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Sprenger RR, Hermansson M, Neess D, Becciolini LS, Sørensen SB, Fagerberg R, Ecker J, Liebisch G, Jensen ON, Vance DE, Færgeman NJ, Klemm RW, Ejsing CS. Lipid molecular timeline profiling reveals diurnal crosstalk between the liver and circulation. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108710. [PMID: 33535053 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diurnal regulation of whole-body lipid metabolism plays a vital role in metabolic health. Although changes in lipid levels across the diurnal cycle have been investigated, the system-wide molecular responses to both short-acting fasting-feeding transitions and longer-timescale circadian rhythms have not been explored in parallel. Here, we perform time-series multi-omics analyses of liver and plasma revealing that the majority of molecular oscillations are entrained by adaptations to fasting, food intake, and the postprandial state. By developing algorithms for lipid structure enrichment analysis and lipid molecular crosstalk between tissues, we find that the hepatic phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) methylation pathway is diurnally regulated, giving rise to two pools of oscillating phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecules in the circulation, which are coupled to secretion of either very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. Our work demonstrates that lipid molecular timeline profiling across tissues is key to disentangling complex metabolic processes and provides a critical resource for the study of whole-body lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R Sprenger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Hermansson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ditte Neess
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lena Sokol Becciolini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Signe Bek Sørensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rolf Fagerberg
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Josef Ecker
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Research Group Lipid Metabolism, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ole N Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dennis E Vance
- Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nils J Færgeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Robin W Klemm
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christer S Ejsing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
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52
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Consumption of a High-Protein Meal Replacement Leads to Higher Fat Oxidation, Suppression of Hunger, and Improved Metabolic Profile After an Exercise Session. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010155. [PMID: 33466462 PMCID: PMC7824960 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the impact of a high-protein meal replacement (HP-MR) versus a control (CON) breakfast on exercise metabolism. In this acute, randomized controlled, cross-over study, participants were allocated into two isocaloric arms: (a) HP-MR: 30% carbohydrate, 43% protein, and 27% fat; (b) CON: 55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 30% fat. Following breakfast, participants performed a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise while inside a whole-body calorimetry unit. Energy expenditure, macronutrient oxidation, appetite sensations, and metabolic blood markers were assessed. Forty-three healthy, normal-weight adults (24 males) participated. Compared to the CON breakfast, the HP-MR produced higher fat oxidation (1.07 ± 0.33 g/session; p = 0.003) and lower carbohydrate oxidation (−2.32 ± 0.98 g/session; p = 0.023) and respiratory exchange ratio (−0.01 ± 0.00; p = 0.003) during exercise. After exercise, increases in hunger were lower during the HP-MR condition. Changes in blood markers from the fasting state to post-exercise during the HP-MR condition were greater for insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine, and gluca-gon-like peptide 1, and lower for triglyceride and glycerol. Our primary findings were that a HP-MR produced higher fat oxidation during the exercise session, suppression of hunger, and improved metabolic profile after it.
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53
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Bernier-Graveline A, Lesage V, Cabrol J, Lair S, Michaud R, Rosabal M, Verreault J. Lipid metabolites as indicators of body condition in highly contaminant-exposed belugas from the endangered St. Lawrence Estuary population (Canada). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110272. [PMID: 33038366 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The endangered St. Lawrence Estuary (SLE) beluga population is declining and has shown no sign of recovery over the past decades despite several protective measures. Changes in the availability of food resources and exposure to organohalogen contaminants have been suggested as potential factors limiting the recovery of this population. Studies on SLE belugas have suggested that contaminant exposure may perturb energy metabolism, however, whether this translates into changes in energy reserves (lipid composition) and body condition is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between body condition and concentrations of organohalogens (polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and flame retardants) and a range of lipid metabolites (fatty acids, acylcarnitines, lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines, and sphingomyelins) in blubber samples collected from 51 SLE beluga carcasses recovered between 1998 and 2016 for which the cause of mortality was documented. Blubber Σ9fatty acid concentrations in SLE belugas significantly decreased between 1998 and 2016, suggesting a decline in energy reserves over the past two decades. Concentrations of several phosphatidylcholine analogues were greater in blubber of beluga males and/or females that were in poor body condition compared to those in good body condition. Moreover, concentrations of phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C32:2 were greater in females that died from primary starvation (poor body condition). Greater concentrations of Σ12emerging flame retardants were also found in blubber of SLE beluga females that were in poorer body condition. This study suggests that the use of membrane lipids including phosphatidylcholine concentrations may be a good indicator of body condition and energy reserve status in blubber of marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Bernier-Graveline
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Véronique Lesage
- Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, P.O. Box 1000, 850 route de la Mer, Mont-Joli, QC, G5H 3Z4, Canada
| | - Jory Cabrol
- Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, P.O. Box 1000, 850 route de la Mer, Mont-Joli, QC, G5H 3Z4, Canada
| | - Stéphane Lair
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Robert Michaud
- Group for Research and Education on Marine Mammals, Tadoussac, QC, G0T 2A0, Canada
| | - Maikel Rosabal
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
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54
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Chen G, Zhou G, Lotvola A, Granneman JG, Wang J. ABHD5 suppresses cancer cell anabolism through lipolysis-dependent activation of the AMPK/mTORC1 pathway. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100104. [PMID: 33219129 PMCID: PMC7949079 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ABHD5 is an essential coactivator of ATGL, the rate-limiting triglyceride (TG) lipase in many cell types. Importantly, ABHD5 also functions as a tumor suppressor, and ABHD5 mRNA expression levels correlate with patient survival for several cancers. Nevertheless, the mechanisms involved in ABHD5-dependent tumor suppression are not known. We found that overexpression of ABHD5 induces cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and causes growth retardation in a panel of prostate cancer cells. Transcriptomic profiling and biochemical analysis revealed that genetic or pharmacological activation of lipolysis by ABHD5 potently inhibits mTORC1 signaling, leading to a significant downregulation of protein synthesis. Mechanistically, we found that ABHD5 elevates intracellular AMP content, which activates AMPK, leading to inhibition of mTORC1. Interestingly, ABHD5-dependent suppression of mTORC1 was abrogated by pharmacological inhibition of DGAT1 or DGAT2, isoenzymes that re-esterify fatty acids in a process that consumes ATP. Collectively, this study maps out a novel molecular pathway crucial for limiting cancer cell proliferation, in which ABHD5-mediated lipolysis creates an energy-consuming futile cycle between TG hydrolysis and resynthesis, leading to inhibition of mTORC1 and cancer cell growth arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Guoli Zhou
