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Zhang Z, Qu Y, Ma F, Lv Q, Zhu X, Guo G, Li M, Yang W, Que B, Zhang Y, He T, Qiu X, Deng H, Song J, Liu Q, Wang B, Ke Y, Bai S, Li J, Lv L, Li R, Wang K, Li H, Feng H, Huang J, Yang W, Zhou Y, Song CP. Integrating high-throughput phenotyping and genome-wide association studies for enhanced drought resistance and yield prediction in wheat. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38992951 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Drought, especially terminal drought, severely limits wheat growth and yield. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind the drought response in wheat is essential for developing drought-resistant varieties. This study aimed to dissect the genetic architecture and high-yielding wheat ideotypes under terminal drought. An automated high-throughput phenotyping platform was used to examine 28 392 image-based digital traits (i-traits) under different drought conditions during the flowering stage of a natural wheat population. Of the i-traits examined, 17 073 were identified as drought-related. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 5320 drought-related significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 27 SNP clusters. A notable hotspot region controlling wheat drought tolerance was discovered, in which TaPP2C6 was shown to be an important negative regulator of the drought response. The tapp2c6 knockout lines exhibited enhanced drought resistance without a yield penalty. A haplotype analysis revealed a favored allele of TaPP2C6 that was significantly correlated with drought resistance, affirming its potential value in wheat breeding programs. We developed an advanced prediction model for wheat yield and drought resistance using 24 i-traits analyzed by machine learning. In summary, this study provides comprehensive insights into the high-yielding ideotype and an approach for the rapid breeding of drought-resistant wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yunfeng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Feifei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qian Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Guanghui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Beibei Que
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Tiantian He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xiaolong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Hui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jingyan Song
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Baoqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Youlong Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Shenglong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jingyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Linlin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Ranzhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Hui Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Wanneng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Ave 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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Ebrahimi P, Bayram I, Lante A, Decker EA. Acid-hydrolyzed phenolic extract of parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) leaves inhibits lipid oxidation in soybean oil-in-water emulsions. Food Res Int 2024; 187:114452. [PMID: 38763687 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The antioxidant activity of the natural phenolic extracts is limited in particular food systems due to the existence of phenolic compounds in glycoside form. Acid hydrolysis post-treatment could be a tool to convert the glycosidic polyphenols in the extracts to aglycones. Therefore, this research investigated the effects of an acid hydrolysis post-treatment on the composition and antioxidant activity of parsley extracts obtained by an ultrasound-assisted extraction method to delay lipid oxidation in a real food system (i.e., soybean oil-in-water emulsion). Acid hydrolysis conditions were varied to maximize total phenolic content (TPC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. When extracts were exposed to 0.6 M HCl for 2 h at 80 ℃, TPC was 716.92 ± 24.43 µmol gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L, and DPPH radical scavenging activity was 66.89 ± 1.63 %. Not only did acid hydrolysis increase the concentrations of individual polyphenols, but it also resulted in the release of new phenolics such as myricetin and gallic acid. The extract's metal chelating and ferric-reducing activity increased significantly after acid hydrolysis. In soybean oil-in-water emulsion containing a TPC of 400 µmol GAE/L, the acid-hydrolyzed extract had an 11-day lag phase for headspace hexanal compared to the 6-day lag phase of unhydrolyzed extract. The findings indicated that the conversion of glycosidic polyphenols to aglycones in phenolic extracts can help extend the shelf-life of emulsion-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Ebrahimi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment-DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Ipek Bayram
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Anna Lante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment-DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
| | - Eric A Decker
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
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3
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Yildiz AY, Echegaray N, Öztekin S, Lorenzo JM. Quality and stability of frying oils and fried foods in ultrasound and microwave-assisted frying processes and hybrid technologies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13405. [PMID: 39030791 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Frying is a popular cooking method that produces delicious and crispy foods but can also lead to oil degradation and the formation of health-detrimental compounds in the dishes. Chemical reactions such as oxidation, hydrolysis, and polymerization contribute to these changes. In this context, emerging technologies like ultrasound-assisted frying (USF) and microwave (MW)-assisted frying show promise in enhancing the quality and stability of frying oils and fried foods. This review examines the impact of these innovative technologies, delving into the principles of these processes, their influence on the chemical composition of oils, and their implications for the overall quality of fried food products with a focus on reducing oil degradation and enhancing the nutritional and sensory properties of the fried food. Additionally, the article initially addresses the various reactions occurring in oils during the frying process and their influencing factors. The advantages and challenges of USF and MW-assisted frying are also highlighted in comparison to traditional frying methods, demonstrating how these innovative techniques have the potential to improve the quality and stability of oils and fried foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noemí Echegaray
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
| | - Sebahat Öztekin
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
| | - José Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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Mahmood Ur Rehman M, Liu J, Nijabat A, Alsudays IM, Saleh MA, Alamer KH, Attia H, Ziaf K, Zaman QU, Amjad M. Seed priming with potassium nitrate alleviates the high temperature stress by modulating growth and antioxidant potential in carrot seeds and seedlings. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:606. [PMID: 38926658 PMCID: PMC11201870 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Early season carrot (Daucus carota) production is being practiced in Punjab, Pakistan to meet the market demand but high temperature hampers the seed germination and seedling establishment which cause marked yield reduction. Seed priming with potassium nitrate breaks the seed dormancy and improves the seed germination and seedling growth potential but effects vary among the species and ecological conditions. The mechanism of KNO3 priming in high temperature stress tolerance is poorly understood yet. Thus, present study aimed to evaluate high temperature stress tolerance potential of carrot seeds primed with potassium nitrate and impacts on growth, physiological, and antioxidant defense systems. Carrot seeds of a local cultivar (T-29) were primed with various concentration of KNO3 (T0: unprimed (negative control), T1: hydroprimed (positive control), T2: 50 mM, T3:100mM, T4: 150 mM, T5: 200 mM, T6: 250 mM and T7: 300 mM) for 12 h each in darkness at 20 ± 2℃. Seed priming with 50 mM of KNO3 significantly enhanced the seed germination (36%), seedling growth (28%) with maximum seedling vigor (55%) and also exhibited 16.75% more carrot root biomass under high temperature stress as compared to respective control. Moreover, enzymatic activities including peroxidase, catalase, superoxidase dismutase, total phenolic contents, total antioxidants contents and physiological responses of plants were also improved in response to seed priming under high temperature stress. By increasing the level of KNO3, seed germination, growth and root biomass were reduced. These findings suggest that seed priming with 50 mM of KNO3 can be an effective strategy to improve germination, growth and yield of carrot cultivar (T-29) under high temperature stress in early cropping. This study also proposes that KNO3 may induces the stress memory by heritable modulations in chromosomal structure and methylation and acetylation of histones that may upregulate the hormonal and antioxidant activities to enhance the stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mahmood Ur Rehman
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Jizhan Liu
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Aneela Nijabat
- Department of Botany, University of Mianwali, Mianwali, 42200, Pakistan
| | - Ibtisam M Alsudays
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Burydah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneera A Saleh
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid H Alamer
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Houneida Attia
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurram Ziaf
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Qamar Uz Zaman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
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5
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Nayak N, Bhujle RR, Nanje-Gowda N, Chakraborty S, Siliveru K, Subbiah J, Brennan C. Advances in the novel and green-assisted techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from millets: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30921. [PMID: 38784533 PMCID: PMC11112340 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Millets are rich in nutritional and bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and flavonoids, and have the potential to combat malnutrition and various diseases. However, extracting these bioactive compounds can be challenging, as conventional methods are energy-intensive and can lead to thermal degradation. Green-assisted techniques have emerged as promising methods for sustainable and efficient extraction. This review explores recent trends in employing green-assisted techniques for extracting bioactive compounds from millets, and potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The objective is to evaluate and comprehend the parameters involved in different extraction methods, including energy efficiency, extraction yield, and the preservation of compound quality. The potential synergies achieved by integrating multiple extraction methods, and optimizing extraction efficiency for millet applications are also discussed. Among several, Ultrasound and Microwave-assisted extraction stand out for their rapidity, although there is a need for further research in the context of minor millets. Enzyme-assisted extraction, with its low energy input and ability to handle complex matrices, holds significant potential. Pulsed electric field-assisted extraction, despite being a non-thermal approach, requires further optimization for millet-specific applications, are few highlights. The review emphasizes the importance of considering specific compound characteristics, extraction efficiency, purity requirements, and operational costs when selecting an ideal technique. Ongoing research aims to optimize novel extraction processes for millets and their byproducts, offering promising applications in the development of millet-based nutraceutical food products. Therefore, the current study benefits researchers and industries to advance extraction research and develop efficient, sustainable, and scalable techniques to extract bioactive compounds from millets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Nayak
- Department of Food Technology, Jain Deemed-to-be University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohan Rajendraji Bhujle
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - N.A. Nanje-Gowda
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, AR, USA
| | - Snehasis Chakraborty
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Kaliramesh Siliveru
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jeyamkondan Subbiah
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, AR, USA
| | - Charles Brennan
- STEM College, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
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6
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Bellec L, Hervé MR, Mercier AS, Lenal PA, Faure S, Cortesero AM. A protocol for increased throughput phenotyping of plant resistance to the pollen beetle. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2235-2240. [PMID: 36309935 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving crop resistance to insect herbivores is a major research objective in breeding programs. Although genomic technologies have increased the speed at which large populations can be genotyped, breeding programs still suffer from phenotyping constraints. The pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus) is a major pest of oilseed rape for which no resistant cultivar is available to date, but previous studies have highlighted the potential of white mustard as a source of resistance and introgression of this resistance appears to be a promising strategy. Here we present a phenotyping protocol allowing mid-throughput (i.e., increased throughput compared to current methods) acquisition of resistance data, which could then be used for genetic mapping of QTLs. RESULTS Contrasted white mustard genotypes were selected from an initial field screening and then evaluated for their resistance under controlled conditions using a standard phenotyping method on entire plants. We then upgraded this protocol for mid-throughput phenotyping, by testing two alternative methods. We found that phenotyping on detached buds did not provide the same resistance contrasts as observed with the standard protocol, in contrast to the phenotyping protocol with miniaturized plants. This protocol was then tested on a large panel composed of hundreds of plants. A significant variation in resistance among genotypes was observed, which validates the large-scale application of this new phenotyping protocol. CONCLUSION The combination of this mid-throughput phenotyping protocol and white mustard as a source of resistance against the pollen beetle offers a promising avenue for breeding programs aiming to improve oilseed rape resistance. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bellec
- IGEPP-UMR 1349, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- Innolea, 6 Chemin de Panedautes, Mondonville, France
| | - Maxime R Hervé
- IGEPP-UMR 1349, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes 1, Rennes, France
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7
