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Oyola C, Berry M, Salazar MAP, De Abreu D, Formiga A, Escalona A, Rodriguez M, Ienca R. Successful Weight Loss in Adolescents with Overweight or Obesity Using a Swallowable Intragastric Balloon and Nutritional Oversight. Obes Surg 2024:10.1007/s11695-024-07458-0. [PMID: 39198380 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medical devices benefit patients living with overweight or obesity, but studies in the adolescent population are lacking. The goal of this study was to collect information on the performance and safety of a swallowable intragastric balloon program (SGBP) in adolescent patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected retrospectively on patients aged 15 to 17 years with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg/m2 who received the swallowable intragastric balloon (SGB) and associated lifestyle and nutritional change program. Patients had not responded to previous dietary and behavioral modification weight loss treatments and elected to undergo SGBP. The SGB was swallowed and filled with 550 mL of distilled water in an outpatient setting, and a multidisciplinary team delivered a lifestyle/nutritional change program. Mean % total body weight loss (%TBWL) was calculated for each patient compared with baseline. RESULTS A total of 91 patients, 69 (75.8%) female and 22 (24.2%) male, underwent SGBP and completed follow-up through SGB passage at 4 months. Baseline mean ± SD age, weight, and BMI were 16.4 ± 0.77, 99.70 ± 21.33 kg, and 35.60 ± 5.59 kg/m2, respectively. After 4 months, mean weight and BMI were 86.37 ± 18.83 kg and 30.86 ± 5.16 kg/m2 respectively; %TBWL was 13.05 ± 7.64 (1-sided t-test, p < 0.0001). Most (80, 87.9%) reported no adverse events; 11/91 (12.1%) experienced an adverse event. Of these, 9/91 (9.9%) experienced nausea and/or vomiting; 1/91 (1.1%) reported abdominal pain only; 1/91 (1.1%) reported flatulence only. There were no serious adverse events or premature device removals. CONCLUSION The SGBP provides safe and effective short-term weight loss in adolescents living with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Berry
- Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Clinica Las Condes, 7591046, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Diolanda De Abreu
- Aesthetic Medical Center, Centro Europeo Medico y Estético (CEME), 28001, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Formiga
- Bariatric and Digestive Surgery Center, CIBO Clinic, 20149, Milan, Italy
| | - Alex Escalona
- Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Clinica UANDES, 7550000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcos Rodriguez
- Obesity and Bariatric Center, Hospital Clinico Del Sur, 4080915, Concepción, Chile
| | - Roberta Ienca
- Obesity Department, Weight Management Center, Nuova Villa Claudia Clinic, Via Flaminia Nuova 280, 00191, Rome, Italy.
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Neto IVDS, Pinto AP, de Andrade RV, de Souza FHV, de Souza PEN, Assis V, Tibana RA, Neves RVP, Rosa TDS, Prestes J, da Silva ASR, Marqueti RDC. Paternal exercise induces antioxidant defenses by α-Klotho/Keap1 pathways in the skeletal muscle of offspring exposed to a high fat-diet without changing telomere length. J Nutr Biochem 2024:109747. [PMID: 39197728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Although previous studies demonstrated that the ancestral lifestyle can enhance the metabolic health of offspring exposed to an obesogenic diet, the specific connections between these positive effects in redox state and telomere length are unknown. We investigated the impact of paternal resistance training (RT) on stress-responsive signaling and the pathways involved in telomere homeostasis in skeletal muscle. This investigation encompassed both the fathers and first-generation litter exposed to a long-term standard diet (24 weeks) and high fat diet (HFD). Wistar rats were randomized into sedentary or trained fathers (8 weeks of resistance training). The offspring were obtained by mating with sedentary females. Upon weaning, male offspring were divided into four groups: offspring of sedentary or trained fathers exposed to either a control diet or HFD. The gastrocnemius was prepared for reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, ELISA, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. RT upregulated shelterin mRNA levels and antioxidant protein, preserving muscle telomere in fathers. Conversely, HFD induced a disturbance in the redox balance, which may have contributed to the offspring telomere shortening from sedentary fathers. Pre-conceptional paternal RT downregulates Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) mRNA levels in the skeletal muscle of progeny exposed to HFD, driving an increase in Glutathione reductase mRNA levels, Sod1 and Catalase protein levels to mitigate ROS production. Also, paternal exercise upregulates α-Klotho protein levels, mediating antioxidative responses without altering shelterin mRNA levels and telomere length. We provide the first in-depth analysis that the offspring's redox state seems to be directly associated with the beneficial effects of paternal exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Pinto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Vieira de Andrade
- Graduate Program in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Victória Assis
- Molecular Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília (UNB), Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Ramires Alsamir Tibana
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicine, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Católica de Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cassia Marqueti
- Molecular Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília (UNB), Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Kwon J, Roh SY, Kwon D. Association of Body Mass Index with Moderate-Intensity Physical Activity, Eating Behavior, and the Use of the Internet or Games among Korean Middle School Students. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:1000. [PMID: 39201936 PMCID: PMC11352982 DOI: 10.3390/children11081000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the association of body mass index (BMI) with the weekly frequency of moderate-intensity physical activity, eating behavior, and the use of the Internet or games among Korean middle school students. METHODS The data of 23,583 Korean middle school students were collected from the 2023 Korean Student Health Examination. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, chi-square, and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The results also showed that the higher the BMI, the greater the likelihood of moderate-intensity physical activity. The likelihood of breakfast intake reduced as the BMI increased. However, the likelihood of using the Internet or games increased with an increase in BMI. The results revealed that 28% (6594 of 23,583) of middle school students rarely participate in moderate-intensity physical activity, while 32% (7553 of 23,583) participate only once or twice a week. The results also showed that the higher the BMI, the higher the likelihood of moderate-intensity physical activity. Among those who were underweight, the odds ratio (OR) of 3-4 days of participation in moderate-intensity physical activity was 0.764 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.664-0.880; p < 0.001). Among those who were healthy, the OR of more than 5 days of participation was 1.279 (95% CI: 1.131-1.446; p < 0.001). Among those who were overweight, the OR of 3-4 days and more than 5 days of participation was 1.172 (95% CI: 1.019-1.348; p = 0.026) and 1.181 (95% CI: 1.011-1.380; p = 0.036), respectively. The likelihood of the use of the Internet or games increased with an increase in BMI. The OR of the use of the Internet or games was 0.876 (95% CI: 0.806-0.952; p = 0.002) and 0.824 (95% CI: 0.743-0.913; p < 0.001) among those who were healthy and those who were overweight, respectively. However, the likelihood of breakfast intake reduced as the BMI increased. Among those who were underweight, the OR of always eating breakfast and mostly eating breakfast was 1.299 (95% CI: 1.114-1.515; p < 0.001) and 1.236 (95% CI: 1.045-1.461; p = 0.013), respectively. Among those who were healthy, the OR of always eating breakfast was 1.157 (95% CI: 1.026-1.305; p = 0.018). Among those who were overweight, the OR of mostly eating breakfast was 1.215 (95% CI: 1.030-1.433; p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Given this, outdoor sports may increase adolescents' participation in physical activities by helping them break away from repetitive ball games and increasing their overall interest and participation in physical activities. Overall, our results suggest the need to move away from traditional physical education and develop engaging physical activity programs that motivate students to participate in moderate-intensity physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonga Kwon
- Department of Elementary Education, College of First, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Republic of Korea;
| | - Su-Yeon Roh
- Department of Exercise Rehabilitation, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea;
| | - Daekeun Kwon
- Institute of Sports Health Science, Sunmoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea
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Liang Y, Ju F, Hao Y, Yang J, Liu Y. Teachers' perception on physical activity promotion in kindergarten children in China: a qualitative study connecting social-ecological model. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2190. [PMID: 39134996 PMCID: PMC11321150 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the majority of kindergarten-aged children face obesity issues and insufficient physical activity (PA) engagement. Regular PA participation can provide various health benefits, including obesity reduction, for kindergarten-aged children. However, limited studies have investigated the factors influencing kindergarten-aged children's PA engagement from the perspective of their teachers. This qualitative study aimed to identify factors that could help promote PA among kindergarten-aged children from teachers' perspectives, including facilitators, barriers, and teachers' recommendations. METHODS Fifteen kindergarten teachers (age range: 28-50 years; mean age: 38.53 years) with teaching experience ranging from 2 to 31 years (mean: 16.27 years) were recruited from Shanghai municipality, Henan, and Jiangsu provinces in China. One-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted via face-to-face (n = 7) or telephone (n = 8) to gather insights into factors influencing PA promotion among kindergarten-aged children. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a constant comparison approach based on grounded theory, which involved open, axial, and selective coding processes. RESULTS The study revealed mutual theoretical support between themes and the social-ecological model (SEM), as factors identified in the study are distributed at various levels of the SEM. Twelve factors were identified at four levels of the SEM: (1) intrapersonal level (children's personality and skills), (2) interpersonal level (family, peers, and teachers influence), (3) organizational level (school environment and resources, opportunities for kindergarten teachers' training and children's PA, design and organization of PA, and PA that children need), (4) community level (family-school partnerships). CONCLUSION Various factors at different levels can influence kindergarten-aged children's PA. The study's findings revealed that these factors are distributed across the first four levels of SEM, with the majority being at the organizational level. These multilevel findings are expected to assist in developing and implementing more effective PA interventions for kindergarten-aged children. Future research is warranted to identify strategies for promoting PA among kindergarten-aged children at the policy level of the SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Liang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, 650 Qingyuanhuan Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Department of Human Movement Studies and Special Education, Darden College of Education & Professional Studies, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - Fangyuan Ju
- Department of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225012, China
| | - Yueran Hao
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, 650 Qingyuanhuan Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225012, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, 650 Qingyuanhuan Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, 650 Qingyuanhuan Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Martínez-López MF, López-Gil JF. Social Jetlag on Obesity-Related Outcomes in Spanish Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Evidence from the EHDLA Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2574. [PMID: 39203711 PMCID: PMC11357624 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the association between social jetlag (SJL) and obesity-related outcomes among adolescents from Valle de Ricote (Region of Murcia, Spain). We explored the relationship between SJL and body mass index (BMI) z-score, waist circumference, and body fat percentage, as well as the odds of having excess weight, obesity, and abdominal obesity in a sample of Spanish adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) project, which included 847 Spanish adolescents aged 12-17 years. SJL was assessed based on the differences in sleep patterns between weekdays and weekends. Obesity-related indicators such as BMI z-score, waist circumference, body fat percentage, excess weight, obesity, and abdominal obesity were measured. Generalized linear models with a Gaussian or binomial distribution were used to analyze the associations between SJL and obesity-related outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS The analysis revealed significant associations between SJL and BMI z-score (unstandardized beta coefficient [B] = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.25, p = 0.003), waist circumference (B = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.39 to 1.67, p = 0.002), and body fat percentage (B = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.31 to 1.43, p = 0.008). Additionally, the odds ratios (ORs) for excess weight (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.57; p < 0.001), obesity (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.26 to 2.00; p < 0.001), and abdominal obesity (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.23 to 1.72; p < 0.001) increased significantly with each 60 min increment in SJL. CONCLUSIONS This study pointed out that the misalignment of sleeping times during weekdays and weekends (SJL) is significantly associated with higher BMI z-scores, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and higher odds of excess weight, obesity, and abdominal obesity among adolescents, being more significant in boys than in girls. These findings highlight the importance of addressing circadian misalignment in the prevention and management of obesity and its related metabolic disorders in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Francisco López-Gil
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170124, Ecuador
- Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, 41704 Seville, Spain
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González-Devesa D, Sanchez-Lastra MA, Ayán-Pérez C, Blanco-Martínez N, Soutullo Rivas M, Vidal-Mariño M, Varela S. Analysis of the Energy Expenditure of Sports School Activities in Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:946. [PMID: 39201881 PMCID: PMC11352788 DOI: 10.3390/children11080946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
(1) Background: This study explores the potential energy expenditure associated with participation in after-school sports activities among primary school children. (2) Methods: The study involved 129 children age (11.35 ± 0.55 years) recruited from eight different public after-school sport programs. (3) Results: Data analyses revealed significant differences between the eight sports in total calories per session, calories per minute, and METs (p < 0.05). All sports showed higher energy expenditure compared to chess (p < 0.05), with soccer and rugby exhibiting the highest energy expenditure per session. Team sports showed elevated energy consumption per session (p < 0.01, r > 0.30), calories per minute (p = 0.01, r > 0.40), and METs (p < 0.01, r > 0.40) in comparison with individual sports. (4) Conclusions: These findings enhance our understanding of the energy expenditure observed in primary school children following various after-school sports activities. The results indicate that team sports, in particular, are pivotal in elevating physical activity levels, thereby playing an essential role in fostering healthier lifestyles among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Devesa
- Well-Move Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36310 Vigo, Spain (M.A.S.-L.); (S.V.)
| | - Miguel Adriano Sanchez-Lastra
- Well-Move Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36310 Vigo, Spain (M.A.S.-L.); (S.V.)
