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Reynales-Shigematsu LM, Barnoya J, Cavalcante T, Aburto TC, Romieu I, Stern MC, Barquera S, Corvalán C, Hallal PC, Canelo-Aybar C, Alvarado-Villacorta R, Espina C, Feliu A, Rivera JA. Latin America and the Caribbean Code Against Cancer 1st edition: Tobacco and nicotine-related products, secondhand smoke, and alcohol and cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2023; 86 Suppl 1:102413. [PMID: 37852726 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco, secondhand smoke (SHS), and alcohol, all carcinogens, are leading preventable cancer risk factors in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Since 2000, smoking and SHS exposure have significantly decreased in the region. Yet alcohol consumption remains high. The entry of nicotine-related products such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) threatens achievements made in tobacco control and chronic diseases prevention, including cancer. E-cigs use is likely associated with smoking initiation among adolescents who had never smoked and dual use with combustible tobacco products. Therefore, the LAC Code Against Cancer recommends to the public actions they can take to reduce their risk of cancer: 1. Don't smoke or use any type of tobacco. If you do, quitting is possible, with professional help if needed. Don't use e-cigarettes either, as they lead to tobacco use. 2. Make your home a smoke-free place. Respect and promote laws that ensure smoke-free spaces to protect our health. and 3. Avoid drinking alcoholic beverages. This helps prevent several types of cancer. The Code recommends to policymakers a package of cost-effective policies based on the MPOWER and SAFER to prevent cancer at the population level. It also recommends that primary care health professionals: 1. Ask all their patients and their families whether they smoke or vape, inform them about the harms of smoking and vaping, and promote tobacco and nicotine related products cessation strategies among users. 2. Inform about the harms of exposure to SHS, especially among children, and promote smoke-free environments, and 3. Prevent alcohol use by their patients and their families, use tools to assess use, intensity, and frequency, and apply brief counseling intervention to support alcohol abstinence in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu
- Tobacco Control and Preventive Department. Center for Population Health Research. National Institute of Public Health. Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62100, Mexico.
| | - Joaquin Barnoya
- Integra Cancer Institute, Guatemala, 9ª calle 4-52 zona 10, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Tania Cavalcante
- Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, INCA, Brasil.Pr. da Cruz Vermelha, 23 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20230-130, Brazil
| | - Tania C Aburto
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, CP 62100 Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, CP 62100, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Urology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, 90033 Los Angeles, USA
| | - Simón Barquera
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, CP 62100 Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Camila Corvalán
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Macul, Chile
| | - Pedro C Hallal
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Carlos Canelo-Aybar
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health, Iberossssamerican Cochrane Centre, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Alvarado-Villacorta
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health, Iberossssamerican Cochrane Centre, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Espina
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, 25 avenue Tony Garnier CS 90627, 69366 Lyon CEDEX 07, France
| | - Ariadna Feliu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, 25 avenue Tony Garnier CS 90627, 69366 Lyon CEDEX 07, France
| | - Juan A Rivera
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, CP 62100, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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202
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Diosdado-Figueiredo M. [Lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with arterial hypertension. Cardiovascular risk and impact on their quality of life]. Hipertens Riesgo Vasc 2023; 40:205-214. [PMID: 37980226 DOI: 10.1016/j.hipert.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJETIVES To determine the prevalence of erectile lower urinary tract symptoms in hypertensive patients, cardiovascular risk and the impact on quality of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS Setting: Health Center (Vilagarcia, Pontevedra). PERIOD April 2015-June 2017. INCLUSION CRITERIA Hypertensive patient with informed consent. MEASUREMENTS sociodemographic variables, toxic habits, comorbidity, blood pressure, cardiovascular risk, analytical and examination parameters. Questionaries: International Prostate Symptom Scale (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15) and quality of life in arterial hypertension (MINICHAL). SAMPLE SIZE n=262 (± 6% accuracy, 95% confidence). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis. Informed consent and ethics committee approval were obtained (2024/237) RESULTS: The mean age was 65.84 (12.70), and mean hypertension duration of 13.25 (9.84) years. 76.7% reported lower tract urinary symptoms, 91.6% being mild. The bivariate analysis showed an association with the variables: age, educational level, profession, work activity, tobacco, benign prostatic hypertrophy, years of diagnosis, concomitant medication, Framingham-Wilson score, electrocardiogram, glycated hemoglobin, glomerular filtration (Crockroft-Gault), LDL-cholesterol, somatic manifestations (MINICHAL), erectile dysfunction. The multivariate analysis showed increased risk with:abdominal obesity, pathological electrocardiogram, high risk of Framingham-Wilson score, erectile dysfunction, use of hypouricemics agents and decreased with not smoking and use diuretics. CONCLUSIONS Three quarters of hypertensive men presented lower urinary tract symptoms, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease early according to the Framingham-Wilson score. Other predictive factors were: abdominal obesity, tobacco, pathological electrocardiogram, high Framingham-Wilson score, erectile dysfunction, use of hypouricemics agents.
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203
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Grier T, Benedict T, Mahlmann O, Goncalves L, Jones BH. Physical and behavioral characteristics of soldiers acquiring recommended amounts of sleep per night. Sleep Health 2023; 9:626-633. [PMID: 37225611 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Only one-third of U.S. Army Soldiers meet the recommended sleep guideline of 7 or more hours per night. Soldiers meeting the recommended sleep guideline are more likely to perform better on cognitive and physical tasks. The purpose of this analysis was to compare the physical and behavioral characteristics of Soldiers who met and did not meet the sleep recommendation guideline and determine associations between physical and behavioral characteristics and the acquisition of recommended amounts of sleep per night. METHODS A survey was administered to U.S. Army Soldiers. Adjusted odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine associations between achieving the recommended number of hours of sleep per night and age, physical characteristics, health behaviors, physical training, and physical performance. RESULTS A survey was completed by 4229 men and 969 women. Male Soldiers who met the recommended sleep requirement had lower estimated body fat [20.3 ± 4.2% vs. 21.1 ± 4.4%], were less likely to use tobacco [11.5% vs. 16.2%] and exercised more [259 ± 226 vs. 244 ± 224 min/wk] compared with those who did not obtain 7 hours of sleep per night. Female Soldiers who met the recommended sleep requirement had lower estimated body fat [31.4 ± 4% vs. 32.1 ± 4.6%] and exercised more [258 ± 206 vs. 241 ± 216 min/wk] compared with those who did not obtain 7 hours of sleep per night. CONCLUSION Soldiers who choose to adopt healthy lifestyle characteristics may be more likely to meet the recommended sleep duration guideline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson Grier
- US Army Public Health Center, Clinical Public Health and Epidemiology Directorate, Gunpowder, Maryland, USA.
| | - Timothy Benedict
- US Army Public Health Center, Clinical Public Health and Epidemiology Directorate, Gunpowder, Maryland, USA
| | - Olivia Mahlmann
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch, Defense Health Agency, Gunpowder, Maryland, USA
| | - Latoya Goncalves
- US Army Public Health Center, Clinical Public Health and Epidemiology Directorate, Gunpowder, Maryland, USA
| | - Bruce H Jones
- US Army Public Health Center, Clinical Public Health and Epidemiology Directorate, Gunpowder, Maryland, USA
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204
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Ohde JW, Warner DO, Egginton JS, Hagedorn HJ. Stakeholder perceptions of using "opt-out" for tobacco use treatment in a cancer care setting: a qualitative evaluation of patients, providers, and desk staff. Implement Sci Commun 2023; 4:117. [PMID: 37730738 PMCID: PMC10510286 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-023-00493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continued tobacco use in cancer patients increases the risk of cancer treatment failure and decreases survival. However, currently, most cancer patients do not receive evidence-based tobacco treatment. A recently proposed "opt-out" approach would automatically refer all cancer patients who use tobacco to tobacco treatment, but its acceptability to cancer patients and providers is unknown. We aimed to understand stakeholder beliefs, concerns, and receptivity to using the "opt-out" approach for tobacco treatment referrals in a cancer care setting. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with oncology patients, providers, and desk staff. The sample size was determined when theoretical saturation was reached. Given the differences among participant roles, separate interview guides were developed. Transcripts were analyzed using standard coding techniques for qualitative data using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) codebook. Emergent codes were added to the codebook to account for themes not represented by a CFIR domain. Coded transcripts were then entered into the qualitative analysis software NVivo to generate code reports for CFIR domains and emergent codes for each stakeholder group. Data were presented by stakeholder group and subcategorized by CFIR domains and emergent codes when appropriate. RESULTS A total of 21 providers, 19 patients, and 6 desk staff were interviewed. Overall acceptance of the "opt out" approach was high among all groups. Providers overwhelmingly approved of the approach as it requires little effort from them to operate and saves clinical time. Desk staff supported the opt-out system and believed there are clinical benefits to patients receiving information about tobacco treatment. Many patients expressed support for using an opt-out approach as many smokers need assistance but may not directly ask for it. Patients also thought that providers emphasizing the benefits of stopping tobacco use to cancer treatment and survival would be an important factor motivating them to attend treatment. CONCLUSIONS While providers appreciated that the system required little effort on their part, patients clearly indicated that promotion of tobacco cessation treatment by their provider would be vital to enhance willingness to engage with treatment. Future implementation efforts of opt-out systems will require implementation strategies that promote provider engagement with their patients around smoking cessation while continuing to limit burden on providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Ohde
- Center for Digital Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - David O Warner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jason S Egginton
- Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hildi J Hagedorn
- Center for Care Delivery & Outcomes Research, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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205
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González Blanca J, Vicente Romero J. [Deshabituación al consumo de tabaco desde las oficinas de farmacia mediante planes multidisciplinares.]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2023; 97:e202309077. [PMID: 37970849 PMCID: PMC10558108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tobacco is the most consumed drug in the world and each year it causes the death of more than eight million people. The pharmacist is the healthcare professional most accessible to smokers, therefore they are essential in the treatment and prevention of smoking. The study´s aim was to implement a multidisciplinary anti-smoking program in a pharmacy and evaluate the effect of pharmaceutical care on smoking cessation. METHODS The study was carried out in two army pharmacies located in Spain and Lebanon in which a smoking cessation plan was developed in 2020 and 2021. As the requirements for participants selection, all those patients in the area of influence of pharmacies that agreed to participate in the program were accepted, with a sample size of thirty-eight people. The patients underwent an addiction, motivation and smoking habit test, and a descriptive analysis of the data provided was carried out, using the chi-square test for the comparison of values. Only those with a probability value less than 0.05 are considered statistically significant. RESULTS The multidisciplinary work allowed treatment with prescription drugs. The study shows that 63% of patients managed to quit smoking. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacies can implement and lead smoking cessation programs that facilitate cessation and adherence to treatments. The classification of patients according to their history of smoking is key to carrying out an adequate and personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián González Blanca
- Farmacia de la Academia General Militar del Ejército de TierraFarmacia de la Academia General Militar del Ejército de TierraZaragozaSpain
| | - Jorge Vicente Romero
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina legal y Forense; Facultad de MedicinaFacultad de MedicinaZaragozaSpain
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206
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Michalek IM, Koczkodaj P, Durzynska M, Caetano Dos Santos FL, Manczuk M. Tobacco products and electronic cigarettes' legislation violations - observational study in 31 European countries, 2005-2022. Environ Res 2023; 233:116429. [PMID: 37329947 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND European Union (EU) law regulates the manufacture, presentation, and sale of tobacco and related products in all member states. This study examined whether legislation non-compliant tobacco products and electronic cigarettes were available for sale in the European market. METHODS We queried the EU Rapid Information System for dangerous non-food products, covering 28 current and former EU member states and 3 associated countries, also known as Rapex, for non-compliant tobacco and related products reported between 2005 and 2022. FINDINGS During the operation of the Rapex system, 183 violations were reported (six on tobacco, three on traditional cigarettes, and 174 on e-cigarettes). Insufficient product safety information was found in 86% of the reports on e-cigarettes and 74% of the refills. Violations regarding the volume of the liquid container were observed in 26% of the e-cigarette reports and 20% of the refill reports. Approximately 15% of the reported e-cigarettes and 17% of refill liquids exceeded permissible nicotine levels. More serious standard violations were recorded for refills than for e-cigarettes. Approximately one-third of Rapex system countries submitted no notifications. INTERPRETATION E-cigarettes were the most frequently reported items in the European market of tobacco and non-tobacco nicotine products. The most common concerns were inadequate product safety information, incorrect liquid container volume, and excessive nicotine concentration. Identifying the most recognized legal infringements did not require laboratory tests and was based only on packaging and the manufacturer's declaration analysis. Further studies are necessary to corroborate whether products available in countries where no violations have been reported meet EU safety standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmina Maria Michalek
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Primary Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Pawel Koczkodaj
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Primary Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Durzynska
- Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marta Manczuk
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Primary Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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207
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Olson CK, Sherwood N, Berkane M, Gilligan K, McKinney WJ. Perceptions, intentions, and actual use of a consumer nicotine gum. Harm Reduct J 2023; 20:132. [PMID: 37700314 PMCID: PMC10498549 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-023-00864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about perceptions, use intentions, and behaviors of adults regarding nicotine gum that is marketed and regulated as a consumer product rather than as a medicinal nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). METHODS Survey data were collected from a Qualtrics online panel (N = 1000) of adults who had never used a consumer nicotine gum, recruited based on smoking behavior, and from current and former purchasers of one commercially available nicotine gum product (LUCY Chew and Park), recruited via emails to a customer database (N = 500). In addition to descriptive cross-sectional analyses, logistic regression was used to estimate the probability of intent to try and of product appeal among these different groups. RESULTS Among online panel respondents, individuals who smoked with and without plans to quit showed high intention to try the product (odds ratios 15.6 [95% CI 9.3, 27.6] and 9.8 [95% CI 5.8, 17.3] respectively, compared to people who formerly smoked) and persons who had never smoked showed low intentions to try. These results stood regardless of flavor. Among current and former purchasers of the study product, 43.4% of persons who had smoked cigarettes regularly indicated they were motivated to try the product "to help me quit smoking." Only 0.6% of young adult consumers of the nicotine gum (aged 21-30) had not tried tobacco products previously. CONCLUSIONS Consumer nicotine gum does not appear to attract those who have never used a tobacco product and the results for young adults suggest minimal appeal to youth. The study product was used primarily by individuals who currently smoke and/or use e-cigarettes but who wished to quit or reduce consumption. These results suggest that a consumer nicotine gum may reduce harm by substituting for higher-risk products such as combustible cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl K Olson
- Cheryl K. Olson, Sc.D., LLC, 633 Elm Street, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA.
