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Wang Y, Ma H, Zhang X, Xiao X, Yang Z. The Increasing Diagnostic Role of Exosomes in Inflammatory Diseases to Leverage the Therapeutic Biomarkers. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:5005-5024. [PMID: 39081872 PMCID: PMC11287202 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s475102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases provide substantial worldwide concerns, affecting millions of people and healthcare systems by causing ongoing discomfort, diminished quality of life, and increased expenses. In light of the progress made in treatments, the limited effectiveness and negative side effects of present pharmaceuticals need a more comprehensive comprehension of the underlying processes in order to develop more precise remedies. Exosomes, which are tiny vesicles that play a vital role in cell communication, have been identified as prospective vehicles for effective delivery of anti-inflammatory medicines, immunomodulators, and gene treatments. Vesicles, which are secreted by different cells, have a crucial function in communicating between cells. This makes them valuable in the fields of diagnostics and therapies, particularly for inflammatory conditions. Exosomes have a role in regulating the immune system, transporting cytokines, and influencing cell signaling pathways associated with inflammation. They consist of proteins, lipids, and genetic information that have an impact on immune responses and inflammation. Scientists are now investigating exosomes as biomarkers for inflammatory disease. This review article aims to develop non-invasive diagnostic techniques with improved sensitivity and specificity. Purpose of this review is a thorough examination of exosomes in pharmacology, specifically emphasizing their origin, contents, and functions, with the objective of enhancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for inflammatory conditions. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the intricate mechanisms involved in exosome-mediated interactions and their impact on immune responses is of utmost importance in order to devise novel approaches for tackling inflammatory disease and enhancing patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zecheng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China
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Chakrabarty M, Let S. Spatial clustering of overweight/obesity among women in India: Insights from the latest National Family Health Survey. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305205. [PMID: 39046947 PMCID: PMC11268665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight/obesity has become global health concern with increasing prevalence. This study examined district-level disparities and spatial clustering of overweight/obesity among women of reproductive age (WRA) in India using the latest National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-2021) data. METHOD Information of 623,656 women aged 15 to 49 from the NFHS-5 (2019-2021) were analysed in this study. The outcome variable was BMI as classified by the world health organisation (WHO). Utilising Global Moran's I, Anselin's Local Moran's I, and spatial regression models spatial clustering and associated factors were analysed. RESULT The study found that 24% (95% CI: 23.8-24.3) of WRA in India were overweight/obese in 2019-21. The prevalence was greatest in Punjab (41%) and lowest in Meghalaya (11%). Additionally, the Global Moran's I value for the outcome variable was 0.73, indicating a positive spatial autocorrelation in the overweight/obesity. Districts of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Telangana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Haryana, and Delhi were hotspots of overweight/obesity. Several factors of overweight/obesity among WRA were identified, including place of residence (β: 0.034, p: 0.011), parity (β: 0.322, p: 0.002), social group (β: -0.031, p: 0.016), religion (β: -0.044, p: <0.001), household wealth status (β: 0.184, p: <0.001), mass-media exposure (β: 0.056, p: 0.031), and diabetes (β: 0.680, p: <0.001). CONCLUSION The study emphasizes the importance of targeted interventions and region-specific strategies, while also stressing the need to address associated factors to develop effective public health initiatives aimed at reducing overweight/obesity prevalence among WRA in India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subhojit Let
- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kompella P, Wang G, Durrett RE, Lai Y, Marin C, Liu Y, Habib SL, DiGiovanni J, Vasquez KM. Obesity increases genomic instability at DNA repeat-mediated endogenous mutation hotspots. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6213. [PMID: 39043652 PMCID: PMC11266421 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased cancer risk, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Obesity-associated cancers involve disruptions in metabolic and cellular pathways, which can lead to genomic instability. Repetitive DNA sequences capable of adopting alternative DNA structures (e.g., H-DNA) stimulate mutations and are enriched at mutation hotspots in human cancer genomes. However, it is not known if obesity impacts DNA repeat-mediated endogenous mutation hotspots. We address this gap by measuring mutation frequencies in obese and normal-weight transgenic reporter mice carrying either a control human B-DNA- or an H-DNA-forming sequence (from a translocation hotspot in c-MYC in Burkitt lymphoma). Here, we discover that H-DNA-induced DNA damage and mutations are elevated in a tissue-specific manner, and DNA repair efficiency is reduced in obese mice compared to those on the control diet. These findings elucidate the impact of obesity on cancer-associated endogenous mutation hotspots, providing mechanistic insight into the link between obesity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Kompella
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Guliang Wang
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Russell E Durrett
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yanhao Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Celeste Marin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Samy L Habib
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Karen M Vasquez
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, TX, USA.
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Roumi Z, Mirzababaei A, Abaj F, Davaneghi S, Aali Y, Mirzaei K. The interaction between polyphenol intake and genes (MC4R, Cav-1, and Cry1) related to body homeostasis and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1410811. [PMID: 39104759 PMCID: PMC11299215 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1410811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is an important global health challenge, is expanding. One of the main factors in the occurrence of CVD is a high genetic risk. The interaction between genetic risk in CVD and nutrition is debatable. Polyphenols are one of the important dietary components that may have a protective role in people who have a high genetic risk score (GRS) for cardiometabolic risk factors. This study, conducted in overweight and obese women, examines the interaction between polyphenol intake and specific genes (MC4r, Cav-1, and Cry1) related to maintaining body balance and their interaction with cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods This cross-sectional study included 391 women who were overweight or obese, aged 18 to 48 years, with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 40 kg/m2. Body composition was measured using the InBody 770 scanner. Total dietary polyphenol intake (TDPI) was assessed with a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and polyphenol intakes were determined using the Phenol-Explorer database. Serum samples underwent biochemical tests. The Genetic Risk Score (GRS) was calculated based on the risk alleles of three genes: MC4r, Cav-1, and Cry1. Results The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age and BMI of women were 36.67 (9.1) years and 30.98 (3.9) kg/m2, respectively. The high GRS and high TDPI group had a significant negative interaction with fasting blood glucose (FBS) (p = 0.01). Individuals who had a high GRS and a high phenolic acid intake were found to have a significant negative interaction with Triglyceride (p = 0.04). Similarly, individuals with high GRS and a high intake of flavonoids had a significant negative interaction with TG (p < 0.01) and a significant positive interaction with High-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p = 0.01) in the adjusted model. Conclusion According to our findings, those with a high GRS may have a protective effect on cardiometabolic risk factors by consuming high amounts of polyphenols. Further studies will be necessary in the future to validate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Roumi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Abaj
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Soheila Davaneghi
- MSC, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yasaman Aali
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Yang W, Zeng H, Jin Y. Robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with overweight or obesity: a meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080605. [PMID: 39019640 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of overweight or obesity among patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy is on the rise. The utilisation of robotic assistance has the potential to enhance the feasibility of performing minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy in this particular group of patients who are at a higher risk. The objective of this meta-analysis is to assess the safety and effectiveness of robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy in individuals with overweight or obesity. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This investigation will systematically search for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised comparative studies that compare robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy with open or laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with overweight or obesity, using PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library databases. The methodological quality of studies will be evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. RevMan software (V.5.4.1) will be used for statistical analysis. The OR and weighted mean differences will be calculated separately for dichotomous and continuous data. The selection of a fixed-effects or random-effects model will depend on the level of heterogeneity observed among the included studies. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study will be conducted based on data in the published literature from publicly available databases. Therefore, ethics approval is not applicable. The results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023462321.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Yang
- Business School, University of Shanghai for Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueling Jin
- Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, Shanghai, China
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Huang X, Chen J, Li H, Cai Y, Liu L, Dong Q, Li Y, Ren Y, Xiang W, He X. LncRNA SNHG12 suppresses adipocyte inflammation and insulin resistance by regulating the HDAC9/Nrf2 axis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23794. [PMID: 38967258 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400236rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is often associated with low-grade inflammation. The incidence of obesity has increased annually worldwide, which seriously affects human health. A previous study indicated that long noncoding RNA SNHG12 was downregulated in obesity. Nevertheless, the role of SNHG12 in obesity remains to be elucidated. In this study, qRT-PCR, western blot, and ELISA were utilized to examine the gene and protein expression. Flow cytometry was employed to investigate the M2 macrophage markers. RNA pull-down assay and RIP were utilized to confirm the interactions of SNHG12, hnRNPA1, and HDAC9. Eventually, a high-fat diet-fed mouse model was established for in vivo studies. SNHG12 overexpression suppressed adipocyte inflammation and insulin resistance and promoted M2 polarization of macrophages that was caused by TNF-α treatment. SNHG12 interacted with hnRNPA1 to downregulate HDAC9 expression, which activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway. HDAC9 overexpression reversed the effect of SNHG12 overexpression on inflammatory response, insulin resistance, and M2 phenotype polarization. Overexpression of SNHG12 improved high-fat diet-fed mouse tissue inflammation. This study revealed the protective effect of SNHG12 against adipocyte inflammation and insulin resistance. This result further provides a new therapeutic target for preventing inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Genetics, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Jixiong Chen
- Department of Medical Care Center, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Haidan Li
- Department of Genetics, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Yuhua Cai
- Department of Genetics, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Genetics, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of Genetics, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Genetics, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, Haikou Hospital of the Maternal and Child Health, Haikou, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaojie He
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Geronikolou SA, Pavlopoulou A, Uça Apaydin M, Albanopoulos K, Cokkinos DV, Chrousos G. Non-Hereditary Obesity Type Networks and New Drug Targets: An In Silico Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7684. [PMID: 39062927 PMCID: PMC11277295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic, preventable disease, has significant comorbidities that are associated with a great human and financial cost for society. The aim of the present work is to reconstruct the interactomes of non-hereditary obesity to highlight recent advances of its pathogenesis, and discover potential therapeutic targets. Obesity and biological-clock-related genes and/or gene products were extracted from the biomedical literature databases PubMed, GeneCards and OMIM. Their interactions were investigated using STRING v11.0 (a database of known and predicted physical and indirect associations among genes/proteins), and a high confidence interaction score of >0.7 was set. We also applied virtual screening to discover natural compounds targeting obesity- and circadian-clock-associated proteins. Two updated and comprehensive interactomes, the (a) stress- and (b) inflammation-induced obesidomes involving 85 and 93 gene/gene products of known and/or predicted interactions with an average node degree of 9.41 and 10.8, respectively, were produced. Moreover, 15 of these were common between the two non-hereditary entities, namely, ADIPOQ, ADRB2/3, CCK, CRH, CXCL8, FOS, GCG, GNRH1, IGF1, INS, LEP, MC4R, NPY and POMC, while phelligridin E, a natural product, may function as a potent FOX1-DBD interaction blocker. Molecular networks may contribute to the understanding of the integrated regulation of energy balance/obesity pathogenesis and may associate chronopharmacology schemes with natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani A. Geronikolou
- Clinical, Translational Research and Experimental Surgery Centre, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4, Soranou Ephessiou Str., 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.V.C.); (G.C.)
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Levadias 8, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasia Pavlopoulou
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340 Izmir, Türkiye; (A.P.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Genomics and Molecular Biotechnology Department, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Merve Uça Apaydin
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340 Izmir, Türkiye; (A.P.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Genomics and Molecular Biotechnology Department, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340 Izmir, Türkiye
| | | | - Dennis V. Cokkinos
- Clinical, Translational Research and Experimental Surgery Centre, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4, Soranou Ephessiou Str., 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.V.C.); (G.C.)
| | - George Chrousos
- Clinical, Translational Research and Experimental Surgery Centre, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4, Soranou Ephessiou Str., 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.V.C.); (G.C.)
