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Islam A, Ferdous J, Islam S, Sayeed MA, Rahman MK, Saha O, Hassan MM, Shirin T. Transmission dynamics and susceptibility patterns of SARS-CoV-2 in domestic, farmed and wild animals: Sustainable One Health surveillance for conservation and public health to prevent future epidemics and pandemics. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:2523-2543. [PMID: 34694705 PMCID: PMC8662162 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The exact origin of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and source of introduction into humans has not been established yet, though it might be originated from animals. Therefore, we conducted a study to understand the putative reservoirs, transmission dynamics, and susceptibility patterns of SARS-CoV-2 in animals. Rhinolophus bats are presumed to be natural progenitors of SARS-CoV-2-related viruses. Initially, pangolin was thought to be the source of spillover to humans, but they might be infected by human or other animal species. So, the virus spillover pathways to humans remain unknown. Human-to-animal transmission has been testified in pet, farmed, zoo and free-ranging wild animals. Infected animals can transmit the virus to other animals in natural settings like mink-to-mink and mink-to-cat transmission. Animal-to-human transmission is not a persistent pathway, while mink-to-human transmission continues to be illuminated. Multiple companions and captive wild animals were infected by an emerging alpha variant of concern (B.1.1.7 lineage) whereas Asiatic lions were infected by delta variant, (B.1.617.2). To date, multiple animal species - cat, ferrets, non-human primates, hamsters and bats - showed high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in the experimental condition, while swine, poultry, cattle showed no susceptibility. The founding of SARS-CoV-2 in wild animal reservoirs can confront the control of the virus in humans and might carry a risk to the welfare and conservation of wildlife as well. We suggest vaccinating pets and captive animals to stop spillovers and spillback events. We recommend sustainable One Health surveillance at the animal-human-environmental interface to detect and prevent future epidemics and pandemics by Disease X.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariful Islam
- EcoHealth AllianceNew YorkUnited States
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental ScienceDeakin UniversityVictoriaAustralia
- Institute of EpidemiologyDisease Control and Research (IEDCR)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Jinnat Ferdous
- EcoHealth AllianceNew YorkUnited States
- Institute of EpidemiologyDisease Control and Research (IEDCR)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Shariful Islam
- EcoHealth AllianceNew YorkUnited States
- Institute of EpidemiologyDisease Control and Research (IEDCR)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Abu Sayeed
- EcoHealth AllianceNew YorkUnited States
- Institute of EpidemiologyDisease Control and Research (IEDCR)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Kaisar Rahman
- EcoHealth AllianceNew YorkUnited States
- Institute of EpidemiologyDisease Control and Research (IEDCR)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Otun Saha
- EcoHealth AllianceNew YorkUnited States
- Institute of EpidemiologyDisease Control and Research (IEDCR)DhakaBangladesh
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of DhakaDhakaBangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineChattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityChattogramBangladesh
| | - Tahmina Shirin
- Institute of EpidemiologyDisease Control and Research (IEDCR)DhakaBangladesh
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52
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Kaushik R, Kumar N, Zhang KYJ, Srivastava P, Bhatia S, Malik YS. A novel structure-based approach for identification of vertebrate susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2: Implications for future surveillance programmes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113303. [PMID: 35460633 PMCID: PMC9020514 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the origin of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a highly debatable and unresolved issue for scientific communities all over the world. Understanding the mechanism of virus entry to the host cells is crucial to deciphering the susceptibility profiles of animal species to SARS-CoV-2. The interaction of SARS-CoV-2 ligands (receptor-binding domain on spike protein) with its host cell receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is a critical determinant of host range and cross-species transmission. In this study, we developed and implemented a rigorous computational approach for predicting binding affinity between 299 ACE2 orthologs from diverse vertebrate species and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The findings show that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can bind to a wide range of vertebrate species carrying evolutionary divergent ACE2, implying a broad host range at the virus entry level, which may contribute to cross-species transmission and further viral evolution. Furthermore, the current study facilitated the identification of genetic determinants that may differentiate susceptible from resistant host species based on the conservation of ACE2-spike protein interacting residues in vertebrate host species known to facilitate SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, these genetic determinants warrant in vivo experimental confirmation. The molecular interactions associated with varied binding affinity of distinct ACE2 isoforms in a specific bat species were identified using protein structure analysis, implying the existence of diversified bat species' susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. The current study's findings highlight the importance of intensive surveillance programmes aimed at identifying susceptible hosts, especially those with the potential to transmit zoonotic pathogens, in order to prevent future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kaushik
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Zoonotic Diseases Group, ICAR- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, 462022, India
| | - Kam Y J Zhang
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Pratiksha Srivastava
- Zoonotic Diseases Group, ICAR- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, 462022, India
| | - Sandeep Bhatia
- Zoonotic Diseases Group, ICAR- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, 462022, India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.
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53
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Zarkoob H, Allué-Guardia A, Chen YC, Garcia-Vilanova A, Jung O, Coon S, Song MJ, Park JG, Oladunni F, Miller J, Tung YT, Kosik I, Schultz D, Iben J, Li T, Fu J, Porter FD, Yewdell J, Martinez-Sobrido L, Cherry S, Torrelles JB, Ferrer M, Lee EM. Modeling SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infections and antiviral treatments in human lung epithelial tissue equivalents. Commun Biol 2022; 5:810. [PMID: 35962146 PMCID: PMC9373898 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need for physiologically relevant, robust, and ready-to-use in vitro cellular assay platforms to rapidly model the infectivity of emerging viruses and develop new antiviral treatments. Here we describe the cellular complexity of human alveolar and tracheobronchial air liquid interface (ALI) tissue models during SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus (IAV) infections. Our results showed that both SARS-CoV-2 and IAV effectively infect these ALI tissues, with SARS-CoV-2 exhibiting a slower replication peaking at later time-points compared to IAV. We detected tissue-specific chemokine and cytokine storms in response to viral infection, including well-defined biomarkers in severe SARS-CoV-2 and IAV infections such as CXCL10, IL-6, and IL-10. Our single-cell RNA sequencing analysis showed similar findings to that found in vivo for SARS-CoV-2 infection, including dampened IFN response, increased chemokine induction, and inhibition of MHC Class I presentation not observed for IAV infected tissues. Finally, we demonstrate the pharmacological validity of these ALI tissue models as antiviral drug screening assay platforms, with the potential to be easily adapted to include other cell types and increase the throughput to test relevant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Zarkoob
- 3D Tissue Bioprinting Lab, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Anna Allué-Guardia
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yu-Chi Chen
- 3D Tissue Bioprinting Lab, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Andreu Garcia-Vilanova
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Olive Jung
- 3D Tissue Bioprinting Lab, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.,Biomedical Ultrasonics & Biotherapy Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Headington, UK
| | - Steven Coon
- Molecular Genomics Core, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Min Jae Song
- 3D Tissue Bioprinting Lab, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jun-Gyu Park
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Fatai Oladunni
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jesse Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yen-Ting Tung
- 3D Tissue Bioprinting Lab, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ivan Kosik
- National Institute for Allergies and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Schultz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,High Throughput Screening Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James Iben
- Molecular Genomics Core, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Tianwei Li
- Molecular Genomics Core, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- 3D Tissue Bioprinting Lab, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Forbes D Porter
- Section on Molecular Dysmorphology, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan Yewdell
- National Institute for Allergies and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luis Martinez-Sobrido
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jordi B Torrelles
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- 3D Tissue Bioprinting Lab, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Emily M Lee
- 3D Tissue Bioprinting Lab, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
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54
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Soler E, de Mendoza A, Cuello VI, Silva-Vetri MG, Núñez ZH, Ortega RG, Rizvi SA, Sanchez-Gonzalez M, Ferrer G. Intranasal Xylitol for the Treatment of COVID-19 in the Outpatient Setting: A Pilot Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e27182. [PMID: 36039203 PMCID: PMC9395150 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Histopathological and Immunological Findings in the Common Marmoset Following Exposure to Aerosolized SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071580. [PMID: 35891560 PMCID: PMC9322862 DOI: 10.3390/v14071580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an enduring requirement to develop animal models of COVID-19 to assess the efficacy of vaccines and therapeutics that can be used to treat the disease in humans. In this study, six marmosets were exposed to a small particle aerosol (1–3 µm) of SARS-CoV-2 VIC01 that delivered the virus directly to the lower respiratory tract. Following the challenge, marmosets did not develop clinical signs, although a disruption to the normal diurnal temperature rhythm was observed in three out of six animals. Early weight loss and changes to respiratory pattern and activity were also observed, yet there was limited evidence of viral replication or lung pathology associated with infection. There was a robust innate immunological response to infection, which included an early increase in circulating neutrophils and monocytes and a reduction in the proportion of circulating T-cells. Expression of the ACE2 receptor in respiratory tissues was almost absent, but there was ubiquitous expression of TMPRSS2. The results of this study indicate that exposure of marmosets to high concentrations of aerosolised SARS-CoV-2 did not result in the development of clear, reproducible signs of COVID-19.
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56
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Bestion E, Halfon P, Mezouar S, Mège JL. Cell and Animal Models for SARS-CoV-2 Research. Viruses 2022; 14:1507. [PMID: 35891487 PMCID: PMC9319816 DOI: 10.3390/v14071507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last two years following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, development of potent antiviral drugs and vaccines has been a global health priority. In this context, the understanding of virus pathophysiology, the identification of associated therapeutic targets, and the screening of potential effective compounds have been indispensable advancements. It was therefore of primary importance to develop experimental models that recapitulate the aspects of the human disease in the best way possible. This article reviews the information concerning available SARS-CoV-2 preclinical models during that time, including cell-based approaches and animal models. We discuss their evolution, their advantages, and drawbacks, as well as their relevance to drug effectiveness evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïne Bestion
- Microbe Evolution Phylogeny Infection, Institut pour la Recherche et le Developpement, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; (E.B.); (P.H.)
- Institue Hospitalo, Universitaire Mediterranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Genoscience Pharma, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Halfon
- Microbe Evolution Phylogeny Infection, Institut pour la Recherche et le Developpement, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; (E.B.); (P.H.)
- Institue Hospitalo, Universitaire Mediterranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Genoscience Pharma, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Microbe Evolution Phylogeny Infection, Institut pour la Recherche et le Developpement, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; (E.B.); (P.H.)
- Institue Hospitalo, Universitaire Mediterranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Genoscience Pharma, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mège
- Microbe Evolution Phylogeny Infection, Institut pour la Recherche et le Developpement, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; (E.B.); (P.H.)