- Biomedical Research Informatics Core, Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Aaron Lotvola
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
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55
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Bardova K, Funda J, Pohl R, Cajka T, Hensler M, Kuda O, Janovska P, Adamcova K, Irodenko I, Lenkova L, Zouhar P, Horakova O, Flachs P, Rossmeisl M, Colca J, Kopecky J. Additive Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Thiazolidinediones in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet: Triacylglycerol/Fatty Acid Cycling in Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123737. [PMID: 33291653 PMCID: PMC7761951 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega-3) and anti-diabetic drugs thiazolidinediones (TZDs) exhibit additive effects in counteraction of dietary obesity and associated metabolic dysfunctions in mice. The underlying mechanisms need to be clarified. Here, we aimed to learn whether the futile cycle based on the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol and re-esterification of fatty acids (TAG/FA cycling) in white adipose tissue (WAT) could be involved. We compared Omega-3 (30 mg/g diet) and two different TZDs—pioglitazone (50 mg/g diet) and a second-generation TZD, MSDC-0602K (330 mg/g diet)—regarding their effects in C57BL/6N mice fed an obesogenic high-fat (HF) diet for 8 weeks. The diet was supplemented or not by the tested compound alone or with the two TZDs combined individually with Omega-3. Activity of TAG/FA cycle in WAT was suppressed by the obesogenic HF diet. Additive effects in partial rescue of TAG/FA cycling in WAT were observed with both combined interventions, with a stronger effect of Omega-3 and MSDC-0602K. Our results (i) supported the role of TAG/FA cycling in WAT in the beneficial additive effects of Omega-3 and TZDs on metabolism of diet-induced obese mice, and (ii) showed differential modulation of WAT gene expression and metabolism by the two TZDs, depending also on Omega-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Bardova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Jiri Funda
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Radek Pohl
- NMR Spectroscopy, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemmingovo Namesti 542/2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic;
- Laboratory of Translational Metabolism, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hensler
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Laboratory of Metabolism of Bioactive Lipids, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic;
| | - Petra Janovska
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Katerina Adamcova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Ilaria Irodenko
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Lucie Lenkova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Petr Zouhar
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Olga Horakova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Pavel Flachs
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Jerry Colca
- Cirius Therapeutics, Kalamazoo, MI 490 07, USA;
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-296442554; Fax: +420-296442599
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56
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Veliova M, Ferreira CM, Benador IY, Jones AE, Mahdaviani K, Brownstein AJ, Desousa BR, Acín-Pérez R, Petcherski A, Assali EA, Stiles L, Divakaruni AS, Prentki M, Corkey BE, Liesa M, Oliveira MF, Shirihai OS. Blocking mitochondrial pyruvate import in brown adipocytes induces energy wasting via lipid cycling. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49634. [PMID: 33275313 PMCID: PMC7726774 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined fatty acid esterification and lipolysis, termed lipid cycling, is an ATP‐consuming process that contributes to energy expenditure. Therefore, interventions that stimulate energy expenditure through lipid cycling are of great interest. Here we find that pharmacological and genetic inhibition of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) in brown adipocytes activates lipid cycling and energy expenditure, even in the absence of adrenergic stimulation. We show that the resulting increase in ATP demand elevates mitochondrial respiration coupled to ATP synthesis and fueled by lipid oxidation. We identify that glutamine consumption and the Malate‐Aspartate Shuttle are required for the increase in Energy Expenditure induced by MPC inhibition in Brown Adipocytes (MAShEEBA). We thus demonstrate that energy expenditure through enhanced lipid cycling can be activated in brown adipocytes by decreasing mitochondrial pyruvate availability. We present a new mechanism to increase energy expenditure and fat oxidation in brown adipocytes, which does not require adrenergic stimulation of mitochondrial uncoupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Veliova
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caroline M Ferreira
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ilan Y Benador
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Nutrition and Metabolism, Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony E Jones
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kiana Mahdaviani
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra J Brownstein
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular Cellular Integrative Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brandon R Desousa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rebeca Acín-Pérez
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anton Petcherski
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Essam A Assali
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marc Prentki
- Department of Nutrition, , Université de Montréal, Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Barbara E Corkey
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marcus F Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Nutrition and Metabolism, Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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57
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Huang J, Feng X, Zhu R, Guo D, Wei Y, Cao X, Ma Y, Shi D. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals that PCK1 is a potential gene affecting IMF deposition in buffalo. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:710. [PMID: 33045988 PMCID: PMC7552535 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07120-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, although buffaloes are abundant, beef is mainly obtained from cattle, and this preference is mainly attributed to the low intramuscular fat (IMF) content of buffalo. Genetic factors are an important driver that affects IMF deposition. RESULTS To reveal the intrinsic factors responsible for the low IMF content of buffalo, mRNA expression patterns in muscle and adipose tissue between buffalo and cattle were characterized by RNA sequencing analysis. The IMF content in Nanyang cattle was higher than that in Xinyang buffalo. A total of 1566 mRNAs expressed in adipose tissue showed differential expression between the longissimus dorsi muscles of buffalo and cattle. Functional annotation suggested a difference in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway between the two species. The results of RT-qPCR analysis and gain-of-function experiments confirmed the positive association between the IMF content and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) expression in buffalo. In both mouse C2C12 cells and cultured bovine myocytes, the activity of the PCK1 promoter in buffalo is lower than that in cattle. However, in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes and cultured bovine adipocytes, the activity of PCK1 in buffalo promoter is higher than that in cattle. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the important role of PCK1 in buffalo IMF deposition and illustrate the differences between buffalo and cattle promoter activity that drive PCK1 expression. This research helps to establish a foundation for further studies investigating IMF deposition in buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China.