- Departamento de Didácticas Especiáis, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Ayán-Pérez
- Well-Move Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36310 Vigo, Spain (M.A.S.-L.); (S.V.)
- Departamento de Didácticas Especiáis, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Nerea Blanco-Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y del Deporte, Universidad de Vigo, Campus a Xunqueira, s/n, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (N.B.-M.); (M.S.R.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - María Soutullo Rivas
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y del Deporte, Universidad de Vigo, Campus a Xunqueira, s/n, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (N.B.-M.); (M.S.R.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - María Vidal-Mariño
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y del Deporte, Universidad de Vigo, Campus a Xunqueira, s/n, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (N.B.-M.); (M.S.R.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Silvia Varela
- Well-Move Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36310 Vigo, Spain (M.A.S.-L.); (S.V.)
- Departamento de Didácticas Especiáis, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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Luzardo ML. Effects of higher dietary acid load: a narrative review with special emphasis in children. Pediatr Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s00467-024-06466-7. [PMID: 39093454 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-024-06466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic effects of high diet acid load (DAL) have been studied for years in adults, although only recently in children. Contemporary diets, especially those of Western societies, owe their acidogenic effect to high animal-origin protein content and low contribution of base-forming elements, such as fruits and vegetables. This imbalance, where dietary acid precursors exceed the body's buffering capacity, results in an acid-retaining state known by terms such as "eubicarbonatemic metabolic acidosis," "low-grade metabolic acidosis," "subclinical acidosis," or "acid stress". Its consequences have been linked to chronic systemic inflammation, contributing to various noncommunicable diseases traditionally considered more common in adulthood, but now have been recognized to originate at much earlier ages. In children, effects of high DAL are not limited to growth impairment caused by alterations of bone and muscle metabolism, but also represent a risk factor for conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, urolithiasis, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The possibility that high DAL may be a cause of chronic acid-retaining states in children with growth impairment should alert pediatricians and pediatric nephrologists, since its causes have been attributed traditionally to inborn errors of metabolism and renal pathologies such as CKD and renal tubular acidosis. The interplay between DAL, overall diet quality, and its cascading effects on children's health necessitates comprehensive nutritional assessments and interventions. This narrative review explores the clinical relevance of diet-induced acid retention in children and highlights the potential for prevention through dietary modifications, particularly by increasing fruit and vegetable intake alongside appropriate protein consumption.
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Li H, Xiang X, Yi Y, Yan B, Yi L, Ding N, Yang J, Gu Z, Luo Q, Huang Y, Fan L, Xiang W. Epidemiology of obesity and influential factors in China: a multicenter cross-sectional study of children and adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:498. [PMID: 39095721 PMCID: PMC11295318 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for overweight and obese among Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS This analytical cross-sectional study included 16,640 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years across four provinces of China in 2016. Physical characteristics and responses to questionnaires were analyzed. Body Mass Index (BMI) and the prevalence of overweight and obesity were calculated. RESULTS Among children and adolescents, the overall prevalence of overweight and obesity in 2016 in four regions of China was 27.2% and 29.6%, respectively. Among different stages and sexes, the highest prevalence of obesity (15.8%) was observed in adolescent boys. From childhood to adolescence, the obesity rate among boys increased by 0.7% (from 15.1% to 15.8%), while the obesity rate among girls decreased by 0.9% (from 10.8% to 9.9%). Children and adolescents who were overweight or obese had significantly higher systolic blood pressures, larger waist circumferences and larger hip sizes than those with a normal BMI. Logistic regression analyses identified thirteen factors associated with overweight or obesity in children and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the prevalence of overweight and obesity is high among children and adolescents, especially among male adolescents in four regions of China. A suitable intervention program should not only help parents understand the serious risk of childhood obesity but also, more importantly, help to encourage a healthy lifestyle among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongai Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center (Children's Hospital, Hainan Medical University), Haikou, 570206, China
| | - Xiayu Xiang
- Department of New Networks, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yajun Yi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Bailu Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37205, USA
| | - Leta Yi
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Ning Ding
- Institute for International Health Professions Education and Research, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jinping Yang
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Zunhua People's Hospital, Zunhua, 064200, China
| | - Zhuohe Gu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center (Children's Hospital, Hainan Medical University), Haikou, 570206, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center (Children's Hospital, Hainan Medical University), Haikou, 570206, China.
| | - Lichun Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center (Children's Hospital, Hainan Medical University), Haikou, 570206, China.
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center (Children's Hospital, Hainan Medical University), Haikou, 570206, China.
- Key Laboratory of Control of Tropical Diseases, National Health Commission (NHC), Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
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Angelino D, Nucci D, Rabica F, Rota C, Dinu M, Martini D, Gianfredi V. Nutritional quality and level of processing of food items broadcasted on Italian television in advertisements targeted to children. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:475-485. [PMID: 38659128 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2343924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluates the nutritional quality and level of processing of food and beverage products advertised on television channels most watched by children, in Italy. Data were collected over 20 non-consecutive days from the five top channels in Italy. A total of 209 food items were analysed using the Nutri-Score and the NOVA classification. Additionally, compliance with nutritional criteria established by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the EU-PLEDGE was assessed. Results indicate a high proportion of energy-dense and low nutritional quality foods, with 68% falling into less favourable Nutri-Score categories (C, D, and E), and 61% classified as ultra-processed by NOVA classification. When applying WHO and PLEDGE criteria, 71% and 56% of products, respectively, did not meet nutritional standards. This study underscores the low prevalence of nutritionally adequate products in food advertisements targeting children on Italian television, despite differences found based on methodological variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Angelino
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Daniele Nucci
- SSD Igiene Alimenti e Nutrizione, ATS Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Filippo Rabica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristian Rota
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Dinu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Martini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenza Gianfredi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Timme K, González-Alvarez ME, Keating AF. Pre-pubertal obesity compromises ovarian oxidative stress, DNA repair and chemical biotransformation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 489:116981. [PMID: 38838792 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Obesity in adult females impairs fertility by altering oxidative stress, DNA repair and chemical biotransformation. Whether prepubertal obesity results in similar ovarian impacts is under-explored. The objective of this study was to induce obesity in prepubertal female mice and assess puberty onset, follicle number, and abundance of oxidative stress, DNA repair and chemical biotransformation proteins basally and in response to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) exposure. DMBA is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that has been shown to be ovotoxic. Lactating dams (C57BL6J) were fed either a normal rodent containing 3.5% kCal from fat (lean), or a high fat diet comprised of 60% kCal from fat, and 9% kCal from sucrose. The offspring were weaned onto the diet of their dam and exposed at postnatal day 35 to either corn oil or DMBA (1 mg/kg) for 7 d via intraperitoneal injection. Mice on the HFD had reduced (P < 0.05) age at puberty onset as measured by vaginal opening but DMBA did not impact puberty onset. Heart, spleen, kidney, uterus and ovary weight were increased (P < 0.05) by obesity and liver weight was increased (P < 0.05) by DMBA exposure in obese mice. Follicle number was largely unaffected by obesity or DMBA exposure, with the exception of primary follicle number, which were higher (P < 0.05) in lean DMBA exposed and obese control relative to lean control mice. There were also greater numbers (P < 0.05) of corpora lutea in obese relative to lean mice. In lean mice, DMBA exposure reduced (P < 0.05) the level of CYP2E1, EPHX1, GSTP1, BRCA1, and CAT but this DMBA-induced reduction was absent in obese mice. Basally, obesity reduced (P < 0.05) the abundance of CYP2E1, EPHX1, GSTP1, BRCA1, SOD1 and CAT. There was greater (P < 0.05) fibrotic staining in obese DMBA-exposed ovaries and PPP2CA was decreased (P < 0.05) in growing follicles by both obesity and DMBA exposure. Thus, prepubertal obesity alters the capacity of the ovary to respond to DNA damage, ovotoxicant exposure and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Timme
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Aileen F Keating
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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11
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Genovesi S, Vania A, Caroli M, Orlando A, Lieti G, Parati G, Giussani M. Non-Pharmacological Treatment for Cardiovascular Risk Prevention in Children and Adolescents with Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:2497. [PMID: 39125377 PMCID: PMC11314452 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In younger generations, excess weight has reached very alarming levels. Excess weight in adults is associated with increased mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular disease. However, it is not easy to distinguish to what extent these effects are the result of obesity itself or how much is due to the various cardiovascular risk factors that often accompany excess weight. Several risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, glucose intolerance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, are already present in pediatric age. Therefore, early intervention with the goal of correcting and/or eliminating them is particularly important. In the child and adolescent with obesity, the first approach to achieve weight reduction and correct the risk factors associated with severe excess weight should always be non-pharmacologic and based on changing poor eating habits and unhealthy lifestyles. The purpose of this review is to give an update on non-pharmacological interventions to be implemented for cardiovascular prevention in children and adolescents with obesity, and their effectiveness. In particular, interventions targeting each individual cardiovascular risk factor will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Genovesi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy;
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20145 Milano, Italy; (A.O.); (M.G.)
| | | | | | - Antonina Orlando
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20145 Milano, Italy; (A.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Giulia Lieti
- UO Nefrologia e Dialisi, ASST-Rhodense, 20024 Garbagnate Milanese, Italy;
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy;
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20145 Milano, Italy; (A.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Marco Giussani
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20145 Milano, Italy; (A.O.); (M.G.)
