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Choudhury AA, Arumugam M, Ponnusamy N, Sivaraman D, Sertsemariam W, Thiruvengadam M, Pandiaraj S, Rahaman M, Devi Rajeswari V. Anti-diabetic drug discovery using the bioactive compounds of Momordica charantia by molecular docking and molecular dynamics analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38334124 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2313156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial life-threatening endocrine disease characterized by abnormalities in glucose metabolism. It is a chronic metabolic disease that involves multiple enzymes such as α-amylase and α-glucosidases. Inhibition of these enzymes has been identified as a promising method for managing diabetes, and researchers are currently focusing on discovering novel α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors for diabetes therapy. Hence, we have selected 12 bioactive compounds from the Momordica charantia (MC) plant and performed a virtual screening and molecular dynamics investigation to identify natural inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidases. Our in silico result revealed that phytocompound Rutin showed the highest binding affinity against α-amylase (1HNY) enzymes at (-11.68 kcal/mol), followed by Karaviloside II (-9.39), Momordicoside F (-9.19), Campesterol (-9.11. While docking against α-glucosidases (4J5T), Rutin again showed the greatest binding affinity (-11.93 kcal/mol), followed by Momordicine (-9.89), and Campesterol (-8.99). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation research is currently the gold standard for drug design and discovery. Consequently, we conducted simulations of 100 nanoseconds (ns) to assess the stability of protein-ligand complexes based on parameters like RMSD, RMSF, RG, PCA, and FEL. The significance of our findings indicates that rutin from MC might serve as an effective natural therapeutic agent for diabetes management due to its strongest binding affinities with α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Further research in animals and humans is essential to validate the efficacy of these drug molecules.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Alam Choudhury
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, India
| | - Mohanapriya Arumugam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, India
| | - Nirmaladevi Ponnusamy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, India
| | | | - Woldie Sertsemariam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, India
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Saravanan Pandiaraj
- Department of Self-Development Skills, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafizur Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - V Devi Rajeswari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, India
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Dunseath GJ, Vatavu ID, Luzio SD. Comparability Evaluation of Three Benchtop Glucose Analyzers With the Recently Withdrawn YSI 2300 Stat Plus. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2024:19322968241230337. [PMID: 38328954 DOI: 10.1177/19322968241230337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared the performance of three currently available laboratory benchtop glucose analyzers with the outgoing YSI 2300 Stat Plus. METHODS Plasma samples (100), across a wide glucose concentration range were analysed on the YSI 2500, Randox daytona+ (glucose oxidase) and EKF Biosen in a single laboratory and compared to the YSI 2300 Stat Plus. RESULTS All three analyzers showed good agreement with the YSI 2300 Stat Plus, and only a small bias (≤1% YSI 2500 and Randox daytona+, 4.6% EKF Biosen) was observed for each analyzer. None of the three comparator analyzers were affected by either proportional or constant bias, thus no significant differences between the YSI 2300 Stat Plus and the comparator methods were identified. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study suggest all could be considered as suitable reference laboratory glucose analyzers and replacements for the recently withdrawn YSI 2300 Stat Plus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth J Dunseath
- Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science (FMHLS), Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Iulius-Dumitru Vatavu
- Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science (FMHLS), Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Stephen D Luzio
- Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science (FMHLS), Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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103
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Nii Y, Takahashi E, Tabata M, Furusato S, Katsumata M, Uechi M. Hypoglycemia after Mitral Valve Repair in Dogs. Vet Sci 2024; 11:79. [PMID: 38393097 PMCID: PMC10891857 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoglycemia has not been previously reported as a postoperative complication of mitral valve repair (MVR) in dogs; however, the authors have encountered cases of hypoglycemia after MVR. This study aimed to determine the incidence of hypoglycemia in dogs after MVR and investigate its causes. Blood glucose levels were measured at multiple timepoints in dogs undergoing MVR. Simultaneously, insulin and glucagon blood concentrations in dogs with hypoglycemia preoperatively and postoperatively were compared to verify the physiological responses to hypoglycemia. Furthermore, risk factors for hypoglycemia, using variables selected based on the characteristics of MVR and dogs undergoing MVR, were examined prospectively. The incidence of hypoglycemia after MVR was 14.2%, and plasma glucagon concentrations increased in these dogs (mean: 260 pg/mL and 644 pg/mL pre- and postoperatively, p < 0.001), whereas serum insulin concentrations decreased (median: 0.50 ng/mL and 0.29 ng/mL pre- and postoperatively, p = 0.002). Therefore, hyperinsulinemia or hypoglucagonemia is unlikely to be the cause of postoperative hypoglycemia. The identified risk factors for hypoglycemia included low body weight and asymptomatic myxomatous mitral valve disease. Monitoring blood glucose levels after MVR should be included in the standard hospitalization plan to prevent hypoglycemic emergencies in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Nii
- JASMINE Veterinary Cardiovascular Medical Center, Yokohama 224-0001, Japan; (Y.N.); (E.T.); (S.F.)
- Laboratory of Nutrition of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan;
| | - Emi Takahashi
- JASMINE Veterinary Cardiovascular Medical Center, Yokohama 224-0001, Japan; (Y.N.); (E.T.); (S.F.)
- Arsci Inc., Yokohama 224-0001, Japan;
| | | | - Shimon Furusato
- JASMINE Veterinary Cardiovascular Medical Center, Yokohama 224-0001, Japan; (Y.N.); (E.T.); (S.F.)
| | - Masaya Katsumata
- Laboratory of Nutrition of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan;
| | - Masami Uechi
- JASMINE Veterinary Cardiovascular Medical Center, Yokohama 224-0001, Japan; (Y.N.); (E.T.); (S.F.)
- Arsci Inc., Yokohama 224-0001, Japan;
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104
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Oh AR, Lee DY, Lee S, Lee JH, Yang K, Choi B, Park J. Association between Preoperative Glucose Dysregulation and Delirium after Non-Cardiac Surgery. J Clin Med 2024; 13:932. [PMID: 38398245 PMCID: PMC10889204 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13040932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between glucose dysregulation and delirium after non-cardiac surgery. Among a total of 203,787 patients who underwent non-cardiac surgery between January 2011 and June 2019 at our institution, we selected 61,805 with available preoperative blood glucose levels within 24 h before surgery. Patients experiencing glucose dysregulation were divided into three groups: hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and both. We compared the incidence of postoperative delirium within 30 days after surgery between exposed and unexposed patients according to the type of glucose dysregulation. The overall incidence of hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and both was 5851 (9.5%), 1452 (2.3%), and 145 (0.2%), respectively. The rate of delirium per 100 person-months of the exposed group was higher than that of the unexposed group in all types of glucose dysregulation. After adjustment, the hazard ratios of glucose dysregulation in the development of delirium were 1.35 (95% CI, 1.18-1.56) in hyperglycemia, 1.36 (95% CI, 1.06-1.75) in hypoglycemia, and 3.14 (95% CI, 1.27-7.77) in both. The subgroup analysis showed that exposure to hypoglycemia or both to hypo- and hyperglycemia was not associated with delirium in diabetic patients, but hyperglycemia was consistently associated with postoperative delirium regardless of the presence of diabetes. Preoperative glucose dysregulation was associated with increased risk of delirium after non-cardiac surgery. Our findings may be helpful for preventing postoperative delirium, and further investigations are required to verify the association and mechanisms for the effect we observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Ran Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwa Lee
- Rehabilitation & Prevention Center, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmo Yang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungchan Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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105
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Wang Y. Postprandial Plasma Glucose Measured from Blood Taken between 4 and 7.9 h Is Positively Associated with Mortality from Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:53. [PMID: 38392267 PMCID: PMC10888633 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
It is unknown whether postprandial plasma glucose measured from blood taken between 4 and 7.9 h (PPG4-7.9h) is associated with mortality from hypertension, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to investigate these associations in 4896 US adults who attended the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of PPG4-7.9h for mortality. This cohort was followed up for 106,300 person-years (mean follow-up, 21.7 years). A 1-natural-log-unit increase in PPG4-7.9h was associated with a higher risk of mortality from hypertension (HR, 3.50; 95% CI, 2.34-5.24), diabetes (HR, 11.7; 95% CI, 6.85-20.0), and CVD (HR, 2.76; 95% CI, 2.08-3.68) after adjustment for all the tested confounders except hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). After further adjustment for HbA1c, PPG4-7.9h remained positively associated with mortality from both hypertension (HR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.13-4.08) and CVD (HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.05-2.51), but was no longer associated with diabetes mortality. Subgroup analyses showed that similar results were obtained in the sub-cohort of participants without a prior diagnosis of myocardial infarction or stroke. In conclusion, PPG4-7.9h predicts mortality from hypertension and CVD, independent of HbA1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutang Wang
- Discipline of Life Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
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106
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Kashevarova NM, Khaova EA, Tkachenko AG. The regulatory effects of (p)ppGpp and indole on cAMP synthesis in Escherichia coli cells. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2024; 28:15-23. [PMID: 38465243 PMCID: PMC10917672 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-24-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial stress adaptive response is formed due to changes in the cell gene expression profile in response to alterations in environmental conditions through the functioning of regulatory networks. The mutual influence of network signaling molecules represented by cells' natural metabolites, including indole and second messengers (p) ppGpp and cAMP, is hitherto not well understood, being the aim of this study. E. coli parent strain BW25141 ((p) ppGpp+) and deletion knockout BW25141ΔrelAΔspoT which is unable to synthesize (p)ppGpp ((p)ppGpp0) were cultivated in M9 medium supplemented with different glucose concentrations (5.6 and 22.2 mM) in the presence of tryptophan as a substrate for indole synthesis and in its absence. The glucose content was determined with the glucose oxidase method; the indole content, by means of HPLC; and the cAMP concentration, by ELISA. The onset of an increase in initially low intracellular cAMP content coincided with the depletion of glucose in the medium. Maximum cAMP accumulation in the cells was proportional to the concentration of initially added glucose. At the same time, the (p) ppGpp0 mutant showed a decrease in maximum cAMP levels compared to the (p)ppGpp+ parent, which was the most pronounced in the medium with 22.2 mM glucose. So, (p)ppGpp was able to positively regulate cAMP formation. The promoter of the tryptophanase operon responsible for indole biosynthesis is known to be under the positive control of catabolic repression. Therefore, in the cells of the (p)ppGpp+ strain grown in the tryptophan-free medium that were characterized by a low rate of spontaneous indole formation, its synthesis significantly increased in response to the rising cAMP level just after glucose depletion. However, this was not observed in the (p)ppGpp0 mutant cells with reduced cAMP accumulation. When tryptophan was added to the medium, both of these strains demonstrated high indole production, which was accompanied by a decrease in cAMP accumulation compared to the tryptophan-free control. Thus, under glucose depletion, (p)ppGpp can positively regulate the accumulation of both cAMP and indole, while the latter, in its turn, has a negative effect on cAMP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Kashevarova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | - E A Khaova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | - A G Tkachenko
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
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107
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Ramírez-Agámez L, Hernández-Avilés C, Ortíz I, Love CC, Varner DD, Hinrichs K. Lactate as the sole energy substrate induces spontaneous acrosome reaction in viable stallion spermatozoa. Andrology 2024; 12:459-471. [PMID: 37300872 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine spermatozoa appear to differ from spermatozoa of other species in using oxidative phosphorylation preferentially over glycolysis. However, there is little information regarding effects of different energy sources on measured parameters in equine spermatozoa. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of three individual energy substrates, glucose, pyruvate, and lactate, on motion characteristics, membrane integrity, and acrosomal status of stallion spermatozoa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Freshly ejaculated stallion spermatozoa were incubated with combinations of glucose (5 mm), pyruvate (10 mm), and lactate (10 mm) for 0.5 to 4 h. Response to calcium ionophore A23187 (5 μm) was used to evaluate capacitation status. Motility was evaluated using computer-assisted sperm analysis, and plasma membrane and acrosomal integrity were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS Incubation with lactate alone for 2 h increased acrosomal sensitivity to A23187. Notably, incubation with lactate alone for 4 h induced a significant spontaneous increase in acrosome-reacted, membrane-intact (viable) spermatozoa, to approximately 50% of the live population, whereas no increase was seen with incubation in glucose or pyruvate alone. This acrosomal effect was observed in spermatozoa incubated at physiological pH as well as under alkaline conditions (medium pH approximately 8.5). Sperm motility declined concomitantly with the increase in acrosome-reacted spermatozoa. Sperm motility was significantly higher in pyruvate-only medium than in glucose or lactate. The addition of pyruvate to lactate-containing medium increased sperm motility but reduced the proportion of live acrosome-reacted spermatozoa in a dose-dependent fashion. DISCUSSION This is the first study to demonstrate that incubation with a specific energy substrate, lactate, is associated with spontaneous acrosome reaction in spermatozoa. The proportion of live, acrosome-reacted spermatozoa obtained is among the highest reported for equine spermatozoa. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the delicate control of key sperm functions, and may serve as a basis to increase our understanding of stallion sperm physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ramírez-Agámez