| | - Xue Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Ruirui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Duo Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Yutong Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaodan Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Yun Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China.,School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
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58
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Hui S, Cowan AJ, Zeng X, Yang L, TeSlaa T, Li X, Bartman C, Zhang Z, Jang C, Wang L, Lu W, Rojas J, Baur J, Rabinowitz JD. Quantitative Fluxomics of Circulating Metabolites. Cell Metab 2020; 32:676-688.e4. [PMID: 32791100 PMCID: PMC7544659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian organs are nourished by nutrients carried by the blood circulation. These nutrients originate from diet and internal stores, and can undergo various interconversions before their eventual use as tissue fuel. Here we develop isotope tracing, mass spectrometry, and mathematical analysis methods to determine the direct sources of circulating nutrients, their interconversion rates, and eventual tissue-specific contributions to TCA cycle metabolism. Experiments with fifteen nutrient tracers enabled extensive accounting for both circulatory metabolic cycles and tissue TCA inputs, across fed and fasted mice on either high-carbohydrate or ketogenic diet. We find that a majority of circulating carbon flux is carried by two major cycles: glucose-lactate and triglyceride-glycerol-fatty acid. Futile cycling through these pathways is prominent when dietary content of the associated nutrients is low, rendering internal metabolic activity robust to food choice. The presented in vivo flux quantification methods are broadly applicable to different physiological and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Hui
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Alexis J Cowan
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Xianfeng Zeng
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Tara TeSlaa
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Li
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Caroline Bartman
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Zhaoyue Zhang
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Wenyun Lu
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jennifer Rojas
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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Dynamic changes in DICER levels in adipose tissue control metabolic adaptations to exercise. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23932-23941. [PMID: 32900951 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011243117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DICER is a key enzyme in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. Here we show that aerobic exercise training up-regulates DICER in adipose tissue of mice and humans. This can be mimicked by infusion of serum from exercised mice into sedentary mice and depends on AMPK-mediated signaling in both muscle and adipocytes. Adipocyte DICER is required for whole-body metabolic adaptations to aerobic exercise training, in part, by allowing controlled substrate utilization in adipose tissue, which, in turn, supports skeletal muscle function. Exercise training increases overall miRNA expression in adipose tissue, and up-regulation of miR-203-3p limits glycolysis in adipose under conditions of metabolic stress. We propose that exercise training-induced DICER-miR-203-3p up-regulation in adipocytes is a key adaptive response that coordinates signals from working muscle to promote whole-body metabolic adaptations.
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60
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Adipogenic commitment induced by green tea polyphenols remodel adipocytes to a thermogenic phenotype. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 83:108429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Louisse J, Rijkers D, Stoopen G, Janssen A, Staats M, Hoogenboom R, Kersten S, Peijnenburg A. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) increase triglyceride levels and decrease cholesterogenic gene expression in human HepaRG liver cells. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3137-3155. [PMID: 32588087 PMCID: PMC7415755 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are omnipresent in the environment, food chain, and humans. Epidemiological studies have shown a positive association between serum levels of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), and increased serum cholesterol and, in some cases, also triglyceride levels. However, causality has been questioned, as animal studies, as well as a human trial, showed a decrease in serum cholesterol and no effects or a decrease in plasma triglycerides. To obtain more insight into the effects of PFASs on these processes, the present study investigated the effects of PFOA, PFOS, and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) on intracellular triglyceride and cholesterol levels in human HepaRG liver cells. DNA microarray analyses were performed to provide insight into underlying mechanisms. All PFASs induced an increase in cellular triglyceride levels, but had no effect on cholesterol levels. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of the microarray data indicated that gene sets related to cholesterol biosynthesis were repressed by PFOA, PFOS, and PFNA. Other gene sets commonly affected by all PFAS were related to PERK/ATF4 signaling (induced), tRNA amino-acylation (induced), amino acid transport (induced), and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (repressed). Moreover, numerous target genes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) were found to be upregulated. Altogether, the present study shows that PFOA, PFOS, and PFNA increase triglyceride levels and inhibit cholesterogenic gene expression in HepaRG cells. In addition, the present study indicates that PFASs induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, which may be an important mechanism underlying some of the toxic effects of these chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochem Louisse
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Deborah Rijkers
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Stoopen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aafke Janssen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Staats
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Hoogenboom
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ad Peijnenburg
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
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MAPK-interacting kinase 2 (MNK2) regulates adipocyte metabolism independently of its catalytic activity. Biochem J 2020; 477:2735-2754. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-interacting kinases (MNKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that are activated by the ERK1/2 (extracellular regulated kinase) and p38α/β MAPK pathways. The MNKs have previously been implicated in metabolic disease and shown to mediate diet-induced obesity. In particular, knockout of MNK2 in mice protects from the weight gain induced by a high-fat diet. These and other data suggest that MNK2 regulates the expansion of adipose tissue (AT), a stable, long-term energy reserve that plays an important role in regulating whole-body energy homeostasis. Using the well-established mouse 3T3-L1 in vitro model of adipogenesis, the role of the MNKs in adipocyte differentiation and lipid storage was investigated. Inhibition of MNK activity using specific inhibitors failed to impair adipogenesis or lipid accumulation, suggesting that MNK activity is not required for adipocyte differentiation and does not regulate lipid storage. However, small-interfering RNA (siRNA) knock-down of MNK2 did reduce lipid accumulation and regulated the levels of two major lipogenic transcriptional regulators, ChREBP (carbohydrate response element-binding protein) and LPIN1 (Lipin-1). These factors are responsible for controlling the expression of genes for proteins involved in de novo lipogenesis and triglyceride synthesis. The knock-down of MNK2 also increased the expression of hormone-sensitive lipase which catalyses the breakdown of triglyceride. These findings identify MNK2 as a regulator of adipocyte metabolism, independently of its catalytic activity, and reveal some of the mechanisms by which MNK2 drives AT expansion. The development of an MNK2-targeted therapy may, therefore, be a useful intervention for reducing weight caused by excessive nutrient intake.