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12
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Lepe A, Muhamed TAS, Reijneveld SA, de Kroon MLA. Mediation by parent health literacy and behaviour of socioeconomic inequality in child overweight. Pediatr Obes 2024:e13156. [PMID: 39075886 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic inequalities contribute to childhood overweight. Identifying mediators could help reduce these inequalities. OBJECTIVE We assessed to what extent and how parental health literacy and health behaviours mediate the relationship between parental socioeconomic status and childhood overweight. METHODS Data were taken from the multigenerational prospective Dutch Lifelines Cohort Study. We included 6683 children, baseline age 9.8 years (SD = 2.6), with an average follow-up of 36.2 months (SD = 9.3). Overweight was defined using age- and sex-specific cut-offs. Three indicators of socioeconomic status were included: education, income and occupation. We assessed the mediating role of parental health literacy and health behaviours (smoking, diet, physical activity and alcohol) using causal mediation. RESULTS Four additional years of education and an SD-increase in both income and occupation decreased the odds of childhood overweight by 42%, 12% and 20%, respectively. Only parental smoking independently mediated the relationship of both education (6.6%) and occupation (5.7%) with overweight. Parental health behaviours jointly explained 8.4% (education), 19.4% (income) and 9.8% (occupation) per relationship. Lastly, adding parental health literacy explained 10.8% (education), 27.4% (income) and 13.3% (occupation) of these relationships. CONCLUSIONS We found large socioeconomic inequalities in childhood overweight. Remarkably, parental smoking was a key mediator. Therefore, prevention targeting smoking may reduce socioeconomic inequalities in childhood overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lepe
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tamool A S Muhamed
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijmen A Reijneveld
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marlou L A de Kroon
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Chen J, Tang L, Yang X, Tang J, Cheng Q, Zhao C, Zhang H. A cross-sectional study of medial longitudinal arch development in children with different BMI. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1343162. [PMID: 39132309 PMCID: PMC11310103 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1343162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The influence of excess weight on the development of children's feet remains a subject of debate. To further elucidate whether this relation occurs, this study compared arch morphology and flexibility in three groups of children: underweight, normal, and overweight. Methods In total, 1,532 children (807 boys, 725 girls; age range 7-11 years) participated in the study. The researchers measured the participants' height and weight, calculated their body mass index, and categorized their weight status as underweight, normal weight, or overweight. A three-dimensional foot model was taken using a three-dimensional plantar scanner under non-weight-bearing and weight-bearing conditions to obtain arch morphometric indices (arch index and arch volume) and arch flexibility index (arch volume index). Results Analysis of the data showed that the arch index was higher in overweight children compared to underweight and normal weight children (p < 0.05), but the differences in arch volume and arch volume index in overweight children compared to underweight and normal weight children were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). All children were divided into flatfoot, normal, and pes cavus groups according to arch index, and the arch volume index was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Conclusions Overweight was not absolutely associated with arch structure and arch flexibility in children from a three-dimensional perspective. Arch development is a long-term process, and it is not clear whether being overweight has an effect on soft tissue or bone formation. Future studies will focus on the effects of long-term overweight on foot structure and arch flexibility in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingfeng Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing High-tech Zone People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
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14
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Salviano AF, Guedes BM, Carioca AAF, Venancio SI, Buccini G, Lourenço BH. Positive changes in breastfeeding and complementary feeding indicators in Brazil are associated with favorable nurturing care environments. Public Health 2024; 235:33-41. [PMID: 39043006 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze trends in breastfeeding and complementary feeding indicators for infants and young children receiving primary health care (PHC) services in Brazil, considering the contextual aspects of local nurturing care (NC) environments. STUDY DESIGN Ecological time-series study. METHODS Ten feeding indicators were extracted from 1,055,907 food intake records of children aged <2 years reported by PHC facilities from 2015 to 2019. Local NC environments were assessed with the Brazilian Early Childhood Friendly Municipal Index, calculating overall and stratified scores for the NC domains of adequate nutrition, good health, opportunities for early learning, and security and safety. Prais-Winsten regression was used to calculate annual percent changes (APC) by sex and the contrast in APC between the lower and upper quintiles of NC scores. Positive or negative APC with P-values <0.05 represented increasing or decreasing trends. RESULTS No significant trends of exclusive and continued breastfeeding, food introduction, or minimum dietary diversity were observed, with 2019 prevalences of 54.5%, 45.2%, 92.5%, and 78.2%, respectively. Increasing trends were observed for mixed milk feeding (2019: 19.2%; APC, +2.42%) and minimum meal frequency (2019: 61.1%; APC, +2.56%), while decreasing trends were observed for sweet beverage consumption (2019: 31.9%; APC, -5.92%) and unhealthy foods (2019: 16.1%; APC, -4.69%). Indicator improvements were significantly stronger in environments more favorable for NC. CONCLUSIONS Although the indicators did not meet global targets for infant feeding practices, the results suggest that the local NC environment encompasses facilitators that may be strategic in the design of early childhood programs and policies to improve nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Salviano
- Public Health Nutrition Program, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - B M Guedes
- Public Health Nutrition Program, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - A A F Carioca
- Department of Nutrition, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Avenida Washington Soares 1321, Edson Queiroz, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60811-905, Brazil
| | - S I Venancio
- Institute of Health, Rua Santo Antônio 590, Bela Vista, São Paulo, 01314-000, Brazil
| | - G Buccini
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - B H Lourenço
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil.
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Lim JH, Jang YS, Kim DB, Jang SY, Park EC. Association between body mass index and atopic dermatitis among adolescents: Findings from a national cross-sectional study in Korea. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307140. [PMID: 39028723 PMCID: PMC11259265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between atopic dermatitis and childhood overweight and obesity has been studied extensively, but the results are inconclusive; most studies have focused on body mass index as a measure of obesity, with few investigating the relationship with underweight. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between body mass index levels and atopic dermatitis in Korean adolescents. METHODS 3-year (2019-2021) of Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey were used. Body mass index was used to measure obesity and a recent diagnosis within the past year was used as the criterion for atopic dermatitis. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the associations. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS A total of 144,183 adolescents aged 12-18 years were included in this study (74,704 males and 69,479 females). Over the past year, 5.4% of males and 7.3% of females were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis in the study population. Adolescents with normal weight (males [OR: 1.19, CI: 1.02-1.38]; females [OR: 1.26, CI: 1.10-1.43]) and overweight (males [OR: 1.37, CI: 1.16-1.61]; females [OR: 1.37, CI: 1.19-1.58]) were more likely to develop atopic dermatitis than underweight. CONCLUSION Increased degree of obesity may contribute to the development of atopic dermatitis. The normal-weight and obese adolescents had higher likelihood of developing atopic dermatitis compared with the underweight adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyeok Lim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seo Jang
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Bi Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Yong Jang
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Healthcare Management, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Bondyra-Wiśniewska B, Harton A. Effect of a Low-Glycemic Index Nutritional Intervention on Body Weight and Selected Cardiometabolic Parameters in Children and Adolescents with Excess Body Weight and Dyslipidemia. Nutrients 2024; 16:2127. [PMID: 38999875 PMCID: PMC11243242 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight in pediatric patients and the resulting dyslipidemia, if left untreated, are a serious risk factor for cardiovascular disease in young adults. Despite this, there is still no effective and validated nutritional strategy for the treatment of overweight/obesity and comorbid dyslipidemia in children and adolescents. A low-glycemic index (LGI) diet may be recommended, but evidence for its effectiveness in the pediatric population is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional intervention in children and adolescents with excess body weight and dyslipidemia. The study was conducted in patients aged 8-16 with overweight or obesity and lipid disorders (n = 64), of which 40 participants who completed the entire 8-week study were included in the analysis. Patients were randomly selected and allocated to one of the two dietary groups: the LGI diet or the standard therapy (ST) diet. Both diets were based on the principal recommendation of Cardiovascular Health Integrated Lifestyle Diet-2 (CHILD-2). This study showed that both LGI and ST diets were equally beneficial in reducing body weight, body fat, blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels. The LGI diet, compared to the ST diet, was less effective in reducing blood TG levels but more effective in reducing diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Therefore, the choice of the type of diet in the treatment of children and adolescents with excess body weight and dyslipidemia may be individual. However, it should be based on the recommendation of CHILD-2. Further long-term, larger-scale studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Bondyra-Wiśniewska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska St, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Harton
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska St, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Drieskens S, Charafeddine R, Vandevijvere S, De Pauw R, Demarest S. Rising socioeconomic disparities in childhood overweight and obesity in Belgium. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:98. [PMID: 38956737 PMCID: PMC11218334 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood overweight, especially obesity, significantly impacts children's health and poses an increased risk of adult-onset diseases. This study aims to analyse the evolution of childhood overweight and obesity in Belgium from 1997 to 2018 and assess its variation across parental socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS The Health Interview Survey, a cross-sectional survey representative of the Belgian population, has been conducted since 1997, with the latest survey conducted in 2018. This study focuses on children aged 2-17 years. Body Mass Index (BMI, kg/m²) was derived from self-reported data, supplemented with proxy reports for children under 15 years old. Overweight and obesity were classified using age/sex-specific cut-off points. Highest parental educational level served as the indicator of SES. In addition to reporting the overall prevalence and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of childhood overweight and obesity by year, this study examines the absolute difference in prevalence between SES groups (low minus high) and calculates the Odds Ratio (OR, adjusted for age and sex) to evaluate the relative difference. RESULTS The overall prevalence of childhood overweight rose from 13.6% (95%CI = 11.2-16.1%) in 1997 to 18.9% (95%CI = 16.3-21.5%) in 2018; while it remained stable for obesity, fluctuating between 5.4% and 6.3% over the same period. This increase was more pronounced among children with low SES compared to those with high SES. Consequently, the absolute difference between children with low and high SES increased over time from 8.0% points (pp) in 1997 to 14.9 pp in 2018 for overweight, and from 3.1 pp to 6.8 pp for obesity. In terms of relative inequalities, overall, children with low SES exhibited significantly higher odds of overweight and of obesity than those with high SES (OR varying between 2 à 3 for overweight and between 2 and 4 for obesity). CONCLUSIONS The escalating disparities over time highlight SES as a significant risk factor for childhood overweight and obesity. Addressing these inequalities requires interventions such as providing healthy meals and increasing sports opportunities at school. Additionally, it is recommended to regulate fast food outlets near schools and limit unhealthy food marketing, particularly because children with low SES are more exposed to such influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Drieskens
- Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, Brussels, 1050, Belgium.
| | - Rana Charafeddine
- Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Vandevijvere
- Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Robby De Pauw
- Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Demarest
- Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
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18
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Du S, Zhou N, Zheng W, Zhu X, Ling R, Zhou W, Li X. Prepuberty is a window period for curcumin to prevent obesity in postnatal overfed rats. Pediatr Res 2024; 96:104-114. [PMID: 38548969 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overnutrition in early life increases the risk of obesity and metabolic diseases. We investigated the effects and the window period of a curcumin (CUR) diet on postnatal overfed rats. METHODS Male rats aged 3 days were randomly divided into normal litters (NL, 10 pups/litter) and small litters (SL, 3 pups/litter). After weaning (Week 3, W3), NL rats were fed a normal diet (NL) and SL rats were fed a normal diet (SL) or 2% CUR diet from weaning (W3) (SL-CURW13), beginning of puberty (W6) (SL-CURW16), or end of puberty (W8) (SL-CURW18) for 10 weeks. RESULTS Body weight, glucose intolerance and hyperlipidemia in the SL rats were higher than in the NL rats, especially after puberty. After the CUR intervention, SL-CURW13 and SL-CURW16 rats showed lower body weight gain, adipose tissue weight and mRNA level of C/EBPα in SAT, along with higher mRNA levels of β-catenin. There was no difference between SL and SL-CURW18 rats. Glucose tolerance, serum lipids and hepatic lipids recovered to normal in the SL-CURW13 rats, but only partially in the SL-CURW16 and SL-CURW18 rats. CONCLUSION Prepuberty is a window period for CUR intervention to improve programmed outcomes in postnatal overfed rats. IMPACT Overnutrition during the first 1000 days of life has persistent negative effects on metabolism. Strategies should be taken to prevent overnutrition in early life to reduce the risk of obesity and metabolic disease in later life. A small-litter rat model was utilized to simulate early-life overnutrition in humans. We investigated the different effects and critical period for curcumin intervention on postnatal overfed rats. Dietary curcumin intervention before puberty could effectively transform nutritional programming to reduce obesity and metabolic disorders caused by early-life overnutrition, and an earlier intervention might predict a better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Du
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ru Ling
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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Sharma S, Subrahmanyam YV, Ranjani H, Sidra S, Parmar D, Vadivel S, Kannan S, Grallert H, Usharani D, Anjana RM, Balasubramanyam M, Mohan V, Jerzy A, Panchagnula V, Gokulakrishnan K. Circulatory levels of lysophosphatidylcholine species in obese adolescents: Findings from cross-sectional and prospective lipidomics analyses. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1807-1816. [PMID: 38503619 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity has reached epidemic proportions, emphasizing the importance of reliable biomarkers for detecting early metabolic alterations and enabling early preventative interventions. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and specific lipid species associated with childhood obesity remains limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate plasma lipidomic signatures as potential biomarkers for adolescent obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 103 individuals comprising overweight/obese (n = 46) and normal weight (n = 57) were randomly chosen from the baseline ORANGE (Obesity Reduction and Noncommunicable Disease Awareness through Group Education) cohort, having been followed up for a median of 7.1 years. Plasma lipidomic profiling was performed using the UHPLC-HRMS method. We used three different models adjusted for clinical covariates to analyze the data. Clustering methods were used to define metabotypes, which allowed for the stratification of subjects into subgroups with similar clinical and metabolic profiles. We observed that lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) species like LPC.16.0, LPC.18.3, LPC.18.1, and LPC.20.3 were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with baseline and follow-up BMI in adolescent obesity. The association of LPC species with BMI remained consistently significant even after adjusting for potential confounders. Moreover, applying metabotyping using hierarchical clustering provided insights into the metabolic heterogeneity within the normal and obese groups, distinguishing metabolically healthy individuals from those with unhealthy metabolic profiles. CONCLUSION The specific LPC levels were found to be altered and increased in childhood obesity, particularly during the follow-up. These findings suggest that LPC species hold promise as potential biomarkers of obesity in adolescents, including healthy and unhealthy metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Sharma
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yalamanchili Venkata Subrahmanyam
- CEPD Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008 India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Harish Ranjani
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, No. 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600086 India; Department of Preventive and Digital Health Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, No. 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600086 India
| | - Sidra Sidra
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dharmeshkumar Parmar
- CEPD Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008 India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sangeetha Vadivel
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, No. 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600086 India
| | - Shanthini Kannan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, No. 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600086 India
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dandamudi Usharani
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, No. 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600086 India
| | | | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, No. 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600086 India
| | - Adamski Jerzy
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore; Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Venkateswarlu Panchagnula
- CEPD Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008 India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kuppan Gokulakrishnan
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029, India.