- Institue Hospitalo, Universitaire Mediterranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
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57
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Fan C, Wu Y, Rui X, Yang Y, Ling C, Liu S, Liu S, Wang Y. Animal models for COVID-19: advances, gaps and perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:220. [PMID: 35798699 PMCID: PMC9261903 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is the most consequential pandemic of this century. Since the outbreak in late 2019, animal models have been playing crucial roles in aiding the rapid development of vaccines/drugs for prevention and therapy, as well as understanding the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune responses of hosts. However, the current animal models have some deficits and there is an urgent need for novel models to evaluate the virulence of variants of concerns (VOC), antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), and various comorbidities of COVID-19. This review summarizes the clinical features of COVID-19 in different populations, and the characteristics of the major animal models of SARS-CoV-2, including those naturally susceptible animals, such as non-human primates, Syrian hamster, ferret, minks, poultry, livestock, and mouse models sensitized by genetically modified, AAV/adenoviral transduced, mouse-adapted strain of SARS-CoV-2, and by engraftment of human tissues or cells. Since understanding the host receptors and proteases is essential for designing advanced genetically modified animal models, successful studies on receptors and proteases are also reviewed. Several improved alternatives for future mouse models are proposed, including the reselection of alternative receptor genes or multiple gene combinations, the use of transgenic or knock-in method, and different strains for establishing the next generation of genetically modified mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfa Fan
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Xiong Rui
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Beijing, 102629, China
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuansong Yang
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Chen Ling
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Beijing, 102629, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Susu Liu
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Shunan Liu
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Youchun Wang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, China.
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58
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Lin Q, Lu C, Hong Y, Li R, Chen J, Chen W, Chen J. Animal models for studying coronavirus infections and developing antiviral agents and vaccines. Antiviral Res 2022; 203:105345. [PMID: 35605699 PMCID: PMC9122840 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In addition to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2 has become the third deadly coronavirus that infects humans and causes the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 has already caused more than six million deaths worldwide and it is likely the biggest pandemic of this century faced by mankind. Although many studies on SARS-CoV-2 have been conducted, a detailed understanding of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 is still lacking. Animal models are indispensable for studying its pathogenesis and developing vaccines and antivirals. In this review, we analyze animal models of coronavirus infections and explore their applications on antivirals and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisheng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chunni Lu
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Yuqi Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Runfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Weisan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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59
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Fears AC, Beddingfield BJ, Chirichella NR, Slisarenko N, Killeen SZ, Redmann RK, Goff K, Spencer S, Picou B, Golden N, Midkiff CC, Bush DJ, Branco LM, Boisen ML, Gao H, Montefiori DC, Blair RV, Doyle-Meyers LA, Russell-Lodrigue K, Maness NJ, Roy CJ. Exposure modality influences viral kinetics but not respiratory outcome of COVID-19 in multiple nonhuman primate species. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010618. [PMID: 35789343 PMCID: PMC9286241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019, rapidly reached pandemic status, and has maintained global ubiquity through the emergence of variants of concern. Efforts to develop animal models have mostly fallen short of recapitulating severe disease, diminishing their utility for research focusing on severe disease pathogenesis and life-saving medical countermeasures. We tested whether route of experimental infection substantially changes COVID-19 disease characteristics in two species of nonhuman primates (Macaca mulatta; rhesus macaques; RM, Chlorocebus atheiops; African green monkeys; AGM). Species-specific cohorts were experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2 by either direct mucosal (intratracheal + intranasal) instillation or small particle aerosol in route-discrete subcohorts. Both species demonstrated analogous viral loads in all compartments by either exposure route although the magnitude and duration of viral loading was marginally greater in AGMs than RMs. Clinical onset was nearly immediate (+1dpi) in the mucosal exposure cohort whereas clinical signs and cytokine responses in aerosol exposure animals began +7dpi. Pathologies conserved in both species and both exposure modalities include pulmonary myeloid cell influx, development of pleuritis, and extended lack of regenerative capacity in the pulmonary compartment. Demonstration of conserved pulmonary pathology regardless of species and exposure route expands our understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to ARDS and/or functional lung damage and demonstrates the near clinical response of the nonhuman primate model for anti-fibrotic therapeutic evaluation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa C. Fears
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Biomedical Science Training Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | | | - Nicole R. Chirichella
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Nadia Slisarenko
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Z. Killeen
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Rachel K. Redmann
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Kelly Goff
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Skye Spencer
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Breanna Picou
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Nadia Golden
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Cecily C. Midkiff
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Duane J. Bush
- Zalgen Labs, LLC, Germantown, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Luis M. Branco
- Zalgen Labs, LLC, Germantown, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Hongmei Gao
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert V. Blair
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Lara A. Doyle-Meyers
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Kasi Russell-Lodrigue
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Maness
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Chad J. Roy
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
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60
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Ciurkiewicz M, Armando F, Schreiner T, de Buhr N, Pilchová V, Krupp-Buzimikic V, Gabriel G, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Baumgärtner W, Schulz C, Gerhauser I. Ferrets are valuable models for SARS-CoV-2 research. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:661-672. [PMID: 35001763 PMCID: PMC9207987 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211071012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), resulted in an ongoing pandemic with millions of deaths worldwide. Infection of humans can be asymptomatic or result in fever, fatigue, dry cough, dyspnea, and acute respiratory distress syndrome with multiorgan failure in severe cases. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is not fully understood, and various models employing different species are currently applied. Ferrets can be infected with SARS-CoV-2 and efficiently transmit the virus to contact animals. In contrast to hamsters, ferrets usually show mild disease and viral replication restricted to the upper airways. Most reports have used the intranasal inoculation route, while the intratracheal infection model is not well characterized. Herein, we present clinical, virological, and pathological data from young ferrets intratracheally inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. Infected animals showed no significant clinical signs, and had transient infection with peak viral RNA loads at 4 days postinfection, mild to moderate rhinitis, and pulmonary endothelialitis/vasculitis. Viral antigen was exclusively found in the respiratory epithelium of the nasal cavity, indicating a particular tropism for cells in this location. Viral antigen was associated with epithelial damage and influx of inflammatory cells, including activated neutrophils releasing neutrophil extracellular traps. Scanning electron microscopy of the nasal respiratory mucosa revealed loss of cilia, shedding, and rupture of epithelial cells. The currently established ferret SARS-CoV-2 infection models are comparatively discussed with SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in mink, and the advantages and disadvantages of both species as research models for zoonotic betacoronaviruses are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Armando
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tom Schreiner
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole de Buhr
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Veronika Pilchová
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vanessa Krupp-Buzimikic
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gülşah Gabriel
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Claudia Schulz
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ingo Gerhauser
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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61
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Bucşan AN, Veatch A, Singh DK, Akter S, Golden NA, Kirkpatrick M, Threeton B, Moodley C, Ahmed M, Doyle LA, Russell-Lodrigue K, Norton EB, Didier PJ, Roy CJ, Abramovitch RB, Mehra S, Khader SA, Kaushal D. Response to Hypoxia and the Ensuing Dysregulation of Inflammation Impacts Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenicity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:94-104. [PMID: 35412961 PMCID: PMC9718519 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202112-2747oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Different Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains exhibit variable degrees of virulence in humans and animal models. Differing stress response strategies used by different strains of Mtb could influence virulence. Objectives: We compared the virulence of two strains of Mtb with use in animal model research: CDC1551 and Erdman. Methods: Rhesus macaques, which develop human-like tuberculosis attributes and pathology, were infected with a high dose of either strain via aerosol, and virulence was compared by bacterial burden and pathology. Measurements and Main Results: Infection with Erdman resulted in significantly shorter times to euthanasia and higher bacterial burdens and greater systemic inflammation and lung pathology relative to those infected with CDC1551. Macaques infected with Erdman also exhibited significantly higher early inflammatory myeloid cell influx to the lung, greater macrophage and T cell activity, and higher expression of lung remodeling (extracellular matrix) genes, consistent with greater pathology. Expression of NOTCH4 (neurogenic locus notch homolog 4) signaling, which is induced in response to hypoxia and promotes undifferentiated cellular state, was also higher in Erdman-infected lungs. The granulomas generated by Erdman, and not CDC1551, infection appeared to have larger regions of necrosis, which is strongly associated with hypoxia. To better understand the mechanisms of differential hypoxia induction by these strains, we subjected both to hypoxia in vitro. Erdman induced higher concentrations of DosR regulon relative to CDC1551. The DosR regulon is the global regulator of response to hypoxia in Mtb and critical for its persistence in granulomas. Conclusions: Our results show that the response to hypoxia is a critical mediator of virulence determination in Mtb, with potential impacts on bacillary persistence, reactivation, and efficiency of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N. Bucşan
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Ashley Veatch
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Dhiraj K. Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Sadia Akter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nadia A. Golden
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Melanie Kirkpatrick
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Breanna Threeton
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Chivonne Moodley
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lara A. Doyle
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Kasi Russell-Lodrigue
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Elizabeth B. Norton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; and
| | - Peter J. Didier
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Chad J. Roy
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana;,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Robert B. Abramovitch
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana;,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Shabaana A. Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana;,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
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62
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Han HJ, Powers SJ, Gabrielson KL. The Common Marmoset-Biomedical Research Animal Model Applications and Common Spontaneous Diseases. Toxicol Pathol 2022; 50:628-637. [PMID: 35535728 PMCID: PMC9310150 DOI: 10.1177/01926233221095449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Marmosets are becoming more utilized in biomedical research due to multiple advantages including (1) a nonhuman primate of a smaller size with less cost for housing, (2) physiologic similarities to humans, (3) translatable hepatic metabolism, (4) higher numbers of litters per year, (5) genome is sequenced, molecular reagents are available, (6) immunologically similar to humans, (7) transgenic marmosets with germline transmission have been produced, and (8) are naturally occurring hematopoietic chimeras. With more use of marmosets, disease surveillance over a wide range of ages of marmosets has been performed. This has led to a better understanding of the disease management of spontaneous diseases that can occur in colonies. Knowledge of clinical signs and histologic lesions can assist in maximizing the colony's health, allowing for improved outcomes in translational studies within biomedical research. Here, we describe some basic husbandry, biology, common spontaneous diseases, and animal model applications for the common marmoset in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jeong Han
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sarah J Powers
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathleen L Gabrielson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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63
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Tiwari S, Goel G, Kumar A. Natural and genetically-modified animal models to investigate pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. Int Rev Immunol 2022; 43:13-32. [PMID: 35757923 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2022.2089666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), a pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a primarily respiratory tract disease. Suitable animal models for COVID-19 are required to study various aspects of pathogenesis, drug discovery, effective and safe vaccine development. Several laboratory animals including, non-human primates, hamsters, ferrets, transgenic mice, and zebrafish, have been used and proven their significance experimentally. Currently available animal models of SARS-CoV-2 can be broadly classified into two categories 1) natural animal models 2) genetically-modified that exhibit different degrees of susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2, tissue damage in respiratory and other organ systems. Not all the available animal models mimic COVID-19-like phenotype completely. Therefore, understanding various aspects of COVID-19 requires different animal models. In this review article, we provide an update on the immune response and clinical manifestations observed in naturally occurring and genetically-modified animals of COVID-19. We then review the transmission, viral replication, lung pathology, immunological aspects, and extrapulmonary phenotypes observed in various animal models. In the end, we put forth our perspective on the anticipated uses, disadvantages, and limitations of each type of animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Garima Goel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
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64
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Neil JA, Griffith M, Godfrey DI, Purcell DFJ, Deliyannis G, Jackson D, Rockman S, Subbarao K, Nolan T. Nonhuman primate models for evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1055-1070. [PMID: 35652289 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2071264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evaluation of immunogenicity and efficacy in animal models provide critical data in vaccine development. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) have been used extensively in the evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. AREAS COVERED A critical synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development with a focus on challenge studies in NHPs is provided. The benefits and drawbacks of the NHP models are discussed. The citations were selected by the authors based on PubMed searches of the literature, summaries from national public health bodies, and press-release information provided by vaccine developers. EXPERT OPINION We identify several aspects of NHP models that limit their usefulness for vaccine-challenge studies and numerous variables that constrain comparisons across vaccine platforms. We propose that studies conducted in NHPs for vaccine development should use a standardized protocol and, where possible, be substituted with smaller animal models. This will ensure continued rapid progression of vaccines to clinical trials without compromising assessments of safety or efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Neil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maryanne Griffith
- Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group (VIRGo), Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Damian F J Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Georgia Deliyannis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steve Rockman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Seqirus, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terry Nolan
- Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group (VIRGo), Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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65
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Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Free-Ranging Black-Tailed Marmoset (Mico melanurus) from an Urban Area in Mid-West Brazil. J Comp Pathol 2022; 194:22-27. [PMID: 35577455 PMCID: PMC9040408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of spillover pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 is a risk to vulnerable human populations. We report natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in a free-ranging adult female black-tailed marmoset (Mico melanurus) from an urban area of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The animal was found after a motor vehicle collision without previous clinical history. Necropsy confirmed polytrauma. Severe multifocal to coalescent haemorrhage and mild multifocal peribronchial lymphocytic hyperplasia were seen in lung sections. The alveolar septa were multifocally expanded by a few lymphocytes. Mild lymphocytic periportal hepatitis and interstitial nephritis were found. The lymphoid nodules of the large intestine showed marked lymphocytic hyperplasia. Infection by SARS-CoV-2 was established by viral RNA detection in a pool of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs and liver samples. Immunohistochemistry detected the viral nucleocapsid protein in sections of lung, liver, spleen, lymph nodes and large intestine, and spike protein antigen in lung tissue. This is the first report of naturally occurring SARS-CoV-2 infection in a New World monkey. Platyrrhine species should be included as potential hosts of natural infection of SARS-CoV-2.