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Vidhyalakshmi R, Prabhasankar P, Muthukumar SP, Prathima C, Meera MS. The impact of addition of pearl millet starch-germ complex in white bread on nutritional, textural, structural, and glycaemic response: Single blinded randomized controlled trial in healthy and pre-diabetic participants. Food Res Int 2024; 183:114186. [PMID: 38760125 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The rise of pre-diabetes at the global level has created a significant interest in developing low glycaemic index food products. The pearl millet is a cheaper source of starch and its germ contains significant amount of protein and fat. The complexing of pearl millet starch and germ by dry heat treatment (PMSGH) resulted an increase in the resistant starch content upto 45.09 % due to formation of amylose-glutelin-linoleic acid complex. The resulting pearl millet starch germ complex was incorporated into wheat bread at 20, 25, and 30 %. The PMSGH incorporated into bread at 30 % reduced the glycaemic index to 52.31. The PMSGH incorporated bread had significantly (p < 0.05)increased in the hardness with a reduction in springiness and cohesiveness. The structural attributes of the 30 % PMSGH incorporated bread revealed a significant (p < 0.05)increase in 1040/1020 cm-1 ratio and relative crystallinity. The consumption of functional bread incorporated with pearl millet starch germ complex reduced blood glucose levels and in vivo glycaemic index in healthy and pre-diabetic participants when compared to white bread. Hence, the study showed that the incorporation of pearl millet starch-germ complex into food products could be a potential new and healthier approach for improving dietary options in pre-diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vidhyalakshmi
- Department of Grain Science and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pichan Prabhasankar
- Department of Flour Milling, Baking, and Confectionery Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - S P Muthukumar
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - C Prathima
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka 570015, India
| | - M S Meera
- Department of Grain Science and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Tariq A, Sardans J, Zeng F, Graciano C, Hughes AC, Farré-Armengol G, Peñuelas J. Impact of aridity rise and arid lands expansion on carbon-storing capacity, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem services. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17292. [PMID: 38634556 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Drylands, comprising semi-arid, arid, and hyperarid regions, cover approximately 41% of the Earth's land surface and have expanded considerably in recent decades. Even under more optimistic scenarios, such as limiting global temperature rise to 1.5°C by 2100, semi-arid lands may increase by up to 38%. This study provides an overview of the state-of-the-art regarding changing aridity in arid regions, with a specific focus on its effects on the accumulation and availability of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in plant-soil systems. Additionally, we summarized the impacts of rising aridity on biodiversity, service provisioning, and feedback effects on climate change across scales. The expansion of arid ecosystems is linked to a decline in C and nutrient stocks, plant community biomass and diversity, thereby diminishing the capacity for recovery and maintaining adequate water-use efficiency by plants and microbes. Prolonged drought led to a -3.3% reduction in soil organic carbon (SOC) content (based on 148 drought-manipulation studies), a -8.7% decrease in plant litter input, a -13.0% decline in absolute litter decomposition, and a -5.7% decrease in litter decomposition rate. Moreover, a substantial positive feedback loop with global warming exists, primarily due to increased albedo. The loss of critical ecosystem services, including food production capacity and water resources, poses a severe challenge to the inhabitants of these regions. Increased aridity reduces SOC, nutrient, and water content. Aridity expansion and intensification exacerbate socio-economic disparities between economically rich and least developed countries, with significant opportunities for improvement through substantial investments in infrastructure and technology. By 2100, half the world's landmass may become dryland, characterized by severe conditions marked by limited C, N, and P resources, water scarcity, and substantial loss of native species biodiversity. These conditions pose formidable challenges for maintaining essential services, impacting human well-being and raising complex global and regional socio-political challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Tariq
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Corina Graciano
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alice C Hughes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gerard Farré-Armengol
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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Bernád V, Al-Tamimi N, Langan P, Gillespie G, Dempsey T, Henchy J, Harty M, Ramsay L, Houston K, Macaulay M, Shaw PD, Raubach S, Mcdonnel KP, Russell J, Waugh R, Khodaeiaminjan M, Negrão S. Unlocking the genetic diversity and population structure of the newly introduced two-row spring European HerItage Barley collecTion (ExHIBiT). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1268847. [PMID: 38571708 PMCID: PMC10987740 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1268847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
In the last century, breeding programs have traditionally favoured yield-related traits, grown under high-input conditions, resulting in a loss of genetic diversity and an increased susceptibility to stresses in crops. Thus, exploiting understudied genetic resources, that potentially harbour tolerance genes, is vital for sustainable agriculture. Northern European barley germplasm has been relatively understudied despite its key role within the malting industry. The European Heritage Barley collection (ExHIBiT) was assembled to explore the genetic diversity in European barley focusing on Northern European accessions and further address environmental pressures. ExHIBiT consists of 363 spring-barley accessions, focusing on two-row type. The collection consists of landraces (~14%), old cultivars (~18%), elite cultivars (~67%) and accessions with unknown breeding history (~1%), with 70% of the collection from Northern Europe. The population structure of the ExHIBiT collection was subdivided into three main clusters primarily based on the accession's year of release using 26,585 informative SNPs based on 50k iSelect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array data. Power analysis established a representative core collection of 230 genotypically and phenotypically diverse accessions. The effectiveness of this core collection for conducting statistical and association analysis was explored by undertaking genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using 24,876 SNPs for nine phenotypic traits, four of which were associated with SNPs. Genomic regions overlapping with previously characterised flowering genes (HvZTLb) were identified, demonstrating the utility of the ExHIBiT core collection for locating genetic regions that determine important traits. Overall, the ExHIBiT core collection represents the high level of untapped diversity within Northern European barley, providing a powerful resource for researchers and breeders to address future climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Villő Bernád
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nadia Al-Tamimi
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick Langan
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gary Gillespie
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Timothy Dempsey
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joey Henchy
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Harty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luke Ramsay
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly Houston
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Macaulay
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D. Shaw
- Department of Information and Computational Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Raubach
- Department of Information and Computational Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin P. Mcdonnel
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biosystems Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanne Russell
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Robbie Waugh
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sónia Negrão
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Beltrão-Nunes AP, Pires M, Roy R, Azzouz A. Surface Basicity and Hydrophilic Character of Coal Ash-Derived Zeolite NaP1 Modified by Fatty Acids. Molecules 2024; 29:768. [PMID: 38398520 PMCID: PMC10891618 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Zeolite NaP1 was found to display the highest affinity for CO2 in preliminary modifications of coal fly ash-derived zeolites (4A, Y, NaP1 and X) by four amines (1,3-diaminopropane, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine and ethylenediamine). In the second step, different fatty acid loaded NaP1 samples were prepared using palmitic, oleic and lauric acids. CO2 and H2O thermal programmed desorption (TPD) revealed changes in intrinsic basicity and hydrophilic character, expressed in terms of CO2 and H2O retention capacity (CRC and WRC, respectively). Infrared spectroscopy (IR), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and scanning electron microscopy allowed for correlating these changes with the type of interactions between the incorporated species and the zeolite surface. The highest CRC values and the lowest CO2 desorption temperatures were registered for NaP1 with the optimum content in palmitic acid (PA) and were explained in terms of the shading effect of surface acidity by the rise of basic Na+-palmitate salt upon cation exchange. The amine/fatty acid combination was found to paradoxically mitigate this beneficial effect of PA incorporation. These results are of great interest because they demonstrate that fatty acid incorporation is an interesting strategy for reversible CO2 capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Paola Beltrão-Nunes
- Nanoqam, Department of Chemistry, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (A.-P.B.-N.); (R.R.)
- Graduation Program on Engineering and Technology of Materials, School of Technology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Marçal Pires
- Graduation Program on Engineering and Technology of Materials, School of Technology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil
| | - René Roy
- Nanoqam, Department of Chemistry, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (A.-P.B.-N.); (R.R.)
| | - Abdelkrim Azzouz
- Nanoqam, Department of Chemistry, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (A.-P.B.-N.); (R.R.)
- Station Expérimentale des Procédés Pilotes en Environnement, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
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11
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Parasher M, Pandey DK, Manhas RK. Traditionally used anti-diabetic plants in Kathua district of Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117087. [PMID: 37683931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhvi Parasher
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India; Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College, Marh, 181206, Jammu, JKUT, India.
| | - Devendra Kumar Pandey
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - R K Manhas
- Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College, Basohli, 184201, JKUT, India.
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12
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Singh S, Sharma H, Ramankutty R, Ramaswamy S. Review on Nutritional Potential of Underutilized Millets as a Miracle Grain. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1082-1098. [PMID: 37861015 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010248721230921093208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The current situation, which includes changes in eating habits, an increasing population, and the unrestricted use of natural resources, has resulted in a lack of resources that could be used to provide nourishing food to everyone. Natural plant resources are quickly being depleted, so it is necessary to consider new alternatives. In addition to the staple grains of rice and wheat, many other crops are being consumed that need to be utilized to their full potential and have the potential to replace the staple crops. Millets are one of the most important underutilized crops that have the potential to be used as a nutricereal. Millets have a high nutritional value, do not produce acids, do not contain gluten, and can contribute to a healthy diet. Due to a lack of awareness regarding the nutritional value of millets, their consumption is still restricted to the population that adheres to conventional diets and is economically disadvantaged even though millets contain a significant amount of nutrients. Millets are becoming increasingly unpopular due to a lack of processing technologies, food subsidies, and the inconvenience of preparing food with millets. Millets are a Nutricereal rich in carbohydrates, dietary fibers, energy, essential fatty acids, proteins, vitamin B, and minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and zinc. These nutrients help to protect against post-translational diseases such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and celiac disease, among others. Millets are beneficial for controlling blood pressure, blood sugar level, and thyroid function; however, despite these functional properties, millets consumption has declined. Utilizing millets and other staple food crops to develop alternative food sources has become a new area of focus for businesses in the food industry. In addition, millet consumption can help foster immunity and health, which is essential in strengthening our fight against malnutrition in children and adolescents. In this article, the authors examine the potential of millets in terms of their nutricereal qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University Mathura, U.P: 281406, India
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- Department of Computer Engineering & Applications, GLA University Mathura, U.P: 281406, India
| | | | - Sarada Ramaswamy
- Datha Ayuryoga International Health Institute, D.O.O, Podgorica, Montenegro
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13
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Ramzan M, Jamshaid T, Ali L, Dawar K, Saba R, Jamshaid U, Fahad S, Salmen SH, Ansari MJ, Danish S, Hareem M, Saif H, Shahzad K. Modulation of sunflower growth via regulation of antioxidants, oil content and gas exchange by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and quantum dot biochar under chromium stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:629. [PMID: 38062351 PMCID: PMC10704615 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) toxicity significantly threatens sunflower growth and productivity by interfering with enzymatic activity and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Zinc quantum dot biochar (ZQDB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have become popular to resolve this issue. AMF can facilitate root growth, while biochar tends to minimize Cr mobility in soil. The current study aimed to explore AMF and ZQDB combined effects on sunflower plants in response to Cr toxicity. Four treatments were applied, i.e. NoAMF + NoZQDB, AMF + 0.40%ZQDB, AMF + 0.80%ZQDB, and AMF + 1.20%ZQDB, under different stress levels of Cr, i.e. no Cr (control), 150 and 200 mg Cr/kg soil. Results showed that AMF + 1.20%ZQDB was the treatment that caused the greatest improvement in plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, number of leaves per plant, achenes per head, 1000 achenes weight, achene yield, biological yield, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content and oleic acid, relative to the condition NoAMF + No ZQDB at 200 mg Cr/kg soil. A significant decline in peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) while improvement in ascorbate peroxidase (APx), oil content, and protein content further supported the effectiveness of AMF + 1.20%ZQDB against Cr toxicity. Our results suggest that the treatment AMF + 1.20%ZQDB can efficiently alleviate Cr stress in sunflowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musarrat Ramzan