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Camilo Hernández-Avilés
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Isabel Ortíz
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Charles C Love
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Dickson D Varner
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Katrin Hinrichs
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
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108
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Cheng H, Zhang Y, Cai X, Liu C, Wang Z, Ye H, Pan Y, Jia D, Lin H. Boosting Zinc Storage Performance of Li 3 VO 4 Cathode Material for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries via Carbon-Incorporation: A Study Combining Theory and Experiment. Small 2024; 20:e2305762. [PMID: 37759422 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In the search for sustainable cathode materials for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs), vanadium (V)-based materials have garnered interest, primarily due to their abundance and multiple oxidation states. Among the contenders, Li3 VO4 (LiVO) stands out for its affordability, high specific capacity, and elevated ionic conductivity. However, its limited electrical conductivity results in significant resistance polarization, limiting its rate capability, especially under high currents. Through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, this study evaluates the electrochemical implications of carbon (C) incorporation within the LiVO matrix. The findings indicate that C integration significantly ameliorates the conductivity of LiVO. Moreover, C serves as a barrier, mitigating direct interactions between Zn2+ and LiVO, which in turn expedites Zn2+ diffusion. When considering various C materials for this role, glucose is emerged as the optimal candidate. The LiVO/C-glucose composite (LiVO/C-G) is observed to undergo dual phase transitions during charge-discharge cycles, resulting in an amorphous vanadium-oxygen (VO) derivative, paving the way for subsequent electrochemical reactions. Collectively, the insights pave a promising avenue for refining AZIB cathode design and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, P. R. China
| | - Xuanxuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, P. R. China
| | - Chenfan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, P. R. China
| | - Hang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, P. R. China
| | - Yanliang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, P. R. China
| | - Dianzeng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, P. R. China
| | - He Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, P. R. China
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Poppitt SD, Miles-Chan JL. Include oats, barley and soluble fibre in your diet: an achievable goal to improve cardiometabolic health. Ann Transl Med 2024; 12:17. [PMID: 38304905 PMCID: PMC10777244 DOI: 10.21037/atm-23-1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sally D. Poppitt
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer L. Miles-Chan
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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110
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Kocaaga E, Inal-Ince D, Dogru D, Alikasifoglu A, Ademhan-Tural D, Bozdemir-Ozel C, Calik-Kutukcu E, Saglam M, Vardar-Yagli N, Emiralioglu N. Exercise performance in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis with and without abnormal glucose tolerance: a single center cross-sectional study. Physiother Theory Pract 2024; 40:230-240. [PMID: 36043898 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2116300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) in cystic fibrosis (CF) affects lung function and clinical parameters, including aerobic fitness. However, its effects on physical activity level (PAL), anaerobic power (AP), and muscle strength (MS) in children and adolescents are unknown. PURPOSE To investigate aerobic fitness, PAL, AP, and MS in pediatric patients with mild-to-moderate CF and AGT. METHODS The study included children and adolescents with CF aged 10-18 years. Participants underwent a pulmonary function test, quadriceps, and handgrip MS measurement, vertical jump test to assess AP, and six-minute walk test (6MWT) to assess aerobic fitness. Bouchard's Three-Day Physical Activity record was used to determine PAL. RESULTS Height z-score (p = .006), 6MWT (p = .024), handgrip (p = .028), quadriceps MS (p = .044), and AP (p = .036) were significantly lower in AGT (n = 21) than normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 19). In the AGT group, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was significantly associated with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (p = .046). 6MWT distance (6MWD) was associated with height (p = .008), FEV1 (p = .001), forced vital capacity (FVC) (p = .001), forced expiratory flow from 25% to 75% (FEF25-75%) (p = .030), handgrip MS (p = .012), and PAL (p = .034). After adjusting for height and FEV1, the groups had similar 6MWD, MS, and AP (p > .05); also, insulin was associated with MS and AP but not with 6MWT or quadriceps MS. CONCLUSION Measures of aerobic fitness, MS, and AP are lower in AGT, but after adjusting for height and FEV1, aerobic fitness, MS, and AP do not show substantial differences. Insulin sensitivity and resistance are associated with MS and AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kocaaga
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Sihhiye Campus, Hacettepe University, Samanpazari, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Inal-Ince
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Sihhiye Campus, Hacettepe University, Samanpazari, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Dogru
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Chest Medicine, Sihhiye Campus, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Alikasifoglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sihhiye Campus, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilber Ademhan-Tural
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Chest Medicine, Sihhiye Campus, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemile Bozdemir-Ozel
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Meselik Campus, Eskisehir Osman Gazi University, Odunpazarı, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ebru Calik-Kutukcu
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Sihhiye Campus, Hacettepe University, Samanpazari, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melda Saglam
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Sihhiye Campus, Hacettepe University, Samanpazari, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Naciye Vardar-Yagli
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Sihhiye Campus, Hacettepe University, Samanpazari, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nagehan Emiralioglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Chest Medicine, Sihhiye Campus, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Mohammadi A, Goodarzi N. Characterization of the pancreas of common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus): A light and transmission electron microscope study. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:339-348. [PMID: 37830262 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The present work was carried out to investigate the structure and ultra structure of the pancreas in the common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus). Totally, five healthy adult pheasant were used. The pancreas was assessed using histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The pancreas was composed of four lobes: dorsal, ventral, third, and splenic lobes. These lobes emptied into ascending duodenum through three excretory ducts as: ventral duct, splenic duct, and a common duct for dorsal and third lobes. The exocrine pancreas was constituted of pyramidal-shaped acinar cells with aggregation of zymogen granules at their apical cytoplasm. The endocrine pancreas was identified as large islet of Langerhans as α islets and small islets as β ones. No mixed islet was observed. At the level of TEM, two types of acinar cells were distinguished: Dark cells with electron dense cytoplasm, and indented nucleus, Light cells with electron lucent cytoplasm, and regular nucleus. The α islets were mainly constituted by A and D cells, whereas the β islets principally contained B cells and a few A cells. No D cells were identified in β islets. B cells were characterized by their polymorphic granules which were surrounded by a narrow halo zone. The granules of D cells were quite different. These cells contained large spherical granules with lower density as compared to the A or B granules surrounded by a limiting membrane. In conclusion, the pancreas of the common pheasant has a species-specific feature which must be considered in phylogenic studies. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The common pheasant's pancreas was composed of four lobes as dorsal, ventral, third, and splenic lobe. There were three excretory ducts. Ventral duct for ventral lobe, a common duct for both dorsal and third lobes, and a distinct splenic duct for splenic lobe. The exocrine acini were composed of two distinct types of cells: dark cells and light cells. The large alpha islets were composed of alpha cells and a few numbers of delta cells and small beta islets were composed of beta cells and a few numbers of alpha cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asreen Mohammadi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nader Goodarzi
- Department of Basic Sciences and Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Kloock S, Skudelny D, Kranke P, Güder G, Weismann D, Fassnacht M, Ziegler CG, Dischinger U. Association of preclinical blood glucose with hospitalization rate and in-hospital mortality: A single-center retrospective cohort study. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2024; 5:e13091. [PMID: 38179412 PMCID: PMC10764236 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Critical illness is often accompanied by elevated blood glucose, which generally correlates with increased morbidity and mortality. Prehospital blood glucose (PBG) level might be a useful and easy-to-perform tool for risk assessment in emergency medicine. This retrospective single-center cohort study was designed to analyze the association of prehospital glucose measurements with hospitalization rate and in-hospital mortality. Methods Records of 970 patients admitted to a university hospital by an emergency physician were analyzed. Patients with a PBG ≥140 mg/dL (G1, n = 394, equal to 7.8 mmol/L) were compared with patients with a PBG <140 mg/dL (G2, n = 576). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to correct for age, prediagnosed diabetes, and sex. Results Five hundred thirty-four patients (55%) were hospitalized. In comparison to normoglycemic patients, hyperglycemic patients were more likely to be hospitalized with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.48 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-1.97), more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with an adjusted OR of 1.74 (95% CI 1.31-2.31) and more likely to die in the hospital with an adjusted OR of 1.84 (95% CI 0.96-3.53). Hospitalized hyperglycemic patients had a median length of stay of 6.0 days (interquartile range [IQR] 8.0) compared to 3.0 days (IQR 6.0) in the normoglycemic group (P < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis of cases without known diabetes, patients with PBG ≥140 mg/dL were more likely to be hospitalized with an adjusted OR of 1.49 (95% CI 1.10-2.03) and more likely to be admitted to ICU/intermediate care with an adjusted OR of 1.80 (95% CI 1.32-2.45), compared to normoglycemic patients. Conclusion Elevated PBG ≥140 mg/dL was associated with a higher hospitalization risk, a longer length of stay, and a higher mortality risk and may therefore be included in risk assessment scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kloock
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology and DiabetesUniversity HospitalUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Danilo Skudelny
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of CardiologyUniversity HospitalUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Peter Kranke
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain MedicineUniversity HospitalUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Gülmisal Güder
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of CardiologyUniversity HospitalUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Dirk Weismann
- Department of Internal MedicineIntensive Care UnitUniversity HospitalUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology and DiabetesUniversity HospitalUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Christian G. Ziegler
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology and DiabetesUniversity HospitalUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Department of Internal Medicine IIIUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Ulrich Dischinger
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology and DiabetesUniversity HospitalUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
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Aldaghi T, Muzik J. Multicriteria Decision-Making in Diabetes Management and Decision Support: Systematic Review. JMIR Med Inform 2024; 12:e47701. [PMID: 38300703 PMCID: PMC10870205 DOI: 10.2196/47701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus prevalence is increasing among adults and children around the world. Diabetes care is complex; examining the diet, type of medication, diabetes recognition, and willingness to use self-management tools are just a few of the challenges faced by diabetes clinicians who should make decisions about them. Making the appropriate decisions will reduce the cost of treatment, decrease the mortality rate of diabetes, and improve the life quality of patients with diabetes. Effective decision-making is within the realm of multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. OBJECTIVE The central objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of MCDM methods and then introduce a novel categorization framework for their use in this field. METHODS The literature search was focused on publications from 2003 to 2023. Finally, by applying the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) method, 63 articles were selected and examined. RESULTS The findings reveal that the use of MCDM methods in diabetes research can be categorized into 6 distinct groups: the selection of diabetes medications (19 publications), diabetes diagnosis (12 publications), meal recommendations (8 publications), diabetes management (14 publications), diabetes complication (7 publications), and estimation of diabetes prevalence (3 publications). CONCLUSIONS Our review showed a significant portion of the MCDM literature on diabetes. The research highlights the benefits of using MCDM techniques, which are practical and effective for a variety of diabetes challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmineh Aldaghi