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66
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Singh DK, Cole J, Escobedo RA, Alfson KJ, Singh B, Lee TH, Alvarez X, Ganatra SR, Carrion R, Kaushal D. Animal Models of COVID-19: Nonhuman Primates. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2452:227-258. [PMID: 35554911 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2111-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of the novel SARS-CoV-2, the entire world has been thrown into chaos with severe disruptions from a normal life. While the entire world was going chaotic, the researchers throughout the world were struggling to contribute to the best of their capabilities to advance the understanding of this new pandemic and fast track the development of novel therapeutics and vaccines. While various animal models have helped a lot to understand the basic physiology, nonhman primates have been promising and much more successful in modelling human diseases compared to other available clinical models. Here we describe the different aspects of modelling the SARS-CoV-2 infection in NHPs along with the associated methods used in NHP immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj K Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Journey Cole
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ruby A Escobedo
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Bindu Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Tae-Hyung Lee
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xavier Alvarez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shashank R Ganatra
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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67
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Pacheco JA, Molena KF, Martins CROG, Corona SAM, Borsatto MC. Photobiomodulation (PBMT) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in oral manifestations of patients infected by Sars-CoV-2: systematic review and meta-analysis. BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE 2022; 46:140. [PMID: 35601476 PMCID: PMC9108688 DOI: 10.1186/s42269-022-00830-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2019, a viral and respiratory pathology called COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, China, and spread to other continents. Its main symptoms include fever, cough, dyspnea, myalgia, anorexia and respiratory distress in the most severe cases, which can lead to death. Furthermore, manifestations in the oral cavity such as ageusia and dysgeusia, as well as lesions in other regions of the oral cavity, can be observed. MAIN BODY This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to critically assess the clinical evidence on the use of photobiomodulation (PBMT) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for the treatment of oral lesions in patients infected with Sars-Cov-2. The literature extracted from electronic databases such as PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, and Google Scholar was screened for eligibility, and relevant articles were included. The review is limited to manuscripts published in English, Spanish and Portuguese language between December 2019 and October 2021. A total of 5 articles with 11 cases retracting PBMT and aPDT as therapeutic strategies for the regression of oral lesions and painful symptoms. The results show favoring the associated use of PBMT with aPDT (P = 0.004), and the isolated use of PBMT with the result of significant "P = 0.005" and good confidence interval (7.18, 39.20) in ulcerative lesions, herpetic, aphthous, erythematous, petechiae and necrotic areas. CONCLUSIONS PBMT and aPDT could be effective in the treatment of oral lesions of patients infected with Sars-Cov-2 in a short period of time; however, more long-term randomized clinical trials studies are needed to define the therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Abreu Pacheco
- Postgraduate Program, EERP, University of São Paulo, Research Coordinator at the Ribeirão Preto Cancer Hospital, Sobeccan Hospital Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Kelly Fernanda Molena
- Postgraduate Program in Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Cristina Borsatto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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68
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Temerozo JR, Fintelman-Rodrigues N, Dos Santos MC, Hottz ED, Sacramento CQ, de Paula Dias da Silva A, Mandacaru SC, Dos Santos Moraes EC, Trugilho MRO, Gesto JSM, Ferreira MA, Saraiva FB, Palhinha L, Martins-Gonçalves R, Azevedo-Quintanilha IG, Abrantes JL, Righy C, Kurtz P, Jiang H, Tan H, Morel C, Bou-Habib DC, Bozza FA, Bozza PT, Souza TML. Human endogenous retrovirus K in the respiratory tract is associated with COVID-19 physiopathology. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:65. [PMID: 35459226 PMCID: PMC9024070 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critically ill 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients under invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) are 10 to 40 times more likely to die than the general population. Although progression from mild to severe COVID-19 has been associated with hypoxia, uncontrolled inflammation, and coagulopathy, the mechanisms involved in the progression to severity are poorly understood. METHODS The virome of tracheal aspirates (TA) from 25 COVID-19 patients under IMV was assessed through unbiased RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and correlation analyses were conducted using available clinical data. Unbiased sequences from nasopharyngeal swabs (NS) from mild cases and TA from non-COVID patients were included in our study for further comparisons. RESULTS We found higher levels and differential expression of human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) genes in TA from critically ill and deceased patients when comparing nasopharyngeal swabs from mild cases to TA from non-COVID patients. In critically ill patients, higher HERV-K levels were associated with early mortality (within 14 days of diagnosis) in the intensive care unit. Increased HERV-K expression in deceased patients was associated with IL-17-related inflammation, monocyte activation, and an increased consumption of clotting/fibrinolysis factors. Moreover, increased HERV-K expression was detected in human primary monocytes from healthy donors after experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. CONCLUSION Our data implicate the levels of HERV-K transcripts in the physiopathology of COVID-19 in the respiratory tract of patients under invasive mechanical ventilation. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo R Temerozo
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT/NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Disease Of Neglected Poppulations (INCT/IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Disease Of Neglected Poppulations (INCT/IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Monique Cristina Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eugenio D Hottz
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carolina Q Sacramento
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Disease Of Neglected Poppulations (INCT/IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline de Paula Dias da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Disease Of Neglected Poppulations (INCT/IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Samuel Coelho Mandacaru
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Disease Of Neglected Poppulations (INCT/IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Emilly Caroline Dos Santos Moraes
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Monique R O Trugilho
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Disease Of Neglected Poppulations (INCT/IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - João S M Gesto
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Disease Of Neglected Poppulations (INCT/IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves Ferreira
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Disease Of Neglected Poppulations (INCT/IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe Betoni Saraiva
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lohanna Palhinha
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Remy Martins-Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana L Abrantes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cássia Righy
- Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute (IECPN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro Kurtz
- Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute (IECPN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Hui Jiang
- MGI Tech Co. Ltd, Building No.11, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Hongdong Tan
- MGI Tech Co. Ltd, Building No.11, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Carlos Morel
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Disease Of Neglected Poppulations (INCT/IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dumith Chequer Bou-Habib
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT/NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Bozza
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Moreno L Souza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Disease Of Neglected Poppulations (INCT/IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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69
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Kenney DJ, O'Connell AK, Turcinovic J, Montanaro P, Hekman RM, Tamura T, Berneshawi AR, Cafiero TR, Al Abdullatif S, Blum B, Goldstein SI, Heller BL, Gertje HP, Bullitt E, Trachtenberg AJ, Chavez E, Nono ET, Morrison C, Tseng AE, Sheikh A, Kurnick S, Grosz K, Bosmann M, Ericsson M, Huber BR, Saeed M, Balazs AB, Francis KP, Klose A, Paragas N, Campbell JD, Connor JH, Emili A, Crossland NA, Ploss A, Douam F. Humanized mice reveal a macrophage-enriched gene signature defining human lung tissue protection during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110714. [PMID: 35421379 PMCID: PMC8977517 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immunological mechanisms defining the clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection remain elusive. This knowledge gap is mostly driven by the lack of appropriate experimental platforms recapitulating human immune responses in a controlled human lung environment. Here, we report a mouse model (i.e., HNFL mice) co-engrafted with human fetal lung xenografts (fLX) and a myeloid-enhanced human immune system to identify cellular and molecular correlates of lung protection during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Unlike mice solely engrafted with human fLX, HNFL mice are protected against infection, severe inflammation, and histopathological phenotypes. Lung tissue protection from infection and severe histopathology associates with macrophage infiltration and differentiation and the upregulation of a macrophage-enriched signature composed of 11 specific genes mainly associated with the type I interferon signaling pathway. Our work highlights the HNFL model as a transformative platform to investigate, in controlled experimental settings, human myeloid immune mechanisms governing lung tissue protection during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin J Kenney
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aoife K O'Connell
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Turcinovic
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paige Montanaro
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan M Hekman
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomokazu Tamura
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Thomas R Cafiero
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Salam Al Abdullatif
