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Berenice Martínez-Shio E, Martín Cárdenas-Hernández Á, Jiménez-Suárez V, Sherell Marín-Jáuregui L, Castillo-Martin del Campo C, González-Amaro R, Escobedo-Uribe CD, Monsiváis-Urenda AE. Differentiation of circulating monocytes into macrophages with metabolically activated phenotype regulates inflammation in dyslipidemia patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 208:83-94. [PMID: 35274685 PMCID: PMC9113394 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are mediators of inflammation having an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, a pro-inflammatory subpopulation, known as metabolically activated macrophages (MMe), has been described in conditions of obesity and metabolic syndrome where they are known to release cytokines that can promote insulin resistance. Dyslipidemia represents an important feature in metabolic syndrome and corresponds to one of the main modifiable risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Circulating monocytes can differentiate into macrophages under certain conditions. They correspond to a heterogeneous population, which include inflammatory and anti-inflammatory subsets; however, there is a wide spectrum of phenotypes. Therefore, we decided to investigate whether the metabolic activated monocyte (MoMe) subpopulation is already present under dyslipidemia conditions. Secondly, we assessed whether different levels of cholesterol and triglycerides play a role in the polarization towards the metabolic phenotype (MMe) of macrophages. Our results indicate that MoMe cells are found in both healthy and dyslipidemia patients, with cells displaying the following metabolic phenotype: CD14varCD36+ABCA1+PLIN2+. Furthermore, the percentages of CD14++CD68+CD80+ pro-inflammatory monocytes are higher in dyslipidemia than in healthy subjects. When analysing macrophage differentiation, we observed that MMe percentages were higher in the dyslipidemia group than in healthy subjects. These MMe have the ability to produce high levels of IL-6 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Furthermore, ABCA1 expression in MMe correlates with LDL serum levels. Our study highlights the dynamic contributions of metabolically activated macrophages in dyslipidemia, which may have a complex participation in low-grade inflammation due to their pro- and anti-inflammatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Berenice Martínez-Shio
- Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Ángel Martín Cárdenas-Hernández
- Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Verónica Jiménez-Suárez
- Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Laura Sherell Marín-Jáuregui
- Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Claudia Castillo-Martin del Campo
- Laboratorio de Células Neurales Troncales, CIACYT-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de
San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Roberto González-Amaro
- Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Carlos D Escobedo-Uribe
- Departamento de Cardiología, Soporte Vital, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de
San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Adriana Elizabeth Monsiváis-Urenda
- Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
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Maggi P, Calò F, Messina V, Stornaiuolo G, Stanzione M, Rinaldi L, De Pascalis S, Macera M, Coppola N. Cardiovascular disease risk in liver transplant recipients transplanted due to chronic viral hepatitis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265178. [PMID: 35294954 PMCID: PMC8926187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation, mostly in patients transplanted for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, obesity and diabetes. Few data exist on cardiovascular diseases among patients transplanted for viral hepatitis.
Objective
Our aim is to clarify the cardiovascular risk and subclinical vascular damage among liver transplant recipients for chronic viral hepatitis (i.e. hepatits C virus, hepatis B virus and hepatitis D virus infection).
Methods
Adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) with orthotopic liver transplants (OLT) due to viral hepatitis who signed informed consent, and were admitted for a routine follow-up between June 2019 and September 2020 at the Infectious Disease outpatient clinic of the University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy, were prospectively enrolled. An estimation of cardiovascular risk was assessed using three main risk charts, echocolor-Doppler of epiaortic vessels was performed to assess subclinical Intima-Media changes.
Results
A total of 161 patients were evaluated; of these 15 were excluded because not affected by viral hepatitis. 146 patients were considered. 83 patients (56.8%) were considered at high cardiovascular risk according to Framingham, 54 patients (36.9%) to American Heart Association Arteriosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) score and 19 (13.0%) to Heart Score. Only 8 patients (5.4%) showed a normal carotid ultrasound, while 52 patients (35.6%) had a carotid artery Intima-Media Thickness (IMT) and 86 (58.9%) an atherosclerotic plaque.
Conclusions
Liver transplant recipients for virus-related associated liver disease are, in light of the high percentage of carotid lesions, at high risk of CVD. Risk charts compared to subclinical carotid lesions which represent damage already established and a real localization of the disease, seem to underestimate the cardiovascular risk. A chronic inflammatory status, could play a key role. It’s important to raise the awareness of cardiovascular risk in liver transplant patients to prevent cardiovascular diseases and improve the timing of early diagnosis of premature vascular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Maggi
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine – Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Federica Calò
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine – Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gianfranca Stornaiuolo
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine – Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Stanzione
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine – Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascalis
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine – Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Macera
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine – Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Coppola
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine – Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Zhang J. Biomarkers of endothelial activation and dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2022; 23:73. [PMID: 35229564 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2302073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial activation and dysfunction is an important contributor to atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases and cardiorenal syndrome. Endothelial dysfunction is also linked with metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes. The search for specific and sensitive biomarkers of endothelial activation and dysfunction may have important clinical implications. This review pinpoints the differences in biomarkers between endothelial activation and endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases, and then briefly describes the most relevant biomarkers of endothelial activation. Biomarkers of endothelial activation include endothelial adhesion molecules, cytokines, C-reactive protein, CD62E+/E-selectin activated endothelial microparticles, oxidation of low density lipoproteins, asymmetric dimethylarginine and endocan. This review also presents an update on the novel biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, such as matrix metalloproteinases (e.g., MMP-7, MMP-9), ANGPTL2, endogdlin, annexin V+ endothelial apoptotic microparticles, and serum homocysteine. Finally, this review emphasizes the limitations of biomarkers of endothelial activation and dysfunction in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas, TX 75226, USA
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Rossouw TM, Anderson R, Manga P, Feldman C. Emerging Role of Platelet-Endothelium Interactions in the Pathogenesis of Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Associated Myocardial Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:776861. [PMID: 35185878 PMCID: PMC8854752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.776861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular dysfunction and disease are common and frequently fatal complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Indeed, from early on during the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic it was recognized that cardiac complications may occur, even in patients with no underlying cardiac disorders, as part of the acute infection, and that these were associated with more severe disease and increased morbidity and mortality. The most common cardiac complication is acute cardiac injury, defined by significant elevation of cardiac troponins. The potential mechanisms of cardiovascular complications include direct viral myocardial injury, systemic inflammation induced by the virus, sepsis, arrhythmia, myocardial oxygen supply-demand mismatch, electrolyte abnormalities, and hypercoagulability. This review is focused on the prevalence, risk factors and clinical course of COVID-19-related myocardial injury, as well as on current data with regard to disease pathogenesis, specifically the interaction of platelets with the vascular endothelium. The latter section includes consideration of the role of SARS-CoV-2 proteins in triggering development of a generalized endotheliitis that, in turn, drives intense activation of platelets. Most prominently, SARS-CoV-2–induced endotheliitis involves interaction of the viral spike protein with endothelial angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) together with alternative mechanisms that involve the nucleocapsid and viroporin. In addition, the mechanisms by which activated platelets intensify endothelial activation and dysfunction, seemingly driven by release of the platelet-derived calcium-binding proteins, SA100A8 and SA100A9, are described. These events create a SARS-CoV-2–driven cycle of intravascular inflammation and coagulation, which contributes significantly to a poor clinical outcome in patients with severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M. Rossouw
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Theresa M. Rossouw,
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Pravin Manga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Charles Feldman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Abstract
Living things comprise a typical hierarchical and porous medium, and their most fundamental logical architectures are interstitial structures encapsulating parenchymal structures. The recent discovery of the efficient transport mechanisms of interstitial streams has provided a new understanding of these complex activities. The substance transport of interstitial streams follows mesoscopic fluid behavior dynamics, which is intimately associated with material transfer in nanoconfined spaces and a unique signal transmission. Accordingly, the evaluation of interstitial stream transport behavior at the mesoscopic scale is essential. In this review, recent advances in physical and chemical properties, the substance transport model, and the characterization methods of interstitial streams at the mesoscopic scale, as well as the relationships between interstitial streams and disease are summarized. Interstitial stream transport can be used as a basis to fully mine hierarchal behavior in images to expand imaging behavior into an omics field. By starting from the perspective of soft matter, a new understanding can be gained of health and disease and quantitative physical markers for research, clinical diagnosis, and treatment can be provided, as well as prognosis evaluation in complex diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. This will provide a foundation for the development of medicine of soft matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Tao Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Peng Cao
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Han Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Dong Han
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
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Pinheiro-de-Sousa I, Fonseca-Alaniz MH, Teixeira SK, Rodrigues MV, Krieger JE. Uncovering emergent phenotypes in endothelial cells by clustering of surrogates of cardiovascular risk factors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1372. [PMID: 35079076 PMCID: PMC8789842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a hallmark of atherosclerosis and is influenced by well-defined risk factors, including hypoxia, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oscillatory flow. However, the individual and combined contributions to the molecular underpinnings of ED remain elusive. We used global gene expression in human coronary artery endothelial cells to identify gene pathways and cellular processes in response to chemical hypoxia, oxidized lipids, IL-1β induced inflammation, oscillatory flow, and these combined stimuli. We found that clustering of the surrogate risk factors differed from the sum of the individual insults that gave rise to emergent phenotypes such as cell proliferation. We validated these observations in samples of human coronary artery atherosclerotic plaques analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing. Our findings suggest a hierarchical interaction between surrogates of CV risk factors and the advent of emergent phenotypes in response to combined stimulation in endothelial cells that may influence ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iguaracy Pinheiro-de-Sousa
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Miriam H Fonseca-Alaniz
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Samantha K Teixeira
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariliza V Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Krieger
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Civieri G, Iop L, Tona F. Antibodies against Angiotensin II Type 1 and Endothelin 1 Type A Receptors in Cardiovascular Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020927. [PMID: 35055116 PMCID: PMC8778295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) and endothelin-1 receptor type A (ETAR) are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed on the surface of a great variety of cells: immune cells, vascular smooth cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts express ETAR and AT1R, which are activated by endothelin 1 (ET1) and angiotensin II (AngII), respectively. Certain autoantibodies are specific for these receptors and can regulate their function, thus being known as functional autoantibodies. The function of these antibodies is similar to that of natural ligands, and it involves not only vasoconstriction, but also the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin-6 (IL6), IL8 and TNF-α), collagen production by fibroblasts, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release by fibroblasts and neutrophils. The role of autoantibodies against AT1R and ETAR (AT1R-AAs and ETAR-AAs, respectively) is well described in the pathogenesis of many medical conditions (e.g., systemic sclerosis (SSc) and SSc-associated pulmonary hypertension, cystic fibrosis, and allograft dysfunction), but their implications in cardiovascular diseases are still unclear. This review summarizes the current evidence regarding the effects of AT1R-AAs and ETAR-AAs in cardiovascular pathologies, highlighting their roles in heart transplantation and mechanical circulatory support, preeclampsia, and acute coronary syndromes.