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Levadias 8, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Gomes R, Costa-Pinho A, Ramalho-Vasconcelos F, Sousa-Pinto B, Santos-Sousa H, Resende F, Preto J, Lima-da-Costa E. Portomesenteric Venous Thrombosis after Bariatric Surgery: A Case Series and Systematic Review Comparing LSG and LRYGB. J Pers Med 2024; 14:722. [PMID: 39063976 PMCID: PMC11277930 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14070722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Portomesenteric Venous Thrombosis (PMVT) is a rare but serious complication of Metabolic Bariatric Surgery (MBS). Although more frequently reported after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), the risk factors for PMVT remain unclear. This study aims to compare the incidence and determinants of PMVT between LSG and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). (2) Methods: A retrospective analysis of 5235 MBSs conducted at our institution between 2015 and 2023 identified five cases of PMVT. Additionally, a systematic review in March 2023, covering PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, was performed. Several data were analyzed regarding risk factors. (3) Results: In our case series, the incidence of PMVT was 0.1%. The five cases described involved four females with a BMI between 39.7 and 56.0 kg/m2. Their comorbidities were associated with metabolic syndrome, all women used oral contraceptive and two patients were diagnosed with thrombophilia or pulmonary embolism. Per protocol, thromboprophylaxis was administered to all patients. Diagnosis was made at a median of 16 days post-surgery, with abdominal pain being the main presenting symptom. Acute cases were managed with enoxaparin, unfractionated heparin and fibrinolysis. One patient required surgery. Ten studies were included in the systematic review and 205 patients with PMVT were identified: 193 (94.1%) post-LSG and 12 post-LRYGB. The most common comorbidities were dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, sleep apnea and liver disorders; (4) Conclusions: PMVT is a potentially life-threatening complication after MBS, requiring preventive measures, timely diagnosis and several treatments. Our findings suggest a higher occurrence in women with an elevated BMI and post-LSG. Tailored thromboprophylaxis for MBS patients at risk of PMVT may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gomes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (R.G.)
| | - André Costa-Pinho
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (R.G.)
- Obesity Integrated Responsibility Unit (CRI-O), São João Local Health Unit, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Bernardo Sousa-Pinto
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (R.G.)
- MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS—Centre for Health Technologies and Services Research, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Santos-Sousa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (R.G.)
- Obesity Integrated Responsibility Unit (CRI-O), São João Local Health Unit, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Resende
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (R.G.)
- Obesity Integrated Responsibility Unit (CRI-O), São João Local Health Unit, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - John Preto
- Obesity Integrated Responsibility Unit (CRI-O), São João Local Health Unit, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Lima-da-Costa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (R.G.)
- Obesity Integrated Responsibility Unit (CRI-O), São João Local Health Unit, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Li X, Yang W, Ma K, Zheng Z, Liu X, Hu B, Liu H, Zhao Q, Han Y, Xiao Z, Chen R, Li H, Huang S, Liu J, Wang C, Yin L, Meng Y. Circulating B Cell-Derived Small RNA Delivered by Extracellular Vesicles: A Dialogue Mechanism for Long-Range Targeted Renal Mitochondrial Injury in Obesity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402526. [PMID: 38958071 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The intricate processes that govern the interactions between peripatetic immune cells and distal renal injury in obesity are not fully understood. Employing transcriptomic analysis of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs), a marked amplification of small RNA (miR-3960) is discerned within CD3-CD19+ B cells. This RNA is found to be preferentially augmented in kidney tissues, contrasting with its subdued expression in other organs. By synthesizing dual-luciferase reporter assay with co-immunoprecipitation analysis, it is pinpointed that miR-3960 specifically targets the nuclear gene TRMT5, a pivotal actor in the methylation of mitochondrial tRNA. This liaison instigates aberrations in the post-transcriptional modifications of mitochondrial tRNA, engendering deficiencies within the electron respiratory chain, primarily attributable to the diminution of the mitochondrial bioenergetic compound (NDUFA7) complex I. Such perturbations lead to a compromised mitochondrial respiratory capacity in renal tubular cells, thereby exacerbating tubular injury. In contrast, EV blockade or miR-3960 depletion markedly alleviates renal tubular injury in obesity. This investigation unveils a hitherto unexplored pathway by which obesity-induced circulating immune cells remotely manipulate mitochondrial metabolism in target organs. The strategic targeting of obese EVs or infiltrative immune cells and their specifically secreted RNAs emerges as a promising therapeutic avenue to forestall obesity-related renal afflictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqing Li
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Nephrology department, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital (Heyuan Shenhe People's Hospital), Jinan University, Heyuan, Guangdong, 517000, China
| | - Wah Yang
- Department of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Institute of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Nephrology department, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital (Heyuan Shenhe People's Hospital), Jinan University, Heyuan, Guangdong, 517000, China
| | - Zirun Zheng
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Nephrology department, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital (Heyuan Shenhe People's Hospital), Jinan University, Heyuan, Guangdong, 517000, China
| | - Xiayun Liu
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Nephrology department, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital (Heyuan Shenhe People's Hospital), Jinan University, Heyuan, Guangdong, 517000, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510400, China
| | - Yi Han
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, People's Hospital of Yanjiang District, Ziyang, Sichuan, 641300, China
| | - Zhangzhang Xiao
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Department of Nephrology, Houjie Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523945, China
| | - Ruichang Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Hongyue Li
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Nephrology department, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital (Heyuan Shenhe People's Hospital), Jinan University, Heyuan, Guangdong, 517000, China
| | - Sibo Huang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523000, China
| | - Cunchuan Wang
- Department of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Institute of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Lianghong Yin
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Huangpu Institute of Materials, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510663, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Nephrology department, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital (Heyuan Shenhe People's Hospital), Jinan University, Heyuan, Guangdong, 517000, China
- Nephrology Department and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Reconstruction, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital (Heyuan Shenhe People's Hospital), Jinan University, Heyuan, Guangdong, 517000, China
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Campos SB, Oliveira Filho JGD, Santos DCD, Egea MB. Daily intake of baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.), a Cerrado native almond, promotes changes in the intestinal microbiota of individuals with obesity: A pilot study. Food Res Int 2024; 187:114370. [PMID: 38763648 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The Brazilian Cerrado biome is rich in plant biodiversity, with fruits that have unique sensory characteristics and high nutritional quality. Among the various fruits, baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) has attracted the attention of researchers because of its high lipid, protein, carbohydrate, fiber, and micronutrient (minerals and vitamins) contents. The present study evaluated the effects of regular consumption of baru almonds for over 60 days on the biochemical and anthropometric profiles and fecal microbiota of obese individuals. A pilot study was conducted on 15 individuals with obesity who were instructed to consume a 20-gram portion of baru almonds throughout the day. The body composition was assessed using anthropometric measurements. Blood pressure, glucose levels, lipid profile, serum insulin and iron contents, and fecal microbiota composition were determined at baseline (day 0) and after 60 days. Baru almond consumption contributed to changes in biochemical parameters, improved HDL cholesterol levels, and reduced total and LDL cholesterol levels. Some positive changes in the microbiota composition after consuming baru almonds include a decrease in the Faecalibacterium family and an increase in the Provotella genus. Therefore, ingesting baru almonds can modulate gut microbiota of individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphani Borges Campos
- Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology, Campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Rural Area, 75901-970 Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Daiane Costa Dos Santos
- Goiás Federal University (UFG), Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, IPTSP - UFG, Street 235, s/n - East University Sector, CEP 74605-450, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Mariana Buranelo Egea
- Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology, Campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Rural Area, 75901-970 Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil.
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61
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Mendes NP, Cândido FG, Valente FX, Peluzio MDCG, Juvanhol LL, Alfenas RCG. Dietary advanced glycation end products, body composition, and anthropometric measures: A cross-sectional analysis in women with excess body weight. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1721-1730. [PMID: 38555239 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To assess the association between dietary advanced glycation end products (dAGEs) versus body composition and anthropometric variables. METHODS AND RESULTS Body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), anthropometry, and habitual food intake were cross-sectionally evaluated in women with excess body weight and body fat. Mean dAGEs content was estimated using a database containing the Nԑ-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) content of 549 foods, which was adjusted by mean energy intake, and categorized into low, medium, and high dAGEs, by the 10th and 50th percentiles of the sample. Associations were tested by linear regression adjusted for age, education, marital status, and physical activity level. Eighty participants had mean ± standard deviation dAGEs 7.85 ± 2.65 AGEs kU/kcal. Compared with high dAGEs, women with low dAGEs ingested more carbohydrate (62% vs. 50% of calories, p < 0.001) and fiber (≈25 g vs. ≈18 g, p = 0.027) and less protein (13% vs. 17% of calories, p = 0.006) and fat (26% vs. 33% of calories, p = 0.011). Women with low dAGEs had waist/hip ratio 0.05 higher than those with high dAGEs (R2 = 0.256, p = 0.005). Low dAGEs relative to medium (p = 0.009) and high (p = 0.002) dAGEs was associated with a ≈5% gynoid fat reduction (R2 = 0.164). CONCLUSION Low dAGEs was associated with a higher waist/hip ratio and lower percentage of gynoid fat in women with excess body weight and excess body fat. REGISTRATION NUMBER RBR-7z358j.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nélia P Mendes
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, s/nº, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Centro, 35570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Flávia G Cândido
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, s/nº, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Centro, 35570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávia X Valente
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, s/nº, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Centro, 35570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo G Peluzio
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, s/nº, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Centro, 35570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Leidjaira L Juvanhol
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, s/nº, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Centro, 35570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Rita C G Alfenas
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, s/nº, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Centro, 35570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Qi J, Xia C, Zhang Y, Ding R, Zhang Y, Cao W, Duan C, Yao Z, Qin H, Ye Y, Qu P, Li Y, Liu E. Impact of high-fat diet on ovarian epigenetics: Insights from altered intestinal butyric acid levels. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33170. [PMID: 39021996 PMCID: PMC11252756 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the gut bacterium Roseburia intestinalis and butyric acid levels, and to assess their impact on ovarian function and epigenetic markers in mice. Methods A total of 20 female ICR mice aged 4 weeks were randomly assigned to two groups and fed either a control diet (CD) or an HFD for 36 weeks. Post-intervention, ileal contents were analyzed for the quantification of butyric acid using ELISA, while feces were obtained for Roseburia intestinalis expression assessment via qPCR. Histological evaluations of intestinal and ovarian tissues included H&E and Alcian Blue-Periodic Acid Schiff (AB-PAS) staining, alongside immunohistochemical analysis for F4/80, and immunofluorescent detection of Occludin, ZO-1, 5 mC, and H3K36me3. Ovarian health was assessed through follicle counts and morphological evaluations. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0, with P < 0.05 considered significant. Results After 36 weeks, the HFD group showed significantly higher body weight compared to the CD group (P < 0.01). The HFD led to a decrease in Roseburia intestinalis and butyric acid levels, a reduction in intestinal goblet cells, and an increase in intestinal inflammation. Histological analyses revealed impaired ovarian follicular development and enhanced inflammation in the HFD mice, with immunofluorescent staining showing downregulation of the ovarian epigenetic markers 5 mC and H3K36me3. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that long-term HFD negatively impacts ovarian function and epigenetic regulation. We found decreased levels of the gut bacterium Roseburia intestinalis and its metabolite, butyric acid, which contribute to these adverse effects. Additionally, the associated intestinal inflammation and compromised mucosal barrier may contribute to these adverse outcomes on female reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Qi
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, China
| | - Congcong Xia
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruike Ding
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenbin Cao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenjing Duan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, China
| | - Zijing Yao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongyu Qin
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun Ye
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengxiang Qu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, China
| | - Yandong Li
- Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, China
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Zielińska M, Łuszczki E, Szymańska A, Dereń K. Food addiction and the physical and mental health status of adults with overweight and obesity. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17639. [PMID: 38952972 PMCID: PMC11216192 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity now affect more than a third of the world's population. They are strongly associated with somatic diseases, in particular increasing the risk of many metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, but also with mental disorders. In particular, there is a strong association between obesity and depression. As a result, more attention is paid to the neurobiological, behavioural, and psychological mechanisms involved in eating. One of these is food addiction (FA). Research comparing lifestyle elements, physical and mental health problems of excess body weight and individuals with FA is limited and has focused on younger people, mainly students. There is also a lack of studies that relate actual metabolic parameters to FA. To better understand the problem of FA also in older adults, it is important to understand the specific relationships between these variables. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 172 adults with overweight and obesity (82% female) aged 23-85 years. The mean age of all subjects was M = 59.97 years (SD = 11.93), the mean BMI was M = 32.05 kg/m2 (SD = 4.84), and the mean body fat was M = 39.12% (SD = 6.48). The following questionnaires were used: Food Frequency Questionnaire-6 (FFQ-6), Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 (TFEQ-R18), Yale Food Addiction Scale 2. 0 (YFAS 2.0), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Body composition, anthropometry, fasting glucose, lipid profile, and blood pressure were measured. Results A total of 22.7% of participants with overweight and obesity had symptoms of depression according to the SDS, and 18.6% met the criteria for FA according to YFAS 2.0. FA was statistically significantly more common among people up to 50 years. BMI, body fat mass, diastolic blood pressure and sedentary behaviour were statistically significantly higher in people with FA symptoms. Those who were sedentary for 301-450 min per day were significantly more likely to have depressive symptoms, and those who were sedentary for more than 450 min per day were significantly more likely to have FA symptoms. Conclusions Our findings complement the current literature on FA, particularly in older adults and metabolic parameters, and suggest further research directions. Although our cross-sectional study design does not allow causal interpretations, increasing physical activity appears to be particularly important in the management of people with overweight or obesity and FA. This may be even more important than for people with depression alone, but future research is needed to explore these relationships further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zielińska