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20
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Lee MS. The prevalence and prevention strategies of pediatric obesity: a narrative review. JOURNAL OF YEUNGNAM MEDICAL SCIENCE 2024; 41:141-149. [PMID: 38965682 PMCID: PMC11294797 DOI: 10.12701/jyms.2024.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric obesity has rapidly increased globally over the past few decades, including in Korea. We aimed to discuss trends in the prevalence of pediatric obesity and effective prevention strategies. Its prevalence has markedly increased in most high-income nations. According to recent reports, this increase has slowed in developed countries, but the levels remain alarmingly high. In Korea, the rate of pediatric obesity has surged notably since the 1990s; however, since the 2000s, this increase has become more gradual. According to recently published 2017 growth charts, the prevalence of pediatric obesity in Korea varies slightly depending on the data source. The National School Health Examination data showed that pediatric obesity gradually increase from 11.5% in 2014 to 15.1% in 2019, and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, it sharply increased to 19% in 2021. Based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the prevalence of pediatric obesity gradually increased from 10.8% in 2017 to 13.6% in 2019. This trend, which accelerated sharply to 15.9% in 2020 and 19.3% in 2021, was especially severe in boys and older children. Pediatric obesity not only affects health during childhood but also increases the risk of developing obesity and associated health conditions in adulthood. Despite ongoing research on treatment options, obesity prevention and control remain challenging. Hence, prioritizing early intervention and prevention of pediatric obesity through healthy eating habits and lifestyles is crucial. This requires intervention at the individual, family, school, and community levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Seon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Korea
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21
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Liu ZR, Cui K. The association of caffeine intake and prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents: A cross-sectional survey from NHANES 2011-2020 March. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300566. [PMID: 38829842 PMCID: PMC11146693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have demonstrated the beneficial health effects of caffeine. However, its association with obesity prevalence and caffeine intake remains controversial. Notably, the impact of caffeine on children and adolescents needs to be more adequately represented in large-scale epidemiological investigations. OBJECTIVE This study examines the association between caffeine intake and obesity prevalence in children and adolescents aged 2 to 19. METHODS This study used the database from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011-2020 March) to perform a cross-sectional study. A total of 10,001 classified children and adolescents were included in this analysis. All data were survey-weighted, and corresponding logistic regression models were performed to examine the associations between caffeine intake and the prevalence of obesity. RESULTS In a fully adjusted model, a per-quartile increase in caffeine intake was associated with a 0.05% increased prevalence of obesity. In the subgroup analysis, the multivariate-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of the prevalence of obesity for per-quartile 1.3497 (1.2014, 1.5163) increments in caffeine intake were 1.5961 (1.3127, 1.9406) for boys and 1.4418 (1.1861, 1.7525) for girls, 1.5807 (1.3131, 1.9027) for white race and 1.3181 (1.0613, 1.6370), 1.0500 (0.6676, 1.6515) for the age of 2-5, 1.4996 (1.1997, 1.8745) for the age of 6-12, and 1.2321 (0.9924, 1597) for the age of 13-19. CONCLUSION The study suggested that higher caffeine intake may have a protective effect against obesity in specific subgroups, particularly among no overweight individuals. However, the association was not significant in other groups, indicating the need for a nuanced understanding of caffeine's impact on obesity in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Rui Liu
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Faculty of Early Childhood Education, Shaanxi Vocational and Technical College, Xi’An, China
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Faculty of Human Development, University Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Kai Cui
- Children’s Health Care, PLA 77th Group Hospital, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Children’s Health Care, Ya Ba Ba Clinic, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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22
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Souza Filho AND, Bezerra TA, Bandeira PFR, Cabral LG, Brito A, Guerra PH, Martins CMDL, Carvalho FO. Association between the environment for physical activity in public schools and childhood obesity: a view in the light of complex systems. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2024; 29:e05162023. [PMID: 38896672 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232024296.05162023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This article aims to analyse the relationship between physical activity (PA) environment at schools, sex, age, and obesity in children, using a network approach. This is a cross-sectional study, with 1,200 children (8.1±1.0 years old) from eight public schools in the same municipality. Weight and height measurements were assessed to calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI) and classified as healthier weight or overweight. To assess the PA environment at school, a interview with the school´s manager was conducted. The association between the PA environment at school and obesity was tested using a Network Analysis performed on the Jasp software. Positive associations between BMI and Physical Education classes (0.847), physical education teacher (0.349), break duration (0.564), and indoor sports court (0.662) were observed. Negative associations were seen with sex (-0.212) age (-0.387), extracurricular PA (-0.492), and playground (-0.557). Additionally, the centrality indicators highlighted extracurricular PA (1.789) as the variables with the highest betweenness values, and BMI with the highest closeness (2.239) and strength (1.230) values. Extracurricular PA and the presence of playgrounds in school´s environment are associated with healthier weight in low-income children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastácio Neco de Souza Filho
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Regional do Cariri. R. Cel. Antônio Luíz 1161, Pimenta. 63105-010 Crato CE Brasil.
| | - Thaynã Alves Bezerra
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Regional do Cariri. R. Cel. Antônio Luíz 1161, Pimenta. 63105-010 Crato CE Brasil.
| | - Paulo Felipe Ribeiro Bandeira
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Regional do Cariri. R. Cel. Antônio Luíz 1161, Pimenta. 63105-010 Crato CE Brasil.
| | - Luciana Gatto Cabral
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba. João Pessoa PB Brasil
| | - André Brito
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco. Petrolina PE Brasil
| | - Paulo Henrique Guerra
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Fronteira do Sul. Chapecó RS Brasil
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23
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Onyimadu O, Astbury NM, Achana F, Petrou S, Violato M. Childhood Transitions Between Weight Status Categories: Evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2024; 42:649-661. [PMID: 38568340 PMCID: PMC11126508 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-024-01361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing the cost-effectiveness of interventions targeting childhood excess weight requires estimates of the hazards of transitioning between weight status categories. Current estimates are based on studies characterized by insufficient sample sizes, a lack of national representativeness, and untested assumptions. OBJECTIVES We sought to (1) estimate transition probabilities and hazard ratios for transitioning between childhood weight status categories, (2) test the validity of the underlying assumption in the literature that transitions between childhood bodyweight categories are time-homogeneous, (3) account for complex sampling procedures when deriving nationally representative transition estimates, and (4) explore the impact of child, maternal, and sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS We applied a multistate transition modeling approach accounting for complex survey design to UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) data to predict transition probabilities and hazard ratios for weight status movements for children aged 3-17. Surveys were conducted at ages 3 (wave 2 in 2004), 5 (wave 3 in 2006), 7 (wave 4 in 2008), 11 (wave 5 in 2012), 14 (wave 6 in 2015), and 17 (wave 7 in 2018) years. We derived datasets that included repeated body mass index measurements across waves after excluding multiple births and children with missing or implausible bodyweight records. To account for the stratified cluster sample design of the MCS, we incorporated survey weights and jackknife replicates of survey weights. Using a validation dataset from the MCS, we tested the validity of our models. Finally, we estimated the relationships between state transitions and child, maternal, and sociodemographic factors. RESULTS The datasets for our primary analysis consisted of 10,399 children for waves 2-3, 10,729 for waves 3-4, 9685 for waves 4-5, 8593 for waves 5-6, and 7085 for waves 6-7. All datasets consisted of roughly equal splits of boys and girls. Under the assumption of time-heterogeneous transition rates (our base-case model), younger children (ages 3-5 and 5-7 years) had significantly higher annual transition probabilities of moving from healthy weight to overweight (0.033, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.026-0.041, and 0.027, 95% CI 0.021-0.033, respectively) compared to older children (0.015, 95% CI 0.012-0.018, at ages 7-11; 0.018, 95% CI 0.013-0.023, at ages 11-14; and 0.018, 95% CI 0.013-0.025 at ages 14-17 years). However, the resolution of unhealthy weight was more strongly age-dependent than transitions from healthy weight to non-healthy weight states. Transition hazards differed by child, maternal, and sociodemographic factors. CONCLUSIONS Our models generated estimates of bodyweight status transitions in a representative UK childhood population. Compared to our scenario models (i.e., time-homogeneous transition rates), our base-case model fits the observed data best, indicating a non-time-homogeneous pattern in transitions between bodyweight categories during childhood. Transition hazards varied significantly by age and across subpopulations, suggesting that conducting subgroup-specific cost-effectiveness analyses of childhood weight management interventions will optimize decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olu Onyimadu
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK.
| | - Nerys M Astbury
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Felix Achana
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Stavros Petrou
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Mara Violato
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
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24
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Kühnen P, Argente J, Clément K, Dollfus H, Dubern B, Farooqi S, de Groot C, Grüters A, Holm JC, Hopkins M, Kleinendorst L, Körner A, Meeker D, Rydén M, von Schnurbein J, Tschöp M, Yeo GSH, Zorn S, Wabitsch M. IMPROVE 2022 International Meeting on Pathway-Related Obesity: Vision of Excellence. Clin Obes 2024; 14:e12659. [PMID: 38602039 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Nearly 90 clinicians and researchers from around the world attended the first IMPROVE 2022 International Meeting on Pathway-Related Obesity. Delegates attended in person or online from across Europe, Argentina and Israel to hear the latest scientific and clinical developments in hyperphagia and severe, early-onset obesity, and set out a vision of excellence for the future for improving the diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients with melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) pathway-related obesity. The meeting co-chair Peter Kühnen, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, indicated that change was needed with the rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity and the associated complications to improve the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and acknowledge that monogenic forms of obesity can play an important role, providing insights that can be applied to a wider group of patients with obesity. World-leading experts presented the latest research and led discussions on the underlying science of obesity, diagnosis (including clinical and genetic approaches such as the role of defective MC4R signalling), and emerging clinical data and research with targeted pharmacological approaches. The aim of the meeting was to agree on the questions that needed to be addressed in future research and to ensure that optimised diagnostic work-up was used with new genetic testing tools becoming available. This should aid the planning of new evidence-based treatment strategies for the future, as explained by co-chair Martin Wabitsch, Ulm University Medical Center, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kühnen
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jesús Argente
- Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karine Clément
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- INSERM, Nutrition and Obesity: Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics, Research Unit, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Dollfus
- CARGO and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Béatrice Dubern
- INSERM, Nutrition and Obesity: Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics, Research Unit, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Trousseau Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sadaf Farooqi
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Corjan de Groot
- Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annette Grüters
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark Hopkins
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lotte Kleinendorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David Meeker
- Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine H7, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia von Schnurbein
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefanie Zorn
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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25
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Kalea AZ, Papada E. Healthy Diets to Prevent Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases in Adolescents. Nutrients 2024; 16:1740. [PMID: 38892673 PMCID: PMC11175139 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the 1980s, there has been a global increase, decade by decade, in the rates of overweight and obesity among children, both in developed and developing countries [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Z. Kalea
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK;
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Efstathia Papada
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK;
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26
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Rivero-Salgado GM, Zamudio SR, Fregoso-Aguilar TA, Quevedo-Corona L. Effects of a Functional Food Made with Salvia hispanica L. (Chia Seed), Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. (Amaranth), and an Ethanolic Extract of Curcuma longa L. (Curcumin) in a Rat Model of Childhood Obesity. Foods 2024; 13:1720. [PMID: 38890948 PMCID: PMC11171659 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem and is increasing in prevalence in most countries. Although obesity affects all age groups, children are the most vulnerable sector. Functional foods are novel formulated foods containing substances (i.e., nutrients, phytochemicals, probiotics, etc.) that have potential health-enhancing or disease-preventing value. The research objective was to study the possible beneficial effects of providing a functional food made with amaranth flour, chia seed, and curcumin extract on the metabolism and behavior of a rat model of childhood obesity. Male Wistar rat pups from two litters of different sizes, a normal litter (NL) (10 pups) and a small litter (SL) (4 pups), were used. After weaning, the rats were fed a hypercaloric diet (HD) or an HD supplemented with the functional food mixture. Body weight and energy intake were measured for seven weeks, and locomotor activity, learning, and memory tests were also performed. At the end of the experiment, glucose and lipid metabolism parameters were determined. The results showed that in this model of obesity produced by early overfeeding and the consumption of a hypercaloric diet, anxiety-like behaviors and metabolic alterations occurred in the rat offspring; however, the provision of the functional food failed to reduce or prevent these alterations, and an exacerbation was even observed in some metabolic indicators. Interestingly, in the NL rats, the provision of the functional food produced some of the expected improvements in health, such as significant decreases in body weight gain and liver cholesterol and non-significant decreases in adipose tissue and leptin and insulin serum levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucía Quevedo-Corona
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (G.M.R.-S.); (S.R.Z.); (T.A.F.-A.)