- Spin-off Companies and Research Results Commercialization Center, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Muzik
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies in Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Akamp T, Rosendahl A, Galler KM, Wölflick M, Buchalla W, Widbiller M. An in vitro coculture approach to study the interplay between dental pulp cells and Streptococcus mutans. Int Endod J 2024; 57:164-177. [PMID: 37947494 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To develop a new coculture system that allows exposure of dental pulp cells (DPCs) to Streptococcus mutans and dentine matrix proteins (eDMP) to study cellular interactions in dentine caries. METHODOLOGY Dental pulp cells and S. mutans were cocultured with or without eDMP for 72 h. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed by cell counting and MTT assays, while bacterial growth and viability were determined by CFU and LIVE/DEAD staining. Glucose catabolism and lactate excretion were measured photometrically as metabolic indicators. To evaluate the inflammatory response, the release of cytokines and growth factors (IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β1, VEGF) was determined by ELISA. Non-parametric statistical analyses were performed to compare all groups and time points (Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test; α = .05). RESULTS While eDMP and especially S. mutans reduced the number and viability of DPCs (p ≤ .0462), neither DPCs nor eDMP affected the growth and viability of S. mutans during coculture (p > .0546). The growth of S. mutans followed a common curve, but the death phase was not reached within 72 h. S. mutans consumed medium glucose in only 30 h, whereas in the absence of S. mutans, cells were able to catabolize glucose throughout 72 h, resulting in the corresponding amount of l-lactate. No change in medium pH was observed. S. mutans induced IL-6 production in DPCs (p ≤ .0011), whereas eDMP had no discernible effect (p > .7509). No significant changes in IL-8 were observed (p > .198). TGF-β1, available from eDMP supplementation, was reduced by DPCs over time. VEGF, on the other hand, was increased in all groups during coculture. CONCLUSIONS The results show that the coculture of DPCs and S. mutans is possible without functional impairment. The bacterially induced stimulation of proinflammatory and regenerative cytokines provides a basis for future investigations and the elucidation of molecular biological relationships in pulp defence against caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Akamp
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosendahl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin M Galler
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melanie Wölflick
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Widbiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Petaloti AI, Makri S, Achilias DS. Bioactive Edible Gel Films Based on Wheat Flour and Glucose for Food Packaging Applications. Gels 2024; 10:105. [PMID: 38391435 PMCID: PMC10887972 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to prepare bioactive edible gel films with enhanced properties, the feasibility of using wheat flour as a raw material with glucose added at several concentrations was studied in this investigation. Films were prepared with glucose concentrations of 0.5, 0.7 and 1 g/g of flour and characterized for their physicochemical properties, including water content, solubility, degree of swelling, chemical structure by FT-IR (ATR) spectroscopy, morphology by SEM microscopy, thermal properties by DSC, gas and water vapor permeability and antioxidant activity. Biodegradation studies were also carried out in soil for 27 days and evaluated by weight loss measurements. It was found that the gel film with the higher glucose concentration exhibits a homogeneous and continuous structure with no cracks and no fragility, accompanied by an increased thickness and solubility and a decreased degree of swelling compared to those with lower concentrations. The chemical structure of all films was verified. Moreover, the increase in glucose content leads to better gas barrier properties with lower oxygen, CO2 and water vapor transmission rates and increased water vapor permeability. A slightly elevated melting temperature was observed in the films with higher glucose content. Higher antioxidant activity was also associated with higher percentage of glucose. Finally, the biodegradation of the films ranged from 13 to nearly 70%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the addition of glucose to wheat flour in concentration up to 1 g/g could result in edible gel films with excellent properties to be used in food packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyri-Ioanna Petaloti
- Laboratory of Polymer and Colors Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Styliani Makri
- Laboratory of Polymer and Colors Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitris S Achilias
- Laboratory of Polymer and Colors Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Euceda-Padilla EA, Mateo-Cruz MG, Ávila-González L, Flores-Pucheta CI, Ortega-López J, Talamás-Lara D, Velazquez-Valassi B, Jasso-Villazul L, Arroyo R. Trichomonas vaginalis Legumain-2, TvLEGU-2, Is an Immunogenic Cysteine Peptidase Expressed during Trichomonal Infection. Pathogens 2024; 13:119. [PMID: 38392857 PMCID: PMC10892250 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, the most prevalent nonviral, neglected sexually transmitted disease worldwide. T. vaginalis has one of the largest degradomes among unicellular parasites. Cysteine peptidases (CPs) are the most abundant peptidases, constituting 50% of the degradome. Some CPs are virulence factors recognized by antibodies in trichomoniasis patient sera, and a few are found in vaginal secretions that show fluctuations in glucose concentrations during infection. The CPs of clan CD in T. vaginalis include 10 genes encoding legumain-like peptidases of the C13 family. TvLEGU-2 is one of them and has been identified in multiple proteomes, including the immunoproteome obtained with Tv (+) patient sera. Thus, our goals were to assess the effect of glucose on TvLEGU-2 expression, localization, and in vitro secretion and determine whether TvLEGU-2 is expressed during trichomonal infection. We performed qRT-PCR assays using parasites grown under different glucose conditions. We also generated a specific anti-TvLEGU-2 antibody against a synthetic peptide of the most divergent region of this CP and used it in Western blot (WB) and immunolocalization assays. Additionally, we cloned and expressed the tvlegu-2 gene (TVAG_385340), purified the recombinant TvLEGU-2 protein, and used it as an antigen for immunogenicity assays to test human sera from patients with vaginitis. Our results show that glucose does not affect tvlegu-2 expression but does affect localization in different parasite organelles, such as the plasma membrane, Golgi complex, hydrogenosomes, lysosomes, and secretion vesicles. TvLEGU-2 is secreted in vitro, is present in vaginal secretions, and is immunogenic in sera from Tv (+) patients, suggesting its relevance during trichomonal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esly Alejandra Euceda-Padilla
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero (GAM), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (E.A.E.-P.); (M.G.M.-C.); (L.Á.-G.)
| | - Miriam Guadalupe Mateo-Cruz
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero (GAM), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (E.A.E.-P.); (M.G.M.-C.); (L.Á.-G.)
| | - Leticia Ávila-González
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero (GAM), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (E.A.E.-P.); (M.G.M.-C.); (L.Á.-G.)
| | - Claudia Ivonne Flores-Pucheta
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero (GAM), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (C.I.F.-P.); (J.O.-L.)
| | - Jaime Ortega-López
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero (GAM), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (C.I.F.-P.); (J.O.-L.)
| | - Daniel Talamás-Lara
- Unidad de Microscopía Electrónica, Laboratorios Nacionales De Servicios Experimentales (LaNSE), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero (GAM), Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Beatriz Velazquez-Valassi
- Departamento de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Hospital General de México “Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Lidia Jasso-Villazul
- Unidad de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital General de México “Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Rossana Arroyo
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero (GAM), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (E.A.E.-P.); (M.G.M.-C.); (L.Á.-G.)
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Yang J, Gourley GR, Gilbertsen A, Chen C, Wang L, Smith K, Namenwirth M, Yang L. High Glucose Levels Promote Switch to Synthetic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via Lactate/GPR81. Cells 2024; 13:236. [PMID: 38334628 PMCID: PMC10854508 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, lipotoxicity, and insulin resistance are known to increase the secretion of extracellular matrix from cardiac fibroblasts as well as the activation of paracrine signaling from cardiomyocytes, immune cells, and vascular cells, which release fibroblast-activating mediators. However, their influences on vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) have not been well examined. This study aimed to investigate whether contractile vascular vSMCs could develop a more synthetic phenotype in response to hyperglycemia. The results showed that contractile and synthetic vSMCs consumed high glucose in different ways. Lactate/GPR81 promotes the synthetic phenotype in vSMCs in response to high glucose levels. The stimulation of high glucose was associated with a significant increase in fibroblast-like features: synthetic vSMC marker expression, collagen 1 production, proliferation, and migration. GPR81 expression is higher in blood vessels in diabetic patients and in the high-glucose, high-lipid diet mouse. The results demonstrate that vSMCs assume a more synthetic phenotype when cultured in the presence of high glucose and, consequently, that the high glucose could trigger a vSMC-dependent cardiovascular disease mechanism in diabetes via lactate/GPR81.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Glenn R. Gourley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (G.R.G.); (M.N.)
| | - Adam Gilbertsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (A.G.); (K.S.)
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CFANS, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA; (C.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CFANS, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA; (C.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Karen Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (A.G.); (K.S.)
| | - Marion Namenwirth
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (G.R.G.); (M.N.)
| | - Libang Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (A.G.); (K.S.)
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Bertin L, Zanconato M, Crepaldi M, Marasco G, Cremon C, Barbara G, Barberio B, Zingone F, Savarino EV. The Role of the FODMAP Diet in IBS. Nutrients 2024; 16:370. [PMID: 38337655 PMCID: PMC10857121 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The low FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyol) diet is a beneficial therapeutic approach for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, how the low FODMAP diet works is still not completely understood. These mechanisms encompass not only traditionally known factors such as luminal distension induced by gas and water but also recent evidence on the role of FOMAPs in the modulation of visceral hypersensitivity, increases in intestinal permeability, the induction of microbiota changes, and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as well as metabolomics and alterations in motility. Although most of the supporting evidence is of low quality, recent trials have confirmed its effectiveness, even though the majority of the evidence pertains only to the restriction phase and its effectiveness in relieving abdominal bloating and pain. This review examines potential pathophysiological mechanisms and provides an overview of the existing evidence on the effectiveness of the low FODMAP diet across various IBS subtypes. Key considerations for its use include the challenges and disadvantages associated with its practical implementation, including the need for professional guidance, variations in individual responses, concerns related to microbiota, nutritional deficiencies, the development of constipation, the necessity of excluding an eating disorder before commencing the diet, and the scarcity of long-term data. Despite its recognized efficacy in symptom management, acknowledging these limitations becomes imperative for a nuanced comprehension of the role of a low FODMAP diet in managing IBS. By investigating its potential mechanisms and evidence across IBS subtypes and addressing emerging modulations alongside limitations, this review aims to serve as a valuable resource for healthcare practitioners, researchers, and patients navigating the intricate landscape of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Bertin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (L.B.); (M.Z.); (M.C.); (B.B.); (F.Z.)
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale-Università Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Miriana Zanconato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (L.B.); (M.Z.); (M.C.); (B.B.); (F.Z.)
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale-Università Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Crepaldi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (L.B.); (M.Z.); (M.C.); (B.B.); (F.Z.)
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale-Università Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marasco
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.M.); (C.C.); (G.B.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cesare Cremon
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.M.); (C.C.); (G.B.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barbara
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.M.); (C.C.); (G.B.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Brigida Barberio
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (L.B.); (M.Z.); (M.C.); (B.B.); (F.Z.)
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale-Università Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Fabiana Zingone
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (L.B.); (M.Z.); (M.C.); (B.B.); (F.Z.)
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale-Università Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (L.B.); (M.Z.); (M.C.); (B.B.); (F.Z.)