- Single Cell RNA Sequencing Core, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Blum
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stanley I Goldstein
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brigitte L Heller
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Hans P Gertje
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Esther Bullitt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander J Trachtenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Chavez
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evans Tuekam Nono
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Morrison
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna E Tseng
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amira Sheikh
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susanna Kurnick
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Animal Science Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyle Grosz
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Animal Science Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus Bosmann
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bertrand R Huber
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohsan Saeed
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Neal Paragas
- In Vivo Analytics, Inc., New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology Imaging Research Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joshua D Campbell
- Single Cell RNA Sequencing Core, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John H Connor
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Emili
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas A Crossland
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Florian Douam
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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70
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Naninck T, Kahlaoui N, Lemaitre J, Maisonnasse P, De Mori A, Pascal Q, Contreras V, Marlin R, Relouzat F, Delache B, Hérate C, Aldon Y, van Gils M, Zabaleta N, Ho Tsong Fang R, Bosquet N, Sanders RW, Vandenberghe LH, Chapon C, Le Grand R. Computed tomography and [ 18F]-FDG PET imaging provide additional readouts for COVID-19 pathogenesis and therapies evaluation in non-human primates. iScience 2022; 25:104101. [PMID: 35313622 PMCID: PMC8926429 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) are particularly relevant as preclinical models for SARS-CoV-2 infection and nuclear imaging may represent a valuable tool for monitoring infection in this species. We investigated the benefit of computed X-ray tomography (CT) and [18F]-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) to monitor the early phase of the disease in a large cohort (n = 76) of SARS-CoV-2 infected macaques. Following infection, animals showed mild COVID-19 symptoms including typical lung lesions. CT scores at the acute phase reflect the heterogeneity of lung burden following infection. Moreover, [18F]-FDG PET revealed that FDG uptake was significantly higher in the lungs, nasal cavities, lung-draining lymph nodes, and spleen of NHPs by 5 days postinfection compared to pre-infection levels, indicating early local inflammation. The comparison of CT and PET data from previous COVID-19 treatments or vaccines we tested in NHP, to this large cohort of untreated animals demonstrated the value of in vivo imaging in preclinical trials. Macaques exposed to SARS-CoV-2 show typical mild COVID-19 lung lesions Infected animals have increased metabolism in airways and some lymphatic organs PET and CT imaging provide an additional readout to assess therapy efficacy
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Naninck
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Nidhal Kahlaoui
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Julien Lemaitre
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Maisonnasse
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Antoine De Mori
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Pascal
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Contreras
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Romain Marlin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Francis Relouzat
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Delache
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Hérate
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Aldon
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marit van Gils
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nerea Zabaleta
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Raphaël Ho Tsong Fang
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Bosquet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Luk H Vandenberghe
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Catherine Chapon
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
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71
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Mask E, Hodara VL, Callery JE, Parodi LM, Obregon-Perko V, Yagi S, Glenn J, Frost P, Clemmons E, Patterson JL, Cox LA, Giavedoni LD. Molecular Approaches for the Validation of the Baboon as a Nonhuman Primate Model for the Study of Zika Virus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:880860. [PMID: 35493734 PMCID: PMC9046911 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.880860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonhuman primates (NHP) are particularly important for modeling infections with viruses that do not naturally replicate in rodent cells. Zika virus (ZIKV) has been responsible for sporadic epidemics, but in 2015 a disseminated outbreak of ZIKV resulted in the World Health Organization declaring it a global health emergency. Since the advent of this last epidemic, several NHP species, including the baboon, have been utilized for modeling and understanding the complications of ZIKV infection in humans; several health issues related to the outcome of infection have not been resolved yet and require further investigation. This study was designed to validate, in baboons, the molecular signatures that have previously been identified in ZIKV-infected humans and macaque models. We performed a comprehensive molecular analysis of baboons during acute ZIKV infection, including flow cytometry, cytokine, immunological, and transcriptomic analyses. We show here that, similar to most human cases, ZIKV infection of male baboons tends to be subclinical, but is associated with a rapid and transient antiviral interferon-based response signature that induces a detectable humoral and cell-mediated immune response. This immunity against the virus protects animals from challenge with a divergent ZIKV strain, as evidenced by undetectable viremia but clear anamnestic responses. These results provide additional support for the use of baboons as an alternative animal model to macaques and validate omic techniques that could help identify the molecular basis of complications associated with ZIKV infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Mask
- Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Vida L. Hodara
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, United States,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jessica E. Callery
- Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Laura M. Parodi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, United States,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | | | - Shigeo Yagi
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, United States
| | - Jeremy Glenn
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Patrice Frost
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth Clemmons
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | | | - Laura A. Cox
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, United States,Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest Health Sciences University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Luis D. Giavedoni
- Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, United States,Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Luis D. Giavedoni,
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72
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COVID-19: A Veterinary and One Health Perspective. J Indian Inst Sci 2022; 102:689-709. [PMID: 35968231 PMCID: PMC9364302 DOI: 10.1007/s41745-022-00318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
Interface with animals has been responsible for the occurrence of a major proportion of human diseases for the past several decades. Recent outbreaks of respiratory, haemorrhagic, encephalitic, arthropod-borne and other viral diseases have underlined the role of animals in the transmission of pathogens to humans. The on-going coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is one among them and is thought to have originated from bats and jumped to humans through an intermediate animal host. Indeed, the aetiology, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can infect and cause disease in cats, ferrets and minks, as well as be transmitted from one animal to another. The seriousness of the pandemic along with the zoonotic origin of the virus has been a red alert on the critical need for collaboration and cooperation among human and animal health professionals, as well as stakeholders from various other disciplines that study planetary health parameters and the well-being of the biosphere. It is therefore imminent that One Health principles are applied across the board for human infectious diseases so that we can be better prepared for future zoonotic disease outbreaks and pandemics.
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73
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Choudhary S, Kanevsky I, Yildiz S, Sellers RS, Swanson KA, Franks T, Rathnasinghe R, Munoz-Moreno R, Jangra S, Gonzalez O, Meade P, Coskran T, Qian J, Lanz TA, Johnson JG, Tierney CA, Smith JD, Tompkins K, Illenberger A, Corts P, Ciolino T, Dormitzer PR, Dick EJ, Shivanna V, Hall-Ursone S, Cole J, Kaushal D, Fontenot JA, Martinez-Romero C, McMahon M, Krammer F, Schotsaert M, García-Sastre A. Modeling SARS-CoV-2: Comparative Pathology in Rhesus Macaque and Golden Syrian Hamster Models. Toxicol Pathol 2022; 50:280-293. [PMID: 35128980 PMCID: PMC8819578 DOI: 10.1177/01926233211072767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans has a wide range of presentations, ranging from asymptomatic or mild symptoms to severe illness. Suitable animal models mimicking varying degrees of clinical disease manifestations could expedite development of therapeutics and vaccines for COVID-19. Here we demonstrate that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection resulted in subclinical disease in rhesus macaques with mild pneumonia and clinical disease in Syrian hamsters with severe pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, or in situ hybridization. Replicating virus in the lungs was identified using in situ hybridization or virus plaque forming assays. Viral encephalitis, reported in some COVID-19 patients, was identified in one macaque and was confirmed with immunohistochemistry. There was no evidence of encephalitis in hamsters. Severity and distribution of lung inflammation were substantially more in hamsters compared with macaques and exhibited vascular changes and virus-induced cytopathic changes as seen in COVID-19 patients. Neither the hamster nor macaque models demonstrated evidence for multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (MIS). Data presented here demonstrate that macaques may be appropriate for mechanistic studies of mild asymptomatic COVID-19 pneumonia and COVID-19-associated encephalitis, whereas Syrian hamsters may be more suited to study severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhunath Choudhary
- Pfizer, Pearl River, New York, USA,Shambhunath Choudhary, Pfizer, 401 North Middletown Road, Building 200/3608C, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA.