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Anna Szymańska
- Rzeszów Association for Disabled and Autistic Children SOLIS RADIUS, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dereń
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
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Kurose S, Onishi K, Miyauchi T, Takahashi K, Kimura Y. Effects of weight loss rate on myostatin and follistatin dynamics in patients with obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1418177. [PMID: 39006362 PMCID: PMC11239380 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1418177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise-induced cytokines involved in controlling body composition include myostatin (MST) and follistatin (FST), both of which are influenced by physical activity. This study investigated changes in body composition and physical activity during a weight loss program, as well as the impact on serum MST and FST levels at various weight loss rates. Methods A total of 126 patients with obesity who completed a 6-month weight loss program were divided into three groups based on weight loss rate (%): low (< 3%), middle (3-10%), and high (≥10%). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used for assessing physical activity, whereas dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to determine body composition. Serum MST and FST levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The middle and high groups showed a significant decrease in percent body fat and a significant increase in percent lean body mass and physical activity. Serum MST levels increased significantly in all three groups, although FST levels reduced significantly only in the middle group. After adjusting for sex and body composition, changes in peak oxygen intake (β = -0.359) and serum FST levels (β = -0.461) were identified as independent factors for the change in MST levels in the low group. Sex (β = -0.420) and changes in MST levels (β = -0.525) were identified as independent factors for the change in serum FST levels in the low group, whereas in the high group, sitting time (β = -0.600) during the weight loss program was identified as an independent factor for change in serum FST levels. Conclusion Serum MST levels in patients with obesity increased significantly following the weight loss program, independent of weight loss rate. In contrast, serum FST levels reduced significantly only in the 3-10% weight loss group. These findings indicate that MST and FST secretion dynamics may fluctuate in response to physical activity, while also reflecting feedback regulation of body composition and metabolism during weight reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kurose
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuko Onishi
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takumi Miyauchi
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Medicine II, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kimura
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
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Wen W, Fan H, Zhang S, Hu S, Chen C, Tang J, You Y, Wang C, Li J, Luo L, Cheng Y, Zhou M, Zhao X, Tan T, Xu F, Fu X, Chen J, Dong P, Zhang X, Wang M, Feng Y. Associations between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Am J Med Sci 2024:S0002-9629(24)01323-5. [PMID: 38944203 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2024.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to metabolic syndrome and remains a major global health burden. The increased prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worldwide has contributed to the rising incidence of NAFLD. It is widely believed that atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is associated with NAFLD. In the past decade, the clinical implications of NAFLD have gone beyond liver-related morbidity and mortality, with a majority of patient deaths attributed to malignancy, coronary heart disease (CHD), and other cardiovascular (CVD) complications. To better define fatty liver disease associated with metabolic disorders, experts proposed a new term in 2020 - metabolic dysfunction associated with fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Along with this new designation, updated diagnostic criteria were introduced, resulting in some differentiation between NAFLD and MAFLD patient populations, although there is overlap. The aim of this review is to explore the relationship between MAFLD and ASCVD based on the new definitions and diagnostic criteria, while briefly discussing potential mechanisms underlying cardiovascular disease in patients with MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Fan
- School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China
| | - Siqi Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China
| | - Jiake Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China
| | - Yao You
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China
| | - Chunyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Hangzhou Ruolin Hospital Management Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Yongran Cheng
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Mengyun Zhou
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3900803, Japan
| | - Xuezhi Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Faculty of Applied Science, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Fangfang Xu
- Strategy Research and Knowledge Information Center, SAIC Motor Group, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyan Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China
| | - Peng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China
| | - Xingwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China.
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China.
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Acharjee A, Wijesinghe SN, Russ D, Gkoutos G, Jones SW. Cross-species transcriptomics identifies obesity associated genes between human and mouse studies. J Transl Med 2024; 22:592. [PMID: 38918843 PMCID: PMC11197204 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fundamentally defined by an imbalance in energy consumption and energy expenditure, obesity is a significant risk factor of several musculoskeletal conditions including osteoarthritis (OA). High-fat diets and sedentary lifestyle leads to increased adiposity resulting in systemic inflammation due to the endocrine properties of adipose tissue producing inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. We previously showed serum levels of specific adipokines are associated with biomarkers of bone remodelling and cartilage volume loss in knee OA patients. Whilst more recently we find the metabolic consequence of obesity drives the enrichment of pro-inflammatory fibroblast subsets within joint synovial tissues in obese individuals compared to those of BMI defined 'health weight'. As such this present study identifies obesity-associated genes in OA joint tissues which are conserved across species and conditions. METHODS The study utilised 6 publicly available bulk and single-cell transcriptomic datasets from human and mice studies downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Machine learning models were employed to model and statistically test datasets for conserved gene expression profiles. Identified genes were validated in OA tissues from obese and healthy weight individuals using quantitative PCR method (N = 38). Obese and healthy-weight patients were categorised by BMI > 30 and BMI between 18 and 24.9 respectively. Informed consent was obtained from all study participants who were scheduled to undergo elective arthroplasty. RESULTS Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate the variations between classes of mouse and human data which confirmed variation between obese and healthy populations. Differential gene expression analysis filtered on adjusted p-values of p < 0.05, identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in mouse and human datasets. DEGs were analysed further using area under curve (AUC) which identified 12 genes. Pathway enrichment analysis suggests these genes were involved in the biosynthesis and elongation of fatty acids and the transport, oxidation, and catabolic processing of lipids. qPCR validation found the majority of genes showed a tendency to be upregulated in joint tissues from obese participants. Three validated genes, IGFBP2 (p = 0.0363), DOK6 (0.0451) and CASP1 (0.0412) were found to be significantly different in obese joint tissues compared to lean-weight joint tissues. CONCLUSIONS The present study has employed machine learning models across several published obesity datasets to identify obesity-associated genes which are validated in joint tissues from OA. These results suggest obesity-associated genes are conserved across conditions and may be fundamental in accelerating disease in obese individuals. Whilst further validations and additional conditions remain to be tested in this model, identifying obesity-associated genes in this way may serve as a global aid for patient stratification giving rise to the potential of targeted therapeutic interventions in such patient subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Acharjee
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- MRC Health Data Research UK (HDR UK), Birmingham, UK.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Foundation Trust, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- Centre for Health Data Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Susanne N Wijesinghe
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dominic Russ
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- MRC Health Data Research UK (HDR UK), Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Foundation Trust, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Health Data Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Georgios Gkoutos
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- MRC Health Data Research UK (HDR UK), Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Foundation Trust, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Health Data Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Simon W Jones
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Papazafiropoulou AK. Diabetes management in the era of artificial intelligence. Arch Med Sci Atheroscler Dis 2024; 9:e122-e128. [PMID: 39086621 PMCID: PMC11289240 DOI: 10.5114/amsad/183420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence is growing quickly, and its application in the global diabetes pandemic has the potential to completely change the way this chronic illness is identified and treated. Machine learning methods have been used to construct algorithms supporting predictive models for the risk of getting diabetes or its complications. Social media and Internet forums also increase patient participation in diabetes care. Diabetes resource usage optimisation has benefited from technological improvements. As a lifestyle therapy intervention, digital therapies have made a name for themselves in the treatment of diabetes. Artificial intelligence will cause a paradigm shift in diabetes care, moving away from current methods and toward the creation of focused, data-driven precision treatment.
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Liberty IA, Septadina IS, Mariana, Novita E, Amalia R, Ananingsih ES, Hasyim H, Hanifah L. The characteristics and risk of obesity central and concomitant impaired fasting glucose: Findings from a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305604. [PMID: 38917085 PMCID: PMC11198825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is associated with concomitant chronic conditions. An early metabolic consequence of obesity is disruption of glucose and insulin homeostasis. One of the consequences is impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Visceral fat is metabolically more harmful than subcutaneous fat, but few information is available regarding the association between the risk of abnormal glucose in increased waist circumference. METHODS This study is based on a cross sectional of 1,381 population-based from Palembang, Indonesia. The eligibility requirements subject were to be older than 18 and consent to taking fasting glucose and lipid profile tests as well as physical exams measuring their body weight, height, blood pressure, abdominal circumference, and waist circumference. RESULTS The number of subjects consisting of 798 noncentral obesity with normoglycemia, 376 central obesity with normoglycemia, and 207 central obesity with concomitant IFG. The prevalence central obesity with concomitant IFG was 35.51%. In subjects with central obesity, there were significant differences in proportions based on sex, age, marital status, education, and occupation. In multivariate analysis show that the risk factors that contribute to having a significant association with central obesity with concomitant IFG are sex (female), age (>40 years), blood pressure (hypertension), and HDL-C <50 mg/dL (p<0.001). The analysis also founded that there was a significant difference in the dietary pattern of sweet foods (p = 0.018), sweet drinks (p = 0.002), soft drinks (p = 0.001) and smoking habit (p<0.001) between subjects with obesity central and concomitant IFG compared to subjects with noncentral obesity. The majority of subjects with obesity central and concomitant IFG had consuming these risky foods >6 times/week. CONCLUSION The prevalence of central obesity with IFG is quite high. There are significant differences in the characteristics, lipid profile, blood pressure, dietary pattern, and smoking habit of central obesity with concomitant IFG was confirmed in this population-based observational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iche Andriyani Liberty
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Indri Seta Septadina
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Mariana
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Emma Novita
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Resi Amalia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah, Palembang, Indonesia
| | | | - Hamzah Hasyim
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Laily Hanifah
- Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Wijayabahu AT, Shiels MS, Arend RC, Clarke MA. Uterine cancer incidence trends and 5-year relative survival by race/ethnicity and histology among women under 50 years. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024:S0002-9378(24)00694-X. [PMID: 38925206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine cancers diagnosed before age 50 years are increasing in the U.S., but changes in clinical characteristics and survival over time across racial/ethnic groups have not been previously described. OBJECTIVE To investigate age-adjusted, hysterectomy corrected incidence rates and trends, and 5-year relative survival rates of uterine cancer in women aged <50 years, overall and stratified by race/ethnicity and histology. STUDY DESIGN We included microscopically confirmed uterine cancer cases (diagnosed 2000-2019) in women aged 20 to 49 years from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Age-adjusted incidence and 5-year relative survival rates, and 95% confidence intervals were computed using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) ∗Stat and compared across time periods (2000-2009 and 2010-2019). Incidence rates were adjusted for hysterectomy prevalence using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, and trends were computed using the Joinpoint regression program. RESULTS We included 57,128 uterine cancer cases. The incidence of uterine cancer increased from 10.1 per 100,000 in 2000-2009 to 12.0 per 100,000 in 2010-2019, increasing at an annual rate of 1.7%/y for the entire period. Rising trends were more pronounced among women <40 years (3.0%/y and 3.3%/y in 20-29 and 30-39 years, respectively) than in those 40 to 49 years (1.3%/y), and among underrepresented racial/ethnic groups (Hispanic 2.8%/y, non-Hispanic-Black 2.7%, non-Hispanic-Asian/Pacific Islander 2.1%) than in non-Hispanic-White (0.9%/y). Recent (2010-2019) incidence rates were highest for endometrioid (9.6 per 100,000), followed by sarcomas (1.2), and nonendometrioid subtypes (0.9). Rates increased significantly for endometrioid subtypes at 1.9%/y from 2000 to 2019. Recent endometrioid and nonendometrioid rates were highest in non-Hispanic-Native American/Alaska Native (15.2 and 1.4 per 100,000), followed by Hispanic (10.9 and 1.0), non-Hispanic-Asian/Pacific Islander (10.2 and 0.9), non-Hispanic-White (9.4 and 0.8), and lowest in non-Hispanic-Black women (6.4 and 0.8). Sarcoma rates were highest in non-Hispanic-Black women (1.8 per 100,000). The 5-year relative survival remained unchanged over time for women with endometrioid (from 93.4% in 2000-2009 to 93.9% in 2010-2019, P≥.05) and nonendometrioid subtypes (from 73.2% to 73.2%, P≥.05) but decreased for women with sarcoma from 69.8% (2000-2009) to 66.4% (2010-2019, P<.05). CONCLUSION Uterine cancer incidence rates in women <50 years have increased from 2000 to 2019 while survival has remained relatively unchanged. Incidence trends can be primarily attributed to increasing rates of cancers with endometrioid histology, with the greatest increases observed among non-Hispanic-Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic-Asian/Pacific Islander. Sarcomas, while much rarer, were the second most common type of uterine cancer among women <50 years and have poor prognosis and apparent decreasing survival over time. Rising rates of uterine cancer and the distinct epidemiologic patterns among women <50 years highlight the need for effective prevention and early detection strategies for uterine cancer in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi T Wijayabahu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD.