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale-Università Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
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Gidske G, Sandberg S, Fauskanger P, Pelanti J, Tollånes MC, Solsvik AE, Sølvik UØ, Vie WS, Stavelin A. Aggregated data from the same laboratories participating in two glucose external quality assessment schemes show that commutability and transfers of values to control materials are decisive for the biases found. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:77-84. [PMID: 37470304 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We report the results of glucose measurements performed during one year by the same measurement procedures (MPs) in 58 Norwegian hospital laboratories using control materials provided by external quality assessment (EQA) schemes from two different providers. The providers used materials with presumed vs. verified commutability and transfers of values using reference material vs. using a highest-order reference MP. METHODS Data from six Labquality and three Noklus glucose EQA surveys were aggregated for each MP (Abbott Alinity, Abbott Architect, Roche Cobas, and Siemens Advia) in each scheme. For each EQA result, percent difference from target value (% bias) was calculated. Median percent bias for each MP per scheme was then calculated. RESULTS The median % biases observed for each MP in the Labquality scheme were significantly larger than those in the Noklus scheme, which uses verified commutable control materials and highest-order reference MP target values. The difference ranged from 1.2 (Roche Cobas, 2.9 vs. 1.7 %) to 4.4 percentage points (Siemens Advia, 3.2 % vs. -1.2 %). The order of bias size for the various MPs was different in the two schemes. In contrast to the Labquality scheme, the median % biases observed in the Noklus scheme for Abbott Alinity (-0.1 %), Abbott Architect (-0.5 %), and Siemens Advia (-1.2 %) were not significantly different from target value (p>0.756). CONCLUSIONS This study underlines the importance of using verified commutable EQA materials and target values traceable to reference MPs in EQA schemes designed for assessment of metrological traceability of laboratory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gro Gidske
- The Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sverre Sandberg
- The Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pernille Fauskanger
- The Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Mette C Tollånes
- The Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne E Solsvik
- The Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Una Ø Sølvik
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Wenche S Vie
- The Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Stavelin
- The Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhao Y. Correlation of levels of lactic acid and glucose in cerebrospinal fluid of cerebral hemorrhage patients with the occurrence of postoperative intracranial infection and clinical prognosis. J Med Biochem 2024; 43:36-42. [PMID: 38496025 PMCID: PMC10943468 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-44058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral haemorrhage is a critical condition that often requires surgical treatment, and postoperative intracranial infection can significantly impact patient outcomes. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between the levels of lactic acid and glucose in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with cerebral haemorrhage and their postoperative intracranial infection and clinical prognosis. Methods The study selected the clinical data of 324 patients with cerebral haemorrhage who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 for retrospective analysis and divided these patients into the intracranial infection group (Group A, n=22, leukocyte values in CSF>5×106/L) and the non-intracranial infection group (Group B, n=302, leukocyte values in CSF 5×106/L) according to the occurrence of postoperative intracranial infection in patients to detect the levels of lactic acid and glucose in CSF at different times in the two groups. Pearson method was adopted to analyze the correlation of the levels of lactic acid and glucose in CSF of patients with intracranial infection, and the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was used to assess the clinical prognosis of patients. According to their scores, these patients were divided into the good prognosis group (GPG, scores of 4-5 points, n=178) and the poor prognosis group (PPG, scores of 1-3 points, n=146). The levels of lactic acid and glucose in the CSF of patients in the two groups were measured, and the Pearson method was adopted to analyze the relationship between these levels and clinical prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Dongying Peoples Hospital, Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, Dongying, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Dongying Peoples Hospital, Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, Dongying, China
| | - Xiaotian Wang
- Dongying Peoples Hospital, Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, Dongying, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Dongying Peoples Hospital, Administration Department of Nosocomial Infection Dongying, China
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Sims EK, Cuthbertson D, Jacobsen L, Ismail HM, Nathan BM, Herold KC, Redondo MJ, Sosenko J. Comparisons of Metabolic Measures to Predict T1D vs. Detect a Preventive Treatment Effect in High-Risk Individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024:dgae048. [PMID: 38267821 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Metabolic measures are frequently used to predict T1D and to understand effects of disease-modifying therapies. OBJECTIVE Compare metabolic endpoints for their ability to detect preventive treatment effects and predict T1D. DESIGN Six-month changes in metabolic endpoints were assessed for: 1) detecting treatment effects by comparing placebo and treatment arms from the randomized controlled teplizumab prevention trial and 2) predicting T1D in the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention natural history study. SETTING Multicenter clinical trial network. INTERVENTION 14-day intravenous teplizumab infusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES T-values from t tests for detecting a treatment effect were compared to Chi-square values from proportional hazards regression for predicting T1D for each metabolic measure. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Participants in the teplizumab prevention trial and participants in the Pathway to Prevention study selected with the same inclusion criteria used for the teplizumab trial were studied. RESULTS Six-month changes in glucose-based endpoints predicted diabetes better than C-peptide-based endpoints, yet the latter were better at detecting a teplizumab effect. Combined measures of glucose and C-peptide were more balanced than measures of glucose alone or C-peptide alone for predicting diabetes and detecting a teplizumab effect. CONCLUSIONS The capacity of a metabolic endpoint to detect a treatment effect does not necessarily correspond to its accuracy for predicting T1D. However, combined glucose and C-peptide endpoints appear to be effective for both predicting diabetes and detecting a response to immunotherapy. These findings suggest that combined glucose and C-peptide endpoints should be incorporated into the design of future T1D prevention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Sims
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - David Cuthbertson
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Epidemiology Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Laura Jacobsen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Heba M Ismail
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Brandon M Nathan
- University of Minnesota, Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Kevan C Herold
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Departments of Immunobiology and Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Maria J Redondo
- Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jay Sosenko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, University of Miami, Miami, FL
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL
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Wang L, Guo R, Li L, Tao Q, Xu Q, Yang X, Liu X, Li J, Wang L, Chang J, Cao C, Wen Y, Song S, Liu G. Construction of an Enzyme Cascade Based on the Accurate Adjacent Arrangement of Coupled Enzymes Using a Triblock PolyA DNA Probe. JACS Au 2024; 4:228-236. [PMID: 38274249 PMCID: PMC10806774 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular enzyme cascades are essential for various biological processes, and mimicking their functions in artificial systems has attracted significant research attention. However, achieving convenient and efficient spatial organization of enzymes on interfaces remains a critical challenge. In this work, we designed a simple single-DNA scaffold using triblock polyA single-stranded DNA for the arrangement of coupled enzymes. The scaffold was assembled onto a gold electrode through the affinity of polyA-Au, and two enzymes (glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase) were captured through hybridization. The molecular distance between the enzymes was regulated by changing the length of the polyA fragment. As a proof of concept, a glucose biosensor was constructed based on the enzyme cascade amplification. The biosensor exhibited excellent detection capability for glucose in human serum samples with a limit of detection of 1.6 μM. Additionally, a trienzyme cascade reaction was successfully activated, demonstrating the potential scalability of our approach for multienzyme reactions. This study provides a promising platform for the development of easy-to-operate, highly efficient, and versatile enzyme cascade systems using DNA scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Metrology for state market regulation, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ruiyan Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Metrology for state market regulation, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lanying Li
- Key
Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Metrology for state market regulation, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Tao
- Key
Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Metrology for state market regulation, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Metrology for state market regulation, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Metrology for state market regulation, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Institute
of Materiobiology, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Institute
of Materiobiology, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Institute
of Materiobiology, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jinxue Chang
- Key
Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Metrology for state market regulation, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chengming Cao
- Key
Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Metrology for state market regulation, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanli Wen
- Key
Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Metrology for state market regulation, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shiping Song
- Institute
of Materiobiology, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Metrology for state market regulation, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai 201203, China
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Elbira A, Hafiz M, Hernández-Álvarez AJ, Zulyniak MA, Boesch C. Protein Hydrolysates and Bioactive Peptides as Mediators of Blood Glucose-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Acute and Long-Term Studies. Nutrients 2024; 16:323. [PMID: 38276562 PMCID: PMC10818427 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health concern associated with high mortality and reduced life expectancy. Since diabetes is closely linked with lifestyle, not surprisingly, nutritional intervention and increased physical activity could play a vital role in attenuating the problems related to diabetes. Protein hydrolysates (PHs) and their bioactive peptides (BP) have been shown to exert a wide range of biological effects, including antioxidative, antihypertensive, and in particular, hypoglycaemic activities. To better understand the efficacy of such interventions, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were performed concerning the influence of protein hydrolysates on glycaemic biomarkers in subjects with and without hyperglycaemia. Five different databases were used to search for RCTs. In total, 37 RCTs were included in the systematic review and 29 RCTs in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction in postprandial blood glucose response (PPGR) in normoglycaemic (-0.22 mmol/L; 95% CI -0.43, -0.01; p ≤ 0.05) and in hyperglycaemic adults (-0.88 mmol/L; 95% CI -1.37, -0.39; p ≤ 0.001) compared with the respective control groups. A meta-regression analysis revealed a dose-dependent response for PPGR following PH consumption in normoglycaemic adults, specifically for doses ≤ 30 g. The postprandial blood insulin responses (PPIR) were significantly higher after the ingestion of PHs in both the group with and the group without hyperglycaemia, respectively (23.05 mIU/L; 95% CI 7.53, 38.57; p ≤ 0.01 and 12.57 mIU/L; 95% CI 2.72, 22.41; p ≤ 0.01), compared with controls. In terms of long-term responses, there was a small but significant reduction in both fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in response to PH compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The PHs significantly improved the parameters of glycaemia in adults and, hence, it may contribute to the management and regulation of the future risk of developing T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arig Elbira
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (A.E.); (M.H.); (A.J.H.-Á.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Maryam Hafiz
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (A.E.); (M.H.); (A.J.H.-Á.); (M.A.Z.)
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alan Javier Hernández-Álvarez
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (A.E.); (M.H.); (A.J.H.-Á.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Michael A. Zulyniak
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (A.E.); (M.H.); (A.J.H.-Á.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Christine Boesch
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (A.E.); (M.H.); (A.J.H.-Á.); (M.A.Z.)