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Kumar S, Verma R, Tyagi N, Gangenahalli G, Verma YK. Therapeutics effect of mesenchymal stromal cells in reactive oxygen species-induced damages. Hum Cell 2022; 35:37-50. [PMID: 34800267 PMCID: PMC8605474 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species are chemically unstable molecules generated during aerobic respiration, especially in the electron transport chain. ROS are involved in various biological functions; any imbalance in their standard level results in severe damage, for instance, oxidative damage, inflammation in a cellular system, and cancer. Oxidative damage activates signaling pathways, which result in cell proliferation, oncogenesis, and metastasis. Since the last few decades, mesenchymal stromal cells have been explored as therapeutic agents against various pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, acute and chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases, macular degeneration, and biliary diseases. Recently, the research community has begun developing several anti-tumor drugs, but these therapeutic drugs are ineffective. In this present review, we would like to emphasize MSCs-based targeted therapy against pathologies induced by ROS as cells possess regenerative potential, immunomodulation, and migratory capacity. We have also focused on how MSCs can be used as next-generation drugs with no side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Kumar
- Stem Cell & Gene Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Ranjan Verma
- Stem Cell & Gene Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Nishant Tyagi
- Stem Cell & Gene Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Gurudutta Gangenahalli
- Stem Cell & Gene Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar Verma
- Stem Cell & Gene Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
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Parcha V, Heindl B, Kalra R, Li P, Gower B, Arora G, Arora P. Insulin Resistance and Cardiometabolic Risk Profile Among Nondiabetic American Young Adults: Insights From NHANES. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e25-e37. [PMID: 34473288 PMCID: PMC8684535 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of insulin resistance (IR) among young American adults has not been previously assessed. We evaluated (1) the prevalence and trends of IR and cardiometabolic risk factors and (2) the association between measures of adiposity and IR among adults 18 to 44 years of age without diabetes and preexisting cardiovascular disease. METHODS Cross-sectional survey data from six consecutive National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2008 to 2017-2018) cycles were analyzed. IR was defined by the homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) of ≥2.5. The temporal trends of IR, cardiometabolic risk factors, and the relationship between IR and measures of adiposity were assessed using multivariable-adjusted regression models. RESULTS Among 6247 young adults 18 to 44 years of age, the prevalence of IR was 44.8% (95% CI: 42.0%-47.6%) in 2007-2010 and 40.3% (95% CI: 36.4%-44.2%) in 2015-2018 (P for trend = 0.07). There was a modest association of HOMA-IR with higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, total lean fat mass, and total and localized fat mass (all Ps < 0.001). Participants with IR had a higher prevalence of hypertension [31.3% (95% CI: 29.2%-33.5%) vs 14.7% (95% CI: 13.2%-16.2%)], hypercholesterolemia [16.0% (95% CI: 12.4%-19.5%) vs 7.0% (95% CI: 5.8%-8.5%)], obesity [56.6% (95% CI: 53.9%-59.3%) vs 14.7% (95% CI: 13.0%-16.5%)], and poor physical activity levels [18.3% (95% CI: 16.4%-20.2%) vs 11.7% (95%CI: 10.3-13.1%)] compared to participants without IR (all Ps < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Four-in-10 young American adults have IR, which occurs in a cluster with cardiometabolic risk factors. Nearly half of young adults with IR are nonobese. Screening efforts for IR irrespective of BMI may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhu Parcha
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brittain Heindl
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rajat Kalra
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peng Li
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Barbara Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Garima Arora
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Pankaj Arora
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Section of Cardiology, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Klaver M, van Velzen D, de Blok C, Nota N, Wiepjes C, Defreyne J, Schreiner T, Fisher A, Twisk J, Seidell J, T’Sjoen G, den Heijer M, de Mutsert R. Change in Visceral Fat and Total Body Fat and the Effect on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors During Transgender Hormone Therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e153-e164. [PMID: 34415999 PMCID: PMC8684493 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excess visceral fat increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and is influenced by sex hormones. Our aim was to investigate changes in visceral fat and the ratio of visceral fat to total body fat (VAT/TBF) and their associations with changes in lipids and insulin resistance after 1 year of hormone therapy in trans persons. METHODS In 179 trans women and 162 trans men, changes in total body and visceral fat estimated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after 1 year of hormone therapy were related to lipids and insulin resistance [homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)] with linear regression analysis. RESULTS In trans women, total body fat increased by 4.0 kg (95% CI 3.4, 4.7), while the amount of visceral fat did not change (-2 grams; 95% CI -15, 11), albeit with a large range from -318 to 281, resulting in a decrease in the VAT/TBF ratio of 17% (95% CI 15, 19). In trans men, total body fat decreased with 2.8 kg (95% CI 2.2, 3.5), while the amount of visceral fat did not change (3 g; 95% CI -10, 16; range -372, 311), increasing the VAT/TBF ratio by 14% (95% CI 10, 17). In both groups, VAT/TBF was not associated with changes in blood lipids or HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Hormone therapy in trans women and trans men resulted in changes in VAT/TBF, mainly due to changes in total body fat and were unrelated to changes in cardiometabolic risk factors, which suggests that any unfavorable cardiometabolic effects of hormone therapy are not mediated by changes in visceral fat or VAT/TBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje Klaver
- Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daan van Velzen
- Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christel de Blok
- Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke Nota
- Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal Wiepjes
- Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Justine Defreyne
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Schreiner
- Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alessandra Fisher
- Andrology, Women’s Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jos Twisk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Seidell
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guy T’Sjoen
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martin den Heijer
- Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Correspondence: Martin den Heijer, MD, PhD, Amsterdam University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1107, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Wang J, Wang Z, Guo F, Zhang Y, Ji H, Chen G, Wan Q, Yan L, Wang G, Qin Y, Luo Z, Tang X, Huo Y, Hu R, Ye Z, Shi L, Gao Z, Su Q, Mu Y, Zhao J, Chen L, Zeng T, Yu X, Li Q, Shen F, Chen L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Deng H, Liu C, Wu S, Yang T, Li M, Xu Y, Xu M, Zhao Z, Wang T, Lu J, Bi Y, Wang W, Ning G, Zhao Y, Qin G. Individual and Combined Cardiometabolic Morbidities and the Subsequent Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Chinese Adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e84-e94. [PMID: 34427675 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia accelerates the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. However, data regarding the association between main cardiometabolic morbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia and the subsequent risk of CVD events in Chinese adults are still limited. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between individual and combined cardiometabolic morbidities and incident cardiovascular events in Chinese adults. METHODS Baseline data were obtained from a prospective, nationwide, and population-based cohort study in China during 2011-2012. A total of 133 572 participants aged ≥40 years were included in the study. The main outcome measures were CVD events. RESULTS Compared with participants without diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia, participants with only diabetes (hazard ratio [HR], 1.58; 95% CI, 1.32-1.90) or only hypertension (2.04; 1.82-2.28) exhibited significantly higher risk for CVD events, while participants with only dyslipidemia (0.97; 0.84-1.12) exhibited no significantly higher risk for CVD events. When analyzed collectively, participants with diabetes plus hypertension (HR, 2.67; 95% CI, 2.33-3.06), diabetes plus dyslipidemia (1.57; 1.32-1.87), and hypertension plus dyslipidemia (2.12; 1.88-2.39) exhibited significantly higher risk for CVD. Moreover, participants with the combination of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia exhibited the highest risk for CVD events (HR, 3.06; 95% CI, 2.71-3.46). Multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for CVD associated with diabetes based on fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L, oral glucose tolerance test 2-hour glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L, and hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5% were 1.64 (1.51-1.78), 1.57 (1.45-1.69), and 1.54 (1.42-1.66), respectively; associated with hypertension based on systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg were 1.89 (1.76-2.03) and 1.74 (1.60-1.88), respectively; associated with dyslipidemia based on total cholesterol ≥6.22 mmol/L, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥4.14 mmol/L, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <1.04 mmol/L, and triglycerides ≥2.26 mmol/L were 1.18 (1.08-1.30), 1.30 (1.17-1.44), 1.00 (0.92-1.09), and 1.10 (1.01-1.20), respectively. CONCLUSION Diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia showed additive associations with the risk of CVD events in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongfei Ji
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qin Wan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Yan
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingfen Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zuojie Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xulei Tang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanan Huo
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruying Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhengnan Gao
- Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Qing Su
- Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Mu
- Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianshu Zeng
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Feixia Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yinfei Zhang
- Central Hospital of Shanghai Jiading District, Shanghai, China
| | - Youmin Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huacong Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengli Wu
- Karamay Municipal People's Hospital, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tao Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Nandi S, Pyne A, Layek S, Arora C, Sarkar N. The Dietary Nutrient Trimethylamine N-Oxide Affects the Phospholipid Vesicle Membrane: Probable Route to Adverse Intake. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:12411-12418. [PMID: 34939822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a choline-containing dietary supplement obtained from red meat, egg, and other animal resources, on excess accumulation is known to cause cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) like atherosclerosis. To understand the molecular mechanism of the pathogenesis of TMAO-induced CVDs, we have set up 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) membrane in water that mimicked the endothelial cell membrane-blood interface of the artery wall and investigated the effect of an elevated concentration of TMAO on the membrane. We found that TMAO exerts an "action at a distance" mechanism through electrostatic force of attraction that significantly alters various properties of the membrane, like hydrophobicity, lateral organization, and interfacial water dynamics, which elevates the rigidity of the membrane. Such an effect was found to be further amplified in the presence of known causes of CVDs, i.e., high content of cholesterol (Chol). Therefore, TMAO-induced membrane rigidity may restrict the intrinsic elasticity of an artery membrane, expected to be introducing "hardening of the arteries", which makes the membrane atherosclerotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, WB 721302, India
| | - Arghajit Pyne
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, WB 721302, India
| | - Souvik Layek
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, WB 721302, India
| | - Chirag Arora
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, WB 721302, India
| | - Nilmoni Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, WB 721302, India
