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Lu K, Chen X, Deng X, Long J, Yan J. Potential Role of Hypothalamic and Plasma Ghrelin in the Feeding Behavior of Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats with Intraventricular Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Intervention. Obes Facts 2021; 14:10-20. [PMID: 33341811 PMCID: PMC7983563 DOI: 10.1159/000509956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of central and peripheral ghrelin during an exendin-4 (Ex-4) intervention to feeding in obese type 2 diabetic rodents. METHODS Animal models of diet-induced obesity (DIO) and type 2 diabetes were developed using male Sprague-Dawley rats fed with a high-fat diet and induced into DIO-streptozotocin diabetic rats. Ex-4 or the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist exendin fragment-[9-39] (Ex-9) was intracerebroventricularly (ICV) administered. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to investigate potential predictors of food intake after Ex-4 administration. RESULTS ICV administration of Ex-4 significantly inhibited feeding and decreased weight, plasma active ghrelin, hypothalamic ghrelin, and gastric ghrelin levels. The changes in hypothalamic ghrelin and plasma ghrelin could predict the amount of 8-h average food intake. Central preadministration of Ex-9 followed by treatment with Ex-4 could inhibit the decrease in feeding at 0.5, 2, and 8 h. It could also inhibit the decrease in hypothalamic ghrelin at 0.5, 2, and 8 h, as well as in plasma and gastric ghrelin at 2 and 8 h. CONCLUSIONS In a GLP-1 receptor-dependent manner, central and peripheral ghrelin play a vital role in the inhibition of feeding by Ex-4 administration. Hypothalamic ghrelin, but not plasma ghrelin, may be involved in central Ex-4 inhibition of feeding in the very early feeding period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Xiaoyan Chen, Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120 (China),
| | - Xuelian Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Long
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- **Jianhua Yan, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Road, Shanghai 201318 (China),
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Basolo A, Ando T, Chang DC, Hollstein T, Krakoff J, Piaggi P, Votruba S. Reduced Albumin Concentration Predicts Weight Gain and Higher Ad Libitum Energy Intake in Humans. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:642568. [PMID: 33776937 PMCID: PMC7991842 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.642568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating albumin is negatively associated with adiposity but whether it is associated with increased energy intake, lower energy expenditure or weight gain has not been examined. METHODS In study 1 (n=238; 146 men), we evaluated whether fasting albumin concentration was associated with 24-h energy expenditure and ad libitum energy intake. In study 2 (n=325;167 men), we evaluated the association between plasma albumin and change in weight and body composition. RESULTS After adjustment for known determinants of energy intake lower plasma albumin concentration was associated with greater total daily energy intake (β= 89.8 kcal/day per 0.1 g/dl difference in plasma albumin, p=0.0047). No associations were observed between plasma albumin concentrations and 24-h energy expenditure or 24-h respiratory quotient (p>0.2). Over 6 years, volunteers gained on average 7.5 ± 11.7 kg (p<0.0001). Lower albumin concentrations were associated with greater weight [β=3.53 kg, p=0.039 (adjusted for age, sex, follow up time), CI 0.16 to 6.21 per 1 g/dl difference albumin concentration] and fat mass (β=2.3 kg, p=0.022), respectively, but not with changes in fat free mass (p=0.06). CONCLUSIONS Lower albumin concentrations were associated with increased ad libitum food intake and weight gain, indicating albumin as a marker of energy intake regulation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, identifiers NCT00340132, NCT00342732.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Basolo
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessio Basolo,
| | - Takafumi Ando
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Douglas C. Chang
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Tim Hollstein
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Susanne Votruba
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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Han L, Li B, Xu X, Liu S, Li Z, Li M, Wang D. Umbilical Cord Blood Adiponectin, Leptin, Insulin, and Ghrelin in Premature Infants and Their Association With Birth Outcomes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:738964. [PMID: 34659122 PMCID: PMC8515017 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.738964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature/low-birth-weight infants are at significant risk of metabolic diseases in adulthood, which may be related to the levels of fetal adipokine. Here, we investigated the differences in the levels of umbilical cord blood adiponectin, leptin, insulin, and ghrelin in preterm and term infants and sought to elucidate the link between these hormones and fetal growth. We also evaluated the interrelationship among these metabolic hormones in both groups of newborns. METHODS A total of 149 mother-infant pairs (100 in the preterm group and 49 in the term group) were enrolled in the study. The preterm group was further subdivided according to birth weight (≤1,500, 1,501-2,000, 2,001-2,500, and >2,500 g), gestational age (<34 vs. ≥34 weeks), and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) vs. small for gestational age (SGA). The general condition of the mothers and the growth parameters of the newborns at birth were recorded. RESULTS The levels of adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin were lower in the preterm group than those in the term group (p < 0.05). In the preterm group, the leptin levels of infants with gestational age ≥34 weeks were significantly higher than those of infants with gestational age <34 weeks (mean ln leptin = 0.63 vs. 0.36 ng/ml, p = 0.009). The levels of adiponectin were lower in the SGA group than those in the AGA group (mean ln adiponectin = 2.26 vs. 2.84 µg/ml, p = 0.001), whereas those of ghrelin displayed the opposite trend (mean ln ghrelin = 6.29 vs. 5.71 pg/ml, p < 0.001). Leptin was significantly correlated with insulin both in preterm infants with birth weight (BW) >2,000 g and in term infants. Umbilical cord blood leptin was positively correlated with the BW, birth length, and head circumference of newborns (r = 0.460, 0.311, and 0.310, respectively, all p < 0.05), whereas ghrelin was negatively correlated with the same parameters (r = -0.372, -0.415, and -0.373, respectively, all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The lack of maturation of adipose tissue and the gastrointestinal tract by the fetus due to prematurity is associated with changes in the levels of cord blood adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin. The dysregulation of these hormones in preterm infants may be a risk factor for fetal growth and future metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyan Han
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shufang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Li, ; Danhua Wang,
| | - Danhua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Li, ; Danhua Wang,
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Daghestani MH, Daghestani MH, Warsy A, El-Ansary A, Omair MA, Omair MA, Hassen LM, Alhumaidhi EMH, Al Qahtani B, Harrath AH. Adverse Effects of Selected Markers on the Metabolic and Endocrine Profiles of Obese Women With and Without PCOS. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:665446. [PMID: 34122339 PMCID: PMC8188979 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.665446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study, is to investigate the influence of obesity, with and without polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), on the levels of kisspeptin, vitamin D (Vit D), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and to explore the relationship between these parameters and endocrine and metabolic variables. The study group included 126 obese Saudi females. Of these 63 were suffering from PCOS while the rest were normo-ovulatory obese women (non-PCOS obese). In the obese PCOS, VEGF was almost four times as high as in the non-PCOS obese, while kisspeptin and Vit D did not differ. A highly significant elevation was recorded in the waist/hip (WHR), cholesterol, LDL-C, fasting glucose, LH, LH/FSH ratio, estradiol (E2), and testosterone, while hip circumference, leptin, progesterone, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were lower in the obese PCOS subjects. BMI, HDL-C, ghrelin, insulin, and FSH levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. The obese PCOS had the same level of insulin resistance as the non-PCOS group, as judged by QUICK Index. Correlation studies showed a significant negative correlation between kisspeptin and glucose and LH levels, and a positive correlation with LH/FSH ratio in obese PCOS while in the non-PCOS obese, the kisspeptin correlated positively with glucose, and there was no correlation with LH or LH/FSH. VEGF negatively correlated with FSH and positively with LH/FSH ratio in the non-PCOS obese but this was lost in the obese PCOS. PCOS had no effect on the correlation between Vit D and all studied parameters. Multiple regression analysis showed triglyceride as predictor variable for kisspeptin as a dependent variable, while, leptin is a predictor variable for VEGF as a dependent variable. ROC studies showed the highest sensitivity and specificity for VEGF (AOC=1.00), followed by LH/FSH ratio (AOC=0.979). In conclusion, our study shows that PCOS results in significant elevation of VEGF in obese females, while kisspeptin and Vit D levels are not affected. It also leads to elevation in several of the lipid and hormonal abnormalities in the obese females. In addition, PCOS influences relationship between Kisspeptin and VEGF and some parameters such as glucose, LH or FSH and LH/FSH ratio in obese females, but does not affect Vit D relationship with other parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazin H. Daghestani
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Medical College, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha H. Daghestani
- Zoology Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arjumand Warsy
- Central Laboratory, Center for Science and Medical Studies for Girls, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Laboratory, Center for Science and Medical Studies for Girls, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Omair
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A. Omair
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lena M. Hassen
- Zoology Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman MH. Alhumaidhi
- Zoology Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashaer Al Qahtani
- Zoology Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Zoology Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Abdel Halim Harrath,
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Miles TK, Silva Moreira AR, Allensworth-James ML, Odle AK, Haney AC, MacNicol AM, MacNicol MC, Childs GV. Sex differences in somatotrope response to fasting: biphasic responses in male mice. J Endocrinol 2020; 247:213-224. [PMID: 33112825 PMCID: PMC7673470 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Anterior pituitary somatotropes are important metabolic sensors responding to leptin by secreting growth hormone (GH). However, reduced leptin signals caused by fasting have not always correlated with reduced serum GH. Reports show that fasting may stimulate or reduce GH secretion, depending on the species. Mechanisms underlying these distinct somatotrope responses to fasting remain unknown. To define the somatotrope response to decreased leptin signaling we examined markers of somatotrope function over different time periods of fasting. Male mice were fasted for 24 and 48 h, with female mice fasted for 24 h compared to fed controls ad libitum. Body weight and serum glucose were reduced in both males and females, but, unexpectedly, serum leptin was reduced only in males. Furthermore, in males, serum GH levels showed a biphasic response with significant reductions at 24 h followed by a significant rise at 48 h, which coincided with the rise in serum ghrelin levels. In contrast, females showed an increase in serum GH at 24 h. We then explored mechanisms underlying the differential somatotrope responses seen in males and observed that pituitary levels of Gh mRNA increased, with no distinction between acute and prolonged fasting. By contrast, the Ghrhr mRNA (encoding GH releasing hormone receptor) and the Ghsr mRNA (encoding the ghrelin receptor) were both greatly increased at prolonged fasting times coincident with increased serum GH. These findings show sex differences in the somatotrope and adipocyte responses to fasting and support an adaptive role for somatotropes in males in response to multiple metabolic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany K Miles
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ana Rita Silva Moreira
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Melody L Allensworth-James
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Angela K Odle
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Anessa C Haney
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Angus M MacNicol
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Melanie C MacNicol
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Gwen V Childs
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Jensen C, Dale HF, Hausken T, Hatlebakk JG, Brønstad I, Lied GA, Hoff DAL. The Effect of Supplementation with Low Doses of a Cod Protein Hydrolysate on Satiety Hormones and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113421. [PMID: 33171589 PMCID: PMC7695186 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterised by metabolic abnormalities that increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Altered levels of circulating ghrelin, several adipokines and inflammatory markers secreted from adipose tissue, such as leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, are observed in overweight and obese individuals. We assessed the effect of supplementation with low doses of a cod protein hydrolysate (CPH) on fasting and postprandial levels of acylated ghrelin, as well as fasting levels of adiponectin, leptin and inflammatory markers in subjects with MetS. A multicentre, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial with a parallel group design was conducted. Subjects received a daily supplement of CPH (4 g protein, n = 15) or placebo (0 g protein, n = 15). We observed no effect on fasting or postprandial levels of acylated ghrelin, fasting levels of adiponectin (p = 0.089) or leptin (p = 0.967) after supplementation with CPH, compared to placebo. Overall, our study showed that 8 weeks supplementation with a low dose of CPH in subjects with MetS had no effect on satiety hormones or most of the inflammatory markers, but the levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were statistically significantly different in the CPH-group compared to placebo group. The robustness and clinical relevance of these findings should be explored in future studies with a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Jensen