| | - Meredith S Shiels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Rebecca C Arend
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology-Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Megan A Clarke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
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Won YS, Bak SG, Chandimali N, Park EH, Lim HJ, Kwon HS, Park SI, Lee SJ. 7-MEGA™ inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and suppresses obesity in high-fat-diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:192. [PMID: 38909257 PMCID: PMC11193219 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight, often known as obesity, is the abnormal and excessive accumulation of fat that exposes the health of a person at risk by increasing the likelihood that they may experience many chronic conditions. Consequently, obesity has become a global health threat, presenting serious health issues, and attracting a lot of attention in the healthcare profession and the scientific community. METHOD This study aims to explore the anti-adipogenic properties of 7-MEGA™ in an attempt to address obesity, using both in vitro and in vivo research. The effects of 7MEGA™ at three distinct concentrations were investigated in obese mice who were given a high-fat diet (HFD) and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. RESULTS 7MEGA™ decreased the total fat mass, overall body weight, and the perirenal and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (PWAT and SWAT) contents in HFD mice. Additionally, 7MEGA™ showed promise in improving the metabolic health of individuals with obesity and regulate the levels of insulin hormone, pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. Furthermore, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) α and γ, Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP-1), Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 1 (SREBP-1), Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 (FABP4), Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS), Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC), Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 (SCD-1) and CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein (C/EBPα) were among the adipogenic regulators that 7MEGA™ could regulate. CONCLUSION In summary, this study uncovered that 7MEGA™ demonstrates anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity effects, suggesting its potential in combating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Seon Won
- Division of Research Management, Department of Bioresource Industrialization, Honam National Institute of Biological Resource, Mokpo, 58762, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Gyeong Bak
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-Gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Nisansala Chandimali
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-Gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hyun Park
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-Gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jin Lim
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Se Kwon
- R&D Team, Food & Supplement Health Claims, Vitech, Jeonju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Jae Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-Gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Applied Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Boychenko S, Egorova VS, Brovin A, Egorov AD. White-to-Beige and Back: Adipocyte Conversion and Transcriptional Reprogramming. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:790. [PMID: 38931457 PMCID: PMC11206576 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a pandemic, as currently more than half a billion people worldwide are obese. The etiology of obesity is multifactorial, and combines a contribution of hereditary and behavioral factors, such as nutritional inadequacy, along with the influences of environment and reduced physical activity. Two types of adipose tissue widely known are white and brown. While white adipose tissue functions predominantly as a key energy storage, brown adipose tissue has a greater mass of mitochondria and expresses the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene, which allows thermogenesis and rapid catabolism. Even though white and brown adipocytes are of different origin, activation of the brown adipocyte differentiation program in white adipose tissue cells forces them to transdifferentiate into "beige" adipocytes, characterized by thermogenesis and intensive lipolysis. Nowadays, researchers in the field of small molecule medicinal chemistry and gene therapy are making efforts to develop new drugs that effectively overcome insulin resistance and counteract obesity. Here, we discuss various aspects of white-to-beige conversion, adipose tissue catabolic re-activation, and non-shivering thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Boychenko
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Vera S. Egorova
- Biotechnology Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia
| | - Andrew Brovin
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexander D. Egorov
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
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Sooriyaarachchi P, Jayawardena R, Pavey T, King NA. A low-calorie meal replacement improves body composition and metabolic parameters in shift workers with overweight and obesity: a randomized, controlled, parallel group trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:32. [PMID: 38858723 PMCID: PMC11165784 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shift work has been identified as a risk factor for several chronic health conditions including obesity. This study evaluated the impact of a low-calorie meal replacement (MR) as a dinner substitute on body composition and metabolic parameters in shift workers with overweight and obesity. METHODS An 8-week parallel, randomized controlled trial was conducted on overweight and obese shift workers in a large hospital. An intervention group (IG) (n = 25) was provided with a low-calorie MR shake (∼200 kcal) as a replacement for dinner, every day for 8 weeks, while the control group (CG) (n = 25) continued their habitual diet. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, biochemical, and lifestyle data were assessed at the first and last visits. Analyses were done per protocol (PP) and by intention to treat (ITT). RESULTS Over the study duration, both groups displayed moderate changes in anthropometric measurements and body composition, although these were not statistically significant according to the PP analysis. In the ITT analysis, apart from the hip circumference (HC), all other anthropometric parameters demonstrated significant group and time interactions, suggesting the advantageous effects of the meal replacement over the study period (P < 0.05). HDL and VLDL cholesterol measures showed significant main effects, influenced by both group (P = 0.031) and time (P = 0.050) respectively. The most pronounced dietary shift in the IG was a reduction in carbohydrate consumption and an increase in protein intake. Throughout the study, the meal replacement was well-tolerated, with no adverse events reported. CONCLUSIONS The meal replacement dietary intervention appears to offer beneficial health effects over time. Extended research is crucial to understand the broader implications of meal replacements across diverse populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12622000231741. Registered on 09 February 2022. https://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12622000231741.aspx .
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Affiliation(s)
- Piumika Sooriyaarachchi
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Health and Wellness Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | - Ranil Jayawardena
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Nawaloka Hospital Research and Education Foundation, Nawaloka Hospitals PLC, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Toby Pavey
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Neil A King
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Alqassimi S, Elmakki E, Areeshi AS, Aburasain ABM, Majrabi AH, Masmali EMA, Refaei EAI, Mobaraki RAA, Qahtani RMA, Oraibi O, Darraj M, Madkhali MA, Mohrag M. Overweight, Obesity, and Associated Risk Factors among Students at the Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:940. [PMID: 38929557 PMCID: PMC11206014 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and the associated risk factors among medical students at Jazan University in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 228 medical students from their second to sixth academic years at the Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data regarding sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, dietary habits, comorbidities, medication use, family history, and lifestyle factors. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, and waist circumference were recorded. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to identify the risk factors associated with obesity. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the participants was 13.3% and 15%, respectively. Hence, the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity is 28.3%. The mean weight was 63.39 ± 18.93 kg, and the mean height was 163.48 ± 9.78 cm. On the other hand, 17.3% of participants were underweight, whereas 54.4% had normal BMI. Most of the participants (61%) did not engage in regular exercise. A high proportion consumed fruits (82.9%) and vegetables (58.8%) 3 or fewer days per week, and 84.2% consumed 3 or fewer meals per day. Fast-food consumption more than 3 days per week was reported by 42.1% of participants. Obesity was not significantly associated with sociodemographic factors, physical activity, dietary habits, comorbidities, medication use, or family histories. However, those with a monthly family income of SAR 15,000-24,999 had significantly lower odds of obesity than those in the lowest income group (OR 0.230, p = 0.045). Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among medical students at Jazan University is high. Although no significant associations were found between obesity and most risk factors, this study highlights the need for interventions that promote healthy lifestyles among medical students. Further research is needed to identify effective strategies for preventing and managing obesity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Alqassimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia; (E.E.); (O.O.); (M.D.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Erwa Elmakki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia; (E.E.); (O.O.); (M.D.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Areej Siddiq Areeshi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (A.B.M.A.); (A.H.M.); (E.M.A.M.); (E.A.I.R.); (R.A.A.M.); (R.M.A.Q.)
| | - Amani Baker Mohammed Aburasain
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (A.B.M.A.); (A.H.M.); (E.M.A.M.); (E.A.I.R.); (R.A.A.M.); (R.M.A.Q.)
| | - Aisha Hassan Majrabi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (A.B.M.A.); (A.H.M.); (E.M.A.M.); (E.A.I.R.); (R.A.A.M.); (R.M.A.Q.)
| | - Enas Mohammed Ali Masmali
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (A.B.M.A.); (A.H.M.); (E.M.A.M.); (E.A.I.R.); (R.A.A.M.); (R.M.A.Q.)
| | - Eman Adel Ibrahim Refaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (A.B.M.A.); (A.H.M.); (E.M.A.M.); (E.A.I.R.); (R.A.A.M.); (R.M.A.Q.)
| | - Raghad Abdu Ali Mobaraki
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (A.B.M.A.); (A.H.M.); (E.M.A.M.); (E.A.I.R.); (R.A.A.M.); (R.M.A.Q.)
| | - Reem Mohammed A. Qahtani
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (A.B.M.A.); (A.H.M.); (E.M.A.M.); (E.A.I.R.); (R.A.A.M.); (R.M.A.Q.)
| | - Omar Oraibi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia; (E.E.); (O.O.); (M.D.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Majid Darraj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia; (E.E.); (O.O.); (M.D.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Mohammed Ali Madkhali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia; (E.E.); (O.O.); (M.D.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Mostafa Mohrag
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia; (E.E.); (O.O.); (M.D.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.)