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Talha Jamshaid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Cholistan institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Khadim Dawar
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Saba
- Department of Biological Science, University of Thal Bhakkar, Bhakkar, Pakistan
| | - Usama Jamshaid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Des Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Saleh H Salmen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (MJP Rohilkhand University Bareilly), Moradabad, 244001, India
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Misbah Hareem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The Woman University Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hina Saif
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The Woman University Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Khurrum Shahzad
- Department of Soil Science, Water and Marine Sciences, Lasbela university of Agriculture, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan
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14
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Jabbour Y, Hakim MS, Al-Yossef A, Saleh MM, Shaaban ASAD, Kabbaj H, Zaïm M, Kleinerman C, Bassi FM. Genomic regions involved in the control of 1,000-kernel weight in wild relative-derived populations of durum wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1297131. [PMID: 38098797 PMCID: PMC10720367 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1297131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Terminal drought is one of the most common and devastating climatic stress factors affecting durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) production worldwide. The wild relatives of this crop are deemed a vast potential source of useful alleles to adapt to this stress. A nested association mapping (NAM) panel was generated using as a recurrent parent the Moroccan variety 'Nachit' derived from Triticum dicoccoides and known for its large grain size. This was recombined to three top-performing lines derived from T. dicoccoides, T. araraticum, and Aegilops speltoides, for a total of 426 inbred progenies. This NAM was evaluated across eight environments (Syria, Lebanon, and Morocco) experiencing different degrees of terminal moisture stress over two crop seasons. Our results showed that drought stress caused on average 41% loss in yield and that 1,000-kernel weight (TKW) was the most important trait for adaptation to it. Genotyping with the 25K TraitGenetics array resulted in a consensus map of 1,678 polymorphic SNPs, spanning 1,723 cM aligned to the reference 'Svevo' genome assembly. Kinship distinguished the progenies in three clades matching the parent of origin. A total of 18 stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified as controlling various traits but independent from flowering time. The most significant genomic regions were named Q.ICD.NAM-04, Q.ICD.NAM-14, and Q.ICD.NAM-16. Allelic investigation in a second germplasm panel confirmed that carrying the positive allele at all three loci produced an average TKW advantage of 25.6% when field-tested under drought conditions. The underlying SNPs were converted to Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers and successfully validated in a third germplasm set, where they explained up to 19% of phenotypic variation for TKW under moisture stress. These findings confirm the identification of critical loci for drought adaptation derived from wild relatives that can now be readily exploited via molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaman Jabbour
- Field Crop Department, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
- General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Field Crop Department, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Mohammad Shafik Hakim
- Field Crop Department, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Abdallah Al-Yossef
- General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Field Crop Department, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Maysoun M. Saleh
- General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Genetic Resources Department, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ahmad Shams Al-Dien Shaaban
- Biotechnology Engineering Department, Faculty of Technological Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Hafssa Kabbaj
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Biodiversity and Crop Improvement, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Meryem Zaïm
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Biodiversity and Crop Improvement, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Charles Kleinerman
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Biodiversity and Crop Improvement, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Filippo M. Bassi
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Biodiversity and Crop Improvement, Rabat, Morocco
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15
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Leopold J, Prabutzki P, Engel KM, Schiller J. From Oxidized Fatty Acids to Dimeric Species: In Vivo Relevance, Generation and Methods of Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:7850. [PMID: 38067577 PMCID: PMC10708296 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of free fatty acids (FFAs) and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radicals (HO●) or hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is characteristic of inflammatory diseases, for instance, rheumatoid arthritis. Unsaturated fatty acids react with ROS yielding a variety of important products such as peroxides and chlorohydrins as primary and chain-shortened compounds (e.g., aldehydes and carboxylic acids) as secondary products. These modified fatty acids are either released from phospholipids by phospholipases or oxidatively modified subsequent to their release. There is increasing evidence that oligomeric products are also generated upon these processes. Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are considered as very important products, but chlorinated compounds may be converted into dimeric and (with smaller yields) oligomeric products, as well. Our review is structured as follows: first, the different types of FFA oligomers known so far and the mechanisms of their putative generation are explained. Industrially relevant products as well as compounds generated from the frying of vegetable oils are also discussed. Second, the different opinions on whether dimeric fatty acids are considered as "friends" or "foes" are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Leopold
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany; (P.P.); (K.M.E.); (J.S.)
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16
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Pérez L, Pincay R, Salazar D, Flores N, Escolastico C. Evaluation of the Quality and Lipid Content of Artisan Sausages Produced in Tungurahua, Ecuador. Foods 2023; 12:4288. [PMID: 38231746 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The consumption of sausage worldwide increases every year; because of this increase, artisanal products have appeared and are intended to be perceived as natural and healthy. Obesity and cardiovascular diseases associated with consuming meat and meat derivatives have been estimated to be the leading cause of death in several countries. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional quality, lipid content, and presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, contributing to demonstrating the real nutritional value of artisanal sausages produced in Ecuador. Sausages from 10 factories in Ambato, Pelileo, and Píllaro, located in Tungurahua, Ecuador, were evaluated. The pH and acidity, color, proximal, sensory, microbiological, and lipid content were assessed. The pH and acidity showed a slight variation in all of the samples. Proximal analysis (moisture, protein, fat, and ash) established that the artisan sausages did not differ from the type of sausages reported in the literature. Microbiological analyses showed a good microbial quality, and there was no presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteria, molds, or yeasts. The sensory attributes were similar for all of the sausages; the panelists did not notice any strange taste or odor. The lipid content showed that the artisanal sausages contained the highest percentage of palmitic, stearic, elaidic, and linolelaidic fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids were the most prevalent in all of the sausages collected from different locations. The results showed that the nutritional, microbiological, and sensory quality of the artisanal sausages did not show any parameter that would allow them to be classified as different or as having a better nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lander Pérez
- International School of Doctorate, Sciences Doctorate, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- G+ Biofood and Engineering Research Group, Food and Biotechnology Faculty, Technical University of Ambato (UTA), Av. Los Chasquis y Río Payamino, Ambato 180206, Ecuador
| | - Rosa Pincay
- G+ Biofood and Engineering Research Group, Food and Biotechnology Faculty, Technical University of Ambato (UTA), Av. Los Chasquis y Río Payamino, Ambato 180206, Ecuador
| | - Diego Salazar
- G+ Biofood and Engineering Research Group, Food and Biotechnology Faculty, Technical University of Ambato (UTA), Av. Los Chasquis y Río Payamino, Ambato 180206, Ecuador
| | - Nelly Flores
- Research and Development Directorate, Food and Biotechnology Faculty, Technical University of Ambato (UTA), Av. Los Chasquis y Río Payamino, Ambato 180206, Ecuador
| | - Consuelo Escolastico
- International School of Doctorate, Sciences Doctorate, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Wan J, Shahid MS, Yuan J. The Comparative Effects of Supplementing Protease Combined with Carbohydrase Enzymes on the Performance and Egg n-3 Deposition of Laying Hens Fed with Corn-Flaxseed or Wheat-Flaxseed Diets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3510. [PMID: 38003128 PMCID: PMC10668754 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed contains huge quantities of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), which reduce the performance of livestock. Three different protease and multi-carbohydrase enzymes were included in wheat-flaxseed diets (WFD) and corn-flaxseed diets (CFD) to compare their effects on performance, egg n-3 deposition, and fatty acid transporter genes in laying hens. A total of 540, twenty-week-old, Nongda-3 laying hens (DW brown × Hy-line white) were randomly assigned to six dietary groups, including 10% WFD or 10% CFD plus (i) supplemental enzyme A (alkaline protease 40,000 and neutral protease 10,000 (U/g)), (ii) enzyme B (alkaline protease 40,000, neutral protease 10,000, and cellulase 4000 (U/g)), or iii) enzyme C (neutral protease 10,000, xylanase 35,000, β-mannanase 1500, β-glucanase 2000, cellulose 500, amylase 100, and pectinase 10,000 (U/g)). An interaction (p < 0.05) was found for egg mass, hen day of egg production, and feed conversion ratio on the 9-10th week of the experiment. The WFD with enzyme B was associated with the highest egg weight in the 9-10th week. The deposition of total n-3 was superior with WFD (468.22 mg/egg) compared to CFD (397.90 mg/egg), while addition of enzyme C (464.90 mg/egg) resulted in the deposition of more total n-3 compared to enzymes A and B (411.89 and 422.42 mg/egg). The WFD and enzyme C significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and reduced the n-6:n-3 ratio in egg yolk compared to the CFD. The hepatic mRNA expression of liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) (p = 0.006), fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS-1) (p < 0.001), elongase-2 (ELOV-2) (p < 0.001), fatty acid transport protein-1 (FATP1) (p < 0.001), and the intestinal mRNA expression of FATP and FABP genes were increased with WFD compared to CFD. In conclusion, WFD with enzyme C is favorable for optimal performance, results in the deposition of more n-3 and DHA, and increases the expression of fatty acid transporter genes, which helps in n-3 transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Muhammad Suhaib Shahid
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
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Vurro F, Croci M, Impollonia G, Marchetti E, Gracia-Romero A, Bettelli M, Araus JL, Amaducci S, Janni M. Field Plant Monitoring from Macro to Micro Scale: Feasibility and Validation of Combined Field Monitoring Approaches from Remote to in Vivo to Cope with Drought Stress in Tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3851. [PMID: 38005747 PMCID: PMC10674827 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring plant growth and development during cultivation to optimize resource use efficiency is crucial to achieve an increased sustainability of agriculture systems and ensure food security. In this study, we compared field monitoring approaches from the macro to micro scale with the aim of developing novel in vivo tools for field phenotyping and advancing the efficiency of drought stress detection at the field level. To this end, we tested different methodologies in the monitoring of tomato growth under different water regimes: (i) micro-scale (inserted in the plant stem) real-time monitoring with an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT)-based sensor, namely a bioristor, that enables continuous monitoring of the plant; (ii) medium-scale (<1 m from the canopy) monitoring through red-green-blue (RGB) low-cost imaging; (iii) macro-scale multispectral and thermal monitoring using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). High correlations between aerial and proximal remote sensing were found with chlorophyll-related indices, although at specific time points (NDVI and NDRE with GGA and SPAD). The ion concentration and allocation monitored by the index R of the bioristor during the drought defense response were highly correlated with the water use indices (Crop Water Stress Index (CSWI), relative water content (RWC), vapor pressure deficit (VPD)). A high negative correlation was observed with the CWSI and, in turn, with the RWC. Although proximal remote sensing measurements correlated well with water stress indices, vegetation indices provide information about the crop's status at a specific moment. Meanwhile, the bioristor continuously monitors the ion movements and the correlated water use during plant growth and development, making this tool a promising device for field monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Vurro
- Istituto dei Materiali per l’Elettronica e il Magnetismo (IMEM-CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (F.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Michele Croci
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Giorgio Impollonia
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Edoardo Marchetti
- Istituto dei Materiali per l’Elettronica e il Magnetismo (IMEM-CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (F.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Adrian Gracia-Romero
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Agrotecnio—Center for Research in Agrotechnology, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-R.); (J.L.A.)
- Field Crops Program, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), 251981 Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuele Bettelli
- Istituto dei Materiali per l’Elettronica e il Magnetismo (IMEM-CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (F.V.); (M.B.)
| | - José Luis Araus
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Agrotecnio—Center for Research in Agrotechnology, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-R.); (J.L.A.)
| | - Stefano Amaducci
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Michela Janni
- Istituto dei Materiali per l’Elettronica e il Magnetismo (IMEM-CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (F.V.); (M.B.)