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27
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Pellegrino F, Tan M, Richonnet C, Reinert R, Bucher Della Torre S, Chatelan A. What Is the Nutritional Quality of Pre-Packed Foods Marketed to Children in Food Stores? A Survey in Switzerland. Nutrients 2024; 16:1656. [PMID: 38892589 PMCID: PMC11175003 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Food marketing targeting children influences their choices and dietary habits, and mainly promotes food high in fat, sugar, and salt as well as ultra-processed food. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional quality of food and beverages marketed to children over the age of 3 and available on the Swiss market. Products with at least one marketing technique targeting children on the packaging were selected from five food store chains. Three criteria to assess nutritional quality were used: (1) nutritional composition (using the Nutri-Score), (2) degree of processing (NOVA classification), and (3) compliance with the World Health Organization (WHO) Nutrient Profile Model (NPM). A total of 735 products were found and analyzed. The most common marketing techniques used were childish names/fonts (46.9%), special characters (39.6%), and children's drawings (31.3%). Most products had a Nutri-Score of D or E (58.0%) and were ultra-processed (91.8%). Only 10.2% of products displayed the Nutri-Score. The least processed products generally had a better Nutri-Score (p < 0.001). Most products (92.8%) did not meet the criteria of the WHO NPM. Products that met the WHO NPM criteria, organic products, and products with a nutritional claim generally had a better Nutri-Score and were less processed (ps < 0.05). Pre-packaged foods and beverages marketed to children in the Swiss market were mostly of poor nutritional quality. Public health measures should be adopted to improve the nutritional quality of foods marketed to children in Switzerland and restrict the marketing of unhealthy foods to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Pellegrino
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Rue des Caroubiers 25, 1227 Carouge, Switzerland
| | - Monique Tan
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Celine Richonnet
- Club Européen des Diététiciens de l’Enfance (CEDE), Esplanade, 17-7800 Ath, Belgium
| | - Raphaël Reinert
- Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Schwarzenburgstrasse 155, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Bucher Della Torre
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Rue des Caroubiers 25, 1227 Carouge, Switzerland
| | - Angeline Chatelan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Rue des Caroubiers 25, 1227 Carouge, Switzerland
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28
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Rodrigues A, Antunes H, Sabino B, Sousa D, Correia AL, Alves R, Lopes H. The Effect of Physical Activity Levels on Cognitive Performance: Research in Portuguese Adolescents. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:146. [PMID: 38921840 PMCID: PMC11209043 DOI: 10.3390/sports12060146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The literature unequivocally acknowledges the numerous health benefits that physical activity (PA) provides. However, in other variables, such as cognitive performance (CP), the PA characteristics required to elicit favorable benefits remain controversial, particularly among adolescents. The aim was to investigate the evolution of CP in adolescents over the school year, as well as the role of regular PA levels. The study included 366 adolescents (boys n = 154), between 12 and 20 years old (15.46 ± 1.63), from middle school (n = 123) and high school (n = 243). CP was assessed through a face-to-face interview employing the Cognitive Telephone Screening Instrument. The variation in CP (∆CP) was determined by the difference between the value of the final assessment (end of the school year) and the initial assessment (start of the school year). PA was assessed using accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+). The CP score improved from the initial to the final assessment (37.80 ± 9.26 vs. 40.45 ± 10.05) (t = -6.135; p < 0.001; Glass's Delta = 0.37. Multiple linear regression revealed that age (ß = -0.332; t = -4.255; p < 0.001) and high-intensity PA (ß = 0.283; t = 3.627; p < 0.001) accounted for 17.2% of the variation in ∆CP. CP improved significantly over the school year, emphasizing the significance of age and vigorous PA in ∆CP in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodrigues
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (A.R.); (H.A.); (D.S.); (A.L.C.); (R.A.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Hélio Antunes
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (A.R.); (H.A.); (D.S.); (A.L.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Bebiana Sabino
- Higher School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal;
- SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, 4900-367 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Duarte Sousa
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (A.R.); (H.A.); (D.S.); (A.L.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Ana Luísa Correia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (A.R.); (H.A.); (D.S.); (A.L.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Ricardo Alves
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (A.R.); (H.A.); (D.S.); (A.L.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Hélder Lopes
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (A.R.); (H.A.); (D.S.); (A.L.C.); (R.A.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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29
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Mandefro M, Shore H, Hailu S, Ayele F, Tekola A, Shawel S, Kassa O, Tamire A, Masrie A, Gezahegn A, Gebru T, Roba KT, Gebremichael B. Overweight and obesity and associated factors among public and private secondary school adolescent students in Harar city, Eastern Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38271. [PMID: 38787981 PMCID: PMC11124757 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescent overweight and obesity are growing public health concerns in developing nations like Ethiopia. They are closely linked to an increased risk of non-communicable diseases, a deterioration in health-related quality of life, subpar academic performance, and a decline in social and emotional well-being. There is, however, little research in this field. Thus, this study aimed to assess overweight and obesity and associated factors among public and private secondary school adolescent students in Harar city, Eastern Ethiopia. A school-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 781 secondary school adolescents in Harar city from February to March 2022. Multi-stage sampling was used to identify 781 study participants (586 in public and 195 in private schools). Anthropometric measures and self-administered structured questionnaires were used to obtain the data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine the association between independent variables and overweight and obesity. Statistical significance was declared at P < .05. The overall magnitude of overweight and obesity was 9.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.2-11.4%] with 16.2% in private schools. Being female [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.17-3.55], late adolescent age [AOR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.31-0.90], bigger family size [AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31-0.97], high paternal education level [AOR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.08-3.81], eating meat [AOR = 3.41, 95% CI: 1.27-9.17] and not consuming breakfast daily [AOR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.24-3.67] were factors associated with overweight and obesity among all secondary school adolescents. A high maternal educational level, not eating breakfast and dinner daily in private secondary school adolescents and having a feminine gender, eating eggs, and not walking or riding a bicycle for at least 10 minutes continuously in public secondary school adolescents were factors associated with overweight and obesity. The extent of overweight and obesity was notably higher in the study area. Communities and educational institutions should work together to promote healthy lifestyle choices among adolescents, with a special emphasis on girls and students enrolled in private schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miheret Mandefro
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Hirbo Shore
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Saba Hailu
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Firayad Ayele
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abainash Tekola
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Samrawit Shawel
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Obsan Kassa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Aklilu Tamire
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Awoke Masrie
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Gezahegn
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilaye Gebru
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Teji Roba
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Berhe Gebremichael
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Argenio KL, Day SE, D’Agostino EM, Neshteruk C, Wagner BE, Konty KJ. Increasing disparities in obesity and severe obesity prevalence among public elementary and middle school students in New York City, school years 2011-12 through 2019-20. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302099. [PMID: 38748634 PMCID: PMC11095699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent national trends in the United States indicate a significant increase in childhood obesity, a major public health concern with documented physical and mental comorbidities and sociodemographic disparities. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of obesity and severe obesity among youth in New York City (NYC) before the COVID-19 pandemic and examine time trends overall and by key characteristics. We included all valid height and weight measurements of kindergarten through 8th grade public school students aged 5 to 15 from school years 2011-12 through 2019-20 (N = 1,370,890 unique students; 5,254,058 observations). Obesity and severe obesity were determined using age- and sex-specific body mass index percentiles based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Analyses were performed using multivariate logistic regression models with repeated cross-sectional observations weighted to represent the student population for each year and clustered by student and school. Among youth attending public elementary and middle schools in NYC, we estimate that 20.9% and 6.4% had obesity and severe obesity, respectively, in 2019-20. While consistent declines in prevalence were observed overall from 2011-12 to 2019-20 (2.8% relative decrease in obesity and 0.2% in severe obesity, p<0.001), increasing trends were observed among Black, Hispanic, and foreign-born students, suggesting widening disparities. Extending previous work reporting prevalence estimates in this population, nearly all groups experienced significant increases in obesity and severe obesity from 2016-17 to 2019-20 (relative change = 3.5% and 6.7%, respectively, overall; p<0.001). Yet, some of the largest increases in obesity were observed among those already bearing the greatest burden, such as Black and Hispanic students and youth living in poverty. These findings highlight the need for greater implementation of equity-centered obesity prevention efforts. Future research should consider the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in clinical guidance on childhood obesity and severe obesity in NYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira L. Argenio
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Office of School Health, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sophia E. Day
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Office of School Health, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Emily M. D’Agostino
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Cody Neshteruk
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brooke E. Wagner
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kevin J. Konty
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Office of School Health, New York, New York, United States of America
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Palmer T, Leiva Granados R, Draper C, Norris SA, Batura N. Cost-effectiveness of a complex continuum of care intervention targeting women and children: protocol for an economic evaluation of the Bukhali trial in South Africa. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080166. [PMID: 38740501 PMCID: PMC11097888 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As nearly two-thirds of women presenting at their first antenatal visit are either overweight or obese in urban South Africa, the preconception period is an opportunity to optimise health and offset transgenerational risk of both obesity and non-communicable diseases. This protocol describes the planned economic evaluation of an individually randomised controlled trial of a complex continuum of care intervention targeting women and children in Soweto, South Africa (Bukhali trial). METHODS AND ANALYSIS The economic evaluation of the Bukhali trial will be conducted as a within-trial analysis from both provider and societal perspectives. Incremental costs and health outcomes of the continuum of care intervention will be compared with standard care. The economic impact on implementing agencies (programme costs), healthcare providers, participants and their households will be estimated. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) will be calculated in terms of cost per case of child adiposity at age years averted. Additionally, ICERs will also be reported in terms of cost per quality-adjusted life year gained. If Bukhali demonstrates effectiveness, we will employ a decision analytical model to examine the cost-effectiveness of the intervention over a child's lifetime. A Markov model will be used to estimate long-term health benefits, healthcare costs and cost-effectiveness. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses will be conducted to explore uncertainty and ensure robust results. An analysis will be conducted to assess the equity impact of the intervention, by comparing intervention impact within quintiles of socioeconomic status. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Bukhali trial economic evaluation has ethical approval from the Human Ethics Research Committee of the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (M240162). The results of the economic evaluation will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at a relevant international conference. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR201903750173871; https://pactr.samrc.ac.za).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Palmer
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Catherine Draper
- MRC-Wits DPHRU, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shane A Norris
- MRC-Wits DPHRU, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Neha Batura
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