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Abraham MK, Madanan AS, Varghese S, R S L, Shkhair AI, N S V, George S. Fluorescent Enzymatic Sensor Based Glucose Oxidase Modified Bovine Serum Albumin-Gold nanoclusters for Detection of Glucose. Chempluschem 2024:e202300601. [PMID: 38241333 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
An enzymatic fluorescent probe is developed for the selective detection of glucose. In this work, a Bovine Serum Albumin stabilized gold nanocluster (BSA-AuNCs) was synthesized by microwave assisted method, and it is modified with glucose oxidase, thereby a fluorescent enzymatic sensor (BSA-AuNCs@GoX) was designed for the sensitive detection of glucose with a limit of detection of 0.03 mM. The red fluorescence exhibited by the probe is quenched by the production of H2 O2 on addition of glucose via. a static quenching mechanism from UV visible absorption and Fluorescence lifetime results. The developed probe exhibits good selectivity and sensitivity with other coexisting molecular species such as glycine, creatinine, methionine, histidine, uric acid, albumin, and ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc etc. that appear in the body fluid. The practical applicability was studied in paper strip and extended its reproducibility in biological matrixes such as human serum and urine and found a good recovery percentage of 94-101 %. By this way, we have fabricated an effective fluorescent enzymatic "turn-off" sensing probe for the detection of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merin K Abraham
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapura, 695581, Kerala, India Phone
| | - Anju S Madanan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapura, 695581, Kerala, India Phone
| | - Susan Varghese
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapura, 695581, Kerala, India Phone
| | - Lekshmi R S
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapura, 695581, Kerala, India Phone
| | - Ali Ibrahim Shkhair
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapura, 695581, Kerala, India Phone
| | - Vijila N S
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapura, 695581, Kerala, India Phone
| | - Sony George
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapura, 695581, Kerala, India Phone
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Wang C, Abadpour S, Olsen PA, Wang D, Stokowiec J, Chera S, Ghila L, Ræder H, Krauss S, Aizenshtadt A, Scholz H. Glucose Concentration in Regulating Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Differentiation Toward Insulin-Producing Cells. Transpl Int 2024; 37:11900. [PMID: 38304198 PMCID: PMC10830798 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.11900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The generation of insulin-producing cells from human-induced pluripotent stem cells holds great potential for diabetes modeling and treatment. However, existing protocols typically involve incubating cells with un-physiologically high concentrations of glucose, which often fail to generate fully functional IPCs. Here, we investigated the influence of high (20 mM) versus low (5.5 mM) glucose concentrations on IPCs differentiation in three hiPSC lines. In two hiPSC lines that were unable to differentiate to IPCs sufficiently, we found that high glucose during differentiation leads to a shortage of NKX6.1+ cells that have co-expression with PDX1 due to insufficient NKX6.1 gene activation, thus further reducing differentiation efficiency. Furthermore, high glucose during differentiation weakened mitochondrial respiration ability. In the third iPSC line, which is IPC differentiation amenable, glucose concentrations did not affect the PDX1/NKX6.1 expression and differentiation efficiency. In addition, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was only seen in the differentiation under a high glucose condition. These IPCs have higher KATP channel activity and were linked to sufficient ABCC8 gene expression under a high glucose condition. These data suggest high glucose concentration during IPC differentiation is necessary to generate functional IPCs. However, in cell lines that were IPC differentiation unamenable, high glucose could worsen the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencheng Wang
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Hybrid Technology Hub, Center of Excellence, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shadab Abadpour
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Hybrid Technology Hub, Center of Excellence, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter Angell Olsen
- Hybrid Technology Hub, Center of Excellence, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daxin Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Justyna Stokowiec
- Hybrid Technology Hub, Center of Excellence, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simona Chera
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Luiza Ghila
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helge Ræder
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefan Krauss
- Hybrid Technology Hub, Center of Excellence, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Hanne Scholz
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Hybrid Technology Hub, Center of Excellence, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Shanmugavel A, Shakya PR, Shrestha A, Nepal J, Shrestha A, Daneault JF, Rawal S. Designing and Developing a Mobile App for Management and Treatment of Gestational Diabetes in Nepal: User-Centered Design Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e50823. [PMID: 38231562 PMCID: PMC10831589 DOI: 10.2196/50823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile apps can aid with the management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by providing patient education, reinforcing regular blood glucose monitoring and diet/lifestyle modification, and facilitating clinical and social support. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe our process of designing and developing a culturally tailored app, Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital (GDM-DH), to support GDM management among Nepalese patients by applying a user-centered design approach. METHODS A multidisciplinary team of experts, as well as health care providers and patients in Dhulikhel Hospital (Dhulikhel, Nepal), contributed to the development of the GDM-DH app. After finalizing the app's content and features, we created the app's wireframe, which illustrated the app's proposed interface, navigation sequences, and features and function. Feedback was solicited on the wireframe via key informant interviews with health care providers (n=5) and a focus group and in-depth interviews with patients with GDM (n=12). Incorporating their input, we built a minimum viable product, which was then user-tested with 18 patients with GDM and further refined to obtain the final version of the GDM-DH app. RESULTS Participants in the focus group and interviews unanimously concurred on the utility and relevance of the proposed mobile app for patients with GDM, offering additional insight into essential modifications and additions to the app's features and content (eg, inclusion of example meal plans and exercise videos).The mean age of patients in the usability testing (n=18) was 28.8 (SD 3.3) years, with a mean gestational age of 27.2 (SD 3.0) weeks. The mean usability score across the 10 tasks was 3.50 (SD 0.55; maximum score=5 for "very easy"); task completion rates ranged from 55.6% (n=10) to 94.4% (n=17). Findings from the usability testing were reviewed to further optimize the GDM-DH app (eg, improving data visualization). Consistent with social cognitive theory, the final version of the GDM-DH app supports GDM self-management by providing health education and allowing patients to record and self-monitor blood glucose, blood pressure, carbohydrate intake, physical activity, and gestational weight gain. The app uses innovative features to minimize the self-monitoring burden, as well as automatic feedback and data visualization. The app also includes a social network "follow" feature to add friends and family and give them permission to view logged data and a progress summary. Health care providers can use the web-based admin portal of the GDM-DH app to enter/review glucose levels and other clinical measures, track patient progress, and guide treatment and counseling accordingly. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first mobile health platform for GDM developed for a low-income country and the first one containing a social support feature. A pilot clinical trial is currently underway to explore the clinical utility of the GDM-DH app.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi Shanmugavel
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Health Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Prabin Raj Shakya
- Biomedical Knowledge Engineering Lab, Department of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Archana Shrestha
- Institute for Implementation Science and Health, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Public Health, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
- Department of Chronic Disease and Epidemiology, Center of Methods for Implementation and Prevention Science, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jyoti Nepal
- Department of Public Health, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Abha Shrestha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Jean-Francois Daneault
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Shristi Rawal
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
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Papantoniou M, Zampelis T, Kokotis P, Tzavellas E, Paparrigopoulos T, Chatzipanagiotou S, Nikolaou C, Rentzos M. Elevated liver enzymes and fasting glucose levels correlate with neuropathy in patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder independently of the blood thiamine levels. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agae011. [PMID: 38469882 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chronic alcohol consumption is well known to cause peripheral neuropathy, affecting both small and large nerve fibers. The aim of this study was to correlate biochemical and neurophysiological findings and investigate possible biomarkers and risk factors for pathogenetic mechanisms of neuropathy in patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD). METHODS Ninety patients diagnosed with AUD were enrolled in this prospective study over a period of 3 years. Serum biochemical parameters, as well as thiamine blood levels, were determined upon admission. Every subject was assessed by clinical neurological examination, followed by Nerve Conduction Studies, Quantitative Sensory Testing, and Sympathetic Skin Response. Fifty age and gender-matched patients without a diagnosis of AUD were used as the control group. RESULTS Peripheral neuropathy was diagnosed in 54 patients (60%). Among them, pure large fiber neuropathy was found in 18 patients, pure small fiber neuropathy in 12 patients, and both large and small fiber neuropathy was diagnosed in 24 patients. Elevated liver enzymes and fasting glucose levels upon admission were significantly correlated with neuropathy. Lower blood thiamine levels (than reference) were found in seven patients and were not correlated with neuropathy. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that alcohol-related liver dysfunction and hyperglycemia may contribute as risk factors of peripheral neuropathy in patients diagnosed with AUD, while blood thiamine levels do not correlate with neuropathy. Moreover, we suggest that liver enzymes and the De Ritis ratio could be potentially used as biomarkers for the incidence and severity of alcohol-related neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Papantoniou
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, First Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Thomas Zampelis
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, First Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Kokotis
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, First Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Elias Tzavellas
- First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Thomas Paparrigopoulos
- First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Stylianos Chatzipanagiotou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Michail Rentzos
- First Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
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Petrucelli MF, Martins-Santana L, Rossi A, Martinez-Rossi NM. Molecular Signaling and Metabolic Responses during the Interaction between Human Keratinocytes (HaCaT) and the Dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:72. [PMID: 38248981 PMCID: PMC10820588 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Trichophyton rubrum is the leading causative agent of dermatophytosis worldwide. Keratinocytes are the first line of defense that drives an immune response against fungal invasion. Host-specific pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to trigger immunological pathways. Fungal cell wall components are the primary sources of fungal PAMPs, and some pathogens increase cell wall rearrangement to evade the immune system. Glycolysis and enhanced lactate levels are critical for improving host immune responses to fungal infections. Using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), we evaluated the transcriptional responses of human genes involved in fungal recognition and glycolytic metabolism and fungal cell-wall-related genes in a co-culture model of human keratinocytes with T. rubrum. We observed the upregulation of several Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and glycolytic genes. Complementarily, we measured intra- and extracellular glucose levels and the increase in lactate production in the co-culture supernatant. We noted a distinct transcriptional regulation pattern of fungal cell-wall-related genes from fungal growth on keratin as the primary carbon source compared to co-culture with human keratinocytes. Our results showed new insights into the transcriptional adaptation of keratinocytes, particularly in regulating genes involved in sensing and metabolic processes, during the interaction with T. rubrum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nilce Maria Martinez-Rossi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (M.F.P.); (L.M.-S.); (A.R.)
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129
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Tajwar MA, Qi L. Dual Stimulus-Responsive Enzyme@Metal-Organic Framework-Polymer Composites toward Enhanced Catalytic Performance for Visual Detection of Glucose. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7:325-331. [PMID: 38096574 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization on a metal-organic framework (enzyme@MOF) has been proven to be a promising strategy for boosting catalysis and biosensing applications. However, promoting the catalytic performance of polymer-modified enzyme@MOF composites remains an ongoing challenge. Herein, a protocol for enzyme immobilization was designed by using a smart polymer-modified MOF (UiO-66-NH2, UN) as the support. Through in situ polymerization, the dual stimulus-responsive poly(N-2-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate) (PDM) was prepared. The PDM as a "soft cage" protected the immobilized glucose oxidase (GOx)-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on the surface of the rigid UN. The confinement effect was generated by varying the temperature and pH, thereby improving the catalytic activity of the GOx-HRP@UN-PDM composites. In comparison with free enzymes, the fabricated composites exhibited an 8.9-fold enhancement in catalytic performance (Vmax) at pH 5.0 and 49 °C. Furthermore, relying on a cascade reaction generated in the composites, an assay was developed for the visual detection of glucose in rat serum. This study introduces a groundbreaking approach for the construction of smart enzyme@MOF-polymer composites with high catalytic activity for sensitive monitoring of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Tajwar
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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130