| | - Neil Sherwood
- Neil Sherwood Consulting, Avenue Alfred Cortot 21, Nyon, 1260, Switzerland
| | - Maia Berkane
- Kevin D. Oden & Associates, LLC, 505 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, CA, 94111, USA
| | - Karin Gilligan
- McKinney Regulatory Science Advisors, LLC, 4940 Old Main Street, Unit 603, Henrico, VA, 23231, USA
| | - Willie J McKinney
- McKinney Regulatory Science Advisors, LLC, 4940 Old Main Street, Unit 603, Henrico, VA, 23231, USA
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208
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Karpov MV, Bartholmae MM, Levy BL, Roess AA, Renshaw KD, Sill JM, Dodani S. Exploring the influence of behavioral factors on depression and anxiety scores during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from the Virginia statewide COVIDsmart longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1749. [PMID: 37679746 PMCID: PMC10485957 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been growing concern about the declining mental health and healthy behaviors compared to pre-pandemic levels. Despite this, there is a lack of longitudinal studies that have examined the relationship between health behaviors and mental health during the pandemic. In response, the statewide COVIDsmart longitudinal study was launched. The study's main objective is to better understand the effects of the pandemic on mental health. Findings may provide a foundation for the identification of public health strategies to mitigate future negative impacts of the pandemic. METHODS Following online recruitment in spring of 2021, adults, ages 18 to 87, filled out social, mental, economic, occupational, and physical health questionnaires on the digital COVIDsmart platform at baseline and through six monthly follow-ups. Changes in the participant's four health behaviors (e.g., tobacco and alcohol consumption, physical activity, and social media use), along with sex, age, loneliness score, and reported social and economic (SE) hardships, were analyzed for within-between group associations with depression and anxiety scores using Mixed Models Repeated Measures. RESULTS In this study, of the 669 individuals who reported, the within-between group analysis indicated that younger adults (F = 23.81, p < 0.0001), loneliness (F = 234.60, p < 0.0001), SE hardships (F = 31.25, p < 0.0001), increased tobacco use (F = 3.05, p = 0.036), decreased physical activity (F = 6.88, p = 0.0002), and both positive and negative changes in social media use (F = 7.22, p = 0.0001) were significantly associated with worse depression scores. Additionally, females (F = 6.01, p = 0.015), younger adults (F = 32.30, p < 0.0001), loneliness (F = 154.59, p < 0.0001), SE hardships (F = 22.13, p < 0.0001), increased tobacco use (F = 4.87, p = 0.004), and both positive and negative changes in social media use (F = 3.51, p = 0.016) were significantly associated with worse anxiety scores. However, no significant changes were observed in the within-between group measurements of depression and anxiety scores over time (p > 0.05). Physical activity was not associated with anxiety nor was alcohol consumption with both depression and anxiety (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the longitudinal changes in behaviors within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings may facilitate the design of preventative population-based health approaches during the COVID-19 pandemic or future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matvey V Karpov
- Eastern Virginia Medical School-Sentara Healthcare Analytics and Delivery Science Institute, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Marilyn M Bartholmae
- Eastern Virginia Medical School-Sentara Healthcare Analytics and Delivery Science Institute, Norfolk, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Brian L Levy
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Amira A Roess
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Keith D Renshaw
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Joshua M Sill
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Sunita Dodani
- Eastern Virginia Medical School-Sentara Healthcare Analytics and Delivery Science Institute, Norfolk, VA, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
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Faust I, Warden M, Camacho-Soto A, Racette BA, Searles Nielsen S. A predictive algorithm to identify ever smoking in medical claims-based epidemiologic studies. Ann Epidemiol 2023; 85:59-67.e6. [PMID: 37142065 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and validate an algorithm to estimate probability of ever smoking using administrative claims. METHODS Using population-based samples of Medicare-aged individuals (121,278 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey respondents and 207,885 Medicare beneficiaries), we developed a logistic regression model to predict probability of ever smoking from demographic and claims data. We applied the model in 1,657,266 additional Medicare beneficiaries and calculated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) using presence or absence of a tobacco-specific diagnosis or procedure code as our "gold standard." We used these "gold standard" and lung/laryngeal cancer codes to over-ride predicted probability as 100%. We calculated Spearman's rho between probability from this full algorithm and smoking assessed in prior Parkinson disease studies, by substituting our observed and prior ("true") smoking-Parkinson disease odds ratios into the attenuation equation. RESULTS The predictive model contained 23 variables, including basic demographics, high alcohol consumption, asthma, cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors, selected cancers, and indicators of routine medical usage. The AUC was 67.6% (95% confidence interval 67.5%-67.7%) comparing smoking probability to tobacco-specific diagnosis or procedure codes. Spearman's rho for the full algorithm was 0.82. CONCLUSIONS Ever smoking might be approximated in administrative data for use as a continuous, probabilistic variable in epidemiologic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Faust
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Department of Neurology, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO; Barrow Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology, 240 W. Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ.
| | - Mark Warden
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Department of Neurology, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO.
| | - Alejandra Camacho-Soto
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Department of Neurology, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO; Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Neurological Rehabilitation Division, 660 S. Euclid, St. Louis, MO.
| | - Brad A Racette
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Department of Neurology, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO; Barrow Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology, 240 W. Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ; University of the Witwatersrand, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, 27 St. Andrews Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Susan Searles Nielsen
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Department of Neurology, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO.
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210
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Jackson SE, Shahab L, Brown J. Examining the influence of tobacco control mass media campaign expenditure on the association between motivation to stop smoking and quit attempts: A prospective study in England. Addict Behav 2023; 144:107744. [PMID: 37126918 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether expenditure on national tobacco control mass media campaigns moderates the association between motivation to stop smoking and future quit attempts. METHOD Data were from 2601 people who smoke participating in a population survey with 12-month follow-up between April 2015 and February 2021. We used logistic regression to test associations of (i) baseline level of motivation to stop smoking, (ii) mean monthly tobacco control mass media campaign expenditure in England between baseline and follow-up, and (iii) their interaction, on past-year quit attempts assessed at 12-month follow-up. Covariates included age, sex, occupational social grade, and region. RESULTS Between baseline and follow-up, 38.6% of participants made a quit attempt. Each one-point increase in baseline motivation to stop smoking was associated with 1.37 times greater odds (95%CI = 1.31-1.43) of making a quit attempt over 12-month follow-up. Each one standard deviation increase in tobacco control mass media expenditure between baseline and 12-month follow-up was associated with 13% greater odds of making a quit attempt (95%CI = 1.05-1.23). There was no significant interaction between mass media expenditure and motivation to stop on quit attempts (OR = 1.01, 95%CI = 0.97-1.05); the data provided strong evidence for the null (Bayes factors = 0.07 and 0.04 based on expected effect sizes of OR = 1.5 and OR = 0.67, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Among people who smoke, self-reported level of motivation to stop strongly predicted whether they made a quit attempt in the subsequent year. Increased expenditure on tobacco control mass media campaigns was associated with increased quit attempts. The association between motivation and quit attempts did not differ according to tobacco control mass media expenditure over this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK; SPECTRUM Consortium, UK.
| | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK; SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
| | - Jamie Brown
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK; SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
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Wang Z, Yang J, Gao Q, He S, Xu Y, Luo Z, Liu P, Wu M, Xu X, Ma L, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Yang J. The transcription factor NtERF13a enhances abiotic stress tolerance and phenylpropanoid compounds biosynthesis in tobacco. Plant Sci 2023; 334:111772. [PMID: 37331634 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The AP2/ERF (APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR) transcription factors play multiple roles in modulating the biosynthesis of diverse specialized metabolites in response to various environmental stresses. ERF13 has been shown to participate in plant resistance to biotic stress as well as in repressing the synthesis of fatty acid. However, its full roles in regulating plant metabolism and stress resistance still remains to be further studied. In this study, we identified two NtERF genes from N. tabacum genome that belong to Ⅸa subgroup of ERF family. Over-expression and knock-out of NtERF13a showed that NtERF13a could enhance plant resistance to salt and drought stresses, as well as promoted the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid (CGA), flavonoids, and lignin in tobacco. Transcriptome analysis between WT and NtERF13a-OE plants revealed 6 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that encode enzymes catalyzing the key steps of phenylpropanoid pathway. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, Y1H, and Dual-Luc assays further clarified that NtERF13a could directly bind to the fragments containing GCC box or DRE element in the promoters of NtHCT, NtF3'H, and NtANS genes to induce the transcription of these genes. Knock-out of NtHCT, NtF3'H, or NtANS in the NtERF13a-OE background significantly repressed the increase of phenylpropanoid compound contents caused by over-expression of NtERF13a, indicating that the promotion of NtERF13a on the phenylpropanoid compound contents depends on the activity of NtHCT, NtF3'H, and NtANS. Our study demonstrated new roles of NtERF13a in promoting plant resistance to abiotic stresses, and provided a promising target for modulating the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid compounds in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jinchu Yang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming 650202, China
| | - Shun He
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yongming Xu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Zhaopeng Luo
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mingzhu Wu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xin Xu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lanxin Ma
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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212
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Chen LS, Baker TB, Ramsey A, Amos CI, Bierut LJ. Genomic medicine to reduce tobacco and related disorders: Translation to precision prevention and treatment. Addict Neurosci 2023; 7:100083. [PMID: 37602286 PMCID: PMC10434839 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Genomic medicine can enhance prevention and treatment. First, we propose that advances in genomics have the potential to enhance assessment of disease risk, improve prognostic predictions, and guide treatment development and application. Clinical implementation of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) has emerged as an area of active research. The pathway from genomic discovery to implementation is an iterative process. Second, we provide examples on how genomic medicine has the potential to solve problems in prevention and treatment using two examples: Lung cancer screening and evidence-based tobacco treatment are both under-utilized and great opportunities for genomic interventions. Third, we discuss the translational process for developing genomic interventions from evidence to implementation by presenting a model to evaluate genomic evidence for clinical implementation, mechanisms of genomic interventions, and patient desire for genomic interventions. Fourth, we present potential challenges in genomic interventions including a great need for evidence in all diverse populations, little evidence on treatment algorithms, challenges in accommodating a dynamic evidence base, and implementation challenges in real world clinical settings. Finally, we conclude that research to identify genomic markers that are associated with smoking cessation success and the efficacy of smoking cessation treatments is needed to empower people of all diverse ancestry. Importantly, genomic data can be used to help identify patients with elevated risk for nicotine addiction, difficulty quitting smoking, favorable response to specific pharmacotherapy, and tobacco-related health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shiun Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Timothy B. Baker
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Alex Ramsey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Christopher I. Amos
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Laura J. Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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213
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Peltier MR, McKee SA. The role of sex hormones in targeting stress-induced tobacco craving, stress-reactivity, and smoking with guanfacine among women who smoke. Addict Neurosci 2023; 7:100084. [PMID: 37396408 PMCID: PMC10311966 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Women who smoke are particularly vulnerable to tobacco craving, smoking behaviors, and relapse in the context of stress when compared to men who smoke. One factor in this sex difference may be sex hormones, including estradiol and progesterone; however, smoking cessation medication trials often do not explore the impact of sex hormones on drug effects. This secondary analysis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study explored the impact of levels of actual estradiol and progesterone on guanfacine, a noradrenergic α2a agonist, which attenuates stress-induced smoking behaviors in women. Women who smoke (n = 43) completed a stress induction laboratory paradigm followed by an ad-libitum smoking period. Assessment of tobacco craving, and stress-reactivity (via cortisol response) occurred pre- and post-stress induction. Results indicated that guanfacine attenuated stress-induced tobacco craving (F = 10.94, p = 0.02) and cortisol response (F = 14.23, p < 0.001); however, high levels of estradiol overrode guanfacine's effect on craving (F = 4.00, p = 0.05), cortisol response (F = 14.23, p < 0.001), and smoking during the ad-libitum period (F = 12.23, p = 0.001). Additionally, progesterone proved to be protective against tobacco craving and enhanced guanfacine's medication effect on craving (F = 5.57, p = 0.02). The present study found that sex hormones had a significant impact on medication effects in a smoking cessation trial and thus underscore the importance of examining the role of sex hormones in future medication trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- MacKenzie R. Peltier
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 2 Church Street South, Suite 109, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Psychology Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Sherry A. McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 2 Church Street South, Suite 109, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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214
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Tonkin S, Kezbers KM, Noble B, Cropsey K, Kendzor DE, Oliver J, Businelle M. Comparison of the Bluetooth iCOquit, piCO, and Vitalograph for the assessment of breath carbon monoxide among adults initiating smoking cessation and standardized canisters. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 250:110902. [PMID: 37506541 PMCID: PMC10529684 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Bluetooth iCOquit enables remote biochemical verification of smoking status, but its validity among adults attempting to quit smoking is unclear. This study 1) compared the iCOquit, piCO, and Vitalograph sensors to identify device-specific bias, 2) assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the iCOquit for the overall sample and within specific subgroups (sex, race, smoking rate, menthol use), and 3) assessed the validity of iCOquit readings against standardized CO canisters. METHODS iCOquit devices were tested with human breath samples from individuals seeking treatment for combustible tobacco use (N = 93) attending an in-person clinic visit. Participants provided breath samples via the iCOquit, piCO, and Vitalograph (order randomized). iCOquit devices were also tested using 5 and 10 parts per million (ppm) canisters. RESULTS The iCOquit underestimated CO and categorized more participants as abstinent relative to the other CO sensors with human breath samples. The results suggested the iCOquit could not be used interchangeably with the other CO devices. Using a cut-off of < 6 ppm, the diagnostic accuracy of the iCOquit (specificity = 94%; sensitivity = 85%) did not vary across demographic/smoking subgroups. Canister tests with the iCOquit suggested good precision (< 1 ppm). CONCLUSIONS The iCOquit is an affordable option for the remote measurement of CO that provides a reasonably accurate assessment of smoking status of those attempting to quit smoking using abstinence cut-off criteria of < 6 ppm. However, compared to other CO monitors, the iCOquit may underestimate CO, thereby increasing error in assessing abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tonkin
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
| | - Krista M Kezbers
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Bishop Noble
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Karen Cropsey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Darla E Kendzor
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States; Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jason Oliver
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States; Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Michael Businelle
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States; Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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215
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Hasan M, Hossain MM, Abrarin S, Kormoker T, Billah MM, Bhuiyan MKA, Akbor MA, Salam SMA, Khan R, Naher K, Salam MA, Ali MM, Rahman MM, Emran TB, Mahmoud Z, Khandaker MU, Siddique MAB. Heavy metals in popularly sold branded cigarettes in Bangladesh and associated health hazards from inhalation exposure. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:100828-100844. [PMID: 37644270 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco products are widely recognized as a major contributor to death. Cigarette smoke contains several toxic chemicals including heavy metals particulate causing high health risks. However, limited information has been available on the health risks associated with the heavy metals in cigarettes commonly sold in the Bangladeshi market. This study evaluated the concentrations and potential health risks posed by ten concerned heavy metals in ten widely consumed cigarette brands in Bangladesh using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The concentration (mg/kg) ranges of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn vary between 0.46-1.05, 0.55-1.03, 0.80-1.2, 0.22-0.40, 0.46-0.78, 2.59-3.03, 436.8-762.7, 115.8-184.4, 146.6-217.7, and 34.0-42.7, respectively. We assume that the heavy metals content among cigarette brands is varied due to the differences in the source of tobacco they use for cigarette preparation. The carcinogenic risks posed by heavy metals follow the order of Cr > Co > Cd > As > Ni > Pb, while the non-carcinogenic risks for Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn were greater than unity (HQ > 1), except for Fe. The existence of toxic heavy metals in cigarette tobacco may thus introduce noticeable non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health impacts accompanying inhalation exposure. This study provides the first comprehensive report so far on heavy metal concentration and associated health risks in branded cigarettes commonly sold in Bangladesh. Hence, this data and the information provided can serve as a baseline as well as a reference for future research and have potential implications for policy and legislation in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehedi Hasan
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Moazzem Hossain
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Shaifa Abrarin
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Tapos Kormoker
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Md Masum Billah
- Inter-Departmental Research Centre for Environmental Science - CIRSA, University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna Campus, Ravenna, 48123, Italy
| | - Md Khurshid Alam Bhuiyan
- Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), University of Cádiz, Research Institutes Building, Puerto Real Campus, Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Md Ahedul Akbor
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Sayed M A Salam
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Rahat Khan
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrun Naher
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Abdus Salam
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mir Mohammad Ali
- Department of Aquaculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Laboratory of Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Z Mahmoud
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Md Abu Bakar Siddique
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh.
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216
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Lu J, Ye R, Qu M, Wang Y, Liang T, Lin J, Xie R, Ke Y, Gao J, Li C, Guo J, Tang W, Li W, Chen S. Combined transcriptome and proteome analysis revealed the molecular regulation mechanisms of zinc homeostasis and antioxidant machinery in tobacco in response to different zinc supplies. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 202:107919. [PMID: 37557018 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants. Adequate regulation of Zn uptake, transport and distribution, and adaptation to Zn-deficiency stress or Zn-excess toxicity are crucial for plant growth and development. However, little has been done to understand the molecular responses of plants toward different Zn supply levels. In the present study, we investigated the growth and physiological responses of tobacco seedlings grown under Zn-completely deficient, Zn-limiting, Zn-normal, and Zn-4-fold sufficient conditions, respectively, and demonstrated that Zn deficiency/limitation caused oxidative stress and impaired growth of tobacco plants. Combined transcriptome and proteome analysis revealed up-regulation of genes/proteins associated with Zn uptake and distribution, including ZIPs, NAS3s, and HMA1s, and up-regulation of genes/proteins involved in regulation of oxidative stress, including SODs, APX1s, GPX6, and GSTs in tobacco seedlings in response to Zn deficiency/limitation, suggesting that tobacco possessed mechanisms to regulate Zn homeostasis primarily through up-regulation of the ZIPs-NAS3s module, and to alleviate Zn deficiency/limitation-induced oxidative stress through activation of the antioxidant machinery. Our results provide novel insights into the adaptive mechanisms of tobacco in response to different Zn supplies, and would lay a theoretical foundation for development of varieties of tobacco or its relatives with high tolerance to Zn-deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Lu
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Rongrong Ye
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Mengyu Qu
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuemin Wang
- Fujian Institute of Tobacco Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Tingmin Liang
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jinbin Lin
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rongrong Xie
- Fujian Institute of Tobacco Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China; International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuqin Ke
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jingjuan Gao
- Fujian Institute of Tobacco Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China; International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Fujian Institute of Tobacco Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Jinping Guo
- Fujian Institute of Tobacco Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Weiqi Tang
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Wenqing Li
- Fujian Institute of Tobacco Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China.
| | - Songbiao Chen
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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217
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Angarita GA, Pittman B, Nararajan A, Mayerson TF, Parate A, Marlin B, Gueorguieva RR, Potenza MN, Ganesan D, Malison RT. Discriminating cocaine use from other sympathomimetics using wearable electrocardiographic (ECG) sensors. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 250:110898. [PMID: 37523916 PMCID: PMC10905422 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our group has established the feasibility of using on-body electrocardiographic (ECG) sensors to detect cocaine use in the human laboratory. The purpose of the current study was to test whether ECG sensors and features are capable of discriminating cocaine use from other non-cocaine sympathomimetics. METHODS Eleven subjects with cocaine use disorder wore the Zephyr BioHarness™ 3 chest band under six experimental (drug and non-drug) conditions, including 1) laboratory, intravenous cocaine self-administration, 2) after a single oral dose of methylphenidate, 3) during aerobic exercise, 4) during tobacco use (N=7 who smoked tobacco), and 5) during routine activities of daily inpatient living (unit activity). Three ECG-derived feature sets served as primary outcome measures, including 1) the RR interval (i.e., heart rate), 2) a group of ECG interval proxies (i.e., PR, QS, QT and QTc intervals), and 3) the full ECG waveform. Discriminatory power between cocaine and non-cocaine conditions for each of the three outcomes measures was expressed as the area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve. RESULTS All three outcomes successfully discriminated cocaine use from unit activity, exercise, tobacco, and methylphenidate conditions with a mean AUROC values ranging from 0.66 to 0.99 and with least squares means values all statistically different/higher than 0.5 among all subjects [F(3, 99) = 3.38, p =0.02] and among those with tobacco use [F(4, 84) = 5.39, p = 0.0007]. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results support discriminatory power of wearable ECG sensors for detecting cocaine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Angarita
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06519, USA; Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT06519, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT06519, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510, USA.