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Ljubojević A, Sekulić Z, Vučković I, Vukić Z, Pašić G, Marković S, Alexe DI, Kwok N, Perić R. Overweight and obesity prevalence: a pilot implementation of the ‟COSI" methodology in the Republic of Srpska. Cent Eur J Public Health 2024; 32:71-76. [PMID: 39072689 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a8219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Childhood obesity has become a worldwide public health concern over the past decade, counting Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) was established by the World Health Organization (WHO) to address the lack of standardized surveillance data on childhood obesity. However, BiH and its entity, Republic of Srpska (RS), are failing inclusion in such initiative, which hinders efforts to monitor and address the issue. Henceforth, the objective of this nationally funded study was to gather and analyse data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary-school children in RS by implementing the COSI methodology. METHODS Weight, height, and BMI of first, second, and third grade children (aged 6-8), from 11 schools (N = 2,030) in the RS region was analysed according to the standardized COSI protocol. RESULTS The prevalence rates of overall overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) observed were 14.37% (OW 9.09%, OB 5.21%). No gender-related differences were noted (boys 14.36%, girls 14.88%). CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight a concerning trend of increasing overweight and obesity prevalence with age among primary-school children in the RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ljubojević
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia
| | - Zeljko Sekulić
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia
| | - Igor Vučković
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia
| | - Zeljko Vukić
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia
| | - Goran Pašić
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia
| | - Saša Marković
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia
| | - Dan Iulian Alexe
- Faculty of Movement, Sports and Health Sciences, Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacau, Bacau, Romania
| | - Ng Kwok
- Faculty of Education, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Institute of Innovation and Sports Sciences, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ratko Perić
- Exercise Physiology Department, Orthopaedic Clinic OrthoSport Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia
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Hailstone L, Tovmassian D, Nguyen CL, Wong P, Le Page PA, Martin D, Taylor C. Medium-Term Outcomes from a Series of 1000 One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass in Australia: A Case Series. Obes Surg 2024; 34:2111-2115. [PMID: 38609707 PMCID: PMC11127843 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study presents the short- (less than 6 months) and medium-term (6 months to 2 years) outcomes for weight loss and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for all patients undergoing one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) across multiple institutions between 2015 and 2021. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected databases was performed including 1022 participants who underwent OAGB at multiple institutions by multiple surgeons between 2015 and 2021. Primary outcome was percentage total weight loss (TWL) and secondary outcomes were achieving resolution of T2DM; OAGB specific short- and medium-term complications including bile reflux, marginal ulceration and internal herniation. RESULTS One thousand and twenty-two patients underwent OAGB (81% primary surgery). A percentage of 34.1% (n = 349) had a preoperative diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Mean TWL was 33.6 ± 9% with a T2DM remission rate of 74% at 1-year post-op. Rates of bile reflux and marginal ulceration was 1.1% (n = 11) and 1.1% (n = 11). There were no cases of internal herniation during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION OAGB results has echoed previously published work as being efficacious and safe in a short-medium term. The prevalence of complications, especially bile reflux is overall low in our population and no current evidence exists to support an increased risk of metaplasia or malignancy related to bile within the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hailstone
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Tovmassian
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Chu Luan Nguyen
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pearl Wong
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - David Martin
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Craig Taylor
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Bailey C, Lim SL. Investigating psychological mechanisms of self-controlled decisions for food and leisure activity. J Behav Med 2024; 47:458-470. [PMID: 38342789 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining a healthy body weight requires balancing energy intake and expenditure. While previous research investigated energy input or food decisions, little is known about energy output or leisure activity decisions. By combining experimental decision-making paradigms and computational approaches, we investigated the psychological mechanisms of self-controlled food and leisure activity decisions through the effects of reward-oriented and health-oriented preferences as well as body weight status, stress, and coping. Based on individual's responses, the self-controlled food and leisure activity choices were indexed as the proportions of "no" unhealthy but tasty (or enjoyable) (inhibitory self-control against short-term pleasure) and "yes" healthy but not tasty (or not enjoyable) responses (initiatory self-control for long-term health benefits). The successful self-control decisions for food and leisure activity were positively correlated with each other, r = 22, p < .01. In beta regression analyses, the successful self-controlled food decisions decreased as the taste-oriented process increased, β = - 0.50, z = -2.99, p < .005, and increased as the health-oriented process increased, β = 1.57, z = 4.68, p < .001. Similarly, the successful self-controlled leisure activity decisions decreased as the enjoyment-oriented process increased, β = - 0.79, z = -5.31, p < .001, and increased as the health-oriented process increased, β = 0.66, z = 2.19, p < .05. The effects of the other factors were not significant. Overall, our findings demonstrated the mutual interrelationship between food and leisure activity decision-making and suggest that encouraging health-oriented processes may benefit both energy input and expenditure domains and improve self-controlled choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Bailey
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 5030 Cherry St, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Seung-Lark Lim
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 5030 Cherry St, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.
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Campbell AC, Calais-Ferreira L, Hahn E, Spinath FM, Hopper JL, Young JT. Familial confounding of internalising symptoms and obesity in adolescents and young adults; a co-twin analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:876-883. [PMID: 38360935 PMCID: PMC11129947 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and internalising disorders, including depression and anxiety, often co-occur. There is evidence that familial confounding contributes to the co-occurrence of internalising disorders and obesity in adults. However, its impact on this association among young people is unclear. Our study investigated the extent to which familial factors confound the association between internalising disorders and obesity in adolescents and young adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS We used a matched co-twin design to investigate the impact of confounding by familial factors on associations between internalising symptoms and obesity in a sample of 4018 twins aged 16 to 27 years. RESULTS High levels of internalising symptoms compared to low levels increased the odds of obesity for the whole cohort (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5, 6.8), and in females (AOR = 4.1, 95% CI 1.5, 11.1), but not in males (AOR = 2.8 95% CI 0.8, 10.0). We found evidence that internalising symptoms were associated with an increased between-pair odds of obesity (AOR 6.2, 95% CI 1.7, 22.8), using the paired analysis but not using a within-pair association, which controls for familial confounding. Sex-stratified analyses indicated high internalising symptoms were associated with increased between-pair odds of obesity for females (AOR 12.9, 95% CI 2.2, 76.8), but this attenuated to the null using within-pair analysis. We found no evidence of between or within-pair associations for males and weak evidence that sex modified the association between internalising symptoms and obesity (likelihood ratio test p = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS Some familial factors shared by twins confound the association between internalising symptoms and obesity in adolescent and young adult females. Internalising symptoms and obesity were not associated for adolescent and young adult males. Therefore, prevention and treatment efforts should especially address familial shared determinants of obesity, particularly targeted at female adolescents and young adults with internalising symptoms and those with a family history of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Charles Campbell
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Justice Health Group, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Lucas Calais-Ferreira
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Justice Health Group, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health and Community Wellbeing, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Hahn
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Frank M Spinath
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jesse T Young
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, OC, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, OC, Canada
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78
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Patra D, Ramprasad P, Sharma S, Dey U, Kumar V, Singh S, Dasgupta S, Kumar A, Tikoo K, Pal D. Adipose tissue macrophage-derived microRNA-210-3p disrupts systemic insulin sensitivity by silencing GLUT4 in obesity. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107328. [PMID: 38679332 PMCID: PMC11145551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Management of chronic obesity-associated metabolic disorders is a key challenge for biomedical researchers. During chronic obesity, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) undergoes substantial transformation characterized by a unique lipid-rich hypoxic AT microenvironment which plays a crucial role in VAT dysfunction, leading to insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. Here, we demonstrate that obese AT microenvironment triggers the release of miR-210-3p microRNA-loaded extracellular vesicles from adipose tissue macrophages, which disseminate miR-210-3p to neighboring adipocytes, skeletal muscle cells, and hepatocytes through paracrine and endocrine actions, thereby influencing insulin sensitivity. Moreover, EVs collected from Dicer-silenced miR-210-3p-overexpressed bone marrow-derived macrophages induce glucose intolerance and IR in lean mice. Mechanistically, miR-210-3p interacts with the 3'-UTR of GLUT4 mRNA and silences its expression, compromising cellular glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity. Therapeutic inhibition of miR-210-3p in VAT notably rescues high-fat diet-fed mice from obesity-induced systemic glucose intolerance. Thus, targeting adipose tissue macrophage-specific miR-210-3p during obesity could be a promising strategy for managing IR and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarun Patra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Palla Ramprasad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Shivam Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NIPER, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Upalabdha Dey
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NIPER, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Satpal Singh
- Department of Gastro Surgery, DMC&H, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Suman Dasgupta
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Aditya Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Kulbhushan Tikoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NIPER, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Durba Pal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India.
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79
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Machado Carvalhais R, Siochi C, Harutyunyan G, Segura Torres D, Shahmoradi V, Sobieraj P, Canuto Miller A, Jesmajian S. Differences in the Impact of Obesity and Bariatric Surgery on Patients Hospitalized for Atrial Flutter and Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Analysis, 2016-2020. Cureus 2024; 16:e62284. [PMID: 39006678 PMCID: PMC11245680 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The "obesity paradox" claims that although obesity is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation, obese patients have lower inpatient mortality when admitted due to atrial fibrillation. This study aims to analyze if the obesity paradox still holds true after weight loss from bariatric surgery. Methods: This study analyzed discharge data from the National Inpatient Sample, 2016-2020. Patients admitted due to atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, with or without obesity, and with or without a past medical history of bariatric surgery were identified using ICD-10-CM and ICD-10-PCS codes. The primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, resource utilization, necessity for endotracheal intubation, and necessity for cardioversion. STATA v.13 was used for univariate and multivariate analysis (StataCorp LLC, Texas, USA). RESULTS Among 2,292,194 patients who had a primary diagnosis of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, 494,830 were obese and 25,940 had bariatric surgery. Mortality was not significantly different in post-bariatric surgery patients when compared to the general population (OR 0.76; 95% [CI 0.482-1.2; p=0.24]). Mortality was significantly lower in obese patients when compared to the general population (OR 0.646; 95% [CI 0.583-0.717; p<0.001]). Therefore, post-bariatric surgery patients had a higher mortality than obese patients when compared to the general population. Obese patients spent more days in the hospital (regression 0.219; 95% [CI 0.19-0.248, p<0.001]), had higher resource utilization (regression 3491.995; 95% [CI 2870.085-4113.905, p<0.001]), more cardioversions (OR 1.434; 95% [CI 1.404-1.465; p<0.001]), and no difference in endotracheal intubation rate (OR 1.02; 95% [CI 0.92-1.127; p=0.724]) when compared to the general population. Post-bariatric patients had no difference in length of stay (regression -0.053; 95% [CI -0.137-0.031; p=0.218]) and resource utilization (regression 577.297; 95% [CI -1069.801-2224.396; p=0.492]), fewer endotracheal intubations (OR 0.583; 95% [CI 0.343-0.99; p=0.046]), and more cardioversions (OR 1.223; 95% [CI 1.134-1.32; p<0.001]) when compared to the general population. CONCLUSION Compared to the general population, post-bariatric patients had higher inpatient mortality than obese patients when admitted due to atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. This research reinforces the presence of the obesity paradox following bariatric surgery with respect to mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Machado Carvalhais