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Banerjee S, Kumar P, Srivastava S, Banerjee A. Association of anthropometric measures of obesity and physical activity with cardio-vascular diseases among older adults: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey, 2017-18. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260148. [PMID: 34910748 PMCID: PMC8673620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increase in elderly population, the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among Indian older adults is also increasing. The present paper tries to assess how different anthropometric measures of obesity and physical activity affects cardiovascular disease risk among older adults in India. METHODS The data from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) has been used. The total sample size for the present study is 31,464 older adults aged 60 years and above. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression has been used to measure the association of obesity measures and CVD prevalence. RESULTS About 35.2% (n = 11,058) of the older adults suffered from CVD. Moreover, 22.2% (n = 6,217) of the older adults were obese/overweight, 23.7% (n = 6,651) had high risk waist circumference and 77.0% (n = 21,593) had high risk waist-Hip ratio. The likelihood of CVD was 60%, 50%, and 34% significantly higher among older adults who were obese/overweight [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.60; CI: 1.48-1.72], had high risk waist circumference [AOR: 1.50; CI: 1.39-1.62] and high risk waist-Hip ratio [AOR: 1.34; CI: 1.25-1.44], respectively compared to older adults with normal BMI and those who do not have a high risk waist circumference and high risk waist hip ratio. Moreover, older adults who never did physical activity had 22 per cent higher risk of CVD than those who did frequent [AOR: 1.22; CI: 1.13-1.32] physical activity. CONCLUSION The burden of overweight and obesity along with physical inactivity increases the risk of CVD in older adults. These findings highlight the urgent need for framing direct and indirect strategies to control obesity in order to reduce the burden of CVD among older adults in India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Population Council, India Country Office, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Shobhit Srivastava
- Research and Innovation, MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child, New Delhi, India
| | - Adrita Banerjee
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Silva SA, do Carmo AS, Carvalho KMB. Lifestyle patterns associated with common mental disorders in Brazilian adolescents: Results of the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261261. [PMID: 34905559 PMCID: PMC8670696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between lifestyle factors and mental health has been evaluated in isolation; however, there has been a lack of information about lifestyle patterns and Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in adolescents. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the association between sets of lifestyle patterns and the occurrence of CMD in Brazilian adolescents evaluated in a national school-based cross-sectional survey. The outcome variable considered was presence of CMD. Lifestyle patterns were identified from the Principal Component Analysis. Consumption of foods, water and alcoholic beverages, sleep, physical activity, and smoking were used to identify patterns as explanatory variables. Sociodemographic characteristics, administrative dependence of the school and, nutritional status, were considered adjustment factors in the regression model. A total of 70,427 adolescents were evaluated. The principal component analysis identified three lifestyle patterns: high consumption of ultra-processed foods and low consumption of unprocessed or minimally processed foods (pattern 1); high consumption of alcoholic beverages and tobacco in the last 30 days (pattern 2); and high consumption of water and high level of physical activity (pattern 3). In the adjusted model, in patterns 1 and 2, the third tertile presented greater chance of CMD (OR 1.68; CI 95% 1.51-1.87 and OR 1.38; CI 95% 1.19-1.60, respectively). In pattern 3, the second (OR 0.88; CI 95% 0.80-0.96) and the third (OR 0.80; CI 95% 0.72-0.88) tertiles presented lower chances of CMD among the adolescents evaluated. Therefore, we suggest that health-promoting practices aimed at adolescents include multiple behaviors, with the objective of ensuring physical, mental, and social well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Araújo Silva
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Unieuro University Center, Brasilia, Brazil
- Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
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Weng SF, Akyea RK, Man KKC, Lau WCY, Iyen B, Blais JE, Chan EW, Siu CW, Qureshi N, Wong ICK, Kai J. Determining propensity for sub-optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to statins and future risk of cardiovascular disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260839. [PMID: 34855879 PMCID: PMC8638964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variability in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) response to statins is underappreciated. We characterised patients by their statin response (SR), baseline risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 10-year CVD outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS A multivariable model was developed using 183,213 United Kingdom (UK) patients without CVD to predict probability of sub-optimal SR, defined by guidelines as <40% reduction in LDL-C. We externally validated the model in a Hong Kong (HK) cohort (n = 170,904). Patients were stratified into four groups by predicted SR and 10-year CVD risk score: [SR1] optimal SR & low risk; [SR2] sub-optimal SR & low risk; [SR3] optimal SR & high risk; [SR4] sub-optimal SR & high risk; and 10-year hazard ratios (HR) determined for first major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE). Our SR model included 12 characteristics, with an area under the curve of 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70-0.71; UK) and 0.68 (95% CI 0.67-0.68; HK). HRs for MACE in predicted sub-optimal SR with low CVD risk groups (SR2 to SR1) were 1.39 (95% CI 1.35-1.43, p<0.001; UK) and 1.14 (95% CI 1.11-1.17, p<0.001; HK). In both cohorts, patients with predicted sub-optimal SR with high CVD risk (SR4 to SR3) had elevated risk of MACE (UK HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.32-1.40, p<0.001: HK HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.21-1.28, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with sub-optimal response to statins experienced significantly more MACE, regardless of baseline CVD risk. To enhance cholesterol management for primary prevention, statin response should be considered alongside risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Franklin Weng
- Primary Care Stratified Medicine (PRISM), Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ralph Kwame Akyea
- Primary Care Stratified Medicine (PRISM), Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Kenneth KC Man
- Centre for Medicine Optimisation Research and Education (CMORE), Research Department of Practice and Policy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wallis C. Y. Lau
- Centre for Medicine Optimisation Research and Education (CMORE), Research Department of Practice and Policy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Barbara Iyen
- Primary Care Stratified Medicine (PRISM), Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Edgar Blais
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Esther W. Chan
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung Wah Siu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nadeem Qureshi
- Primary Care Stratified Medicine (PRISM), Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian C. K. Wong
- Centre for Medicine Optimisation Research and Education (CMORE), Research Department of Practice and Policy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joe Kai
- Primary Care Stratified Medicine (PRISM), Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Mengozzi A, Pugliese NR, Chiriacò M, Masi S, Virdis A, Taddei S. Microvascular Ageing Links Metabolic Disease to Age-Related Disorders: The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Promoting Microvascular Dysfunction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:S78-S87. [PMID: 34840260 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Longer life span and increased prevalence of chronic, noncommunicable, inflammatory diseases fuel cardiovascular mortality. The microcirculation is central in the cross talk between ageing, inflammation, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases. Microvascular dysfunction, characterized by alteration in the microvascular endothelial function and wall structure, is described in an increasing number of chronic age-associated diseases, suggesting that it might be a marker of ageing superior to chronological age. The aim of this review is to thoroughly explore the connections between microvascular dysfunction, ageing, and metabolic disorders by detailing the major role played by inflammation and oxidative stress in their evolution. Older age, hypertension, nutrient abundance, and hyperglycemia concur in the induction of a persistent low-grade inflammatory response, defined as meta-inflammation or inflammageing. This increases the local generation of reactive oxygen species that further impairs endothelial function and amplifies the local inflammatory response. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many age-related diseases. The alterations of mitochondrial function promote irreversible modification in microvascular structure. The interest in the hypothesis of chronic inflammation at the center of the ageing process lies in its therapeutic implications. Inhibition of specific inflammatory pathways has been shown to lower the risk of many age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease. However, the whole architecture of the inflammatory response underpinning the ageing process and its impact on the burden of age-related diseases remain to be fully elucidated. Additional studies are needed to unravel the connection between these biological pathways and to address their therapeutic power in terms of cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy ; and
| | | | - Martina Chiriacò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Agostino Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Al-Shamasi AA, Elkaffash R, Mohamed M, Rayan M, Al-Khater D, Gadeau AP, Ahmed R, Hasan A, Eldassouki H, Yalcin HC, Abdul-Ghani M, Mraiche F. Crosstalk between Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitors and Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1 and 3 in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12677. [PMID: 34884494 PMCID: PMC8657861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormality in glucose homeostasis due to hyperglycemia or insulin resistance is the hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These metabolic abnormalities in T2DM lead to cellular dysfunction and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy leading to heart failure. New antihyperglycemic agents including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been shown to attenuate endothelial dysfunction at the cellular level. In addition, they improved cardiovascular safety by exhibiting cardioprotective effects. The mechanism by which these drugs exert their cardioprotective effects is unknown, although recent studies have shown that cardiovascular homeostasis occurs through the interplay of the sodium-hydrogen exchangers (NHE), specifically NHE1 and NHE3, with SGLT2i. Another theoretical explanation for the cardioprotective effects of SGLT2i is through natriuresis by the kidney. This theory highlights the possible involvement of renal NHE transporters in the management of heart failure. This review outlines the possible mechanisms responsible for causing diabetic cardiomyopathy and discusses the interaction between NHE and SGLT2i in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al-Anood Al-Shamasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.-A.A.-S.); (R.E.); (M.M.); (M.R.); (D.A.-K.)
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Rozina Elkaffash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.-A.A.-S.); (R.E.); (M.M.); (M.R.); (D.A.-K.)
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Meram Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.-A.A.-S.); (R.E.); (M.M.); (M.R.); (D.A.-K.)
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Menatallah Rayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.-A.A.-S.); (R.E.); (M.M.); (M.R.); (D.A.-K.)
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Dhabya Al-Khater
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.-A.A.-S.); (R.E.); (M.M.); (M.R.); (D.A.-K.)
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Alain-Pierre Gadeau
- INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Bordeaux, U1034 Pessac, France;
| | - Rashid Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (R.A.); (A.H.)
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (R.A.); (A.H.)
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Hussein Eldassouki
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B5, Canada;
| | | | - Muhammad Abdul-Ghani
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 7703, USA;
| | - Fatima Mraiche
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.-A.A.-S.); (R.E.); (M.M.); (M.R.); (D.A.-K.)
