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Jiwaji Z, Hardingham GE. Good, bad, and neglectful: Astrocyte changes in neurodegenerative disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 182:93-99. [PMID: 35202786 PMCID: PMC8969603 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes play key roles in CNS development as well as well as neuro-supportive roles in the mature brain including ionic, bioenergetic and redox homeostasis. Astrocytes undergo rapid changes following acute CNS insults such as stroke or traumatic brain injury, but are also profoundly altered in chronic neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. While disease-altered astrocytes are often referred to as reactive, this does not represent a single cellular state or group of states, but a shift in astrocyte properties that is determined by the type of insult as well as spatio-temporal factors. Such changes can accelerate disease progression due to astrocytes neglecting their normal homeostatic neuro-supportive roles, as well as by gaining active neuro-toxic properties. However, other aspects of astrocytic responses to chronic disease can include the induction of adaptive-protective pathways. This is particularly the case when considering antioxidant defences, which can be up-regulated in many cell types, including astrocytes, in response to stresses, sometimes in concert with the activation of detoxification and proteostasis pathways. Protective responses, whilst potentially serving to mitigate neuronal dysfunction, may ultimately fail due to being insufficiently strong, or be offset by other deleterious changes to astrocytes occurring in parallel. Nevertheless, a greater understanding of early adaptive-protective responses of astrocytes to neurodegenerative disease pathology may point to ways in which these responses may be harnessed for therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoeb Jiwaji
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh Medical School, EH16 4SB, UK; Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh Medical School, EH16 4SB, UK; Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK.
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52
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Mao Z, Xiong J, Wang P, An J, Zhang F, Liu Z, Seung Kim J. Activity-based fluorescence probes for pathophysiological peroxynitrite fluxes. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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53
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Jaganjac M, Milkovic L, Zarkovic N, Zarkovic K. Oxidative stress and regeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 181:154-165. [PMID: 35149216 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration is the process of replacing/restoring a damaged cell/tissue/organ to its full function and is limited respecting complexity of specific organ structures and the level of differentiation of the cells. Unlike physiological cell turnover, this tissue replacement form is activated upon pathological stimuli such as injury and/or disease that usually involves inflammatory response. To which extent will tissue repair itself depends on many factors and involves different mechanisms. Oxidative stress is one of them, either acute, as in case of traumatic brin injury or chronic, as in case of neurodegeneration, oxidative stress within brain involves lipid peroxidation, which generates reactive aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). While 4-HNE is certainly neurotoxic and causes disruption of the blood brain barrier in case of severe injuries, it is also physiologically produced by glial cells, especially astrocytes, but its physiological roles within CNS are not understood. Because 4-HNE can regulate the response of the other cells in the body to stress, enhance their antioxidant capacities, proliferation and differentiation, we could assume that it may also have some beneficial role for neuroregeneration. Therefore, future studies on the relevance of 4-HNE for the interaction between neuronal cells, notably stem cells and reactive astrocytes might reveal novel options to better monitor and treat consequences or brain injuries, neurodegeneration and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morana Jaganjac
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Div. Molecular Medicine, Bijenicka 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lidija Milkovic
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Div. Molecular Medicine, Bijenicka 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Div. Molecular Medicine, Bijenicka 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Kamelija Zarkovic
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Div. of Pathology, Neuropathology Unit, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia
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54
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Squillace S, Salvemini D. Nitroxidative stress in pain and opioid-induced adverse effects: therapeutic opportunities. Pain 2022; 163:205-213. [PMID: 34145168 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Squillace
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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55
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Metabolic Features of Brain Function with Relevance to Clinical Features of Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030951. [PMID: 35164216 PMCID: PMC8839962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metabolism is comprised in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Since the brain primarily relies on metabolism of glucose, ketone bodies, and amino acids, aspects of these metabolic processes in these disorders—and particularly how these altered metabolic processes are related to oxidative and/or nitrosative stress and the resulting damaged targets—are reviewed in this paper. Greater understanding of the decreased functions in brain metabolism in AD and PD is posited to lead to potentially important therapeutic strategies to address both of these disorders, which cause relatively long-lasting decreased quality of life in patients.
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56
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Mayorga-Weber G, Rivera FJ, Castro MA. Neuron-glia (mis)interactions in brain energy metabolism during aging. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:835-854. [PMID: 35085408 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Life expectancy in humans is increasing, resulting in a growing aging population, that is accompanied by an increased disposition to develop cognitive deterioration. Hypometabolism is one of the multiple factors related to inefficient brain function during aging. This review emphasizes the metabolic interactions between glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) and neurons, particularly, during aging. Glial cells provide support and protection to neurons allowing adequate synaptic activity. We address metabolic coupling from the expression of transporters, availability of substrates, metabolic pathways, and mitochondrial activity. In aging, the main metabolic exchange machinery is altered with inefficient levels of nutrients and detrimental mitochondrial activity that results in high reactive oxygen species levels and reduced ATP production, generating a highly inflammatory environment that favors deregulated cell death. Here, we provide an overview of the glial-to-neuron mechanisms, from the molecular components to the cell types, emphasizing aging as the crucial risk factor for developing neurodegenerative/neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Mayorga-Weber
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Francisco J Rivera
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maite A Castro
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Janelia Research Campus, HHMI, Ashburn, VA, USA
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57
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Lopez-Fabuel I, Garcia-Macia M, Buondelmonte C, Burmistrova O, Bonora N, Alonso-Batan P, Morant-Ferrando B, Vicente-Gutierrez C, Jimenez-Blasco D, Quintana-Cabrera R, Fernandez E, Llop J, Ramos-Cabrer P, Sharaireh A, Guevara-Ferrer M, Fitzpatrick L, Thompton CD, McKay TR, Storch S, Medina DL, Mole SE, Fedichev PO, Almeida A, Bolaños JP. Aberrant upregulation of the glycolytic enzyme PFKFB3 in CLN7 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:536. [PMID: 35087090 PMCID: PMC8795187 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CLN7 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is an inherited lysosomal storage neurodegenerative disease highly prevalent in children. CLN7/MFSD8 gene encodes a lysosomal membrane glycoprotein, but the biochemical processes affected by CLN7-loss of function are unexplored thus preventing development of potential treatments. Here, we found, in the Cln7∆ex2 mouse model of CLN7 disease, that failure in autophagy causes accumulation of structurally and bioenergetically impaired neuronal mitochondria. In vivo genetic approach reveals elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) in Cln7∆ex2 neurons that mediates glycolytic enzyme PFKFB3 activation and contributes to CLN7 pathogenesis. Mechanistically, mROS sustains a signaling cascade leading to protein stabilization of PFKFB3, normally unstable in healthy neurons. Administration of the highly selective PFKFB3 inhibitor AZ67 in Cln7∆ex2 mouse brain in vivo and in CLN7 patients-derived cells rectifies key disease hallmarks. Thus, aberrant upregulation of the glycolytic enzyme PFKFB3 in neurons may contribute to CLN7 pathogenesis and targeting PFKFB3 could alleviate this and other lysosomal storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Lopez-Fabuel
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Marina Garcia-Macia
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Costantina Buondelmonte
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Nicolo Bonora
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paula Alonso-Batan
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Brenda Morant-Ferrando
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Vicente-Gutierrez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Jimenez-Blasco
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben Quintana-Cabrera
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Fernandez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Llop
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Pedro Ramos-Cabrer
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aseel Sharaireh
- Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Marta Guevara-Ferrer
- Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Lorna Fitzpatrick
- Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | | | - Tristan R McKay
- Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Stephan Storch
- University Children's Research@Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diego L Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), High Content Screening Facility, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara E Mole
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Biology and GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Angeles Almeida
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
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58
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Early life exposure to house dust mite allergen prevents experimental allergic asthma requiring mitochondrial H 2O 2. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:154-164. [PMID: 34580428 PMCID: PMC8738138 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Immune tolerance to allergens in early-life decreases the risk for asthma in later life. Here we show establishment of stable airway tolerance to the allergen, house dust mite (HDM), by exposing newborn mice repeatedly to a low dose of the allergen. Lung dendritic cells (DCs) from tolerized mice induced a low Th2 response in vitro mirroring impact of tolerance in vivo. In line with our previous finding of increased mitochondrial H2O2 production from lung DCs of mice tolerized to ovalbumin, depletion of mitochondrial H2O2 in MCAT mice abrogated HDM-induced airway tolerance (Tol) with elevated Th2 effector response, airway eosinophilia, and increased airway hyperreactivity. WT-Tol mice displayed a decrease in total, cDC1 and cDC2 subsets in the lung as compared to that in naive mice. In contrast, the lungs of MCAT-Tol mice showed 3-fold higher numbers of cDCs including those of the subsets as compared to that in WT mice. Our study demonstrates an important role of mitochondrial H2O2 in constraining lung DC numbers towards establishment of early-life airway tolerance to allergens.