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da Silva IV, Cardoso C, Méndez-Giménez L, Camoes SP, Frühbeck G, Rodríguez A, Miranda JP, Soveral G. Aquaporin-7 and aquaporin-12 modulate the inflammatory phenotype of endocrine pancreatic beta-cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 691:108481. [PMID: 32735865 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate water and glycerol movement across membranes. AQP7 is the main aquaglyceroporin in pancreatic β-cells and was proposed to play a role in insulin exocytosis. Although AQP7-null mice display adult-onset obesity, impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance, AQP7 loss-of-function homozygous mutations in humans do not correlate with obesity nor type-2 diabetes. In addition, AQP12 is upregulated in pancreatitis. However, the implication of this isoform in endocrine pancreas inflammation is still unclear. Here, we investigated AQP7 and AQP12 involvement in cellular and inflammatory processes using RIN-m5F beta cells, a model widely used for their high insulin secretion. AQP7 and AQP12 expression were directly associated with cell proliferation, adhesion and migration. While tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)-induced inflammation impaired AQP7 expression and drastically reduced insulin secretion, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) prompted AQP7 upregulation, and both TNFα and LPS upregulated AQP12. Importantly, cells overexpressing AQP12 are more resistant to inflammation, revealing lower levels of proinflammatory markers. Altogether, these data document AQP7 involvement in insulin secretion and AQP12 implication in inflammation, highlighting their fundamental role in pancreatic β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Vieira da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cardoso
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal; Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. Joaquim Chaves, 1495-068, Algés, Portugal
| | - Leire Méndez-Giménez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sérgio Povoas Camoes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Toxicological and Bromatological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joana Paiva Miranda
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Toxicological and Bromatological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.
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64
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Patterson Rosa L, Mallicote MF, Long MT, Brooks SA. Metabogenomics reveals four candidate regions involved in the pathophysiology of Equine Metabolic Syndrome. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 53:101620. [PMID: 32659253 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An analogous condition to human metabolic syndrome, Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) is defined by several clinical signs including obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and peripheral insulin dysregulation (ID). Affected horses may also exhibit hypertension, hyperlipemia and systemic inflammation. Measures of ID typically comprise the gold-standard for diagnosis in veterinary care. Yet, the dynamic nature of insulin homeostasis and complex procedures of typical assays make accurate quantification of ID and EMS challenging. This work aimed to investigate new strategies for identification of biochemical markers and correlated genes in EMS. To quantify EMS risk within this population, we utilized a composite score derived from nine common diagnostic variables. We applied a global liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy approach (HPLC/MS) to whole plasma collected from 49 Arabian horses, resulting in 3392 high-confidence features and identification of putative metabolites in public databases. We performed a genome wide association analysis with genotypes from the 670k Affymetrix Equine SNP array utilizing EMS-correlated metabolites as phenotypes. We discovered four metabolite features significantly correlated with EMS score (P < 1.474 × 10-5). GWAs for these features results (P = 6.787 × 10-7, Bonferroni) identified four unique candidate regions (r2 > 0.4) containing 63 genes. Significant genomic markers capture 43.52% of the variation in the original EMS score phenotype. The identified genomic loci provide insight into the pathways controlling variation in EMS and the origin of genetic predisposition to the condition. Rapid, feasible and accurate diagnostic tools derived from metabogenomics can be translated into measurable benefits in the timeline and quality of preventative management practices to preserve health in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Patterson Rosa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America, PO Box 110910, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Martha F Mallicote
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100136, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Maureen T Long
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100123, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Samantha A Brooks
- Department of Animal Sciences and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America, PO Box 110910, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Reilly SM, Hung CW, Ahmadian M, Zhao P, Keinan O, Gomez AV, DeLuca JH, Dadpey B, Lu D, Zaid J, Poirier B, Peng X, Yu RT, Downes M, Liddle C, Evans RM, Murphy AN, Saltiel AR. Catecholamines suppress fatty acid re-esterification and increase oxidation in white adipocytes via STAT3. Nat Metab 2020; 2:620-634. [PMID: 32694788 PMCID: PMC7384260 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Catecholamines stimulate the mobilization of stored triglycerides in adipocytes to provide fatty acids (FAs) for other tissues. However, a large proportion is taken back up and either oxidized or re-esterified. What controls the disposition of these FAs in adipocytes remains unknown. Here, we report that catecholamines redirect FAs for oxidation through the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Adipocyte STAT3 is phosphorylated upon activation of β-adrenergic receptors, and in turn suppresses FA re-esterification to promote FA oxidation. Adipocyte-specific Stat3 KO mice exhibit normal rates of lipolysis, but exhibit defective lipolysis-driven oxidative metabolism, resulting in reduced energy expenditure and increased adiposity when they are on a high-fat diet. This previously unappreciated, non-genomic role of STAT3 explains how sympathetic activation can increase both lipolysis and FA oxidation in adipocytes, revealing a new regulatory axis in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Reilly
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Chao-Wei Hung
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maryam Ahmadian
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Omer Keinan
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew V Gomez
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Julia H DeLuca
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benyamin Dadpey
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Donald Lu
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Zaid
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - BreAnne Poirier
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoling Peng
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anne N Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Cytokinetics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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66
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Gonzalez-Gil AM, Elizondo-Montemayor L. The Role of Exercise in the Interplay between Myokines, Hepatokines, Osteokines, Adipokines, and Modulation of Inflammation for Energy Substrate Redistribution and Fat Mass Loss: A Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1899. [PMID: 32604889 PMCID: PMC7353393 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is an effective strategy for preventing and treating obesity and its related cardiometabolic disorders, resulting in significant loss of body fat mass, white adipose tissue browning, redistribution of energy substrates, optimization of global energy expenditure, enhancement of hypothalamic circuits that control appetite-satiety and energy expenditure, and decreased systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. Novel exercise-inducible soluble factors, including myokines, hepatokines, and osteokines, and immune cytokines and adipokines are hypothesized to play an important role in the body's response to exercise. To our knowledge, no review has provided a comprehensive integrative overview of these novel molecular players and the mechanisms involved in the redistribution of metabolic fuel during and after exercise, the loss of weight and fat mass, and reduced inflammation. In this review, we explain the potential role of these exercise-inducible factors, namely myokines, such as irisin, IL-6, IL-15, METRNL, BAIBA, and myostatin, and hepatokines, in particular selenoprotein P, fetuin A, FGF21, ANGPTL4, and follistatin. We also describe the function of osteokines, specifically osteocalcin, and of adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin. We also emphasize an integrative overview of the pleiotropic mechanisms, the metabolic pathways, and the inter-organ crosstalk involved in energy expenditure, fat mass loss, reduced inflammation, and healthy weight induced by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M. Gonzalez-Gil