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (H.F.D.); (T.H.); (J.G.H.); (G.A.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hanna Fjeldheim Dale
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (H.F.D.); (T.H.); (J.G.H.); (G.A.L.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Trygve Hausken
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (H.F.D.); (T.H.); (J.G.H.); (G.A.L.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
- National Centre of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (H.F.D.); (T.H.); (J.G.H.); (G.A.L.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
- National Centre of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingeborg Brønstad
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
- National Centre of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Gülen Arslan Lied
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (H.F.D.); (T.H.); (J.G.H.); (G.A.L.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
- National Centre of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Dag Arne Lihaug Hoff
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Ålesund Hospital, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, 6026 Ålesund, Norway;
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Gubina NV, Kupnovytska IH, Mishchuk VH, Markiv HD. Ghrelin Levels and Decreased Kidney Function in Patients with Early Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease Against the Background of Obesity. J Med Life 2020; 13:530-535. [PMID: 33456602 PMCID: PMC7803302 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2020-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of kidney damage in obese patients is due to the increasing incidence of nephropathies associated with metabolic disorders, their predisposition to a progressive course of the disease, and the need to optimize early disease detection. The purpose of our work is to study the level of cystatin C, ghrelin, and their interrelation in patients with early stages (I-II) of chronic kidney disease (CKD) against the background of obesity. The indicators of daily microalbuminuria in patients of both groups were studied, and it was found that in patients with stage 2 CKD with obesity, it was 1.2 times higher than in patients with stage 1 CKD with obesity. Patients of the second group revealed a direct middle correlation between daily albuminuria and body mass index (BMI), which indicates deterioration in the functional state of the kidneys against the background of obesity. We obtained an increase in the serum concentration of cystatin C in stage 2 CKD with obesity, reflecting the state of glomerular filtration and the degree of renal function decrease. Correlation analysis showed a positive relation of cystatin C with increased urinary albumin excretion in both groups, plasma creatinine content, BMI, and age. Simultaneously with the increase in the level of cystatin C and the decrease in the glomerular filtration rate, there was an increase in ghrelin levels in stage 2 CKD and the progression of obesity, while such dependence was not seen in stage 1 CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Vasylivna Gubina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University of Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Ivano-Frankivsk City, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Hryhorivna Kupnovytska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University of Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Ivano-Frankivsk City, Ukraine
| | - Vasyl Hryhorovych Mishchuk
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University of Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Ivano-Frankivsk City, Ukraine
| | - Halyna Dmytrivna Markiv
- Communal Non-profit Enterprise “Central City Clinical Hospital” of Ivano-Frankivsk City Council, Ivano-Frankivsk City, Ukraine
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Shang L, Wang Y, Ren Y, Ai T, Zhou P, Hu L, Wang L, Li J, Li B. In vitro gastric emptying characteristics of konjac glucomannan with different viscosity and its effects on appetite regulation. Food Funct 2020; 11:7596-7610. [PMID: 32869813 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01104e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is associated with the satiety-enhancing property by imparting the food matrix with high viscosity. In the present study, rheology tests on KGM sol with different viscosities were conducted to understand its flow behavior as they presented in the mouth and stomach, and the in vitro gastric emptying characteristics of KGM were examined with a human gastric simulator. Then, their effects on subjective appetite, glycemia, and appetite-related hormones (insulin, GLP-1, PYY3-36, CCK-8, ghrelin) response were investigated by conducting a randomized, single-blind, crossover trial in 22 healthy adults (11 female and 11 male, mean age (years): 23.2 ± 2.0, BMI (kg m-2): 20.6 ± 2.1). The blood samples and ratings for subjective appetite were collected at regular time intervals after the subjects were fed with four test breakfasts (one control treatment and three experimental treatments) on four different days. An ad libitum lunch was provided to the subjects once they consumed the breakfasts and their food intake was recorded. As the viscosity increased, the gastric emptying rate was delayed despite a large part of the chyme viscosity lost during digestion. The satiating capacity of the test breakfast was significantly enhanced as its viscosity increased, the and subjects' sensation for hunger, fullness, desire-to-eat, and prospective food consumption differed significantly (p = 0.006, 0.000, 0.002, and 0.001, respectively) between the treatments. The secretion of glycemia and satiety-related hormones were beneficially modulated by the increased viscosity of the test meal but a small decrease in the ad libitum food intake was observed after the intervention of the viscous test breakfasts. Overall, elevating the meal viscosity moderately by using KGM could contribute to combating the challenge of hunger for people in the bodyweight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longchen Shang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. and Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. and Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yanyan Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. and Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Tingyang Ai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. and Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Peiyuan Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. and Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Ling Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. and Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. and Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. and Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. and Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, China
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Camara A, Verbrugghe A, Cargo-Froom C, Hogan K, DeVries TJ, Sanchez A, Robinson LE, Shoveller AK. The daytime feeding frequency affects appetite-regulating hormones, amino acids, physical activity, and respiratory quotient, but not energy expenditure, in adult cats fed regimens for 21 days. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238522. [PMID: 32946478 PMCID: PMC7500645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of feeding frequency on postprandial response of circulating appetite-regulating hormones, insulin, glucose and amino acids, and on physical activity, energy expenditure, and respiratory quotient were studied in healthy adult cats. Two experiments were designed as a 2 x 3 replicated incomplete Latin square design. Eight cats, with an average body weight (BW) of 4.34 kg ± 0.04 and body condition score (BCS) of 5.4 ± 1.4 (9 point scale), were fed isocaloric amounts of a commercial adult maintenance canned cat food either once (0800 h) or four times daily (0800 h, 1130 h, 1500 h, 1830 h). Study 1 consisted of three 21-d periods. On day 14, two fasted and 11 postprandial blood samples were collected over 24 hours to measure plasma concentrations of ghrelin, GLP-1, GIP, leptin, PYY, insulin and amino acids, and whole blood glucose. Physical activity was monitored from day 15 to 21 of each period. In Study 2 indirect calorimetry was performed on the last day of each period. Body weight was measured weekly and feed intake recorded daily in both experiments. No effect of feeding regimen on BW was detected. Cats eating four times daily had lesser plasma concentrations of GIP and GLP-1 (P<0.05) and tended to have lesser plasma PYY concentrations (P<0.1). Plasma leptin and whole blood glucose concentrations did not differ between regimens (P>0.1). Cats fed once daily had a greater postprandial plasma amino acid response, and greater plasma ghrelin and insulin concentrations (P<0.05). Physical activity was greater in cats fed four times (P<0.05), though energy expenditure was similar between treatments at fasting and in postprandial phases. Finally, cats eating one meal had a lower fasting respiratory quotient (P<0.05). Overall, these data indicate that feeding once a day may be a beneficial feeding management strategy for indoor cats to promote satiation and lean body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Camara
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adronie Verbrugghe
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cara Cargo-Froom
- Centre for Nutrition Modelling, Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kylie Hogan
- Centre for Nutrition Modelling, Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor J. DeVries
- Centre for Nutrition Modelling, Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Sanchez
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsay E. Robinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna K. Shoveller
- Centre for Nutrition Modelling, Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Tolchennikova VV, Nikolskaya KA, Kondashevskaya MV. "Behavior" of the Hormonal Ensemble through the Prism of Cluster Analysis. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 169:531-534. [PMID: 32910384 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The serum hormone concentrations were studied in a group of male F1 (C57BL/6×DBA/2) mice in different states of food activity (satiety, 24-h food deprivation, and cognitive load against the background of food deprivation). The hormonal response depended on food activity: the content of leptin, triiodothyronine, and testosterone decreased in hungry animals, while during cognitive load (learning), we observed a decrease in the concentrations of ghrelin, leptin, thyroxine, and testosterone. The exceptions were neuropeptide Y (its concentration increased in hungry animals) and corticosterone (its level remained unchanged). The use of hierarchical cluster analysis allowed identifying functional organization of the relationships within the hormonal ensemble that underwent plastic changes depending on the state of the organism. It was shown that the hormonal ensemble was system-organized in the form of a "core" that determines stability of the system and the "field", within which functional interactions of the hormones are preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M V Kondashevskaya
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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61
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Polak AM, Krentowska A, Łebkowska A, Buczyńska A, Adamski M, Adamska-Patruno E, Fiedorczuk J, Krętowski AJ, Kowalska I, Adamska A. The Association of Serum Levels of Leptin and Ghrelin with the Dietary Fat Content in Non-Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092753. [PMID: 32927680 PMCID: PMC7551083 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at an increased risk of developing insulin resistance and abdominal obesity in the state of an improper diet balance. Leptin is a peptide considered to be a satiety hormone that plays an important role in the long-term energy balance, whereas ghrelin is a hormone that controls short-term appetite regulation and is considered a hunger hormone. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between serum leptin and ghrelin concentrations and the dietary macronutrient content in PCOS women. We examined 73 subjects: 39 women diagnosed with PCOS by the Rotterdam criteria and 34 healthy controls, matched by the body mass index. The subjects completed a consecutive three-day dietary diary to identify the macronutrient and micronutrient intake. Serum concentrations of leptin and total ghrelin were measured and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The studied groups did not differ significantly in terms of the intake of macronutrients (proteins, fats, and carbohydrates) and serum concentrations of ghrelin and leptin (all p > 0.05). In the PCOS group, the serum leptin concentration positively correlated with the intake of total fat (r = 0.36, p = 0.02), total cholesterol (r = −0.36, p = 0.02), saturated fatty acids (r = 0.43, p < 0.01), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (r = 0.37, p = 0.02), whereas the serum ghrelin concentration correlated in an inverse manner with the intake of total fat (r = −0.37, p = 0.02), MUFA (r = −0.37, p = 0.02), polyunsaturated fatty acids (r = −0.34, p = 0.03), and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (r = −0.38, p = 0.02). In this group, we also found a negative association of HOMA-IR with serum ghrelin levels (r = −0.4, p = 0.03) and a positive relationship with the serum leptin concentration (r = 0.5, p < 0.01) and relationships between HOMA-IR and total dietary fat (r = 0.38, p = 0.03) and MUFA (r = 0.35, p = 0.04) intake. In PCOS women, dietary components such as the total fat and type of dietary fat and HOMA-IR are positively connected to serum leptin concentrations and negatively connected to serum ghrelin concentrations, which may influence the energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Maria Polak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (A.M.P.); (A.K.); (A.Ł.); (I.K.)
| | - Anna Krentowska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (A.M.P.); (A.K.); (A.Ł.); (I.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Łebkowska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (A.M.P.); (A.K.); (A.Ł.); (I.K.)
| | - Angelika Buczyńska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (A.B.); (A.J.K.)
| | - Marcin Adamski
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Edyta Adamska-Patruno
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (E.A.-P.); (J.F.)
| | - Joanna Fiedorczuk
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (E.A.-P.); (J.F.)
| | - Adam Jacek Krętowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (A.B.); (A.J.K.)
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (E.A.-P.); (J.F.)