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59
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Obara-Michlewska M. The contribution of astrocytes to obesity-associated metabolic disturbances. J Biomed Res 2022; 36:299-311. [PMID: 36131679 PMCID: PMC9548436 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.36.20200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Obara-Michlewska
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
- Marta Obara-Michlewska, Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 A. Pawinskiego Street, Warsaw 02-106, Poland. Tel/Fax: +48-22-6046416, E-mail:
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60
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The Endocannabinoid System in Glial Cells and Their Profitable Interactions to Treat Epilepsy: Evidence from Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413231. [PMID: 34948035 PMCID: PMC8709154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions. Yearly, five million people are diagnosed with epileptic-related disorders. The neuroprotective and therapeutic effect of (endo)cannabinoid compounds has been extensively investigated in several models of epilepsy. Therefore, the study of specific cell-type-dependent mechanisms underlying cannabinoid effects is crucial to understanding epileptic disorders. It is estimated that about 100 billion neurons and a roughly equal number of glial cells co-exist in the human brain. The glial population is in charge of neuronal viability, and therefore, their participation in brain pathophysiology is crucial. Furthermore, glial malfunctioning occurs in a wide range of neurological disorders. However, little is known about the impact of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) regulation over glial cells, even less in pathological conditions such as epilepsy. In this review, we aim to compile the existing knowledge on the role of the ECS in different cell types, with a particular emphasis on glial cells and their impact on epilepsy. Thus, we propose that glial cells could be a novel target for cannabinoid agents for treating the etiology of epilepsy and managing seizure-like disorders.
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61
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Guan Q, Zhou L, Dong Y. Construction of Nanoscale Covalent Organic Frameworks via Photocatalysis‐Involved Cascade Reactions for Tumor‐Selective Treatment. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Guan
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes Ministry of Education Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
| | - Le‐Le Zhou
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes Ministry of Education Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
| | - Yu‐Bin Dong
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes Ministry of Education Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
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62
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Al-Mubarak BR, Bell KFS, Chowdhry S, Meakin PJ, Baxter PS, McKay S, Dando O, Ashford MLJ, Gazaryan I, Hayes JD, Hardingham GE. Non-canonical Keap1-independent activation of Nrf2 in astrocytes by mild oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102158. [PMID: 34626892 PMCID: PMC8512624 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 is a stress-responsive master regulator of antioxidant, detoxification and proteostasis genes. In astrocytes, Nrf2-dependent gene expression drives cell-autonomous cytoprotection and also non-cell-autonomous protection of nearby neurons, and can ameliorate pathology in several acute and chronic neurological disorders associated with oxidative stress. However, the value of astrocytic Nrf2 as a therapeutic target depends in part on whether Nrf2 activation by disease-associated oxidative stress occludes the effect of any Nrf2-activating drug. Nrf2 activation classically involves the inhibition of interactions between Nrf2's Neh2 domain and Keap1, which directs Nrf2 degradation. Keap1 inhibition is mediated by the modification of cysteine residues on Keap1, and can be triggered by electrophilic small molecules such as tBHQ. Here we show that astrocytic Nrf2 activation by oxidative stress involves Keap1-independent non-canonical signaling. Keap1 deficiency elevates basal Nrf2 target gene expression in astrocytes and occludes the effects of tBHQ, oxidative stress still induced strong Nrf2-dependent gene expression in Keap1-deficient astrocytes. Moreover, while tBHQ prevented protein degradation mediated via Nrf2's Neh2 domain, oxidative stress did not, consistent with a Keap1-independent mechanism. Moreover the effects of oxidative stress and tBHQ on Nrf2 target gene expression are additive, not occlusive. Mechanistically, oxidative stress enhances the transactivation potential of Nrf2's Neh5 domain in a manner dependent on its Cys-191 residue. Thus, astrocytic Nrf2 activation by oxidative stress involves Keap1-independent non-canonical signaling, meaning that further Nrf2 activation by Keap1-inhibiting drugs may be a viable therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashayer R Al-Mubarak
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; Behavioral Genetics Unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karen F S Bell
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Sudhir Chowdhry
- Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Paul J Meakin
- Discovery & Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Paul S Baxter
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh Medical School, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Sean McKay
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh Medical School, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Owen Dando
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh Medical School, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Michael L J Ashford
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Irina Gazaryan
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, Dyson College of Arts and Sciences, Pace University, Pleasantville, NY, 10570, USA
| | - John D Hayes
- Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh Medical School, EH16 4SB, UK.
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63
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Bono S, Feligioni M, Corbo M. Impaired antioxidant KEAP1-NRF2 system in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: NRF2 activation as a potential therapeutic strategy. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:71. [PMID: 34663413 PMCID: PMC8521937 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress (OS) is an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant species and, together with other numerous pathological mechanisms, leads to the degeneration and death of motor neurons (MNs) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). MAIN BODY Two of the main players in the molecular and cellular response to OS are NRF2, the transcription nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and its principal negative regulator, KEAP1, Kelch-like ECH (erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology)-associated protein 1. Here we first provide an overview of the structural organization, regulation, and critical role of the KEAP1-NRF2 system in counteracting OS, with a focus on its alteration in ALS. We then examine several compounds capable of promoting NRF2 activity thereby inducing cytoprotective effects, and which are currently in different stages of clinical development for many pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSIONS Although challenges associated with some of these compounds remain, important advances have been made in the development of safer and more effective drugs that could actually represent a breakthrough for fatal degenerative diseases such as ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bono
- Need Institute, Laboratory of Neurobiology for Translational Medicine, c/o Casa di Cura del Policlinico (CCP), Via Dezza 48, 20144 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Feligioni
- Need Institute, Laboratory of Neurobiology for Translational Medicine, c/o Casa di Cura del Policlinico (CCP), Via Dezza 48, 20144 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura del Policlinico (CCP), Via Dezza 48, 20144 Milan, Italy
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Wander CM, Song J. The neurogenic niche in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2021; 762:136109. [PMID: 34271133 PMCID: PMC9013442 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is the process of generation and functional incorporation of new neurons, formed by adult neural stem cells in the dentate gyrus. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is highly dependent upon the integration of dynamic external stimuli and is instrumental in the formation of new spatial memories. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is therefore uniquely sensitive to the summation of neuronal circuit and neuroimmune environments that comprise the neurogenic niche, and has powerful implications in diseases of aging and neurological disorders. This sensitivity underlies the neurogenic niche alterations commonly observed in Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia. This review summarizes Alzheimer's disease associated changes in neuronal network activity, neuroinflammatory processes, and adult neural stem cell fate choice that ultimately result in neurogenic niche dysfunction and impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis. A more comprehensive understanding of the complex changes mediating neurogenic niche disturbances in Alzheimer's disease will aid development of future therapies targeting adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor M Wander
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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65
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Lennicke C, Cochemé HM. Redox metabolism: ROS as specific molecular regulators of cell signaling and function. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3691-3707. [PMID: 34547234 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Redox reactions are intrinsically linked to energy metabolism. Therefore, redox processes are indispensable for organismal physiology and life itself. The term reactive oxygen species (ROS) describes a set of distinct molecular oxygen derivatives produced during normal aerobic metabolism. Multiple ROS-generating and ROS-eliminating systems actively maintain the intracellular redox state, which serves to mediate redox signaling and regulate cellular functions. ROS, in particular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are able to reversibly oxidize critical, redox-sensitive cysteine residues on target proteins. These oxidative post-translational modifications (PTMs) can control the biological activity of numerous enzymes and transcription factors (TFs), as well as their cellular localization or interactions with binding partners. In this review, we describe the diverse roles of redox regulation in the context of physiological cellular metabolism and provide insights into the pathophysiology of diseases when redox homeostasis is dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lennicke
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Helena M Cochemé
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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66
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García-Rodríguez D, Giménez-Cassina A. Ketone Bodies in the Brain Beyond Fuel Metabolism: From Excitability to Gene Expression and Cell Signaling. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:732120. [PMID: 34512261 PMCID: PMC8429829 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.732120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketone bodies are metabolites that replace glucose as the main fuel of the brain in situations of glucose scarcity, including prolonged fasting, extenuating exercise, or pathological conditions such as diabetes. Beyond their role as an alternative fuel for the brain, the impact of ketone bodies on neuronal physiology has been highlighted by the use of the so-called “ketogenic diets,” which were proposed about a century ago to treat infantile seizures. These diets mimic fasting by reducing drastically the intake of carbohydrates and proteins and replacing them with fat, thus promoting ketogenesis. The fact that ketogenic diets have such a profound effect on epileptic seizures points to complex biological effects of ketone bodies in addition to their role as a source of ATP. In this review, we specifically focus on the ability of ketone bodies to regulate neuronal excitability and their effects on gene expression to respond to oxidative stress. Finally, we also discuss their capacity as signaling molecules in brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío García-Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Giménez-Cassina
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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67
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Preeti K, Sood A, Fernandes V. Metabolic Regulation of Glia and Their Neuroinflammatory Role in Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2527-2551. [PMID: 34515874 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an aging-related neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized clinically by progressive memory loss and impaired cognitive function. Its progression occurs from neuronal synapse loss to amyloid pathology and Tau deposit which eventually leads to the compromised neuronal function. Neurons in central nervous tissue work in a composite and intricate network with the glia and vascular cells. Microglia and astrocytes are becoming the prime focus due to their involvement in various aspects of neurophysiology, such as trophic support to neurons, synaptic modulation, and brain surveillance. AD is also often considered as the sequela of prolonged metabolic dyshomeostasis. The neuron and glia have different metabolic profiles as cytosolic glycolysis and mitochondrial-dependent oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), especially under dyshomeostasis or with aging pertaining to their unique genetic built-up. Various efforts are being put in to decipher the role of mitochondrial dynamics regarding their trafficking, fission/fusion imbalance, and mitophagy spanning over both neurons and glia to improve aging-related brain health. The mitochondrial dysfunction may lead to activation in various signaling mechanisms causing metabolic reprogramming in glia cells, further accelerating AD-related pathogenic events. The glycolytic-dominant astrocytes switch to the neurotoxic phenotype, i.e., disease-associated astrocyte under metabolic stress. The microglia also transform from resting to reactive phenotype, i.e., disease-associated microglia. It may also exist in otherwise a misconception an M1, glycolytic, or M2, an OXPHOS-dependent phenotype. Further, glial transformation plays a vital role in regulating hallmarks of AD pathologies like synapse maintenance, amyloid, and Tau clearance. In this updated review, we have tried to emphasize the metabolic regulation of glial reactivity, mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, and their neuroinflammatory response in Alzheimer's progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Preeti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