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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Lee EK, Ahn HY, Ku EJ, Yoo WS, Lee YK, Nam KH, Chai YJ, Moon S, Jung YS. Cardiovascular Outcomes in Thyroid Cancer Patients Treated With Thyroidectomy: A Meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:3644-3654. [PMID: 34347085 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thyroid dysfunction is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population; however, it remains controversial whether differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) treatment, including thyroidectomy and thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression, further increases the risk of CVD. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the risk of CVD in patients with DTC. METHODS We performed a review of observational studies on associations between DTC and cardiovascular outcomes, indexed in MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science. We excluded studies that evaluated CVD as comorbidity before DTC diagnosis and those that used active surveillance without thyroidectomy as an intervention. Risk estimates were pooled using random- and fixed-effects models when 3 or more studies reported on the outcome of interest. Echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters were examined. RESULTS Eighteen studies were included in the quantitative analysis (193 320 cases with DTC and 225 575 healthy controls). DTC was associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (pooled risk ratio [RR] = 1.55 [95% CI: 1.30-1.84]), coronary artery disease (RR = 1.10 [1.00-1.21]), cerebrovascular accidents (RR = 1.15 [1.09-1.20]), and all-cause mortality (RR = 1.95 [1.03-3.69]). DTC was associated with higher diastolic blood pressure (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.22 [0.01-0.42]), heart rate (0.37 [0.17-0.57]), left ventricular mass index (0.66 [0.45-0.88]), and interventricular septal thickness (0.91 [0.33-1.49]) and lower early to late ventricular filling velocities (-0.42 [-0.79 to -0.05]), but not with ejection fraction. CONCLUSION Patients with DTC are at an increased risk of atrial fibrillation, CVD, increased heart rate, and left ventricular mass development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Lee
- Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Hwa Young Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06973, Korea
| | - Eu Jeong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Won Sang Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook Univeristy College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
| | - Young Ki Lee
- Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Kee-Hyun Nam
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Young Jun Chai
- Department of Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, 07061, Korea
| | - Shinje Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, 07441, Korea
| | - Yuh-Seog Jung
- Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
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Srinivasa S, Thomas TS, Feldpausch MN, Adler GK, Grinspoon SK. Coronary Vasculature and Myocardial Structure in HIV: Physiologic Insights From the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:3398-3412. [PMID: 33624807 PMCID: PMC8864747 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The landscape of HIV medicine dramatically changed with the advent of contemporary antiretroviral therapies, which has allowed persons with HIV (PWH) to achieve good virologic control, essentially eliminating HIV-related complications and increasing life expectancy. As PWH are living longer, noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), have become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in PWH with rates that are 50% to 100% higher than in well-matched persons without HIV. In this review, we focus on disease of the coronary microvasculature and myocardium in HIV. We highlight a key hormonal system important to cardiovascular endocrinology, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), as a potential mediator of inflammatory driven-vascular and myocardial injury and consider RAAS blockade as a physiologically targeted strategy to reduce CVD in HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Srinivasa
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teressa S Thomas
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meghan N Feldpausch
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gail K Adler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Steven K Grinspoon
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Correspondence: Steven K. Grinspoon, MD, Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, 5LON207, Boston, MA 02114, USA. E-mail:
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Jauhiainen R, Vangipurapu J, Laakso A, Kuulasmaa T, Kuusisto J, Laakso M. The Association of 9 Amino Acids With Cardiovascular Events in Finnish Men in a 12-Year Follow-up Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:3448-3454. [PMID: 34346487 PMCID: PMC8634085 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To investigate the significance of 9 amino acids as risk factors for incident cardiovascular disease events in 9584 Finnish men. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 9584 men (age 57.4 ± 7.0 years, body mass index 27.2 ± 4.2 kg/m2) from the Metabolic Syndrome in Men study without cardiovascular disease and type 1 diabetes at baseline were included in this study. A total of 662 coronary artery disease (CAD) events, 394 ischemic stroke events, and 966 cardiovascular disease (CVD; CAD and stroke combined) events were recorded in a 12.3-year follow-up. Amino acids were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance platform. RESULTS In Cox regression analysis, phenylalanine and tyrosine were significantly associated with increased risk of CAD and CVD events, and phenylalanine with increased risk of ischemic stroke after the adjustment for confounding factors. Glutamine was significantly associated with decreased risk of stroke and CVD events and nominally with CAD events. Alanine was nominally associated with CAD events. CONCLUSION We identified alanine as a new amino acid associated with increased risk of CAD and glutamine as a new amino acid associated with decreased risk of ischemic stroke. We also confirmed that phenylalanine and tyrosine were associated with CAD, ischemic stroke, and CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimo Jauhiainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jagadish Vangipurapu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annamaria Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Institute of Biomedicine, Bioinformatics Center, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Correspondence: Markku Laakso, MD, PhD, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
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Torky A, Sinaii N, Jha S, Desai J, El-Maouche D, Mallappa A, Merke DP. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Metabolic Morbidity in a Longitudinal Study of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e5247-e5257. [PMID: 33677504 PMCID: PMC8864751 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are exposed to hyperandrogenism and supraphysiologic glucocorticoids, both of which can increase risk of metabolic morbidity. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity risk in a longitudinal study of patients with CAH spanning both childhood and adulthood. DESIGN AND SETTING Patients with classic CAH followed for a minimum of 5 years during both childhood and adulthood (n = 57) at the National Institutes of Health were included and compared with the US general population using NHANES data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, fasting hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. RESULTS Compared to the US population, patients with CAH had higher (P < 0.001) prevalence of obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, fasting hyperglycemia, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) during childhood and obesity (P = 0.024), hypertension (P<0.001), and insulin resistance (P < 0.001) during adulthood. In our cohort, obesity, hypertension, fasting hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia began prior to age 10. During childhood, increased mineralocorticoid dose was associated with hypertension (P = 0.0015) and low HDL (P = 0.0021). During adulthood, suppressed androstenedione was associated with hypertension (P = 0.002), and high low-density lipoprotein (P = 0.0039) whereas suppressed testosterone (P = 0.003) was associated with insulin resistance. Elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone, possibly reflecting poor disease control, was protective against high cholesterol (P = 0.0049) in children. Children whose mothers were obese (maternal obesity) had increased risk of obesity during adulthood (P = 0.0021). Obesity, in turn, contributed to the development of hypertension, insulin resistance, and hypertriglyceridemia in adulthood. CONCLUSION Patients with CAH develop metabolic morbidity at a young age associated with treatment-related and familial factors. Judicious use of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Torky
- The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ninet Sinaii
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Smita Jha
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jay Desai
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diala El-Maouche
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, George Washington University, Washington, DC,USA
| | - Ashwini Mallappa
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Deborah P Merke
- The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Correspondence: Deborah P Merke, MD, 10 Center Drive, Room 3-2750, Bethesda, MD 20892-1932.
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Yu D, Wang Z, Zhang X, Qu B, Cai Y, Ma S, Zhao Z, Simmons D. Remnant Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Incident Diabetic Nephropathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:3546-3554. [PMID: 34291804 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The association between remnant cholesterol (remnant-C) and cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and incident diabetic nephropathy remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To examinie the association between remnant-C and cardiovascular mortality in patients with T2D, chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3 to 5, and newly diagnosed DN. METHODS This study determined the baseline lipid profile and searched for deaths with cardiovascular disease (CVD) within 2 years of baseline among 2282 adults enrolled between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2016, who had T2D, CKD stages 3 to 5, and newly diagnosed DN. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between lipid, especially remnant-C concentration (either as continuous or categorical variables), and risk of cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS In multivariable-adjusted analyses, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (odds ratio [OR], 1.022; 95% CI, 1.017-1.026, per 10 mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR, 0.929; 95% CI, 0.922-0.936, per 5 mg/dL), non-HDL-C (OR, 1.024; 95% CI, 1.021-1.028, per 10 mg/dL), and remnant-C (OR, 1.115; 95% CI, 1.103-1.127, per 10 mg/dL), but not triglycerides were associated with cardiovascular mortality. Atherogenic dyslipidemia (triglycerides > 150 mg/dL [1.69 mmol/L] and HDL-C < 40 mg/dL in men or < 50 mg/dL in women) was also associated with cardiovascular mortality (OR, 1.073; 95% CI, 1.031-1.116). Remnant-C greater than or equal to 30 mg/dL differentiated patients at a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality from those with lower concentrations, especially with interaction with LDL-C level greater than 100 mg/dL: The highest risk was found in patients with higher levels both of remnant-C and LDL-C (OR, 1.696; 95% CI, 1.613-1.783). CONCLUSION In patients with T2D, CKD stages 3 to 5, and incident DN, remnant-C was associated with a higher risk of death with CVD. Different from the general population, the interaction of remnant-C and LDL-C was associated with the highest risk of cardiovascular mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Yu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Bingjie Qu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yamei Cai
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - David Simmons
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Macarthur Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Sydney NSW 2751, Australia
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Aoki Y, Hamrén B, Clegg LE, Stahre C, Bhatt DL, Raz I, Scirica BM, Oscarsson J, Carlsson B. Assessing reproducibility and utility of clustering of patients with type 2 diabetes and established CV disease (SAVOR -TIMI 53 trial). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259372. [PMID: 34797832 PMCID: PMC8604302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the reproducibility and clinical utility of clustering-based subtyping of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and established cardiovascular (CV) disease. METHODS The cardiovascular outcome trial SAVOR-TIMI 53 (n = 16,492) was used. Analyses focused on T2D patients with established CV disease. Unsupervised machine learning technique called "k-means clustering" was used to divide patients into subtypes. K-means clustering including HbA1c, age of diagnosis, BMI, HOMA2-IR and HOMA2-B was used to assign clusters to the following diabetes subtypes: severe insulin deficient diabetes (SIDD); severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD); mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD); mild age-related diabetes (MARD). We refer these subtypes as "clustering-based diabetes subtypes". A simulation study using randomly generated data was conducted to understand how correlations between the above variables influence the formation of the cluster-based diabetes subtypes. The predictive utility of clustering-based diabetes subtypes for CV events (3-point MACE), renal function reduction (eGFR decrease >30%) and diabetic disease progression (introduction of additional anti-diabetic medication) were compared with conventional risk scores. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated by Cox-proportional hazard models. RESULTS In the SAVOR-TIMI 53 trial based dataset, the percentage of the clustering-based T2D subtypes were; SIDD (18%), SIRD (17%), MOD (29%), MARD (37%). Using the simulated dataset, the diabetes subtypes could be largely reproduced from a log-normal distribution when including known correlations between variables. The predictive utility of clustering-based diabetic subtypes on CV events, renal function reduction, and diabetic disease progression did not show an advantage compared to conventional risk scores. CONCLUSIONS The consistent reproduction of four clustering-based T2D subtypes can be explained by the correlations between the variables used for clustering. Subtypes of T2D based on clustering had limited advantage compared to conventional risk scores to predict clinical outcome in patients with T2D and established CV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Aoki
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hamrén
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lindsay E. Clegg
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States of America
| | - Christina Stahre
- Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Deepak L. Bhatt
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Heart & Vascular Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Itamar Raz
- Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin M. Scirica
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Heart & Vascular Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jan Oscarsson
- Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Carlsson
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Snoderly HT, Nurkiewicz TR, Bowdridge EC, Bennewitz MF. E-Cigarette Use: Device Market, Study Design, and Emerging Evidence of Biological Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12452. [PMID: 34830344 PMCID: PMC8619996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes are frequently viewed as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes; however, evidence to support this perspective has not materialized. Indeed, the current literature reports that electronic cigarette use is associated with both acute lung injury and subclinical dysfunction to the lung and vasculature that may result in pathology following chronic use. E-cigarettes can alter vascular dynamics, polarize innate immune populations towards a proinflammatory state, compromise barrier function in the pulmonary endothelium and epithelium, and promote pre-oncogenic phenomena. This review will summarize the variety of e-cigarette products available to users, discuss current challenges in e-cigarette study design, outline the range of pathologies occurring in cases of e-cigarette associated acute lung injury, highlight disease supporting tissue- and cellular-level changes resulting from e-cigarette exposure, and briefly examine how these changes may promote tumorigenesis. Continued research of the mechanisms by which e-cigarettes induce pathology benefit users and clinicians by resulting in increased regulation of vaping devices, informing treatments for emerging diseases e-cigarettes produce, and increasing public awareness to reduce e-cigarette use and the onset of preventable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter T. Snoderly
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (T.R.N.); (E.C.B.)
| | - Timothy R. Nurkiewicz
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (T.R.N.); (E.C.B.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Bowdridge
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (T.R.N.); (E.C.B.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Margaret F. Bennewitz
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (T.R.N.); (E.C.B.)