| | - Irina Kowalska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (A.M.P.); (A.K.); (A.Ł.); (I.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Adamska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (A.B.); (A.J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-746-8660; Fax: +48-85-744-7611
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Breithaupt L, Chunga-Iturry N, Lyall AE, Cetin-Karayumak S, Becker KR, Thomas JJ, Slattery M, Makris N, Plessow F, Pasternak O, Holsen LM, Kubicki M, Misra M, Lawson EA, Eddy KT. Developmental stage-dependent relationships between ghrelin levels and hippocampal white matter connections in low-weight anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 119:104722. [PMID: 32512249 PMCID: PMC8629489 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disruptions in homeostatic and hedonic food motivation are proposed to underlie anorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical AN, restrictive eating disorders which commonly onset in puberty. Ghrelin, a neuroprotective hormone that drives hedonic eating is increased in AN and is expressed in the hippocampus. White matter (WM) undergoes significant change during puberty in regions involved in food motivation, particularly WM tracts connected with the hippocampus. The association between ghrelin and WM region of interest (ROI) with hippocampal connections in restrictive eating disorders, particularly in adolescence during key neurodevelopmental growth, is unknown. METHODS We evaluated fasting plasma ghrelin and WM microstructure (measured by free-water corrected fractional anisotropy (FA-t)) in WM ROIs with hippocampal connections - the fornix and the hippocampal portion of the cingulum - in 56 adolescent females (age range: 11.9 - 22.1 y; mean: 19.0 y) with low-weight eating disorders including AN and atypical AN (N = 36) and healthy controls (N = 20). RESULTS FA-t in the fornix or hippocampal portion of the fornix did not differ between groups. Ghrelin was higher in AN/atypical AN vs. HC and was positively correlated with puberty stage in the AN/atypical AN group, but not the HC group. The correlation between ghrelin and FA-t in the fornix was significantly different in females with AN/atypical AN compared to controls. In AN/atypical AN, pubertal stage moderated the relation between fasting plasma ghrelin and FA-t in the fornix: higher fasting ghrelin was associated with lower FA-t in the fornix in late-post-puberty, but was not associated with FA-t in the early to mid stages of puberty. CONCLUSIONS In post-pubertal females with low-weight AN/atypical AN, higher levels of ghrelin are associated with lower FA-t in the fornix. This relationship is not evident in the early to mid stages of puberty in AN/atypical AN or in HC, and may reflect a lack of possible neuroprotective effects of ghrelin in late-post puberty only. Understanding the effects of ghrelin on WM microstructure longitudinally and following recovery from AN/Atypical AN and how this differs across pubertal stages will be an important next step. These findings could ultimately inform treatment staging and aid in diagnosis and detection of AN/atypical AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Breithaupt
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Natalia Chunga-Iturry
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Amanda E Lyall
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Suheyla Cetin-Karayumak
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Kendra R Becker
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer J Thomas
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meghan Slattery
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikos Makris
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States of America; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Franziska Plessow
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura M Holsen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States of America; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madhusmita Misra
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Lawson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kamryn T Eddy
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Cioffi I, Gambino R, Rosato R, Properzi B, Regaldo G, Ponzo V, Pellegrini M, Contaldo F, Pasanisi F, Ghigo E, Bo S. Acute assessment of subjective appetite and implicated hormones after a hypnosis-induced hallucinated meal: a randomized cross-over pilot trial. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2020; 21:411-420. [PMID: 32418064 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of hypnosis can generate hallucinatory phenomena, which ranged from vivid/auditory imagery to fully developed "hallucinations" in selected people. The aim of this pilot trial was investigating the acute effects of a hypnosis-induced hallucinated breakfast (HB) compared to those of a real breakfast (RB) on subjective appetite and appetite-regulating hormones in highly hypnotizable individuals. Eight healthy post-menopausal women were recruited to consume two meals: the HB and the RB in a randomized crossover design. Participants underwent appetite sensations measurements (before meal and each 30-min until 270-min) and blood sample collection (at 0, 20, 60, 90, 180-min). A 3-day food-record was filled after each meal. The adjusted repeated measures ANCOVA did not show any meal×time interactions on subjective appetite postprandially. As expected, significantly higher glucose (p < 0.001), insulin (p < 0.001), and lower free fatty acid (p < 0.001) concentrations were found after the RB, but not following HB. Furthermore, RB significantly increased postprandial levels of glucagon-like-peptide-1 and peptide-YY at 20, 60, 90 and 180-min, whereas acylated-ghrelin and leptin levels did not differ. Postprandial neuropeptide-Y and orexin-A values significantly increased at different time-points after RB, but not following HB, while α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone levels enhanced after HB only. Energy intakes were significantly lower after HB on the test-day only (HB = 1146.6 ± 343.8 vs RB = 1634.7 ± 274.2 kcal/d; p = 0.003). Appetite sensation might be modulated by fully developed meal "hallucination" induced by hypnosis, likely affecting brain-peptides implicated in the appetite regulation. However, further studies are needed to verify these results obtained in a highly selected group of individuals. NCT03934580.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda Cioffi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosalba Rosato
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Bice Properzi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Ponzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Marianna Pellegrini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Franco Contaldo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pasanisi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Ezio Ghigo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Bo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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Thackray AE, Willis SA, Clayton DJ, Broom DR, Finlayson G, Goltz FR, Sargeant JA, Woods RM, Stensel DJ, King JA. Influence of Short-Term Hyperenergetic, High-Fat Feeding on Appetite, Appetite-Related Hormones, and Food Reward in Healthy Men. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092635. [PMID: 32872401 PMCID: PMC7551053 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term overfeeding may provoke compensatory appetite responses to correct the energy surplus. However, the initial time-course of appetite, appetite-related hormone, and reward-related responses to hyperenergetic, high-fat diets (HE-HFD) are poorly characterised. Twelve young healthy men consumed a HE-HFD (+50% energy, 65% fat) or control diet (36% fat) for seven days in a randomised crossover design. Mean appetite perceptions were determined during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after each diet. Fasted appetite perceptions, appetite-related hormones, and reward parameters were measured pre-diet and after 1-, 3- and 7-days of each diet. The HE-HFD induced a pre-to-post diet suppression in mean appetite during the OGTT (all ratings p ≤ 0.058, effect size (d) ≥ 0.31), and reduced the preference for high-fat vs. low-fat foods (main effect diet p = 0.036, d = 0.32). Fasted leptin was higher in the HE-HFD than control diet (main effect diet p < 0.001, d = 0.30), whilst a diet-by-time interaction (p = 0.036) revealed fasted acylated ghrelin was reduced after 1-, 3- and 7-days of the HE-HFD (all p ≤ 0.040, d ≥ 0.50 vs. pre-diet). Appetite perceptions and total peptide YY in the fasted state exhibited similar temporal patterns between the diets (diet-by-time interaction p ≥ 0.077). Seven days of high-fat overfeeding provokes modest compensatory changes in subjective, hormonal, and reward-related appetite parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E. Thackray
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE1 3TU, UK; (A.E.T.); (S.A.W.); (F.R.G.); (D.J.S.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Scott A. Willis
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE1 3TU, UK; (A.E.T.); (S.A.W.); (F.R.G.); (D.J.S.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - David J. Clayton
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 8NS, UK;
| | - David R. Broom
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2DS, UK;
| | - Graham Finlayson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Fernanda R. Goltz
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE1 3TU, UK; (A.E.T.); (S.A.W.); (F.R.G.); (D.J.S.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Jack A. Sargeant
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK;
| | | | - David J. Stensel
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE1 3TU, UK; (A.E.T.); (S.A.W.); (F.R.G.); (D.J.S.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - James A. King
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE1 3TU, UK; (A.E.T.); (S.A.W.); (F.R.G.); (D.J.S.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-1509-228457
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65
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Adamczewska K, Adamczewski Z, Łupińska A, Lewiński A, Stawerska R. Strong Positive Correlation between TSH and Ghrelin in Euthyroid Non-Growth Hormone-Deficient Children with Short Stature. Molecules 2020; 25:E3912. [PMID: 32867237 PMCID: PMC7503826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth processes in children depend on the proper functioning of some hormones and growth factors. Recently, a positive correlation between ghrelin and TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) in patients with hyper- and hypothyroidism was proved. Moreover, in hypothyroid rats with high ghrelin concentration, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) secretion was suppressed. We analyzed these relationships in euthyroid prepubertal children with idiopathic short stature (ISS). The analysis comprised concentration of ghrelin, GH in stimulating tests and during the night, as well as IGF-I, TSH, free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) in 85 children with ISS (36 girls, 49 boys) aged 9.65 ± 3.02 years (mean ± SD). A strong positive correlation between ghrelin and TSH was confirmed (r = +0.44, p < 0.05). A higher ghrelin but lower nocturnal GH and lower IGF-I were observed in children with higher normal TSH concentration than those in children with lower normal TSH. Interestingly, alterations of TSH level were without any impact on FT4 and FT3 concentrations. Summing up, in ISS prepubertal euthyroid children, ghrelin and TSH secretion are closely related. On the other hand, the higher the TSH, the lower the nocturnal GH and IGF-I levels. The contribution of the above findings in deterioration of growth processes requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Adamczewska
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (K.A.); (Z.A.); (A.Ł.); (A.L.)
| | - Zbigniew Adamczewski
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (K.A.); (Z.A.); (A.Ł.); (A.L.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Łupińska
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (K.A.); (Z.A.); (A.Ł.); (A.L.)
| | - Andrzej Lewiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (K.A.); (Z.A.); (A.Ł.); (A.L.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Stawerska
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (K.A.); (Z.A.); (A.Ł.); (A.L.)
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
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Malik MO, Shah M, Irfan ul Akbar Yousufzai M, Ullah N, Burgess JA, Goosens KA. Association of Acyl-Ghrelin With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adolescents Who Experienced Severe Trauma. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2013946. [PMID: 32816030 PMCID: PMC7441359 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examines acyl-ghrelin levels in Pakistani adolescents who experienced severe trauma and have posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared with adolescents who have not experienced severe trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Omar Malik
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Shah
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Najeeb Ullah
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - JoColl A. Burgess
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ki Ann Goosens
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Navarro JA, Decara J, Medina-Vera D, Tovar R, Suarez J, Pavón J, Serrano A, Vida M, Gutierrez-Adan A, Sanjuan C, Baixeras E, de Fonseca FR. D-Pinitol from Ceratonia siliqua Is an Orally Active Natural Inositol That Reduces Pancreas Insulin Secretion and Increases Circulating Ghrelin Levels in Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072030. [PMID: 32650579 PMCID: PMC7400942 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize the metabolic actions of D-Pinitol, a dietary inositol, in male Wistar rats, we analyzed its oral pharmacokinetics and its effects on (a) the secretion of hormones regulating metabolism (insulin, glucagon, IGF-1, ghrelin, leptin and adiponectin), (b) insulin signaling in the liver and (c) the expression of glycolytic and neoglucogenesis enzymes. Oral D-Pinitol administration (100 or 500 mg/Kg) resulted in its rapid absorption and distribution to plasma and liver compartments. Its administration reduced insulinemia and HOMA-IR, while maintaining glycaemia thanks to increased glucagon activity. In the liver, D-Pinitol reduced the key glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase and decreased the phosphorylation of the enzymes AKT and GSK-3. These observations were associated with an increase in ghrelin concentrations, a known inhibitor of insulin secretion. The profile of D-Pinitol suggests its potential use as a pancreatic protector decreasing insulin secretion through ghrelin upregulation, while sustaining glycaemia through the liver-based mechanisms of glycolysis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Navarro
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto IBIMA de Málaga, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.N.); (J.D.); (D.M.-V.); (R.T.); (J.S.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (M.V.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Decara
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto IBIMA de Málaga, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.N.); (J.D.); (D.M.-V.); (R.T.); (J.S.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (M.V.)
| | - Dina Medina-Vera
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto IBIMA de Málaga, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.N.); (J.D.); (D.M.-V.); (R.T.); (J.S.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (M.V.)
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Rubén Tovar
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto IBIMA de Málaga, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.N.); (J.D.); (D.M.-V.); (R.T.); (J.S.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (M.V.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Suarez
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto IBIMA de Málaga, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.N.); (J.D.); (D.M.-V.); (R.T.); (J.S.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (M.V.)
| | - Javier Pavón
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto IBIMA de Málaga, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.N.); (J.D.); (D.M.-V.); (R.T.); (J.S.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (M.V.)
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto IBIMA de Málaga, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.N.); (J.D.); (D.M.-V.); (R.T.); (J.S.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (M.V.)
| | - Margarita Vida
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto IBIMA de Málaga, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.N.); (J.D.); (D.M.-V.); (R.T.); (J.S.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (M.V.)
| | - Alfonso Gutierrez-Adan
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carlos Sanjuan
- Euronutra S.L. Calle Johannes Kepler, 3, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (E.B.); (F.R.d.F.); Tel.: +34-655-373-093 (E.B.); +34-669-426-548 (F.R.d.F.)
| | - Elena Baixeras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (E.B.); (F.R.d.F.); Tel.: +34-655-373-093 (E.B.); +34-669-426-548 (F.R.d.F.)
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto IBIMA de Málaga, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.N.); (J.D.); (D.M.-V.); (R.T.); (J.S.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (E.B.); (F.R.d.F.); Tel.: +34-655-373-093 (E.B.); +34-669-426-548 (F.R.d.F.)