| | - Anika Sood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Valencia Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
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68
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Glial glucose fuels the neuronal pentose phosphate pathway for long-term memory. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109620. [PMID: 34433052 PMCID: PMC8411112 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain function relies almost solely on glucose as an energy substrate. The main model of brain metabolism proposes that glucose is taken up and converted into lactate by astrocytes to fuel the energy-demanding neuronal activity underlying plasticity and memory. Whether direct neuronal glucose uptake is required for memory formation remains elusive. We uncover, in Drosophila, a mechanism of glucose shuttling to neurons from cortex glia, an exclusively perisomatic glial subtype, upon formation of olfactory long-term memory (LTM). In vivo imaging reveals that, downstream of cholinergic activation of cortex glia, autocrine insulin signaling increases glucose concentration in glia. Glucose is then transferred from glia to the neuronal somata in the olfactory memory center to fuel the pentose phosphate pathway and allow LTM formation. In contrast, our results indicate that the increase in neuronal glucose metabolism, although crucial for LTM formation, is not routed to glycolysis. Neuronal glucose metabolism is increased upon long-term memory formation Glial cells shuttle glucose to neurons following insulin signaling activation Glucose fuels the neuronal pentose phosphate pathway
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69
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Bonvento G, Bolaños JP. Astrocyte-neuron metabolic cooperation shapes brain activity. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1546-1564. [PMID: 34348099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The brain has almost no energy reserve, but its activity coordinates organismal function, a burden that requires precise coupling between neurotransmission and energy metabolism. Deciphering how the brain accomplishes this complex task is crucial to understand central facets of human physiology and disease mechanisms. Each type of neural cell displays a peculiar metabolic signature, forcing the intercellular exchange of metabolites that serve as both energy precursors and paracrine signals. The paradigm of this biological feature is the astrocyte-neuron couple, in which the glycolytic metabolism of astrocytes contrasts with the mitochondrial oxidative activity of neurons. Astrocytes generate abundant mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and shuttle to neurons glycolytically derived metabolites, such as L-lactate and L-serine, which sustain energy needs, conserve redox status, and modulate neurotransmitter-receptor activity. Conversely, early disruption of this metabolic cooperation may contribute to the initiation or progression of several neurological diseases, thus requiring innovative therapies to preserve brain energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Bonvento
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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70
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Detka J, Głombik K. Insights into a possible role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of depression. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1020-1032. [PMID: 34003475 PMCID: PMC8413152 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent mood disorder and one of the major health concerns in modern society. Moreover, it is characterized by a high prevalence of coexistence with many other diseases including metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Currently used antidepressant drugs, which mostly target brain monoaminergic neurotransmission, have limited clinical efficacy. Although the etiology of depression has not been fully elucidated, current scientific data emphasize the role of neurotrophic factors deficiencies, disturbed homeostasis between the nervous system and the immune and endocrine systems, as well as disturbances in brain energy metabolism and dysfunctions in the gut-brain axis as important factors in the pathogenesis of this neuropsychiatric disorder. Therefore, therapeutic options that could work in a way other than classic antidepressants are being sought to increase the effectiveness of the treatment. Interestingly, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), used in the treatment of T2DM and obesity, are known to show pro-cognitive and neuroprotective properties, and exert modulatory effects on immune, endocrine and metabolic processes in the central nervous system. This review article discusses the potential antidepressant effects of GLP-1RAs, especially in the context of their action on the processes related to neuroprotection, inflammation, stress response, energy metabolism, gut-brain crosstalk and the stability of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Detka
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Głombik
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Cracow, Poland
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71
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Mulica P, Grünewald A, Pereira SL. Astrocyte-Neuron Metabolic Crosstalk in Neurodegeneration: A Mitochondrial Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:668517. [PMID: 34025580 PMCID: PMC8138625 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.668517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence made clear that declining brain energetics contribute to aging and are implicated in the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Indeed, both pathologies involve instances of hypometabolism of glucose and oxygen in the brain causing mitochondrial dysfunction, energetic failure and oxidative stress. Importantly, recent evidence suggests that astrocytes, which play a key role in supporting neuronal function and metabolism, might contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, exploring how the neuro-supportive role of astrocytes may be impaired in the context of these disorders has great therapeutic potential. In the following, we will discuss some of the so far identified features underlining the astrocyte-neuron metabolic crosstalk. Thereby, special focus will be given to the role of mitochondria. Furthermore, we will report on recent advancements concerning iPSC-derived models used to unravel the metabolic contribution of astrocytes to neuronal demise. Finally, we discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes could contribute to inflammatory signaling in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Mulica
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sandro L. Pereira
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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72
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Esparza-Moltó PB, Romero-Carramiñana I, Núñez de Arenas C, Pereira MP, Blanco N, Pardo B, Bates GR, Sánchez-Castillo C, Artuch R, Murphy MP, Esteban JA, Cuezva JM. Generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species is controlled by ATPase inhibitory factor 1 and regulates cognition. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001252. [PMID: 33983919 PMCID: PMC8148373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial ATP synthase emerges as key hub of cellular functions controlling the production of ATP, cellular signaling, and fate. It is regulated by the ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1), which is highly abundant in neurons. Herein, we ablated or overexpressed IF1 in mouse neurons to show that IF1 dose defines the fraction of active/inactive enzyme in vivo, thereby controlling mitochondrial function and the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). Transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses indicate that IF1 dose regulates mitochondrial metabolism, synaptic function, and cognition. Ablation of IF1 impairs memory, whereas synaptic transmission and learning are enhanced by IF1 overexpression. Mechanistically, quenching the IF1-mediated increase in mtROS production in mice overexpressing IF1 reduces the increased synaptic transmission and obliterates the learning advantage afforded by the higher IF1 content. Overall, IF1 plays a key role in neuronal function by regulating the fraction of ATP synthase responsible for mitohormetic mtROS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau B. Esparza-Moltó
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Romero-Carramiñana
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Núñez de Arenas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta P. Pereira
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Blanco
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pardo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Georgina R. Bates
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Sánchez-Castillo
- Unidad de Neuropatología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael P. Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - José A. Esteban
- Unidad de Neuropatología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Cuezva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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73
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Quintana-Cabrera R, Manjarrés-Raza I, Vicente-Gutiérrez C, Corrado M, Bolaños JP, Scorrano L. Opa1 relies on cristae preservation and ATP synthase to curtail reactive oxygen species accumulation in mitochondria. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101944. [PMID: 33780775 PMCID: PMC8039725 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a common product of active mitochondrial respiration carried in mitochondrial cristae, but whether cristae shape influences ROS levels is unclear. Here we report that the mitochondrial fusion and cristae shape protein Opa1 requires mitochondrial ATP synthase oligomers to reduce ROS accumulation. In cells fueled with galactose to force ATP production by mitochondria, cristae are enlarged, ATP synthase oligomers destabilized, and ROS accumulate. Opa1 prevents both cristae remodeling and ROS generation, without impinging on levels of mitochondrial antioxidant defense enzymes that are unaffected by Opa1 overexpression. Genetic and pharmacologic experiments indicate that Opa1 requires ATP synthase oligomerization and activity to reduce ROS levels upon a blockage of the electron transport chain. Our results indicate that the converging effect of Opa1 and mitochondrial ATP synthase on mitochondrial ultrastructure regulate ROS abundance to sustain cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Quintana-Cabrera
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; CIBERFES, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Israel Manjarrés-Raza
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; CIBERFES, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Vicente-Gutiérrez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; CIBERFES, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mauro Corrado
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; CIBERFES, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Park MW, Cha HW, Kim J, Kim JH, Yang H, Yoon S, Boonpraman N, Yi SS, Yoo ID, Moon JS. NOX4 promotes ferroptosis of astrocytes by oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation via the impairment of mitochondrial metabolism in Alzheimer's diseases. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101947. [PMID: 33774476 PMCID: PMC8027773 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurotoxicity during AD. Impaired mitochondrial metabolism has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in brain damage of AD. While the role of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), a major source of ROS, has been identified in brain damage, the mechanism by which NOX4 regulates ferroptosis of astrocytes in AD remains unclear. Here, we show that the protein levels of NOX4 were significantly elevated in impaired astrocytes of cerebral cortex from patients with AD and APP/PS1 double-transgenic mouse model of AD. The levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation, were significantly also elevated in impaired astrocytes of patients with AD and mouse AD. We demonstrate that the over-expression of NOX4 significantly increases the impairment of mitochondrial metabolism by inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and ATP production via the reduction of five protein complexes in the mitochondrial ETC in human astrocytes. Moreover, the elevation of NOX4 induces oxidative stress by mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production, mitochondrial fragmentation, and inhibition of cellular antioxidant process in human astrocytes. Furthermore, the elevation of NOX4 increased ferroptosis-dependent cytotoxicity by the activation of oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation in human astrocytes. These results suggest that NOX4 promotes ferroptosis of astrocytes by oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation via the impairment of mitochondrial metabolism in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Woo Park
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Woo Cha
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyung Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Han Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Haesung Yang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea; BK21 Four Project, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, General Graduate School, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea; BK21 Four Project, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, General Graduate School, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Napissara Boonpraman
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea; BK21 Four Project, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, General Graduate School, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Shin Yi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea; BK21 Four Project, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, General Graduate School, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik Dong Yoo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan, Cheonan, 31151, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Seok Moon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea.