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Rizvi AA, Janez A, Rizzo M. Cardiometabolic Alterations in the Interplay of COVID-19 and Diabetes: Current Knowledge and Future Avenues. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212311. [PMID: 34830193 PMCID: PMC8619040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Rizvi
- Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA;
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Andrej Janez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Malovichko MV, Abplanalp WT, McFall SA, Taylor BS, Wickramasinghe NS, Sithu ID, Zelko IN, Uchida S, Hill BG, Sutaria SR, Nantz MH, Bhatnagar A, Conklin DJ, O'Toole TE, Srivastava S. Subclinical markers of cardiovascular toxicity of benzene inhalation in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 431:115742. [PMID: 34624356 PMCID: PMC8647905 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Benzene is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Recent population-based studies suggest that benzene exposure is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. However, it is unclear whether benzene exposure by itself is sufficient to induce cardiovascular toxicity. We examined the effects of benzene inhalation (50 ppm, 6 h/day, 5 days/week, 6 weeks) or HEPA-filtered air exposure on the biomarkers of cardiovascular toxicity in male C57BL/6J mice. Benzene inhalation significantly increased the biomarkers of endothelial activation and injury including endothelial microparticles, activated endothelial microparticles, endothelial progenitor cell microparticles, lung endothelial microparticles, and activated lung and endothelial microparticles while having no effect on circulating levels of endothelial adhesion molecules, endothelial selectins, and biomarkers of angiogenesis. To understand how benzene may induce endothelial injury, we exposed human aortic endothelial cells to benzene metabolites. Of the metabolites tested, trans,trans-mucondialdehyde (10 μM, 18h) was the most toxic. It induced caspases-3, -7 and -9 (intrinsic pathway) activation and enhanced microparticle formation by 2.4-fold. Levels of platelet-leukocyte aggregates, platelet macroparticles, and a proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were also significantly elevated in the blood of the benzene-exposed mice. We also found that benzene exposure increased the transcription of genes associated with endothelial cell and platelet activation in the liver; and induced inflammatory genes and suppressed cytochrome P450s in the lungs and the liver. Together, these data suggest that benzene exposure induces endothelial injury, enhances platelet activation and inflammatory processes; and circulatory levels of endothelial cell and platelet-derived microparticles and platelet-leukocyte aggregates are excellent biomarkers of cardiovascular toxicity of benzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Malovichko
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Wesley T Abplanalp
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Samantha A McFall
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Breandon S Taylor
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Nalinie S Wickramasinghe
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Israel D Sithu
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Igor N Zelko
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Bradford G Hill
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Saurin R Sutaria
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Michael H Nantz
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Timothy E O'Toole
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America.
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77
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Shin SY, Kim HS. Data Pseudonymization in a Range That Does Not Affect Data Quality: Correlation with the Degree of Participation of Clinicians. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e299. [PMID: 34783216 PMCID: PMC8593412 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Personal medical information is an essential resource for research; however, there are laws that regulate its use, and it typically has to be pseudonymized or anonymized. When data are anonymized, the quantity and quality of extractable information decrease significantly. From the perspective of a clinical researcher, a method of achieving pseudonymized data without degrading data quality while also preventing data loss is proposed herein. As the level of pseudonymization varies according to the research purpose, the pseudonymization method applied should be carefully chosen. Therefore, the active participation of clinicians is crucial to transform the data according to the research purpose. This can contribute to data security by simply transforming the data through secondary data processing. Case studies demonstrated that, compared with the initial baseline data, there was a clinically significant difference in the number of datapoints added with the participation of a clinician (from 267,979 to 280,127 points, P < 0.001). Thus, depending on the degree of clinician participation, data anonymization may not affect data quality and quantity, and proper data quality management along with data security are emphasized. Although the pseudonymization level and clinical use of data have a trade-off relationship, it is possible to create pseudonymized data while maintaining the data quality required for a given research purpose. Therefore, rather than relying solely on security guidelines, the active participation of clinicians is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yong Shin
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Research Resource Standardization, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hun-Sung Kim
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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78
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Natarelli L, Virgili F, Weber C. SARS-CoV-2, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Noncoding RNAs: A Connected Triad. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12243. [PMID: 34830125 PMCID: PMC8620514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is characterized by important respiratory impairments frequently associated with severe cardiovascular damages. Moreover, patients with pre-existing comorbidity for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) often present a dramatic increase in inflammatory cytokines release, which increases the severity and adverse outcomes of the infection and, finally, mortality risk. Despite this evident association at the clinical level, the mechanisms linking CVD and COVID-19 are still blurry and unresolved. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are functional RNA molecules transcribed from DNA but usually not translated into proteins. They play an important role in the regulation of gene expression, either in relatively stable conditions or as a response to different stimuli, including viral infection, and are therefore considered a possible important target in the design of specific drugs. In this review, we introduce known associations and interactions between COVID-19 and CVD, discussing the role of ncRNAs within SARS-CoV-2 infection from the perspective of the development of efficient pharmacological tools to treat COVID-19 patients and taking into account the equally dramatic associated consequences, such as those affecting the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Natarelli
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 800336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Fabio Virgili
- Research Center for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 00178 Rome, Italy;
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 800336 Munich, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, 81377 Munich, Germany
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79
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Saha P, Bose S, Srivastava AK, Chaudhary AA, Lall R, Prasad S. Jeopardy of COVID-19: Rechecking the Perks of Phytotherapeutic Interventions. Molecules 2021; 26:6783. [PMID: 34833873 PMCID: PMC8621307 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the reason for worldwide pandemic, has already masked around 220 countries globally. This disease is induced by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Arising environmental stress, increase in the oxidative stress level, weak immunity and lack of nutrition deteriorates the clinical status of the infected patients. Though several researches are at its peak for understanding and bringing forward effective therapeutics, yet there is no promising solution treating this disease directly. Medicinal plants and their active metabolites have always been promising in treating many clinical complications since time immemorial. Mother nature provides vivid chemical structures, which act multi-dimensionally all alone or synergistically in mitigating several diseases. Their unique antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity with least side effects have made them more effective candidate for pharmacological studies. These medicinal plants inhibit attachment, encapsulation and replication of COVID-19 viruses by targeting various signaling molecules such as angiotensin converting enzyme-2, transmembrane serine protease 2, spike glycoprotein, main protease etc. This property is re-examined and its potency is now used to improve the existing global health crisis. This review is an attempt to focus various antiviral activities of various noteworthy medicinal plants. Moreover, its implications as prophylactic or preventive in various secondary complications including neurological, cardiovascular, acute kidney disease, liver disease are also pinpointed in the present review. This knowledge will help emphasis on the therapeutic developments for this novel coronavirus where it can be used as alone or in combination with the repositioned drugs to combat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Saha
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, WB, India; (P.S.); (S.B.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Subhankar Bose
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, WB, India; (P.S.); (S.B.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Amit Kumar Srivastava
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, WB, India; (P.S.); (S.B.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSUI), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rajiv Lall
- Noble Pharma, LLC, 4602 Domain Drive, Menomonie, WI 54751, USA;
| | - Sahdeo Prasad
- Noble Pharma, LLC, 4602 Domain Drive, Menomonie, WI 54751, USA;
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80
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Feng L, Lam A, Carmody D, Lim CW, Tan G, Goh SY, Bee YM, Jafar TH. Trends in cardiovascular risk factors and treatment goals in patients with diabetes in Singapore-analysis of the SingHealth Diabetes Registry. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259157. [PMID: 34748574 PMCID: PMC8575178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asian populations are at high risk of diabetes and related vascular complications. We examined risk factor control, preventive care, and disparities in these trends among adults with diabetes in Singapore. Methods The sample included 209,930 adults with diabetes aged≥18 years from a multi-institutional SingHealth Diabetes Registry between 2013 and 2019 in Singapore. We performed logistic generalized estimating equations (GEEs) regression analysis and used linear mixed effect modeling to evaluate the temporal trends. Results Between 2013 and 2019, the unadjusted control rates of glycated hemoglobin (4.8%, 95%CI (4.4 to 5.1) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (11.5%, 95%CI (11.1 to 11.8)) improved, but blood pressure (BP) control worsened (systolic BP (SBP)/diastolic BP (DBP) <140/90 mmHg: -6.6%, 95%CI (-7.0 to -6.2)). These trends persisted after accounting for the demographics including age, gender, ethnicity, and housing type. The 10-year adjusted risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) (3.4%, 95% (3.3 to 3.5)) and stroke (10.4%, 95% CI (10.3 to 10.5)) increased. In 2019, the control rates of glycated hemoglobin, BP (SBP/DBP<140/90 mmHg), LDL-C, each, and all three risk factors together, accounted for 51.5%, 67.7%, 72.2%, and 24.4%, respectively. Conclusions Trends in risk factor control improved for glycated hemoglobin and LDL-C, but worsened for BP among diabetic adults in Singapore from 2013 to 2019. Control rates for all risk factors remain inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Feng
- Program in Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amanda Lam
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Carmody
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching Wee Lim
- Program in Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gilbert Tan
- SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su-Yen Goh
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Mong Bee
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tazeen H. Jafar
- Program in Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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81
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Zhou Y, Khan H, Xiao J, Cheang WS. Effects of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites on Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12029. [PMID: 34769460 PMCID: PMC8584625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is an essential fatty acid that is released by phospholipids in cell membranes and metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX), cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, and lipid oxygenase (LOX) pathways to regulate complex cardiovascular function under physiological and pathological conditions. Various AA metabolites include prostaglandins, prostacyclin, thromboxanes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. The AA metabolites play important and differential roles in the modulation of vascular tone, and cardiovascular complications including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and myocardial infarction upon actions to different receptors and vascular beds. This article reviews the roles of AA metabolism in cardiovascular health and disease as well as their potential therapeutic implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China;
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wai San Cheang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China;
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Barbiellini Amidei C, Macciò S, Cantarutti A, Gessoni F, Bardin A, Zanier L, Canova C, Simonato L. Hospitalizations and emergency department visits trends among elderly individuals in proximity to death: a retrospective population-based study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21472. [PMID: 34728661 PMCID: PMC8563963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute healthcare services are extremely important, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, as healthcare demand has rapidly intensified, and resources have become insufficient. Studies on specific prepandemic hospitalization and emergency department visit (EDV) trends in proximity to death are limited. We examined time-trend specificities based on sex, age, and cause of death in the last 2 years of life. Datasets containing all hospitalizations and EDVs of elderly residents in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy (N = 411,812), who died between 2002 and 2014 at ≥ 65 years, have been collected. We performed subgroup change-point analysis of monthly trends in the 2 years preceding death according to sex, age at death (65-74, 75-84, 85-94, and ≥ 95 years), and main cause of death (cancer, cardiovascular, or respiratory disease). The proportion of decedents (N = 142,834) accessing acute healthcare services increased exponentially in proximity to death (hospitalizations = 4.7, EDVs = 3.9 months before death). This was inversely related to age, with changes among the youngest and eldest decedents at 6.6 and 3.5 months for hospitalizations and at 4.6 and 3.3 months for EDVs, respectively. Healthcare use among cancer patients intensified earlier in life (hospitalizations = 6.8, EDVs = 5.8 months before death). Decedents from respiratory diseases were most likely to access hospital-based services during the last month of life. No sex-based differences were found. The greater use of acute healthcare services among younger decedents and cancer patients suggests that policies potentiating primary care support targeting these at-risk groups may reduce pressure on hospital-based services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Barbiellini Amidei
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Silvia Macciò
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Cantarutti
- Division of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Gessoni
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Bardin
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Loris Zanier
- Epidemiological Service, Health Directorate, Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region, Udine, Italy
| | - Cristina Canova
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Simonato
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
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83