| | - Brian Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06519, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510, USA
| | - Annamalai Nararajan
- Philips Research North America, Cambridge, MA02141, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510, USA
| | - Talia F Mayerson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06519, USA; Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT06519, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT06519, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510, USA
| | - Abhinav Parate
- Manning College of Information and Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA01003, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510, USA; Lumme Health Inc, Boston, MA02210, USA
| | - Benjamin Marlin
- Manning College of Information and Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA01003, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510, USA
| | - Ralitza R Gueorguieva
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT06510, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06519, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT06519, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510, USA; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT06510, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT06109, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, New Haven, CT06510, USA
| | - Deepak Ganesan
- Manning College of Information and Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA01003, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510, USA
| | - Robert T Malison
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06519, USA; Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT06519, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT06510, USA
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218
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Patel A, Cook S, Mattingly DT, Barnes GD, Arenberg DA, Levy DT, Meza R, Fleischer NL, Hirschtick JL. Longitudinal Association Between Exclusive and Dual Use of Cigarettes and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Asthma Among U.S. Adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:437-444. [PMID: 37306645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) use among adolescents has increased greatly over the past decade, but its impact on chronic respiratory health conditions, like asthma, is not fully understood. METHODS We examined data from Waves 1-5 (2013-2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study using discrete time hazard models to analyze the association between time-varying tobacco product use and incident diagnosed asthma among adolescents aged 12-17 years at baseline. We lagged the time-varying exposure variable by one wave and categorized respondents by current use status (1+ days in the past 30 days): never or non-current, exclusive cigarette, exclusive ENDS, and dual cigarette and ENDS use. We also controlled for sociodemographic (age, sex, race/ethnicity, parental education) and other risk factors (urban/rural setting, secondhand smoke exposure, household combustible tobacco use, body mass index). RESULTS At baseline, over half the analytic sample (n = 9,141) was 15-17 years old (50.4%), female (50.2%), and non-Hispanic White (55.3%). Adolescents who exclusively smoked cigarettes had a statistically significant higher risk of incident diagnosed asthma at follow-up (adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR): 1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21-2.32) compared to those not currently using cigarettes or ENDS, but adolescents using ENDS exclusively (aHR: 1.25, 95% CI: 0.77-2.04) or in combination with cigarettes (aHR: 1.54, 95% CI: 0.92-2.57) did not. DISCUSSION Short-term exclusive cigarette use was associated with a higher risk of incident diagnosed asthma over five years of follow-up among adolescents. We did not find conclusive evidence for an association between exclusive ENDS or dual use and incident diagnosed asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Patel
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Steven Cook
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Delvon T Mattingly
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Geoffrey D Barnes
- Center for Bioethics and Social Science in Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Douglas A Arenberg
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David T Levy
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C
| | - Rafael Meza
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nancy L Fleischer
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jana L Hirschtick
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Koh DH. The relationship between heated cigarette smoking and blood white blood cell count: a population-based cross-sectional study. Public Health 2023; 222:154-159. [PMID: 37544126 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Conventional cigarette smoking increases inflammation and white blood cell (WBC) counts. However, there have been limited studies on the relationship between heated cigarette smoking and WBC counts. This study aimed to examine this relationship using nationally representative population-based health data. STUDY DESIGN This was a population-based cross-sectional study. METHODS The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database was used to analyze this relationship. Data related to sex, age, body mass index (BMI), WBC count, and smoking history were obtained from the database. The smoking-related questionnaires included smoking status, smoking type (heated or conventional cigarettes), and smoking amount. The summary statistics of the WBC counts were calculated according to sex, smoking status, and smoking type. In addition, the exposure-response relationship between the smoking amount and WBC count was examined by smoking type, controlling for sex, age, and BMI. RESULTS In total, 9747 WBC measurements were used in the analyses. WBC count increased in conventional cigarette smokers, while there was no significant difference in WBC count between heated cigarette smokers and non-smokers. The WBC count showed a positive dose-response relationship with the smoking amount in both conventional and heated cigarette smokers. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm that conventional cigarette smoking increases WBC counts. Furthermore, the results suggest that heated cigarette smoking does not lead to a significant increase in WBC counts, although it indicates a potential dose-response relationship with WBC count. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm whether these results reflect true associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-H Koh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, South Korea.
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220
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Pearce A, Scarfe J, Jones M, Cashmore A, Milat A, Barnes L, Passey ME. Study protocol of an economic evaluation embedded in the Midwives and Obstetricians Helping Mothers to Quit Smoking (MOHMQuit) trial. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:939. [PMID: 37658343 PMCID: PMC10472694 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09898-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking during pregnancy is the most important preventable risk factor for pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes and can have lifelong consequences for infants. Smoking during pregnancy is associated with higher healthcare costs related to birth complications and during childhood. Psychosocial interventions to support pregnant women to quit are effective, yet provision of smoking cessation support has been inconsistent. The Midwives and Obstetricians Helping Mothers to Quit Smoking (MOHMQuit) intervention provides systems change, and leadership and clinician elements, to support clinicians to help women stop smoking in pregnancy. There have been few long-term analyses conducted of the cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions for pregnant women that target healthcare providers. This protocol describes the economic evaluation of the MOHMQuit trial, a pragmatic stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled implementation trial in nine public maternity services in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, to ascertain whether MOHMQuit is cost-effective in supporting clinicians to help women quit smoking in pregnancy compared to usual care. METHODS Two primary analyses will be carried out comparing MOHMQuit with usual care from an Australian health care system perspective: i) a within-trial cost-effectiveness analysis with results presented as the incremental cost per additional quitter; and ii) a lifetime cost-utility analysis using a published probabilistic decision analytic Markov model with results presented as incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained for mother and child. Patient-level data on resource use and outcomes will be used in the within-trial analysis and extrapolated and supplemented with national population statistics and published data from the literature for the lifetime analysis. DISCUSSION There is increasing demand for information on the cost-effectiveness of implementing healthcare interventions to provide policy makers with critical information for the best value for money within finite budgets. Economic evaluation of the MOHMQuit trial will provide essential, policy-relevant information for decision makers on the value of evidence-based implementation of support for healthcare providers delivering services for pregnant women. TRIAL REGISTRATIONS ACTRN12622000167763, registered 2 February 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Pearce
- The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between Cancer Council NSW and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joanne Scarfe
- The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between Cancer Council NSW and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Matthew Jones
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Unit of Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Aaron Cashmore
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence, NSW Ministry of Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Milat
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence, NSW Ministry of Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Larisa Barnes
- The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between Cancer Council NSW and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Megan E Passey
- The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between Cancer Council NSW and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Liu S, Zhang Y, Pan X, Li B, Yang Q, Yang C, Zhang J, Wu F, Yang A, Li Y. PIF1, a phytochrome-interacting factor negatively regulates drought tolerance and carotenoids biosynthesis in tobacco. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125693. [PMID: 37419268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) function crucially in multiple physiological processes, but the biological functions of some PIFs remain elusive in some species. Here, a PIF transcription factor NtPIF1 was cloned and characterized in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). The transcript of NtPIF1 was significantly induced by drought stress treatments, and it localized in the nuclear. Knockout of NtPIF1 by CRISPR/Cas9 system led to the improved drought tolerance of tobacco with increased osmotic adjustment, antioxidant activity, photosynthetic efficiency and decreased water loss rate. On the contrary, NtPIF1-overexpression plants displays drought-sensitive phenotypes. In addition, NtPIF1 reduced the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) and its upstream carotenoids by regulating the expression of genes involved in ABA and carotenoids biosynthetic pathway upon drought stress. Electrophoretic mobility shift and dual-luciferase assays illustrated that, NtPIF1 directly bind to the E-box elements within the promoters of NtNCED3, NtABI5, NtZDS and Ntβ-LCY to repress their transcription. Overall, these data suggested that NtPIF1 negatively regulate tobacco adaptive response to drought stress and carotenoids biosynthesis; moreover, NtPIF1 has the potential to develop drought-tolerant tobacco plants using CRISPR/Cas9 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China; Shenzhen Yupeng Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Yinchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xuhao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Bin Li
- Sichuan Tobacco Corporation, Chengdu 610014, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Changqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China
| | | | - Fengyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Yiting Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Jarlstrup NS, Thygesen LC, Pisinger C, Vestbo J, Grønbæk M, Tolstrup JS. Trends in smoking-related diseases by socioeconomic position following a national smoking ban in 2007: a nationwide study in the Danish population. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1648. [PMID: 37641031 PMCID: PMC10463393 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND National comprehensive smoke-free legislation has been found to decrease the incidence of several smoking-related diseases. In 2007, Denmark introduced a national smoking ban, which banned smoking indoor in workplaces and public places, although only partial restrictions were applied in certain settings. We examined the impact of the smoking ban on smoking-related diseases and whether this differed across socioeconomic groups. METHODS Interrupted time series analyses of nationwide register data were performed using Poisson regression models to examine the differential impact of the smoking ban on monthly incidence rates of acute myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and smoking-related cancers from 2002 to 2015. Immediate changes in incidence rates after the smoking ban and long-term changes in disease trends were estimated by comparing data from the pre- and post-ban period. Models were stratified by socioeconomic position. RESULTS Overall, we found neither immediate changes in rates of acute myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and smoking-related cancers following the smoking ban nor long-term post-ban changes in disease trends as compared to before the ban. Results did not differ across socioeconomic groups. A pronounced socioeconomic gradient in incidence rates was observed for all outcomes both before and after the smoking ban. CONCLUSION The national smoking ban was not associated with a lower incidence of smoking-related diseases in the post-ban period compared to pre-ban levels and no differences between socioeconomic groups were observed. Future tobacco control in Denmark should consider which measures most effectively target the low socioeconomic groups to decrease the current strong socioeconomic inequality in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Schneekloth Jarlstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lau C Thygesen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotta Pisinger
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Vestbo
- University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Morten Grønbæk
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne S Tolstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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223
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Wen KY, Liang J, Diep D, Barta J, Juon HS. Smoking Cessation Interventions Among Asian Americans: a Scoping Review. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01760-w. [PMID: 37624538 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01760-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA, with smoking rates remaining disproportionately high among Asian-Americans, particularly in males with limited English proficiency, including Vietnamese (43%), Korean (37%), and Chinese (29%) Americans. Barriers to smoking cessation in this population include high social acceptability of smoking in participants' countries of origin, low quit intention, and limited use of linguistically appropriate smoking cessation resources. This paper aims to conduct a systematic review of studies evaluating the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions targeting Asian-Americans. METHODS The researchers conducted a thorough search of Scopus, Medline, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar from 2006 through March 2022, as well as reference lists of relevant articles. The inclusion criteria for the studies were that they described smoking cessation interventions for Asian-Americans and Asian immigrants, and reported outcomes related to feasibility, acceptability, usability, and smoking-related outcomes. RESULTS The review identified 14 studies with a total of 5607 participants, with participant numbers ranging from 26 to 2277. The interventions varied across 14 distinct approaches, with individual counseling being a prominent component. These interventions were found to be feasible and culturally acceptable. All studies reported positive smoking-related outcomes, including abstinence rates ranging from 26.7 to 68% and an increase in quit attempts. Culturally sensitive components and linguistically tailored content played a significant role in promoting participant engagement. The retention rates in the studies ranged from 42 to 100%, highlighting the importance of partnership with the Asian community, cultural and ethnic congruence, and family involvement and support. CONCLUSION The review highlighted the lack of direct in-language treatment as a disadvantage for Asian-American smokers in accessing evidence-based treatments. Despite this, the review reported the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of a limited number of culturally targeted interventions for Asian-Americans, who are the fastest-growing racial-ethnic group. Future research should focus on exploring novel community-based and culturally adapted approaches for hard-to-reach and high-risk ethnic Asian subgroups to further improve smoking cessation outcomes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Yi Wen
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jessica Liang
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Debbie Diep
- Department of Human Sexuality, Widener University, Chester, PA, USA
| | - Julie Barta
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hee-Soon Juon
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Lee RM, Daly JG, Mallick K, Ramanadhan S, Torres CH, Hayes CR, Bertolini A, Nalls R, Emmons KM. Implementation of evidence-based primary cancer prevention interventions in MA community health centers: an explanatory sequential mixed methods study. Implement Sci Commun 2023; 4:101. [PMID: 37620976 PMCID: PMC10463327 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-023-00483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than half of cancers could be prevented by employing evidence-based interventions (EBIs), including prevention interventions targeting nutrition, physical activity, and tobacco. Federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) are the primary source of patient care for over 30 million Americans - making them an optimal setting for ensuring evidence-based prevention that advances health equity. The aims of this study are to (1) determine the degree to which primary cancer prevention EBIs are being implemented within Massachusetts FQHCs and (2) describe how these EBIs are implemented internally and via community partnerships. METHODS We used an explanatory sequential mixed methods design to assess the implementation of cancer prevention EBIs. First, we collected 34 quantitative surveys from staff at 16 FQHCs across Massachusetts to determine the frequency of EBI implementation. We followed up with 12 qualitative one-on-one interviews among a sample of staff to understand how the EBIs selected on the survey were implemented. Exploration of contextual influences on implementation and use of partnerships was guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Quantitative data were summarized descriptively, and qualitative analyses used reflexive, thematic approaches, beginning deductively with codes from CFIR, then inductively coding additional categories. RESULTS All FQHCs indicated they offered clinic-based tobacco interventions, such as clinician-delivered screening practices and prescription of tobacco cessation medications. Quitline interventions and some diet/physical activity EBIs were available at all FQHCs, but staff perceptions of penetration were low. Only 38% of FQHCs offered group tobacco cessation counseling and 63% referred patients to mobile phone-based cessation interventions. We found multilevel factors influenced implementation across intervention types - including the complexity of intervention trainings, available time and staffing, motivation of clinicians, funding, and external policies and incentives. While partnerships were described as valuable, only one FQHC reported using clinical-community linkages for primary cancer prevention EBIs. CONCLUSIONS Adoption of primary prevention EBIs in Massachusetts FQHCs is relatively high, but stable staffing and funding are required to successfully reach all eligible patients. FQHC staff are enthusiastic about the potential of community partnerships to foster improved implementation-providing training and support to build these relationships will be key to fulfilling that promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka M Lee
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - James G Daly
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kamini Mallick
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shoba Ramanadhan
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Cassidy R Hayes
- Caring Health Center, 1049 Main Street, Springfield, MA, 01103, USA
| | - Alyssa Bertolini
- Caring Health Center, 1049 Main Street, Springfield, MA, 01103, USA
| | - Ra'Shaun Nalls
- Office of Diversity & Inclusion, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Karen M Emmons
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Hernandez D, Khan F, Albert D, Giovenco D, Branas C, Valeri L, Navas-Acien A. A randomized control trial to support smoke-free policy compliance in public housing. Trials 2023; 24:551. [PMID: 37608390 PMCID: PMC10463922 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoke-free housing policies in multiunit housing are increasingly widespread interventions to reduce smoking and secondhand smoke exposure. Little research has identified factors that impede compliance with smoke-free housing policies in low-income multiunit housing and test corresponding solutions. METHODS We are using an experimental design to test two compliance support interventions: (A) a "compliance through reduction (via relocation and reduction in personal smoking) and cessation" intervention targets households with smokers and involves support to shift smoking practices to areas beyond the apartment or building setting, reduce personal smoking, and deliver in-residence smoking cessation support services via trained peer educators and (B) a "compliance through resident endorsement" intervention involving voluntary adoption of smoke-free living environments through personal pledges, visible door markers, and/or via social media. We will compare randomly sampled participants in buildings that receive A or B or A plus B to the NYCHA standard approach. DISCUSSION This RCT addresses key gaps in knowledge and capitalizes on key scientific opportunities by (1) leveraging the federal mandate to ban smoking in a public housing system of more than sufficient size to conduct an adequately powered RCT; (2) expanding our understanding of smoke-free policy compliance beyond policy implementation by testing two novel treatments: (a) in-residence smoking cessation and (b) resident endorsement, while (3) addressing population and location-specific tobacco-related disparities. At the conclusion of the study, this RCT will have leveraged a monumental policy shift affecting nearly half a million NYC public housing residents, many of whom disproportionately experience chronic illness and are more likely to smoke and be exposed to secondhand smoke than other city residents. This first-ever RCT will test the effects of much-needed compliance strategies on resident smoking behavior and secondhand smoke exposure in multiunit housing. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Registered, NCT05016505. Registered on August 23, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Hernandez
- Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA.