| | | | - Soner Yildiz
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sonia Jangra
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Olga Gonzalez
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Philip Meade
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Edward J. Dick
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Vinay Shivanna
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Journey Cole
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Meagan McMahon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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74
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Van Rompay KKA, Olstad KJ, Sammak RL, Dutra J, Watanabe JK, Usachenko JL, Immareddy R, Roh JW, Verma A, Shaan Lakshmanappa Y, Schmidt BA, Di Germanio C, Rizvi N, Liu H, Ma ZM, Stone M, Simmons G, Dumont LJ, Allen AM, Lockwood S, Pollard RE, Ramiro de Assis R, Yee JL, Nham PB, Ardeshir A, Deere JD, Jain A, Felgner PL, Coffey LL, Iyer SS, Hartigan-O’Connor DJ, Busch MP, Reader JR. Early post-infection treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infected macaques with human convalescent plasma with high neutralizing activity had no antiviral effects but moderately reduced lung inflammation. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1009925. [PMID: 35443018 PMCID: PMC9060337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Early in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there was a high level of optimism based on observational studies and small controlled trials that treating hospitalized patients with convalescent plasma from COVID-19 survivors (CCP) would be an important immunotherapy. However, as more data from controlled trials became available, the results became disappointing, with at best moderate evidence of efficacy when CCP with high titers of neutralizing antibodies was used early in infection. To better understand the potential therapeutic efficacy of CCP, and to further validate SARS-CoV-2 infection of macaques as a reliable animal model for testing such strategies, we inoculated 12 adult rhesus macaques with SARS-CoV-2 by intratracheal and intranasal routes. One day later, 8 animals were infused with pooled human CCP with a high titer of neutralizing antibodies (RVPN NT50 value of 3,003), while 4 control animals received normal human plasma. Animals were monitored for 7 days. Animals treated with CCP had detectable but low levels of antiviral antibodies after infusion. In comparison to the control animals, CCP-treated animals had similar levels of viral RNA in upper and lower respiratory tract secretions, similar detection of viral RNA in lung tissues by in situ hybridization, but lower amounts of infectious virus in the lungs. CCP-treated animals had a moderate, but statistically significant reduction in interstitial pneumonia, as measured by comprehensive lung histology. Thus overall, therapeutic benefits of CCP were marginal and inferior to results obtained earlier with monoclonal antibodies in this animal model. By highlighting strengths and weaknesses, data of this study can help to further optimize nonhuman primate models to provide proof-of-concept of intervention strategies, and guide the future use of convalescent plasma against SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other newly emerging respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen K. A. Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Katherine J. Olstad
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca L. Sammak
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph Dutra
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer K. Watanabe
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jodie L. Usachenko
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ramya Immareddy
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jamin W. Roh
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Anil Verma
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Yashavanth Shaan Lakshmanappa
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Brian A. Schmidt
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Clara Di Germanio
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nabeela Rizvi
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Graham Simmons
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Larry J. Dumont
- Vitalant Research Institute, Denver, Colorado; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - A. Mark Allen
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah Lockwood
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Rachel E. Pollard
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Rafael Ramiro de Assis
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - JoAnn L. Yee
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Peter B. Nham
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Amir Ardeshir
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jesse D. Deere
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Aarti Jain
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Philip L. Felgner
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Lark L. Coffey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Smita S. Iyer
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Dennis J. Hartigan-O’Connor
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - J. Rachel Reader
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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Mooij P, García-Arriaza J, Pérez P, Lázaro-Frías A, Verstrepen BE, Böszörményi KP, Mortier D, Fagrouch Z, Kiemenyi-Kayere G, Niphuis H, Acar RF, Meijer L, Stammes MA, Kondova I, Verschoor EJ, GeurtsvanKessel CH, de Bruin E, Sikkema RS, Luczkowiak J, Delgado R, Montenegro D, Puentes E, Rodríguez E, Bogers WMJM, Koopman G, Esteban M. Poxvirus MVA Expressing SARS-CoV-2 S Protein Induces Robust Immunity and Protects Rhesus Macaques From SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2022; 13:845887. [PMID: 35371043 PMCID: PMC8966779 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.845887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel safe, immunogenic, and effective vaccines are needed to control the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2. Here, we describe the safety, robust immunogenicity, and potent efficacy elicited in rhesus macaques by a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vector expressing a full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein (MVA-S). MVA-S vaccination was well tolerated and induced S and receptor-binding domain (RBD)-binding IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and several variants of concern. S-specific IFNγ, but not IL-4, -producing cells were also elicited. After SARS-CoV-2 challenge, vaccinated animals showed a significant strong reduction of virus loads in bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) and decreased levels in throat and nasal mucosa. Remarkably, MVA-S also protected macaques from fever and infection-induced cytokine storm. Computed tomography and histological examination of the lungs showed reduced lung pathology in MVA-S-vaccinated animals. These findings favor the use of MVA-S as a potential vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Mooij
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Juan García-Arriaza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Lázaro-Frías
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Babs E. Verstrepen
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Kinga P. Böszörményi
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Daniella Mortier
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Zahra Fagrouch
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | | | - Henk Niphuis
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Roja Fidel Acar
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Lisette Meijer
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Marieke A. Stammes
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Ivanela Kondova
- Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Ernst J. Verschoor
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | | | - Erwin de Bruin
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reina S. Sikkema
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joanna Luczkowiak
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Delgado
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Willy M. J. M. Bogers
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Koopman
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Nelson CE, Namasivayam S, Foreman TW, Kauffman KD, Sakai S, Dorosky DE, Lora NE, Brooks K, Potter EL, Garza NL, Lafont BAP, Johnson RF, Roederer M, Sher A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, de Wit E, Hickman HD, Brenchley JM, Via LE, Barber DL. Mild SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques is associated with viral control prior to antigen-specific T cell responses in tissues. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabo0535. [PMID: 35271298 PMCID: PMC8995035 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abo0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 primarily replicates in mucosal sites, and more information is needed about immune responses in infected tissues. Here, we used rhesus macaques to model protective primary immune responses in tissues during mild COVID-19. Viral RNA levels were highest on days 1-2 post-infection and fell precipitously thereafter. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid lung abnormalities and interferon (IFN)-activated monocytes and macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were found on days 3-4 post-infection. Virus-specific effector CD8+ and CD4+ T cells became detectable in the BAL and lung tissue on days 7-10, after viral RNA, radiologic evidence of lung inflammation, and IFN-activated myeloid cells had substantially declined. Notably, SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were not detectable in the nasal turbinates, salivary glands, and tonsils on day 10 post-infection. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 replication wanes in the lungs of rhesus macaques prior to T cell responses, and in the nasal and oral mucosa despite the apparent lack of antigen-specific T cells, suggesting that innate immunity efficiently restricts viral replication during mild COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Nelson
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sivaranjani Namasivayam
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Taylor W. Foreman
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keith D. Kauffman
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shunsuke Sakai
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle E. Dorosky
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nickiana E. Lora
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - NIAID/DIR Tuberculosis Imaging Program3†
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Kelsie Brooks
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - E. Lake Potter
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole L. Garza
- SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bernard A. P. Lafont
- SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Reed F. Johnson
- SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mario Roederer
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Heather D. Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jason M. Brenchley
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Daniel L. Barber
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Jarrah SA, Kmetiuk LB, de Carvalho OV, de Sousa ATHI, Souza VRF, Nakazato L, Colodel EM, dos Santos AP, Pettan-Brewer C, Hahn RC, Slhessarenko RD, Ubiali DG, Pereira AHB, de Morais HA, Biondo AW, Dutra V. Persistent SARS-CoV-2 antigen presence in multiple organs of a naturally infected cat from Brazil. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2022; 28:e20210074. [PMID: 35310131 PMCID: PMC8906534 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2021-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of the disease coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in humans. SARS-CoV-2 has been identified in cats with or without clinical signs. Case presentation We describe the pathological and molecular findings in a six-month-old asymptomatic cat with SARS-CoV-2 infection from Brazil, belonging to a human family with COVID-19 cases. The pool of nasopharynx and oropharynx swabs at day zero tested positive by RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2. No amplification resulted from molecular testing performed on days 7 and 14. The cat was hit by a car and died 43 days after the molecular diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry at post-mortem examination demonstrated nucleocapsid protein in samples from the lungs, kidneys, nasal conchae, trachea, intestine, brain and spleen. Conclusion The present study has highlighted the possibility that viral antigens can be detected by immunohistochemistry in multiple organs six weeks after infection, although the same tissues tested negative by RT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Afif Jarrah
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MG, Brazil
| | - Louise Bach Kmetiuk
- Graduate College of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Valeria Regia Franco Souza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciano Nakazato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MG, Brazil
| | - Edson Moleta Colodel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MG, Brazil
| | - Andrea Pires dos Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Christina Pettan-Brewer
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Guimarães Ubiali
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Asheley Henrique Barbosa Pereira
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Valéria Dutra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MG, Brazil
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78
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Evolutionary Analysis of Mammalian ACE2 and the Key Residues Involved in Binding to the Spike Protein Revealed Potential SARS-CoV-2 Hosts. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.52547/jommid.10.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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79
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Ritter JM, Wilson TM, Gary JM, Seixas JN, Martines RB, Bhatnagar J, Bollweg BC, Lee E, Estetter L, Silva-Flannery L, Bullock HA, Towner JS, Cossaboom CM, Wendling NM, Amman BR, Harvey RR, Taylor D, Rettler H, Barton Behravesh C, Zaki SR. Histopathology and localization of SARS-CoV-2 and its host cell entry receptor ACE2 in tissues from naturally infected US-farmed mink ( Neovison vison). Vet Pathol 2022; 59:681-695. [PMID: 35229669 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221079665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes respiratory disease in mink similar to human COVID-19. We characterized the pathological findings in 72 mink from US farms with SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks, localized SARS-CoV-2 and its host cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in mink respiratory tissues, and evaluated the utility of various test methods and specimens for SARS-CoV-2 detection in necropsy tissues. Of SARS-CoV-2-positive animals found dead, 74% had bronchiolitis and diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). Of euthanized SARS-CoV-2-positive animals, 72% had only mild interstitial pneumonia or minimal nonspecific lung changes (congestion, edema, macrophages); similar findings were seen in SARS-CoV-2-negative animals. Suppurative rhinitis, lymphocytic perivascular inflammation in the lungs, and lymphocytic infiltrates in other tissues were common in both SARS-CoV-2-positive and SARS-CoV-2-negative animals. In formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) upper respiratory tract (URT) specimens, conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (cRT-PCR) was more sensitive than in situ hybridization (ISH) or immunohistochemistry (IHC) for detection of SARS-CoV-2. FFPE lung specimens yielded less detection of virus than FFPE URT specimens by all test methods. By IHC and ISH, virus localized extensively to epithelial cells in the nasal turbinates, and prominently within intact epithelium; olfactory mucosa was mostly spared. The SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 was extensively detected by IHC within turbinate epithelium, with decreased detection in lower respiratory tract epithelium and alveolar macrophages. This study expands on the knowledge of the pathology and pathogenesis of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in mink and supports their further investigation as a potential animal model of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana M Ritter