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Esposito S, Vitale P, Taranto F, Saia S, Pecorella I, D'Agostino N, Rodriguez M, Natoli V, De Vita P. Simultaneous improvement of grain yield and grain protein concentration in durum wheat by using association tests and weighted GBLUP. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:242. [PMID: 37947927 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Simultaneous improvement for GY and GPC by using GWAS and GBLUP suggested a significant application in durum wheat breeding. Despite the importance of grain protein concentration (GPC) in determining wheat quality, its negative correlation with grain yield (GY) is still one of the major challenges for breeders. Here, a durum wheat panel of 200 genotypes was evaluated for GY, GPC, and their derived indices (GPD and GYD), under eight different agronomic conditions. The plant material was genotyped with the Illumina 25 k iSelect array, and a genome-wide association study was performed. Two statistical models revealed dozens of marker-trait associations (MTAs), each explaining up to 30%. phenotypic variance. Two markers on chromosomes 2A and 6B were consistently identified by both models and were found to be significantly associated with GY and GPC. MTAs identified for phenological traits co-mapped to well-known genes (i.e., Ppd-1, Vrn-1). The significance values (p-values) that measure the strength of the association of each single nucleotide polymorphism marker with the target traits were used to perform genomic prediction by using a weighted genomic best linear unbiased prediction model. The trained models were ultimately used to predict the agronomic performances of an independent durum wheat panel, confirming the utility of genomic prediction, although environmental conditions and genetic backgrounds may still be a challenge to overcome. The results generated through our study confirmed the utility of GPD and GYD to mitigate the inverse GY and GPC relationship in wheat, provided novel markers for marker-assisted selection and opened new ways to develop cultivars through genomic prediction approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Esposito
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, SS 673 Meters 25200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Vitale
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, SS 673 Meters 25200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Science, Engineering, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Taranto
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Sergio Saia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56129, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ivano Pecorella
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, SS 673 Meters 25200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nunzio D'Agostino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Monica Rodriguez
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia, 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Natoli
- Genetic Services SRL, Contrada Catenaccio, snc, 71026, Deliceto, FG, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, SS 673 Meters 25200, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
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Plaha NS, Kaushik N, Awasthi S, Singh M, Kaur V, Langyan S, Kumar A, Kalia S. Comparison of nutritional quality of fourteen wild Linum species based on fatty acid composition, lipid health indices, and chemometric approaches unravelling their nutraceutical potential. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21192. [PMID: 37928019 PMCID: PMC10623282 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid profiles of 14 Linum species was determined by GC-MS analysis to study the nutritional quality of Linum species based on fatty acid composition, lipid health indices, and chemometric approaches. L. lewisii and L. marginale found to have the highest content of ALA i.e., 65.38 % and 62.79 %, respectively, L. tenuifolium recorded the highest linoleic acid content (69.69 %), while, L. catharticum recorded highest oleic acid (27.03 %). Health indices viz. polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids ratio, n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratio, atherogenicity, thrombogenicity, oxidability, oxidative stability, hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic fatty acids, and peroxidisability calculated based on the fatty acid composition revealed that all the linseed species except L. aristatum, L. tenuifolium and L. hudsoniodes have healthy fatty acid composition. L. lewisii clearly emerges as a promising species followed by L. bienne with great values across multiple indices, making them as a potential candidate for dietary or nutritional interests. The lipid profile of Linum species could be well distinguished by two principal components by Principal Component Analysis (PCA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Singh Plaha
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, India
| | - Nutan Kaushik
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, India
| | - Sumegha Awasthi
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, India
| | - Mamta Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Vikender Kaur
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sapna Langyan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sanjay Kalia
- Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, New Delhi, India
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Yadav SPS, Adhikari R, Paudel P, Shah B, Pokhrel S, Puri S, Adhikari R, Bhujel S. Effect of different chemical priming agents on physiological and morphological characteristics of rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Heliyon 2023; 9:e22389. [PMID: 38045128 PMCID: PMC10689947 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The research was conducted following a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to investigate the effects of seed priming using various chemical treatments on the germination and growth parameters of two rice cultivars, BRRI Dhan-66 and IR 80991-B-330-U-1. Ten different priming agents, including H3BO3, CaCO3, CuSO4, DAP, FeCl2, MoP, PEG (5 %), PEG (10 %), Urea, and ZnSO4, were applied to treat the seeds, each treatment being replicated three times. A control group underwent hydro-priming. The seeds were soaked in the treatments for 24 h. After the priming treatments, the seeds were subjected to a redrying process at a temperature of 26 ± 2 °C until they regained their original weight before being transplanted onto blotting paper. Germination parameters such as germination percentage, germination speed, germination energy, and vigor index were recorded for seven consecutive days. Growth parameters including root length, shoot length, fresh seedling weight, and dry seedling weight were measured at 10, 20, and 30 days after sowing. The results indicate significant variations among the treatments for germination parameters (p ≤ 0.001). Similarly, significant variations were observed in growth parameters, including shoot length, fresh weight, and dry weight (p ≤ 0.001). Among the rice varieties, BRRI Dhan-66 exhibited better results for germination percentage (81.58 %), germination speed (62.78 %), germination energy (52.06 %), vigor index (1312), fresh weight (0.807g), and dry weight of seedlings (0.053g). In contrast, the FeCl2 treatment showed the best results, inducing respective increases of 25.19 %, 93.35 %, 94.95 %, and 29.07 % for germination percentage, speed, energy, and vigor index compared to the control, respectively. For growth parameters, the DAP and CuSO4 treatments demonstrated better results. Our findings highlight that improved germination of primed rice seedlings is associated with germination energy, speed, vigor index, and the fresh weight of the seedlings. Furthermore, Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed there is significant positive correlation between germination percentage, speed, energy and vigor index but the strongest correlation exists between germination speed and germination energy (R = 0.94***) followed by germination percentage and vigor index (R = 0.92***). Based on our findings, we propose that seed priming significantly enhances rice seedlings' germination and growth parameters. BRRI Dhan-66, along with seed treatment using FeCl2, can be effectively employed to achieve improved germination and growth in rice cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubh Pravat Singh Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, G. P. Koirala College of Agriculture and Research Center (GPCAR), Purbanchal University, Gothgaun, Morang, Nepal
| | - Riya Adhikari
- Faculty of Science and Technology, G. P. Koirala College of Agriculture and Research Center (GPCAR), Purbanchal University, Gothgaun, Morang, Nepal
| | - Prava Paudel
- Faculty of Science and Technology, G. P. Koirala College of Agriculture and Research Center (GPCAR), Purbanchal University, Gothgaun, Morang, Nepal
| | - Bibek Shah
- Faculty of Science and Technology, G. P. Koirala College of Agriculture and Research Center (GPCAR), Purbanchal University, Gothgaun, Morang, Nepal
| | - Shobha Pokhrel
- Department of Agriculture, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Paklihawa, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - Suraj Puri
- Faculty of Science and Technology, G. P. Koirala College of Agriculture and Research Center (GPCAR), Purbanchal University, Gothgaun, Morang, Nepal
| | - Robin Adhikari
- Faculty of Science and Technology, G. P. Koirala College of Agriculture and Research Center (GPCAR), Purbanchal University, Gothgaun, Morang, Nepal
| | - Sangita Bhujel
- Department of Plant Breeding, G. P. Koirala College of Agriculture and Research Center (GPCAR), Purbanchal University, Gothgaun, Morang, Nepal
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Fang J, Shi G, Wei S, Ma J, Zhang X, Wang J, Chen L, Liu Y, Zhao X, Lu Z. Drought Sensitivity of Spring Wheat Cultivars Shapes Rhizosphere Microbial Community Patterns in Response to Drought. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3650. [PMID: 37896113 PMCID: PMC10609721 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Drought is the most important natural disaster affecting crop growth and development. Crop rhizosphere microorganisms can affect crop growth and development, enhance the effective utilization of nutrients, and resist adversity and hazards. In this paper, six spring wheat varieties were used as research material in the dry farming area of the western foot of the Greater Khingan Mountains, and two kinds of water control treatments were carried out: dry shed rain prevention (DT) and regulated water replenishment (CK). Phenotypic traits, including physiological and biochemical indices, drought resistance gene expression, soil enzyme activity, soil nutrient content, and the responses of potential functional bacteria and fungi under drought stress, were systematically analyzed. The results showed that compared with the control (CK), the leaf wilting, drooping, and yellowing of six spring wheat varieties were enhanced under drought (DT) treatment. The plant height, fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs), soil total nitrogen (TN), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP), organic carbon (SOC), and soil alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP) contents were significantly decreased, among which, FW, Gs and MBC decreased by more than 7.84%, 17.43% and 11.31%, respectively. By contrast, the soil total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), and soil catalase (S-CAT) contents were significantly increased (p < 0.05). TaWdreb2 and TaBADHb genes were highly expressed in T.D40, T.L36, and T.L33 and were expressed at low levels in T.N2, T.B12, and T.F5. Among them, the relative expression of the TaWdreb2 gene in T.L36 was significantly increased by 2.683 times compared with CK. Soil TN and TP are the most sensitive to drought stress and can be used as the characteristic values of drought stress. Based on this, a drought-tolerant variety (T.L36) and a drought-sensitive variety (T.B12) were selected to further analyze the changes in rhizosphere microorganisms. Drought treatment and cultivar differences significantly affected the composition of the rhizosphere microbial community. Drought caused a decrease in the complexity of the rhizosphere microbial network, and the structure of bacteria was more complex than that of fungi. The Shannon index and network modular number of bacteria in these varieties (T.L36) increased, with rich small-world network properties. Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota were the dominant bacteria under drought treatment. The beneficial bacteria Bacillus, Penicillium, and Blastococcus were enriched in the rhizosphere of T.L36. Brevibacillus and Glycomyce were enriched in the rhizosphere of T.B12. In general, drought can inhibit the growth and development of spring wheat, and spring wheat can resist drought hazards by regulating the expression of drought-related genes, regulating physiological metabolites, and enriching beneficial microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (J.F.); (G.S.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (Y.L.)
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization (Hohhot), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Gongfu Shi
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (J.F.); (G.S.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shuli Wei
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (J.F.); (G.S.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (Y.L.)
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization (Hohhot), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Jie Ma
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (J.F.); (G.S.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (Y.L.)
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization (Hohhot), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Xiangqian Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization (Hohhot), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization (Hohhot), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Liyu Chen
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization (Hohhot), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (J.F.); (G.S.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (Y.L.)
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization (Hohhot), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhao
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (J.F.); (G.S.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (Y.L.)
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization (Hohhot), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Zhanyuan Lu
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (J.F.); (G.S.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (Y.L.)