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico;
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico
| | - Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico;
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, San Pedro Garza Garcia P.C. 66278, Mexico
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67
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Oikonomou E, Kostopoulou E, Rojas-Gil AP, Georgiou G, Spiliotis BE. The metabolic implications of aquaporin 7 (AQP7) promoter variants in lean children and children with obesity. Hormones (Athens) 2020; 19:187-195. [PMID: 32146590 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-020-00184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE AQP7, a water/glycerol transporting protein, regulates adipocyte glycerol efflux and influences lipid and glucose homeostasis. Altered AQP7 expression in adults leads to impaired glycerol dynamics, adipocyte hypertrophy, and a predisposition to obesity and diabetes. AQP7 gene promoter variants lead to impaired AQP7-mediated adipocyte glycerol efflux and adipocyte hypertrophy. To assess its possible involvement in childhood obesity and metabolic abnormalities, the AQP7 promoter was studied in order to identify possible mutations and/or polymorphisms in children. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood of 61 lean children (BMI < 85%) (46 prepubertal and 15 pubertal) and 41 children with obesity (BMI > 95%) (22 prepubertal and 19 pubertal). The samples were sequenced for AQP7 promoter region - 2580 (2421) to - 1161 (3840) using Automated Sanger sequence analysis. RESULTS One novel mutation -2185 (T2816A) was found in an obese prepubertal child with low AQP7 mRNA expression, high levels of serum glycerol, and low serum insulin levels. The novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) - 2291 (A2710G), - 2219 (C2782A), - 2091 (C2910A), and - 1932 (G3069A) were identified, together with the previously described SNP - 1884 (C3117T), rs3758268. The heterozygous state and the recessive allele of all four SNPs were related to a positive family history of diabetes mellitus type 2 (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The novel mutation - 2185 (T2816A) might be associated with the lower gene expression of AQP7 and high levels of serum glycerol that possibly contribute to the obese phenotype. The heterozygous genotype of the four SNPs - 2291 (A2710G), - 2219 (C2782A), - 2091 (C2910A), and - 1884 (C3117T) in children may be related to a familial predisposition to diabetes mellitus type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Oikonomou
- Department of Paediatrics, Research Laboratory of the Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Patras School of Medicine, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Eirini Kostopoulou
- Department of Paediatrics, Research Laboratory of the Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Patras School of Medicine, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Andrea Paola Rojas-Gil
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Tripoli, Lakonias, Greece
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Karamandaneio Children's Hospital, Patras, Greece
| | - Bessie E Spiliotis
- Department of Paediatrics, Research Laboratory of the Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Patras School of Medicine, 26504, Patras, Greece.
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68
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Chen H, Nie Q, Hu J, Huang X, Huang W, Nie S. Metabolism amelioration of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide on type II diabetic rats. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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69
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Rahimi L, Rajpal A, Ismail-Beigi F. Glucocorticoid-Induced Fatty Liver Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1133-1145. [PMID: 32368109 PMCID: PMC7171875 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s247379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly used at high doses and for prolonged periods (weeks to months) in the treatment of a variety of diseases. Among the many side effects are increased insulin resistance with disturbances in glucose/insulin homeostasis and increased deposition of lipids (mostly triglycerides) in the liver. Here, we review the metabolic pathways of lipid deposition and removal from the liver that become altered by excess glucocorticoids. Pathways of lipid deposition stimulated by excess glucocorticoids include 1) increase in appetite and high caloric intake; 2) increased blood glucose levels due to GC-induced stimulation of gluconeogenesis; 3) stimulation of de novo lipogenesis that is augmented by the high glucose and insulin levels and by GC itself; and 4) increased release of free fatty acids from adipose stores and stimulation of their uptake by the liver. Pathways that decrease hepatic lipids affected by glucocorticoids include a modest stimulation of very-low-density lipoprotein synthesis and secretion into the circulation and inhibition of β-oxidation of fatty acids. Role of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases-1 and -2 and the reversible conversion of cortisol to cortisone on intracellular levels of cortisol is examined. In addition, GC control of osteocalcin expression and the effect of this bone-derived hormone in increasing insulin sensitivity are discussed. Finally, research focused on gaining a better understanding of the dose and duration of treatment with glucocorticoids, which leads to increased triglyceride deposition in the liver, and the reversibility of the condition is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Rahimi
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aman Rajpal
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Faramarz Ismail-Beigi
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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70
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Jannat Ali Pour N, Meshkani R, Toolabi K, Mohassel Azadi S, Zand S, Emamgholipour S. Adipose tissue mRNA expression of HDAC1, HDAC3 and HDAC9 in obese women in relation to obesity indices and insulin resistance. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3459-3468. [PMID: 32277440 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It is well-established that an impaired adipose tissue function and morphology caused by a dysregulated gene expression contribute substantially to obesity. Nowadays, animal model studies and in vitro surveys provide evidence for possible roles of HDACs as emerging epigenetic players in the pathogenesis of obesity. However, the clinical pertinence of HDACs in the field of obesity research in humans is not yet obvious. Here, we investigated mRNA expression of HDAC1, 3 and 9 in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of obese female participants (n = 20) and normal-weight women (n = 19). We also evaluated the association of the afore-mentioned HDACs gene expression with obesity indices, insulin resistance parameters, and other obesity-related characteristics. Our data revealed the mRNA level of HDAC1 was significantly decreased in both VAT and SAT of obese women, compared to controls. Moreover, the SAT mRNA expression of HDAC3 and VAT mRNA levels of HDAC9 were significantly lower in obese subjects than those found in controls. We observed that HDAC1 and HDAC3 expression in adipose tissue from the whole population is inversely correlated with obesity indices; BMI, waist, hip and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Moreover, we found that HDAC3 expression in adipose tissue had an inverse correlation with HOMA-IR, insulin levels, and serum concentration of hs-CRP. Moreover, VAT HDAC9 mRNA level is inversely correlated with obesity indices; BMI, waist, hip and WHtR and with HOMA-IR, insulin levels, and serum concentration of hs-CRP. Hence, it seems that decreased HDAC1,3 and 9 mRNA expression in adipose tissue might be associated with obesity and related abnormalities. However, more studies are needed to establish this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Jannat Ali Pour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karamollah Toolabi