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Tais M Wilson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Joy M Gary
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.,StageBio, Frederick, MD
| | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Lee
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian R Amman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Dean Taylor
- Utah Department of Agriculture and Food, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | - Sherif R Zaki
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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80
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Jawalagatti V, Kirthika P, Hewawaduge C, Park JY, Yang MS, Oh B, So MY, Kim B, Lee JH. A Simplified SARS-CoV-2 Mouse Model Demonstrates Protection by an Oral Replicon-Based mRNA Vaccine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:811802. [PMID: 35250985 PMCID: PMC8888445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.811802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 that can be developed in any molecular biology lab with standard facilities will be valuable in evaluating drugs and vaccines. Here we present a simplified SARS-CoV-2 mouse model exploiting the rapid adenoviral purification method. Mice that are sensitive to SARS-CoV-2 infection were generated by transducing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) by an adenovirus. The expression kinetics of the hACE2 in transduced mice were assessed by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and qPCR. Further, the ability of the hACE2 to support viral replication was determined in vitro and in vivo. The hACE2 expression in the lungs of mice was observed for at least nine days after transduction. The murine macrophages expressing hACE2 supported viral replication with detection of high viral titers. Next, in vivo studies were carried out to determine viral replication and lung disease following SARS-CoV-2 challenge. The model supported viral replication, and the challenged mouse developed lung disease characteristic of moderate interstitial pneumonia. Further, we illustrated the utility of the system by demonstrating protection using an oral mRNA vaccine. The multicistronic vaccine design enabled by the viral self-cleaving peptides targets receptor binding domain (RBD), heptad repeat domain (HR), membrane glycoprotein (M) and epitopes of nsp13 of parental SARS-CoV-2. Further, Salmonella and Semliki Forest virus replicon were exploited, respectively, for gene delivery and mRNA expression. We recorded potent cross-protective neutralizing antibodies in immunized mice against the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. The vaccine protected the mice against viral replication and SARS-CoV-2-induced weight loss and lung pathology. The findings support the suitability of the model for preclinical evaluation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapies and vaccines. In addition, the findings provide novel insights into mRNA vaccine design against infectious diseases not limiting to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Jawalagatti
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Perumalraja Kirthika
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Chamith Hewawaduge
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Byungkwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Mi Young So
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
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81
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Abstract
Nonhuman primates are critically important animal models in which to study complex human diseases, understand biological functions, and address the safety of new diagnostics and therapies proposed for human use. They have genetic, physiologic, immunologic, and developmental similarities when compared to humans and therefore provide important preclinical models of human health and disease. This review highlights select research areas that demonstrate the importance of nonhuman primates in translational research. These include pregnancy and developmental disorders, infectious diseases, gene therapy, somatic cell genome editing, and applications of in vivo imaging. The power of the immune system and our increasing understanding of the role it plays in acute and chronic illnesses are being leveraged to produce new treatments for a range of medical conditions. Given the importance of the human immune system in health and disease, detailed study of the immune system of nonhuman primates is essential to advance preclinical translational research. The need for nonhuman primates continues to remain a high priority, which has been acutely evident during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) global pandemic. Nonhuman primates will continue to address key questions and provide predictive models to identify the safety and efficiency of new diagnostics and therapies for human use across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice F Tarantal
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, California, USA;
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Stephen C Noctor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA;
| | - Dennis J Hartigan-O'Connor
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA;
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82
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Singh DK, Aladyeva E, Das S, Singh B, Esaulova E, Swain A, Ahmed M, Cole J, Moodley C, Mehra S, Schlesinger LS, Artyomov MN, Khader SA, Kaushal D. Myeloid cell interferon responses correlate with clearance of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2022; 13:679. [PMID: 35115549 PMCID: PMC8814034 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergence of mutant SARS-CoV-2 strains associated with an increased risk of COVID-19-related death necessitates better understanding of the early viral dynamics, host responses and immunopathology. Single cell RNAseq (scRNAseq) allows for the study of individual cells, uncovering heterogeneous and variable responses to environment, infection and inflammation. While studies have reported immune profiling using scRNAseq in terminal human COVID-19 patients, performing longitudinal immune cell dynamics in humans is challenging. Macaques are a suitable model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our longitudinal scRNAseq of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell suspensions from young rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2 (n = 6) demonstrates dynamic changes in transcriptional landscape 3 days post- SARS-CoV-2-infection (3dpi; peak viremia), relative to 14-17dpi (recovery phase) and pre-infection (baseline) showing accumulation of distinct populations of both macrophages and T-lymphocytes expressing strong interferon-driven inflammatory gene signature at 3dpi. Type I interferon response is induced in the plasmacytoid dendritic cells with appearance of a distinct HLADR+CD68+CD163+SIGLEC1+ macrophage population exhibiting higher angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression. These macrophages are significantly enriched in the lungs of macaques at 3dpi and harbor SARS-CoV-2 while expressing a strong interferon-driven innate anti-viral gene signature. The accumulation of these responses correlated with decline in viremia and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj K Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA
| | - Ekaterina Aladyeva
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shibali Das
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bindu Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA
| | - Ekaterina Esaulova
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Amanda Swain
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Journey Cole
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA
| | - Chivonne Moodley
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA.
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83
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Bastard P, Zhang Q, Zhang SY, Jouanguy E, Casanova JL. Type I interferons and SARS-CoV-2: from cells to organisms. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 74:172-182. [PMID: 35149239 PMCID: PMC8786610 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) have broad and potent antiviral activity. We review the interplay between type I IFNs and SARS-CoV-2. Human cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 in vitro produce low levels of type I IFNs, and SARS-CoV-2 proteins can inhibit various steps in type I IFN production and response. Exogenous type I IFNs inhibit viral growth in vitro. In various animal species infected in vivo, type I IFN deficiencies underlie higher viral loads and more severe disease than in control animals. The early administration of exogenous type I IFNs improves infection control. In humans, inborn errors of, and auto-antibodies against type I IFNs underlie life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia. Overall, type I IFNs are essential for host defense against SARS-CoV-2 in individual cells and whole organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bastard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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84
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Stammes MA, Lee JH, Meijer L, Naninck T, Doyle-Meyers LA, White AG, Borish HJ, Hartman AL, Alvarez X, Ganatra S, Kaushal D, Bohm RP, le Grand R, Scanga CA, Langermans JAM, Bontrop RE, Finch CL, Flynn JL, Calcagno C, Crozier I, Kuhn JH. Medical imaging of pulmonary disease in SARS-CoV-2-exposed non-human primates. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:123-142. [PMID: 34955425 PMCID: PMC8648672 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chest X-ray (CXR), computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) are noninvasive imaging techniques widely used in human and veterinary pulmonary research and medicine. These techniques have recently been applied in studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-exposed non-human primates (NHPs) to complement virological assessments with meaningful translational readouts of lung disease. Our review of the literature indicates that medical imaging of SARS-CoV-2-exposed NHPs enables high-resolution qualitative and quantitative characterization of disease otherwise clinically invisible and potentially provides user-independent and unbiased evaluation of medical countermeasures (MCMs). However, we also found high variability in image acquisition and analysis protocols among studies. These findings uncover an urgent need to improve standardization and ensure direct comparability across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke A Stammes
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Lisette Meijer
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Thibaut Naninck
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Lara A Doyle-Meyers
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA; Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Alexander G White
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - H Jacob Borish
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Amy L Hartman
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pitt Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xavier Alvarez
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | | | - Deepak Kaushal
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Rudolf P Bohm
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA; Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Roger le Grand
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Charles A Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jan A M Langermans
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands; Department Population Health Sciences, Division of Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald E Bontrop
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands; Department of Biology, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Courtney L Finch
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Claudia Calcagno
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ian Crozier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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85
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Speranza E, Purushotham JN, Port JR, Schwarz B, Flagg M, Williamson BN, Feldmann F, Singh M, Pérez-Pérez L, Sturdevant GL, Roberts LM, Carmody A, Schulz JE, van Doremalen N, Okumura A, Lovaglio J, Hanley PW, Shaia C, Germain RN, Best SM, Munster VJ, Bosio CM, de Wit E. Age-related differences in immune dynamics during SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/4/e202101314. [PMID: 35039442 PMCID: PMC8807873 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased age is a risk factor for severe COVID-19. Multi-omics profiling in rhesus macaques suggests that aging may delay or impair cellular immune responses and the return to immune homeostasis. Advanced age is a key predictor of severe COVID-19. To gain insight into this relationship, we used the rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eight older and eight younger macaques were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. Animals were evaluated using viral RNA quantification, clinical observations, thoracic radiographs, single-cell transcriptomics, multiparameter flow cytometry, multiplex immunohistochemistry, cytokine detection, and lipidomics analysis at predefined time points in various tissues. Differences in clinical signs, pulmonary infiltrates, and virus replication were limited. Transcriptional signatures of inflammation-associated genes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 3 dpi revealed efficient mounting of innate immune defenses in both cohorts. However, age-specific divergence of immune responses emerged during the post-acute phase. Older animals exhibited sustained local inflammatory innate responses, whereas local effector T-cell responses were induced earlier in the younger animals. Circulating lipid mediator and cytokine levels highlighted increased repair-associated signals in the younger animals, and persistent pro-inflammatory responses in the older animals. In summary, despite similar disease outcomes, multi-omics profiling suggests that age may delay or impair antiviral cellular immune responses and delay efficient return to immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Speranza
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jyothi N Purushotham
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.,The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia R Port
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Benjamin Schwarz
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Meaghan Flagg
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Brandi N Williamson
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Manmeet Singh
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Lizzette Pérez-Pérez
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Gail L Sturdevant
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Lydia M Roberts
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Aaron Carmody
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jonathan E Schulz
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Neeltje van Doremalen
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Patrick W Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Ronald N Germain
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonja M Best
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Vincent J Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Catharine M Bosio
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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86
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SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Zoonoses to Pumas and Lions, South Africa. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010120. [PMID: 35062324 PMCID: PMC8778549 DOI: 10.3390/v14010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reverse-zoonotic infections of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from humans to wildlife species internationally raise concern over the emergence of new variants in animals. A better understanding of the transmission dynamics and pathogenesis in susceptible species will mitigate the risk to humans and wildlife occurring in Africa. Here we report infection of an exotic puma (July 2020) and three African lions (July 2021) in the same private zoo in Johannesburg, South Africa. One Health genomic surveillance identified transmission of a Delta variant from a zookeeper to the three lions, similar to those circulating in humans in South Africa. One lion developed pneumonia while the other cases had mild infection. Both the puma and lions remained positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA for up to 7 weeks.