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DeBenedictis JN, Nymo S, Ollestad KH, Boyesen GA, Rehfeld JF, Holst JJ, Truby H, Kulseng B, Martins C. Changes in the Homeostatic Appetite System After Weight Loss Reflect a Normalization Toward a Lower Body Weight. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5821263. [PMID: 32301981 PMCID: PMC7250208 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare appetite markers in reduced-obese individuals with a nonobese control group. METHODS A total of 34 adults with obesity who lost 17% body weight at week 13 and maintained this weight loss (WL) at 1 year were compared with 33 nonobese controls matched for body composition. Basal and postprandial subjective appetite ratings and appetite-related hormone concentrations (ghrelin, total peptide YY, peptide YY3-36, total and active glucagon-like peptide 1, and cholecystokinin) were measured in all participants and repeated at week 13 and 1 year in the weight-reduced group. RESULTS WL led to a reduction in prospective food consumption and an increase in feelings of hunger, fullness, and ghrelin secretion (basal and postprandial), but these new ratings were no different from those seen in controls. Postprandial concentrations of active glucagon-like peptide 1, total peptide YY, and cholecystokinin were lower in individuals with obesity at all time points compared with controls. CONCLUSION The increased drive to eat (both subjective feelings of hunger and ghrelin concentrations) seen in reduced-obese individuals, both after acute and sustained WL, reflects a normalization toward a lower body weight. Overall, WL does not have a sustained negative impact on satiety peptide secretion, despite a blunted secretion in individuals with obesity compared with nonobese controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Nicole DeBenedictis
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siren Nymo
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Clinic of Surgery, Namsos Hospital, Norway
| | - Karoline Haagensli Ollestad
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guro Akersveen Boyesen
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jens Frederik Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation, Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helen Truby
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bard Kulseng
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Catia Martins
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Catia Martins, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Forsyningssenteret, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 5, 7030 Trondheim, Norway. E-mail:
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Lindqvist A, Shcherbina L, Prasad RB, Miskelly MG, Abels M, Martínez-Lopéz JA, Fred RG, Nergård BJ, Hedenbro J, Groop L, Hjerling-Leffler J, Wierup N. Ghrelin suppresses insulin secretion in human islets and type 2 diabetes patients have diminished islet ghrelin cell number and lower plasma ghrelin levels. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 511:110835. [PMID: 32371087 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It is not known how ghrelin affects insulin secretion in human islets from patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) or whether islet ghrelin expression or circulating ghrelin levels are altered in T2D. Here we sought out to identify the effect of ghrelin on insulin secretion in human islets and the impact of T2D on circulating ghrelin levels and on islet ghrelin cells. The effect of ghrelin on insulin secretion was assessed in human T2D and non-T2D islets. Ghrelin expression was assessed with RNA-sequencing (n = 191) and immunohistochemistry (n = 21). Plasma ghrelin was measured with ELISA in 40 T2D and 40 non-T2D subjects. Ghrelin exerted a glucose-dependent insulin-suppressing effect in islets from both T2D and non-T2D donors. Compared with non-T2D donors, T2D donors had reduced ghrelin mRNA expression and 75% less islet ghrelin cells, and ghrelin mRNA expression correlated negatively with HbA1c. T2D subjects had 25% lower fasting plasma ghrelin levels than matched controls. Thus, ghrelin has direct insulin-suppressing effects in human islets and T2D patients have lower fasting ghrelin levels, likely as a result of reduced number of islet ghrelin cells. These findings support inhibition of ghrelin signaling as a potential therapeutic avenue for stimulation of insulin secretion in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lindqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - L Shcherbina
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - R B Prasad
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M G Miskelly
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Abels
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J A Martínez-Lopéz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R G Fred
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - J Hedenbro
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Aleris Obesitas, Lund, Sweden
| | - L Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Hjerling-Leffler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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Duszka K, Gregor A, Reichel MW, Baierl A, Fahrngruber C, König J. Visual stimulation with food pictures in the regulation of hunger hormones and nutrient deposition, a potential contributor to the obesity crisis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232099. [PMID: 32330183 PMCID: PMC7182185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Food cues affect hunger and nutritional choices. Omnipresent stimulation with palatable food contributes to the epidemics of obesity. The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of food cues on appetite-related hormones and to assess the functionality of the secreted hormones on macronutrient uptake in healthy subjects. Additionally, we aimed at verifying differences in the response of total and active ghrelin to stimulation with food pictures and to a meal followed by the stimulation. We were also interested in the identification of factors contributing to response to food cues. We recruited healthy, non-obese participants for two independent cross-over studies. During the first study, the subjects were presented random non-food pictures on the first day and pictures of foods on the second day of the study. Throughout the second study, following the picture session, the participants were additionally asked to drink a milkshake. Concentrations of blood glucose, triglycerides and hunger-related hormones were measured. The results showed that concentrations of several hormones measured in the blood are interdependent. In the case of ghrelin and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) as well as ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), this co-occurrence relies on the visual cues. Regulation of total ghrelin concentration following food stimulation is highly individual and responders showed upregulated total ghrelin, while the concentration of active ghrelin decreases following a meal. Protein content and colour intensity of food pictures reversely correlated with participants’ rating of the pictures. We conclude that observation of food pictures influences the concentration of several appetite-related hormones. The close link of visual clues to physiological responses is likely of clinical relevance. Additionally, the protein content of displayed foods and green colour intensity in pictures may serve as a predictor of subjective attractiveness of the presented meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Duszka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - András Gregor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Andreas Baierl
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jürgen König
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Hernández Morante JJ, Díaz Soler I, Muñoz JSG, Sánchez HP, Barberá Ortega MDC, Martínez CM, Morillas Ruiz JM. Moderate Weight Loss Modifies Leptin and Ghrelin Synthesis Rhythms but Not the Subjective Sensations of Appetite in Obesity Patients. Nutrients 2020; 12:E916. [PMID: 32230732 PMCID: PMC7230904 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by a resistance to appetite-regulating hormones, leading to a misalignment between the physiological signals and the perceived hunger/satiety signal. A disruption of the synthesis rhythm may explain this situation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary-induced weight loss on the daily rhythms of leptin and ghrelin and its influence on the daily variability of the appetite sensations of patients with obesity. Twenty subjects with obesity underwent a hypocaloric dietary intervention for 12 weeks. Plasma leptin and ghrelin were analyzed at baseline and at the end of the intervention and in 13 normal-weight controls. Appetite ratings were analyzed. Weight loss decreased leptin synthesis (pauc < 0.001) but not the rhythm characteristics, except the mean variability value (pmesor = 0.020). By contrast, the mean ghrelin level increased after weight loss. The rhythm characteristics were also modified until a rhythm similar to the normal-weight subjects was reached. The amount of variability of leptin and ghrelin was correlated with the effectiveness of the dietary intervention (p < 0.020 and p < 0.001, respectively). Losing weight partially restores the daily rhythms of leptin and modifies the ghrelin rhythms, but appetite sensations are barely modified, thus confirming that these hormones cannot exercise their physiological function properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Hernández Morante
- Eating Disorders Research Unit, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (I.D.S.); (M.d.C.B.O.)
| | - Inmaculada Díaz Soler
- Eating Disorders Research Unit, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (I.D.S.); (M.d.C.B.O.)
| | | | - Horacio Pérez Sánchez
- Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Mª del Carmen Barberá Ortega
- Eating Disorders Research Unit, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (I.D.S.); (M.d.C.B.O.)
| | | | - Juana Mª Morillas Ruiz
- Food Technology & Nutrition Dept., Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain;
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Al-Ayed MS, Al-Shaibari KS, Alshehri D, Alzahrani MJ, Nasser I, Alaamri HS, Alaseeri WA, Mahfouz AA, Alsareii SA, Asaad AM, Magzoub A, Qureshi MA, Elagab E, Hassan EE, Shalayel MHF. Serum Ghrelin Levels in Saudi Obese Asthmatic School-Children-Correlation with Interleukin-4, Interleukin-5, and Interleukin-21. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17051656. [PMID: 32143340 PMCID: PMC7084446 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a peptide hormone with direct or indirect effects on obesity and asthma. More data are required to understand the effect of ghrelin on the control and pathogenesis of these diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate ghrelin levels in selected groups of children to identify the association between serum ghrelin, obesity, and the severity of asthma. The study included 401 school children selected from the Najran area and grouped into non-obese asthmatics, obese asthmatics, obese non-asthmatics and controls (non-obese non-asthmatics). Blood levels of ghrelin, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-21 were determined by ELISA. The mean ghrelin values were insignificantly increased in obese children compared with non-obese children. The highest blood ghrelin values were in the non-obese asthmatic group. Serum ghrelin, IL-4 and IL-21 levels were significantly increased in asthmatic children compared with non-asthmatic children (p < 0.05), and there were significant positive correlations between ghrelin and IL-4, IL-5, and IL-21 in asthmatic children. Furthermore, ghrelin, IL-4, and IL-21 levels were significantly higher in uncontrolled asthmatics compared with controlled-asthmatic children (p < 0.05). Asthma was the only significant risk factor for high ghrelin values. This study provides evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory role of ghrelin in the pathogenesis of asthma. Asthma might be considered as an important determinant of high ghrelin values in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Saeed Al-Ayed
- Departments of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.-A.); (K.S.A.-S.); (D.A.); (M.J.A.); (I.N.)
| | - Khaled Sadeq Al-Shaibari
- Departments of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.-A.); (K.S.A.-S.); (D.A.); (M.J.A.); (I.N.)
| | - Dhafer Alshehri
- Departments of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.-A.); (K.S.A.-S.); (D.A.); (M.J.A.); (I.N.)
| | - Mohammed Jamaan Alzahrani
- Departments of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.-A.); (K.S.A.-S.); (D.A.); (M.J.A.); (I.N.)
| | - Iman Nasser
- Departments of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.-A.); (K.S.A.-S.); (D.A.); (M.J.A.); (I.N.)
| | | | | | - Ahmed A. Mahfouz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saeed Ali Alsareii
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed Morad Asaad
- Department of Microbiology, Zagazig University, Ash Sharqiyah 44519, Egypt;
| | - Aamir Magzoub
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Ansar Qureshi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ehab Elagab
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Elhashimi Eltayb Hassan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia;
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Natalicchio A, Marrano N, Biondi G, Dipaola L, Spagnuolo R, Cignarelli A, Perrini S, Laviola L, Giorgino F. Irisin increases the expression of anorexigenic and neurotrophic genes in mouse brain. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36:e3238. [PMID: 31742872 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin, a newly discovered muscle-derived hormone, acts in different organs and tissues, improving energy homeostasis. In this study, we assessed, for the first time, the effects of intraperitoneal irisin injections on circulating levels of leptin and ghrelin, mRNA expression of the major hypothalamic appetite regulators and brain neurotrophic factors, as well as feeding behaviour in healthy mice. METHODS Twelve male 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomized into two groups and intraperitoneally injected daily with irisin (0.5 μg/g body weight) or vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]) for 14 days. On the last day of observation, leptin and ghrelin levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). mRNA levels of genes of interest were analysed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in brain extracts. RESULTS Irisin administration did not change leptin or ghrelin serum concentrations. However, irisin injection increased CART, POMC, NPY, and BDNF mRNA levels, without affecting the mRNA expression of AgRP, orexin, PMCH, and UCP2. Finally, over the time frame of irisin treatment, body weight and feeding behaviour were unaltered. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that intraperitoneal injection of irisin, although without effects on feeding behaviour and body weight, can increase the expression of anorexigenic and neurotrophic genes in mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Natalicchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Marrano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Biondi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Dipaola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosaria Spagnuolo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Cignarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastio Perrini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Laviola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in the Sudan is increasing at alarming rate with the tendency of reaching an epidemic proportion in women. It is commonly associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Some adipokine hormones such as resistin are associated with obesity. OBJECTIVES To study how the levels of resistin, ghrelin and insulin are associated with obesity,fat distribution and (T2D) and to ascertain any interrelationships between them. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 150 women, age ≥18 years old, resident in Wad-Madani town, Sudan were participated in the study. They were divided into 3 groups according to body mass index (BMI) value: I (normal weight), II (overweight) and III (obese diabetic). Fasting serum resistin and ghrelin concentrations were measured using ELISA method. Insulin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay(RIA). RESULTS The mean±SD levels of resistin 5.80±4.91ng/mL,Ghrelin107.60±26.67pg/M and Insulin 11.92±8.54mLU/ml in obese diabetic were found to be greater than in normal or overweight women. In normal weight values were 3.07±2.15 ng/mL 83.30±13.38pg/mL, and 6.62±6.77mLU/ml for resistini, ghrelin and Insulin, respectively. Values for overweight women 3.64±2.63 pg/mL 90±17.35 pg/mL and 8.13±7.54 mLU/ml for resistin, ghrelin and insulin respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Increased BMI, waist circumference (WC) and hormones (ghrelin and resistin) were associated with insulin resistance. Further studies are needed to accept or refute these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Aliya Elamin
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Faisal University, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hamid Azhari Mohammed
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Cancer, University of Gezira, Madani, Sudan
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75
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Aly GS, Hassan NE, Anwar GM, Ahmed HH, El-Masry SA, El-Banna RA, Ahmed NH, Kamal AN, Tarkan RS. Ghrelin, obestatin and the ghrelin/obestatin ratio as potential mediators for food intake among obese children: a case control study. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:199-204. [PMID: 31926094 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Ghrelin and obestatin are two gastric hormones encoded by the same preproghrelin gene that convey information concerning nutritional status to the central nervous system. Ghrelin has been considered as an appetite stimulating peptide that has a role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Obestatin has been described for its appetite suppressing effects opposing ghrelin's effect on food intake. The study aimed to evaluate ghrelin, obestatin and the ghrelin/obestatin ratio in obese children compared to non-obese and correlate them to food macronutrients intake. Methods This study is a cross-sectional case control study comprising 60 obese children, in addition to 31 age- and sex-matched controls. All children were subjected to clinical examination, anthropometric assessment, and a 3-day 24-h dietary recall. Fasting serum ghrelin and obestatin levels were evaluated, the ghrelin/obestatin ratio was calculated and they were correlated to macronutrients intake. Results Obese children had significantly lower serum fasting levels of ghrelin, obestatin and the ghrelin/obestatin ratio than the control group. The mean intake of total energy and macronutrients was significantly higher in obese children. Ghrelin showed positive correlation with total energy and fat intake in the obese group. Obestatin had positive correlations with total energy and fat intake while the ghrelin/obestatin ratio had a negative correlation with the total energy intake in the control group. Conclusions Ghrelin, obestatin and the ghrelin/obestatin ratio were significantly lower in obese children and significantly associated with their total energy intake. Disturbed ghrelin to obestatin balance may have a role in the etiology and pathophysiology of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal S Aly