- Department of Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mohassel Azadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahabedin Zand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Paul A, Srivastava S, Roy R, Anand A, Gaurav K, Husain N, Jain S, Sonkar AA. Malignancy prediction among tissues from Oral SCC patients including neck invasions: a 1H HRMAS NMR based metabolomic study. Metabolomics 2020; 16:38. [PMID: 32162079 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral cancer is a sixth commonly occurring cancer globally. The use of tobacco and alcohol consumption are being considered as the major risk factors for oral cancer. The metabolic profiling of tissue specimens for developing carcinogenic perturbations will allow better prognosis. OBJECTIVES To profile and generate precise 1H HRMAS NMR spectral and quantitative statistical models of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in tissue specimens including tumor, bed, margin and facial muscles. To apply the model in blinded prediction of malignancy among oral and neck tissues in an unknown set of patients suffering from OSCC along with neck invasion. METHODS Statistical models of 1H HRMAS NMR spectral data on 180 tissues comprising tumor, margin and bed from 43 OSCC patients were performed. The combined metabolites, lipids spectral intensity and concentration-based malignancy prediction models were proposed. Further, 64 tissue specimens from twelve patients, including neck invasions, were tested for malignancy in a blinded manner. RESULTS Forty-eight metabolites including lipids have been quantified in tumor and adjacent tissues. All metabolites other than lipids were found to be upregulated in malignant tissues except for ambiguous glucose. All of three prediction models have successfully identified malignancy status among blinded set of 64 tissues from 12 OSCC patients with an accuracy of above 90%. CONCLUSION The efficiency of the models in malignancy prediction based on tumor induced metabolic perturbations supported by histopathological validation may revolutionize the OSCC assessment. Further, the results may enable machine learning to trace tumor induced altered metabolic pathways for better pattern recognition. Thus, it complements the newly developed REIMS-MS iKnife real time precession during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Paul
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Formerly Centre of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (CBMR), Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, University Road, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Shatakshi Srivastava
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Formerly Centre of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (CBMR), Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, India
- Apeejay Stya University, Sohna, Gurugram, 122103, Haryana, India
| | - Raja Roy
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Formerly Centre of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (CBMR), Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, India.
| | - Akshay Anand
- Department of General Surgery, Kings George's Medical (KGMU), Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Kushagra Gaurav
- Department of General Surgery, Kings George's Medical (KGMU), Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Nuzhat Husain
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, 226010, India
| | - Sudha Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, University Road, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Abhinav A Sonkar
- Department of General Surgery, Kings George's Medical (KGMU), Lucknow, 226003, India.
- Department of General Surgery, King Georges Medical College (KGMU), Lucknow, 226001, India.
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Bittel AJ, Bittel DC, Mittendorfer B, Patterson BW, Okunade AL, Yoshino J, Porter LC, Abumrad NA, Reeds DN, Cade WT. A single bout of resistance exercise improves postprandial lipid metabolism in overweight/obese men with prediabetes. Diabetologia 2020; 63:611-623. [PMID: 31873788 PMCID: PMC7002271 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-05070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Prediabetes is associated with postprandial hypertriacylglycerolaemia. Resistance exercise acutely lowers postprandial plasma triacylglycerol (TG); however, the changes in lipid metabolism that mediate this reduction are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify the constitutive metabolic mechanisms underlying the changes in postprandial lipid metabolism after resistance exercise in obese men with prediabetes. METHODS We evaluated the effect of a single bout of whole-body resistance exercise (seven exercises, three sets, 10-12 repetitions at 80% of one-repetition maximum) on postprandial lipid metabolism in ten middle-aged (50 ± 9 years), overweight/obese (BMI: 33 ± 3 kg/m2), sedentary men with prediabetes (HbA1c >38 but <48 mmol/mol [>5.7% but <6.5%]), or fasting plasma glucose >5.6 mmol/l but <7.0 mmol/l or 2 h OGTT glucose >7.8 mmol/l but <11.1 mmol/l). We used a randomised, crossover design with a triple-tracer mixed meal test (ingested [(13C4)3]tripalmitin, i.v. [U-13C16]palmitate and [2H5]glycerol) to evaluate chylomicron-TG and total triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein (TRL)-TG kinetics. We used adipose tissue and skeletal muscle biopsies to evaluate the expression of genes regulating lipolysis and lipid oxidation, skeletal muscle respirometry to evaluate oxidative capacity, and indirect calorimetry to assess whole-body lipid oxidation. RESULTS The single bout of resistance exercise reduced the lipaemic response to a mixed meal in obese men with prediabetes without changing chylomicron-TG or TRL-TG fractional clearance rates. However, resistance exercise reduced endogenous and meal-derived fatty acid incorporation into chylomicron-TG and TRL-TG. Resistance exercise also increased whole-body lipid oxidation, skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration, oxidative gene expression in skeletal muscle, and the expression of key lipolysis genes in adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION A single bout of resistance exercise improves postprandial lipid metabolism in obese men with prediabetes, which may mitigate the risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Bittel
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St Louis, Campus Box 8502, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Daniel C Bittel
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St Louis, Campus Box 8502, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bettina Mittendorfer
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce W Patterson
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adewole L Okunade
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jun Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lane C Porter
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nada A Abumrad
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dominic N Reeds
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - W Todd Cade
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St Louis, Campus Box 8502, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Lorenzetti F, Capiglioni AM, Marinelli RA, Carrillo MC, Alvarez MDL. Hepatic glycerol metabolism is early reprogrammed in rat liver cancer development. Biochimie 2020; 170:88-93. [PMID: 31923480 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Evidence shows that oral glycerol supplementation during the early stages of rat liver cancer reduces the growth of preneoplastic lesions. Besides, human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells display decreased expression of glycerol channel aquaporin 9 (AQP9) and also diminished glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) content. According to this, we analyzed glycerol metabolism during the initial stages of rat liver carcinogenesis. Wistar rats were subjected to a 2-phase model of hepatocarcinogenesis (initiated-promoted, IP group) or left untreated (control, C group). Different features of glycerol metabolism were compared between both groups. IP animals showed increased plasma free glycerol levels and liver AQP9 protein expression. Also, IP rats showed increased glycerol kinase (GK) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) hepatic activities. Gluconeogenesis from glycerol both in vivo and in isolated perfused liver was higher in rats having liver preneoplasia. Nevertheless, preneoplastic foci notably reduced AQP9 and GK protein expressions, displaying a reduced ability to import glycerol and to convert it into G3P, as a way to preserve preneoplastic hepatocytes from the deleterious effect of G3P. In conclusion, the metabolic shift that takes place in the initial stages of liver cancer development comprises an increased hepatic utilization of glycerol for gluconeogenesis. Enhanced glucose production from glycerol is mostly carried out by the surrounding non-preneoplastic tissue and can be used as an energy source for the early transformed liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Lorenzetti
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 570, S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Alejo M Capiglioni
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 570, S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Raúl A Marinelli
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 570, S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - María Cristina Carrillo
- Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Argentina.
| | - María de Luján Alvarez
- Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Argentina; Universidad Abierta Interamericana - Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Argentina.