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Won JY, Mazigo E, Cha SH, Han JH. Functional characterization of Plasmodium vivax hexose transporter 1. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1321240. [PMID: 38282613 PMCID: PMC10811246 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1321240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the most widely distributed human malaria parasite. The eradication of vivax malaria remains challenging due to transmission of drug-resistant parasite and dormant liver form. Consequently, anti-malarial drugs with novel mechanisms of action are urgently demanded. Glucose uptake blocking strategy is suggested as a novel mode of action that leads to selective starvation in various species of malaria parasites. The role of hexose transporter 1 in Plasmodium species is glucose uptake, and its blocking strategies proved to successfully induce selective starvation. However, there is limited information on the glucose uptake properties via P. vivax hexose transporter 1 (PvHT1). Thus, we focused on the PvHT1 to precisely identify its properties of glucose uptake. The PvHT1 North Korean strain (PvHT1NK) expressed Xenopus laevis oocytes mediating the transport of [3H] deoxy-D-glucose (ddGlu) in an expression and incubation time-dependent manner without sodium dependency. Moreover, the PvHT1NK showed no exchange mode of glucose in efflux experiments and concentration-dependent results showed saturable kinetics following the Michaelis-Menten equation. Non-linear regression analysis revealed a Km value of 294.1 μM and a Vmax value of 1,060 pmol/oocyte/hr, and inhibition experiments showed a strong inhibitory effect by glucose, mannose, and ddGlu. Additionally, weak inhibition was observed with fructose and galactose. Comparison of amino acid sequence and tertiary structure between P. falciparum and P. vivax HT1 revealed a completely conserved residue in glucose binding pocket. This result supported that the glucose uptake properties are similar to P. falciparum, and PfHT1 inhibitor (compound 3361) works in P. vivax. These findings provide properties of glucose uptake via PvHT1NK for carbohydrate metabolism and support the approaches to vivax malaria drug development strategy targeting the PvHT1 for starving of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yeon Won
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ernest Mazigo
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Ho Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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131
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Girimonte A, Stefani A, Mucci C, Giovanardi R, Marchetti A, Innocenti M, Fontanesi C. Electrochemical Performance of Metal-Free Carbon-Based Catalysts from Different Hydrothermal Carbonization Treatments for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:173. [PMID: 38251138 PMCID: PMC10820196 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This research investigates the difference between products obtained through two hydrothermal carbonization treatments. Our aim is to synthesize metal-free, carbon-based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to serve as efficient and cost-effective alternatives to platinum-based catalysts. Catalysts synthesized using the traditional hydrothermal approach exhibit a higher electrocatalytic activity for ORR in alkaline media, despite their more energy-intensive production process. The superior performance is attributed to differences in the particle morphology and the chemical composition of the particle surfaces. The presence of functional groups on the surfaces of catalysts obtained via a traditional approach significantly enhances ORR activity by facilitating deprotonation reactions in an alkaline environment. Our research aims to provide a reference for future investigations, shifting the focus to the fine-tuning of surface chemical compositions and morphologies of metal-free catalysts to enhance ORR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Girimonte
- Department of Engineering, DIEF, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.G.); (C.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Andrea Stefani
- Department of Physics, FIM, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 213, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Clara Mucci
- Department of Engineering, DIEF, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.G.); (C.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Roberto Giovanardi
- Department of Engineering, DIEF, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.G.); (C.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- Department of Chemical and Geological Science, DSCG, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Massimo Innocenti
- Department of Chemistry, “Ugo Schiff”, University of Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudio Fontanesi
- Department of Engineering, DIEF, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.G.); (C.M.); (R.G.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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132
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Siddiqui SH, Rossi NF. Acute Intake of Fructose Increases Arterial Pressure in Humans: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:219. [PMID: 38257112 PMCID: PMC10818414 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major cardiac risk factor. Higher blood pressures are becoming more prevalent due to changing dietary habits. Here, we evaluated the impact on blood pressure in human subjects after acutely ingesting fructose using meta-analysis. A total of 89 studies were collected from four different electronic databases from 1 January 2008 to 1 August 2023. Of these studies, 10 were selected that fulfilled all the criteria for this meta-analysis. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and blood glucose level were analyzed using the Cohen's d analysis or standardized mean difference at a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. The SBP, DBP, and MAP showed medium effect size; HR and glucose level displayed small effect size. The standardized mean difference of normal diet groups and fructose diet groups showed a significant increase in SBP (p = 0.04, REM = 2.30), and DBP (p = 0.03, REM = 1.48) with heterogeneity of 57% and 62%, respectively. Acute fructose ingestion contributes to an increase in arterial pressure in humans. The different parameters of arterial pressure in humans correlated with each other. These findings support further rigorous investigation, retrospective of necessity, into the effect of chronic dietary of fructose in humans in order to better understand the impact on long term arterial pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noreen F. Rossi
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, 540 E. Canfield Ave. Scott 5473, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
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133
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He J, Cao X, Liu H, Liang Y, Chen H, Xiao M, Zhang Z. Power and Sensitivity Management of Carbon Nanotube Transistor Glucose Biosensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:1351-1360. [PMID: 38150673 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), which is significant for the daily management of diabetes, requires a low-power-consumption sensor system that can track low nanomolar levels of glucose in physiological fluids, such as sweat and tears. However, traditional electrochemical methods are limited to analytes in micromolar to millimolar ranges and entail high power consumption. Carbon nanotube (CNT) film field-effect transistors (FETs) are promising for constructing extremely sensitive biosensors, but their wide applications in CGM are limited by the strong screening effect of physiological fluids and the zero charge of glucose molecules. In this study, we demonstrate a glucose aptamer-modified CNT FET biosensor to realize a highly sensitive CGM system with sub-nW power consumption by applying a suitable gate voltage. A positive gate voltage can enlarge the effective Debye screening length at the double layer to reduce the local ion population nearby and then improve the sensitivity of the FET-based biosensors by 5 times. We construct CNT FET sensors for CGM with a limit of detection of 0.5 fM, a record dynamic range up to 109, and a power consumption down to ∼100 pW. The proposed field-modulated sensing performance scheme is applicable to other aptamer-based FET biosensors for detecting neutral or less charged molecules and opens opportunities to develop facilely modulated, highly sensitive, low-power, and noninvasive CGM systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping He
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xianmao Cao
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuqi Liang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Mengmeng Xiao
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Knobel P, Just AC, Colicino E, Teitelbaum SL, McLaughlin MA, Amini H, Yitshak Sade M. The Association of Air Pollution Exposure With Glucose and Lipid Levels: The Role of an Extreme Air Pollution Event Alongside 2 Decades of Moderate Exposure. Am J Epidemiol 2024; 193:87-95. [PMID: 37585681 PMCID: PMC10773474 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extreme air pollution events and moderate exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. The World Trade Center (WTC) Health Program general responder cohort includes responders to the WTC disaster. We investigated whether their exposure to this extreme air pollution event (2001) was associated with long-term metabolic outcomes, independently from the associations of intermediate-term PM2.5 exposure later in life (2004-2019). We included 22,447 cohort members with cholesterol (n = 96,155) and glucose (n = 81,599) laboratory results. Self-reported WTC exposure was derived from a questionnaire. PM2.5 exposure was derived from a satellite-based model. We observed an increase of 0.78 mg/dL (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30, 1.26) in glucose and 0.67 mg/dL (95% CI: 1.00, 2.35) in cholesterol levels associated with an interquartile range increase in PM2.5 averaged 6 months before the study visit. Higher WTC-exposure categories were also associated with higher cholesterol (0.99 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.30, 1.67, for intermediate exposure) and glucose (0.82 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.22, 1.43, for high exposure) levels. Most associations were larger among people with diabetes. Extreme air pollution events and intermediate PM2.5 exposure have independent metabolic consequences. These exposures contributed to higher glucose and lipids levels among WTC responders, which may be translated into increased cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Knobel
- Correspondence to Dr. Pablo Knobel, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029 (e-mail: )
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Abuelazm M, Ibrahim AA, Khlidj Y, Badr A, Amin AM, Elzeftawy MA, Gowaily I, Elsaeidy AS, Abdelazeem B. Once-weekly Insulin Icodec Versus Once-daily Long-acting Insulin for Type II Diabetes: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvad177. [PMID: 38213906 PMCID: PMC10783254 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin icodec is a novel basal insulin analog with once-weekly subcutaneous administration. We aim to estimate the efficacy and safety of insulin icodec vs long-acting insulin (insulin glargine and degludec) in type II diabetic patients. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizing randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which were retrieved by systematically searching PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane through May 29, 2023. We used RevMan V. 5.4 to pool dichotomous data using risk ratio (RR) and continuous data using mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Our primary outcome was glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) change. Results We included 7 RCTs with a total of 3183 patients. Insulin icodec was associated with significantly decreased HbA1C (MD: -0.15 with 95% CI [-0.24, -0.06], P = .002) and increased percentage of time with glucose in range (TIR) (MD: 4.06 with 95% CI [2.06, 6.06], P = .0001). However, insulin icodec was associated with increased body weight (MD: 0.57 with 95% CI [0.45, 0.70], P = .00001). Also, there was no difference regarding any serious adverse events (AEs) (RR: 0.96 with 95% CI [0.76, 1.20], P = .7) or AEs leading to withdrawal (RR: 1.54 with 95% CI [0.84, 2.82], P = .16). However, insulin icodec was associated with increased any AEs incidence (RR: 1.06 with 95% CI [1.01, 1.12], P = .02). Conclusion Insulin icodec was associated with decreased HbA1C, increased TIR, with similar hypoglycemic and serious AEs. However, it was also associated with increased body weight and the incidence of any AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed A Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
| | - Yehya Khlidj
- Faculty of Medicine, Algiers University, Algiers 44002, Algeria
| | - Amr Badr
- Department of Cardiology, Banha Teaching Hospital, Banha 13511, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | - Basel Abdelazeem
- Department of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Onishi-Sakamoto S, Fujii T, Watanabe K, Makida R, Iyori K, Toyoda Y, Tochio T, Nishifuji K. Erythritol alters phosphotransferase gene expression and inhibits the in vitro growth of Staphylococcus coagulans isolated from canines with pyoderma. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1272595. [PMID: 38239752 PMCID: PMC10794667 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1272595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus coagulans (SC) belongs to a group of coagulase-positive staphylococci occasionally isolated from the skin lesions of dogs with pyoderma. We recently revealed that erythritol, a sugar alcohol, inhibited the growth of SC strain JCM7470. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in this growth inhibition of JCM7470 by erythritol, and determine whether erythritol inhibits the growth of SC isolated from the skin of dogs with pyoderma. Comprehensive analysis of the gene expression of JCM7470 in the presence of erythritol revealed that erythritol upregulated the expression of glcB and ptsG genes, both of which encode phosphotransferase system (PTS) glucoside- and glucose-specific permease C, B, and A domains (EIICBA), respectively, associated with sugar uptake. Moreover, erythritol suppressed in vitro growth of all 27 SC strains isolated from the skin lesions of canine pyoderma, including 13 mecA gene-positive and 14 mecA gene-negative strains. Finally, the growth inhibition of the SC clinical isolates by erythritol was restored by the addition of glucose. In summary, we revealed that erythritol promotes PTS gene expression and suppresses the in vitro growth of SC clinical isolates from dogs with pyoderma. Restoration of the erythritol-induced growth inhibition by glucose suggested that glucose starvation may contribute to the growth inhibition of SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Onishi-Sakamoto
- Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
- Department of Medical Research on Prebiotics and Probiotics, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Keito Watanabe
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reina Makida
- Research and Development Center, B Food Science Co., Ltd., Chita, Japan
| | - Keita Iyori
- Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, Vet Derm Tokyo, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yoichi Toyoda
- Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, Vet Derm Tokyo, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Tochio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
- Department of Medical Research on Prebiotics and Probiotics, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Koji Nishifuji
- Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
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Hieronimus B, Medici V, Lee V, Nunez MV, Sigala DM, Bremer AA, Cox CL, Keim NL, Schwarz JM, Pacini G, Tura A, Havel PJ, Stanhope KL. Effects of Consuming Beverages Sweetened with Fructose, Glucose, High-Fructose Corn Syrup, Sucrose, or Aspartame on OGTT-Derived Indices of Insulin Sensitivity in Young Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:151. [PMID: 38201980 PMCID: PMC10780640 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Clinical results on the effects of excess sugar consumption on insulin sensitivity are conflicting, possibly due to differences in sugar type and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) assessed. Therefore, we compared the effects of consuming four different sugars on insulin sensitivity indices derived from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). (2) Methods: Young adults consumed fructose-, glucose-, high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-, sucrose-, or aspartame-sweetened beverages (SB) for 2 weeks. Participants underwent OGTT before and at the end of the intervention. Fasting glucose and insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose and insulin area under the curve, Surrogate Hepatic Insulin Resistance Index, Matsuda ISI, Predicted M ISI, and Stumvoll Index were assessed. Outcomes were analyzed to determine: (1) effects of the five SB; (2) effects of the proportions of fructose and glucose in all SB. (3) Results: Fructose-SB and the fructose component in mixed sugars negatively affected outcomes that assess hepatic insulin sensitivity, while glucose did not. The effects of glucose-SB and the glucose component in mixed sugar on muscle insulin sensitivity were more negative than those of fructose. (4) Conclusion: the effects of consuming sugar-SB on insulin sensitivity varied depending on type of sugar and ISI index because outcomes assessing hepatic insulin sensitivity were negatively affected by fructose, and outcomes assessing muscle insulin sensitivity were more negatively affected by glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hieronimus