- Medical Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Childhood Studies, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nayera E Hassan
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Anwar
- Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Cairo University, Kasr AlAiny, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H Ahmed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sahar A El-Masry
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rokia A El-Banna
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nihad H Ahmed
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayat N Kamal
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reham S Tarkan
- Lecturer of Pediatrics, Medical Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Childhood Studies, Ain Shams University, 9 Ahmed Mekemar st, Nozha Gededa,Cairo, Egypt
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76
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Figueroa-Vega N, Marín-Aragón CI, López-Aguilar I, Ibarra-Reynoso L, Pérez-Luque E, Malacara JM. Analysis of the percentages of monocyte subsets and ILC2s, their relationships with metabolic variables and response to hypocaloric restriction in obesity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228637. [PMID: 32074122 PMCID: PMC7029876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity results from excess energy intake over expenditure and is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation involving circulating monocytes (Mo) and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) imbalance. We analyzed circulating Mo subsets and ILC2s percentages and β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) expression in lean and obese subjects, and the possible effect of hypocaloric restriction on these innate immune cells. METHODS In 139 individuals aged 45 to 57 years, classified in 74 lean individuals (>18.9kg/m2 BMI <24.9kg/m2) and 65 with obesity (n = 65), we collected fasting blood samples to detect Mo subsets, ILC2s number, and β2AR expression by flow cytometry. Lipids, insulin, leptin, and acylated-ghrelin concentrations were quantified. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was estimated by indirect calorimetry. These measurements were repeated in obese subjects after 7-weeks of hypocaloric restriction. RESULTS Non-classical monocytes (NCM) and β2AR expression on intermediate Mo (IM) were increased in obese individuals (p<0.001, in both cases), whereas the percent of ILC2s was decreased (p<0.0001). Stepwise regression analysis showed significantly negative associations of ILC2s with caloric intake, β2AR expression on IM with REE, but a positive relationship between NCM and HOMA-IR. Caloric restriction allowed a significant diminution of NCM and the β2AR expression on IM, as well as, an increase in the percent of classical Mo (CM), and ILC2s. ΔREE was related to ΔCD16+/CD16- ratio. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that in obesity occur changes in NCM, ILC2s and β2AR expression, which contribute to the low-grade inflammation linked to obesity and might revert with caloric restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicté Figueroa-Vega
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León Campus, León, Gto., México
| | | | - Itzel López-Aguilar
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León Campus, León, Gto., México
| | - Lorena Ibarra-Reynoso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León Campus, León, Gto., México
| | - Elva Pérez-Luque
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León Campus, León, Gto., México
| | - Juan Manuel Malacara
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León Campus, León, Gto., México
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Muñoz Alférez MJ, Robles Rebollo M, Moreno-Fernández J, Díaz Castro J, López Aliaga MI. [Effect of fermented goat milk on body composition, basal metabolism, and food intake control in rats]. NUTR HOSP 2020; 37:123-128. [PMID: 31755284 DOI: 10.20960/nh.02608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: it is known that diet plays a key role in body composition and affects energy balance. However, scarce information is available in the scientific literature about the influence of food and specific nutrients such us dairy products, a basic food group and an important source of nutrients in the diet. Objective: the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of fermented dairy products (goat or cow milk) on body composition and appetite regulation in adult animals. Material and methods: twenty adult male Wistar albino rats were fed fermented goat or cow milk-based diets for 30 days. The evolution of body composition and plasma concentrations of adipokines (leptine and adiponectine), intermediary metabolism regulating hormones (ghrelin, insulin, thyroid stimulating hormone, triyodotironine, thyroxine), and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were analyzed. Results: body weight and body fat percentage were lower (p < 0.001) in rats fed fermented goat milk versus those fed fermented cow milk, whereas lean mass percentage was higher (p < 0.01). Plasma thyroid hormone and insulin concentrations did not show significant differences between diets. The fermented goat milk-based diet decreased ghrelin and adiponectin levels (p < 0.001), and increased leptine and NEFA concentrations (p < 0.001). Conclusion: fermented goat milk consumption decreases adiposity and body weight in adult rats by increasing energy expenditure, lipolysis, and satiety sensation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Robles Rebollo
- Departamento de Fisiología. Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos José Mataix
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernández
- Departamento de Fisiología. Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos José Mataix
| | - Javier Díaz Castro
- Departamento de Fisiología. Universidad de Granada. Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los alimentos. Universidad de Granada
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Fittipaldi AS, Hernández J, Castrogiovanni D, Lufrano D, De Francesco PN, Garrido V, Vitaux P, Fasano MV, Fehrentz JA, Fernández A, Andreoli MF, Perello M. Plasma levels of ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and LEAP2 in children with obesity: correlation with age and insulin resistance. Eur J Endocrinol 2020; 182:165-175. [PMID: 31770106 DOI: 10.1530/eje-19-0684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The octanoylated peptide hormone ghrelin regulates appetite and glycaemic control. Des-acyl ghrelin abolishes some effects of ghrelin, but does not bind to ghrelin receptor. LEAP2 is a novel ligand for ghrelin receptor that blocks the effects of ghrelin. Some evidences show that plasma levels of these peptides are altered in adults with obesity, but their levels in childhood obesity remain poorly studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess fasting plasma levels of ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and LEAP2 in children with normoweight, overweight/obesity and their association with different anthropometric and metabolic variables. DESIGN A total of 42 females and 40 males, ages 3-12 years old were enrolled as a cross-sectional cohort. RESULTS Plasma levels of des-acyl ghrelin and LEAP2 (but not ghrelin) were lower and ghrelin/des-acyl ghrelin ratio was higher in children with overweight/obesity. Des-acyl ghrelin negatively correlated with age, BMI z-score, insulin and HOMA index, and the correlations were stronger in children with overweight/obesity. LEAP2 levels negatively correlated with BMI z-score. No gender differences were found. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ghrelin tone is increased in childhood obesity, due to a decrease on plasma levels of des-acyl ghrelin and LEAP2, and that des-acyl ghrelin is associated to insulin resistance, particularly in children with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela S Fittipaldi
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional La Plata (UNLP) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Hernández
- Servicio de Nutrición del Hospital de Niños de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Castrogiovanni
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional La Plata (UNLP) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Lufrano
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional La Plata (UNLP) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo N De Francesco
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional La Plata (UNLP) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Garrido
- Servicio de Nutrición del Hospital de Niños de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - María Victoria Fasano
- Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas (IDIP), Hospital de Niños de La Plata - CIC-PBA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Matemática, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Adriana Fernández
- Servicio de Nutrición del Hospital de Niños de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Andreoli
- Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas (IDIP), Hospital de Niños de La Plata - CIC-PBA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional La Plata (UNLP) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Stoica L, Dobrescu A, Isaic A, Verdeş G, Tarţa C, Lazăr F. Metabolic and Hormonal Changes after Sleeve Gastrectomy and Mini Gastric Bypass in a Rat Model of Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity. Chirurgia (Bucur) 2020; 114:732-738. [PMID: 31928578 DOI: 10.21614/chirurgia.114.6.732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is one of the leading causes of social, economic and health problems throughout the world and in the past years bariatric surgery has emerged as a method to alleviate this problem. We have conducted an experimental study aimed at comparing the metabolic and hormonal changes after sleeve gastrectomy and mini gastric by-pass, two bariatric procedures showing promising results. Material and Methods: We have designed a study using a rat model with induced type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity divided into three groups: a sleeve gastrectomy group, a mini gastric by-pass group and a sham operated group, all of which had their glycemia, lipid profile, ghrelin and insulin levels measured before and after the procedures. Results: The results showed a significant decrease (p 0.05) in fasting glucose levels, lipid profile and ghrelin levels in the mini gastric bypass compared to the sleeve gastrectomy group. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that both SG and MGB are effective treatments for morbid obesity and T2DM and both procedures can significantly resolve obesity-related metabolic changes.
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Molfino A, Amabile MI, Muscaritoli M, Germano A, Alfano R, Ramaccini C, Spagnoli A, Cavaliere L, Marseglia G, Nardone A, Muto G, Carbone U, Triassi M, Fiorito S. Association Between Metabolic and Hormonal Derangements and Professional Exposure to Urban Pollution in a High Intensity Traffic Area. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:509. [PMID: 32849295 PMCID: PMC7431614 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Studies suggest a relation between exposure to air particulate matter (PM)2.5 pollution and greater cardiovascular morbidity, as well as increased risk for obesity and diabetes. We aimed to identify association(s) between nutritional and metabolic status and exposure to environmental pollution in a cohort of policemen exposed to high levels of air pollution. Methods: We considered adult municipal policemen, working in an urban area at high-traffic density with documented high levels of air PM2.5 (exposed group) compared to non-exposed policemen. Clinical characteristics, including the presence/absence of metabolic syndrome, were recorded, and serum biomarkers, including adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin, were assessed. Results: One hundred ninety-nine participants were enrolled, 100 in the exposed group and 99 in the non-exposed group. Metabolic syndrome was documented in 32% of exposed group and in 52.5% of non-exposed group (P = 0.008). In the exposed group, we found a positive correlation between body mass index and serum leptin as well as in the non-exposed group (P < 0.0001). Within the exposed group, subjects with metabolic syndrome showed lower serum adiponectin (P < 0.0001) and higher leptin (P = 0.002) levels with respect to those without metabolic syndrome, whereas in the non-exposed group, subjects with metabolic syndrome showed only higher leptin levels when compared to those without metabolic syndrome (P = 0.01). Among the participants with metabolic syndrome, we found lower adiponectin levels in those of the exposed group with respect to the non-exposed ones (P = 0.007). When comparing the exposed and non-exposed groups, after stratifying participants for Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance >2.5, we found lower adiponectin levels in those of the exposed group with respect to the non-exposed ones (P = 0.038). Conclusions: Exposure to air PM pollution was associated with lower levels of adiponectin in adult males with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Molfino
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessio Molfino
| | - Maria Ida Amabile
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Muscaritoli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Alfano
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cesarina Ramaccini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Spagnoli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Nardone
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Muto
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Carbone
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Fiorito
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Rome, Italy
- Silvana Fiorito
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Jepsen SL, Vestergaard ET, Larraufie P, Gribble FM, Reimann F, Jørgensen JOL, Holst JJ, Kuhre RE. Ghrelin Does Not Directly Stimulate Secretion of Glucagon-like Peptide-1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5586875. [PMID: 31608930 PMCID: PMC6941855 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The gastrointestinal hormone ghrelin stimulates growth hormone secretion and appetite, but recent studies indicate that ghrelin also stimulates the secretion of the appetite-inhibiting and insulinotropic hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). OBJECTIVE To investigate the putative effect of ghrelin on GLP-1 secretion in vivo and in vitro. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A randomized placebo-controlled crossover study was performed in eight hypopituitary subjects. Ghrelin or saline was infused intravenously (1 pmol/min × kg) after collection of baseline sample (0 min), and blood was subsequently collected at time 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Mouse small intestine was perfused (n = 6) and GLP-1 output from perfused mouse small intestine was investigated in response to vascular ghrelin administration in the presence and absence of a simultaneous luminal glucose stimulus. Ghrelin receptor expression was quantified in human (n = 11) and mouse L-cells (n = 3) by RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR, respectively. RESULTS Ghrelin did not affect GLP-1 secretion in humans (area under the curve [AUC; 0-120 min]: ghrelin infusion = 1.37 ± 0.05 min × nmol vs. saline infusion = 1.40 ± 0.06 min × nmol [P = 0.63]), but induced peripheral insulin resistance. Likewise, ghrelin did not stimulate GLP-1 secretion from the perfused mouse small intestine model (mean outputs during baseline/ghrelin infusion = 19.3 ± 1.6/25.5 ± 2.0 fmol/min, n = 6, P = 0.16), whereas glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide administration, used as a positive control, doubled GLP-1 secretion (P < 0.001). Intraluminal glucose increased GLP-1 secretion by 4-fold (P < 0.001), which was not potentiated by ghrelin. Finally, gene expression of the ghrelin receptor was undetectable in mouse L-cells and marginal in human L-cells. CONCLUSIONS Ghrelin does not interact directly with the L-cell and does not directly affect GLP-1 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lind Jepsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esben Thyssen Vestergaard
- Medical Research Laboratories Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Pierre Larraufie
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona Mary Gribble
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jens Juul Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rune Ehrenreich Kuhre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: RE Kuhre, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3B, 12.2, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. E-mail:
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Hammad MM, Abu-Farha M, Hebbar P, Cherian P, Al Khairi I, Melhem M, Alkayal F, Alsmadi O, Thanaraj TA, Al-Mulla F, Abubaker J. MC4R Variant rs17782313 Associates With Increased Levels of DNAJC27, Ghrelin, and Visfatin and Correlates With Obesity and Hypertension in a Kuwaiti Cohort. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:437. [PMID: 32733386 PMCID: PMC7358550 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), a notable component of the melanocortin system, regulates appetite, body weight, and energy homeostasis. Genome-wide association studies have identified several MC4R variants associated with adiposity; of these, rs17782313, which is associated with increased body mass index (BMI) and overeating behavior, is of particular interest. Another gene associated with increased adiposity in global genome-wide association studies is DNAJC27, a heat shock protein known to be elevated in obesity. The detailed mechanisms underlying the role of MC4R variants in the biological pathways underlying metabolic disorders are not well-understood. To address this, we assessed variations of rs17782313 in a cohort of 282 Arab individuals from Kuwait, who are deeply phenotyped for anthropometric and metabolic traits and various biomarkers, including DNAJC27. Association tests showed that the rs17782313_C allele was associated with BMI and DNAJC27 levels. Increased levels of DNAJC27 reduced the MC4R-mediated formation of cAMP in MC4R ACTOne stable cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrated an association between the rs17782313 variant near MC4R and increased BMI and DNAJC27 levels and established a link between increased DNAJC27 levels and lower cAMP levels. We propose that regulation of MC4R activity by DNAJC27 enhances appetite through its effect on cAMP, thereby regulating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M. Hammad