- Internal Medicine, Montefiore New Rochelle Hospital, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Rochelle, USA
| | - Christian Siochi
- Internal Medicine, Montefiore New Rochelle Hospital, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Rochelle, USA
| | - Gohar Harutyunyan
- Internal Medicine, Montefiore New Rochelle Hospital, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Rochelle, USA
| | - Danny Segura Torres
- Internal Medicine, Montefiore New Rochelle Hospital, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Rochelle, USA
| | - Vahe Shahmoradi
- Internal Medicine, Montefiore New Rochelle Hospital, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Rochelle, USA
| | - Peter Sobieraj
- Internal Medicine, Montefiore New Rochelle Hospital, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Rochelle, USA
| | - Aressa Canuto Miller
- Internal Medicine, Montefiore New Rochelle Hospital, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Rochelle, USA
| | - Stephen Jesmajian
- Internal Medicine, Montefiore New Rochelle Hospital, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Rochelle, USA
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80
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John JC, Ho J, Raber M, Basen-Engquist K, Jacobson L, Strong LL. Dyad and group-based interventions in physical activity, diet, and weight loss: a systematic review of the evidence. J Behav Med 2024; 47:355-373. [PMID: 38017250 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00457-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Studies show that interpersonal relations impact behavior change. Yet, a comprehensive review of their efficacy remains unclear. This systematic review examines the efficacy of dyadic and group-based studies that intervened on primary endpoints: diet, PA, and weight loss in adults and their networks. We searched five databases for eligible articles published from 1980 to present. Final inclusion and risk of bias were independently determined and agreed upon by two of the paper's co-authors. Nine dyads and twelve group-based studies were eligible. Of the studies, 36% (4/11) of PA studies, 60% (3/5) of diet studies and 57% (8/14) of studies with weight loss as primary outcomes, reported significant findings. Compared to dyadic interventions, a greater proportion of group-based interventions demonstrated efficacy in PA gain and weight loss as outcomes. Approximately 43% of studies demonstrated low to moderate methodological quality. This systematic review synthesized the evidence of dyadic and group studies that intervened on PA, diet, and weight in adults from the same network. Moderately-high risk of bias and lack of diverse representation restricts inferences around efficacy. High-quality rigorous research is needed to understand the efficacy of dyadic and group-based interventions in addressing these co-occurring endpoints of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C John
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Health Disparities Department, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - J Ho
- Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Raber
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K Basen-Engquist
- Health Disparities Department, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Jacobson
- School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - L L Strong
- Health Disparities Department, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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81
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Gjela M, Askeland A, Mellergaard M, Drewes AM, Handberg A, Frøkjær JB. Intra-pancreatic fat deposition and its relation to obesity: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:742-748. [PMID: 38557425 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2024.2333365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) is suspected to be associated with various medical conditions. This study aimed to assess pancreatic fat content in lean and obese individuals, characterize obese individuals with and without IPFD, and explore the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-two obese individuals without diabetes and 35 lean controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using proton density fat fraction (PDFF) maps to evaluate pancreatic and hepatic fat content, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) content. Pancreatic fibrosis was explored by T1 relaxation time and MR elastography (MRE) measurements. Associations between pancreatic fat, measures of obesity and metabolic syndrome were examined using uni- and multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS Pancreatic PDFF was higher in obese than in lean controls (median 8.0%, interquartile range (6.1;13.3) % vs 2.6(1.7;3.9)%, p < 0.001). Obese individuals with IPFD (PDFF ≥6.2%) had higher waist circumference (114.0 ± 12.5 cm vs 105.2 ± 8.7 cm, p = 0.007) and VAT (224.9(142.1; 316.1) cm2 vs 168.2(103.4; 195.3) cm2, p < 0.001) than those without. In univariate analysis, pancreatic PDFF in obese individuals correlated with BMI (r = 0.27, p = 0.03), waist circumference (r = 0.44, p < 0.001), VAT (r = 0.37, p = 0.004), hepatic PDFF (r = 0.25, p = 0.046) and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.32, p = 0.01). However, in multivariate analysis, only VAT was associated to pancreatic fat content. MRI measures of pancreatic fibrosis indicated no evident fibrosis in relation to increased pancreatic fat content. CONCLUSIONS Pancreatic fat content was increased in obese individuals compared with lean controls and predominantly correlated with the amount of visceral adipose tissue. Pancreatic fat content was not clearly linked to measures of pancreatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimoza Gjela
- Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anders Askeland
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Maiken Mellergaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn Mohr Drewes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens Brøndum Frøkjær
- Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Mäki P, Harald K, Lindström J, Männistö S, Laatikainen T. Association of adiposity with morbidity in Finnish adults: A register-based follow-up study. Scand J Public Health 2024; 52:461-467. [PMID: 36916274 PMCID: PMC11179310 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221148053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this study were to update risk estimates of obesity related co-morbidities and to provide evidence of the importance of obesity prevention to decision makers. METHODS The study included 25- to 74-year-old participants (N=22,977) of the National FINRISK Studies in 1997, 2002 and 2007. Body mass index was calculated from measured weight and height at baseline. Data on morbidity were ascertained via linkage to the National Hospital Discharge Register, the Cancer Register and the records of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland until the end of year 2018. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate associations between weight status and the risk of the end-point diseases during follow-up, with adjustment for age and smoking. RESULTS At baseline, 31% of participants had at least one of the investigated diseases. Overweight, obesity and severe obesity were associated with type 2 diabetes, gout, gallbladder diseases and knee and hip osteoarthritis during the follow-up in both men and women. The risk of coronary heart disease was increased in men who were overweight, obese and severely obese and in women who were obese and severely obese. Risk of asthma was increased only among women who were obese and severely obese. No associations were found between obesity and breast, prostate or colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS The study showed a strong relationship between excess body weight and the prevalence and incidence of several diseases. Obesity prevention is essential to reduce disease burden in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Mäki
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
- Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (Siun sote), Finland
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Ramadan M, Bajunaid RM, Kazim S, Alhusseini N, Al-Shareef A, ALSaleh NM. The Burden Cancer-Related Deaths Attributable to High Body Mass Index in a Gulf Cooperation Council: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2024; 14:379-397. [PMID: 38739356 PMCID: PMC11176139 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-024-00241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BMI has been reported to be a major risk factor for the increased burden of several diseases. This study explores the burden of cancer linked to high body mass index (BMI) in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and assesses the correlation with Socio-demographic Index (SDI). METHOD Using Global burden of disease (GBD) 2019 data, the authors quantified cancer burden through mortality, DALYs, age standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) across sexes, countries, cancer types, and years. Spearman's correlation tested ASMR against SDI. The authors estimated 95% uncertainty limits (UIs) for population attribution fraction (PAFs). RESULTS Between 1990 and 2019, all six GCC countries showed increased number of the overall cancer-related deaths (398.73% in Bahrain to 1404.25% in United Arab Emirates), and DALYs (347.38% in Kuwait, to 1479.35% in United Arab Emirates) reflecting significant increasing in deaths, and burden cancer attributed to high BMI. In 2019, across GCC countries, pancreatic, uterine, and kidney cancer accounted for 87.91% of the total attributable deaths associated with high BMI in females, whereas in male, colon and rectum cancer alone accounted for 26% of all attributable deaths associated with high BMI. CONCLUSION The study highlights the significant impact of high BMI on cancer burden in GCC countries. Moreover, the study identifies specific cancers, such as pancreatic, uterine, and kidney cancer in females, and colon and rectum cancer in males, as major contributors to attributable deaths, urging targeted prevention strategies at reducing weight and encouraging physical activity could greatly lessen the impact of diseases in the GCC countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Ramadan
- Population Health Research Section King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, P.O.BOX 9515, Jeddah, 21423, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rbab M Bajunaid
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), P.O.BOX 9515, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sereen Kazim
- College of Medicine, Jeddah University, Jeddah, 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali Al-Shareef
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, 21423, Jeddah, P.O.BOX 9515, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah Mohammed ALSaleh
- Department of surgical oncology, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, 21955, Jeddah, Makkah, P. O. Box: 7633, Saudi Arabia
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Khan H, Tiwari C, Kalra P, Vyas D, Grewal AK, Singh TG. Mechanistic correlation of molecular pathways in obesity-mediated stroke pathogenesis. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:463-474. [PMID: 38632185 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Obesity, a prominent risk factor for the development of heart attacks and several cardiovascular ailments. Obesity ranks as the second most significant avoidable contributor to mortality, whereas stroke stands as the second leading cause of death on a global scale. While changes in lifestyle have been demonstrated to have significant impacts on weight management, the long-term weight loss remains challenging, and the global prevalence of obesity continues to rise. The pathophysiology of obesity has been extensively studied during the last few decades, and an increasing number of signal transduction pathways have been linked to obesity preclinically. This review is focused on signaling pathways, and their respective functions in regulating the consumption of fatty food as well as accumulation of adipose tissue, and the resulting morphological and cognitive changes in the brain of individuals with obesity. We have also emphasized the recent progress in the mechanisms behind the emergence of obesity, as elucidated by both experimental and clinical investigations. The mounting understanding of signaling transduction may shed light on the future course of obesity research as we move into a new era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Chanchal Tiwari
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Palak Kalra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Daksha Vyas
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
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Deutz LN, Wierzchowska-McNew RA, Deutz NE, Engelen MP. Reduced plasma glycine concentration in healthy and chronically diseased older adults: a marker of visceral adiposity? Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:1455-1464. [PMID: 38616018 PMCID: PMC11251212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that a reduced plasma concentration of the amino acid glycine (Gly) is associated with intra-abdominal obesity, but the mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate whether lower plasma Gly concentrations in older adults are independently associated with (visceral) adiposity, age, sex, presence of chronic disease, and glucose intolerance, and whether they are caused by a reduced Gly whole-body production (WBP) and/or increased Gly disposal capacity. METHODS We studied 102 older adults (47 males/55 females, 68.5 ± standard deviation 6.4 y) without comorbidities and 125 older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (58 males/67 females, 69.7 ± 8.6 y). We assessed body composition and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and muscle function by dynamometry. We measured postabsorptive plasma amino acid profile and glucose, followed by pulse administration of stable isotope-labeled Gly ([2,2-2H2]), and blood sampling was performed to measure the WBP of Gly. Results are expressed as means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS We found a lower plasma Gly concentration in healthy males and males with COPD than in females (Healthy: 211; 95% CI: 193,230 compared with 248; 95% CI: 225,271; COPD: 200; 95% CI: 186,215 compared with 262: 95% CI: 241, 283; P < 0.0001, respectively), with no difference between healthy and COPD groups. A negative relationship was found between unadjusted plasma Gly and VAT mass (R2: 0.16; slope: -1.7; 95% CI: -2.4, -1.2; P < 0.0021), but not with total body fat or fasting glucose. The strong association between lower plasma Gly and increased VAT mass in older adults was independent of age, sex, body weight, lean mass or body mass index, and the presence of COPD. Inclusion of these covariates increased the R2 to 0.783. We found no relation between the VAT and WBP of Gly (P = 0.35) or Gly clearance (P = 0.187) when lean mass was considered. CONCLUSIONS Reduced plasma Gly in older adults can be considered a marker of visceral adiposity, independent of sex, age, body composition, presence of chronic disease, and whole-body Gly production or clearance. This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01787682, NCT02082418, NCT02157844, NCT02770092, NCT02780219, NCT03796455, and NCT04461236.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Nj Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Raven A Wierzchowska-McNew
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Nicolaas Ep Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; Department of Primary Care and Rural Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Mariëlle Pkj Engelen
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; Department of Primary Care and Rural Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States.