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization (Hohhot), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China
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Gracia-Romero A, Vatter T, Kefauver SC, Rezzouk FZ, Segarra J, Nieto-Taladriz MT, Aparicio N, Araus JL. Defining durum wheat ideotypes adapted to Mediterranean environments through remote sensing traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1254301. [PMID: 37731983 PMCID: PMC10508639 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1254301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
An acceleration of the genetic advances of durum wheat, as a major crop for the Mediterranean region, is required, but phenotyping still represents a bottleneck for breeding. This study aims to define durum wheat ideotypes under Mediterranean conditions by selecting the most suitable phenotypic remote sensing traits among different ones informing on characteristics related with leaf pigments/photosynthetic status, crop water status, and crop growth/green biomass. A set of 24 post-green revolution durum wheat cultivars were assessed in a wide set of 19 environments, accounted as the specific combinations of a range of latitudes in Spain, under different management conditions (water regimes and planting dates), through 3 consecutive years. Thus, red-green-blue and multispectral derived vegetation indices and canopy temperature were evaluated at anthesis and grain filling. The potential of the assessed remote sensing parameters alone and all combined as grain yield (GY) predictors was evaluated through random forest regression models performed for each environment and phenological stage. Biomass and plot greenness indicators consistently proved to be reliable GY predictors in all of the environments tested for both phenological stages. For the lowest-yielding environment, the contribution of water status measurements was higher during anthesis, whereas, for the highest-yielding environments, better predictions were reported during grain filling. Remote sensing traits measured during the grain filling and informing on pigment content and photosynthetic capacity were highlighted under the environments with warmer conditions, as the late-planting treatments. Overall, canopy greenness indicators were reported as the highest correlated traits for most of the environments and regardless of the phenological moment assessed. The addition of carbon isotope composition of mature kernels was attempted to increase the accuracies, but only a few were slightly benefited, as differences in water status among cultivars were already accounted by the measurement of canopy temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Gracia-Romero
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain and AGROTECNIO (Center for Research in Agrotechnology), Lleida, Spain
| | - Thomas Vatter
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain and AGROTECNIO (Center for Research in Agrotechnology), Lleida, Spain
| | - Shawn C. Kefauver
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain and AGROTECNIO (Center for Research in Agrotechnology), Lleida, Spain
| | - Fatima Zahra Rezzouk
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain and AGROTECNIO (Center for Research in Agrotechnology), Lleida, Spain
| | - Joel Segarra
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain and AGROTECNIO (Center for Research in Agrotechnology), Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Nieves Aparicio
- Agro-technological Institute of Castilla y León (ITACyL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Luis Araus
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain and AGROTECNIO (Center for Research in Agrotechnology), Lleida, Spain
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Al-Taher F, Nemzer B. Effect of Germination on Fatty Acid Composition in Cereal Grains. Foods 2023; 12:3306. [PMID: 37685238 PMCID: PMC10487171 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sprouted grains are gaining popularity as functional food ingredients. This study aimed to evaluate the lipid and fatty acid composition of eight sprouted grains (millet, amaranth, quinoa, wheat, rye, barley, buckwheat, and oat). The method used was germination for up to 72 h at temperatures ranging from 19-23 °C. In general, the lipid content increased in the various grains sprouted, providing a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The % oil yield ranged from 1.17 ± 0.02% in sprouted rye to 5.71 ± 0.26% in sprouted amaranth. Germinated oat showed the greatest increase in fat content, 54.3%, compared to the control. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were more prevalent in whole grains (46.9-75.6%) than saturated fatty acids (10.1-25.9%) and increased with sprouting. The primary fatty acids detected in the grains, in order of abundance, were linoleic, oleic, palmitic, linolenic, and stearic acids. Millet sprouts contained the lowest total saturated fatty acids and the highest polyunsaturated fatty acids. Amaranth had the highest amount of saturated fatty acids, while buckwheat contained the lowest quantity of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The lowest omega-6/omega-3 ratio was 7 to 1 in sprouted rye and 8 to 1 in sprouted barley.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris Nemzer
- VDF FutureCeuticals, Inc., Momence, IL 60954, USA;
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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25
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Mulugeta B, Ortiz R, Geleta M, Hailesilassie T, Hammenhag C, Hailu F, Tesfaye K. Harnessing genome-wide genetic diversity, population structure and linkage disequilibrium in Ethiopian durum wheat gene pool. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1192356. [PMID: 37546270 PMCID: PMC10400094 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1192356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Yanyang Liu, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (HNAAS), China; Landraces are an important genetic source for transferring valuable novel genes and alleles required to enhance genetic variation. Therefore, information on the gene pool's genetic diversity and population structure is essential for the conservation and sustainable use of durum wheat genetic resources. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium, as well as to identify regions with selection signature. Five hundred (500) individuals representing 46 landraces, along with 28 cultivars were evaluated using the Illumina Infinium 25K wheat SNP array, resulting in 8,178 SNPs for further analysis. Gene diversity (GD) and the polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.13-0.50 and 0.12-0.38, with mean GD and PIC values of 0.34 and 0.27, respectively. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) revealed 353,600 pairs of significant SNPs at a cut-off (r2 > 0.20, P < 0.01), with an average r2 of 0.21 for marker pairs. The nucleotide diversity (π) and Tajima's D (TD) per chromosome for the populations ranged from 0.29-0.36 and 3.46-5.06, respectively, with genome level, mean π values of 0.33 and TD values of 4.43. Genomic scan using the Fst outlier test revealed 85 loci under selection signatures, with 65 loci under balancing selection and 17 under directional selection. Putative candidate genes co-localized with regions exhibiting strong selection signatures were associated with grain yield, plant height, host plant resistance to pathogens, heading date, grain quality, and phenolic content. The Bayesian Model (STRUCTURE) and distance-based (principal coordinate analysis, PCoA, and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean, UPGMA) methods grouped the genotypes into five subpopulations, where landraces from geographically non-adjoining environments were clustered in the same cluster. This research provides further insights into population structure and genetic relationships in a diverse set of durum wheat germplasm, which could be further used in wheat breeding programs to address production challenges sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behailu Mulugeta
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- Sinana Agricultural Research Center, Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bale-Robe, Ethiopia
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Mulatu Geleta
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | - Cecilia Hammenhag
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Faris Hailu
- Bio and Emerging Technology Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Tesfaye
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Taranto F, Esposito S, De Vita P. Genomics for Yield and Yield Components in Durum Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2571. [PMID: 37447132 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many efforts have been conducted to dissect the genetic basis of yield and yield components in durum wheat thanks to linkage mapping and genome-wide association studies. In this review, starting from the analysis of the genetic bases that regulate the expression of yield for developing new durum wheat varieties, we have highlighted how, currently, the reductionist approach, i.e., dissecting the yield into its individual components, does not seem capable of ensuring significant yield increases due to diminishing resources, land loss, and ongoing climate change. However, despite the identification of genes and/or chromosomal regions, controlling the grain yield in durum wheat is still a challenge, mainly due to the polyploidy level of this species. In the review, we underline that the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies coupled with improved wheat genome assembly and high-throughput genotyping platforms, as well as genome editing technology, will revolutionize plant breeding by providing a great opportunity to capture genetic variation that can be used in breeding programs. To date, genomic selection provides a valuable tool for modeling optimal allelic combinations across the whole genome that maximize the phenotypic potential of an individual under a given environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Taranto
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Esposito
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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27
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Nagpal T, Yadav V, Khare SK, Siddhanta S, Sahu JK. Monitoring the lipid oxidation and fatty acid profile of oil using algorithm-assisted surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Food Chem 2023; 428:136746. [PMID: 37421667 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Deep-fat frying of food develops lipid oxidation products that deteriorate oil and pose a health risk. This necessitates the development of a rapid and accurate oil quality and safety detection technique. Herein, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and sophisticated chemometric techniques were used for rapid and label-free determination of peroxide value (PV) and fatty acid composition of oil in-situ. In the study, plasmon-tuned and biocompatible Ag@Au core-shell nanoparticle-based SERS substrates were used to obtain optimum enhancement despite matrix interference to efficiently detect the oil components. The potent combination of SERS and the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method could determine the fatty acid profile and PV with upto 99% accuracy. Moreover, the SERS-ANN method could quantify the low level of trans fats, i.e., < 2%, with 97% accuracy. Therefore, the developed algorithm-assisted SERS system enabled the sleek and rapid monitoring and on-site detection of oil oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Nagpal
- Nanoscopic Imaging and Sensing Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, India; Food Customization and Research Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, India; Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, India
| | - Vikas Yadav
- Nanoscopic Imaging and Sensing Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, India
| | - Sunil K Khare
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, India
| | - Soumik Siddhanta
- Nanoscopic Imaging and Sensing Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, India.
| | - Jatindra K Sahu
- Food Customization and Research Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, India.
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Majzoobi M, Jafarzadeh S, Teimouri S, Ghasemlou M, Hadidi M, Brennan CS. The Role of Ancient Grains in Alleviating Hunger and Malnutrition. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112213. [PMID: 37297458 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Meeting the United Nation's sustainable development goals for zero hunger becomes increasingly challenging with respect to climate change and political and economic challenges. An effective strategy to alleviate hunger and its severe implications is to produce affordable, nutrient-dense, and sustainable food products. Ancient grains were long-forgotten due to the dominance of modern grains, but recently, they have been rediscovered as highly nutritious, healthy and resilient grains for solving the nutrition demand and food supply chain problems. This review article aims to critically examine the progress in this emerging field and discusses the potential roles of ancient grains in the fight against hunger. We provide a comparative analysis of different ancient grains with their modern varieties in terms of their physicochemical properties, nutritional profiles, health benefits and sustainability. A future perspective is then introduced to highlight the existing challenges of using ancient grains to help eradicate world hunger. This review is expected to guide decision-makers across different disciplines, such as food, nutrition and agronomy, and policymakers in taking sustainable actions against malnutrition and hunger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Majzoobi
- Biosciences and Food Technology, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Shima Jafarzadeh
- School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Shahla Teimouri
- Biosciences and Food Technology, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Mehran Ghasemlou
- Biosciences and Food Technology, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Milad Hadidi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13001 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Charles S Brennan
- Biosciences and Food Technology, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
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29
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Gao X, Chai HH, Ho WK, Mayes S, Massawe F. Deciphering the molecular basis for photosynthetic parameters in Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) under drought stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:287. [PMID: 37248451 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of segregating populations for their ability to withstand drought stress conditions is one of the best approaches to develop breeding lines and drought tolerant varieties. Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) is a leguminous crop, capable of growing in low-input agricultural systems in semi-arid areas. An F4 bi-parental segregating population obtained from S19-3 × DodR was developed to evaluate the effect of drought stress on photosynthetic parameters and identify QTLs associated with these traits under drought-stressed and well-watered conditions in a rainout shelter. RESULTS Stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthesis rate (A), transpiration rate (E) and intracellular CO2 (Ci) were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) while water use efficiency (WUE) was significantly increased (p < 0.05) under drought-stressed conditions. A strong linear correlation was observed between gs, WUE, A, E and Ci under both water regimes. The variability between different water treatment, among individual lines and the interaction between lines and environment for photosynthetic parameters provides resources for superior lines selection and drought resistant variety improvement. Significant QTL for gs and FV/FM under well-watered conditions were mapped on LG5 and LG3, respectively, with more than 20% of the PVE, which could be considered as the major QTL to control these traits. Five clustered QTLs for photosynthetic traits under drought-stressed and well-watered conditions were mapped on LG5, LG6A, LG10 and LG11, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Significant and putative QTLs associated with photosynthetic parameters and the effect of drought stress on these traits have been revealed by QTL linkage mapping and field experiment in the F4 segregating population derived from S19-3 × DodR in bambara groundnut. The study provides fundamental knowledge of how photosynthetic traits response to drought stress and how genetic features control these traits under drought-stressed and well-watered conditions in bambara groundnut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China.
- Future Food Beacon, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia.
| | - Hui Hui Chai
- Future Food Beacon, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Wai Kuan Ho
- Future Food Beacon, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Sean Mayes
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leics, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
- Crops for the Future (UK) CIC, 76-80 Baddow Road, Chelmsford, Essex, CM2 7PJ, UK
| | - Festo Massawe
- Future Food Beacon, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia.