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75
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Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species by Mitochondria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030415. [PMID: 33803273 PMCID: PMC8001687 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are series of chemical products originated from one or several electron reductions of oxygen. ROS are involved in physiology and disease and can also be both cause and consequence of many biological scenarios. Mitochondria are the main source of ROS in the cell and, particularly, the enzymes in the electron transport chain are the major contributors to this phenomenon. Here, we comprehensively review the modes by which ROS are produced by mitochondria at a molecular level of detail, discuss recent advances in the field involving signalling and disease, and the involvement of supercomplexes in these mechanisms. Given the importance of mitochondrial ROS, we also provide a schematic guide aimed to help in deciphering the mechanisms involved in their production in a variety of physiological and pathological settings.
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Vicente-Gutierrez C, Bonora N, Jimenez-Blasco D, Lopez-Fabuel I, Bates G, Murphy MP, Almeida A, Bolaños JP. Abrogating mitochondrial ROS in neurons or astrocytes reveals cell-specific impact on mouse behaviour. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101917. [PMID: 33711713 PMCID: PMC7972977 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells naturally produce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS), but the in vivo pathophysiological significance has long remained controversial. Within the brain, astrocyte-derived mROS physiologically regulate behaviour and are produced at one order of magnitude faster than in neurons. However, whether neuronal mROS abundance differentially impacts on behaviour is unknown. To address this, we engineered genetically modified mice to down modulate mROS levels in neurons in vivo. Whilst no alterations in motor coordination were observed by down modulating mROS in neurons under healthy conditions, it prevented the motor discoordination caused by the pro-oxidant neurotoxin, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). In contrast, abrogation of mROS in astrocytes showed no beneficial effect against the 3-NP insult. These data indicate that the impact of modifying mROS production on mouse behaviour critically depends on the specific cell-type where they are generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Vicente-Gutierrez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Nicolo Bonora
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Daniel Jimenez-Blasco
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Irene Lopez-Fabuel
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Georgina Bates
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit & Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit & Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Angeles Almeida
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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Escartin C, Galea E, Lakatos A, O'Callaghan JP, Petzold GC, Serrano-Pozo A, Steinhäuser C, Volterra A, Carmignoto G, Agarwal A, Allen NJ, Araque A, Barbeito L, Barzilai A, Bergles DE, Bonvento G, Butt AM, Chen WT, Cohen-Salmon M, Cunningham C, Deneen B, De Strooper B, Díaz-Castro B, Farina C, Freeman M, Gallo V, Goldman JE, Goldman SA, Götz M, Gutiérrez A, Haydon PG, Heiland DH, Hol EM, Holt MG, Iino M, Kastanenka KV, Kettenmann H, Khakh BS, Koizumi S, Lee CJ, Liddelow SA, MacVicar BA, Magistretti P, Messing A, Mishra A, Molofsky AV, Murai KK, Norris CM, Okada S, Oliet SHR, Oliveira JF, Panatier A, Parpura V, Pekna M, Pekny M, Pellerin L, Perea G, Pérez-Nievas BG, Pfrieger FW, Poskanzer KE, Quintana FJ, Ransohoff RM, Riquelme-Perez M, Robel S, Rose CR, Rothstein JD, Rouach N, Rowitch DH, Semyanov A, Sirko S, Sontheimer H, Swanson RA, Vitorica J, Wanner IB, Wood LB, Wu J, Zheng B, Zimmer ER, Zorec R, Sofroniew MV, Verkhratsky A. Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:312-325. [PMID: 33589835 PMCID: PMC8007081 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-00783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1057] [Impact Index Per Article: 352.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes are astrocytes undergoing morphological, molecular, and functional remodeling in response to injury, disease, or infection of the CNS. Although this remodeling was first described over a century ago, uncertainties and controversies remain regarding the contribution of reactive astrocytes to CNS diseases, repair, and aging. It is also unclear whether fixed categories of reactive astrocytes exist and, if so, how to identify them. We point out the shortcomings of binary divisions of reactive astrocytes into good-vs-bad, neurotoxic-vs-neuroprotective or A1-vs-A2. We advocate, instead, that research on reactive astrocytes include assessment of multiple molecular and functional parameters-preferably in vivo-plus multivariate statistics and determination of impact on pathological hallmarks in relevant models. These guidelines may spur the discovery of astrocyte-based biomarkers as well as astrocyte-targeting therapies that abrogate detrimental actions of reactive astrocytes, potentiate their neuro- and glioprotective actions, and restore or augment their homeostatic, modulatory, and defensive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Escartin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Elena Galea
- Institut de Neurociències and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - András Lakatos
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - James P O'Callaghan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Gabor C Petzold
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alberto Serrano-Pozo
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian Steinhäuser
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Volterra
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Carmignoto
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Amit Agarwal
- The Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicola J Allen
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alfonso Araque
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Ari Barzilai
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dwight E Bergles
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Arthur M Butt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Wei-Ting Chen
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB and University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martine Cohen-Salmon
- 'Physiology and Physiopathology of the Gliovascular Unit' Research Group, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241 CNRS, Unité1050 INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Colm Cunningham
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute & Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Benjamin Deneen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bart De Strooper
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB and University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University College London, London, UK
| | - Blanca Díaz-Castro
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cinthia Farina
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) and Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Gallo
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - James E Goldman
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven A Goldman
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Science and Rigshospitalet, Kobenhavn N, Denmark
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet & Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- Synergy, Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonia Gutiérrez
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Philip G Haydon
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dieter H Heiland
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew G Holt
- Laboratory of Glia Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Masamitsu Iino
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ksenia V Kastanenka
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Baljit S Khakh
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science 55, Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Shane A Liddelow
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Ophthalmology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Brian A MacVicar
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pierre Magistretti
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Site de Cery, Prilly-Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Albee Messing
- Waisman Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anusha Mishra
- Department of Neurology Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Anna V Molofsky
- Departments of Psychiatry/Weill Institute for Neuroscience University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Keith K Murai
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher M Norris
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Stéphane H R Oliet
- Université de Bordeaux, Inserm, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - João F Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- IPCA-EST-2Ai, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Applied Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Campus of IPCA, Barcelos, Portugal
| | - Aude Panatier
- Université de Bordeaux, Inserm, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Marcela Pekna
- Laboratory of Regenerative Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Milos Pekny
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Luc Pellerin
- INSERM U1082, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Gertrudis Perea
- Department of Functional and Systems Neurobiology, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz G Pérez-Nievas
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Frank W Pfrieger
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kira E Poskanzer
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Associate Member, The Broad Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Miriam Riquelme-Perez
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stefanie Robel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, School of Neuroscience Virginia Tech, Riverside Circle, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Christine R Rose
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jeffrey D Rothstein
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathalie Rouach
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University Paris, Paris, France
| | - David H Rowitch
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexey Semyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Swetlana Sirko
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Virginia Tech School of Neuroscience and Center for Glial Biology in Health, Disease and Cancer, Virginia Tech at the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Raymond A Swanson
- Dept. of Neurology, University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Javier Vitorica
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Dept. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ina-Beate Wanner
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, IDDRC, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Levi B Wood
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory, and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jiaqian Wu
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Binhai Zheng
- Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla; VA San Diego Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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Scialo F, Sanz A. Coenzyme Q redox signalling and longevity. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 164:187-205. [PMID: 33450379 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell. They produce a significant amount of the energy we need to grow, survive and reproduce. The same system that generates energy in the form of ATP also produces Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species (mtROS) were considered for many years toxic by-products of metabolism, responsible for ageing and many degenerative diseases. Today, we know that mtROS are essential redox messengers required to determine cell fate and maintain cellular homeostasis. Most mtROS are produced by respiratory complex I (CI) and complex III (CIII). How and when CI and CIII produce ROS is determined by the redox state of the Coenzyme Q (CoQ) pool and the proton motive force (pmf) generated during respiration. During ageing, there is an accumulation of defective mitochondria that generate high levels of mtROS. This causes oxidative stress and disrupts redox signalling. Here, we review how mtROS are generated in young and old mitochondria and how CI and CIII derived ROS control physiological and pathological processes. Finally, we discuss why damaged mitochondria amass during ageing as well as methods to preserve mitochondrial redox signalling with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Scialo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alberto Sanz