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86
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Tzeravini E, Anastasios T, Alexander K, Nikolaos T, Nikolaos K. Diet induced thermogenesis, older and newer data with emphasis on obesity and diabetes mellitus - A narrative review. Metabol Open 2024; 22:100291. [PMID: 38957623 PMCID: PMC11217690 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2024.100291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem with a prevalence increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. There is an urgent need for efficient approaches to weight management. Diet induced thermogenesis (DIT) is the process by which the body increases its energy expenditure in response to a meal. It is estimated to account for approximately 10 % of total energy expenditure and is considered a potentially modifiable component of energy expenditure. The palatability of food, meal's composition in macronutrients, the circadian rhythm and sleep, as well as individual's characteristics such as age, the presence of obesity or diabetes mellitus, and the proportion of physical activity are the main factors that affect DIT. However, studies examining DIT are mostly characterized by small sample size and the methodology varies considerably between studies. It seems that even today there is a lot of contradiction between the relative studies. Inspite of that, future research might lead to the modification of DIT in order to achieve some weight loss in obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Tzeravini
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine of Athens University Medical School and the Diabetologic Center Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Tentolouris Anastasios
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine of Athens University Medical School and the Diabetologic Center Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kokkinos Alexander
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine of Athens University Medical School and the Diabetologic Center Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Tentolouris Nikolaos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine of Athens University Medical School and the Diabetologic Center Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Katsilambros Nikolaos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine of Athens University Medical School and the Diabetologic Center Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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87
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Rocha-González HI, Kammar-García A, Vargas-Castillo A, Reyes-García JG. Editorial: Precision treatments for patients with obesity. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1423460. [PMID: 38868752 PMCID: PMC11167100 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1423460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Isaac Rocha-González
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ashuin Kammar-García
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Gerardo Reyes-García
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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88
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Poznyak AV, Yakovlev AA, Popov MА, Zhigmitova EB, Sukhorukov VN, Orekhov AN. Atherosclerosis originating from childhood: Specific features. J Biomed Res 2024; 38:233-240. [PMID: 38777340 PMCID: PMC11144930 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20230198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is extremely widespread. Traditionally, it is considered a disease of older people, who most often experience problems with the heart and blood vessels. While much attention from the scientific community has been paid to studying the association between aging and atherosclerosis, as well as its consequences, there is evidence that atherosclerosis occurs at an early age. Atherosclerosis may form both during intrauterine development and in childhood. Nutrition plays an important role in childhood atherosclerosis, along with previous infectious diseases and excess weight of both the child and the mother. In the present review, we examined the development of atherosclerosis and the prerequisites in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexey A. Yakovlev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow 109240, Russia
| | - Mikhail А. Popov
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow 129110, Russia
| | - Elena B. Zhigmitova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315, Russia
| | - Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315, Russia
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89
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Ali SI, Elkhalifa AME, Nabi SU, Hayyat FS, Nazar M, Taifa S, Rakhshan R, Shah IH, Shaheen M, Wani IA, Muzaffer U, Shah OS, Makhdoomi DM, Ahmed EM, Khalil KAA, Bazie EA, Zawbaee KI, Al Hasan Ali MM, Alanazi RJ, Al Bataj IA, Al Gahtani SM, Salwi AJ, Alrodan LS. Aged garlic extract preserves beta-cell functioning via modulation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and sarco endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA)/Ca 2+ in diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:110. [PMID: 38778421 PMCID: PMC11110209 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral insulin resistance and compromised insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells are significant factors and pathogenic hallmarks of diabetes mellitus (DM). NF-κβ/TLR-4 and SERCA/Ca2+ pathways have been identified as potential pathways regulating insulin synthesis by preserving pancreatic β-cell functioning. The current study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) against DM in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat model with particular emphasis on pancreatic β-cell functioning. METHODS AGE was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate its physio-chemical characteristics followed by in-vitro anti-diabetic and antioxidant potential. This was followed by the induction of DM in laboratory animals for investigating the therapeutic action of AGE by evaluating the role of NF-κβ/TLR-4 and the SERCA/Ca2+ pathway. The parameters assessed in the present experimental setup encompassed antioxidant parameters, metabolic indicators, insulin concentration, intracellular calcium levels, apoptotic markers (CCK-8 and Caspase Glo-8), and protein expression (P-62 and APACHE-II). RESULTS AGE characterization by SEM, GC-MS, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the presence of phenylalanine, alliin, S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC), tryptophan, 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid as major bioactive constituents of AGE. Metabolic studies, including intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), revealed significantly lower blood glucose levels in the AGE group compared to the disease control group. In contrast, the intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (ITT) exhibited no significant difference in insulin sensitivity between the AGE supplementation group and the DM control group. Interestingly, AGE was found to have no significant effect on fasting glucose and serum insulin levels. In contrast, AGE supplementation was found to cause significant hypoglycaemia in postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels. Importantly, AGE causes restoration of intracellular Ca2+ levels by modulation of SERCA/Ca2 functioning and inhibition NF-κB/TLR-4 pathway. AGE was found to interact with and inhibit the DR-5/ caspase-8/3 apoptotic complex. Furthermore, microscopic studies revealed degeneration and apoptotic changes in pancreatic β-cells of the DM control group, while supplementation of AGE resulted in inhibition of apoptotic pathway and regeneration of pancreatic β-cells. CONCLUSION The current study suggests that AGE enhance glucose homeostasis by exerting their effects on pancreatic β-cells, without ameliorating peripheral sensitivity. Moreover, AGEs promote an increase in β-cell mass by mitigating the apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells. These findings suggest that AGE could aid in developing a viable alternative therapy for diabetes mellitus (DM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofi Imtiyaz Ali
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Ahmed M E Elkhalifa
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, 11673, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, 1158, Sudan.
| | - Showkat Ul Nabi
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.
| | | | - Mehak Nazar
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Syed Taifa
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Rabia Rakhshan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Iqra Hussain Shah
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Muzaffer Shaheen
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Imtiyaz Ahmad Wani
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Research, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190002, India
| | - Umar Muzaffer
- Department of Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ovais Shabir Shah
- Department of Sheep Husbandry, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Dil Mohammad Makhdoomi
- Directorate of Extension, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Elsadig Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, 61922, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalil A A Khalil
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, 61922, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsharif A Bazie
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, 1158, Sudan
| | - Khalid Ibrahim Zawbaee
- Department of Blood Bank, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Al-Ghad International College for Applied Sciences, 155166, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moataz Mohamed Al Hasan Ali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, 1158, Sudan
| | - Rakan J Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, 50927, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saeed Musfar Al Gahtani
- Department of Blood Bank, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of King Saud, 11433, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Jubran Salwi
- Department of Blood Bank, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of King Saud, 11433, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina Saeed Alrodan
- Department of Blood Bank, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of King Saud, 11433, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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AlAnnaz WAA, Gouda ADK, Abou El-Soud FA, Alanazi MR. Obesity Prevalence and Its Impact on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes among Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study Design. NURSING REPORTS 2024; 14:1236-1250. [PMID: 38804427 PMCID: PMC11130889 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep14020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The escalating prevalence of obesity in women of reproductive age raises concerns about its impact on maternal and fetal health during pregnancy. This study aimed to thoroughly assess how obesity affects pregnancy and neonatal outcomes among Saudi pregnant women. METHODS In a retrospective cross-sectional study, we analyzed 8426 pregnant women who delivered at King Fahad National Guard Hospital in Riyadh in 2021. Of these, 3416 had obesity, and 341 of them, meeting the inclusion criteria, were selected. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compiled using a structured questionnaire and extracted from the hospital's "Best Care" data-based registration system. RESULTS The findings highlighted that 40.5% of pregnant women were classified as obese, with almost half falling into obesity class II based on BMI. Obesity correlated significantly with adverse maternal outcomes like gestational diabetes and increased rates of cesarean deliveries. Additionally, maternal obesity was linked to unfavorable fetal outcomes, including higher rates of newborn intensive care unit admissions, lower APGAR scores at 1 min, and a greater likelihood of macrosomia. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the important impact of maternal obesity on both maternal and fetal health during pregnancy. Addressing this high-risk condition demands targeted educational programs for women of reproductive age focusing on BMI control, dietary adjustments, and lifestyle modifications to mitigate obesity-related complications during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wejdan Abdullah A. AlAnnaz
- College of Nursing, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.A.A.); (A.D.K.G.); (F.A.A.E.-S.)
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amel Dawod Kamel Gouda
- College of Nursing, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.A.A.); (A.D.K.G.); (F.A.A.E.-S.)
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- Maternal and Newborn Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt
| | - Faiza Ahmed Abou El-Soud
- College of Nursing, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.A.A.); (A.D.K.G.); (F.A.A.E.-S.)
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona R Alanazi
- College of Nursing, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.A.A.); (A.D.K.G.); (F.A.A.E.-S.)
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
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91
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Jiang F, Qin L, Wang Y, Peng Y, Yu L, Su P, Zhao L. Differential expression profiles and bioinformatics analysis of tRNA-derived small RNAs in epicardial fat of patients with atrial fibrillation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30295. [PMID: 38707381 PMCID: PMC11066680 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The exact processes underlying atrial fibrillation (AF) are still unclear. It has been suggested that epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) may contribute to arrhythmias and can release various bioactive molecules, including exosomes containing tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs). Numerous studies have indicated that these tsRNAs can significantly affect key cellular functions. However, there is currently no research investigating the relationship between tsRNAs from EAT and AF. In order to explore the regulatory mechanisms of tsRNAs from EAT associated with AF, we conducted RNA-sequencing analysis on EAT samples collected from 6 AF patients and 6 control subjects with sinus rhythm. Our analysis revealed an upregulation of 146 tsRNAs and a downregulation of 126 tsRNAs in AF. Furthermore, we randomly selected four tsRNAs (tRF-SeC-TCA-001, tiRNA-Gly-CCC-003, tRF-Gly-GCC-002, and tRF-Tyr-GTA-007) for validation using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Following this, bioinformatic analyses revealed that the target genes of these tsRNAs were prominently involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and various cellular processes mediated by plasma membrane adhesion molecules. Additionally, based on KEGG analysis, it was suggested that the majority of these target genes might contribute to the pathogenesis of AF through processes such as glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, AMP-activated protein kinase activity, and the insulin signaling pathway. Our results elucidate changes in the expression profiles of tsRNAs within EAT samples obtained from AF patients, and they forecast potential target genes and interactions between tsRNAs and mRNA within EAT that could contribute to the pathogenesis of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lingling Qin
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yidan Wang
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yuanshu Peng
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Liping Yu
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Pixiong Su
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Corresponding author. Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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92
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Mehlig K, Sliwa P, Blomstrand A, Farhan L, Hällström T, Hange D. Eating Behaviors and Adiposity Indicators - Observations from the 2016/17 Examination of the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:2101-2111. [PMID: 38766600 PMCID: PMC11100506 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s457731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the cross-sectional association between eating behavior in terms of the three-factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ) and adiposity measures. Methods The TFEQ-R21 was administered to 573 women aged 38 and 50 who participated in the population study of women in Gothenburg 2016/17. Three domains, emotional eating (EE), uncontrolled eating (UE), and cognitive restraint (CR) were examined as outcomes as well as predictors of adiposity outcomes. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were adjusted for age, education, lifestyle factors, and dieting behavior. Results All TFEQ domains were positively associated with dieting. EE and UE were associated with higher consumption of sweets and CR with lower consumption of sweets. Wellbeing was negatively associated with EE and UE. In mutually adjusted models, EE and CR but not UE were positively associated with BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and skinfold. One standard deviation higher EE was associated with obesity, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, OR = 1.62 (1.26, 2.10), and abdominal fatness, WC > 88 cm, OR = 1.57 (1.26, 1.95). Former and current dieting were positively associated with these outcomes, too, but UE and CR were not associated in mutually adjusted models. Conclusion This study shows that emotional eating behavior is associated with adiposity in a population of middle-aged women, over a large range of values for body fatness, and independent of dieting behavior. The results imply that treatment of obesity should include psychological support to restrict the risk for emotional eating in response to states of negative mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Mehlig
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pawel Sliwa
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann Blomstrand
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Farhan
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tore Hällström
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dominique Hange
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research, Education, Development & Innovation, Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ong CB, Annuar MSM. Potentialities of Tannase-Treated Green Tea Extract in Nutraceutical and Therapeutic Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04946-y. [PMID: 38713339 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Green tea has garnered widespread interest in the past decades due to its content of health-beneficial polyphenols and catechins, besides reportedly exhibiting activities for the prevention, and possibly treatment, of many modern-life-associated afflictions. Hence, the functional food potential of health-beneficial beverages such as green tea is widely and commercially promoted. Biotransformation of green tea extract using enzymes such as tannase ostensibly enhances its beneficial well-being properties and disease-preventing functionalities. The tannase-treated green tea catechins may exhibit enhanced, amongst others, antioxidant, anti-tumour, anti-wrinkle, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and anti-sarcopenia properties compared to native green tea extract. Nonetheless, the health benefits and therapeutic and toxicological effects associated with these compounds, before and after tannase treatment, present a scientific gap for detailed studies. Accordingly, the review surveys the literature from the late twentieth century until the year 2023 related to the aforementioned important aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Boon Ong
- School of Science and Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science, International University of Malaya-Wales, 50480, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Dejeu D, Dejeu P, Bradea P, Muresan A, Dejeu V. Evaluating Weight Loss Efficacy in Obesity Treatment with Allurion's Ingestible Gastric Balloon: A Retrospective Study Utilizing the Scale App Health Tracker. Clin Pract 2024; 14:765-778. [PMID: 38804393 PMCID: PMC11130893 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents a growing public health concern, affecting more than 15% of the global adult population and involving a multi-billion market that comprises nutritional, surgical, psychological, and multidisciplinary interventions. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the short-term efficacy and body weight measurements associated with differing levels of physical activity following the use of Allurion's ingestible gastric balloon that was designed to increase feelings of fullness and decrease food consumption, being naturally eliminated after approximately 16 weeks. This study involved 571 individuals who qualified for the intervention for being older than 20 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 27 kg/m2 or more. Utilizing the Scale App Health Tracker and Allurion's smartwatch, this study was able to track vital signs and physical activity in real time. The participants had an average initial BMI of 34.1 kg/m2 and a median age of 41 years. Notable outcomes were observed in both study groups, "Less Active" and "More Active", which were classified by achieving less or more than a median number of 8000 daily steps. Specifically, body fat percentage saw a reduction from 33.1 ± 9.4 to 28.3 ± 10.2 in the less active group and from 32.2 to 27.5 in the more active group, with both groups achieving statistical significance (p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a significant reduction in average weight, dropping from 98.2 ± 22.8 kg to 84.6 ± 19.3 kg in the less active group and from 97.7 ± 21.0 kg to 82.1 ± 22.9 kg in the more active group (both p < 0.001). Interestingly, those in the more active group also experienced a significant increase in lean mass compared to their less active counterparts (p = 0.045), although no substantial differences in weight loss, BMI reduction, and total body fat decrease were observed between the two groups. This investigation confirms the hypothesis that Allurion's ingestible gastric balloon significantly reduces weight in the short term and enhances several physical health metrics, demonstrating effectiveness as an autonomous method for challenging weight management, regardless of the level of daily physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danut Dejeu
- Surgical Oncology Department, Emergency County Hospital Oradea, Strada Gheorghe Doja 65, 410169 Oradea, Romania; (D.D.); (A.M.)