| | - Farzana Khan
- Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
| | - David Albert
- Health Policy and Management, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Giovenco
- Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
| | - Charles Branas
- Epidemiology, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
| | - Linda Valeri
- Biostatistics, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
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Liu J, Roberts J, Reynolds MJ, Hanby E, Gundersen DA, Winickoff JP, Rees VW, Emmons KM, Tan ASL. Barriers and facilitators to address vaping in Massachusetts schools: a mixed-methods study of school-based stakeholders. Transl Behav Med 2023; 13:589-600. [PMID: 37084410 PMCID: PMC10415734 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed vaping behaviors, environments, COVID-19 influences, and barriers and facilitators of existing approaches that address adolescent vaping in Massachusetts middle and high schools. Findings from this study will provide considerations for individual schools or districts as they advance adolescent vaping prevention and treatment efforts. We analyzed 310 open-ended comments from Massachusetts school administrators who completed a survey between November 2020 and January 2021. Further, we analyzed nine semi-structured interviews with administrators (e.g., principals, vice principals, school nurses) from Massachusetts school systems (n = 6) and school-based anti-tobacco advocates (n = 3); interviews took place between May and December 2021. Informed by Green's PRECEDE model, we conducted a framework analysis using deductive codes based on the model constructs (enabling, reinforcing, and predisposing factors) and inductive codes of key themes emerging from the interviews. Challenges to addressing adolescent vaping included staff capacity, funding, and lack of mental health and counseling supports. The COVID-19 pandemic was a major barrier to conducting usual in-person vaping programs, but also reduced student vaping at school due to new social distancing practices and bathroom use policies. Facilitators of vaping interventions included peer-led initiatives and parental involvement. Participants discussed the importance of educating adolescents on the harms of vaping and the move toward alternatives-to-suspension programs rather than disciplinary action. School-based anti-vaping program implementers-such as school districts, state departments of education, or local health departments-will need to leverage facilitators such as peer-led initiatives, alternatives-to-suspension approaches, and parental involvement, to increase the potential impact of these programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Liu
- Harvard University, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jane Roberts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Survey and Qualitative Methods Core, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Elaine Hanby
- University of Pennsylvania, Annenberg School for Communication, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel A Gundersen
- Harvard University, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Survey and Qualitative Methods Core, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Winickoff
- MassGeneral Hospital Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Boston, MA, USA
- MGH Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Boston, MA, USA
- American Academy of Pediatrics Julius B. Richmond Center, Itasca, IL, USA
| | - Vaughan W Rees
- Harvard University, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen M Emmons
- Harvard University, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andy S L Tan
- University of Pennsylvania, Annenberg School for Communication, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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de Andrade RS, Oliveira FESD, Martelli DRB, de Barros LM, Martelli Júnior H. Maternal consumption of caffeine and second-hand tobacco smoke as risk factors for the development of oral clefts. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100266. [PMID: 37567043 PMCID: PMC10432903 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this case-control study was to investigate environmental factors, such as caffeine, folic acid, nutritional iron supplementation, multivitamin complexes, alcohol, and tobacco (second-hand smoking), which have been described as risk factors for the development of oral clefts. METHODS This case-control study employed convenience sampling and included 409 mothers: 132 with children with oral clefts (cases) and 277 with children without oral clefts (controls). The age range of the children in both groups was 0 to 2 years. A questionnaire was administered to each mother to inquire about their habits and food consumption during the first trimester of pregnancy. RESULTS Folic acid supplementation was observed in 116 (87.8%) of the case group (p < 0.001) and 271 (97.8%) of the control group. Regarding the use of ferrous sulfate, 114 (86.3%) of the case group and 271 (97.8%) of the control group reported using it. In the case group, 84 (63.6%) mothers reported being exposed to second-hand smoke, and 5 (3.7%) reported alcohol consumption (p = 0.797). In terms of caffeine consumption, 127 mothers (95.4%) in the case group consumed it (p = 0.13), while 247 (88.8%) reported consumption in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a direct relationship between secondhand smoke, alcohol consumption, and the lack of maternal supplementation with oral clefts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrício Emanuel Soares de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Primary Health Care, Unimontes, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Unimontes, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Letízia Monteiro de Barros
- José do Rosário Vellano University, Institute of Dentistry and Health Sciences, Periodontics, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hercílio Martelli Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Primary Health Care, Unimontes, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Unimontes, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Gupta B, Kumar N, Mahajan A. Awareness about Tobacco Causing Head and Neck Cancers via Mass Media: A Case-Control Study from India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:2593-2600. [PMID: 37642044 PMCID: PMC10685227 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.8.2593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the awareness of people about the adverse effects of tobacco (smoking and chewing) consumption causing head and neck cancers (HNCs) via mass media channels like television, cinema, radio and newspapers or magazines, wall painting or billboards / hoardings, public transportation and packets of chewing tobacco, bidis or cigarettes. METHODS Hospital-based case-control was conducted in Pune, Maharashtra, India. Face to face interviews were conducted for the purpose of data collection on 225 cases and 240 controls. The relationship between two categorical variables were estimated using chi-square test with a 2-tailed P value of <.05. SPSS software was used for data analysis. RESULTS Controls as compared to cases had good awareness scores for chewing (59.9%) and smoking tobacco (63.7%), P<0.001. The most common form of mass media was television where the cases (60.4%) and controls (77.9%) had heard messages about tobacco in chewing and smoking form causing HNCs. Level of awareness of tobacco causing HNCs amongst tobacco users, stratified by their status (cases versus controls) showed that cases were 1.68 times less likely than controls to have heard or seen messages about the association between chewing tobacco and HNCs via radio. Males (61.3% and 61.0%) had significantly (P<0.001) more awareness as compared to females (46.9% and 43.5%) about chewing and smoking tobacco as a causal factor for HNCs. CONCLUSION Mass media needs to create a social environment which discourages tobacco consumption and promotes oral health at the population level. Additionally, there should be easy access to the availability of support services like Quitline and other community support services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Gupta
- Department of Public health Torrens University Melbourne, Australia.
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229
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Morean ME, Kong G, Bold KW, Davis DR, Krishnan-Sarin S. Accurately classifying cannabis blunt use as tobacco-cannabis co-use versus exclusive cannabis use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 249:109941. [PMID: 37270936 PMCID: PMC10330737 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically, blunt use constituted tobacco-cannabis co-use based on the products available for creating blunts (e.g., hollowed-out cigars filled with cannabis). With the introduction of tobacco-free blunt wraps (e.g., hemp wraps), blunt use now may constitute tobacco-cannabis co-use or exclusive cannabis use. We examined adolescents' use of tobacco and tobacco-free blunt products and highlighted how misclassification of tobacco-cannabis co-use versus exclusive cannabis use may occur if products used to make blunts are not assessed. METHODS 4855 students from eight Connecticut high schools completed an online survey in 2022. Use of tobacco products for making blunts (e.g., cigarillos, tobacco blunt wraps) and tobacco-free blunt wraps were assessed as was the use of other tobacco products (e.g., e-cigarettes, cigarettes, hookah). The analytic sample comprised 475 students who endorsed lifetime blunt use. RESULTS Tobacco-free blunt wraps (72.6%) were the most popular product for making blunts, followed by cigarillos (56.5%), tobacco blunt wraps (49.2%), and large cigars (13.0%). When classified into mutually exclusive groups, students reported exclusive tobacco-free blunt use (32.3%), exclusive tobacco product blunt use (27.4%), or use of both tobacco product and tobacco-free blunts (40.3%). Among those exclusively using tobacco-free blunts, 13.4% endorsed no tobacco product use. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco-free blunt wraps were very popular among high school adolescents, highlighting the importance of assessing products used for making blunts. Assuming that blunts contain tobacco without considering tobacco-free blunts can lead to misclassification of blunt use as tobacco-cannabis co-use when it actually reflects exclusive cannabis use, potentially leading to inflated estimates of tobacco use. DATA AVAILABILITY Data will be made available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Morean
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New HavenCT06519USA.