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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Dennis AG, Almaguer-Mederos LE, Raúl RA, Roberto RL, Luis VP, Dany CA, Yanetza GZ, Yaimeé VM, Annelié ED, Arnoy PA, Reydenis TV. Redox Imbalance Associates with Clinical Worsening in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9875639. [PMID: 33688396 PMCID: PMC7920744 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9875639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a neurodegenerative disease presenting with redox imbalance. However, the nature and implications of redox imbalance in SCA2 physiopathology have not been fully understood. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to assess the redox imbalance and its association with disease severity in SCA2 mutation carriers. METHODS A case-control study was conducted involving molecularly confirmed SCA2 patients, presymptomatic individuals, and healthy controls. Several antioxidant parameters were assessed, including serum thiol concentration and the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase enzymatic activities. Also, several prooxidant parameters were evaluated, including thiobarbituric acid-reactive species and protein carbonyl concentrations. Damage, protective, and OXY scores were computed. Clinical correlates were established. RESULTS Significant differences were found between comparison groups for redox markers, including protein carbonyl concentration (F = 3.30; p = 0.041), glutathione S-transferase activity (F = 4.88; p = 0.009), and damage (F = 3.20; p = 0.045), protection (F = 12.75; p < 0.001), and OXY (F = 7.29; p = 0.001) scores. Protein carbonyl concentration was positively correlated with CAG repeat length (r = 0.27; p = 0.022), while both protein carbonyl concentration (r = -0.27; p = 0.018) and OXY score (r = -0.25; p = 0.013) were inversely correlated to the disease duration. Increasing levels of antioxidants and decreasing levels of prooxidant parameters were associated with clinical worsening. CONCLUSIONS There is a disruption of redox balance in SCA2 mutation carriers which depends on the disease stage. Besides, redox changes associate with markers of disease severity, suggesting a link between disruption of redox balance and SCA2 physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almaguer-Gotay Dennis
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- University of Medical Sciences of Holguín, Cuba
| | - Luis E. Almaguer-Mederos
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- University of Medical Sciences of Holguín, Cuba
| | - Rodríguez-Aguilera Raúl
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- University of Medical Sciences of Holguín, Cuba
| | | | - Velázquez-Pérez Luis
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- Cuban Academy of Sciences, Cuba
| | - Cuello-Almarales Dany
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- University of Medical Sciences of Holguín, Cuba
| | - González-Zaldívar Yanetza
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- University of Medical Sciences of Holguín, Cuba
| | - Vázquez-Mojena Yaimeé
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
| | | | - Peña-Acosta Arnoy
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
| | - Torres-Vega Reydenis
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
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80
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Mosleth EF, Vedeler CA, Liland KH, McLeod A, Bringeland GH, Kroondijk L, Berven FS, Lysenko A, Rawlings CJ, Eid KEH, Opsahl JA, Gjertsen BT, Myhr KM, Gavasso S. Cerebrospinal fluid proteome shows disrupted neuronal development in multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4087. [PMID: 33602999 PMCID: PMC7892850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82388-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive research, the aetiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unknown. Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics has the potential to reveal mechanisms of MS pathogenesis, but analyses must account for disease heterogeneity. We previously reported explorative multivariate analysis by hierarchical clustering of proteomics data of MS patients and controls, which resulted in two groups of individuals. Grouping reflected increased levels of intrathecal inflammatory response proteins and decreased levels of proteins involved in neural development in one group relative to the other group. MS patients and controls were present in both groups. Here we reanalysed these data and we also reanalysed data from an independent cohort of patients diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), who have symptoms of MS without evidence of dissemination in space and/or time. Some, but not all, CIS patients had intrathecal inflammation. The analyses reported here identified a common protein signature of MS/CIS that was not linked to elevated intrathecal inflammation. The signature included low levels of complement proteins, semaphorin-7A, reelin, neural cell adhesion molecules, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2, transforming growth factor beta 1, follistatin-related protein 1, malate dehydrogenase 1 cytoplasmic, plasma retinol-binding protein, biotinidase, and transferrin, all known to play roles in neural development. Low levels of these proteins suggest that MS/CIS patients suffer from abnormally low oxidative capacity that results in disrupted neural development from an early stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen F Mosleth
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, 1430, Ås, Norway.
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - Christian Alexander Vedeler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristian Hovde Liland
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, 1430, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430, Ås, Norway
| | - Anette McLeod
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, 1430, Ås, Norway
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - Gerd Haga Bringeland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Liesbeth Kroondijk
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Artem Lysenko
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
- Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Karim El-Hajj Eid
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, 1430, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430, Ås, Norway
| | - Jill Anette Opsahl
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Tore Gjertsen
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, Precision Oncology Research Group, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell-Morten Myhr
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sonia Gavasso
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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81
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Bessières B, Cruz E, Alberini CM. Metabolomic profiling reveals a differential role for hippocampal glutathione reductase in infantile memory formation. eLife 2021; 10:68590. [PMID: 34825649 PMCID: PMC8626085 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic mechanisms underlying the formation of early-life episodic memories remain poorly characterized. Here, we assessed the metabolomic profile of the rat hippocampus at different developmental ages both at baseline and following episodic learning. We report that the hippocampal metabolome significantly changes over developmental ages and that learning regulates differential arrays of metabolites according to age. The infant hippocampus had the largest number of significant changes following learning, with downregulation of 54 metabolites. Of those, a large proportion was associated with the glutathione-mediated cellular defenses against oxidative stress. Further biochemical, molecular, and behavioral assessments revealed that infantile learning evokes a rapid and persistent increase in the activity of neuronal glutathione reductase, the enzyme that regenerates reduced glutathione from its oxidized form. Inhibition of glutathione reductase selectively impaired long-term memory formation in infant but not in juvenile and adult rats, confirming its age-specific role. Thus, metabolomic profiling revealed that the hippocampal glutathione-mediated antioxidant pathway is differentially required for the formation of infantile memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Cruz
- Center for Neural Science, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
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82
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Tauffenberger A, Magistretti PJ. Reactive Oxygen Species: Beyond Their Reactive Behavior. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:77-87. [PMID: 33439432 PMCID: PMC7829243 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis plays a critical role in how an organism will develop and age. Disruption of this fragile equilibrium is often associated with health degradation and ultimately, death. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been closely associated with health decline and neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease. ROS were first identified as by-products of the cellular activity, mainly mitochondrial respiration, and their high reactivity is linked to a disruption of macromolecules such as proteins, lipids and DNA. More recent research suggests more complex function of ROS, reaching far beyond the cellular dysfunction. ROS are active actors in most of the signaling cascades involved in cell development, proliferation and survival, constituting important second messengers. In the brain, their impact on neurons and astrocytes has been associated with synaptic plasticity and neuron survival. This review provides an overview of ROS function in cell signaling in the context of aging and degeneration in the brain and guarding the fragile balance between health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Tauffenberger
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Pierre J Magistretti
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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83
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Köhler S, Schmidt H, Fülle P, Hirrlinger J, Winkler U. A Dual Nanosensor Approach to Determine the Cytosolic Concentration of ATP in Astrocytes. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:565921. [PMID: 33192312 PMCID: PMC7530325 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.565921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the central energy carrier of all cells and knowledge on the dynamics of the concentration of ATP ([ATP]) provides important insights into the energetic state of a cell. Several genetically encoded fluorescent nanosensors for ATP were developed, which allow following the cytosolic [ATP] at high spatial and temporal resolution using fluorescence microscopy. However, to calibrate the fluorescent signal to [ATP] has remained challenging. To estimate basal cytosolic [ATP] ([ATP]0) in astrocytes, we here took advantage of two ATP nanosensors of the ATeam-family (ATeam1.03; ATeam1.03YEMK) with different affinities for ATP. Altering [ATP] by external stimuli resulted in characteristic pairs of signal changes of both nanosensors, which depend on [ATP]0. Using this dual nanosensor strategy and epifluorescence microscopy, [ATP]0 was estimated to be around 1.5 mM in primary cultures of cortical astrocytes from mice. Furthermore, in astrocytes in acutely isolated cortical slices from mice expressing both nanosensors after stereotactic injection of AAV-vectors, 2-photon microscopy revealed [ATP]0 of 0.7 mM to 1.3 mM. Finally, the change in [ATP] induced in the cytosol of cultured cortical astrocytes by application of azide, glutamate, and an increased extracellular concentration of K+ were calculated as −0.50 mM, −0.16 mM, and 0.07 mM, respectively. In summary, the dual nanosensor approach adds another option for determining the concentration of [ATP] to the increasing toolbox of fluorescent nanosensors for metabolites. This approach can also be applied to other metabolites when two sensors with different binding properties are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Köhler
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schmidt
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paula Fülle
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Wilhelm-Ostwald-Schule, Gymnasium der Stadt Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Hirrlinger
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Winkler
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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84
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Parp3 promotes astrocytic differentiation through a tight regulation of Nox4-induced ROS and mTorc2 activation. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:954. [PMID: 33159039 PMCID: PMC7648797 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parp3 is a member of the Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (Parp) family that has been characterized for its functions in strand break repair, chromosomal rearrangements, mitotic segregation and tumor aggressiveness. Yet its physiological implications remain unknown. Here we report a central function of Parp3 in the regulation of redox homeostasis in continuous neurogenesis in mice. We show that the absence of Parp3 provokes Nox4-induced oxidative stress and defective mTorc2 activation leading to inefficient differentiation of post-natal neural stem/progenitor cells to astrocytes. The accumulation of ROS contributes to the decreased activity of mTorc2 as a result of an oxidation-induced and Fbxw7-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of Rictor. In vivo, mTorc2 signaling is compromised in the striatum of naïve post-natal Parp3-deficient mice and 6 h after acute hypoxia-ischemia. These findings reveal a physiological function of Parp3 in the tight regulation of striatal oxidative stress and mTorc2 during astrocytic differentiation and in the acute phase of hypoxia-ischemia.