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Aruwajoye NN, Buthelezi NMD, Mditshwa A, Tesfay SZ, Magwaza LS. Assessing the Impact of Roasting Temperatures on Biochemical and Sensory Quality of Macadamia Nuts ( Macadamia integrifolia). Foods 2023; 12:foods12112116. [PMID: 37297359 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Depending on the temperature regime used during roasting, the biochemical and sensory characteristics of macadamia nuts can change. 'A4' and 'Beaumont' were used as model cultivars to examine how roasting temperatures affected the chemical and sensory quality of macadamia nuts. Using a hot air oven dryer, macadamia kernels were roasted at 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 °C for 15 min. The quantity of phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants in kernels roasted at 50, 75, and 100 °C was significant (p < 0.001); however, these kernels also had high levels of moisture content, oxidation-sensitive unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), and peroxide value (PV), and poor sensory quality. Low moisture content, flavonoids, phenols, antioxidants, fatty acid (FA) compositions, high PV, and poor sensory quality-i.e., excessive browning, an exceptionally crunchy texture, and a bitter flavor-were all characteristics of kernels roasted at 150 °C. With a perfect crispy texture, a rich brown color, and a strong nutty flavor, kernels roasted at 125 °C had lower PV; higher oxidation-resistant UFA compositions; considerable concentrations of flavonoids, phenols, and antioxidants; and good sensory quality. Therefore, 'A4' and 'Beaumont' kernels could be roasted at 125 °C for use in the industry to improve kernel quality and palatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noluthando Noxolo Aruwajoye
- Discipline of Crop and Horticultural Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - Nana Millicent Duduzile Buthelezi
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 235, Medunsa, Ga-Rankuwa 0204, South Africa
| | - Asanda Mditshwa
- Discipline of Crop and Horticultural Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - Samson Zeray Tesfay
- Discipline of Crop and Horticultural Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - Lembe Samukelo Magwaza
- Discipline of Crop and Horticultural Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
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31
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Nemzer B, Al-Taher F. Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition in Sprouted Grains. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091853. [PMID: 37174393 PMCID: PMC10178583 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A whole-grain diet is associated with the prevention of metabolic syndromes, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Sprouting improves the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of grains, which are important for use as raw ingredients in the food industry. The aim of this review was to examine the lipid and fatty acid composition of germinated grains. The methods discussed include germination and analytical procedures for determining fat and fatty acid contents of grains. The effects of sprouting on the fat content and storage stability of grains were also assessed. Lipid levels ranged from 1.43% to 6.66% in the sprouted grains. The individual fatty acid content of grains changed depending on the germination conditions (17-37 °C, 1-9 days). Limited findings showed that sprouting grains at higher temperatures (20-25 °C) and longer times generated a healthy balance of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, which is beneficial to humans. Future studies are needed to determine the optimum incubation and germination periods specific to each grain to improve the omega-6/omega-3 ratio. Free fatty acids were produced more slowly and levels of oxidation products were lower in sprouted grains than in the raw ingredients when stored for a year. Additional studies are required to investigate the oxidative stability and shelf life of sprouted grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Nemzer
- Research & Development, VDF/FutureCeuticals, Inc., Momence, IL 60954, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Fadwa Al-Taher
- Research & Development, VDF/FutureCeuticals, Inc., Momence, IL 60954, USA
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32
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Thakro V, Malik N, Basu U, Srivastava R, Narnoliya L, Daware A, Varshney N, Mohanty JK, Bajaj D, Dwivedi V, Tripathi S, Jha UC, Dixit GP, Singh AK, Tyagi AK, Upadhyaya HD, Parida SK. A superior gene allele involved in abscisic acid signaling enhances drought tolerance and yield in chickpea. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1884-1912. [PMID: 36477336 PMCID: PMC10022645 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Identifying potential molecular tags for drought tolerance is essential for achieving higher crop productivity under drought stress. We employed an integrated genomics-assisted breeding and functional genomics strategy involving association mapping, fine mapping, map-based cloning, molecular haplotyping and transcript profiling in the introgression lines (ILs)- and near isogenic lines (NILs)-based association panel and mapping population of chickpea (Cicer arietinum). This combinatorial approach delineated a bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) transcription factor, CabHLH10 (Cicer arietinum bHLH10) underlying a major QTL, along with its derived natural alleles/haplotypes governing yield traits under drought stress in chickpea. CabHLH10 binds to a cis-regulatory G-box promoter element to modulate the expression of RD22 (responsive to desiccation 22), a drought/abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive gene (via a trans-expression QTL), and two strong yield-enhancement photosynthetic efficiency (PE) genes. This, in turn, upregulates other downstream drought-responsive and ABA signaling genes, as well as yield-enhancing PE genes, thus increasing plant adaptation to drought with reduced yield penalty. We showed that a superior allele of CabHLH10 introgressed into the NILs improved root and shoot biomass and PE, thereby enhancing yield and productivity during drought without compromising agronomic performance. Furthermore, overexpression of CabHLH10 in chickpea and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) conferred enhanced drought tolerance by improving root and shoot agro-morphological traits. These findings facilitate translational genomics for crop improvement and the development of genetically tailored, climate-resilient, high-yielding chickpea cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virevol Thakro
- Genomics-assisted Breeding and Crop Improvement Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Naveen Malik
- Genomics-assisted Breeding and Crop Improvement Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
| | - Udita Basu
- Genomics-assisted Breeding and Crop Improvement Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rishi Srivastava
- Genomics-assisted Breeding and Crop Improvement Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Laxmi Narnoliya
- Genomics-assisted Breeding and Crop Improvement Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Anurag Daware
- Genomics-assisted Breeding and Crop Improvement Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nidhi Varshney
- Genomics-assisted Breeding and Crop Improvement Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jitendra K Mohanty
- Genomics-assisted Breeding and Crop Improvement Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Deepak Bajaj
- Genomics-assisted Breeding and Crop Improvement Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vikas Dwivedi
- Genomics-assisted Breeding and Crop Improvement Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shailesh Tripathi
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Uday Chand Jha
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur 208024, India
| | - Girish Prasad Dixit
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur 208024, India
| | - Ashok K Singh
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Akhilesh K Tyagi
- Genomics-assisted Breeding and Crop Improvement Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
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Samtiya M, Chandratre GA, Dhewa T, Badgujar PC, Sirohi R, Kumar A, Kumar A. A comparative study on comprehensive nutritional profiling of indigenous non-bio-fortified and bio-fortified varieties and bio-fortified hybrids of pearl millets. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:1065-1076. [PMID: 36908360 PMCID: PMC9998779 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Seven indigenous pearl millet varieties, including non-bio-fortified (HC-10 & HC-20) and bio-fortified (Dhanashakti) and bio-fortified hybrids, viz., AHB-1200, HHB-299, HHB-311, and RHB-233, were studied in the present work. There was not any significant difference observed in the crucial anti-nutrients content, i.e., phytate (24.88-32.56 mg/g), tannin (3.07-4.35 mg/g), and oxalate (0.33-0.43 mg/g). Phytochemical content and antioxidant activity showed significantly high (p < 0.05) TPC and FRAP, TFC, and DPPH radical scavenging activity in the HHB 299 and Dhanashakti, respectively. Quantitative analysis of polyphenols by HPLC (first report on these varieties) revealed that HHB-299 has the highest amount of gallic acid. Fatty acid profiling by GC-FID showed that Dhanashakti, AHB-1200, and HHB-299 have rich monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Mineral analysis by ICP-OES showed high iron (87.79 and 84.26 mg/kg) and zinc (55.05 and 52.43 mg/kg) content in the HHB-311 and Dhanashakti, respectively. Results of the present study would help facilitate the formulation of various processed functional food products (RTC/RTE) that are currently not reported/unavailable. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05452-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Samtiya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana 131 028 India
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123 031 India
| | - Gauri A. Chandratre
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Tejpal Dhewa
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123 031 India
| | - Prarabdh C. Badgujar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana 131 028 India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ankur Kumar
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana 131 028 India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123 031 India
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Errum A, Rehman N, Uzair M, Inam S, Ali GM, Khan MR. CRISPR/Cas9 editing of wheat Ppd-1 gene homoeologs alters spike architecture and grain morphometric traits. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:66. [PMID: 36840774 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-00989-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in Photoperiod-1 (Ppd-1) gene are known to modify flowering time and yield in wheat. We cloned TaPpd-1 from wheat and found high similarity among the three homoeologs of TaPpd-1. To clarify the characteristics of TaPpd-1 homoeologs in different photoperiod conditions for inflorescence architecture and yield, we used CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate Tappd-1 mutant plants by simultaneous modification of the three homoeologs of wheat Ppd-1. Tappd-1 mutant plants showed no off-target mutations. Four T0-edited lines under short-day length and three lines under long-day length conditions with the mutation frequency of 25% and 21%, respectively. These putative transgenic plants of all the lines were self-fertilized and generated T1 and T2 progenies and were evaluated by phenotypic and expression analysis. Results demonstrated that simultaneously edited TaPpd-1- A1, B1, and D1 homoeologs gene copies in T2_SDL-8-4, T2_SDL-4-5, T2_SDL-3-9, and T2_LDL-10-9 showed similar spike inflorescence, flowering time, and significantly increase in 1000-grain weight, grain area, grain width, grain length, plant height, and spikelets per spike due to mutation in both alleles of Ppd-B1 and Ppd-D1 homoeologs but only spike length was decreased in T2_SDL-8-4, T2_SDL-4-5, and T2_LDL-13-3 mutant lines due to mutation in both alleles of Ppd-A1 homoeolog under both conditions. Our results indicate that all TaPpd1 gene homoeologs influence wheat spike development by affecting both late flowering and earlier flowering but single mutant TaPpd-A1 homoeolog affect lowest as compared to the combination with double mutants of TaPpd-B1 and TaPpd-D1, TaPpd-A1 and TaPpd-B1, and TaPpd-A1 and TaPpd-D1 homoeologs for yield enhancement. Our findings further raised the idea that the relative expression of the various genomic copies of TaPpd-1 homoeologs may have an impact on the spike inflorescence architecture and grain morphometric features in wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Errum
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
- PARC Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture (PIASA), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Rehman
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Safeena Inam
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ramzan Khan
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan.
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Effect of Heat Processing of Rubber Seed Kernel on In Vitro Rumen Biohydrogenation of Fatty Acids and Fermentation. FERMENTATION 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of rubber seed kernel heat processing on in vitro rumen biohydrogenation of fatty acids and fermentation. The experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design (CRD). The inclusion of RSK at 0% (CON) and 20% with different processing methods as follows: Raw rubber seed kernel (RAWR), roasted rubber seed kernel (ROR), microwave irradiated rubber seed kernel (MIR), and rubber seed kernel were heated in a hot air oven (RHO) in total mixed ration (TMR) diets. The hydrogen cyanide (HCN) was reduced using RSK heat methods. The heat processing of RSK had no effect on cumulative gas production at 96 h, the gas production from the insoluble fraction (b), or degradability (p > 0.05), whereas it reduced the gas production from the immediately soluble fraction (a) and constant rate of gas production for the insoluble fraction (c) (p < 0.01). The RSK processing methods did not influence ruminal pH, total volatile fatty acid (VFA), or VFA proportions (p > 0.05). RSK heat processing reduced ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) (p < 0.04) while increasing the bacterial population (p < 0.02). Heat treatment had no effect on linoleic acid (C18:2 cis-9,12 + tran-9,12) (p > 0.05). The RHO increases oleic acid (C18:1 cis-9 + tran-9) and linolenic acid (C18:3 cis-9,12,15) concentrations (p < 0.01). In conclusion, RHO reduced rumen biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), especially C18:3 and C18:1.