| | - Grace Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New HavenCT06519USA
| | - Krysten W Bold
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New HavenCT06519USA
| | - Danielle R Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New HavenCT06519USA
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Wang J, Song J, Qi H, Zhang H, Wang L, Zhang H, Cui C, Ji G, Muhammad S, Sun G, Xu Z, Zhang H. Overexpression of 2-Cys Peroxiredoxin alleviates the NaHCO 3 stress-induced photoinhibition and reactive oxygen species damage of tobacco. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 201:107876. [PMID: 37413942 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin (2-Cys Prx) is a mercaptan peroxidase localized in chloroplasts and has unique catalytic properties. To explore the salt stress tolerance mechanisms of 2-Cys Prx in plants, we analyzed the effects of overexpressing the 2-CysPrx gene on the physiological and biochemical metabolic processes of tobacco under NaHCO3 stress through joint physiological and transcriptomic analysis. These parameters included growth phenotype, chlorophyll, photosynthesis, and antioxidant system. After NaHCO3 stress treatment, a total of 5360 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in 2-Cysprx overexpressed (OE) plants, and the number of DEGs was significantly lower than 14558 in wild-type (WT) plants. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in photosynthetic pathways, photosynthetic antenna proteins, and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. Overexpressing 2-CysPrx significantly reduced the growth inhibition of tobacco induced by NaHCO3 stress, alleviating the down-regulation of the DEGs related to chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthetic electron transport and the Calvin cycle and the up-regulation of those related to chlorophyll degradation. In addition, it also interacted with other redox systems such as thioredoxins (Trxs) and the NADPH-dependent Trx reductase C (NTRC), and mediated the positive regulation of the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) and the expression of related genes, thereby reducing the accumulation of superoxide anion (O2·-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). In conclusion, 2-CysPrx overexpression could alleviate the NaHCO3 stress-induced photoinhibition and oxidative damage by regulating chlorophyll metabolism, promoting photosynthesis and participating in the regulation of antioxidant enzymes, and thus improve the ability of plants to resist salt stress damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiechen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jiaqi Song
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hongling Qi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Hongjiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Congcong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Guangxin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Salman Muhammad
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhiru Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Than CT, Bean-Mayberry B, Schweizer CA, Lee M, Chanfreau-Coffinier C, Clair K, Hamilton AB, Farmer MM. Ask and Ask Again: Repeated Screening for Smoking Increases Likelihood of Prescription for Cessation Treatment Among Women Veterans. J Gen Intern Med 2023; 38:2553-2559. [PMID: 37277666 PMCID: PMC10465439 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-023-08227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventive screening at the point of care can increase desired clinical outcomes. However, the impact of repeated screening for tobacco use on receiving smoking cessation treatment among women Veteran population has not been documented. OBJECTIVE To examine screening for tobacco use using clinical reminders and the association between the number of screenings and prescription for cessation treatment. DESIGN A retrospective analysis using data from a 5-year implementation trial for cardiovascular risk identification conducted between December 2016 and March 2020. SUBJECTS Women patients who had at least one primary care visit with a women's health provider during the study period at five primary care clinics in the Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System. MEASURES The outcome is prescription of pharmacotherapy or referral to behavioral counseling for smoking cessation on or after the screening date. The exposure is the number of screenings for tobacco use from the trial and the annual VA national clinical reminders during the study period. RESULTS Of 6009 eligible patients, 5788 (96.3%) were screened at least once for tobacco use over five calendar years, and 2784 of those screened (48.1%) were reported as current and former smokers. Among current and former smokers, 709 (25.5%) received a prescription and/or referral for smoking cessation. In the adjusted model, the average predicted probability of prescription and/or referral for smoking cessation was 13.7% among current and former smokers screened once over 5 years, 18.6% among screened twice, 26.5% among screened thrice, 32.9% among screened four times, and 41.7% among screened five or six times. CONCLUSIONS Repeated screening was associated with higher predicted probabilities of being prescribed smoking cessation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire T Than
- VA Health Services Research & Development (HSR&D) Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, and Policy (CSHIIP), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (152), Building 25, North Hills, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA.
| | - Bevanne Bean-Mayberry
- VA Health Services Research & Development (HSR&D) Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, and Policy (CSHIIP), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (152), Building 25, North Hills, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA
- Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Amanda Schweizer
- VA Health Services Research & Development (HSR&D) Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, and Policy (CSHIIP), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (152), Building 25, North Hills, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA
| | - Martin Lee
- VA Health Services Research & Development (HSR&D) Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, and Policy (CSHIIP), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (152), Building 25, North Hills, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA
| | | | - Kimberly Clair
- VA Health Services Research & Development (HSR&D) Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, and Policy (CSHIIP), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (152), Building 25, North Hills, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA
| | - Alison B Hamilton
- VA Health Services Research & Development (HSR&D) Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, and Policy (CSHIIP), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (152), Building 25, North Hills, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melissa M Farmer
- VA Health Services Research & Development (HSR&D) Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, and Policy (CSHIIP), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (152), Building 25, North Hills, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA
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232
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Patel M, Kierstead EC, Kreslake J, Schillo BA. Patterns of oral nicotine pouch use among U.S. adolescents and young adults. Prev Med Rep 2023; 34:102239. [PMID: 37228836 PMCID: PMC10203764 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral nicotine pouches are gaining popularity, yet national-level research on youth and young adult use is still needed. We examined characteristics of those who use oral nicotine pouches and trends in use over time in a sample of U.S. youth and young adults. Data were obtained from a weekly, national, online, continuous tracking survey of approximately 315 unique participants (aged 15-24) per week. Bivariate analyses were conducted on those surveyed December 2021 to May 2022 (n = 7,832) summarizing demographic and tobacco product use characteristics of those currently using oral nicotine pouches, those who had ever used oral nicotine pouches, but not currently, and those who never used pouches. From December 2021 to May 2022, 16% of participants ever used nicotine pouches and 12% currently used the product. Participants who currently used oral nicotine pouches were more likely to report being aged 21+, male, and lower income. Seventy-three percent of those who currently used pouches and 33% of those who ever, but not currently, used pouches reported current cigarette smoking. Results suggest that many young people who smoke cigarettes are concurrently using oral nicotine pouches. We also examined current and ever use in respondents surveyed between September 2020 and May 2022 to assess trends over the two-year period (n = 25,944) and findings indicate stable oral nicotine product use rates over time among adolescents and young adults. Appropriate regulation is needed so nicotine naïve individuals do not initiate use and those currently using tobacco do not use oral nicotine pouches concurrently with other products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elexis C. Kierstead
- Corresponding author at: Truth Initiative Schroeder Institute, 900 G St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA
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233
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Cornacchione Ross J, Kowitt SD, Jarman KL, Ranney LM, Lazard AJ, Thrasher JF, Sheeran P, Goldstein AO. Perceived message effectiveness of cigar warning themes among adults in the United States. Prev Med Rep 2023; 34:102236. [PMID: 37234566 PMCID: PMC10206194 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Most tobacco warnings focus on health harms to the consumer, but other message themes may be promising. We assessed perceived message effectiveness (PME) among adults who smoke cigars for 12 cigar warning statements to discourage smoking, and measured PME across four message themes: explicit health effects to the consumer, secondhand smoke effects, chemicals/constituents, and toxicity. Between April 23 and May 7, 2020, we conducted an online study with U.S. adults who used any cigar type in the past 30 days (n = 777). Participants were randomly assigned to view two out of 12 warnings and rate each one on PME. We analyzed PME mean ratings (range 1 [low] to 5 [high]). The warning statements for lung cancer (M = 3.91) and heart disease (M = 3.77) had the highest PME ratings; secondhand smoke (M = 3.50) and formaldehyde (M = 3.48) had the lowest PME ratings. Multilevel analyses showed that the explicit health effects theme was associated with higher PME ratings compared to other warning themes (ps < 0.05 for chemicals/constituents and secondhand smoke effects) except toxicity (p =.16). Higher awareness of consequences was associated with higher PME ratings (p <.001). Higher nicotine dependence was also associated with higher PME ratings (p = .004). Warning statements with information addressing the themes of health harms and toxicity could potentially inform those who smoke cigars about the broader harms of cigar use and should be considered in FDA labeling regulations for cigars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cornacchione Ross
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Sarah D. Kowitt
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kristen L. Jarman
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Leah M. Ranney
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Allison J. Lazard
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James F. Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Paschal Sheeran
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Adam O. Goldstein
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Liu T, Phan L, Chen-Sankey J, Ajith A, Hacker K, Jewett B, Choi K. Race, Concern About COVID-19 Discrimination, and Cigarette Smoking Behavior: Comparison Between US Asian and White Adults Who Use Commercial Tobacco. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:1955-1961. [PMID: 35994174 PMCID: PMC9395842 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Asian discrimination incidents in the USA have resurged during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is unclear how concern about being discriminatorily treated due to the COVID-19 pandemic varies between Asian and Asian American (A&AsA) and White adults. We examined A&AsA vs. White differences in concern about COVID-19 discrimination and associations of this concern with changes in cigarette smoking behaviors before and during the pandemic. Data were from a US representative sample of A&AsA and White adults (≥ 21 years) who currently and formerly used commercial tobacco (n = 1052), collected through an online panel oversampling A&AsA adults in January-February 2021. Participants reported their concern, worry, and stress about COVID-19 discrimination and past-30-day cigarette consumption before and during the pandemic. We examined the association between race and overall concern about COVID-19 discrimination, and this concern's associations with changes in past-30-day cigarette smoking consumption, smoking continuation, and return to smoking using weighted multivariable logistic and linear regression models. Overall concern about COVID-19 discrimination was higher (adjusted mean = 1.7, standard error = 0.16) among A&AsA adults who currently and formerly used commercial tobacco than their White counterparts (adjusted mean = 0.60, standard error = 0.04; p < 0.01). Overall concern about COVID-19 discrimination was associated with increased past-30-day cigarette consumption by 26.5 cigarettes (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-51.9) and 4.4 times (95% CI = 2.3-8.5) greater odds of return to smoking among adults who smoke cigarettes. A&AsA adults who currently and formerly used commercial tobacco disproportionately bore higher concern about COVID-19 discrimination, and in turn could lead to increased smoking behavior and related morbidity and mortality among A&AsA adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Liu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard College, Cambridge, MA, USA
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Division of Intramural Research, 9000 Rockville Pike, MD, 20892, Bethesda, USA
| | - Lilianna Phan
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Division of Intramural Research, 9000 Rockville Pike, MD, 20892, Bethesda, USA.
| | - Julia Chen-Sankey
- Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Aniruddh Ajith
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kiana Hacker
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Division of Intramural Research, 9000 Rockville Pike, MD, 20892, Bethesda, USA
| | - Bambi Jewett
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Division of Intramural Research, 9000 Rockville Pike, MD, 20892, Bethesda, USA
| | - Kelvin Choi
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Division of Intramural Research, 9000 Rockville Pike, MD, 20892, Bethesda, USA
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Lee B, Levy D, Seo DC. Underlying patterns of the co-occurrence of tobacco use and mental health among youth. J Behav Med 2023; 46:668-679. [PMID: 36637734 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to examine how bidirectional relationships between mental health problems and tobacco use are formed over time by types of tobacco use in recent samples of U.S. youth. Data were drawn from Waves 1-4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (N = 10,082) and analyzed using cross-lagged panel models. A high level of internalizing problems at Wave 1 predicted conventional cigarette smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.06-1.34) and e-cigarette use (AOR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.09-1.43) at Wave 2, but not vice versa. Both cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use at Wave 2 tended to persist into Wave 3, which, in turn, increased the risk of subsequent internalizing problems in late adolescence or young adulthood (Wave 4). The bidirectional relationship between tobacco use and internalizing problems seems to begin as a procession from internalizing problems to tobacco use, and then from persistent tobacco use to exacerbated internalizing problems over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Lee
- Health Policy Research Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas Levy
- Health Policy Research Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dong-Chul Seo
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Suite 116, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405-7109, USA.