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85
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Rose J, Brian C, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Franco R. Mitochondrial Metabolism in Astrocytes Regulates Brain Bioenergetics, Neurotransmission and Redox Balance. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:536682. [PMID: 33224019 PMCID: PMC7674659 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.536682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the brain, mitochondrial metabolism has been largely associated with energy production, and its dysfunction is linked to neuronal cell loss. However, the functional role of mitochondria in glial cells has been poorly studied. Recent reports have demonstrated unequivocally that astrocytes do not require mitochondria to meet their bioenergetics demands. Then, the question remaining is, what is the functional role of mitochondria in astrocytes? In this work, we review current evidence demonstrating that mitochondrial central carbon metabolism in astrocytes regulates overall brain bioenergetics, neurotransmitter homeostasis and redox balance. Emphasis is placed in detailing carbon source utilization (glucose and fatty acids), anaplerotic inputs and cataplerotic outputs, as well as carbon shuttles to neurons, which highlight the metabolic specialization of astrocytic mitochondria and its relevance to brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Rose
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Christian Brian
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Electron Microscopy & Molecular Pathology, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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86
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Brand MD. Riding the tiger - physiological and pathological effects of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generated in the mitochondrial matrix. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:592-661. [PMID: 33148057 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1828258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elevated mitochondrial matrix superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide concentrations drive a wide range of physiological responses and pathologies. Concentrations of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the mitochondrial matrix are set mainly by rates of production, the activities of superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) and peroxiredoxin-3 (PRDX3), and by diffusion of hydrogen peroxide to the cytosol. These considerations can be used to generate criteria for assessing whether changes in matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide are both necessary and sufficient to drive redox signaling and pathology: is a phenotype affected by suppressing superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production; by manipulating the levels of SOD2, PRDX3 or mitochondria-targeted catalase; and by adding mitochondria-targeted SOD/catalase mimetics or mitochondria-targeted antioxidants? Is the pathology associated with variants in SOD2 and PRDX3 genes? Filtering the large literature on mitochondrial redox signaling using these criteria highlights considerable evidence that mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide drive physiological responses involved in cellular stress management, including apoptosis, autophagy, propagation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, cellular senescence, HIF1α signaling, and immune responses. They also affect cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and the cell cycle. Filtering the huge literature on pathologies highlights strong experimental evidence that 30-40 pathologies may be driven by mitochondrial matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. These can be grouped into overlapping and interacting categories: metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neurological diseases; cancer; ischemia/reperfusion injury; aging and its diseases; external insults, and genetic diseases. Understanding the involvement of mitochondrial matrix superoxide and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in these diseases can facilitate the rational development of appropriate therapies.
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87
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Robb JL, Morrissey NA, Weightman Potter PG, Smithers HE, Beall C, Ellacott KLJ. Immunometabolic Changes in Glia - A Potential Role in the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Diabetes. Neuroscience 2020; 447:167-181. [PMID: 31765625 PMCID: PMC7567742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is a feature of the pathophysiology of obesity and diabetes in the CNS as well as peripheral tissues. Glial cells are critical mediators of the response to inflammation in the brain. Key features of glia include their metabolic flexibility, sensitivity to changes in the CNS microenvironment, and ability to rapidly adapt their function accordingly. They are specialised cells which cooperate to promote and preserve neuronal health, playing important roles in regulating the activity of neuronal networks across the brain during different life stages. Increasing evidence points to a role of glia, most notably astrocytes and microglia, in the systemic regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis in the course of normal physiological control and during disease. Inflammation is an energetically expensive process that requires adaptive changes in cellular metabolism and, in turn, metabolic intermediates can also have immunomodulatory actions. Such "immunometabolic" changes in peripheral immune cells have been implicated in contributing to disease pathology in obesity and diabetes. This review will discuss the evidence for a role of immunometabolic changes in glial cells in the systemic regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis, and how this changes in the context of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine L Robb
- Neuroendocrine Research Group, Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Nicole A Morrissey
- Neuroendocrine Research Group, Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Paul G Weightman Potter
- Neuroendocrine Research Group, Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Hannah E Smithers
- Neuroendocrine Research Group, Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Craig Beall
- Neuroendocrine Research Group, Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Kate L J Ellacott
- Neuroendocrine Research Group, Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
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88
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Augusto-Oliveira M, Arrifano GP, Takeda PY, Lopes-Araújo A, Santos-Sacramento L, Anthony DC, Verkhratsky A, Crespo-Lopez ME. Astroglia-specific contributions to the regulation of synapses, cognition and behaviour. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:331-357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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89
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Sánchez-Morán I, Rodríguez C, Lapresa R, Agulla J, Sobrino T, Castillo J, Bolaños JP, Almeida A. Nuclear WRAP53 promotes neuronal survival and functional recovery after stroke. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/41/eabc5702. [PMID: 33028529 PMCID: PMC7541066 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc5702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Failure of neurons to efficiently repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) contributes to cerebral damage after stroke. However, the molecular machinery that regulates DNA repair in this neurological disorder is unknown. Here, we found that DSBs in oxygen/glucose-deprived (OGD) neurons spatiotemporally correlated with the up-regulation of WRAP53 (WD40-encoding p53-antisense RNA), which translocated to the nucleus to activate the DSB repair response. Mechanistically, OGD triggered a burst in reactive oxygen species that induced both DSBs and translocation of WRAP53 to the nucleus to promote DNA repair, a pathway that was confirmed in an in vivo mouse model of stroke. Noticeably, nuclear translocation of WRAP53 occurred faster in OGD neurons expressing the Wrap53 human nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2287499 (c.202C>G). Patients carrying this SNP showed less infarct volume and better functional outcome after stroke. These results indicate that WRAP53 fosters DNA repair and neuronal survival to promote functional recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sánchez-Morán
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rebeca Lapresa
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús Agulla
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Castillo
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Almeida
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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90
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Milliken AS, Kulkarni CA, Brookes PS. Acid enhancement of ROS generation by complex-I reverse electron transport is balanced by acid inhibition of complex-II: Relevance for tissue reperfusion injury. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101733. [PMID: 33007502 PMCID: PMC7527751 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important process in triggering cellular necrosis and tissue infarction during ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Ischemia results in accumulation of the metabolite succinate. Rapid oxidation of this succinate by mitochondrial complex II (Cx-II) during reperfusion reduces the co-enzyme Q (Co-Q) pool, thereby driving electrons backward into complex-I (Cx-I), a process known as reverse electron transport (RET), which is thought to be a major source of ROS. During ischemia, enhanced glycolysis results in an acidic cellular pH at the onset of reperfusion. While the process of RsET within Cx-I is known to be enhanced by a high mitochondrial trans-membrane ΔpH, the impact of pH itself on the integrated process of Cx-II to Cx-I RET has not been fully studied. Using isolated mouse heart and liver mitochondria under conditions which mimic the onset of reperfusion (i.e., high [ADP]), we show that mitochondrial respiration (state 2 and state 3) as well as isolated Cx-II activity are impaired at acidic pH, whereas the overall generation of ROS by Cx-II to Cx-I RET was insensitive to pH. Together these data indicate that the acceleration of Cx-I RET ROS by ΔpH appears to be cancelled out by the impact of pH on the source of electrons, i.e. Cx-II. Implications for the role of Cx-II to Cx-I RET derived ROS in IR injury are discussed. ROS from complex I (Cx-I) reverse electron transport (RET) is enhanced at acidic pH. Mitochondrial complex II (Cx-II) activity is inhibited at acidic pH. These effects cancel out, yielding no net pH response of Cx-II to Cx-I RET ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Milliken
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA
| | - Chaitanya A Kulkarni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA
| | - Paul S Brookes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA.