- Research Division, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Research Division, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Prashantha Hebbar
- Research Division, Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Preethi Cherian
- Research Division, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Irina Al Khairi
- Research Division, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Motasem Melhem
- Research Division, Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fadi Alkayal
- Research Division, Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Thangavel Alphonse Thanaraj
- Research Division, Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- *Correspondence: Thangavel Alphonse Thanaraj
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Research Division, Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Fahd Al-Mulla
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Research Division, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Jehad Abubaker
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Mifune H, Tajiri Y, Sakai Y, Kawahara Y, Hara K, Sato T, Nishi Y, Nishi A, Mitsuzono R, Kakuma T, Kojima M. Voluntary exercise is motivated by ghrelin, possibly related to the central reward circuit. J Endocrinol 2020; 244:123-132. [PMID: 31629323 PMCID: PMC6859445 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that voluntary exercise contributed to the amelioration of abnormal feeding behavior with a concomitant restoration of ghrelin production in a rat model of obesity, suggesting a possible relationship between exercise and appetite-regulating hormones. Ghrelin is known to be involved in the brain reward circuits via dopamine neurons related to motivational properties. We investigated the relevance of ghrelin as an initiator of voluntary exercise as well as feeding behavior. The plasma ghrelin concentration fluctuates throughout the day with its peak at the beginning of the dark period in the wild-type (WT) mice with voluntary exercise. Although predominant increases in wheel running activity were observed accordant to the peak of plasma ghrelin concentration in the WT mice, those were severely attenuated in the ghrelin-knockout (GKO) mice under either ad libitum or time-restricted feeding. A single injection of ghrelin receptor agonist brought about and reproduced a marked enhancement of wheel running activity, in contrast to no effect by the continuous administration of the same drug. Brain dopamine levels (DAs) were enhanced after food consumption in the WT mice under voluntary exercise. Although the acceleration of DAs were apparently blunted in the GKO mice, they were dramatically revived after the administration of ghrelin receptor agonist, suggesting the relevance of ghrelin in the reward circuit under voluntary exercise. These findings emphasize that the surge of ghrelin plays a crucial role in the formation of motivation for the initiation of voluntary exercise possibly related to the central dopamine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroharu Mifune
- Institute of Animal Experimentation, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yuji Tajiri
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed to Y Tajiri:
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Institute of Animal Experimentation, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yukie Kawahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kento Hara
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Molecular Genetics, Life Science Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishi
- Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Akinori Nishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Mitsuzono
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Institute of Health and Sports Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | | | - Masayasu Kojima
- Molecular Genetics, Life Science Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
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84
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Agakidou E, Karagiozoglou-Lampoudi T, Parlapani E, Fletouris DJ, Sarafidis K, Tzimouli V, Diamanti E, Agakidis C. Modifications of Own Mothers' Milk Fortification Protocol Affect Early Plasma IGF-I and Ghrelin Levels in Preterm Infants. A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123056. [PMID: 31847328 PMCID: PMC6950485 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the effect of two own mother’s milk (OMM) fortification protocols on (a) IGF-I and ghrelin plasma levels at 35 post-conceptional weeks (PCW, T2) and whether this effect is maintained after elimination of the differences in OMM fortification, and (b) growth until 12 months corrected age. Forty-eight OMM-fed preterm infants (GA 24–32 weeks) were randomly allocated to the fixed-fortification (FF) group (n = 23) and the protein-targeting fortification (PTF) group (n = 25) targeting the recommended daily protein intake (PI). Plasma IGF-I and ghrelin were assessed at 35 (T2) and 40 (T3) PCW while growth was longitudinally assessed until 12 months corrected age. PTF group had lower IGF-I and higher ghrelin than FF group at T2, while receiving lower daily protein and energy amounts. PI correlated positively to T2-IGF-I and inversely to T3-ghrelin while energy intake (EI) correlated inversely to T2- and T3-ghrelin. Group and PI were independent predictors of adjusted T2-IGF-I, while group and EI were predictors of adjusted and T2-ghrelin. Growth parameter z-scores were comparable between groups up to 12 months corrected age. Modifications of OMM fortification have a transient effect on early plasma IGF-I and ghrelin levels in preterm infants in a way consistent with the previously recognized protein-energy/endocrine balance, indicating a potential programming effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Agakidou
- 1st Department of Neonatology & NICU, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration General Hospital, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54246 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.P.); (K.S.); (E.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-69-3741-9910
| | - Thomais Karagiozoglou-Lampoudi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Elisavet Parlapani
- 1st Department of Neonatology & NICU, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration General Hospital, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54246 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.P.); (K.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios J. Fletouris
- Laboratory of Milk Hygiene and Technology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Kosmas Sarafidis
- 1st Department of Neonatology & NICU, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration General Hospital, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54246 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.P.); (K.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Vasiliki Tzimouli
- 1st Pediatric Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration General Hospital, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54246 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Elisavet Diamanti
- 1st Department of Neonatology & NICU, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration General Hospital, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54246 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.P.); (K.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Charalampos Agakidis
- 1st Pediatric Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration General Hospital, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54246 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.T.); (C.A.)
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85
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Bosch-Sierra N, Marqués-Cardete R, Gurrea-Martínez A, Grau-Del Valle C, Morillas C, Hernández-Mijares A, Bañuls C. Effect of Fibre-Enriched Orange Juice on Postprandial Glycaemic Response and Satiety in Healthy Individuals: An Acute, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Crossover Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123014. [PMID: 31835476 PMCID: PMC6950290 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Consumption of fibre-enriched orange juice may be an appropriate way to supplement daily fibre intake and achieve beneficial effects on metabolic health. The present study aimed to assess the short-term effects of fibre-enriched orange juice on postprandial metabolism and satiety in a healthy adult population. Methods: In this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover study 10 healthy subjects underwent two one-day trials in which they consumed an orange juice beverage containing 1.4 g/100 mL of citrus fibre (29.3% soluble and 41.9% insoluble) or a placebo (regular orange juice without added fibre). Postprandial glucose, insulin, gut hormones (GLP1, GIP and ghrelin), leptin and qualitative appetite/satiety assessment were measured every 15 or 30 min over the 120 min test period. Results: The fibre-enriched orange juice decreased postprandial serum glucose and circulating insulin levels at 15 min compared with the placebo. In addition, after intake of the fibre-enriched juice, a significant effect on qualitative feelings of satiety and fullness was observed at 15 and 120 min, and was accompanied by a significant decrease in GLP1 response at 15 min. No significant changes were observed in leptin, GIP and ghrelin after juice intake. Conclusions: In healthy individuals, a single acute consumption of fibre-enriched orange juice has short-term beneficial effects on postprandial glycaemia, circulating insulin levels and satiety through GLP1 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Bosch-Sierra
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (N.B.-S.); (C.G.-D.V.); (C.M.); (A.H.-M.)
| | - Roger Marqués-Cardete
- Zumos Valencianos del Mediterraneo S.A., Calle del Pollancar (Pol Industrial Parc Sagunt I) S/N, 46520 Puerto de Sagunto, Valencia, Spain; (R.M.-C.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Aránzazu Gurrea-Martínez
- Zumos Valencianos del Mediterraneo S.A., Calle del Pollancar (Pol Industrial Parc Sagunt I) S/N, 46520 Puerto de Sagunto, Valencia, Spain; (R.M.-C.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Carmen Grau-Del Valle
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (N.B.-S.); (C.G.-D.V.); (C.M.); (A.H.-M.)
| | - Carlos Morillas
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (N.B.-S.); (C.G.-D.V.); (C.M.); (A.H.-M.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda de Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández-Mijares
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (N.B.-S.); (C.G.-D.V.); (C.M.); (A.H.-M.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda de Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (N.B.-S.); (C.G.-D.V.); (C.M.); (A.H.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0034-96-318-9132; Fax: +0034-96-246-9933
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86
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De Breucker S, Luce S, Njemini R, Bautmans I, Decoster L, Mets T, Pepersack T. Analysis of inflammatory markers and hormones in old cancer patients: A descriptive study. Exp Gerontol 2019; 130:110787. [PMID: 31794851 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Advanced cancers are associated with a chronic inflammation, especially high interleukin-6 (IL-6) and with various levels of adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), while ghrelin counteracts the anorexigenic effect of leptin in cancer-induced anorexia-cachexia syndrome. We aimed to understand how IL-6, adipokines and ghrelin plasma levels could be influenced by cancer on the one hand, and by age, frailty, and nutritional status in old cancer patients on the other hand. Ninety-nine patients aged 79[76-83] years old were included. Sixty-six percent had advanced stages of cancer, and 34% had cachexia. Fifty percent were at risk of malnutrition, and 10% had overt malnutrition. None of the variables studied was significantly correlated with the advanced stage, or cachexia. In multiple regression, the only parameter significantly and positively associated with age was adiponectin (p = 0.008). Despite a high prevalence of frailty in our study, we did not find any independent association of frailty (assessed by G8) with IL-6, leptin, adiponectin, or ghrelin in multivariate analysis. We observed that a low albumin level was independently associated with a higher level of IL-6 (p < 0.0001), but not with the MNA score. However, leptin showed a positive correlation with BMI (p < 0.0001), confirming the persistence of a relationship between leptin and adiposity, even in older cancer patients. Finally, high IL-6 level was associated with a higher mortality rate (p = 0.027). In conclusion, IL-6, leptin, adiponectin, and ghrelin are not associated with advanced stages of cancer or cancer-induced cachexia in older subjects with cancer, but they are significantly correlated with anthropometric factors and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra De Breucker
- Department of Geriatrics, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sylvie Luce
- Department of Oncology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Rose Njemini
- Frailty in Ageing (FRIA) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Frailty in Ageing (FRIA) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Lore Decoster
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologisch Centrum, Universitair Ziekenhuis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Tony Mets
- Frailty in Ageing (FRIA) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Geriatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Thierry Pepersack
- Department of Medical Oncolgy, Oncogeriatric Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard de Waterloo 121, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
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87
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Kornyushin OV, Sonin DL, Toropova YG, Pochkaeva EI, Semikova GV, Berko OM, Zelinskaya IA, Todosenko NM, Litvinova LS, Neimark AE, Babenko AY, Dergach KV, Schpakov AO, Galagudza MM. Effects of Bariatric Surgeries on the Size of Myocardial Infarction and Ghrelin Level in Rats with Experimental Decompensated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 168:210-213. [PMID: 31776951 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04676-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of bariatric surgeries (sleeve gastrectomy and ileal transposition) on the dynamics of changes in ghrelin level were studied in rats with severe decompensated type 2 diabetes mellitus under conditions of glucose challenge as well as on the size of myocardial infarction in these animals. Diabetes was modelled by high fat diet and a single administration of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Both bariatric surgeries significantly decreased glucose-induced ghrelin level in the blood of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which attested to an increase in the tissue sensitivity to ghrelin. Sleeve gastrectomy resulted in a decrease in the size of myocardial infarction in diabetic rats, which was calculated as the ratio of the necrosis zone to the zone of the risk of myocardial infarction. Ileal transposition had no effect on this parameter. Our data can be used as the basis for optimization of treatment approaches when using bariatric surgery in the treatment of patients with severe forms of type 2 diabetes mellitus with a high risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Kornyushin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - D L Sonin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ya G Toropova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E I Pochkaeva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - G V Semikova
- I. P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - O M Berko
- I. P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I A Zelinskaya
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N M Todosenko
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cell Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - L S Litvinova
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cell Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - A E Neimark
- Institute of Endocrinology, V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Yu Babenko
- Institute of Endocrinology, V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - K V Dergach
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutional Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A O Schpakov
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutional Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M M Galagudza
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
- I. P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
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88
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Murai N, Saito N, Kodama E, Iida T, Mikura K, Imai H, Kaji M, Hashizume M, Kigawa Y, Koizumi G, Tadokoro R, Sugisawa C, Endo K, Iizaka T, Saiki R, Otsuka F, Shun I, Nagasaka S. Association of ghrelin dynamics with beta cell function in Japanese subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019; 91:616-623. [PMID: 31408197 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ghrelin is involved in feeding regulation and energy metabolism and is also known to inhibit insulin secretion (β). However, few clinical studies have demonstrated the relationship between β and ghrelin dynamics. This study tested the hypothesis that, in oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), ghrelin dynamics are associated with β. METHODS Subjects were 1145 healthy individuals <40 years old who tested normal on the 75-g OGTT. The following indicators and the ghrelin suppression ratio (GSR) during OGTT were calculated: insulin sensitivity (SI) [1/homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity index-Matsuda and 1/fasting insulin (1/FIRI)]; and β [Stumvoll first-phase index (Stumvoll-1), Stumvoll second-phase index and insulinogenic index]. From nine combinations of SI and β, combinations that produce hyperbolic relationships were identified. RESULTS Stumvoll-1 and 1/FIRI showed a hyperbolic relationship in nonobese subjects, and the product of Stumvoll-1 and 1/FIRI was used as the disposition index (DI). When analyzed by BMI quartiles, post-loading glucose and insulin levels at each time point increased from Q1 (low BMI) through Q4 (high BMI), whereas the DI, ghrelin levels at each time point, and GSR decreased from Q1 to Q4. On multivariate and bivariate analysis, GSR and DI were positive and independent, and fasting ghrelin and FIRI were negatively and independently correlated. CONCLUSIONS Ghrelin dynamics were associated with beta cell function in subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Glucose intolerance in obesity may be due not only to insulin resistance but also to impaired beta cell function associated with abnormalities of ghrelin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimitsu Murai