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Mulugeta B, Tesfaye K, Ortiz R, Johansson E, Hailesilassie T, Hammenhag C, Hailu F, Geleta M. Marker-trait association analyses revealed major novel QTLs for grain yield and related traits in durum wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1009244. [PMID: 36777537 PMCID: PMC9909559 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1009244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The growing global demand for wheat for food is rising due to the influence of population growth and climate change. The dissection of complex traits by employing a genome-wide association study (GWAS) allows the identification of DNA markers associated with complex traits to improve the productivity of crops. We used GWAS with 10,045 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to search for genomic regions associated with grain yield and related traits based on diverse panels of Ethiopian durum wheat. In Ethiopia, multi-environment trials of the genotypes were carried out at five locations. The genotyping was conducted using the 25k Illumina Wheat SNP array to explore population structure, linkage disequilibrium (LD), and marker-trait associations (MTAs). For GWAS, the multi-locus Fixed and Random Model Circulating Probability Unification (FarmCPU) model was applied. Broad-sense heritability estimates were high, ranging from 0.63 (for grain yield) to 0.97 (for thousand-kernel weight). The population structure based on principal component analysis, and model-based cluster analysis revealed two genetically distinct clusters with limited admixtures. The LD among SNPs declined within the range of 2.02-10.04 Mbp with an average of 4.28 Mbp. The GWAS scan based on the mean performance of the genotypes across the environments identified 44 significant MTAs across the chromosomes. Twenty-six of these MTAs are novel, whereas the remaining 18 were previously reported and confirmed in this study. We also identified candidate genes for the novel loci potentially regulating the traits. Hence, this study highlights the significance of the Ethiopian durum wheat gene pool for improving durum wheat globally. Furthermore, a breeding strategy focusing on accumulating favorable alleles at these loci could improve durum wheat production in the East African highlands and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behailu Mulugeta
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- Sinana Agricultural Research Center, Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bale-Robe, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Tesfaye
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Director General, Bio and Emerging Technology Institute (BETin), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Eva Johansson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | - Cecilia Hammenhag
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Faris Hailu
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mulatu Geleta
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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Health-Promoting Potential of Millet: A Review. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Being a key source of animal food, millet production has been sharply increasing over the last few years in order to cope with the dietary requirements of the ever-increasing world population. It is a splendid source of essential nutrients such as protein, carbohydrates, fat, minerals, vitamins, and also some other bioactive compounds that eventually help through multiple biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-cholesterol, anti-hypertensive, anthropometric effects and regulation of gut microbiota composition. These bioactive compounds, nutrients, and functions of cereal grains can be affected by processing techniques such as decortication, soaking, malting, milling, fermentation, etc. This study discusses the nutritional and functional properties of millet-incorporated foods and their impact on health, based on around 150 articles between 2015 and 2022 from the Web of Science, Google Scholar, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Breeding Bid Survey (BBS), and FoodData Central (USDA) databases. Analyzing literature reviews, it is evident that the incorporation of millet and its constituents into foodstuffs could be useful against undernourishment and several other health diseases. Additionally, this review provides crucial information about the beneficial features of millet, which can serve as a benchmark of guidelines for industry, consumers, researchers, and nutritionists.
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Diversity matters in wheat mixtures: A genomic survey of the impact of genetic diversity on the performance of 12 way durum wheat mixtures grown in two contrasted and controlled environments. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276223. [PMID: 36490260 PMCID: PMC9733896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In ecology, an increase in genetic diversity within a community in natural ecosystems increases its productivity, while in evolutionary biology, kinship selection predicts that relatedness on social traits improves fitness. Varietal mixtures, where different genotypes are grown together, show contrasting results, especially for grain yield where both positive and negative effects of mixtures have been reported. To understand the effect of diversity on field performance, we grew 96 independent mixtures each composed with 12 durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum Thell.) inbred lines, under two contrasting environmental conditions for water availability. Using dense genotyping, we imputed allelic frequencies and a genetic diversity index on more than 96000 loci for each mixture. We then analyzed the effect of genetic diversity on agronomic performance using a genome-wide approach. We explored the stress gradient hypothesis, which proposes that the greater the unfavourable conditions, the more beneficial the effect of diversity on mixture performance. We found that diversity on average had a negative effect on yield and its components while it was beneficial on grain weight. There was little support for the stress gradient theory. We discuss how to use genomic data to improve the assembly of varietal mixtures.
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Abdelli N, Mekawi E, Ebrahim Abdel-Alim M, Salim NS, El-Nagar M, Al-Dalain SY, Adlan Abdalla R, Nagarajan G, Fadhal E, Ibrahim RIH, Afkar E, Morsy MK. QTRAP LC/MS/MS of Garlic Nanoparticles and Improving Sunflower Oil Stabilization during Accelerated Shelf Life Storage. Foods 2022; 11:foods11243962. [PMID: 36553704 PMCID: PMC9778114 DOI: 10.3390/foods11243962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to assess and utilize the bioactive compounds of garlic nanoparticles (Ga-NPs) as a natural antioxidant in sunflower oil (SFO) stored at 65 ± 1 °C for 24 days. The garlic nanoparticles (Ga-NPs) from the Balady cultivar were prepared, characterized, and added to SFO at three concentrations: 200, 600, and 1000 ppm (w/v), and they were compared with 600 ppm garlic lyophilized powder extract (Ga-LPE), 200 ppm BHT, 200 ppm α-tocopherol, and SFO without Ga-NPs (control). The QTRAP LC/MS/MS profile of Ga-NPs revealed the presence of four organosulfur compounds. Ga-NPs exhibited the highest capacity for phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant compounds. In Ga-NP SFO samples, the values of peroxide, p-anisidine, totox, conjugated dienes, and conjugated trienes were significantly lower than the control. The antioxidant indices of SFO samples containing Ga-NPs were higher than the control. The Ga-NPs enhanced the sensory acceptability of SFO treatments up to day 24 of storage. The shelf life of SFO treated with Ga-NPs was substantially increased (presuming a Q10 amount). The results show that Ga-NPs are a powerful antioxidant that improves SFO stability and extends the shelf life (~384 days at 25 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouara Abdelli
- Department of Basic Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (N.A.); (M.K.M.)
| | - Enas Mekawi
- Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qaluobia P.O. Box 13736, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Ebrahim Abdel-Alim
- Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qaluobia P.O. Box 13736, Egypt
| | - Nesreen Saad Salim
- Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qaluobia P.O. Box 13736, Egypt
| | - Mahran El-Nagar
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qaluobia P.O. Box 13736, Egypt
| | - Sati Y. Al-Dalain
- Department of Medical Support, Al-Karak University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt P.O. Box 19117, Jordan
| | - Ridab Adlan Abdalla
- Department of Basic Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ganesan Nagarajan
- Department of Basic Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Fadhal
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid I. H. Ibrahim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Khartoum University, P.O. Box 321, Khartoum 11115, Sudan
| | - Eman Afkar
- Department of Basic Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, Bani-Suef University, Bani-Suef P.O. Box 52621, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K. Morsy
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qaluobia P.O. Box 13736, Egypt
- Correspondence: (N.A.); (M.K.M.)
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Tao H, Xu S, Tian Y, Li Z, Ge Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhou G, Deng X, Zhang Z, Ding Y, Jiang D, Guo Q, Jin S. Proximal and remote sensing in plant phenomics: 20 years of progress, challenges, and perspectives. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100344. [PMID: 35655429 PMCID: PMC9700174 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant phenomics (PP) has been recognized as a bottleneck in studying the interactions of genomics and environment on plants, limiting the progress of smart breeding and precise cultivation. High-throughput plant phenotyping is challenging owing to the spatio-temporal dynamics of traits. Proximal and remote sensing (PRS) techniques are increasingly used for plant phenotyping because of their advantages in multi-dimensional data acquisition and analysis. Substantial progress of PRS applications in PP has been observed over the last two decades and is analyzed here from an interdisciplinary perspective based on 2972 publications. This progress covers most aspects of PRS application in PP, including patterns of global spatial distribution and temporal dynamics, specific PRS technologies, phenotypic research fields, working environments, species, and traits. Subsequently, we demonstrate how to link PRS to multi-omics studies, including how to achieve multi-dimensional PRS data acquisition and processing, how to systematically integrate all kinds of phenotypic information and derive phenotypic knowledge with biological significance, and how to link PP to multi-omics association analysis. Finally, we identify three future perspectives for PRS-based PP: (1) strengthening the spatial and temporal consistency of PRS data, (2) exploring novel phenotypic traits, and (3) facilitating multi-omics communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Tao
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Address: No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Address: No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yongchao Tian
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Address: No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Agriculture College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Yan Ge
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Address: No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiaoping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Address: No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guodong Zhou
- Sanya Research Institute of Nanjing Agriculture University, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Xiong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Agriculture College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Address: No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; Sanya Research Institute of Nanjing Agriculture University, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Address: No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; Sanya Research Institute of Nanjing Agriculture University, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Qinghua Guo
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shichao Jin
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Address: No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; Sanya Research Institute of Nanjing Agriculture University, Sanya 572024, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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The Role of Alternative Crops in an Upcoming Global Food Crisis: A Concise Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223584. [PMID: 36429176 PMCID: PMC9689872 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving Food Security (FS) is perhaps our most challenging aspiration. Despite our best efforts, millions of people around the globe are malnourished or live with hunger. The state of the geo-political scene, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic, have recently brought forth fears of a Global Food Crisis (GFC). Here, we present the factors that threaten FS and could trigger a GFC, examine the potential of alternative crops (ACs) as a measure against an upcoming GFC, and highlight the key aspects of the ACs introduction process in new regions. ACs could enhance FS, yet their success is premised on the adoption of sustainable practices and the implementation of food strategies that aim to promote healthy consumer behaviours.