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Lu S, Wang Q, Lu H, Kuang M, Zhang M, Sheng G, Zou Y, Peng X. Lipids as potential mediators linking body mass index to diabetes: evidence from a mediation analysis based on the NAGALA cohort. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:66. [PMID: 38730299 PMCID: PMC11083816 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01594-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) and lipid disorders are both known to be strongly associated with the development of diabetes, however, the indirect effect of lipid parameters in the BMI-related diabetes risk is currently unknown. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of lipid parameters in the association of BMI with diabetes risk. METHODS We assessed the association of diabetes risk with BMI, as well as lipid parameters including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-CF and LDL-CS), triglycerides(TG), total cholesterol(TC), remnant cholesterol(RC), non-HDL-C, and combined indices of lipid parameters with HDL-C (RC/HDL-C ratio, TG/HDL-C ratio, TC/HDL-C ratio, non-HDL/HDL-C ratio, LDL/HDL-C ratio) using data from 15,453 subjects in the NAGALA project. Mediation models were used to explore the mediating role of lipid parameters in the association of BMI with diabetes risk, and mediation percentages were calculated for quantifying the strength of the indirect effects. Finally, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to compare the accuracy of BMI and BMI combined with lipid parameters in predicting incident diabetes. RESULTS Multivariate regression models, adjusted for confounding factors, demonstrated robust associations of lipid parameters, BMI, with diabetes risk, with the exception of TC, LDL-CF, LDL-CS, and non-HDL-C. Mediation analysis showed that lipid parameters except TC, LDL-CF, LDL-CS, and Non-HDL-C were involved in and mediated the association of BMI with diabetes risk, with the largest mediation percentage being the RC/HDL-C ratio, which was as high as 40%; it is worth mentioning that HDL-C and HDL-C-related lipid ratio parameters also play an important mediating role in the association between BMI and diabetes, with the mediator proportion being greater than 30%. Finally, based on the ROC results, we found that the prediction performance of all lipid parameters in the current study except TC was significantly improved when combined with BMI. CONCLUSION Our fresh findings suggested that lipid parameters partially mediated the association of BMI with diabetes risk; this result indicated that in the context of diabetes risk screening and disease management, it is important to not only monitor BMI but also pay attention to lipid parameters, particularly HDL-C and HDL-C-related lipid ratio parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Hengcheng Lu
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Maobin Kuang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Guotai Sheng
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Xiaoping Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Farsi DJ, Farsi NJ, Elkhodary HM, Alattas LK, Alshaikh AB, Farsi NM. Prevalence of Obesity and Dental Caries in High School Adolescents during the First Decade of Saudi Vision 2030: A Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:563. [PMID: 38790558 PMCID: PMC11119454 DOI: 10.3390/children11050563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Saudi Vision 2030 was launched in 2016. Obesity and dental caries are both highly prevalent in Saudi adolescents and have been targeted by the Vision's health initiatives. The aim is to assess their prevalence in adolescents during the first decade since the launch of the Vision. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia using a stratified sample of 571 high school students, with an average age of 16.7 (0.6). Their height and weight were measured, and their body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The decayed, missed, and filled scores (DMFTs) were recorded after an oral examination. Non-parametric tests were used to assess the associations of DMFT with BMI, sex, and school type; and its predictors were assessed. One-third of males were overweight/obese compared with 22% of females. Males exhibited higher DMFTs than females. DMFTs were higher among public school students than among their private school counterparts. No significant association was observed between DMFT and BMI. Sex and school type were significant predictors of DMFT. The prevalence of obesity has slowly decreased in adolescents, but the prevalence of dental caries has not. There was no significant relationship between these conditions. Saudi Vision 2030's current preventive/educational initiatives may be more effective in combating obesity than dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deema J. Farsi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.E.); (N.M.F.)
| | - Nada J. Farsi
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Heba M. Elkhodary
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.E.); (N.M.F.)
- Department of Pedodontics and Oral Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Alazhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Logain K. Alattas
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Ali B. Alshaikh
- Saudi Board of Pediatric Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh 12611, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Najat M. Farsi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.E.); (N.M.F.)
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Dong L, Dai G, Zhao J. Impact of body mass index at diagnosis on outcomes of pediatric acute leukemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302879. [PMID: 38709714 PMCID: PMC11073705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of childhood malnutrition i.e., both obesity and undernutrition, is on a rise. While there is extensive evidence of the influence of body mass index (BMI) on the survival and other important outcomes of adult cancers, the impact of childhood BMI on one of the common pediatric cancers i.e., leukemia is not well studied. METHODS Systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases was done to identify studies that were conducted among pediatric patients with leukemia and had examined outcomes of interest based on BMI at the time of diagnosis. RESULTS Effect sizes were reported as pooled hazards ratio (HR) along with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 17 studies were included. Compared to pediatric leukemia patients with normal BMI, underweight (HR 1.07, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.11) and obese (HR 1.42, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.71) children with leukemia had higher risks of overall mortality. Underweight (HR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.19) and obese (HR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.55) pediatric leukemia patients had a tendency to lower event-free survival compared to children with normal BMI. The risk of relapse was not significant for underweight, overweight, and obese children. CONCLUSIONS Both underweight and obese status at the time of diagnosis were associated with poor survival outcomes in pediatric patients with leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Changxing People’s Hospital, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guixing Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Changxing People’s Hospital, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Changxing People’s Hospital, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
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Yoong SL, Brown AD, Leung GKW, Hillenaar M, David JL, Hayward J, Strugnell C, Bell C, Brown V, Jackson M, Allender S. A protocol of a pilot randomised trial (Action-RESPOND) to support rural and regional communities with implementing community-based systems thinking obesity prevention initiatives. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302047. [PMID: 38696541 PMCID: PMC11065269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over a quarter of children aged 2-17 years living in Australia are overweight or obese, with a higher prevalence reported in regional and remote communities. Systems thinking approaches that seek to support communities to generate and implement locally appropriate solutions targeting intertwined environmental, political, sociocultural, and individual determinants of obesity have the potential to ameliorate this. There have however been reported challenges with implementation of such initiatives, which may be strengthened by incorporating implementation science methods. METHODS This pilot randomised controlled trial protocol outlines the development and proposed evaluation of a multicomponent implementation strategy (Action-RESPOND). to increase the implementation of community-based systems thinking child obesity prevention initiatives The target of this intervention is ten rural and regional communities (or local government areas as the unit of allocation) within Northeast Victoria who were participants in a whole-of-systems intervention (RESPOND). Action-RESPOND builds on this intervention by assessing the impact of offering additional implementation strategies to five communities relative to usual care. The development of the multicomponent implementation strategy was informed by the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework and consists of seven implementation strategies primarily delivered via 'facilitation' methods. Implementation strategies aimed to ensure initiatives implemented are i) evidence-based, ii) address community's specific needs and iii) are suitable for local context. Strategies also aimed to increase the community's capacity to implement, through iv) improving the health promotion team's implementation knowledge and skills, fostering v) leadership, vi) physical resources and vii) community culture to drive implementation. The feasibility, acceptability, potential impact, and cost of the strategy will be assessed at baseline and follow up using surveys administered to key representatives within the community and internal records maintained by the research team. DISCUSSION By leveraging an existing community-based whole-of-systems intervention, Action-RESPOND offers a unique opportunity to collect pilot feasibility and early empirical data on how to apply implementation and systems science approaches to support obesity prevention in rural and regional communities in Victoria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Lin Yoong
- Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew D. Brown
- Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Gloria K. W. Leung
- Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Monique Hillenaar
- Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jennifer L. David
- Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Josh Hayward
- Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Claudia Strugnell
- Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Institute for Phaysical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Colin Bell
- Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Vicki Brown
- Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michelle Jackson
- Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Steven Allender
- Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Shrestha D, K C Bhandari A, Ogawa K, Tanaka H, Miyayama C, Horikawa R, Urayama KY, Morisaki N. Effect of postpartum depression and role of infant feeding practices on relative weight of child at 1 and 3 years of age. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:336. [PMID: 38698333 PMCID: PMC11067203 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity has increased and is considered one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century globally, and may be exacerbated by postpartum depression (PPD). The purpose of this study was to examine the association between PPD at 1st and 6th month postpartum, infant feeding practices, and body mass index (BMI) z-score of the child at one and three years of age. METHODS This study used data from an ongoing prospective maternal-child birth cohort performed at the National Center for Child Health and Development (NCCHD) in suburban Tokyo, Japan with the period of recruitment from May 13, 2010 to November 28, 2013. Out of 2,309 total number of mothers, 1,279 mother-child dyads were assessed in the study. We performed multivariable linear regression analysis to examine the association between PPD and child's BMI z-score stratified by the child's age at 1 year and 3 years of age. RESULTS The prevalence of PPD at 1 month postpartum (17%) was found to be higher than at 6 months (12%). In multivariable linear regression analysis we observed that children at 3 years who had mothers with PPD at 6 months had, on average, a BMI z-score 0.25 higher than children of mothers who did not have PPD at 6 months (ß coefficient 0.25, 95% CI [0.04 to 0.46], p value 0.02), holding all other covariates constant. Also, initiation of weaning food when child is at six months of age was associated with higher BMI z-score of the child at 3 years after adjusting for all covariates (ß coefficient = 0.18, 95% CI [0.03 to 0.34], p-value < 0.05). CONCLUSION The significant association between PPD at 6 months and child's BMI z-score at 3 years of age, in conjunction with birth trends and high prevalence of PPD, can add to the body of evidence that there is need for multiple assessment across the first postpartum year to rule out PPD as early screening and early interventions may benefit both maternal health and child development outcomes. These findings can indicate the need for establishing support systems for care-giving activities for mothers with PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishti Shrestha
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Aliza K C Bhandari
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogawa
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Tanaka
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Miyayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Horikawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kevin Y Urayama
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naho Morisaki
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kostopoulou E, Kalavrizioti D, Davoulou P, Sinopidis X, Papachristou E, Goumenos DS, Dimitriou G, Spiliotis BE, Papasotiriou M. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in children with obesity or type 1 diabetes as a marker of endothelial dysfunction: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:2383-2389. [PMID: 38448612 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric obesity and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) represent two common chronic diseases associated with chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and long-term complications. The aim of the present study was to assess the possible diagnostic and prognostic value of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), a marker of inflammation and impaired endothelial function, in children with the diseases. In this cross-sectional study, children and adolescents with T1DM (N = 41) or obesity (N = 37), aged < 18 years old, and without proteinuria were included, together with children of similar age and without evident morbidity that served as controls (N = 42). Serum samples were obtained during standard outpatient follow up and the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) concentrations were measured using a commercially available sandwich ELISA kit (DUP00, R&D systems). Clinical and biochemical indices that were also assessed include body mass index (BMI) z-score, Tanner stages, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting lipid profile and serum creatinine. Mean serum suPAR levels were significantly higher in patients with obesity compared to patients with T1DM and controls, while children with T1DM had similar suPAR levels to controls. Also, serum suPAR levels showed a negative correlation with age (Spearman rho -0.359, p < 0.001) and serum creatinine levels (Spearman rho -0.334, p = 0.005), and a positive correlation with BMI z-score (Spearman rho 0.354, p = 0.009) in the whole cohort. Conclusion: Serum suPAR may be a useful predictive marker of inflammation or endothelial dysfunction for children with obesity and T1DM, as well as a promising therapeutic target. Further studies are needed in order to clarify whether the reported differences in suPAR levels could reflect a greater impairment of the inflammation status and endothelial function in children with obesity compared to children with T1DM. What is Known: • Paediatric obesity and type 1 diabetes are characterised by chronic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. • Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) has been proposed as a useful biomarker for chronic inflammation and cardiovascular risk in adults. What is New: • Serum suPAR levels were increased in children and adolescents with obesity compared to those with T1DM and healthy controls; thus, obesity may affect the inflammatory status and endothelial function to a higher degree than T1DM during childhood. • Serum suPAR may serve as a diagnostic and predictive marker of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction for children and adolescents with obesity and T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitra Kalavrizioti
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Panagiota Davoulou
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | | | - Evangelos Papachristou
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Dimitrios S Goumenos
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Gabriel Dimitriou
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Marios Papasotiriou
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece.