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236
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Cross FL, Bares CB, Lucio J, Chartier KG. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Tobacco Use among Latinx Parents in the USA. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01697-0. [PMID: 37490208 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to understand the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and cultural factors on Latinx parents' tobacco use. Tobacco use is the leading cause of death among Latinx individuals in the USA, and parental use has long-term secondary harm for children. Thus, it is important to examine cultural protective factors that could prevent Latinx parents and children from the negative health effects of tobacco use. Data came from 2813 18- to 50-year-old Latinx respondents who participated in the Wave 3 of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. They reported having children living in their household and had complete data for the variables of interest. In this sample (mean age = 33.5 years, 53.7% female), 16.4% (95%CI = 14.7%, 18.4%) and 7.4% (95%CI = 6.4%, 8.6%) were current and former smokers, respectively. The multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that experiencing more ACEs categories was associated with increased likelihood of current and former tobacco use compared to never use. Past year discrimination experiences and being US born (2nd and 3rd-generation parents) also increased the likelihood of current use. Differences in risk of current and former tobacco use were found based on respondents' country of origin, with protection against tobacco use found for most countries compared to being from Puerto Rico. Stronger ethnic-racial identity was not protective against tobacco use. Findings show the importance of considering ACEs and cultural factors when designing and implementing tobacco cessation programs for Latinx parents and increasing awareness of the impact of parents' tobacco use on their children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina B Bares
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joel Lucio
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen G Chartier
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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237
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Tang VM, Goud R, Zawertailo L, Selby P, Coroiu A, Sloan ME, Chenoweth MJA, Buchman D, Ibrahim C, Blumberger DM, Foll BL. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for smoking cessation: Next steps for translation and implementation into clinical practice. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115340. [PMID: 37454610 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a significant determinant of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is now possible to modulate the activity of the neurocircuitry associated with nicotine dependence using repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive neurostimulation approach, which has recently demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials and received regulatory approval in the US and Canada. However there remains a paucity of replication studies and real-world patient effectiveness data as access to this intervention is extremely limited. There are a number of unique challenges related to the delivery of rTMS that need to be addressed prior to widespread adoption and implementation of this treatment modality for smoking cessation. In this paper, we review the accessibility, scientific, technological, economical, and social challenges that remain before this treatment can be translated into clinical practice. By addressing these remaining barriers and scientific challenges with rTMS for smoking cessation and delineating implementation strategies, we can greatly reduce the burden of tobacco-related disease worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Tang
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes St, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Canada.
| | - Rachel Goud
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes St, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Canada
| | - Laurie Zawertailo
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes St, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Selby
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes St, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Adina Coroiu
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes St, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Canada
| | - Matthew E Sloan
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes St, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Meghan Jo-Ann Chenoweth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniel Buchman
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Christine Ibrahim
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes St, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel M Blumberger
- Institute for Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes St, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada; Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Waypoint Research Institute, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada
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Loui HF, Li J, Jackson NJ, Wisk LE, Buhr RG. Tobacco consumption behavior change during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with perceived COVID threat. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3143401. [PMID: 37461647 PMCID: PMC10350210 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3143401/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Tobacco use is a risk factor for COVID-19 adverse outcomes. Despite health implications, data conflict regarding COVID-19 and tobacco consumption. We present results from a survey of health behaviors during the pandemic to identify how COVID-19 influenced tobacco use. Methods A national internet-based survey was deployed between May-September 2020. We analyzed participants who reported current or former smoking. We tabulated change in tobacco use, whether changes related to COVID-19, and measures of anxiety, depression, and novel perceived COVID-19 threat scale. We employed multinomial logistic regression to determine associations between these items and tobacco consumption. Results We identified 500 respondents who reported ever smoking previously, 150 of which were currently smoking. Of 220 participants who reported any use of vapes, 110 were currently vaping. Increased perceived threat of COVID-19 was associated with both increased (aRRincrease 1.75, 95% CI [1.07-2.86], P = 0.03) and decreased (aRRdecrease 1.72 [1.04-2.85], P = 0.03) tobacco consumption relative to no change. There were no significant relationships found between perceived threat of COVID-19 and vaping behavior. Conclusions As perceived COVID-19 threat increased, people were more likely to increase or decrease their smoking than stay the same, even after controlling for anxiety and depression, both of which can affect smoking in either direction. Further study into motivators of increasing or decreasing affected tobacco consumption, and how barriers to care from safer-at-home policies and changes in care delivery moderate change in tobacco use will aid planning tobacco reduction interventions during the ongoing and future respiratory viral pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua Li
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
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239
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Moghadam TZ, Zandian H, Fazlzadeh M, Kalan ME, Pourfarzi F. Socioeconomic and environmental factors associated with waterpipe tobacco smoking among Iranian adults: a PERSIAN cohort-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1295. [PMID: 37407959 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is associated with several deleterious health outcomes. We sought to estimate the prevalence of WTS and explore socioeconomic inequalities associated with this culturally-rooted tobacco smoking practice among Iranian adults. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 20,460 adults (ages 18 and older) enrolled in the PERSIAN cohort study during 2020. Data were collected on socioeconomic status (SES), lifestyle, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and several risk factors related to non-communicable diseases. The concentration curve and relative concentration index (RCI) were administered to assess and quantify the SES-based inequality in WTS. RESULTS Overall age-adjusted prevalence of past-month WTS was 5.1% (95%CI:4.6-5.8), with about 1% for women and 10.6 for men. Age-adjusted prevalence of WTS was higher among younger adults, men, cigarette smokers, obese adults, and those with higher SES. The RCI estimation showed that WTS is more popular among adults with high income and education. WTS was higher among younger adults, cigarette smokers, obese adults, and those with higher SES. CONCLUSION There is a clear socioeconomic inequality in WTS, with a higher prevalence among adults with higher income and education. The findings suggest the need for targeted interventions to address this inequality and reduce the prevalence of WTS among high-income communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Zahirian Moghadam
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hamed Zandian
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
- Centre for Public Health and Wellbeing, School of Health and Social Wellbeing, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
| | - Mehdi Fazlzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Lung Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Pourfarzi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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240
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Namgial T, Singh AK, Singh NP, Francis A, Chattopadhyay D, Voloudakis A, Chakraborty S. Differential expression of genes during recovery of Nicotiana tabacum from tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus infection. Planta 2023; 258:37. [PMID: 37405593 PMCID: PMC10322791 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Nicotiana tabacum exhibits recovery response towards tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus. Transcriptome analysis revealed the differential expression of defense-related genes. Genes encoding for cysteine protease inhibitor, hormonal- and stress-related to DNA repair mechanism are found to be involved in the recovery process. Elucidating the role of host factors in response to viral infection is crucial in understanding the plant host-virus interaction. Begomovirus, a genus in the family Geminiviridae, is reported throughout the globe and is known to cause serious crop diseases. Tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus (ToLCGV) infection in Nicotiana tabacum resulted in initial symptom expression followed by a quick recovery in the systemic leaves. Transcriptome analysis using next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed a large number of differentially expressed genes both in symptomatic as well as recovered leaves when compared to mock-inoculated plants. The virus infected N. tabacum results in alteration of various metabolic pathways, phytohormone signaling pathway, defense related protein, protease inhibitor, and DNA repair pathway. RT-qPCR results indicated that Germin-like protein subfamily T member 2 (NtGLPST), Cysteine protease inhibitor 1-like (NtCPI), Thaumatin-like protein (NtTLP), Kirola-like (NtKL), and Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF109-like (NtERTFL) were down-regulated in symptomatic leaves when compared to recovered leaves of ToLCGV-infected plants. In contrast, the Auxin-responsive protein SAUR71-like (NtARPSL) was found to be differentially down-regulated in recovered leaves when compared to symptomatic leaves and the mock-inoculated plants. Lastly, Histone 2X protein like (NtHH2L) gene was found to be down-regulated, whereas Uncharacterized (NtUNCD) was up-regulated in both symptomatic as well as recovered leaves compared to the mock-inoculated plants. Taken together, the present study suggests potential roles of the differentially expressed genes that might govern tobacco's susceptibility and/or recovery response towards ToLCGV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Namgial
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, 11855, Greece
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - A K Singh
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - N P Singh
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - A Francis
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - D Chattopadhyay
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - A Voloudakis
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, 11855, Greece.
| | - S Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Bertani AL, Tanni SE, Godoy I. Dual and Poly Use of Tobacco Products in a Sample of Pregnant Smokers: A Cross-sectional Study. Matern Child Health J 2023:10.1007/s10995-023-03698-1. [PMID: 37395976 PMCID: PMC10359197 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to assess the use of dual/poly tobacco in a sample of pregnant women. DESIGN cross-sectional survey. METHODS Twenty prenatal care units in Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil. We evaluated 127 high-risk pregnant smokers during prenatal care. Those who were 12-38 weeks pregnant and were currently smoking conventional cigarettes. The study enrollment took place between January 2015 and December 2015. The dual/poly prevalence of tobacco products during pregnancy and the characteristics related to smoking in pregnant smokers through a specific questionnaire containing questions related to sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, gestational history, smoking history, secondhand smoke exposure, nicotine dependence, motivation stage and use of alternative forms of tobacco. RESULTS Mean age was 26.9 ± 6.6 years, most had only elementary education and belonged to lower income economic groups. Twenty-five (19.7%) smoked conventional cigarettes only while 102 used conventional and alternative forms of tobacco products. Smoking pack-years was significantly lower in those only smoking conventional cigarettes than in dual/poly users. Proportion of patients with elevated degree of nicotine dependence was higher in conventional cigarettes users. On the other side, alcohol intake was higher in dual/poly smokers when compared to conventional cigarettes group. The alternative forms of smoking were associated with significantly higher occurrences of comorbidities as pulmonary, cardiovascular and cancer. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE The prevalence of alternative forms users of smoking products is high during pregnancy. These data reinforce the importance of a family approach towards smoking in pregnant women and education about the risks of alternative forms of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luís Bertani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu Campus, Pneumology Area - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior S/N, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-970, Brazil.