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Cruz MM, Simão JJ, de Sá RDCC, Farias TSM, da Silva VS, Abdala F, Antraco VJ, Armelin-Correa L, Alonso-Vale MIC. Palmitoleic Acid Decreases Non-alcoholic Hepatic Steatosis and Increases Lipogenesis and Fatty Acid Oxidation in Adipose Tissue From Obese Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:537061. [PMID: 33117273 PMCID: PMC7561405 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.537061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7), a monounsaturated fatty acid, increases the metabolic and oxidative capacity of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Herein, the effect of 16:1n7 supplementation on metabolic parameters on white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver of obese mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) was addressed by analyzing metabolic (dys)function and altered genes expression in adipose tissue, as well as liver and serum biochemistry analysis. For this purpose, mice were induced to obesity for 8 weeks, and from the 5th week, they received 16:1n7 (300 mg/kg per day) or water for 30 days, by gavage. Subcutaneous inguinal (ING) and epididymal (EPI) WAT were removed for analysis of metabolic, (anti)inflammatory, adipogenic, and thermogenic genes expression by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, metabolic activities of isolated adipocytes, such as glucose uptake, lipogenesis (triacylglycerol esterification), β-oxidation, and lipolysis in ING adipocytes, were also assessed. Despite the higher fat intake, the HFD group showed lower food intake but higher body weight, increased glucose, significant dyslipidemia, and increased liver and adipose depot mass, accompanied by liver steatosis. The 16:1n7 supplementation slowed down the body mass gain and prevented the increase of lipids in the liver. HFD+n7 animals presented increased fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis compared to control, but no effect was observed on lipolysis and glucose uptake in ING isolated adipocytes. Besides, 16:1n7 increased the content of the mRNA encoding FABP4, but partially prevented the expression of genes encoding ATGL, HSL, perilipin, lipin, C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, C/EBP-β, CPT1, NRF1, TFAM, PRDM16, and nitric oxide synthase 2 in ING depot from HFD group of animals. Finally, HFD increased Mcp1 and Tnfα expression, and 16:1n7 promoted a more marked increase in it. In summary, the data show that palmitoleic acid promotes metabolic changes and partially prevents the increase in gene expression on adipocytes triggered by obesity, suggesting that HFD+n7 animals do not require the same magnitude of metabolic adaptation to cope with energy demand from the HFD. In the long term, the effects of 16:1n7 may be more evident and beneficial for the function/dysfunction of WAT from an obese organism, with relevant repercussions in the systemic metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa M. Cruz
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Jussara J. Simão
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Roberta D. C. C. de Sá
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Talita S. M. Farias
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Viviane S. da Silva
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Abdala
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Vitor J. Antraco
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Lucia Armelin-Correa
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel C. Alonso-Vale
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maria Isabel C. Alonso-Vale
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Impact of skeletal muscle IL-6 on subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue metabolism immediately after high- and moderate-intensity exercises. Pflugers Arch 2019; 472:217-233. [PMID: 31781893 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue is a major energy reserve for the body and is essential for providing fatty acids for other tissues when needed. Skeletal muscle interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been shown to be secreted from the working muscle and has been suggested to signal to adipose tissue and enhance lipolysis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of skeletal muscle IL-6 in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) lipolysis and glyceroneogenesis with prolonged moderate-intensity exercise and high-intensity exercise in mice. Female inducible muscle-specific IL-6 knockout (IL-6 iMKO) mice and littermate control (Floxed) mice performed a single exercise bout for either 120 min at 16 m/min and 10° slope (moderate intensity) or 30 min at 20 m/min and 10° slope (high intensity), or they remained rested (rest). Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues, quadriceps muscles, and blood were quickly obtained. Plasma IL-6 increased in Floxed mice but not in IL-6 iMKO mice with high-intensity exercise. VAT signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3Tyr705 phosphorylation was lower, and VAT hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)Ser563 phosphorylation was higher in IL-6 iMKO mice than in Floxed mice at rest. Furthermore, HSLSer563 and HSLSer660 phosphorylation increased in VAT and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase protein decreased in SAT with moderate-intensity exercise in both genotypes. On the other hand, both exercise protocols increased pyruvate dehydrogenaseSer232 phosphorylation in VAT only in IL-6 iMKO mice and decreased tumor necrosis factor-α messenger RNA in SAT and VAT only in Floxed mice. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that skeletal muscle IL-6 regulates markers of lipolysis in VAT in the basal state and pyruvate availability for glyceroneogenesis in VAT with exercise. Moreover, skeletal muscle IL-6 may contribute to exercise-induced anti-inflammatory effects in SAT and VAT.