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Battistella C, Liang Y, Gianneschi NC. Innovations in Disease State Responsive Soft Materials for Targeting Extracellular Stimuli Associated with Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Beyond. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2007504. [PMID: 34145625 PMCID: PMC9836048 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in polymer chemistry, materials sciences, and biotechnology have allowed the preclinical development of sophisticated programmable nanomedicines and materials that are able to precisely respond to specific disease-associated triggers and microenvironments. These stimuli, endogenous to the targeted diseases, include pH, redox-state, small molecules, and protein upregulation. Herein, recent advances and innovative approaches in programmable soft materials capable of sensing the aforementioned disease-associated stimuli and responding via a range of dynamic processes including morphological and size transitions, changes in mobility and retention, as well as disassembly are described. In this field generally, the majority of ongoing and past research effort has focused on oncology. Given this interest, examples of the latest innovative approaches to chemo- and immunotherapy treatment strategies for cancer are presented. Moreover, as the field broadens its attention, applications of programmable materials in other diseases are highlighted, with a special focus on cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus, where limited attention is paid by the field, but where many promising avenues exist with high potential impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Battistella
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yifei Liang
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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84
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Wang Y, Zou X, Cai X, Liu W, Chen L, Zhang R, Zhou L, Gong S, Gao Y, Li S, Luo Y, Han X, Ji L. Urinary C-peptide/creatinine ratio: A useful biomarker of insulin resistance and refined classification of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes 2021; 13:893-904. [PMID: 34051046 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The urinary C-peptide/creatinine ratio (UCPCR) is low in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, but it has not been well characterized in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to measure the UCPCRs in patients with T2DM and explore the relationships among UCPCR, insulin resistance (IR), and chronic vascular complications of diabetes. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed of 1299 Chinese hospitalized patients with T2DM. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationships between the chronic vascular complications of diabetes and UCPCR. K-means analysis was used to allocate participants to subgroups with five to six variables (age at diagnosis, body mass index [BMI], glycosylated hemoglobin, homoeostasis model assessment 2-estimated beta-cell function (HOMA2-B), and HOMA2-insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), with or without UCPCR). RESULTS UCPCR positively correlated with HOMA2-IR (r = 0.448, P < .001). After adjustment for sex, age, duration of diabetes, and other cardiovascular risk factors, UCPCR was positively associated with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.198, 95% CI 1.019-1.408, P = .029) and coronary heart disease (CHD) (OR = 1.312, 95% CI 1.079-1.594, P = .006). When UCPCR was added, cluster analysis using the six variables identified five subgroups of T2DM, characterized by differing age at diagnosis, BMI, beta-cell function, IR, and prevalence of vascular complications. CONCLUSIONS UCPCR is positively associated with IR, DKD, and CHD and represents a promising biomarker that could refine the classification of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanai Wang
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiantong Zou
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Cai
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Siqian Gong
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Simin Li
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Luo
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyao Han
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Linong Ji
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
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Tamura Y. The Role of Zinc Homeostasis in the Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 28:1109-1122. [PMID: 34148917 PMCID: PMC8592709 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv17057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient for human health and is involved in various biological functions, such as growth, metabolism, and immune function. In recent years, research on intracellular zinc dynamics has progressed, and it has become clear that zinc transporters strictly control intracellular zinc localization, zinc regulates the functions of various proteins and signal transduction pathways as a second messenger similar to calcium ions, and intracellular zinc dyshomeostasis is associated with impaired insulin synthesis, secretion, sensitivity, lipid metabolism, and vascular function. Numerous animal and human studies have shown that zinc deficiency may be associated with the risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and zinc administration might be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Therefore, an understanding of zinc biology may help the establishment of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and CVDs. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the role of zinc homeostasis in the pathogenesis of diabetes and atherosclerosis and will discuss the potential of zinc in the prevention of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Tamura
- Division of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
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86
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Gutiérrez-Cuevas J, Santos A, Armendariz-Borunda J. Pathophysiological Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity: A Link between MAFLD and NASH with Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111629. [PMID: 34769060 PMCID: PMC8583943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic ensuing an increase in comorbidities’ prevalence, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), autoimmune diseases, and some cancers, CVD being one of the main causes of death in the world. Several studies provide evidence for an association between MAFLD and atherosclerosis and cardio-metabolic disorders, including CVDs such as coronary heart disease and stroke. Therefore, the combination of MAFLD/NASH is associated with vascular risk and CVD progression, but the underlying mechanisms linking MAFLD/NASH and CVD are still under investigation. Several underlying mechanisms may probably be involved, including hepatic/systemic insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hypertension, as well as pro-atherogenic, pro-coagulant, and pro-inflammatory mediators released from the steatotic/inflamed liver. MAFLD is strongly associated with insulin resistance, which is involved in its pathogenesis and progression to NASH. Insulin resistance is a major cardiovascular risk factor in subjects without diabetes. However, T2D has been considered the most common link between MAFLD/NASH and CVD. This review summarizes the evidence linking obesity with MAFLD, NASH, and CVD, considering the pathophysiological molecular mechanisms involved in these diseases. We also discuss the association of MAFLD and NASH with the development and progression of CVD, including structural and functional cardiac alterations, and pharmacological strategies to treat MAFLD/NASH and cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gutiérrez-Cuevas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University of Guadalajara, CUCS, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.G.-C.); (J.A.-B.); Tel.: +52-331-062-2083 (J.G.-C.); +52-333-677-8741 (J.A.-B.)
| | - Arturo Santos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Juan Armendariz-Borunda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University of Guadalajara, CUCS, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (J.G.-C.); (J.A.-B.); Tel.: +52-331-062-2083 (J.G.-C.); +52-333-677-8741 (J.A.-B.)
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Ghosh AK. Acetyltransferase p300 Is a Putative Epidrug Target for Amelioration of Cellular Aging-Related Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112839. [PMID: 34831061 PMCID: PMC8616404 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of accelerated as well as chronological aging-related human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Genetic, immunologic, unhealthy lifestyles including daily consumption of high-carb/high-fat fast food, lack of exercise, drug addiction, cigarette smoke, alcoholism, and exposure to environmental pollutants like particulate matter (PM)-induced stresses contribute profoundly to accelerated and chronological cardiovascular aging and associated life threatening diseases. All these stressors alter gene expression epigenetically either through activation or repression of gene transcription via alteration of chromatin remodeling enzymes and chromatin landscape by DNA methylation or histone methylation or histone acetylation. Acetyltransferase p300, a major epigenetic writer of acetylation on histones and transcription factors, contributes significantly to modifications of chromatin landscape of genes involved in cellular aging and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, the key findings those implicate acetyltransferase p300 as a major contributor to cellular senescence or aging related cardiovascular pathologies including vascular dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, cardiac fibrosis, systolic/diastolic dysfunction, and aortic valve calcification are discussed. The efficacy of natural or synthetic small molecule inhibitor targeting acetyltransferase p300 in amelioration of stress-induced dysregulated gene expression, cellular aging, and cardiovascular disease in preclinical study is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish K Ghosh
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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88
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Zhang CD, Li D, Kaur RJ, Ebbehoj A, Singh S, Atkinson EJ, Achenbach SJ, Young WF, Arlt W, Rocca WA, Bancos I. Cardiometabolic Outcomes and Mortality in Patients with Adrenal Adenomas in a Population-based Setting. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:3320-3330. [PMID: 34185830 PMCID: PMC8530703 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT While adrenal adenomas have been linked with cardiovascular morbidity in convenience samples of patients from specialized referral centers, large-scale population-based data are lacking. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and incidence of cardiometabolic disease and assess mortality in a population-based cohort of patients with adrenal adenomas. DESIGN Population-based cohort study. SETTING Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA. PATIENTS Patients diagnosed with adrenal adenomas without overt hormone excess and age- and sex-matched referent subjects without adrenal adenomas. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Prevalence, incidence of cardiometabolic outcomes, mortality. RESULTS (Adrenal adenomas were diagnosed in 1004 patients (58% women, median age 63 years) from 1/01/1995 to 12/31/2017. At baseline, patients with adrenal adenomas were more likely to have hypertension [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.96, 95% CI 1.58-2.44], dysglycemia (aOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.33-2.00), peripheral vascular disease (aOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.32-2.06), heart failure (aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.15-2.33), and myocardial infarction (aOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.02-2.22) compared to referent subjects. During median follow-up of 6.8 years, patients with adrenal adenomas were more likely than referent subjects to develop de novo chronic kidney disease [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.46, 95% CI 1.14-1.86], cardiac arrhythmia (aHR 1.31, 95% CI 1.08-1.58), peripheral vascular disease (aHR 1.28, 95% CI 1.05-1.55), cardiovascular events (aHR 1.33, 95% CI 1.01-1.73), and venous thromboembolic events (aHR 2.15, 95% CI 1.48-3.13). Adjusted mortality was similar between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION Adrenal adenomas are associated with an increased prevalence and incidence of adverse cardiometabolic outcomes in a population-based cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine D Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dingfeng Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ravinder Jeet Kaur
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andreas Ebbehoj
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sumitabh Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Atkinson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sara J Achenbach
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - William F Young
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Walter A Rocca
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Women’s Health Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Irina Bancos
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Correspondence: Irina Bancos, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Cosentino RG, Churilla JR, Josephson S, Molle-Rios Z, Hossain MJ, Prado WL, Balagopal PB. Branched-chain Amino Acids and Relationship With Inflammation in Youth With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Intervention Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:3129-3139. [PMID: 34286837 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Elevated concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are strong predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Their association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains uncertain, particularly in youth. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of BCAA and aromatic amino acids (AAA) in obesity, their relationships with novel biomarkers of CVD, and response to a physical activity-based lifestyle intervention (PAL-I) in a randomized controlled study in youth with normal weight (NW) and obesity (OB). METHODS Age (14-18 years) and Tanner stage (≥IV) matched youth (OB, n = 15 and NW, n = 6) were studied; the 15 participants with OB underwent a 3-month randomized controlled PAL-I. Circulating amino acid profile, glucose, insulin, lipids, adiponectin, retinol binding protein-4, fibrinogen, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and 25-hydroxy vitamin-D, along with body composition, were measured at baseline and after PAL-I. Independent t tests, analysis of covariance, and mixed-effect models were used for analysis of the data. RESULTS Compared with NW, the concentration of various amino acids, including BCAA and AAA, were altered in OB (P < 0.05). BCAA and AAA showed baseline correlations with body composition and novel biomarkers of CVD, particularly inflammatory factors (all P < 0.05). The PAL-I produced only negligible effects (P > 0.05) on BCAA and AAA. Glutamine, glycine, and aspartic acid decreased with PAL-I (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The novel finding of the BCAA-inflammation relationship, along with strong correlations with nontraditional biomarkers of CVD, may raise the prospect of BCAA as a biomarker of CVD and evoke a potential link between obesity, T2DM, and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph G Cosentino
- Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - James R Churilla
- Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Samantha Josephson
- Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL 32207, USA
| | - Zarela Molle-Rios
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nemours Children's Health System, Wilmington, DE 19802, USA
| | - Md Jobayer Hossain
- Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health System, Wilmington, DE 19802, USA
| | - Wagner L Prado
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
| | - P Babu Balagopal
- Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL 32207, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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90
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Martínez-González J, Cañes L, Alonso J, Ballester-Servera C, Rodríguez-Sinovas A, Corrales I, Rodríguez C. NR4A3: A Key Nuclear Receptor in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Remodeling, and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111371. [PMID: 34768801 PMCID: PMC8583700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms committed in the activation and response of vascular and inflammatory immune cells play a major role in tissue remodeling in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as atherosclerosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Cardiovascular remodeling entails interrelated cellular processes (proliferation, survival/apoptosis, inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis/degradation, redox homeostasis, etc.) coordinately regulated by a reduced number of transcription factors. Nuclear receptors of the subfamily 4 group A (NR4A) have recently emerged as key master genes in multiple cellular processes and vital functions of different organs, and have been involved in a variety of high-incidence human pathologies including atherosclerosis and other CVDs. This paper reviews the major findings involving NR4A3 (Neuron-derived Orphan Receptor 1, NOR-1) in the cardiovascular remodeling operating in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Martínez-González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.); (J.A.); (C.B.-S.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.-G.); (C.R.); Tel.: +34-93-5565896 (J.M.-G.); +34-93-5565897 (C.R.)