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Esposito S, Taranto F, Vitale P, Ficco DBM, Colecchia SA, Stevanato P, De Vita P. Unlocking the molecular basis of wheat straw composition and morphological traits through multi-locus GWAS. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:519. [PMID: 36344939 PMCID: PMC9641881 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid reductions in emissions from fossil fuel burning are needed to curb global climate change. Biofuel production from crop residues can contribute to reducing the energy crisis and environmental deterioration. Wheat is a renewable source for biofuels owing to the low cost and high availability of its residues. Thus, identifying candidate genes controlling these traits is pivotal for efficient biofuel production. Here, six multi-locus genome-wide association (ML-GWAS) models were applied using 185 tetraploid wheat accessions to detect quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) for fifteen traits associated with biomass composition. RESULTS Among the 470 QTNs, only 72 identified by at least two models were considered as reliable. Among these latter, 16 also showed a significant effect on the corresponding trait (p.value < 0.05). Candidate genes survey carried out within 4 Mb flanking the QTNs, revealed putative biological functions associated with lipid transfer and metabolism, cell wall modifications, cell cycle, and photosynthesis. Four genes encoded as Cellulose Synthase (CeSa), Anaphase promoting complex (APC/C), Glucoronoxylan 4-O Methyltransferase (GXM) and HYPONASTIC LEAVES1 (HYL1) might be responsible for an increase in cellulose, and natural and acid detergent fiber (NDF and ADF) content in tetraploid wheat. In addition, the SNP marker RFL_Contig3228_2154 associated with the variation in stem solidness (Q.Scsb-3B) was validated through two molecular methods (High resolution melting; HRM and RNase H2-dependent PCR; rhAMP). CONCLUSIONS The study provides new insights into the genetic basis of biomass composition traits on tetraploid wheat. The application of six ML-GWAS models on a panel of diverse wheat genotypes represents an efficient approach to dissect complex traits with low heritability such as wheat straw composition. The discovery of genes/genomic regions associated with biomass production and straw quality parameters is expected to accelerate the development of high-yielding wheat varieties useful for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Esposito
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Taranto
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, (CNR-IBBR), 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Vitale
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Donatella Bianca Maria Ficco
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Antonio Colecchia
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Stevanato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Legnaro Italy
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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Amro A, Harb S, Farghaly KA, Ali MMF, Mohammed AG, Mourad AMI, Afifi M, Börner A, Sallam A. Growth responses and genetic variation among highly ecologically diverse spring wheat genotypes grown under seawater stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:996538. [PMID: 36311097 PMCID: PMC9614663 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.996538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Most of the freshwaters worldwide are used for agriculture. Freshwater sources are expected to decline and will not suffice to support the food production needed for the growing population. Therefore, growing crops with seawater might constitute a solution. However, very little work has been done on the effect of seawater stress on wheat, an important cereal crop. The present study aimed to determine whether particular wheat genotypes provided better resistance to seawater stress. A set of 80 highly diverse spring wheat genotypes collected from different countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America was exposed to 50% seawater stress at the early growth stage. Four seeding shoot and root traits were scored for all genotypes. High genetic variations were found among all genotypes for the epicotyl length (EL), hypocotyl length (HL), number of radicles (NOR), and fresh weight (FW). Eight genotypes with high-performance scores of seedling traits were selected. The correlation analyses revealed highly significant correlations among all traits scored in this study. The strongest correlation was found between the NOR and the other seeding traits. Thus, the NOR might be an important adaptive trait for seawater tolerance. The genetic diversity among all genotypes was investigated based on genetic distance. A wide range of genetic distances among all genotypes was found. There was also a great genetic distance among the eight selected genotypes. In particular, the genetic distance between ATRI 5310 (France) and the other seven genotypes was the greatest. Such high genetic diversity might be utilized to select highly divergent genotypes for crossing in a future breeding program. The present study provides very useful information on the presence of different genetic resources in wheat for seawater tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Amro
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Shrouk Harb
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khaled A. Farghaly
- Department of Soil and Water Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. F. Ali
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Aml G. Mohammed
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amira M. I. Mourad
- Resources Genetics and Reproduction, Department Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Afifi
- Ultrasonic Laboratory, National Institute of Standards, Giza, Egypt
| | - Andreas Börner
- Resources Genetics and Reproduction, Department Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ahmed Sallam
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Resources Genetics and Reproduction, Department Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
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Samtiya M, Aluko RE, Dhaka N, Dhewa T, Puniya AK. Nutritional and health-promoting attributes of millet: current and future perspectives. Nutr Rev 2022; 81:684-704. [PMID: 36219789 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Millet is consumed as a staple food, particularly in developing countries, is part of the traditional diet in a number of relatively affluent countries, and is gaining popularity throughout the world. It is a valuable dietary energy source. In addition to high caloric value, several health-promoting attributes have been reported for millet seeds. This review describes many nutritional characteristics of millet seeds and their derivatives that are important to human health: antioxidant, antihypertensive, immunomodulatory or anti-inflammatory, antibacterial or antimicrobial, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, and anti-carcinogenic potential, and their role as modulators of gut health. There are several varieties, but the main focus of this review is on pearl millet (Cenchrus americanus [synonym Pennisetum glaucum]), one of the most widely eaten millet crops grown in India, though other millet types are also covered. In this article, the health-promoting properties of the natural components (ie, proteins, peptides, polyphenols, polysaccharides, oil, isoflavones, etc.) present in millet seeds are discussed. Although many of these health benefits have been demonstrated using animal models in vitro studies, human intervention-feeding trials are required to confirm several of the potential health benefits of millet seeds. Based on the nutritional and health-promoting attributes known for pearl millet (discussed in this review), finger millet and foxtail millet are suggested as good candidates for use in future nutritional interventions for improved human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Samtiya
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Namrata Dhaka
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Tejpal Dhewa
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- is with the Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Chen L, Lei W, He W, Wang Y, Tian J, Gong J, Hao B, Cheng X, Shu Y, Fan Z. Mapping of Two Major QTLs Controlling Flowering Time in Brassica napus Using a High-Density Genetic Map. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11192635. [PMID: 36235500 PMCID: PMC9571212 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Research on the flowering habit of rapeseed is important for the selection of varieties adapted to specific ecological environments. Here, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the days-to-flowering trait were identified using a doubled haploid population of 178 lines derived from a cross between the winter type SGDH284 and the semi-winter type 158A. A linkage map encompassing 3268.01 cM was constructed using 2777 bin markers obtained from next-generation sequencing. The preliminary mapping results revealed 56 QTLs for the days to flowering in the six replicates in the three environments. Twelve consensus QTLs were identified by a QTL meta-analysis, two of which (cqDTF-C02 and cqDTF-C06) were designated as major QTLs. Based on the micro-collinearity of the target regions between B. napus and Arabidopsis, four genes possibly related to flowering time were identified in the cqDTF-C02 interval, and only one gene possibly related to flowering time was identified in the cqDTF-C06 interval. A tightly linked insertion-deletion marker for the cqFT-C02 locus was developed. These findings will aid the breeding of early maturing B. napus varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Weixia Lei
- Crop Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Wangfei He
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Jie Tian
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Jihui Gong
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Bing Hao
- Bengbu Ludu Crop Residue Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Xinxin Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Yingjie Shu
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Zhixiong Fan
- Crop Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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Alsaleh A. SSR-based genome-wide association study in turkish durum wheat germplasms revealed novel QTL of accumulated platinum. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11289-11300. [PMID: 35819556 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Durum wheat has a genetic capacity to accumulate toxic metals that can exceed the safety limit of the international standards, which may seriously affect human health. Identifying germplasms with low, nontoxic accumulated metal contents is important to select and develop new varieties. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the levels of accumulated platinum in durum wheat and detect novel QTL. METHODS AND RESULTS Platinum contents were determined using 130 durum genotypes. Results generally showed low values of accumulated Pt and significantly less than the maximum grain's Pt content determined by international standards. Pt contents among genotypes varied from ≤ 0.001 to 0.72 µg/kg with an average of 0.02. Landraces showed the lowest average accumulated Pt. GWAS was then performed with 780 SSR markers. Five QTL were detected and explained 14.4-23.1% of the total phenotypic variation. Chromosomes 3 A, 3B, and 5B appear to be hotspots and may play a crucial role in accumulated Pt and were harbored in 1, 3, and 1 QTL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This assessment of accumulated Pt within a unique panel included accessions mostly from Turkish regions, and GWAS used is the first study regarding accumulated Pt indices to reveal novel QTL. It will allow breeders to accelerate their selection of proper genotypes according to desired alleles and offer an opportunity to apply MAS to minimize Pt toxicity in durum wheat. Results indicated that the significance of genome (B) regions are likely related to the inheritance control of Pt content and may play a pivotal role regarding durum wheat's Pt contents. Nonetheless, these novel QTL should be validated in independent populations in numerous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alsaleh
- Department of Agriculture and Food, Institute of Hemp Research, Yozgat Bozok University, 66200, Yozgat, Turkey.
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47
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Ojo OA, Ojo AB, Barnabas M, Iyobhebhe M, Elebiyo TC, Evbuomwan IO, Michael T, Ajiboye BO, Oyinloye BE, Oloyede OI. Phytochemical properties and pharmacological activities of the genus Pennisetum: A review. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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48
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Chapu I, Okello DK, Okello RCO, Odong TL, Sarkar S, Balota M. Exploration of Alternative Approaches to Phenotyping of Late Leaf Spot and Groundnut Rosette Virus Disease for Groundnut Breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:912332. [PMID: 35774822 PMCID: PMC9238324 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.912332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Late leaf spot (LLS), caused by Nothopassalora personata (Berk. & M.A Curt.), and groundnut rosette disease (GRD), [caused by groundnut rosette virus (GRV)], represent the most important biotic constraints to groundnut production in Uganda. Application of visual scores in selection for disease resistance presents a challenge especially when breeding experiments are large because it is resource-intensive, subjective, and error-prone. High-throughput phenotyping (HTP) can alleviate these constraints. The objective of this study is to determine if HTP derived indices can replace visual scores in a groundnut breeding program in Uganda. Fifty genotypes were planted under rain-fed conditions at two locations, Nakabango (GRD hotspot) and NaSARRI (LLS hotspot). Three handheld sensors (RGB camera, GreenSeeker, and Thermal camera) were used to collect HTP data on the dates visual scores were taken. Pearson correlation was made between the indices and visual scores, and logistic models for predicting visual scores were developed. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (r = -0.89) and red-green-blue (RGB) color space indices CSI (r = 0.76), v* (r = -0.80), and b* (r = -0.75) were highly correlated with LLS visual scores. NDVI (r = -0.72), v* (r = -0.71), b* (r = -0.64), and GA (r = -0.67) were best related to the GRD visual symptoms. Heritability estimates indicated NDVI, green area (GA), greener area (GGA), a*, and hue angle having the highest heritability (H 2 > 0.75). Logistic models developed using these indices were 68% accurate for LLS and 45% accurate for GRD. The accuracy of the models improved to 91 and 84% when the nearest score method was used for LLS and GRD, respectively. Results presented in this study indicated that use of handheld remote sensing tools can improve screening for GRD and LLS resistance, and the best associated indices can be used for indirect selection for resistance and improve genetic gain in groundnut breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Chapu
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Robert C. Ongom Okello
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Thomas Lapaka Odong
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sayantan Sarkar
- Blackland Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Maria Balota
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Tidewater AREC, Virginia Tech, Suffolk, VA, United States
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49
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Siddiqui SA, Mahmud MMC, Abdi G, Wanich U, Farooqi MQU, Settapramote N, Khan S, Wani SA. New alternatives from sustainable sources to wheat in bakery foods: Science, technology, and challenges. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14185. [PMID: 35441405 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ongoing research in the food industry is striving to replace wheat flour with new alternatives from sustainable sources to overcome the disease burden in the existing population. Celiac disease, wheat allergy, gluten sensitivity, or non-celiac gluten sensitivity are some common disorders associated with gluten present in wheat. These scientific findings are crucial to finding appropriate alternatives in introducing new ingredients supporting the consumer's requirements. Among the alternatives, amaranth, barley, coconut, chestnut, maize, millet, teff, oat, rye, sorghum, soy, rice flour, and legumes could be considered appropriate due to their chemical composition, bioactive profile, and alternatives utilization in the baking industry. Furthermore, the enrichment of these alternatives with proper ingredients is considered effective. Literature demonstrated that the flours from these alternative sources significantly enhanced the physicochemical, pasting, and rheological properties of the doughs. These flours boost a significant reduction in gluten proteins associated with food intolerance, in comparison with wheat highlighting a visible market opportunity with nutritional and organoleptic benefits for food producers. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: New alternatives from sustainable sources to wheat in bakery foods as an approach that affects human health. Alternatives from sustainable sources are important source of nutrients and bioactive compounds. Alternatives from sustainable sources are rising due to nutritional and consumer demand in bakery industry. New alternatives from sustainable sources improve physicochemical, pasting, and rheological properties of dough. Non-wheat-based foods from non-traditional grains have a potential to increase consumer market acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Straubing, Germany.,German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - M M Chayan Mahmud
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Uracha Wanich
- Department of Home Economics, Rambhaibarni Rahjabhat University, Chanthaburi, Thailand
| | | | | | - Sipper Khan
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sajad Ahmad Wani
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, India
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50
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Leigh FJ, Wright TIC, Horsnell RA, Dyer S, Bentley AR. Progenitor species hold untapped diversity for potential climate-responsive traits for use in wheat breeding and crop improvement. Heredity (Edinb) 2022; 128:291-303. [PMID: 35383318 PMCID: PMC9076643 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-022-00527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change will have numerous impacts on crop production worldwide necessitating a broadening of the germplasm base required to source and incorporate novel traits. Major variation exists in crop progenitor species for seasonal adaptation, photosynthetic characteristics, and root system architecture. Wheat is crucial for securing future food and nutrition security and its evolutionary history and progenitor diversity offer opportunities to mine favourable functional variation in the primary gene pool. Here we provide a review of the status of characterisation of wheat progenitor variation and the potential to use this knowledge to inform the use of variation in other cereal crops. Although significant knowledge of progenitor variation has been generated, we make recommendations for further work required to systematically characterise underlying genetics and physiological mechanisms and propose steps for effective use in breeding. This will enable targeted exploitation of useful variation, supported by the growing portfolio of genomics and accelerated breeding approaches. The knowledge and approaches generated are also likely to be useful across wider crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J Leigh
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Tally I C Wright
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Richard A Horsnell
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Sarah Dyer
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Alison R Bentley
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK. .,International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico.
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