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91
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Vezza T, Abad-Jiménez Z, Marti-Cabrera M, Rocha M, Víctor VM. Microbiota-Mitochondria Inter-Talk: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090848. [PMID: 32927712 PMCID: PMC7554719 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing concern worldwide. New discoveries in the field of metagenomics and clinical research have revealed that the gut microbiota plays a key role in these metabolic disorders. The mechanisms regulating microbiota composition are multifactorial and include resistance to stress, presence of pathogens, diet, cultural habits and general health conditions. Recent evidence has shed light on the influence of microbiota quality and diversity on mitochondrial functions. Of note, the gut microbiota has been shown to regulate crucial transcription factors, coactivators, as well as enzymes implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism. Moreover, microbiota metabolites seem to interfere with mitochondrial oxidative/nitrosative stress and autophagosome formation, thus regulating the activation of the inflammasome and the production of inflammatory cytokines, key players in chronic metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the association between intestinal microbiota and mitochondrial function and examines the mechanisms that may be the key to their use as potential therapeutic strategies in obesity and T2D management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vezza
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (T.V.); (Z.A.-J.)
| | - Zaida Abad-Jiménez
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (T.V.); (Z.A.-J.)
| | | | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (T.V.); (Z.A.-J.)
- CIBERehd—Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (V.M.V.); Tel.: +34-963-189-132 (M.R. & V.M.V.); Fax: +34-961-622-492 (M.R. & V.M.V.)
| | - Víctor Manuel Víctor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (T.V.); (Z.A.-J.)
- CIBERehd—Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (V.M.V.); Tel.: +34-963-189-132 (M.R. & V.M.V.); Fax: +34-961-622-492 (M.R. & V.M.V.)
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92
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Acín-Pérez R, Iborra S, Martí-Mateos Y, Cook ECL, Conde-Garrosa R, Petcherski A, Muñoz MDM, Martínez de Mena R, Krishnan KC, Jiménez C, Bolaños JP, Laakso M, Lusis AJ, Shirihai OS, Sancho D, Enríquez JA. Fgr kinase is required for proinflammatory macrophage activation during diet-induced obesity. Nat Metab 2020; 2:974-988. [PMID: 32943786 PMCID: PMC8225238 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory macrophages are key in the development of obesity. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activate the Fgr tyrosine kinase, also contribute to obesity. Here we show that ablation of Fgr impairs proinflammatory macrophage polarization while preventing high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. Systemic ablation of Fgr increases lipolysis and liver fatty acid oxidation, thereby avoiding steatosis. Knockout of Fgr in bone marrow (BM)-derived cells is sufficient to protect against insulin resistance and liver steatosis following HFD feeding, while the transfer of Fgr-expressing BM-derived cells reverts protection from HFD feeding in Fgr-deficient hosts. Scavenging of mitochondrial peroxides is sufficient to prevent Fgr activation in BM-derived cells and HFD-induced obesity. Moreover, Fgr expression is higher in proinflammatory macrophages and correlates with obesity traits in both mice and humans. Thus, our findings reveal the mitochondrial ROS-Fgr kinase as a key regulatory axis in proinflammatory adipose tissue macrophage activation, diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Acín-Pérez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Salvador Iborra
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Emma C L Cook
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Conde-Garrosa
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anton Petcherski
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mª Del Mar Muñoz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Concepción Jiménez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aldon J Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Sancho
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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93
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Maugard M, Vigneron PA, Bolaños JP, Bonvento G. l-Serine links metabolism with neurotransmission. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 197:101896. [PMID: 32798642 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain energy metabolism is often considered as a succession of biochemical steps that metabolize the fuel (glucose and oxygen) for the unique purpose of providing sufficient ATP to maintain the huge information processing power of the brain. However, a significant fraction (10-15 %) of glucose is shunted away from the ATP-producing pathway (oxidative phosphorylation) and may be used to support other functions. Recent studies have pointed to the marked compartmentation of energy metabolic pathways between neurons and glial cells. Here, we focused our attention on the biosynthesis of l-serine, a non-essential amino acid that is formed exclusively in glial cells (mostly astrocytes) by re-routing the metabolic fate of the glycolytic intermediate, 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG). This metabolic pathway is called the phosphorylated pathway and transforms 3PG into l-serine via three enzymatic reactions. We first compiled the available data on the mechanisms that regulate the flux through this metabolic pathway. We then reviewed the current evidence that is beginning to unravel the roles of l-serine both in the healthy and diseased brain, leading to the notion that this specific metabolic pathway connects glial metabolism with synaptic activity and plasticity. We finally suggest that restoring astrocyte-mediated l-serine homeostasis may provide new therapeutic strategies for brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Maugard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pierre-Antoine Vigneron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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94
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Uchiyama M, Nakao A, Kurita Y, Fukushi I, Takeda K, Numata T, Tran HN, Sawamura S, Ebert M, Kurokawa T, Sakaguchi R, Stokes AJ, Takahashi N, Okada Y, Mori Y. O 2-Dependent Protein Internalization Underlies Astrocytic Sensing of Acute Hypoxia by Restricting Multimodal TRPA1 Channel Responses. Curr Biol 2020; 30:3378-3396.e7. [PMID: 32679097 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia sensors are essential for regulating local oxygen (O2) homeostasis within the body. This is especially pertinent within the CNS, which is particularly vulnerable to O2 deprivation due to high energetic demand. Here, we reveal hypoxia-monitoring function exerted by astrocytes through an O2-regulated protein trafficking mechanism within the CNS. Strikingly, cultured mouse astrocytes isolated from the parafacial respiratory group (pFRG) and retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) region are capable of rapidly responding to moderate hypoxia via the sensor cation channel transient receptor potential (TRP) A1 but, unlike multimodal sensory neurons, are inert to hyperoxia and other TRPA1 activators (carbon dioxide, electrophiles, and oxidants) in normoxia. Mechanistically, O2 suppresses TRPA1 channel activity by protein internalization via O2-dependent proline hydroxylation and subsequent ubiquitination by an E3 ubiquitin ligase, NEDD4-1 (neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 4). Hypoxia inhibits this process and instantly accumulates TRPA1 proteins at the plasma membrane, inducing TRPA1-mediated Ca2+ influx that triggers ATP release from pFRG/RTN astrocytes, potentiating respiratory center activity. Furthermore, astrocyte-specific Trpa1 disruption in a mouse brainstem-spinal cord preparation impedes the amplitude augmentation of the central autonomic respiratory output during hypoxia. Thus, reversible coupling of the TRPA1 channels with O2-dependent protein translocation allows astrocytes to act as acute hypoxia sensors in the medullary respiratory center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Uchiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Akito Nakao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Kurita
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Isato Fukushi
- Clinical Research Center, Murayama Medical Center, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; Faculty of Health Sciences, Uekusa Gakuen University, Chiba 264-0007, Japan
| | - Kotaro Takeda
- Clinical Research Center, Murayama Medical Center, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Healthcare, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Numata
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Ha Nam Tran
- Department of Technology and Ecology, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Seishiro Sawamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Maximilian Ebert
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kurokawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Reiko Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; World Premier International Research Initiative Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Alexander J Stokes
- Chaminade University, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Nobuaki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okada
- Clinical Research Center, Murayama Medical Center, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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95
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Jimenez-Blasco D, Busquets-Garcia A, Hebert-Chatelain E, Serrat R, Vicente-Gutierrez C, Ioannidou C, Gómez-Sotres P, Lopez-Fabuel I, Resch-Beusher M, Resel E, Arnouil D, Saraswat D, Varilh M, Cannich A, Julio-Kalajzic F, Bonilla-Del Río I, Almeida A, Puente N, Achicallende S, Lopez-Rodriguez ML, Jollé C, Déglon N, Pellerin L, Josephine C, Bonvento G, Panatier A, Lutz B, Piazza PV, Guzmán M, Bellocchio L, Bouzier-Sore AK, Grandes P, Bolaños JP, Marsicano G. Glucose metabolism links astroglial mitochondria to cannabinoid effects. Nature 2020; 583:603-608. [PMID: 32641832 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes take up glucose from the bloodstream to provide energy to the brain, thereby allowing neuronal activity and behavioural responses1-5. By contrast, astrocytes are under neuronal control through specific neurotransmitter receptors5-7. However, whether the activation of astroglial receptors can directly regulate cellular glucose metabolism to eventually modulate behavioural responses is unclear. Here we show that activation of mouse astroglial type-1 cannabinoid receptors associated with mitochondrial membranes (mtCB1) hampers the metabolism of glucose and the production of lactate in the brain, resulting in altered neuronal functions and, in turn, impaired behavioural responses in social interaction assays. Specifically, activation of astroglial mtCB1 receptors reduces the phosphorylation of the mitochondrial complex I subunit NDUFS4, which decreases the stability and activity of complex I. This leads to a reduction in the generation of reactive oxygen species by astrocytes and affects the glycolytic production of lactate through the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 pathway, eventually resulting in neuronal redox stress and impairment of behavioural responses in social interaction assays. Genetic and pharmacological correction of each of these effects abolishes the effect of cannabinoid treatment on the observed behaviour. These findings suggest that mtCB1 receptor signalling can directly regulate astroglial glucose metabolism to fine-tune neuronal activity and behaviour in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jimenez-Blasco
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Arnau Busquets-Garcia
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Etienne Hebert-Chatelain
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.,Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Roman Serrat