| | - Laia Cañes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.); (J.A.); (C.B.-S.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Alonso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.); (J.A.); (C.B.-S.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Ballester-Servera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.); (J.A.); (C.B.-S.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Sinovas
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Corrales
- Laboratorio de Coagulopatías Congénitas, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), 08005 Barcelona, Spain;
- Medicina Transfusional, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IRHSCSP), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.-G.); (C.R.); Tel.: +34-93-5565896 (J.M.-G.); +34-93-5565897 (C.R.)
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91
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Liu B, Mason AM, Sun L, Di Angelantonio E, Gill D, Burgess S. Genetically Predicted Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Liability, Glycated Hemoglobin and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Wide-Angled Mendelian Randomization Study. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1644. [PMID: 34681038 PMCID: PMC8536164 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Aim: To investigate the causal effects of T2DM liability and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels on various cardiovascular disease outcomes, both in the general population and in non-diabetic individuals specifically. (2) Methods: We selected 243 variants as genetic instruments for T2DM liability and 536 variants for HbA1c. Linear Mendelian randomization analyses were performed to estimate the associations of genetically-predicted T2DM liability and HbA1c with 12 cardiovascular disease outcomes in 367,703 unrelated UK Biobank participants of European ancestries. We performed secondary analyses in participants without diabetes (HbA1c < 6.5% with no diagnosed diabetes), and in participants without diabetes or pre-diabetes (HbA1c < 5.7% with no diagnosed diabetes). (3) Results: Genetically-predicted T2DM liability was positively associated (p < 0.004, 0.05/12) with peripheral vascular disease, aortic valve stenosis, coronary artery disease, heart failure, ischaemic stroke, and any stroke. Genetically-predicted HbA1c was positively associated with coronary artery disease and any stroke. Mendelian randomization estimates generally shifted towards the null when excluding diabetic and pre-diabetic participants from analyses. (4) Conclusions: This genetic evidence supports causal effects of T2DM liability and HbA1c on a range of cardiovascular diseases, suggesting that improving glycaemic control could reduce cardiovascular risk in a general population, with greatest benefit in individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Liu
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (B.L.); (A.M.M.); (L.S.); (E.D.A.)
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Amy M. Mason
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (B.L.); (A.M.M.); (L.S.); (E.D.A.)
| | - Luanluan Sun
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (B.L.); (A.M.M.); (L.S.); (E.D.A.)
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (B.L.); (A.M.M.); (L.S.); (E.D.A.)
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
- Genetics Department, Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Section, Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education and Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
- Clinical Pharmacology Group, Pharmacy and Medicines Directorate, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (B.L.); (A.M.M.); (L.S.); (E.D.A.)
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
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Sahu S, Patil CR, Kumar S, Apparsundaram S, Goyal RK. Role of ACE2-Ang (1-7)-Mas axis in post-COVID-19 complications and its dietary modulation. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 477:225-240. [PMID: 34655418 PMCID: PMC8520076 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (COVID-19) virus uses Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a gateway for their entry into the human body. The ACE2 with cleaved products have emerged as major contributing factors to multiple physiological functions and pathogenic complications leading to the clinical consequences of the COVID-19 infection Decreased ACE2 expression restricts the viral entry into the human cells and reduces the viral load. COVID-19 infection reduces the ACE2 expression and induces post-COVID-19 complications like pneumonia and lung injury. The modulation of the ACE2-Ang (1–7)-Mas (AAM) axis is also being explored as a modality to treat post-COVID-19 complications. Evidence indicates that specific food components may modulate the AAM axis. The variations in the susceptibility to COVID-19 infection and the post-COVID its complications are being correlated with varied dietary habits. Some of the food substances have emerged to have supportive roles in treating post-COVID-19 complications and are being considered as adjuvants to the COVID-19 therapy. It is possible that some of their active ingredients may emerge as the direct treatment for the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santoshi Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPDRU), PushpVihar Sector-3, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - C R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPDRU), PushpVihar Sector-3, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPDRU), PushpVihar Sector-3, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Subbu Apparsundaram
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPDRU), PushpVihar Sector-3, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Ramesh K Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPDRU), PushpVihar Sector-3, New Delhi, 110017, India.
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Knop W, Serwin NM, Cecerska-Heryć E, Grygorcewicz B, Dołęgowska B, Gomółka A, Wiśniewska M, Ciechanowski K. Elevated Levels of Renalase, the β-NAD(P)H Isomerase, Can Be Used as Risk Factors of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Death in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101514. [PMID: 34680147 PMCID: PMC8534055 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Renalase is an enzyme and a cytokine involved in cell survival. Since its discovery, associations between it and both cardiovascular and kidney disease have been noted. Recognizing this, we conducted a study in which we followed patients with chronic kidney disease. Material and methods: The study involved 90 CKD patients with varying stages of the disease and 30 healthy controls. Renalase was measured with an ELISA kit, and patients were followed-up after a median of 18 months. During the follow-up, we asked about the occurrence of MACE, all-cause mortality and the need for dialysis initiation. Results: In CKD subgroups, RNSL correlated with all-cause death only in the HD group (Rs = 0.49, p < 0.01). In the whole CKD population, we found a positive correlation of RNSL concentration and both MACE occurrence (Rs = 0.38, p < 0.001) and all-cause death (Rs = 0.34, p < 0.005). There was a significant increase in MACE occurrence probability in patients with elevated renalase levels (>25 μg/mL). Conclusions: Elevated renalase levels can be used as a risk factor of MACE in patients with CKD, but its long-term utility needs further research. High renalase levels are a risk factor of death among CKD patients. In HD patients, all deaths were observed among patients with >30 μg/mL; this level could be used as a “red flag” marker in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Knop
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (W.K.); (A.G.); (M.W.); (K.C.)
| | - Natalia Maria Serwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.C.-H.); (B.G.); (B.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.C.-H.); (B.G.); (B.D.)
| | - Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.C.-H.); (B.G.); (B.D.)
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.C.-H.); (B.G.); (B.D.)
| | - Aleksandra Gomółka
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (W.K.); (A.G.); (M.W.); (K.C.)
| | - Magda Wiśniewska
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (W.K.); (A.G.); (M.W.); (K.C.)
| | - Kazimierz Ciechanowski
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (W.K.); (A.G.); (M.W.); (K.C.)
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Wang FX, Zhu N, Zhou F, Lin DX. Natural Aporphine Alkaloids with Potential to Impact Metabolic Syndrome. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206117. [PMID: 34684698 PMCID: PMC8540223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of metabolic syndrome has steadily increased worldwide. As a major risk factor for various diseases, metabolic syndrome has come into focus in recent years. Some natural aporphine alkaloids are very promising agents in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome and its components because of their wide variety of biological activities. These natural aporphine alkaloids have protective effects on the different risk factors characterizing metabolic syndrome. In this review, we highlight the activities of bioactive aporphine alkaloids: thaliporphine, boldine, nuciferine, pronuciferine, roemerine, dicentrine, magnoflorine, anonaine, apomorphine, glaucine, predicentrine, isolaureline, xylopine, methylbulbocapnine, and crebanine. We particularly focused on their impact on metabolic syndrome and its components, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, endothelial dysfunction, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia and obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hyperuricemia and kidney damage, erectile dysfunction, central nervous system-related disorder, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. We also discussed the potential mechanisms of actions by aporphine alkaloids in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Xuan Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Nanjing 210019, China; (N.Z.); (F.Z.); (D.-X.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13505140525
| | - Nan Zhu
- Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Nanjing 210019, China; (N.Z.); (F.Z.); (D.-X.L.)
| | - Fan Zhou
- Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Nanjing 210019, China; (N.Z.); (F.Z.); (D.-X.L.)
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Dong-Xiang Lin
- Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Nanjing 210019, China; (N.Z.); (F.Z.); (D.-X.L.)