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vivien Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
| | | | - Desiree M. Sigala
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrew A. Bremer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Chad L. Cox
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Nancy L. Keim
- United States Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95819, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Schwarz
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Giovanni Pacini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Tura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
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Khalil UA, Mohamed OE, Abdullah AA, Fawzy MS, Rashad NM, Samir GM. Do Serum Nesfatin-1 Levels have A Predictive Role in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Microvascular Complications? A Case-Control Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e53007. [PMID: 38406171 PMCID: PMC10894677 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease with macrovascular and microvascular complications. Nesfatin-1 is a neuropeptide that develops from a more substantial intermediate compound known as nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2). Nesfatin-1 is known to play a role in regulating various physiological processes related to appetite, energy balance, and body weight. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the serum levels of nesfatin-1 in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in comparison to healthy subjects and to assess the association of serum nesfatin-1 levels with the occurrence of diabetic microvascular complications in those patients. Methods This matched case-control study was conducted on 90 subjects 40-80 years old, with normal hepatic, cardiac, and respiratory functions, and 60 of them had T2DM. The included participants were divided into two groups: group 1, which was the control group and included 30 healthy subjects, and group 2, which included 60 subjects with T2DM. Group 2 was subdivided according to the presence or absence of microvascular complications into group 2a, which included 30 patients having T2DM with no microvascular complications, and group 2b, which included 30 patients having T2DM with one or more microvascular complications. Results T2DM patients had significantly lower serum nesfatin-1 levels (5.07±1.78 versus 9.05±2.1 mmol/L, <0.001) compared to healthy controls. Also, T2DM patients with microvascular complications had lower serum nesfatin-1 levels (4.32±1.72 versus 5.83±1.51 mmol/L, <0.001) compared to T2DM patients without microvascular complications. Serum nesfatin-1 level at a cutoff value of <8.09 mmol/L can be a marker for the detection of diabetes mellitus (DM) with the area under the curve (AUC) of 94.3%, 95% sensitivity, 74.3% specificity, 77.9% positive predictive value (PPV), and 65.7% negative predictive value (NPV), and at a cutoff value of <5.87 mmol/L can be a marker for the detection of microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus at AUC of 75.5%, 76.7% sensitivity, 67.3% specificity, 77.1% PPV, and 62.9% NPV. Conclusions Serum Nesfatin-1 may play a potential protective role in diabetes mellitus (DM) and its microvascular complications, as it decreases in individuals with diabetes and those with diabetic microvascular complications compared to controls. Additionally, serum Nesfatin-1 levels may have predictive value for the early detection of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, diabetic microvascular complications, and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) at cut-off values of < 8.09 (mmol/L), < 5.87 (mmol/L), and < 5.46 (mmol/L), respectively. Therefore, targeted Nesfatin-1 drug therapy may be tried to reduce morbidity and mortality caused by microvascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama A Khalil
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EGY
| | - Osama E Mohamed
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EGY
- Medical Research Group of Egypt, Negida Academy, Arlington, MA, USA
| | | | - Mohamed S Fawzy
- Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EGY
| | - Nearmeen M Rashad
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EGY
| | - Ghada M Samir
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EGY
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139
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León Y, Honigsberg R, Rasko DA, Faherty CS. Gastrointestinal signals in supplemented media reveal a role in adherence for the Shigella flexneri sap autotransporter gene. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2331985. [PMID: 38549437 PMCID: PMC10984119 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2331985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Shigella flexneri causes severe diarrheal disease worldwide. While many aspects of pathogenesis have been elucidated, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding the role of putative chromosomally-encoded virulence genes. The uncharacterized sap gene encoded on the chromosome has significant nucleotide sequence identity to the fluffy (flu) antigen 43 autotransporter gene in pathogenic Escherichia coli. Here, we constructed a Δsap mutant in S. flexneri strain 2457T and examined the effects of this mutation on bacterial cell aggregation, biofilm formation, and adherence to colonic epithelial cells. Analyses included the use of growth media supplemented with glucose and bile salts to replicate small intestinal signals encountered by S. flexneri. Deletion of the sap gene in 2457T affected epithelial cell adherence, resulted in quicker bacterial cell aggregation, but did not affect biofilm formation. This work highlights a functional role for the sap gene in S. flexneri pathogenesis and further demonstrates the importance of using relevant and appropriate gastrointestinal signals to characterize virulence genes of enteropathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yrvin León
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raphael Honigsberg
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Département d’Enseignement et de, Recherche de Biologie, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David A. Rasko
- Institute for Genome Sciences, Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christina S. Faherty
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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140
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Sabet HR, Ahmadi M, Akrami M, Motamed M, Keshavarzian O, Abdollahi M, Rezaei M, Akbari H. Effects of flaxseed supplementation on weight loss, lipid profiles, glucose, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in patients with coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Cardiol 2024; 47:e24211. [PMID: 38269632 PMCID: PMC10790321 DOI: 10.1002/clc.24211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of flaxseed supplementation on weight loss, lipid profiles, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and glucose levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). A systematic search was performed using various online databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library, to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) until June 2023. To evaluate heterogeneity among the selected studies, the Q-test and I2 statistics were employed. Data were combined using either a fixed- or random-effects model and presented as a weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Of the 428 citations, six RCTs were included. The pooled results did not show significant changes in the WMD of lipid factors (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol) following flaxseed intake. However, after performing a sensitivity analysis to determine the source of heterogeneity, flaxseed supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in TG levels (WMD = -18.39 mg/dL; 95% CI: -35.02, -1.75). Moreover, no significant differences were observed in either weight or BMI following flaxseed intake. However, the circulating levels of fasting blood glucose (WMD = -8.35 mg/dL; 95% CI: -15.01, -1.69, p = .01) and hs-CRP (WMD = -1.35 mg/L; 95% CI: -1.93, -0.77, p < .01) significantly decreased after the intervention. Flaxseed supplementation was associated with lowering FBS, hs-CRP, and TG levels but did not affect weight loss parameters and other lipid markers in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Sabet
- Medical Journalism Department, School of Paramedical SciencesShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadi
- Students' Scientific Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mehdi Akrami
- Cardiovascular DepartmentShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Mahsa Motamed
- Department of PsychiatryTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Omid Keshavarzian
- Shiraz School for MedicineShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Mozhan Abdollahi
- Student Research Committee, School of MedicineShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Mehdi Rezaei
- Department of Cardiology, Fars‐Iranian Heart AssociationFars Society of Internal MedicineShirazIran
| | - Hamed Akbari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
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141
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Ameroso D, Rios M. Synaptic plasticity and the role of astrocytes in central metabolic circuits. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1632. [PMID: 37833830 PMCID: PMC10842964 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Neural circuits in the brain, primarily in the hypothalamus, are paramount to the homeostatic control of feeding and energy utilization. They integrate hunger, satiety, and body adiposity cues from the periphery and mediate the appropriate behavioral and physiological responses to satisfy the energy demands of the animal. Notably, perturbations in central homeostatic circuits have been linked to the etiology of excessive feeding and obesity. Considering the ever-changing energy requirements of the animal and required adaptations, it is not surprising that brain-feeding circuits remain plastic in adulthood and are subject to changes in synaptic strength as a consequence of nutritional status. Indeed, synapse density, probability of presynaptic transmitter release, and postsynaptic responses in hypothalamic energy balance centers are tailored to behavioral and physiological responses required to sustain survival. Mounting evidence supports key roles of astrocytes facilitating some of this plasticity. Here we discuss these synaptic plasticity mechanisms and the emerging roles of astrocytes influencing energy and glucose balance control in health and disease. This article is categorized under: Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Ameroso
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Maribel Rios
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
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142
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Gant P, Barfield D, Florey J. Comparison of insulin infusion protocols for management of canine and feline diabetic ketoacidosis. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2024; 34:23-30. [PMID: 37987148 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Describe the use of fixed-rate intravenous insulin infusions (FRIs) in cats and dogs with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and determine if this is associated with faster resolution of ketosis compared to variable-rate intravenous insulin infusions (VRIs). Secondary objectives were to evaluate complication rates, length of hospitalization (LOH), and survival to discharge (STD). DESIGN Randomized clinical trial (January 2019 to July 2020). SETTING University veterinary teaching hospital and private referral hospital. ANIMALS Dogs and cats with DKA and venous pH <7.3, blood glucose concentration >11 mmol/L (198 mg/dL), and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration >3 mmol/L were eligible for inclusion. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either FRI or VRI. INTERVENTIONS Neutral (regular) insulin was administered IV as an FRI or VRI. For FRI, the rate was maintained at 0.01 IU/kg/h. For VRI, the dose was adjusted according to blood glucose concentration. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Sixteen cats and 20 dogs were enrolled. Population characteristics, mean insulin infusion rate, time to resolution of ketosis (BHB <0.6 mmol/L), complications, LOH, and STD were evaluated. In cats, overall resolution of ketosis was low (9/16 [56.3%]), limiting comparison of protocols. In dogs, resolution of ketosis was high (19/20 dogs [95.0%]) but the time to resolution in the FRI group was not different than that in the VRI group (P = 0.89), despite a 25% higher average insulin infusion rate in the FRI group (P = 0.04). The incidence of complications was low and did not differ between protocols. In cats, LOH and STD did not differ between protocols. All cats that died (5/16) did so within 78 hours and none had resolution of ketosis. Dogs receiving FRI had a shorter LOH (P = 0.01) but STD did not differ between protocols. Six dogs (30.0%) did not survive to hospital discharge but all had resolution of ketosis. CONCLUSIONS FRIs can be used in veterinary species but may not hasten resolution of ketosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy Gant
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Willows Referral Service, Solihull, UK
| | - Dominic Barfield
- Section of Emergency and Critical Care, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Jessica Florey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dick White Referrals, Cambridgeshire, UK
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143
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Marchetti JR, French SS, Virgin EE, Lewis EL, Ki KC, Sermersheim LO, Brusch GA, Beard KH. Invading nonnative frogs use different microhabitats and change physiology along an elevation gradient. J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol 2024; 341:73-85. [PMID: 37902261 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The coqui frog (Eleutherodactylus coqui) was introduced to the island of Hawai'i in the 1980s, and has spread across much of the island. There is concern they will invade higher elevation areas where negative impacts on native species are expected. It is not known if coqui change behavior and baseline physiology in ways that allow them to invade higher elevations. We investigated where coqui are found across the island and whether that includes recent invasion into higher elevations. We also investigated whether elevation is related to coqui's microhabitat use, including substrate use and height off the forest floor, and physiological metrics, including plasma osmolality, oxidative status, glucose, free glycerol, and triglycerides, that might be associated with invading higher elevations. We found coqui have increased the area they occupy along roads from 31% to 50% and have moved into more high-elevation locations (16% vs. 1%) compared to where they were found 14 years ago. We also found frogs at high elevation on different substrates and closer to the forest floor than frogs at lower elevations-perhaps in response to air temperatures which tended to be warmer close to the forest floor. We observed that blood glucose and triglycerides increase in frogs with elevation. An increase in glucose is likely an acclimation response to cold temperatures while triglycerides may also help frogs cope with the energetic demands of suboptimal temperatures. Finally, we found that female coqui have higher plasma osmolality, reactive oxygen metabolites (dROMs), free glycerol, and triglycerides than males. Our study suggests coqui behavior and physiology in Hawai'i may be influenced by elevation in ways that allow them to cope with lower temperatures and invade higher elevations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack R Marchetti
- Department of Biology and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Susannah S French
- Department of Biology and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Emily E Virgin
- Department of Biology and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Erin L Lewis
- Department of Biology and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Kwanho C Ki
- Department of Biology and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Layne O Sermersheim
- Department of Biology and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - George A Brusch
- Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, California, USA
| | - Karen H Beard
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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144