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Starnberg J, Renström L. Scoping review showed that obesity prevention in Nordic countries had limited effects on children from birth to 7 years of age. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:912-922. [PMID: 37988200 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this scoping review was to map and summarise clinical trials that attempted to prevent obesity in children from birth to 7 years of age in any of the Nordic countries. METHODS PubMed, CINAHL Plus and clinicaltrials.gov were searched for peer-reviewed papers and registered trials published in English or Swedish. The overall search period was from 1 January 2002 to 13 December 2022. We included randomised and non-randomised trials initiated from birth to 7 years of age that aimed to prevent obesity in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. RESULTS The search resulted in 414 papers and 14 were included. Despite having diverse settings and designs, none of them reported consistently favourable results for anthropometric outcomes, apart from beneficial trends in subgroups with a high body mass index at baseline. Most studies reported temporarily improved dietary patterns. CONCLUSION There is a gap in the current research about how to best prevent obesity in children. We suggest that researchers should focus on risk groups and that interventions that last a number of years are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Starnberg
- Centre for Research and Development, Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
- Centre for Clinical Research, Region Gävleborg and Uppsala University, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Lina Renström
- Centre for Research and Development, Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
- Centre for Clinical Research, Region Gävleborg and Uppsala University, Gävle, Sweden
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Zong X, Kelishadi R, Kim HS, Schwandt P, Matsha TE, Mill JG, Whincup PH, Pacifico L, López-Bermejo A, Caserta CA, Medeiros CCM, Yan WL, Kollias A, Skidmore P, Correia-Costa L, Khadilkar A, Jazi FS, Gong Z, Zhang C, Magnussen CG, Zhao M, Xi B. Utility of waist-to-height ratio, waist circumference and body mass index in predicting clustered cardiometabolic risk factors and subclinical vascular phenotypes in children and adolescents: A pooled analysis of individual data from 14 countries. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:103042. [PMID: 38781718 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.103042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The clinical utility of waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in predicting cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) and subclinical markers of cardiovascular disease remains controversial. We aimed to compare the utility of WHtR with waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) in identifying children and adolescents (youths) at risk for cardiometabolic outcomes, including clustered CMRFs, high carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and arterial stiffness (assessed as high pulse wave velocity, PWV). METHODS We analyzed data from 34,224 youths (51.0 % boys, aged 6-18 years) with CMRFs, 5004 (49.5 % boys, aged 6-18 years) with cIMT measurement, and 3100 (56.4 % boys, aged 6-17 years) with PWV measurement from 20 pediatric samples across 14 countries. RESULTS WHtR, WC, and BMI z-scores had similar performance in discriminating youths with ≥3 CMRFs, with the area under the curve (AUC) (95 % confidence interval, CI)) ranging from 0.77 (0.75-0.78) to 0.78 (0.76-0.80) using the modified National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) definition, and from 0.77 (0.74-0.79) to 0.77 (0.74-0.80) using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition. Similarly, all three measures showed similar performance in discriminating youths with subclinical vascular outcomes, with AUC (95 % CI) ranging from 0.67 (0.64-0.71) to 0.70 (0.66-0.73) for high cIMT (≥P95 values) and from 0.60 (0.58-0.66) to 0.62 (0.58-0.66) for high PWV (≥P95 values). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that WHtR, WC, and BMI are equally effective in identifying at-risk youths across diverse pediatric populations worldwide. Given its simplicity and ease of use, WHtR could be a preferable option for quickly screening youths with increased cardiometabolic risk in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin'nan Zong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Growth and Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hae Soon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Peter Schwandt
- Atherosclerosis Prevention Institute, Munich-Nuremberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Tandi E Matsha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jose G Mill
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Peter H Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Lucia Pacifico
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Salt, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Carmelo Antonio Caserta
- Associazione Calabrese Di Epatologia - Medicina Solidale - A.C.E. ETS, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | | | - Wei-Li Yan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anastasios Kollias
- Hypertension Center STRIDE-7, School of Medicine, Third Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Paula Skidmore
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Liane Correia-Costa
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto & Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal; CAC ICBAS-CHP - Centro Académico Clínico Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Khadilkar
- Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Pune, India
| | | | - Zhuo Gong
- School of Public Health, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Bo Xi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Kiran A, Shah NA, Khan SM, Ahmed H, Kamran M, Yousafzai BK, Ahmad Z, Yoo S, Han H, Alasqah I, Raposo A. Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding the relationship of obesity with diabetes among the general community of Pakistan. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29081. [PMID: 38644838 PMCID: PMC11033058 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the influence of knowledge, attitude, and practices assessment on diabetes related to obesity in Pakistani society. Data was collected both through door to door and online survey approaches from 518 participants by using a pre-validated questionnaire. A total of 15.6% were underweight, 61.2% were normal weight, 17.2% were overweight and 5.8% were in obesity class I and 2.9% were classified as obesity class II. The co-occurrence of obesity and diabetes was 29% (n = 22) among diabetic individuals (n = 84). A majority of the residents (59.1%) were from cities. While 94% of the participants responded to what obesity was, 83.8% knew what diabetes was. Fast food, soft drinks, and mayonnaise were deemed to be healthy by 75.1% of the respondents. Obesity was viewed as a disease by 94.8%, a major health issue by 78.2%, and a weight-loss necessity by 44.6% of participants. Only 24.9% exercised every day, and 23.9% engaged in any physical activity daily. The majority of respondents (50.6%) never tried to lose weight and 23.2% ate junk food daily. The sociodemographic variables showed that the age ranges of 25-34 years (P < 0.001; OR 0.531), 45-54 years (P < 0.05; OR 0.527), and urban residency (P < 0.001; OR 0.128) had a significant association with knowledge. The factors of urban residency (P < 0.001; OR 3.996), being unmarried (P < 0.001; OR 1.95), and having an income of 51,000-70,000 (P < 0.001; OR 11.29) showed a very highly significant association with a good attitude regarding the relationship of obesity with diabetes (P < 0.05). Similarly, practices of the participants showed significant association with BMI range of 18.5-24.9 and 25-29.9 (P < 0.001). Our study revealed significant knowledge and understanding of the relationship between obesity with diabetes. However, it was observed that majority of respondents exhibited fundamental knowledge regarding obesity and diabetes, there was a notable absence of understanding regarding crucial elements, such as the significance of maintaining a healthy body weight, participating in physical activity, and implementing appropriate dietary strategies for weight control. We recognize the necessity for education initiatives and strongly encourage them to assist individuals in managing diabetes resulting from obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arooj Kiran
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naseer Ali Shah
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shujaul Mulk Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences Islamabad, Pakistan
- International Society of Ethnobiology, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Haroon Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sunghoon Yoo
- Hanmoo Convention (Oakwood Premier), 49, Teheran-ro 87-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06164, South Korea
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Ibrahim Alasqah
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, P.O. Box 6666, Saudi Arabia
- School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024, Lisboa, Portugal
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Middelkoop K, Micklesfield L, Stewart J, Walker N, Jolliffe DA, Mendham AE, Coussens AK, Nuttall J, Tang J, Fraser WD, Momand W, Cooper C, Harvey NC, Wilkinson RJ, Bekker LG, Martineau AR. Influence of vitamin D supplementation on growth, body composition, pubertal development and spirometry in South African schoolchildren: a randomised controlled trial (ViDiKids). BMJ Paediatr Open 2024; 8:e002495. [PMID: 38599800 PMCID: PMC11015302 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2024-002495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether weekly oral vitamin D supplementation influences growth, body composition, pubertal development or spirometric outcomes in South African schoolchildren. DESIGN Phase 3 double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial. SETTING Socioeconomically disadvantaged peri-urban district of Cape Town, South Africa. PARTICIPANTS 1682 children of black African ancestry attending government primary schools and aged 6-11 years at baseline. INTERVENTIONS Oral vitamin D3 (10 000 IU/week) versus placebo for 3 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Height-for-age and body mass index-for-age, measured in all participants; Tanner scores for pubertal development, spirometric lung volumes and body composition, measured in a subset of 450 children who additionally took part in a nested substudy. RESULTS Mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentration at 3-year follow-up was higher among children randomised to receive vitamin D versus placebo (104.3 vs 64.7 nmol/L, respectively; mean difference (MD) 39.7 nmol/L, 95% CI 37.6 to 41.9 nmol/L). No statistically significant differences in height-for-age z-score (adjusted MD (aMD) -0.08, 95% CI -0.19 to 0.03) or body mass index-for-age z-score (aMD -0.04, 95% CI -0.16 to 0.07) were seen between vitamin D versus placebo groups at follow-up. Among substudy participants, allocation to vitamin D versus placebo did not influence pubertal development scores, % predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), % predicted forced vital capacity (FVC), % predicted FEV1/FVC, fat mass or fat-free mass. CONCLUSIONS Weekly oral administration of 10 000 IU vitamin D3 boosted vitamin D status but did not influence growth, body composition, pubertal development or spirometric outcomes in South African schoolchildren. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02880982, South African National Clinical Trials Register DOH-27-0916-5527.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Middelkoop
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lisa Micklesfield
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Justine Stewart
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Neil Walker
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David A Jolliffe
- Blizard Institiute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Amy E Mendham
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anna K Coussens
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Nuttall
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Tang
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - William D Fraser
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Waheedullah Momand
- Blizard Institiute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Linda-Gail Bekker
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adrian R Martineau
- Blizard Institiute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Tan X, Tan PY, Gong YY, Moore JB. Overnutrition is a risk factor for iron, but not for zinc or vitamin A deficiency in children and young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e015135. [PMID: 38599666 PMCID: PMC11015307 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2024-015135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traditionally associated with undernutrition, increasing evidence suggests micronutrient deficiencies can coexist with overnutrition. Therefore, this work aimed to systematically review the associations between iron, zinc and vitamin A (VA) status and weight status (both underweight and overweight) in children and young people. METHODS Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Scopus and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for observational studies assessing micronutrient status (blood, serum or plasma levels of iron, zinc or VA biomarkers) and weight status (body mass index or other anthropometric measurement) in humans under 25 years of any ethnicity and gender. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using the American Dietetic Association Quality Criteria Checklist. Where possible, random effects restricted maximum likelihood meta-analyses were performed. RESULTS After screening, 83 observational studies involving 190 443 participants from 44 countries were identified, with many studies having reported on more than one micronutrient and/or weight status indicator. Iron was the most investigated micronutrient, with 46, 28 and 27 studies reporting data for iron, zinc and VA status, respectively. Synthesising 16 records of OR from seven eligible studies, overnutrition (overweight and obesity) increased odds of iron deficiency (ID) (OR (95% CI): 1.51 (1.20 to 1.82), p<0.0001, I2=40.7%). Odds appeared to be higher for children living with obesity (1.88 (1.33 to 2.43), p<0.0001, I2=20.6%) in comparison to those with overweight (1.31 (0.98 to 1.64), p<0.0001, I2=40.5%), although between group differences were not significant (p=0.08). CONCLUSIONS Overnutrition is associated with increased risk of ID, but not zinc or VA deficiencies, with an inverted U-shaped relationship observed between iron status and bodyweight. Our results highlight significant heterogeneity in the reporting of micronutrient biomarkers and how deficiencies were defined. Inflammation status was rarely adequately accounted for, and the burden of ID may well be under-recognised, particularly in children and young people living with overnutrition. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020221523.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomian Tan
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Pui Yee Tan
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Yun Yun Gong
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - J Bernadette Moore
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