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95
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Hussain M, Howell JL, Peek MK, Stowe RP, Zawadzki MJ. Psychosocial stressors predict lower cardiovascular disease risk among Mexican-American adults living in a high-risk community: Findings from the Texas City Stress and Health Study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257940. [PMID: 34618834 PMCID: PMC8496861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the link between systemic and general psychosocial stress and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in a group of U.S. Latinos as a function of acculturation and education within the blended guiding conceptual framework of the biopsychosocial model of the stress process plus the reserve capacity model. We analyzed data from self-identifying Mexican-origin adults (n = 396, 56.9% female, Mage = 58.2 years, 55.5% < 12 years of education, 79% U.S.-born) from the Texas City Stress and Health Study. We used established measures of perceived stress (general stress), neighborhood stress and discrimination (systemic stress) to capture psychosocial stress, our primary predictor. We used the atherosclerotic CVD calculator to assess 10-year CVD risk, our primary outcome. This calculator uses demographics, cholesterol, blood pressure, and history of hypertension, smoking, and diabetes to compute CVD risk in the next 10 years. We also created an acculturation index using English-language use, childhood interaction, and preservation of cultural values. Participants reported years of education. Contrary to expectations, findings showed that higher levels of all three forms of psychosocial stress, perceived stress, neighborhood stress, and perceived discrimination, predicted lower 10-year CVD risk. Acculturation and education did not moderate the effects of psychosocial stress on 10-year CVD risk. Contextualized within the biopsychosocial and reserve capacity framework, we interpret our findings such that participants who accurately reported their stressors may have turned to their social networks to handle the stress, thereby reducing their risk for CVD. We highlight the importance of examining strengths within the sociocultural environment when considering cardiovascular inequities among Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hussain
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Howell
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - M. Kristen Peek
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Raymond P. Stowe
- Microgen Laboratories, La Marque, Texas, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Zawadzki
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
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96
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Nyandwi JB, Ko YS, Jin H, Yun SP, Park SW, Kim HJ. Rosmarinic Acid Exhibits a Lipid-Lowering Effect by Modulating the Expression of Reverse Cholesterol Transporters and Lipid Metabolism in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1470. [PMID: 34680102 PMCID: PMC8533102 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a potent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. The reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) process has been shown to alleviate hyperlipidemia and protect against cardiovascular diseases. Recently, rosmarinic acid was reported to exhibit lipid-lowering effects. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. This study aims to investigate whether rosmarinic acid lowers lipids by modulating the RCT process in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic C57BL/6J mice. Our results indicated that rosmarinic acid treatment significantly decreased body weight, blood glucose, and plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in HFD-fed mice. Rosmarinic acid increased the expression levels of cholesterol uptake-associated receptors in liver tissues, including scavenger receptor B type 1 (SR-B1) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R). Furthermore, rosmarinic acid treatment notably increased the expression of cholesterol excretion molecules, ATP-binding cassette G5 (ABCG5) and G8 (ABCG8) transporters, and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase A1 (CYP7A1) as well as markedly reduced cholesterol and triglyceride levels in liver tissues. In addition, rosmarinic acid facilitated fatty acid oxidation through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) induction. In conclusion, rosmarinic acid exhibited a lipid-lowering effect by modulating the expression of RCT-related proteins and lipid metabolism-associated molecules, confirming its potential for the prevention or treatment of hyperlipidemia-derived diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Baptiste Nyandwi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (J.B.N.); (Y.S.K.); (H.J.); (S.P.Y.); (S.W.P.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali 4285, Rwanda
| | - Young Shin Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (J.B.N.); (Y.S.K.); (H.J.); (S.P.Y.); (S.W.P.)
| | - Hana Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (J.B.N.); (Y.S.K.); (H.J.); (S.P.Y.); (S.W.P.)
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (J.B.N.); (Y.S.K.); (H.J.); (S.P.Y.); (S.W.P.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (J.B.N.); (Y.S.K.); (H.J.); (S.P.Y.); (S.W.P.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (J.B.N.); (Y.S.K.); (H.J.); (S.P.Y.); (S.W.P.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
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97
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Ge E, Li Y, Wu S, Candido E, Wei X. Association of pre-existing comorbidities with mortality and disease severity among 167,500 individuals with COVID-19 in Canada: A population-based cohort study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258154. [PMID: 34610047 PMCID: PMC8491945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected 1.9% of the world population by May 2, 2021. Since most previous studies that examined risk factors for mortality and severity were based on hospitalized individuals, population-based cohort studies are called for to provide evidence that can be extrapolated to the general population. Therefore, we aimed to examine the associations of comorbidities with mortality and disease severity in individuals with COVID-19 diagnosed in 2020 in Ontario, Canada. Methods and findings We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all individuals with COVID-19 in Ontario, Canada diagnosed between January 15 and December 31, 2020. Cases were linked to health administrative databases maintained in the ICES which covers all residents in Ontario. The primary outcome is all-cause 30-day mortality after the first COVID-19 diagnosis, and the secondary outcome is a composite severity index containing death and hospitalization. To examine the risk factors for the outcomes, we employed Cox proportional hazards regression models and logistic regression models to adjust for demographic, socio-economic variables and comorbidities. Results were also stratified by age groups. A total of 167,500 individuals were diagnosed of COVID-19 in 2020 and included in the study. About half (43.8%, n = 73,378) had at least one comorbidity. The median follow-up period were 30 days. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (24%, n = 40,154), asthma (16%, n = 26,814), and diabetes (14.7%, n = 24,662). Individuals with comorbidity had higher risk of mortality compared to those without (HR = 2.80, 95%CI 2.35–3.34; p<0.001), and the risk substantially was elevated from 2.14 (95%CI 1.76–2.60) to 4.81 (95%CI 3.95–5.85) times as the number of comorbidities increased from one to five or more. Significant predictors for mortality included comorbidities such as solid organ transplant (HR = 3.06, 95%CI 2.03–4.63; p<0.001), dementia (HR = 1.46, 95%CI 1.35–1.58; p<0.001), chronic kidney disease (HR = 1.45, 95%CI 1.34–1.57; p<0.001), severe mental illness (HR = 1.42, 95%CI%, 1.12–1.80; p<0.001), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (HR = 1.22, 95%CI, 1.15–1.30), diabetes (HR = 1.19, 95%, 1.12–1.26; p<0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (HR = 1.19, 95%CI 1.12–1.26; p<0.001), cancer (HR = 1.17, 95%CI, 1.09–1.27; p<0.001), hypertension (HR = 1.16, 95%CI, 1.07–1.26; p<0.001). Compared to their effect in older age groups, comorbidities were associated with higher risk of mortality and severity in individuals under 50 years old. Individuals with five or more comorbidities in the below 50 years age group had 395.44 (95%CI, 57.93–2699.44, p<0.001) times higher risk of mortality compared to those without. Limitations include that data were collected during 2020 when the new variants of concern were not predominant, and that the ICES databases do not contain detailed individual-level socioeconomic and racial variables. Conclusion We found that solid organ transplant, dementia, chronic kidney disease, severe mental illness, CVD, hypertension, COPD, cancer, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, HIV, and asthma were associated with mortality or severity. Our study highlights that the number of comorbidities was a strong risk factor for deaths and severe outcomes among younger individuals with COVID-19. Our findings suggest that in addition of prioritizing by age, vaccination priority groups should also include younger population with multiple comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjia Ge
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yanhong Li
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shishi Wu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Xiaolin Wei
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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98
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Kvist-Hansen A, Kaiser H, Wang X, Krakauer M, Gørtz PM, McCauley BD, Zachariae C, Becker C, Hansen PR, Skov L. Neutrophil Pathways of Inflammation Characterize the Blood Transcriptomic Signature of Patients with Psoriasis and Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910818. [PMID: 34639156 PMCID: PMC8509817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with psoriasis have an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). The molecular mechanisms behind this connection are not fully understood, but the involvement of neutrophils have drawn attention as a shared inflammatory factor. METHODS RNA sequencing using the Illumina platform was performed on blood from 38 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis; approximately half had prior CVD. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was obtained from blood samples. Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and ultrasound imaging. Transcriptomic analysis for differential expression and functional enrichment were performed, followed by correlation analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), NLR and subclinical measurers of CVD. RESULTS 291 genes were differentially expressed between patients with psoriasis with and without CVD. These included 208 upregulated and 83 downregulated DEGs. Neutrophil degranulation was identified as the most significant process related to the upregulated DEGs. Genes for the neutrophil-associated markers MPO, MMP9, LCN2, CEACAM1, CEACAM6 and CEACAM8 were identified as being of special interest and their mRNA levels correlated with NLR, high-sensitive C-reactive protein and markers of subclinical CVD. CONCLUSIONS Patients with psoriasis and CVD had an increased expression of genes related to neutrophil degranulation in their blood transcriptome compared with patients with psoriasis without CVD. NLR may be a potential biomarker of subclinical CVD in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kvist-Hansen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev and Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark; (H.K.); (C.Z.); (L.S.)
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev and Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark;
- Correspondence:
| | - Hannah Kaiser
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev and Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark; (H.K.); (C.Z.); (L.S.)
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev and Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark;
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (X.W.); (B.D.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Martin Krakauer
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Peter Michael Gørtz
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev and Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark;
| | - Benjamin D. McCauley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (X.W.); (B.D.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Claus Zachariae
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev and Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark; (H.K.); (C.Z.); (L.S.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine Becker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (X.W.); (B.D.M.); (C.B.)
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Peter Riis Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev and Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lone Skov
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev and Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark; (H.K.); (C.Z.); (L.S.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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99
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Motavalli R, Majidi T, Pourlak T, Abediazar S, Shoja MM, Zununi Vahed S, Etemadi J. The clinical significance of the glucocorticoid receptors: Genetics and epigenetics. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 213:105952. [PMID: 34274458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The impacts of glucocorticoids (GCs) are mainly mediated by a nuclear receptor (GR) existing in almost every tissue. The GR regulates a wide range of physiological functions, including inflammation, cell metabolism, and differentiation playing a major role in cellular responses to GCs and stress. Therefore, the dysregulation or disruption of GR can cause deficiencies in the adaptation to stress and the preservation of homeostasis. The number of GR polymorphisms associated with different diseases has been mounting per year. Tackling these clinical complications obliges a comprehensive understanding of the molecular network action of GCs at the level of the GR structure and its signaling pathways. Beyond genetic variation in the GR gene, epigenetic changes can enhance our understanding of causal factors involved in the development of diseases and identifying biomarkers. In this review, we highlight the relationships of GC receptor gene polymorphisms and epigenetics with different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza Motavalli
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Taraneh Majidi
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tala Pourlak
- Department of Pathology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sima Abediazar
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadali M Shoja
- Clinical Academy of Teaching and Learning, Ross University School of Medicine, Miramar, FL, USA
| | | | - Jalal Etemadi
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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100
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Mishra A, Mirzaei H, Guidi N, Vinciguerra M, Mouton A, Linardic M, Rappa F, Barone R, Navarrete G, Wei M, Brandhorst S, Di Biase S, Morgan TE, Ram Kumar S, Conti PS, Pellegrini M, Bernier M, de Cabo R, Longo VD. Fasting-mimicking diet prevents high-fat diet effect on cardiometabolic risk and lifespan. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1342-1356. [PMID: 34650272 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Here, we show that a 5-d fasting-mimicking diet (FMD), administered every 4 weeks for a period of 2 years, ameliorates the detrimental changes caused by consumption of a high-fat, high-calorie diet (HFCD) in female mice. We demonstrate that monthly FMD cycles inhibit HFCD-mediated obesity by reducing the accumulation of visceral and subcutaneous fat without causing loss of lean body mass. FMD cycles increase cardiac vascularity and function and resistance to cardiotoxins, prevent HFCD-dependent hyperglycaemia, hypercholesterolaemia and hyperleptinaemia and ameliorate impaired glucose and insulin tolerance. The effect of monthly FMD cycles on gene expression associated with mitochondrial metabolism and biogenesis in adipocytes and the sustained ketogenesis in HFCD-fed mice indicate a role for fat cell reprogramming in obesity prevention. These effects of an FMD on adiposity and cardiac ageing could explain the protection from HFCD-dependent early mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra Mishra
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Novella Guidi
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alice Mouton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marina Linardic
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Barone
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gerardo Navarrete
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min Wei
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Brandhorst
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stefano Di Biase
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Todd E Morgan
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Ram Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter S Conti
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano, Italy.
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