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87
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Caldera-Crespo LA, Paidas MJ, Roy S, Schulman CI, Kenyon NS, Daunert S, Jayakumar AR. Experimental Models of COVID-19. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:792584. [PMID: 35096645 PMCID: PMC8791197 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.792584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is the most consequential pandemic of the 21st century. Since the earliest stage of the 2019-2020 epidemic, animal models have been useful in understanding the etiopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and rapid development of vaccines/drugs to prevent, treat or eradicate SARS-CoV-2 infection. Early SARS-CoV-1 research using immortalized in-vitro cell lines have aided in understanding different cells and receptors needed for SARS-CoV-2 infection and, due to their ability to be easily manipulated, continue to broaden our understanding of COVID-19 disease in in-vivo models. The scientific community determined animal models as the most useful models which could demonstrate viral infection, replication, transmission, and spectrum of illness as seen in human populations. Until now, there have not been well-described animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection although transgenic mouse models (i.e. mice with humanized ACE2 receptors with humanized receptors) have been proposed. Additionally, there are only limited facilities (Biosafety level 3 laboratories) available to contribute research to aid in eventually exterminating SARS-CoV-2 infection around the world. This review summarizes the most successful animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection including studies in Non-Human Primates (NHPs) which were found to be susceptible to infection and transmitted the virus similarly to humans (e.g., Rhesus macaques, Cynomolgus, and African Green Monkeys), and animal models that do not require Biosafety level 3 laboratories (e.g., Mouse Hepatitis Virus models of COVID-19, Ferret model, Syrian Hamster model). Balancing safety, mimicking human COVID-19 and robustness of the animal model, the Murine Hepatitis Virus-1 Murine model currently represents the most optimal model for SARS-CoV-2/COVID19 research. Exploring future animal models will aid researchers/scientists in discovering the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and in identifying therapies to prevent or treat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Caldera-Crespo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- St. George's University Graduate Medical Education Program, University Centre Grenada, West Indies, Grenada
| | - Michael J Paidas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sabita Roy
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Carl I Schulman
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Norma Sue Kenyon
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Dr. JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- University of Miami Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Arumugam R Jayakumar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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88
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Rowe LA, Beddingfield BJ, Goff K, Killeen SZ, Chirichella NR, Melton A, Roy CJ, Maness NJ. Intra-Host SARS-CoV-2 Evolution in the Gut of Mucosally-Infected Chlorocebus aethiops (African Green Monkeys). Viruses 2022; 14:77. [PMID: 35062281 PMCID: PMC8777858 DOI: 10.3390/v14010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent months, several SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged that enhance transmissibility and escape host humoral immunity. Hence, the tracking of viral evolutionary trajectories is clearly of great importance. Little is known about SARS-CoV-2 evolution in nonhuman primate models used to test vaccines and therapies and to model human disease. Viral RNA was sequenced from rectal swabs from Chlorocebus aethiops (African green monkeys) after experimental respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection. Two distinct patterns of viral evolution were identified that were shared between all collected samples. First, mutations in the furin cleavage site that were initially present in the virus as a consequence of VeroE6 cell culture adaptation were not detected in viral RNA recovered in rectal swabs, confirming the necessity of this motif for viral infection in vivo. Three amino acid changes were also identified; ORF 1a S2103F, and spike D215G and H655Y, which were detected in rectal swabs from all sampled animals. These findings are demonstrative of intra-host SARS-CoV-2 evolution and may identify a host-adapted variant of SARS-CoV-2 that would be useful in future primate models involving SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A. Rowe
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (L.A.R.); (B.J.B.); (K.G.); (S.Z.K.); (N.R.C.); (A.M.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Brandon J. Beddingfield
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (L.A.R.); (B.J.B.); (K.G.); (S.Z.K.); (N.R.C.); (A.M.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Kelly Goff
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (L.A.R.); (B.J.B.); (K.G.); (S.Z.K.); (N.R.C.); (A.M.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Stephanie Z. Killeen
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (L.A.R.); (B.J.B.); (K.G.); (S.Z.K.); (N.R.C.); (A.M.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Nicole R. Chirichella
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (L.A.R.); (B.J.B.); (K.G.); (S.Z.K.); (N.R.C.); (A.M.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Alexandra Melton
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (L.A.R.); (B.J.B.); (K.G.); (S.Z.K.); (N.R.C.); (A.M.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Chad J. Roy
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (L.A.R.); (B.J.B.); (K.G.); (S.Z.K.); (N.R.C.); (A.M.); (C.J.R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Maness
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (L.A.R.); (B.J.B.); (K.G.); (S.Z.K.); (N.R.C.); (A.M.); (C.J.R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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89
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Muñoz-Fontela C, Widerspick L, Albrecht RA, Beer M, Carroll MW, de Wit E, Diamond MS, Dowling WE, Funnell SGP, García-Sastre A, Gerhards NM, de Jong R, Munster VJ, Neyts J, Perlman S, Reed DS, Richt JA, Riveros-Balta X, Roy CJ, Salguero FJ, Schotsaert M, Schwartz LM, Seder RA, Segalés J, Vasan SS, Henao-Restrepo AM, Barouch DH. Advances and gaps in SARS-CoV-2 infection models. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010161. [PMID: 35025969 PMCID: PMC8757994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now facing new challenges such as vaccine inequity and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). Preclinical models of disease, in particular animal models, are essential to investigate VOC pathogenesis, vaccine correlates of protection and postexposure therapies. Here, we provide an update from the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 modeling expert group (WHO-COM) assembled by WHO, regarding advances in preclinical models. In particular, we discuss how animal model research is playing a key role to evaluate VOC virulence, transmission and immune escape, and how animal models are being refined to recapitulate COVID-19 demographic variables such as comorbidities and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Muñoz-Fontela
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lina Widerspick
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Randy A. Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Martin Beer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Miles W. Carroll
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, United Kingdom
- Pandemic Sciences Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, United Kingdom
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - William E. Dowling
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), Washington, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Simon G. P. Funnell
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Rineke de Jong
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent J. Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Douglas S. Reed
- Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Juergen A. Richt
- Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | | | - Chad J. Roy
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | | | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Robert A. Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus UAB, and Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Seshadri S. Vasan
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, CSIRO, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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90
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Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent an innate immune cell population comprised of immature myeloid cells and myeloid progenitors with very potent immunosuppressive potential. MDSCs are reported to be abundant in the lungs of active tuberculosis (TB) patients. We sought to perform an in-depth study of MDSCs during latent TB infection (LTBI) and active TB (ATB) using the nonhuman primate (NHP) model of pulmonary TB. We found a higher proportion of granulocytic, polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) in the lungs of ATB animals compared to those with LTBI or naive control animals. Active disease in the lung, but not LTBI, was furthermore associated with higher proliferation, expansion, and immunosuppressive capabilities of PMN-MDSCs, as shown by enhanced expression of Ki67, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1), interleukin-10 (IL-10), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). These immunosuppressive PMN-MDSCs specifically localized to the lymphocytic cuff at the periphery of the granulomas in animals with ATB. Conversely, these cells were scarcely distributed in interstitial lung tissue and the inner core of granulomas. This spatial regulation suggests an important immunomodulatory role of PMN-MDSCs by restricting T cell access to the TB granuloma core and can potentially explain dysfunctional anti-TB responses in active granuloma. Our results raise the possibility that the presence of MDSCs can serve as a biomarker for ATB, while their disappearance can indicate successful therapy. Furthermore, MDSCs may serve as a potential target cell for adjunctive TB therapy.
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91
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Wu ML, Liu FL, Sun J, Li X, He XY, Zheng HY, Zhou YH, Yan Q, Chen L, Yu GY, Chang J, Jin X, Zhao J, Chen XW, Zheng YT, Wang JH. SARS-CoV-2-triggered mast cell rapid degranulation induces alveolar epithelial inflammation and lung injury. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:428. [PMID: 34921131 PMCID: PMC8677926 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced hyper-inflammation links to the acute lung injury and COVID-19 severity. Identifying the primary mediators that initiate the uncontrolled hypercytokinemia is essential for treatments. Mast cells (MCs) are strategically located at the mucosa and beneficially or detrimentally regulate immune inflammations. In this study, we showed that SARS-CoV-2-triggered MC degranulation initiated alveolar epithelial inflammation and lung injury. SARS-CoV-2 challenge induced MC degranulation in ACE-2 humanized mice and rhesus macaques, and a rapid MC degranulation could be recapitulated with Spike-RBD binding to ACE2 in cells; MC degranulation altered various signaling pathways in alveolar epithelial cells, particularly, the induction of pro-inflammatory factors and consequential disruption of tight junctions. Importantly, the administration of clinical MC stabilizers for blocking degranulation dampened SARS-CoV-2-induced production of pro-inflammatory factors and prevented lung injury. These findings uncover a novel mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 initiating lung inflammation, and suggest an off-label use of MC stabilizer as immunomodulators for COVID-19 treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Li Wu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Feng-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Xin Li
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Xiao-Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Hong-Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Yan-Heng Zhou
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Qihong Yan
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Guo-Ying Yu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Xia Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Xin-Wen Chen
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.
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92
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Farheen S, Agrawal S, Zubair S, Agrawal A, Jamal F, Altaf I, Kashif Anwar A, Umair SM, Owais M. Patho-Physiology of Aging and Immune-Senescence: Possible Correlates With Comorbidity and Mortality in Middle-Aged and Old COVID-19 Patients. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:748591. [PMID: 35822018 PMCID: PMC9261314 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.748591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During the last 2 years, the entire world has been severely devastated by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic (COVID-19) as it resulted in several million deaths across the globe. While the virus infects people indiscriminately, the casualty risk is higher mainly in old, and middle-aged COVID-19 patients. The incidences of COVID-19 associated co-morbidity and mortality have a great deal of correlation with the weakened and malfunctioning immune systems of elderly people. Presumably, due to the physiological changes associated with aging and because of possible comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular, and lung diseases, which are more common in elderly people, may be considered as the reason making the elderly vulnerable to the infection on one hand, and COVID-19 associated complications on the other. The accretion of senescent immune cells not only contributes to the deterioration of host defense, but also results in elevated inflammatory phenotype persuaded immune dysfunction. In the present review, we envisage to correlate functioning of the immune defense of older COVID-19 patients with secondary/super infection, increased susceptibility or aggravation against already existing cancer, infectious, autoimmune, and other chronic inflammatory diseases. Moreover, we have discussed how age-linked modulations in the immune system affect therapeutic response against administered drugs as well as immunological response to various prophylactic measures including vaccination in the elderly host. The present review also provides an insight into the intricate pathophysiology of the aging and the overall immune response of the host to SARS-CoV-2 infection. A better understanding of age-related immune dysfunction is likely to help us in the development of targeted preemptive strategies for deadly COVID-19 in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Farheen
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Sudhanshu Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Swaleha Zubair
- Department of Computer Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Anshu Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Fauzia Jamal
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Ishrat Altaf
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Abu Kashif Anwar
- Department of Anatomy, HSZH Gov, Unani Medical College, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Mohammad Owais
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Owais,
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93
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Jiang W, Shi L, Cai L, Wang X, Li J, Li H, Liang J, Gu Q, Ji G, Li J, Liu L, Sun M. A two-adjuvant multiantigen candidate vaccine induces superior protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110112. [PMID: 34863353 PMCID: PMC8610932 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An ideal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is expected to elicit broad immunity to prevent viral infection and disease, with efficient viral clearance in the upper respiratory tract (URT). Here, the N protein and prefusion-full S protein (SFLmut) are combined with flagellin (KF) and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) to generate a candidate vaccine, and this vaccine elicits stronger systemic and mucosal humoral immunity than vaccines containing other forms of the S protein. Furthermore, the candidate vaccine administered via intranasal route can enhance local immune responses in the respiratory tract. Importantly, human ACE2 transgenic mice given the candidate vaccine are protected against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge, with superior protection in the URT compared with that in mice immunized with an inactivated vaccine. In summary, the developed vaccine can elicit a multifaceted immune response and induce robust viral clearance in the URT, which makes it a potential vaccine for preventing disease and infection of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Jiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Shi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lukui Cai
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingyan Li
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Heng Li
- Laboratory of Respiratory Infection, Kunming National High-level Biosafety Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiangli Liang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qin Gu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Respiratory Infection, Kunming National High-level Biosafety Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Longding Liu
- Laboratory of Respiratory Infection, Kunming National High-level Biosafety Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Mingbo Sun
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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94
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Shah MR, Gabel A, Beers S, Salaru G, Lin Y, Cooper DL. COVID-19 Vaccine Responses in Patients With Plasma Cell Dyscrasias After Complete Vaccination. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2021; 22:e321-e326. [PMID: 34872881 PMCID: PMC8580561 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Due to functional hypogammaglobulinemia, patients with multiple myeloma are at increased risk for infection and generally have poorer responses to vaccines. In this study, we examined antibody responses after complete COVID-19 vaccination in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias, most of whom were receiving treatment. Patients and Methods Real world study of consecutive patients with multiple myeloma and other plasma cell dyscrasias (PCD) were evaluated after complete vaccination with either the 2-shot mRNA vaccines from BioNTech and Moderna or the 1-shot adenoviral vector vaccine from Johnson & Johnson (J&J). Patients received vaccines 1-4 months before antibody testing without controlling for the type of vaccine or the timing of drug therapy. Patients with a clinical history or antibody evidence of prior infection were excluded. Antinucleocapsid and quantitative anti-spike antibody levels were measured with the Roche Elecys assay. Results Ninety-five percent of patients had detectable antibody responses. Multivariate analysis showed that higher age, ongoing anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody therapy and the J&J vaccine negatively affected quantitative response. A small number of ineffectively vaccinated patients receiving IVIG subsequently had detectable nucleocapsid and spike antibodies confirming the presence of the latter in currently administered IVIG. Conclusions Nearly all PCD had detectable anti-spike antibodies after vaccination but age, anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody therapy, and the single-shot J&J vaccine negatively affected responses. In patients who received the J&J vaccine, second doses or heterologous mRNA vaccines should be tested. Quantitative antibody testing might make future management more rational, particularly in patients with poor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi R Shah
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Alissa Gabel
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Stephanie Beers
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Gratian Salaru
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Dennis L Cooper
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ.