- Bariatric Surgery Department, Medlife Humanitas Hospital, Strada Frunzisului 75, 400664 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Paula Dejeu
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, Betania Medical Center, Menumorut 12, 410004 Oradea, Romania
| | - Paula Bradea
- Gastroenterology Unit, Betania Medical Center, Menumorut 12, 410004 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Anita Muresan
- Surgical Oncology Department, Emergency County Hospital Oradea, Strada Gheorghe Doja 65, 410169 Oradea, Romania; (D.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Viorel Dejeu
- Bariatric Surgery Department, Life Memorial Hospital, Calea Grivitei 365, 010719 Bucuresti, Romania;
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95
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Kistkins S, Moser O, Ankudovičs V, Blizņuks D, Mihailovs T, Lobanovs S, Sourij H, Pfeiffer AFH, Pīrāgs V. From classical dualistic antagonism to hormone synergy: potential of overlapping action of glucagon, insulin and GLP-1 for the treatment of diabesity. Endocr Connect 2024; 13:e230529. [PMID: 38579770 PMCID: PMC11046332 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of 'diabesity', a combination of type 2 diabetes and obesity, poses a significant global health challenge. Unhealthy lifestyle factors, including poor diet, sedentary behaviour, and high stress levels, combined with genetic and epigenetic factors, contribute to the diabesity epidemic. Diabesity leads to various significant complications such as cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and certain cancers. Incretin-based therapies, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual hormone therapies, have shown promising results in improving glycaemic control and inducing weight loss. However, these therapies also come with certain disadvantages, including potential withdrawal effects. This review aims to provide insights into the cross-interactions of insulin, glucagon, and GLP-1, revealing the complex hormonal dynamics during fasting and postprandial states, impacting glucose homeostasis, energy expenditure, and other metabolic functions. Understanding these hormonal interactions may offer novel hypotheses in the development of 'anti-diabesity' treatment strategies. The article also explores the question of the antagonism of insulin and glucagon, providing insights into the potential synergy and hormonal overlaps between these hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Othmar Moser
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Dmitrijs Blizņuks
- Institute of Smart Computing Technologies, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Timurs Mihailovs
- Institute of Smart Computing Technologies, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Harald Sourij
- Trials Unit for Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetolgoy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valdis Pīrāgs
- Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
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96
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Tang T, Wan B, Zhang X, Zhang A. Impact of Obesity on Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgeries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg 2024; 185:e835-e849. [PMID: 38432511 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.02.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of obesity on various outcomes in patients undergoing minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) surgeries. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were screened for studies reporting outcomes in obese and nonobese patients undergoing TLIF surgeries. Studies reporting operative time, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, incidence of pseudoarthrosis, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, pain scores (Visual Analog Scale, VAS), and PROMIS PF scores were included. A qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed to calculate mean differences or odds ratios (ORs) using random-effects models. RESULTS Fourteen good-quality studies were included in this review, with a combined sample size of 4,889 participants. The analysis revealed that patients with obesity had slightly longer operative times compared to patients with normal weight, with a mean difference of 14.87 minutes, though not significant. Similarly, morbidly obese patients had a mean difference of 21.44 minutes in operative time. Estimated blood loss was comparable in both groups. However, morbidly obese patients had longer hospital stays, with a mean difference of 8.18 days and obese patients have 20% higher odds of experiencing complications compared to nonobese patients. The incidence of pseudoarthrosis, ODI scores, or pain scores (VAS back and leg) were similar in obese and normal weight patients. CONCLUSIONS Obesity, particularly morbid obesity, may have an impact on certain outcomes in patients undergoing minimally invasive TLIF surgeries. Morbidly obese patients tend to have significantly longer operative times with significantly longer hospital stays than nonobese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- Department of Second Orthopedics, First People's Hospital of Jiashan County, Jiashan County, China
| | - Bingwen Wan
- Department of Second Orthopedics, First People's Hospital of Jiashan County, Jiashan County, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Second Orthopedics, First People's Hospital of Jiashan County, Jiashan County, China
| | - Alei Zhang
- Department of Second Orthopedics, First People's Hospital of Jiashan County, Jiashan County, China.
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97
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do Carmo JM, Hall JE, Dai X, Aitkens N, Larson K, Luna-Suarez EM, Wang Z, Omoto ACM, Mouton A, Li X, Furukawa LNS, Woronik V, da Silva AA. Parental obesity predisposes offspring to kidney dysfunction and increased susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury in a sex-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F727-F736. [PMID: 38511219 PMCID: PMC11386979 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00294.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Although obesity is recognized as a risk factor for cardiorenal and metabolic diseases, the impact of parental obesity on the susceptibility of their offspring to renal injury at adulthood is unknown. We examined the impact of parental obesity on offspring kidney function, morphology, and markers of kidney damage after acute kidney injury (AKI). Offspring from normal (N) diet-fed C57BL/6J parents were fed either N (NN) or a high-fat (H) diet (NH) from weaning until adulthood. Offspring from obese H diet-fed parents were fed N (HN) or H diet (HH) after weaning. All offspring groups were submitted to bilateral AKI by clamping the left and right renal pedicles for 30 min. Compared with male NH and NN offspring from lean parents, male HH and HN offspring from obese parents exhibited higher kidney injury markers such as urinary, renal osteopontin, plasma creatinine, urinary albumin excretion, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels, and worse histological injury score at 22 wk of age. Only albumin excretion and NGAL were elevated in female HH offspring from obese parents compared with lean and obese offspring from lean parents. We also found an increased mortality rate and worse kidney injury scores after AKI in male offspring from obese parents, regardless of the diet consumed after weaning. Female offspring were protected from major kidney injury after AKI. These results indicate that parental obesity leads to increased kidney injury in their offspring after ischemia-reperfusion in a sex-dependent manner, even when their offspring remain lean.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Offspring from obese parents are more susceptible to kidney injury and worse outcomes following an acute ischemia-reperfusion insult. Male, but not female, offspring from obese parents exhibit increased blood pressure early in life. Female offspring are partially protected against major kidney injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Xuemei Dai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Nikaela Aitkens
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Kylie Larson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Emilio M Luna-Suarez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Ana C M Omoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Alan Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Luzia N S Furukawa
- Laboratory of Renal Pathophysiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viktoria Woronik
- Laboratory of Renal Pathophysiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
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98
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Bajpai A, Anand A, Kumar A, Jain T, Pal AK, Karnik A, Pahwa HS, Sonkar AA. Innovative Approaches to Address the Technical Challenge of Hernial Sac Distension Due to Pneumoperitoneum in the Synchronous Management of Complex Hernias in Individuals With Morbid Obesity. Cureus 2024; 16:e59897. [PMID: 38854311 PMCID: PMC11160514 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Although repairing ventral hernias in individuals who have undergone bariatric surgery is a common practice, persistent technical intricacies and controversies surround their management. Concurrently, addressing ventral hernias in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery presents a significant surgical challenge, amplified by the larger intraperitoneal cavities and the presence of large hernial sacs. This technical report introduces two innovative techniques to alleviate the challenge of hernia sac distension due to pneumoperitoneum associated with simultaneous bariatric surgery and ventral hernia repair using laparoscopic technique. The methods are designed to address the complexities of the procedures, making their simultaneous execution feasible and safe. The goal is to eliminate the need for two separate interventions while ensuring the outcomes of each procedure remain uncompromised. The larger intraperitoneal cavities and the presence of large hernial sacs are managed successfully, demonstrating the feasibility and safety of the introduced methods. Importantly, the simultaneous execution of both procedures does not compromise the outcomes of either intervention. Concurrently managing ventral hernias in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery requires innovative solutions to overcome technical challenges. The introduction of these two novel techniques proves to be a valuable approach, making simultaneous execution feasible and safe. Eliminating the need for two separate interventions streamlines the surgical process without compromising the outcomes of either bariatric surgery or ventral hernia repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Bajpai
- Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | - Akshay Anand
- Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Awanish Kumar
- General Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Tirushi Jain
- Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Ajay K Pal
- Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Amit Karnik
- Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
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99
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Tamayo-Trujillo R, Ruiz-Pozo VA, Cadena-Ullauri S, Guevara-Ramírez P, Paz-Cruz E, Zambrano-Villacres R, Simancas-Racines D, Zambrano AK. Molecular mechanisms of semaglutide and liraglutide as a therapeutic option for obesity. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1398059. [PMID: 38742021 PMCID: PMC11090168 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1398059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic global health problem, is associated with an increase in various comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and certain types of cancer. The increasing global prevalence of obesity requires research into new therapeutic strategies. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, specifically semaglutide and liraglutide, designed for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment, have been explored as drugs for the treatment of obesity. This minireview describes the molecular mechanisms of semaglutide and liraglutide in different metabolic pathways, and its mechanism of action in processes such as appetite regulation, insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis, energy expenditure, and lipid metabolism. Finally, several clinical trial outcomes are described to show the safety and efficacy of these drugs in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Viviana A. Ruiz-Pozo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Cadena-Ullauri
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Guevara-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Elius Paz-Cruz
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Daniel Simancas-Racines
- Centro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ana Karina Zambrano
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
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100
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Chermon D, Birk R. Deciphering the Interplay between Genetic Risk Scores and Lifestyle Factors on Individual Obesity Predisposition. Nutrients 2024; 16:1296. [PMID: 38732542 PMCID: PMC11085817 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity's variability is significantly influenced by the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. We aimed to integrate the combined impact of genetic risk score (GRSBMI) with physical activity (PA), sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), wine intake, and eating habits score (EHS) on obesity predisposition risk. Adults' (n = 5824) data were analyzed for common obesity-related single nucleotide polymorphisms and lifestyle habits. The weighted GRSBMI was constructed and categorized into quartiles (Qs), and the adjusted multivariate logistic regression models examined the association of GRSBMI with obesity (BMI ≥ 30) and lifestyle factors. GRSBMI was significantly associated with obesity risk. Each GRSBMI unit was associated with an increase of 3.06 BMI units (p ≤ 0.0001). PA markedly reduced obesity risk across GRSBMI Qs. Inactive participants' (≥90 min/week) mean BMI was higher in GRSBMI Q3-Q4 compared to Q1 (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001, respectively). Scoring EHS ≥ median, SSBs (≥1 cup/day), and non-wine drinking were associated with higher BMI within all GRSBMI Qs compared to EHS < median, non-SSBs, and non-wine drinkers. Mean BMI was higher in GRSBMI Q4 compared to other quartiles (p < 0.0001) in non-wine drinkers and compared to Q1 for SSB's consumers (p = 0.07). A higher GRSBMI augmented the impact of lifestyle factors on obesity. The interplay between GRSBMI and modifiable lifestyle factors provides a tailored personalized prevention and treatment for obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Birk
- Nutrition Department, Health Science Faculty, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
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