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Tello B, Ocaña J, García-Zambrano P, Enríque-Moreira B, Dueñas-Espín I. Determinants of overweight and obesity among children between 5 to 11 years in Ecuador: A secondary analysis from the National Health Survey 2018. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296538. [PMID: 38578761 PMCID: PMC10997090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the 1990s, global eating habits changed, affecting poorer and middle-income nations, as well as richer countries. This shift, known as the "obesity transition," led to more people becoming overweight or obese worldwide. In Ecuador, this change is happening, and now, one in three children is affected by overweight or obesity (OW/OB). This study explores the links between social, economic, and demographic factors and childhood obesity in Ecuador, seeking to provide insights for shaping future health policies in response to this intricate shift. METHODS A cross-sectional study using 2018 National Health and Nutrition Survey data from Ecuador. Weighted percentages were computed, and odds ratios for OW/OB unadjusted and adjusted for each category of explanatory variables were estimated using multilevel multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS Among 10,807 Ecuadorian school children aged 5 to 11, the prevalence of OW/OB was 36.0%. Males exhibited 1.26 times higher odds than females (95% CI: 1.20 to 1.33), and each additional year of age increased the odds by 1.10 times (95% CI: 1.09 to 1.10). Economic quintiles indicated increased odds (1.17 to 1.39) from the 2nd to 5th quintile (the richest) compared with the first quintile (the poorest). Larger household size slightly reduced odds of OW/OB (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.91 to 0.95), while regular physical activity decreased odds ([aOR] = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.75 to 0.82). The consumption of school-provided meals showed a non-significant reduction (aOR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.82 to 1.06). Children from families recognizing and using processed food labels had a higher likelihood of being overweight or obese (aOR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.26). CONCLUSION Age, male gender, and higher economic quintile increase OW/OB in Ecuadorian school children. Larger households and physical activity slightly decrease risks. Ecuador needs policies for healthy schools and homes, focusing on health, protection, and good eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betzabé Tello
- Center for Research in Health in Latin America CISeAL, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - José Ocaña
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paúl García-Zambrano
- Postgrado de Medicina Familiar, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Betsabé Enríque-Moreira
- Postgrado de Medicina Familiar, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Iván Dueñas-Espín
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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Garnweidner-Holme L, Frivold Y, Max G, Fjæra K, Fostervold Mathisen T, Myhrstad MCW. Food and beverage selection in children's sports arenas in Norway: a cross-sectional study. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e115. [PMID: 38571384 PMCID: PMC11036441 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the selection of foods and beverages in children's sports arenas in Norway. DESIGN A cross-sectional study design with a digital questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics were used to present the results. Moreover, Pearson's χ2 tests examined the factors that could aid in distinguishing clubs with healthy or unhealthy consumables. SETTING Children's sports clubs in Norway. PARTICIPANTS Representatives from 301 children's sports clubs in Norway answered the questionnaire between September and November 2021. RESULTS In total, 89·4% of the participating sports clubs (n 301) offered soda drinks with sugar. Most of the sports clubs (88 %) reported to offer batter-based cakes such as pancakes and waffles and 63·8 % offered cakes. Furthermore, 47·5% sold hot dishes with processed meat, such as hamburgers and hot dogs. More than 80% of the sports clubs offered sweets and snacks, while 44·5% did not offer fruits, vegetables and/or berries. Notably, the important factors that distinguished sports clubs with healthier food selections from those with unhealthier selections were the presence of guidelines for the food offered and purchase agreements with food suppliers. CONCLUSIONS Educational, governmental guidelines for the promotion of healthy eating and establishing agreements with suppliers of healthier foods could help to overcome barriers to unhealthy food selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Garnweidner-Holme
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences,
P.O. 4, St. Olavs Plass, Metropolitan University, 0130
Oslo, Norway
| | - Yngvild Frivold
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences,
P.O. 4, St. Olavs Plass, Metropolitan University, 0130
Oslo, Norway
| | - Gigja Max
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences,
P.O. 4, St. Olavs Plass, Metropolitan University, 0130
Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Fjæra
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences,
P.O. 4, St. Olavs Plass, Metropolitan University, 0130
Oslo, Norway
- Greenudge Health AS, Oslo,
Norway
| | | | - Mari Charlotte Wik Myhrstad
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences,
P.O. 4, St. Olavs Plass, Metropolitan University, 0130
Oslo, Norway
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45
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Grammatikopoulou MG, Vassilakou T. Nutrition in Pediatric Patients and Vulnerable Populations: Updates and Advances. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:430. [PMID: 38671646 PMCID: PMC11049479 DOI: 10.3390/children11040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Nutrition is a modifiable factor of paramount importance for the prevention and attainment of health and the development of youngsters [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Grammatikopoulou
- Immunonutrition and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Biopolis Campus, GR-43100 Larissa, Greece
| | - Tonia Vassilakou
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, GR-11521 Athens, Greece
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Marin AG, Filipescu A, Petca A. The Role of Obesity in the Etiology and Carcinogenesis of Endometrial Cancer. Cureus 2024; 16:e59219. [PMID: 38807790 PMCID: PMC11132319 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer, the most common gynecological malignancy, presents a complex public health challenge. While its incidence rises alongside the obesity epidemic, a well-established risk factor for endometrial cancer development, the impact of obesity on survival after diagnosis remains unclear. This review aims to explore the complex relationship between obesity and endometrial cancer's development and survival rates, examining evidence from both epidemiological and clinical studies. It also aims to explore the proposed biological mechanisms by which excess adipose tissue promotes carcinogenesis and contributes to endometrial cancer progression and its negative effects on treatment outcomes. Furthermore, we analyzed the impact of body mass index, inflammation, hormonal imbalances, and their potential effects on endometrial cancer survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandru Filipescu
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Aida Petca
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
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Nikitina IL, Vtornikova NI, Kelmanson IA. Clinical heterogeneity of sleep quality, emotional and behavioral characteristics, and eating habits in adolescents with obesity: A cluster analysis. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:1571-1584. [PMID: 38177526 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the role of sleep quality, emotional and behavioral characteristics, and eating behavior in adolescents with obesity by means of cluster analysis. One hundred ninety-four adolescents (78 girls, 116 boys) aged 12-17 (mean 14.3 ± 2.7) with obesity (ICD-10 code E 66.0) entered the study. The Adolescent Sleep Wake Scale was used to evaluate sleep quality. The Achenbach Youth Self-Report for Ages 11-18 questionnaire was used to evaluate emotional and behavioral disturbances. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire was used to assess maladaptive eating. k-Means cluster analysis was used to clarify heterogeneity. Four clusters were identified: the first included anxious, depressed, socially withdrawn adolescents with thought problems and somatic complaints, non-aggressive, obedient, and having mean values on the sleep quality scale, inclined to restrict their food consumption. The second consisted of rule-breaking youngsters with poor sleep quality, reluctant to restrict their food consumption. The third comprised subjects with the highest values on the sleep quality and lowest values on emotional and behavioral problems, aimed at restricting food consumption. The fourth comprised adolescents with obvious signs of emotional disorders, poorest sleep quality, disinhibited behavior, and emotional and external eating. No statistically significant difference was found between the clusters in sex distribution. Patient allocation to the second or fourth cluster was associated with significantly higher body mass index values, as opposed to the reference third cluster. Conclusion: There is significant variation in teenagers with obesity who have divergent psychological profiles, which should be taken into account. What is Known: • Patients with obesity present with different clinical characteristics. What is New: • Adolescents with obesity may be partitioned into clusters described in terms of emotional, behavioral patterns, including sleep characteristics, and maladaptive eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina L Nikitina
- Department of Children's Diseases With Clinics, Institute for Medical Education of the V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., St. Petersburg, 197341, Russia
| | - Natalia I Vtornikova
- Department of Children's Diseases With Clinics, Institute for Medical Education of the V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., St. Petersburg, 197341, Russia
| | - Igor A Kelmanson
- Department of Children's Diseases With Clinics, Institute for Medical Education of the V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., St. Petersburg, 197341, Russia.
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de Oliveira E Silva AM, Pereira RO, Oliveira AKDS, Harris FS, de Melo ILP, Almeida-Souza TH, Yoshime LT, Dos Santos Melo C, Lopes Dos Santos J, de Andrade-Wartha ERS, Cogliati B, Granato D, Mancini-Filho J. Ameliorative effects of aqueous extract from rosemary on oxidative stress and inflammation pathways caused by a high-fat diet in C57BL/6 mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:459-472. [PMID: 38048548 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Rosemary is an herb exhibits biological properties, attenuates inflammation, oxidative stress, and improves lipid profile. Here, we evaluated the effects of rosemary aqueous extract (RE) on mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6 mice were administered a control diet or HFD for 10 weeks. The treated groups received RE in the diet at different concentrations: 25, 250, and 500 mg/100 g. After 10 weeks, serum concentrations of glucose, lipid, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and cytokines were evaluated and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity was determined. Histological analysis was performed to determine the concentrations of triacylglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, cytokines, and antioxidant enzymes as well as the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The dietary RE ameliorated HFD-induced weight gain, adipose tissue weight, glucose intolerance, and insulin, leptin, and free fatty acid levels. Reduction in hepatic TG deposition was observed. The levels of inflammatory cytokines decreased, and the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism increased. RE mitigated oxidative stress and reduced the production of reactive oxygen species in HepG2 and 3T3-L1 cells. Therefore, RE is a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of inflammation and oxidative stress outcomes associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mara de Oliveira E Silva
- Nutrition Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Raquel Oliveira Pereira
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Santana Harris
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Lipids, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Illana Louise Pereira de Melo
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Lipids, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Tedesco Yoshime
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Lipids, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Dos Santos Melo
- Nutrition Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jymmys Lopes Dos Santos
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Granato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Jorge Mancini-Filho
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Lipids, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vorage L, Vincze L, Tudehope L, Harris N. Effectiveness of Interventions Promoting Dietary Intake, Physical Activity, and Healthy Weight Status of Children in Family Child Care: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 56:242-255. [PMID: 38340129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This systematic review examines the effectiveness of interventions in family child care (FCC) on (1) children's dietary intake, physical activity levels and weight, and (2) FCC health-promoting environments, policies, and practices. Quasi-experimental studies measuring these outcomes were included. METHODS All available articles up to July 2023 were searched using MEDLINE, ERIC, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and A+ Education, and 15 interventions were included. Methodological quality was assessed with the Effective Public Health Practice Project Assessment tool. RESULTS Thirteen studies were weak, and 2 strong in quality. Four interventions included children's dietary intake as an outcome measure, 2 included physical activity, and 3 weight status. Twelve interventions assessed nutrition and 7 physical activity environmental outcomes. DISCUSSION Interventions in FCC improved children's dietary intake, but their impact on physical activity and weight status was inconclusive. Furthermore, positive impacts were observed in environmental outcomes related to nutrition, whereas research on physical activity environmental outcomes was limited. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND PRACTICE Future research could replicate interventions to validate effectiveness and understand positive outcome mechanisms. Future interventions might use FCC stakeholders' input, incorporate innovative physical activity components, enhance FCC providers' position as role models, involve parents, and target those groups that are at a high risk of being obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke Vorage
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Lisa Vincze
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lucy Tudehope
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Neil Harris
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Park J, Kim OY. Macronutrients modified dietary intervention in the management of overweight/obese children and adolescents: a systematic review. Clin Exp Pediatr 2024; 67:191-200. [PMID: 37448128 PMCID: PMC10990656 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2023.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity in adults and children is rapidly increasing worldwide. Obesity is among the main causes of chronic diseases and various problems, including economic consequences and they can also be affected by genetic, environmental, psychological, and socioeconomic factors. Dietary modification is a well-known and important factor in weight control, in particular, dietary macronutrient composition, food selection, dietary patterns, and energy restriction can affect weight reduction. Therefore, this systematic review aims to provide basic evidence for identifying the optimal macronutrient composition for managing obesity in Korean children and adolescents. We searched literature through an international database, studies were selected using our eligibility criteria and quality was assessed via a risk of bias tool. In our results, several studies have demonstrated that dietary macronutrient modifications affect body composition and metabolic markers in children and adolescents. In contrast, hypocaloric diets, regardless of macronutrient composition, are reportedly effective for weight loss in obese children. However, these findings were based on intervention studies that examined the association between dietary macronutrient composition and obesity in non-Korean children and adolescents. Therefore, in the future, more intervention studies are needed to elucidate this relationship and evidence between macronutrients and obesity in Korean children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Park
- Clinical Nutrition Major, Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Oh Yoen Kim
- Clinical Nutrition Major, Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
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