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Lahari Z, van Boerdonk S, Omoboye OO, Reichelt M, Höfte M, Gershenzon J, Gheysen G, Ullah C. Strigolactone deficiency induces jasmonate, sugar and flavonoid phytoalexin accumulation enhancing rice defense against the blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae. New Phytol 2024; 241:827-844. [PMID: 37974472 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived phytohormones that regulate plant growth and development. While root-secreted SLs are well-known to facilitate plant symbiosis with beneficial microbes, the role of SLs in plant interactions with pathogenic microbes remains largely unexplored. Using genetic and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate a negative role of SLs in rice (Oryza sativa) defense against the blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe oryzae). We found that SL biosynthesis and perception mutants, and wild-type (WT) plants after chemical inhibition of SLs, were less susceptible to P. oryzae. Strigolactone deficiency also resulted in a higher accumulation of jasmonates, soluble sugars and flavonoid phytoalexins in rice leaves. Likewise, in response to P. oryzae infection, SL signaling was downregulated, while jasmonate and sugar content increased markedly. The jar1 mutant unable to synthesize jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine, and the coi1-18 RNAi line perturbed in jasmonate signaling, both accumulated lower levels of sugars. However, when WT seedlings were sprayed with glucose or sucrose, jasmonate accumulation increased, suggesting a reciprocal positive interplay between jasmonates and sugars. Finally, we showed that functional jasmonate signaling is necessary for SL deficiency to induce rice defense against P. oryzae. We conclude that a reduction in rice SL content reduces P. oryzae susceptibility by activating jasmonate and sugar signaling pathways, and flavonoid phytoalexin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobaida Lahari
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Sarah van Boerdonk
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Olumide Owolabi Omoboye
- Department of Plants and Crops, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 220005, Nigeria
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Monica Höfte
- Department of Plants and Crops, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | | | - Chhana Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
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145
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Ikeuchi K. Development of Methodologies toward the Unified Synthesis of Ellagitannins. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2024; 72:349-359. [PMID: 38556326 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Ellagitannins, a class of polyphenols with divergent structures, have attracted considerable attention from synthetic organic chemists. The basic structures in ellagitannins contain esters of D-glucose with galloyl or hexahydroxyldiphenoyl groups, as well as diaryl ether structures. Thus, the synthesis methodologies of such components have been developed by various groups, including our group. This review describes the synthetic methods reported by our group during 2017-2023, aimed at increasing the number of ellagitannins that can be chemically synthesized. In addition, recent related reports are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutada Ikeuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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146
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Lund J, Lähteenmäki E, Eklund T, Bakke HG, Thoresen GH, Pirinen E, Jauhiainen M, Rustan AC, Lehti M. Human HDL subclasses modulate energy metabolism in skeletal muscle cells. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100481. [PMID: 38008260 PMCID: PMC10770614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to its antiatherogenic role, HDL reportedly modulates energy metabolism at the whole-body level. HDL functionality is associated with its structure and composition, and functional activities can differ between HDL subclasses. Therefore, we studied if HDL2 and HDL3, the two major HDL subclasses, are able to modulate energy metabolism of skeletal muscle cells. Differentiated mouse and primary human skeletal muscle myotubes were used to investigate the influences of human HDL2 and HDL3 on glucose and fatty uptake and oxidation. HDL-induced changes in lipid distribution and mRNA expression of genes related to energy substrate metabolism, mitochondrial function, and HDL receptors were studied with human myotubes. Additionally, we examined the effects of apoA-I and discoidal, reconstituted HDL particles on substrate metabolism. In mouse myotubes, HDL subclasses strongly enhanced glycolysis upon high and low glucose concentrations. HDL3 caused a minor increase in ATP-linked respiration upon glucose conditioning but HDL2 improved complex I-mediated mitochondrial respiration upon fatty acid treatment. In human myotubes, glucose metabolism was attenuated but fatty acid uptake and oxidation were markedly increased by both HDL subclasses, which also increased mRNA expression of genes related to fatty acid metabolism and HDL receptors. Finally, both HDL subclasses induced incorporation of oleic acid into different lipid classes. These results, demonstrating that HDL subclasses enhance fatty acid oxidation in human myotubes but improve anaerobic metabolism in mouse myotubes, support the role of HDL as a circulating modulator of energy metabolism. Exact mechanisms and components of HDL causing the change, require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lund
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emilia Lähteenmäki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Tiia Eklund
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hege G Bakke
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Hege Thoresen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eija Pirinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Research Unit for Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research and Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arild C Rustan
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maarit Lehti
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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147
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Brockway MM, Daniel AI, Reyes SM, Granger M, McDermid JM, Chan D, Refvik R, Sidhu KK, Musse S, Patel PP, Monnin C, Lotoski L, Geddes D, Jehan F, Kolsteren P, Allen LH, Hampel D, Eriksen KG, Rodriguez N, Azad MB. Human Milk Macronutrients and Child Growth and Body Composition in the First Two Years: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100149. [PMID: 37981047 PMCID: PMC10831902 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Among exclusively breastfed infants, human milk (HM) provides complete nutrition in the first mo of life and remains an important energy source as long as breastfeeding continues. Consisting of digestible carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acids, as well as fats and fatty acids, macronutrients in human milk have been well studied; however, many aspects related to their relationship to growth in early life are still not well understood. We systematically searched Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science to synthesize evidence published between 1980 and 2022 on HM components and anthropometry through 2 y of age among term-born healthy infants. From 9992 abstracts screened, 57 articles reporting observations from 5979 dyads were included and categorized based on their reporting of HM macronutrients and infant growth. There was substantial heterogeneity in anthropometric outcome measurement, milk collection timelines, and HM sampling strategies; thus, meta-analysis was not possible. In general, digestible carbohydrates were positively associated with infant weight outcomes. Protein was positively associated with infant length, but no associations were reported for infant weight. Finally, HM fat was not consistently associated with any infant growth metrics, though various associations were reported in single studies. Fatty acid intakes were generally positively associated with head circumference, except for docosahexaenoic acid. Our synthesis of the literature was limited by differences in milk collection strategies, heterogeneity in anthropometric outcomes and analytical methodologies, and by insufficient reporting of results. Moving forward, HM researchers should accurately record and account for breastfeeding exclusivity, use consistent sampling protocols that account for the temporal variation in HM macronutrients, and use reliable, sensitive, and accurate techniques for HM macronutrient analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Merilee Brockway
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Canada; Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Allison I Daniel
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Sarah M Reyes
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matthew Granger
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Deborah Chan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Canada
| | - Rebecca Refvik
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Karanbir K Sidhu
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Suad Musse
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pooja P Patel
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Caroline Monnin
- Neil John Maclean Health Sciences Library, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Larisa Lotoski
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Donna Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fyezah Jehan
- Department of Pediatrics, Aga Khan University, Pakistan
| | - Patrick Kolsteren
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Daniela Hampel
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Kamilla G Eriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natalie Rodriguez
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Canada.
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148
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Aaron RE, Tian T, Yeung AM, Huang J, Arreaza-Rubín GA, Ginsberg BH, Kompala T, Lee WA(A, Kerr D, Colmegna P, Mendez CE, Muchmore DB, Wallia A, Klonoff DC. NIH Fifth Artificial Pancreas Workshop 2023: Meeting Report: The Fifth Artificial Pancreas Workshop: Enabling Fully Automation, Access, and Adoption. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2024; 18:215-239. [PMID: 37811866 PMCID: PMC10899838 DOI: 10.1177/19322968231201829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The Fifth Artificial Pancreas Workshop: Enabling Fully Automation, Access, and Adoption was held at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Campus in Bethesda, Maryland on May 1 to 2, 2023. The organizing Committee included representatives of NIH, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Diabetes Technology Society, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), and the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust. In previous years, the NIH Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases along with other diabetes organizations had organized periodic workshops, and it had been seven years since the NIH hosted the Fourth Artificial Pancreas in July 2016. Since then, significant improvements in insulin delivery have occurred. Several automated insulin delivery (AID) systems are now commercially available. The workshop featured sessions on: (1) Lessons Learned from Recent Advanced Clinical Trials and Real-World Data Analysis, (2) Interoperability, Data Management, Integration of Systems, and Cybersecurity, Challenges and Regulatory Considerations, (3) Adaptation of Systems Through the Lifespan and Special Populations: Are Specific Algorithms Needed, (4) Development of Adaptive Algorithms for Insulin Only and for Multihormonal Systems or Combination with Adjuvant Therapies and Drugs: Clinical Expected Outcomes and Public Health Impact, (5) Novel Artificial Intelligence Strategies to Develop Smarter, More Automated, Personalized Diabetes Management Systems, (6) Novel Sensing Strategies, Hormone Formulations and Delivery to Optimize Close-loop Systems, (7) Special Topic: Clinical and Real-world Viability of IP-IP Systems. "Fully automated closed-loop insulin delivery using the IP route," (8) Round-table Panel: Closed-loop performance: What to Expect and What are the Best Metrics to Assess it, and (9) Round-table Discussion: What is Needed for More Adaptable, Accessible, and Usable Future Generation of Systems? How to Promote Equitable Innovation? This article summarizes the discussions of the Workshop.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffany Tian
- Diabetes, Technology Society, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Guillermo A. Arreaza-Rubín
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Tejaswi Kompala
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Teladoc Health, Purchase, NY, USA
| | - Wei-An (Andy) Lee
- Los Angeles County and University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Kerr
- Diabetes, Technology Society, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amisha Wallia
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David C. Klonoff
- Diabetes, Technology Society, Burlingame, CA, USA
- Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, San Mateo, CA, USA
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149
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Krediet RT, Parikova A. Glucose-induced pseudohypoxia and advanced glycosylation end products explain peritoneal damage in long-term peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2024; 44:6-15. [PMID: 37723976 DOI: 10.1177/08968608231196033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis is associated with the development of peritoneal membrane alterations, both in morphology and function. Impaired ultrafiltration (UF) is the most important functional change, and peritoneal fibrosis is the major morphological alteration. Both are caused by the continuous exposure to dialysis solutions that are different from plasma water with regard to the buffer substance and the extremely high-glucose concentrations. Glucose has been incriminated as the major cause of long-term peritoneal membrane changes, but the precise mechanism has not been identified. We argue that glucose causes the membrane alterations by peritoneal pseudohypoxia and by the formation of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs). After a summary of UF kinetics including the role of glucose transporters (GLUT), and a discussion on morphologic alterations, relationships between function and morphology and a survey of the pathogenesis of UF failure (UFF), it will be argued that impaired UF is partly caused by a reduction in small pore fluid transport as a consequence of AGE-related vasculopathy and - more importantly - in diminished free water transport due to pseudohypoxia, caused by increased peritoneal cellular expression of GLUT-1. The metabolism of intracellular glucose will be reviewed. This occurs in the glycolysis and in the polyol/sorbitol pathway, the latter is activated in case of a large supply. In both pathways the ratio between the reduced and oxidised form of nicotinamide dinucleotide (NADH/NAD+ ratio) will increase, especially because normal compensatory mechanisms may be impaired, and activate expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). The latter gene activates various profibrotic factors and GLUT-1. Besides replacement of glucose as an osmotic agent, medical treatment/prevention is currently limited to tamoxifen and possibly Renin/angiotensis/aldosteron (RAA) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond T Krediet
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alena Parikova
- Department of Nephrology, Transplant Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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150
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Mert H, Mert N, Cibuk S, Yildirim S, Mert N. Antidiabetic Effect of Fig Seed Oil in Rats with Diabetes Induced by Streptozotocin. J Oleo Sci 2024; 73:717-727. [PMID: 38692894 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The anti-diabetic effect of Ficus carica (Fig) seed oil was investigated. 4 groups with 6 rats in each group were used in the experiment as control, diabetes (45 mg/kg streptozotocin), fig seed oil (FSO) (6 mL/ kg/day/rat by gavage) and diabetes+FSO groups. Glucose, urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, GSH, AOPP and MDA analyses were done. Pancreatic tissues were examined histopathologically. When fig seed oil was given to the diabetic group, the blood glucose level decreased. In the diabetes+FSO group, serum urea, creatinine, AOPP, MDA levels and ALT and AST activities decreased statistically significantly compared to the diabetes group, while GSH levels increased significantly, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescent improvements were observed. It has been shown for the first time that FSO has positive effects on blood glucose level and pancreatic health. It can be said that the protective effect of fig seed oil on tissues may be due to its antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handan Mert
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Van Yuzuncu Yil University
| | | | - Salih Cibuk
- Vocational School of Health Services, Van Yuzuncu Yil University
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Atatürk University
| | - Nihat Mert
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Van Yuzuncu Yil University
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