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoko Saito
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Eriko Kodama
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Iida
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mikura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Imai
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mariko Kaji
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mai Hashizume
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Kigawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Go Koizumi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rie Tadokoro
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chiho Sugisawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kei Endo
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Iizaka
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryo Saiki
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fumiko Otsuka
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ishibashi Shun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Nagasaka
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
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89
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Abstract
Background Anxiety disorders are common psychiatric disorders in childhood and an important health problem that is associated with the risk of serious mental, educational and economical problems. Researchers have mentioned many different mechanisms in the etiopathology of anxiety disorders. This study aimed to investigate ghrelin and leptin levels in children with anxiety disorders and thus to contribute to the clarification of anxiety in children. Methods Forty-three children aged 6-12 years with a diagnosis of the Anxiety Disorder according to DSM 5 and 21 healthy children age- and gender-matched to the study group were included. All the subjects were assessed with Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-C) scale. Blood samples were obtained in the morning and serum ghrelin and leptin levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results In the anxiety group the ghrelin levels were higher than the control group (p = 0.037) but there was no significant difference between the leptin levels (p = 0.430). Also, when the girls in the anxiety group and the girls in the control group were compared, ghrelin levels were higher in the anxiety group (p < 0.01). Conclusions These findings suggest that ghrelin may play a significant role in the etiologic mechanisms of anxiety disorders. However, more detailed studies are needed to explain the linkage between anxiety disorders and neuropeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Ozmen
- Erciyes University Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Asilay Şeker
- Erciyes University Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Demirci
- Erciyes University Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
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90
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Baek JY, Trinh TA, Huh W, Song JH, Kim HY, Lim J, Kim J, Choi HJ, Kim TH, Kang KS. Electro-Acupuncture Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Anorexia in Rats by Modulating Ghrelin and Monoamine Neurotransmitters. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100624. [PMID: 31635295 PMCID: PMC6843597 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Anorexia is common in patients with cancer, mostly as a side effect of chemotherapy. The effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) on ameliorating cancer-related symptoms have been studied in animal models and in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to determine optimal conditions for the application of EA to alleviate anorexia, followed by the study of molecular mechanisms affecting its therapeutics. Anorexia was induced in male Wistar rats by injecting cisplatin, which was then followed by EA treatment at CV12, the acupuncture point located in the center of the abdominal midline. Body weight and food intake were measured daily throughout the duration of the study. The levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in the plasma were quantitatively analyzed by HPLC-ECD. Gastrointestinal hormone concentrations were elucidated with ELISA kits. RT-qPCR was performed to evaluate the mRNA expression of ghrelin (GHRL), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and pro-opiomelanocortin. The expression of c-Fos in the nucleus tractus solitarii was detected using western blotting analysis. The optimal conditions of EA to alleviate anorexia in rats was determined to be 1 unit for intensity and 10 Hz for frequency. EA treatment at CV12 reduced the levels of plasma monoamine neurotransmitters 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, dopamine, and norepinephrine; as well as stimulated the expression of GHRL and NPY to alleviate cisplatin-induced anorexia in rats. EA stimulation at CV12 could be used to treat cisplatin-induced anorexia in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yun Baek
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea.
| | - Tuy An Trinh
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Wonsang Huh
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Ji Hoon Song
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea.
| | - Juhee Lim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea.
| | - Jinhee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea.
| | - Hyun Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea.
| | - Tae-Hun Kim
- Korean Medicine Clinical Trial Center, Korean Medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
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91
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El Helou N, Obeid OA, Olabi A. Effect of Meal Acceptability on Postprandial Appetite Scores and Hormones of Male Participants with Varied Adiposity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1627-1633. [PMID: 31411376 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study portrays the effect of hedonic manipulation (high acceptability [HA] vs. low acceptability [LA]) on postprandial hormones and appetite scores in healthy males. METHODS Thirty participants (15 with normal weight and 15 with obesity) were recruited for a randomized, crossover design. They were randomly assigned to the HA or LA (with acesulfame-K) custard. Blood samples were drawn before the meals and for 4 hours after the meals and were analyzed for glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and glucagonlike peptide 1 (GLP-1). Appetite scores and subsequent energy intake were recorded. RESULTS Postprandial glucose, insulin, and ghrelin were different according to adiposity, whereas meal acceptability did not correspond to any significant difference in postprandial glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and GLP-1 concentrations. Appetite scores showed lower hunger, higher satiety, and fullness after the HA meal without a significant difference between the meals. Subsequent energy intake, expressed as a percentage of the resting energy expenditure, was higher in participants with obesity but did not reflect postprandial hormones and appetite scores; there was no significant difference between meals. CONCLUSIONS Hedonic properties and palatability do not affect gut hormones, mainly ghrelin and GLP-1. Moreover, their postprandial concentrations were not paralleled by similar changes in appetite scores, and both were not found to affect subsequent intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehmat El Helou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Omar A Obeid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ammar Olabi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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92
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Miqueo E, Chiarle A, Giuliodori MJ, Relling AE. Association between prepartum metabolic status and resumption of postpartum ovulation in dairy cows. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2019; 69:62-67. [PMID: 31301559 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cows transitioning from late gestation to early lactation experience an increase in energy demands, which lead to a negative energy balance (NEB) because the greater energy requirement is not fully synchronized with the intake of dry matter. In this context, there is an increase in plasma NEFA and ghrelin concentrations and a decrease in plasma insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) concentrations. This situation could have a negative impact on the return to cyclicity because some of these variables have been associated with reduced GnRH and LH pulsatility (high NEFA and low insulin concentrations). However, there are no studies showing the relationship between ghrelin or GIP and reproductive performance. It is known that these hormones are related with lipolysis and NEB, with NEB being one of the main determinants of GnRH pulse generator activity. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between plasma NEFA concentration and metabolic hormones (insulin, ghrelin, and GIP) before parturition and their associations with the resumption of postpartum ovulations in dairy cows. A completely randomized block design was used in a commercial dairy herd with sampling day (visit to farm) as the blocking criteria. Holstein cows (n = 92) were screened for plasma NEFA concentration -5 d (±2 d) relative to the expected parturition day, and top and bottom quartiles were considered as high (H-NEFA) and low (L-NEFA) NEFA groups. Data were analyzed with correlation, linear regression, and proportional hazard regression models. Plasma NEFA concentration (H-NEFA mean = 294 μM, SD = 141.2; and L-NEFA mean = 122 μM, SD = 25.3) was correlated (P < 0.01) with plasma insulin (r = -0.374) and ghrelin (r = -0.346) concentrations but not with plasma GIP concentration (P = 0.64). The greater the concentration of insulin, the lesser the prepartum NEFA concentration (for each 1 μU/mL of plasma insulin increase, there is a decrease of 1.223 ± 0.62 μM of NEFA). Plasma ghrelin and GIP concentrations were not associated with plasma NEFA concentration. Finally, H-NEFA prepartum cows were less likely to resume ovulation than L-NEFA cows (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.563, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.314-1.011), whereas high ghrelin cows were more likely to resume ovulation than low ghrelin cows (HR = 1.873, 95% CI = 0.846-4.145). Conversely, resumption of ovulation was not associated with prepartum insulin and GIP concentrations. Prepartum NEFA and possibly ghrelin are associated with the return to postpartum cyclicity; however, insulin and GIP are not related to the resumption of ovulation in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Miqueo
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, 44691-4096 OH, USA
| | - A Chiarle
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Departamento de Cs. Basicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCV-UNLP), La Plata B1900AVW, Argentina
| | - M J Giuliodori
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Departamento de Cs. Basicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCV-UNLP), La Plata B1900AVW, Argentina
| | - A E Relling
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, 44691-4096 OH, USA.
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93
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Cornejo MP, Castrogiovanni D, Schiöth HB, Reynaldo M, Marie J, Fehrentz JA, Perello M. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor signalling affects high-fat intake independently of plasma levels of ghrelin and LEAP2, in a 4-day binge eating model. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12785. [PMID: 31469195 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) is a G protein-coupled receptor that is highly expressed in the central nervous system. GHSR acts as a receptor for ghrelin and for liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2), which blocks ghrelin-evoked activity. GHSR also displays ligand-independent activity, including a high constitutive activity that signals in the absence of ghrelin and is reduced by LEAP2. GHSR activity modulates a variety of food intake-related behaviours, including binge eating. Previously, we reported that GHSR-deficient mice daily and time-limited exposed to a high-fat (HF) diet display an attenuated binge-like HF intake compared to wild-type mice. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether ligand-independent GHSR activity affects binge-like HF intake in a 4-day binge-like eating protocol. We found that plasma levels of ghrelin and LEAP2 were not modified in mice exposed to this binge-like eating protocol. Moreover, systemic administration of ghrelin or LEAP2 did not alter HF intake in our experimental conditions. Interestingly, we found that central administration of LEAP2 or K-(D-1-Nal)-FwLL-NH2 , which are both blockers of constitutive GHSR activity, reduced binge-like HF intake, whereas central administration of ghrelin or the ghrelin-evoked GHSR activity blockers [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 and JMV2959 did not modify binge-like HF intake. Taken together, current data indicate that GHSR activity in the brain affects binge-like HF intake in mice independently of plasma levels of ghrelin and LEAP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paula Cornejo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniel Castrogiovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mirta Reynaldo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jacky Marie
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Rasineni K, Kubik JL, Casey CA, Kharbanda KK. Inhibition of Ghrelin Activity by Receptor Antagonist [d-Lys-3] GHRP-6 Attenuates Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Steatosis by Regulating Hepatic Lipid Metabolism. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100517. [PMID: 31546643 PMCID: PMC6843513 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic steatosis, characterized by an accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes, is one of the earliest pathological changes in the progression of alcoholic liver disease. In our previous study, we showed that alcohol-induced increase in serum ghrelin levels impair insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. The consequent reduction in the circulating insulin levels promote adipose-derived fatty acid mobilization to ultimately contribute to hepatic steatosis. In this study, we determined whether inhibition of ghrelin activity in chronic alcohol-fed rats could improve hepatic lipid homeostasis at the pancreas-adipose-liver axis. Adult Wistar rats were fed Lieber-DeCarli control or an ethanol liquid diet for 7 weeks. At 6 weeks, a subset of rats in each group were injected with either saline or ghrelin receptor antagonist, [d-Lys-3] GHRP-6 (DLys; 9 mg/kg body weight) for 5 days and all rats were sacrificed 2 days later. DLys treatment of ethanol rats improved pancreatic insulin secretion, normalized serum insulin levels, and the adipose lipid metabolism, as evidenced by the decreased serum free fatty acids (FFA). DLys treatment of ethanol rats also significantly decreased the circulating FFA uptake, de novo hepatic fatty acid synthesis ultimately attenuating alcoholic steatosis. To summarize, inhibition of ghrelin activity reduced alcoholic steatosis by improving insulin secretion, normalizing serum insulin levels, inhibiting adipose lipolysis, and preventing fatty acid uptake and synthesis in the liver. Our studies provided new insights on the important role of ghrelin in modulating the pancreas-adipose-liver, and promoting adipocyte lipolysis and hepatic steatosis. The findings offer a therapeutic approach of not only preventing alcoholic liver injury but also treating it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Rasineni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
- Research Service, Veterans' Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
| | - Jacy L Kubik
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
- Research Service, Veterans' Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
| | - Carol A Casey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
- Research Service, Veterans' Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
- Research Service, Veterans' Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
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95
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Sinha R, Gu P, Hart R, Guarnaccia JB. Food craving, cortisol and ghrelin responses in modeling highly palatable snack intake in the laboratory. Physiol Behav 2019; 208:112563. [PMID: 31145919 PMCID: PMC6620125 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Overeating of highly palatable (HP) foods in the ubiquitous HP food cue environment and under stress is associated with weight gain and contributes to the global obesity epidemic. However, subjective and biobehavioral processes that may increase HP overeating are not clear. Using a novel experimental approach, we examined HP food motivation and intake and neuroendocrine responses in the context of food cues, stress and a control neutral relaxing cue exposure in healthy individuals. METHODS Twenty individuals (12 M; 8F; ages 18-45) with body mass index (BMI) in the lean (LN: N = 8; 3/8 female BMI: 18-24.9) or overweight/obese (OW: N = 12; 5/12 female; BMI: 25-37) range were enrolled in a controlled, hospital-based, 3-day laboratory experiment. On each day, subjects were exposed to a brief 5-min individualized guided imagery of stress, food cue or an active neutral-relaxing control cue script, followed by a food snack test (FST), with one imagery condition per day and order of imagery exposure randomized and counterbalanced across subjects. Subjective HP food craving and caloric intake, anxiety, cortisol and total ghrelin was assessed repeatedly during each test day. RESULTS Significant condition and condition × group effects for food craving, anxiety and HP calorie intake were observed, with food cue relative to neutral condition increasing HP food craving and intake across all subjects (p < .001), but stress relative to neutral condition increased HP food craving and intake in the OW but not LN group (p < .01). Pre-snack increases in food craving after exposure to food cues and to stress predicted greater subsequent HP food intake (p's < 0.01). Furthermore, ghrelin increased in the food cue and stress conditions (p < .01), but stress-induced increases in ghrelin was associated with HP food intake only in the OW/OB condition (p < .01). Finally, cortisol increased during food cue exposure and increased cortisol responses were associated with greater HP food caving and with intake (p's < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings, while preliminary, validate a laboratory model of HP food motivation and intake and identify specific subjective and neuroendocrine responses that may play a role in HP snacking with implications for weight gain and obesity risk. (342 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajita Sinha
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06159, United States of America.