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Carlos Vicente-Gutierrez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Christina Ioannidou
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Paula Gómez-Sotres
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Irene Lopez-Fabuel
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Monica Resch-Beusher
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eva Resel
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dorian Arnouil
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dave Saraswat
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marjorie Varilh
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Astrid Cannich
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Itziar Bonilla-Del Río
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Angeles Almeida
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nagore Puente
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Svein Achicallende
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Charlotte Jollé
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies (LCMN), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS-University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U1082, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Charlène Josephine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Aude Panatier
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - Pier-Vincenzo Piazza
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Aelis Farma, Bordeaux, France
| | - Manuel Guzmán
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luigi Bellocchio
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS-University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pedro Grandes
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France. .,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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96
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Timper K, Del Río-Martín A, Cremer AL, Bremser S, Alber J, Giavalisco P, Varela L, Heilinger C, Nolte H, Trifunovic A, Horvath TL, Kloppenburg P, Backes H, Brüning JC. GLP-1 Receptor Signaling in Astrocytes Regulates Fatty Acid Oxidation, Mitochondrial Integrity, and Function. Cell Metab 2020; 31:1189-1205.e13. [PMID: 32433922 PMCID: PMC7272126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes represent central regulators of brain glucose metabolism and neuronal function. They have recently been shown to adapt their function in response to alterations in nutritional state through responding to the energy state-sensing hormones leptin and insulin. Here, we demonstrate that glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 inhibits glucose uptake and promotes β-oxidation in cultured astrocytes. Conversely, postnatal GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) deletion in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing astrocytes impairs astrocyte mitochondrial integrity and activates an integrated stress response with enhanced fibroblast growth factor (FGF)21 production and increased brain glucose uptake. Accordingly, central neutralization of FGF21 or astrocyte-specific FGF21 inactivation abrogates the improvements in glucose tolerance and learning in mice lacking GLP-1R expression in astrocytes. Collectively, these experiments reveal a role for astrocyte GLP-1R signaling in maintaining mitochondrial integrity, and lack of GLP-1R signaling mounts an adaptive stress response resulting in an improvement of systemic glucose homeostasis and memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Timper
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Almudena Del Río-Martín
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Cremer
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Bremser
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Zoology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Alber
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Aging, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Luis Varela
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Christian Heilinger
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Trifunovic
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Kloppenburg
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Zoology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Heiko Backes
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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97
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Sies H, Jones DP. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:363-383. [PMID: 32231263 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2141] [Impact Index Per Article: 535.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
'Reactive oxygen species' (ROS) is an umbrella term for an array of derivatives of molecular oxygen that occur as a normal attribute of aerobic life. Elevated formation of the different ROS leads to molecular damage, denoted as 'oxidative distress'. Here we focus on ROS at physiological levels and their central role in redox signalling via different post-translational modifications, denoted as 'oxidative eustress'. Two species, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the superoxide anion radical (O2·-), are key redox signalling agents generated under the control of growth factors and cytokines by more than 40 enzymes, prominently including NADPH oxidases and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. At the low physiological levels in the nanomolar range, H2O2 is the major agent signalling through specific protein targets, which engage in metabolic regulation and stress responses to support cellular adaptation to a changing environment and stress. In addition, several other reactive species are involved in redox signalling, for instance nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and oxidized lipids. Recent methodological advances permit the assessment of molecular interactions of specific ROS molecules with specific targets in redox signalling pathways. Accordingly, major advances have occurred in understanding the role of these oxidants in physiology and disease, including the nervous, cardiovascular and immune systems, skeletal muscle and metabolic regulation as well as ageing and cancer. In the past, unspecific elimination of ROS by use of low molecular mass antioxidant compounds was not successful in counteracting disease initiation and progression in clinical trials. However, controlling specific ROS-mediated signalling pathways by selective targeting offers a perspective for a future of more refined redox medicine. This includes enzymatic defence systems such as those controlled by the stress-response transcription factors NRF2 and nuclear factor-κB, the role of trace elements such as selenium, the use of redox drugs and the modulation of environmental factors collectively known as the exposome (for example, nutrition, lifestyle and irradiation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Sies
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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98
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Vicente-Gutierrez C, Bolaños JP. An ex vivo Approach to Assess Mitochondrial ROS by Flow Cytometry in AAV-tagged Astrocytes in Adult Mice. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3550. [PMID: 33659524 PMCID: PMC7842736 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) are naturally produced signalling molecules extremely relevant for understanding both health- and disease-associated biological processes. The study of mROS in the brain is currently underway to decipher their physiopathological roles and contributions in neurological diseases. Recent advances in this field have highlighted the importance of studying mROS signalling and redox biology at the cellular level. Neurons are especially sensitive to the harmful effects of excess mROS while astrocytic mROS have been shown to play a relevant physiological role in cerebral homeostasis and behaviour. However, given the complexity of the brain, investigating mROS formation in a specific cell-type in adult animals is methodologically challenging. Here we propose an approach to specifically assess mROS abundance in astrocytes that combines i) a targeting strategy based on the use of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) under an astrocyte (glial fibrillary acidic protein or GFAP) promoter, along with, ii) a robust and widely extended protocol for the measurement of mROS by flow cytometry using commercial probes. The significance of this work is that it allows the selective study of astrocytic mROS abundance by means of easily accessible technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Vicente-Gutierrez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- CIBERFES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan P. Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- CIBERFES, Madrid, Spain
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Rodriguez C, Agulla J, Delgado-Esteban M. Refocusing the Brain: New Approaches in Neuroprotection Against Ischemic Injury. Neurochem Res 2020; 46:51-63. [PMID: 32189131 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new era for neuroprotective strategies is emerging in ischemia/reperfusion. This has forced to review the studies existing to date based in neuroprotection against oxidative stress, which have undoubtedly contributed to clarify the brain endogenous mechanisms, as well as to identify possible therapeutic targets or biomarkers in stroke and other neurological diseases. The efficacy of exogenous administration of neuroprotective compounds has been shown in different studies so far. However, something must be missing to get these treatments successfully applied in the clinical environment. Here, the mechanisms involved in neuronal protection against physiological level of ROS and the main neuroprotective signaling pathways induced by excitotoxic and ischemic stimuli are reviewed. Also, the endogenous ischemic tolerance in terms of brain self-protection mechanisms against subsequent cerebral ischemia is revisited to highlight how the preconditioning has emerged as a powerful tool to understand these phenomena. A better understanding of endogenous defense against exacerbated ROS and metabolism in nervous cells will therefore aid to design pharmacological antioxidants targeted specifically against oxidative damage induced by ischemic injury, but also might be very valuable for translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodriguez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús Agulla
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Delgado-Esteban
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain. .,Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Intertwined ROS and Metabolic Signaling at the Neuron-Astrocyte Interface. Neurochem Res 2020; 46:23-33. [PMID: 31989468 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism and redox signalling share critical nodes in the nervous system. In the last years, a series of major findings have challenged the current vision on how neural reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced and handled in the nervous system. Once regarded as deleterious by-products, ROS are now shown to be essential for a metabolic and redox crosstalk. In turn, this coupling defines neural viability and function to control behaviour or leading to neurodegeneration when compromised. Findings like a different assembly of mitochondrial respiratory supercomplexes in neurons and astrocytes stands behind a divergent production of ROS in either cell type, more prominent in astrocytes. ROS levels are however tightly controlled by an antioxidant machinery in astrocytes, assumed as more efficient than that of neurons, to regulate redox signalling. By exerting this control in ROS abundance, metabolic functions are finely tuned in both neural cells. Further, a higher engagement of mitochondrial respiration and oxidative function in neurons, underpinned by redox equivalents supplied from the pentose phosphate pathway and from glia, differs from the otherwise strong glycolytic capacity of astrocytes. Here, we recapitulate major findings on how ROS and metabolism differ between neural cells but merge to define reciprocal signalling pathways, ultimately defining neural function and fate.
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