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95
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To KKW, Sridhar S, Chiu KHY, Hung DLL, Li X, Hung IFN, Tam AR, Chung TWH, Chan JFW, Zhang AJX, Cheng VCC, Yuen KY. Lessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemic. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:507-535. [PMID: 33666147 PMCID: PMC8006950 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1898291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Without modern medical management and vaccines, the severity of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) might approach the magnitude of 1894-plague (12 million deaths) and 1918-A(H1N1) influenza (50 million deaths) pandemics. The COVID-19 pandemic was heralded by the 2003 SARS epidemic which led to the discovery of human and civet SARS-CoV-1, bat SARS-related-CoVs, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-related bat CoV HKU4 and HKU5, and other novel animal coronaviruses. The suspected animal-to-human jumping of 4 betacoronaviruses including the human coronaviruses OC43(1890), SARS-CoV-1(2003), MERS-CoV(2012), and SARS-CoV-2(2019) indicates their significant pandemic potential. The presence of a large reservoir of coronaviruses in bats and other wild mammals, culture of mixing and selling them in urban markets with suboptimal hygiene, habit of eating exotic mammals in highly populated areas, and the rapid and frequent air travels from these areas are perfect ingredients for brewing rapidly exploding epidemics. The possibility of emergence of a hypothetical SARS-CoV-3 or other novel viruses from animals or laboratories, and therefore needs for global preparedness should not be ignored. We reviewed representative publications on the epidemiology, virology, clinical manifestations, pathology, laboratory diagnostics, treatment, vaccination, and infection control of COVID-19 as of 20 January 2021, which is 1 year after person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was announced. The difficulties of mass testing, labour-intensive contact tracing, importance of compliance to universal masking, low efficacy of antiviral treatment for severe disease, possibilities of vaccine or antiviral-resistant virus variants and SARS-CoV-2 becoming another common cold coronavirus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siddharth Sridhar
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kelvin Hei-Yeung Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Derek Ling-Lung Hung
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anthony Raymond Tam
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tom Wai-Hin Chung
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anna Jian-Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
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96
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Bi Z, Hong W, Yang J, Lu S, Peng X. Animal models for SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathology. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:548-568. [PMID: 34909757 PMCID: PMC8662225 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Current variants including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Lambda increase the capacity of infection and transmission of SARS-CoV-2, which might disable the in-used therapies and vaccines. The COVID-19 has now put an enormous strain on health care system all over the world. Therefore, the development of animal models that can capture characteristics and immune responses observed in COVID-19 patients is urgently needed. Appropriate models could accelerate the testing of therapeutic drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we aim to summarize the current animal models for SARS-CoV-2 infection, including mice, hamsters, nonhuman primates, and ferrets, and discuss the details of transmission, pathology, and immunology induced by SARS-CoV-2 in these animal models. We hope this could throw light to the increased usefulness in fundamental studies of COVID-19 and the preclinical analysis of vaccines and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfei Bi
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug TargetState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug TargetState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug TargetState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Shuaiyao Lu
- National Kunming High‐level Biosafety Primate Research CenterInstitute of Medical BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeYunnanChina
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- National Kunming High‐level Biosafety Primate Research CenterInstitute of Medical BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeYunnanChina
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97
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PrabhuDas M, Fuldner R, Farber D, Kuchel GA, Mannick J, Nikolich-Zugich J, Sen R, Turner J. Research and resource needs for understanding host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccines during aging. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:1073-1077. [PMID: 36908301 PMCID: PMC9997058 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
On 16 and 17 March 2021, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National Institute of Aging convened a virtual workshop to discuss developments in SARS-CoV-2 research pertaining to immune responses in older adults, COVID-19 vaccines in both aged animals and older individuals, and to gain some perspective on the critical knowledge gaps that need addressing to establish scientific priorities for future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercy PrabhuDas
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca Fuldner
- Division of Aging Biology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Donna Farber
- Department of Microbiology and Immmunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - George A. Kuchel
- University of Connecticut Center on Aging, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Janko Nikolich-Zugich
- Department of Immunobiology, Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ranjan Sen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joanne Turner
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
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98
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Melton A, Doyle-Meyers LA, Blair RV, Midkiff C, Melton HJ, Russell-Lodrigue K, Aye PP, Schiro F, Fahlberg M, Szeltner D, Spencer S, Beddingfield BJ, Goff K, Golden N, Penney T, Picou B, Hensley K, Chandler KE, Plante JA, Plante KS, Weaver SC, Roy CJ, Hoxie JA, Gao H, Montefiori DC, Mankowski JL, Bohm RP, Rappaport J, Maness NJ. The pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) model of COVID-19 reproduces diverse clinical outcomes and reveals new and complex signatures of disease. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010162. [PMID: 34929014 PMCID: PMC8722729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 disease, has killed over five million people worldwide as of December 2021 with infections rising again due to the emergence of highly transmissible variants. Animal models that faithfully recapitulate human disease are critical for assessing SARS-CoV-2 viral and immune dynamics, for understanding mechanisms of disease, and for testing vaccines and therapeutics. Pigtail macaques (PTM, Macaca nemestrina) demonstrate a rapid and severe disease course when infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), including the development of severe cardiovascular symptoms that are pertinent to COVID-19 manifestations in humans. We thus proposed this species may likewise exhibit severe COVID-19 disease upon infection with SARS-CoV-2. Here, we extensively studied a cohort of SARS-CoV-2-infected PTM euthanized either 6- or 21-days after respiratory viral challenge. We show that PTM demonstrate largely mild-to-moderate COVID-19 disease. Pulmonary infiltrates were dominated by T cells, including CD4+ T cells that upregulate CD8 and express cytotoxic molecules, as well as virus-targeting T cells that were predominantly CD4+. We also noted increases in inflammatory and coagulation markers in blood, pulmonary pathologic lesions, and the development of neutralizing antibodies. Together, our data demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection of PTM recapitulates important features of COVID-19 and reveals new immune and viral dynamics and thus may serve as a useful animal model for studying pathogenesis and testing vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Melton
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Biomedical Science Training Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Lara A. Doyle-Meyers
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Robert V. Blair
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Cecily Midkiff
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Hunter J. Melton
- Florida State University, Department of Statistics, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kasi Russell-Lodrigue
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Pyone P. Aye
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Faith Schiro
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Marissa Fahlberg
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Dawn Szeltner
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Skye Spencer
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | | | - Kelly Goff
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Nadia Golden
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Toni Penney
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Breanna Picou
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Krystle Hensley
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Kristin E. Chandler
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jessica A. Plante
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kenneth S. Plante
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Scott C. Weaver
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chad J. Roy
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - James A. Hoxie
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph L. Mankowski
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rudolf P. Bohm
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jay Rappaport
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Maness
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
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Farag EA, Islam MM, Enan K, El-Hussein ARM, Bansal D, Haroun M. SARS-CoV-2 at the human-animal interphase: A review. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08496. [PMID: 34869934 PMCID: PMC8626158 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence in China in December 2019, COVID-19 remains the recent leading disease of concern drawing the public health attention globally. The disease is known of viral origin and zoonotic nature originating from animals. However, to date neither the source of the spillover nor the intermediate hosts are identified. Moreover, the public health situation is intermittently aggravated by identification of new animals susceptible to the SARS-CoV-2 infection, potentially replicating the virus and maintaining intra and interspecies spread of the disease. Although the role of a given animal and/or its produce is important to map the disease pattern, continuous efforts should be undertaken to further understand the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2, a vital step to establish effective disease prevention and control strategy. This manuscript attempted to review updates regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection at the human-animal interface with consideration to postulations on the genetic relatedness and origin of the different SARS-CoV-2 variants isolated from different animal species. Also, the review addresses the possible role of different animal species and their produce in transmission of the disease. Also, the manuscript discussed the contamination potentiality of the virus and its environmental stability. Finally, we reviewed the currently instituted measures to prevent and manage the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The manuscript suggested the One Health based control measures that could prove of value for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Mazharul Islam
- Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality and Environment, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Enan
- Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality and Environment, Doha, Qatar
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100
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Escobedo RA, Singh DK, Kaushal D. Understanding COVID-19: From Dysregulated Immunity to Vaccination Status Quo. Front Immunol 2021; 12:765349. [PMID: 34858417 PMCID: PMC8632224 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.765349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of vaccines against infectious diseases has helped us battle the greatest threat to public health. With the emergence of novel viruses, targeted immunotherapeutics ranging from informed vaccine development to personalized medicine may be the very thing that separates us between life and death. Late in 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), made a remarkable entrance to human civilization, being one of many to cross the species barrier. This review discusses the important aspects of COVID-19, providing a brief overview of our current understanding of dysregulated immune responses developed using various experimental models, a brief outline of experimental models of COVID-19 and more importantly, the rapid development of vaccines against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby A. Escobedo
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- The Integrated Biomedical Sciences (IBMS) Graduate Program, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Dhiraj K. Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
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