| | - Suzana Erico Tanni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu Campus, Pneumology Area - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior S/N, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Irma Godoy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu Campus, Pneumology Area - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior S/N, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-970, Brazil
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242
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Reifenberg J, Gecili E, Pestian T, Andrinopoulou ER, Ryan PH, Brokamp C, Collaco JM, Szczesniak RD. Lung function and secondhand smoke exposure among children with cystic fibrosis: A Bayesian meta-analysis. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:694-701. [PMID: 37142525 PMCID: PMC10524940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondhand smoke exposure, an important environmental health factor in cystic fibrosis (CF), remains uniquely challenging to children with CF as they strive to maintain pulmonary function during early stages of growth and throughout adolescence. Despite various epidemiologic studies among CF populations, little has been done to coalesce estimates of the association between secondhand smoke exposure and lung function decline. METHODS A systematic review was performed using PRISMA guidelines. A Bayesian random-effects model was employed to estimate the association between secondhand smoke exposure and change in lung function (measured as FEV1% predicted). RESULTS Quantitative synthesis of study estimates indicated that second-hand smoke exposure corresponded to a significant drop in FEV1 (estimated decrease: -5.11% predicted; 95% CI: -7.20, -3.47). The estimate of between-study heterogeneity was 1.32% predicted (95% CI: 0.05, 4.26). There was moderate heterogeneity between the 6 analyzed studies that met review criteria (degree of heterogeneity: I2=61.9% [95% CI: 7.3-84.4%] and p = 0.022 from the frequentist method.) CONCLUSIONS: Our results quantify the impact at the pediatric population level and corroborate the assertion that secondhand smoke exposure negatively affects pulmonary function in children with CF. Findings highlight challenges and opportunities for future environmental health interventions in pediatric CF care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emrah Gecili
- Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave (MLC 5041), Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Teresa Pestian
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Eleni-Rosalina Andrinopoulou
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick H Ryan
- Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave (MLC 5041), Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Cole Brokamp
- Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave (MLC 5041), Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Joseph M Collaco
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rhonda D Szczesniak
- Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave (MLC 5041), Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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Rai A, Mehta N, Kumar A, Majhee L, Verma P, Singh P, Haque ZU. Does Tobacco Use Enhance the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Evidence from Eastern Indian Population. Addict Health 2023; 15:163-168. [PMID: 38026726 PMCID: PMC10658103 DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2023.1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Tobacco consumption causes altered immune and inflammatory responses which lead to various respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. Studies have only confirmed the harmful effects of tobacco consumption on the severity of COVID-19. The present study aimed to explore the association between tobacco consumption and the initiation of COVID-19. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted to explore the relationship between tobacco consumption and COVID-19. A brief closed-ended, self-structured questionnaire was prepared to record participants' responses. The Participants included the individuals who visited Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, India for the COVID-19 diagnostic test. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 24). The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were also used to predict the odds of getting infected with COVID-19. Findings A total of 521 valid responses were obtained and subjected to analysis. Moreover, 256 participants (49.13%) were COVID-19 positive and 57 participants (10.94%) were tobacco users. The odds ratio of tobacco consumption was higher in COVID-19-positive patients compared to COVID-19-negatives (OR=1.78; 95% CI 1.01, 3.13). The current tobacco users had a higher risk of developing COVID-19 as compared to the former users (OR=4.8; 95% CI 1.39, 16.61). The frequency and duration of tobacco use also affected the COVID-19 infectivity rate but these were statistically insignificant. Conclusion The COVID-19 positivity rate was significantly higher in tobacco users, especially in current tobacco users as compared to former users. Nevertheless, gender and occupation had no significant effect on COVID-19 incidence in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Rai
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Bariatu, Ranchi – 834009, India
| | - Nishant Mehta
- Department of Oral Health Sciences Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh - 160012, India
| | - Ansul Kumar
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Bariatu, Ranchi – 834009, India
| | - Lakhan Majhee
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Bariatu, Ranchi – 834009, India
| | - Pratik Verma
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Bariatu, Ranchi – 834009, India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Bariatu, Ranchi – 834009, India
| | - Zeya Ul Haque
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Bariatu, Ranchi – 834009, India
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Andayasari L, Mubasyiroh R, Nurlinawati I, Sufiawati I. Association Between Tobacco Smoking and Dental Caries in the Indonesian Population: Results of a National Study in 2018. J Prev Med Public Health 2023; 56:357-367. [PMID: 37551074 PMCID: PMC10415642 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.22.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The 2018 Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS), conducted by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia showed a high prevalence of dental caries (88.8%) in Indonesia and suggested that smoking tobacco was associated with an increased risk of dental caries. This study analyzed the association between tobacco smoking and dental caries in the Indonesian population. METHODS This was a cross-sectional analysis of secondary data collected from RISKESDAS 2018. The study population included 35 391 Indonesians aged ≥10 years from all 34 provinces. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index was used to measure dental caries. Smoking status was assessed qualitatively based on smoking activity, and the level of smoking exposure was assessed based on the Brinkman index. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the relationships of smoking status and smoking exposure levels with the DMFT index. RESULTS Of the population aged ≥10 years, 36% had a DMFT≥8 (females: 37.5%, males: 33.9%). Almost one-fourth (23.4%) were current smokers, and 4.1% were ex-smokers. Furthermore, 26.4% had a Brinkman index ≥400, indicating heavy smoking. According to the multivariate analysis, current smoking status was associated with the risk of DMFT≥8 in males (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.40; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.55; p<0.001) and overall (aOR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.14; p=0.037). In females, ex-smoking was associated with a 41% higher risk of DMFT≥8 (aOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.84; p=0.014). Heavy smoking was associated with a higher risk of DMFT≥8 in males (aOR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.52; p<0.001) and females (aOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.50; p=0.022). CONCLUSIONS Tobacco smoking was associated with dental caries in the Indonesian population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Irna Sufiawati
- Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung,
Indonesia
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245
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Chakrabarti M, Bharti S. Role of EIN2-mediated ethylene signaling in regulating petal senescence, abscission, reproductive development, and hormonal crosstalk in tobacco. Plant Sci 2023; 332:111699. [PMID: 37028457 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene plays a pivotal role in a wide range of developmental, physiological, and defense processes in plants. EIN2 (ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2) is a key player in the ethylene signaling pathway. To characterize the role of EIN2 in processes, such as petal senescence, where it has been found to play important roles along with various other developmental and physiological processes, the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) ortholog of EIN2 (NtEIN2) was isolated and NtEIN2 silenced transgenic lines were generated using RNA interference (RNAi). Silencing of NtEIN2 compromised plant defense against pathogens. NtEIN2 silenced lines displayed significant delays in petal senescence, and pod maturation, and adversely affected pod and seed development. This study further dissected the petal senescence in ethylene insensitive lines, that displayed alteration in the pattern of petal senescence and floral organ abscission. Delay in petal senescence was possibly because of delayed aging processes within petal tissues. Possible crosstalk between EIN2 and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 2 (ARF2) in regulating the petal senescence process was also investigated. Overall, these experiments indicated a crucial role for NtEIN2 in controlling diverse developmental and physiological processes, especially in petal senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohar Chakrabarti
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.
| | - Shikha Bharti
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
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Goyal M, Khokhar A, Lukhmana S, Debnath A, Srivastava N. Willingness to Quit and Associated Factors Among Tobacco Users Attending Outpatient Departments of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Delhi, India. Addict Health 2023; 15:192-201. [PMID: 38026724 PMCID: PMC10658099 DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2023.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Tobacco use has become a modern-day epidemic which significantly impacts health, socioeconomic status, and environmental sustainability. The readiness to quit or stop using tobacco is a crucial first step in changing one's behavior. Hence, the current study sought to assess the prevalence of willingness to quit and associated factors among tobacco users. Methods This study was conducted on 425 tobacco users selected using multi-stage random sampling from the outpatient departments (OPDs) of a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India. A pre-designed, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to elicit information. Logistic regression was performed to assess the effect of independent factors on the willingness to quit. Findings The mean age of the study participants was 39.37 years (S.D.=±12.99). The majority of the participants were male (400, 94.1%), and 25 (6.9%) were female. Overall, the prevalence of willingness to quit in the current study was 70% among the study participants. The results of the multivariable analysis showed that those belonging to urban areas, tobacco users with a duration of≤10 years, and those who received advice from a doctor to quit had a significantly higher willingness to quit than their counterparts. However, age, gender, marital status, education, religion, age of initiation of tobacco use, and nicotine dependence were not found to have a statistically significant relationship with the willingness to quit tobacco products. Conclusion Willingness to quit was high among the study participants. The data in this study suggested that belonging to urban areas, duration of tobacco use, and doctor's advice to quit are important factors which need to be considered when framing future tobacco cessation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Goyal
- Department of Community Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi-110029, India
| | - Anita Khokhar
- Department of Community Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi-110029, India
| | - Shveta Lukhmana
- Department of Community Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi-110029, India
| | - Aninda Debnath
- Department of Community Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi-110029, India
| | - Namita Srivastava
- Department of Community Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi-110029, India
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247
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Cohn AM, Elmasry H. First use of cannabis compared to first use of alcohol and tobacco: Associations with single and poly-substance use behavior. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 248:109904. [PMID: 37269777 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Young adults report high rates of current cannabis use. The proliferation of legalized cannabis in the US has led to greater access and availability, causing cannabis to become the new "gateway" drug. This study examined the prevalence of trying cannabis before alcohol or tobacco and the association of initiation with cannabis first with single and poly-substance use in young adults. METHODS METHODS: Data were analyzed from young adults (n=8062) in Waves 1 through 5 (2013-2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study who had ever tried alcohol, cannabis, or tobacco and provided age at first use of these substances. Weighted multivariable models examined associations between cannabis initiation before, at the same age, or after initiating alcohol or tobacco use with past 30-day substance use (alcohol, cannabis, tobacco, poly-substance use) in a subsequent wave (Waves 2-5). RESULTS Initiating cannabis before alcohol and tobacco (6%) was rare. In adjusted regression models, initiating cannabis before alcohol and tobacco was associated with increased odds of past 30-day cannabis use, past 30-day tobacco use, and past 30-day polysubstance use and decreased odds of past 30-day alcohol use. Initiating cannabis at the same age as either alcohol or tobacco, or trying cannabis after these substances was associated with increased odds of all substance use outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Cannabis initiation before alcohol and tobacco is uncommon and may even protect against future alcohol use. Deterring cannabis initiation with multiple substances could have public health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Cohn
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, 655 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Oklahoma City, OK, 73014, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OU Children's Physicians Building, 1200 Children's Avenue, A1 12602, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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248
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Naik S, Bhosale A, Kale D, Patil PB. Opioid-Based vs Opioid-Free Anesthesia in Breast Cancer Surgery. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2023; 15:S1033-S1035. [PMID: 37694090 PMCID: PMC10485407 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_237_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer is the most widely recognized malignant growth in ladies in India and accounts for 14% of all tumors in women. Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) is a surgery done for breast cancer. It leads to about 30% chances of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and 40% pain in the immediate postoperative period. Objectives Changes in blood pressure after intubation, waiting time for postoperative pain medication, and possibility of adverse effects. Methodology After the approval of ethical committee, the study was conducted in the procedure and possible complications associated with the procedure were explained to patients. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient. Result and Conclusion We conclude that opioid-free anesthesia is "more effective in reducing the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, produces stable hemodynamics, and reduces incidence of side effects when compared with opioid-based general anesthesia in patients undergoing breast cancer surgeries."
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Naik
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth, (Deemed to be University), Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avinash Bhosale
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth, (Deemed to be University), Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dhanashree Kale
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth, (Deemed to be University), Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pradeep B. Patil
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth, (Deemed to be University), Karad, Maharashtra, India
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249
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Desorgher L, Berthet A, Rossier J, Bochud F, Froidevaux P. Dosimetry in the lungs of α-particles ( 210Po) and β-particles ( 210Pb) present in the tobacco smoke of conventional cigarettes and heated tobacco products. J Environ Radioact 2023; 263:107178. [PMID: 37060833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco products contain radioactive 210Pb and 210Po which can be transferred from the filler to the mainstream smoke. When inhaled, they can contribute to the radioactive dose to the lungs and are suspected to significantly contribute to lung cancer from smoking. Currently, no data are available on the radioactive risk of the heated tobacco products (HTP). However, due to the relatively high heat involved in some of these devices, there are concerns about the volatility of polonium particles. Here we used data on the 210Po and 210Pb content in tobacco smoke along with biokinetic and dosimetric models to compute the effective dose induced by conventional smoking and by using an HTP device (PMI IQOS system). Results show that conventional smoking of one pack per day induces a dose to the lung of about 0.3 mSv/year. This dose decreases by a factor of ten (0.03 mSv/year) for the IQOS system. However, this dose reduction is not obtained by specific countermeasures but by the fact that the IQOS system heats only 15% of the tobacco filler to the target temperature of 330 °C. When heated homogeneously to 300 °C, both conventional and Heets (IQOS) cigarettes release about 80% of the 210Po from the tobacco, leading to similar doses to lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Desorgher
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Berthet
- University of Lausanne, Ctr Primary Care & Publ Hlth Unisante, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérémie Rossier
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Bochud
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Froidevaux
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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250
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Hamberger ES, Halpern-Felsher B. Concern over tobacco and marijuana perceptions and use among adolescents and young adults with cystic fibrosis. Addict Behav 2023; 142:107669. [PMID: 36921439 PMCID: PMC10896606 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assesses use and perceptions of short- and long-term harms associated with cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and smoked marijuana among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cystic fibrosis (CF). METHODS A total of 205 AYAs with CF completed an online survey querying about use, safety perceptions, and education related to traditional cigarettes, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), and smoked marijuana. In addition, parents of AYAs with CF and CF healthcare providers were asked questions about experiences in avoidance education. RESULTS AYA participants with CF reported using tobacco and marijuana at rates lower than that of the general AYA population, with heavy use considerably lower in this population. AYAs with CF perceived lower risk of negative outcomes associated with using e-cigarettes and smoked marijuana compared to combustible cigarettes. Ever-use was correlated with a lower perception of risk across all products. CF providers estimated lower rates of product use in their own patients compared to both the general AYA CF population and the general AYA population, and estimated lower use among the general CF AYA population compared to the general AYA population. Receipt of avoidance education varied greatly when comparing AYAs with CF, parents of individuals with CF, and CF healthcare providers. Reasons for undereducation include but are not limited to lack of familiarity with products, assumption of avoidance, assumption of education, and time constraints. CONCLUSIONS Findings concerning safety perceptions and use of combustible tobacco, e-cigarettes, and marijuana in individuals with cystic fibrosis underscore the importance of providing avoidance education to vulnerable patient populations. Insight derived from this study may also inform pediatric to adult clinic transition education, when chronic disease populations are at greatest risk for engaging in risky behaviors. IMPLICATIONS AND CONTRIBUTION We report data on use, risk perception, and education of cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, and cannabis in individuals with cystic fibrosis, with a focus on adolescents and young adults. Such Findings will inform prevention education, especially during the critical transition period from pediatric to adult care when these behaviors are prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Hamberger
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Bonnie Halpern-Felsher
- REACH Lab, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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