| | - Peihua Gu
- Yale University, Yale Center for Analytic Sciences, New Haven, CT 06159, United States of America
| | - Rachel Hart
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06159, United States of America
| | - J B Guarnaccia
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, New Haven, CT 06519, United States of America
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Miura H, Sakaguchi K, Okada Y, Yamada T, Otowa‐Suematsu N, So A, Komada H, Hirota Y, Ohara T, Kuroki Y, Hara K, Matsuda T, Kishi M, Takeda A, Yokota K, Tamori Y, Ogawa W. Effects of ipragliflozin on glycemic control, appetite and its related hormones: A prospective, multicenter, open-label study (SOAR-KOBE Study). J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:1254-1261. [PMID: 30688412 PMCID: PMC6717805 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors improve blood glucose control, as well as reducing bodyweight by promoting urinary glucose excretion. The weight loss is less than expected from urinary glucose loss, however, likely because of an increase in food intake. To investigate whether SGLT-2 inhibitors might increase appetite by affecting related hormones, we examined the effects of the SGLT-2 inhibitor, ipragliflozin, including those on appetite-regulating hormones, in individuals with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present prospective, multicenter, open-label study was carried out with 96 patients with a body mass index of ≥22 kg/m2 who were treated with ipragliflozin (50 mg/day) for 16 weeks. Parameters including glycated hemoglobin level, bodyweight, circulating leptin and active ghrelin concentrations, and appetite as assessed with a visual analog scale were measured before and during treatment. RESULTS Both glycated hemoglobin level (from 7.9 ± 0.8 to 7.1 ± 0.7%) and bodyweight (from 75.2 ± 12.6 to 72.6 ± 12.4 kg) were significantly decreased after treatment for 16 weeks. The fasting serum leptin level was significantly decreased after 2 weeks (from 19.5 ± 13.1 to 18.1 ± 12.4 ng/mL) and remained decreased up to 16 weeks, even after adjustment for bodyweight, whereas the plasma active ghrelin level showed no significant change. The visual analog scale score for hunger was significantly increased at 2 and 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that ipragliflozin improved glycemic control and reduced bodyweight, but also reduced serum leptin levels and might thereby have increased appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Miura
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Kazuhiko Sakaguchi
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of General Internal MedicineKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Yuko Okada
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Tomoko Yamada
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Natsu Otowa‐Suematsu
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Anna So
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Hisako Komada
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Yushi Hirota
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Takeshi Ohara
- Department of Diabetes and EndocrinologyHyogo Brain and Heart CenterHimejiJapan
| | - Yasuo Kuroki
- Department of Internal MedicineKobe Century Memorial HospitalKobeJapan
| | - Kenta Hara
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine DiseaseKita‐harima Medical CenterOnoJapan
| | | | - Minoru Kishi
- Department of Internal MedicineNishiwaki Municipal HospitalNishiwakiJapan
| | - Akihiko Takeda
- Department of Diabetic and Metabolic MedicineShinko HospitalKobeJapan
| | - Kazuki Yokota
- Department of Internal MedicineYokota Medical ClinicAkashiJapan
| | - Yoshikazu Tamori
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
- Department of Social/Community Medicine and Health ScienceDivision of Creative Health PromotionKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Wataru Ogawa
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
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Gray SM, Niu J, Zhang A, Svendsen B, Campbell JE, D'Alessio DA, Tong J. Intraislet Ghrelin Signaling Does Not Regulate Insulin Secretion From Adult Mice. Diabetes 2019; 68:1795-1805. [PMID: 31201280 PMCID: PMC6702634 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous ghrelin reduces glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and endogenous ghrelin protects against hypoglycemia during starvation. Islet ε-cells produce ghrelin and δ-cells express growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), suggesting the possibility of a paracrine mechanism for islet ghrelin to reach high local concentrations and affect insulin secretion. GHSR has high constitutive activity and may act independently of ghrelin. The objective in this study was to determine whether an intraislet ghrelin-GHSR axis modulates insulin secretion and glucose metabolism using mouse models lacking ghrelin (Ghrl-/- ) or GHSR (Ghsr-/- ). Ghsr-/- and Ghsr+/+ mice had comparable islet ghrelin concentrations. Exogenous ghrelin decreased insulin secretion in perifused isolated islets in a GHSR-dependent manner. Islets isolated from Ghrl-/- or Ghsr-/- mice did not differ from controls in glucose-, alanine-, or GLP-1-stimulated insulin secretion during perifusion. Consistent with this finding, Ghrl-/- and Ghsr-/- male mice studied after either 6 or 16 h of fasting had blood glucose concentrations comparable with those of controls following intraperitoneal glucose, or insulin tolerance tests, or after mixed nutrient meals. Collectively, our data provide strong evidence against a paracrine ghrelin-GHSR axis mediating insulin secretion or glucose tolerance in lean, chow-fed adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan E Campbell
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - David A D'Alessio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Jenny Tong
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
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Dorling JL, Church TS, Myers CA, Höchsmann C, White UA, Hsia DS, Martin CK, Apolzan JW. Racial Variations in Appetite-Related Hormones, Appetite, and Laboratory-Based Energy Intake from the E-MECHANIC Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092018. [PMID: 31466276 PMCID: PMC6770918 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
African Americans (AAs) have a higher obesity risk than Whites; however, it is unclear if appetite-related hormones and food intake are implicated. We examined differences in appetite-related hormones, appetite, and food intake between AAs (n = 53) and Whites (n = 111) with overweight or obesity. Participants were randomized into a control group or into supervised, controlled exercise groups at 8 kcal/kg of body weight/week (KKW) or 20 KKW. Participants consumed lunch and dinner at baseline and follow-up, with appetite and hormones measured before and after meals (except leptin). At baseline, AAs had lower peptide YY (PYY; p < 0.01) and a blunted elevation in PYY after lunch (p = 0.01), as well as lower ghrelin (p = 0.02) and higher leptin (p < 0.01) compared to Whites. Despite desire to eat being lower and satisfaction being higher in AAs relative to Whites (p ≤ 0.03), no racial differences in food intake were observed. Compared to Whites, leptin increased in the 8 KKW group in AAs (p = 0.01), yet no other race-by-group interactions were evident. Differences in appetite-related hormones between AAs and Whites exist; however, their influence on racial disparities in appetite, food intake, and obesity within this trial was limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Dorling
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Timothy S Church
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Candice A Myers
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Christoph Höchsmann
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Ursula A White
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Daniel S Hsia
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Corby K Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
| | - John W Apolzan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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Larrosa Haro A, Vásquez-Garibay EM, Guzmán-Mercado E, Muñoz Esparza NC, García-Arellano S, Muñoz-Valle JF, Romero-Velarde E. Concentration of ghrelin and leptin in serum and human milk in nursing mothers according to the type of feeding. NUTR HOSP 2019; 36:799-804. [PMID: 31282166 DOI: 10.20960/nh.02534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Objective: we assessed the relationship between serum and human foremilk and hindmilk concentrations of ghrelin and leptin in nursing mothers according to the type of feeding. Methods: this cohort design was carried out on 131 mother-newborn dyads admitted to a physiological puerperium ward. The independent variables were the type of feeding, full breastfeeding (FBF, 56.5%) and partial breastfeeding (PBF, 43.5%). The dependent variables were the concentration of total ghrelin (pg/ml) and leptin (ng/ml) in serum, foremilk and hindmilk at eight and 16 weeks. Fasting blood samples were obtained from the nursing mothers at four months for serum assays. Unpaired Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson's correlation tests, coefficient of determination and linear regression were used. Results: the concentration of ghrelin and leptin in hindmilk was higher than that of foremilk in both groups at eight and 16 weeks. The concentration of ghrelin and leptin was higher in serum than in foremilk in both groups. These values showed a direct and significant linear correlation with the exception of ghrelin in the FBF group. The serum concentration of leptin in mothers explained 32% of the variance of its concentration in foremilk in the FBF and 13% in the PBF groups. Conclusion: the hindmilk/foremilk gradient suggests an intake regulating mechanism during the fed. The concentration of ghrelin and leptin was higher in the serum than in foremilk and its correlation and determination coefficients could suggest plasma-milk transfer in addition to synthesis regulation by the mammary gland, adipose tissue or other organs.
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Ereş G, Su Akgün Demirtaş C, Toptaş E, Yılmaz AD, Sengüven B, Kamburoğlu K. Correlations between the Peptide Hormone Ghrelin and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Experimental Periodontitis Models of Female Rats at Different Stages of the Life Cycle. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 108:104518. [PMID: 31472279 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the correlations between the levels of ghrelin and inflammatory and bone metabolism markers in rats with periodontitis. DESIGN Thirty female Wistar rats (6 trial rats and 4 control rats in each group) were divided into pubertal, adult and postmenopausal groups. Periodontitis was induced by ligatures. On the 21 st day, blood was collected and all rats were then sacrificed. The levels of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, alkaline phosphatase, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), acylated ghrelin, total ghrelin and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligands in the blood samples were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The jaws were decalcified in a Tris-EDTA solution and embedded in paraffin and 4-5 μm sections were cut for IL-β, TNF -α and ghrelin staining. RESULTS Significantly higher serum alkaline phosphatase levels were detected in the trial rats in the pubertal group than in the control rats (p = 0.033). In the postmenopausal group, ghrelin levels positively correlated with interleukin 1 beta levels (r = 0.708, p < 0.05). Among all trial rats, the postmenopausal group exhibited significantly higher levels of acylated ghrelin than the other groups (p = 0.001). Significantly higher osteoprotegerin levels were observed in the control rats than in the trial rats in the postmenopausal group (p = 0.012). Inflammation scores were significantly higher in adult trial rats than in controls (p = 0.024); significantly higher TNF-α levels were detected in postmenopausal experimental rats than in the adult experimental group (p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS We concluded that total ghrelin levels in serum only correlated with IL-β levels in postmenopausal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülden Ereş
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Ece Toptaş
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ayça Dilara Yılmaz
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Burcu Sengüven
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Kıvanç Kamburoğlu
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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