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Marcondes-de-Mello MLDF, Serafim-Costa MC, Alves-E-Silva MM, Oliveira NR, Bertolucci-Caldo NV, Ferraz RK, Chaves VE. Effect of glucocorticoids on glyceroneogenesis in adipose tissue: A systematic review. Biochimie 2019; 168:210-219. [PMID: 31759936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Glyceroneogenesis is important for the maintenance of fat content in white adipose tissue (WAT). An increase in WAT, and especially the pattern of fat distribution, specifically in visceral depots, potentially contributes to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction and hypertension. Recent studies have shown important differences in glyceroneogenesis of different fat sites under the administration of glucocorticoids (GCs). Such differences need to be analysed with criteria evidencing the parameter studied, the type of corticoid, the form of administration and also the tissue studied. PubMed, Scopus and Virtual Health Library were used to search for articles that analysed the effect of GCs on glyceroneogenesis in different sites of adipose tissue in mammals and primary cultures. GCs decrease the glyceroneogenesis in epididymal WAT (EWAT) and also decrease the expression of the mRNA, content and activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C), key enzyme of glyceroneogenesis. However, in retroperitoneal WAT (RWAT), although there is no consensus about the effect of GCs on PEPCK mRNA, GCs increase PEPCK-C activity and glyceroneogenesis flux. In inguinal WAT (IWAT) an in vitro study showed an increase in the PEPCK mRNA induced by dexamethasone. However, prednisolone does not change glyceroneogenesis flux. In interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) prednisolone or dexamethasone does not change PEPCK-C activity in control diet-fed rats but led to a decrease in PEPCK-C activity in fasted- or high-fat/low-carbohydrate diet-fed rats, as well as in suckling rats. Despite that fact that GCs have different potencies, the same dose of dexamethasone reduces PEPCK-C activity in EWAT, but not in RWAT and IBAT from control-diet fed rats. In summary, the data presented in this article show that GCs differentially regulate glyceroneogenesis in different sites of adipose tissue. Further experiments are needed to firmly establish our hypothesis and clarify the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruan Krubniki Ferraz
- Laboratory of Physiology, Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valéria Ernestânia Chaves
- Laboratory of Physiology, Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Vorotnikov AV, Stafeev IS, Menshikov MY, Shestakova MV, Parfyonova YV. Latent Inflammation and Defect in Adipocyte Renewal as a Mechanism of Obesity-Associated Insulin Resistance. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:1329-1345. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919110099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chen H, Zeng F, Li S, Liu Y, Gong S, Lv X, Zhang J, Liu B. Spirulina active substance mediated gut microbes improve lipid metabolism in high-fat diet fed rats. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Keuper M. On the role of macrophages in the control of adipocyte energy metabolism. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:R105-R121. [PMID: 31085768 PMCID: PMC6590200 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The crosstalk between macrophages (MΦ) and adipocytes within white adipose tissue (WAT) influences obesity-associated insulin resistance and other associated metabolic disorders, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. MΦ infiltration is increased in WAT during obesity, which is linked to decreased mitochondrial content and activity. The mechanistic interplay between MΦ and mitochondrial function of adipocytes is under intense investigation, as MΦ and inflammatory pathways exhibit a pivotal role in the reprogramming of WAT metabolism in physiological responses during cold, fasting and exercise. Thus, the underlying immunometabolic pathways may offer therapeutic targets to correct obesity and metabolic disease. Here, I review the current knowledge on the quantity and the quality of human adipose tissue macrophages (ATMΦ) and their impact on the bioenergetics of human adipocytes. The effects of ATMΦ and their secreted factors on mitochondrial function of white adipocytes are discussed, including recent research on MΦ as part of an immune signaling cascade involved in the 'browning' of WAT, which is defined as the conversion from white, energy-storing adipocytes into brown, energy-dissipating adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Keuper
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence should be addressed to M Keuper:
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Zeng Q, Song H, Xu X, Mao W, Xie H, Liang J, Chen X, Chen D, Zhan Y. Health effects of kiwi wine on rats: an untargeted metabolic fingerprint study based on GC-MS/TOF. RSC Adv 2019; 9:13797-13807. [PMID: 35519589 PMCID: PMC9063974 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02138h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Kiwi wine is a popular fermentation product of kiwi fruit in Asian countries. To better understand the potential health effects of kiwi wine, an untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) approach was taken to assess the metabolic fingerprint of rats after dietary ingestion of kiwi wine. 7 differentially expressed endogenous metabolites from serum and 8 from urine were enriched in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism pathway, fat metabolism and other metabolisms and selected from the KEGG. The above results showed that kiwi wine mainly led to a pronounced perturbation of energy metabolism (especially carbohydrate metabolism) during the consumption period. After stopping the supply of kiwi wine 30 days later, 6 and 3 endogenous metabolites from serum and urine respectively were screened and involved in a small part of carbohydrate related amino acid metabolism and fat metabolism, which indicated that the effect of kiwi wine sustained a lasting effect on energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism after stopping the supply. Thus, kiwi wine might have a positive function on health associated with the metabolism of its constituents. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides a nutrition field view for the development of the kiwi wine agricultural industry via an untargeted GC-MS metabolomic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zeng
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University No. 2 South Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710071 China
| | - Hongjin Song
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University No. 2 South Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710071 China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University No. 2 South Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710071 China
| | - Wenjie Mao
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University No. 2 South Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710071 China
| | - Hui Xie
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University No. 2 South Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710071 China
| | - Jimin Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University No. 2 South Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710071 China
| | - Xueli Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University No. 2 South Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710071 China
| | - Dan Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University No. 2 South Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710071 China
| | - Yonghua Zhan
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University No. 2 South Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710071 China
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Poblete-Castro I, Wittmann C, Nikel PI. Biochemistry, genetics and biotechnology of glycerol utilization in Pseudomonas species. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 13:32-53. [PMID: 30883020 PMCID: PMC6922529 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of renewable waste feedstocks is an environment‐friendly choice contributing to the reduction of waste treatment costs and increasing the economic value of industrial by‐products. Glycerol (1,2,3‐propanetriol), a simple polyol compound widely distributed in biological systems, constitutes a prime example of a relatively cheap and readily available substrate to be used in bioprocesses. Extensively exploited as an ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industries, glycerol is also the main by‐product of biodiesel production, which has resulted in a progressive drop in substrate price over the years. Consequently, glycerol has become an attractive substrate in biotechnology, and several chemical commodities currently produced from petroleum have been shown to be obtained from this polyol using whole‐cell biocatalysts with both wild‐type and engineered bacterial strains. Pseudomonas species, endowed with a versatile and rich metabolism, have been adopted for the conversion of glycerol into value‐added products (ranging from simple molecules to structurally complex biopolymers, e.g. polyhydroxyalkanoates), and a number of metabolic engineering strategies have been deployed to increase the number of applications of glycerol as a cost‐effective substrate. The unique genetic and metabolic features of glycerol‐grown Pseudomonas are presented in this review, along with relevant examples of bioprocesses based on this substrate – and the synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies implemented in bacteria of this genus aimed at glycerol valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Poblete-Castro
- Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Christoph Wittmann
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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82
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Aikman B, de Almeida A, Meier-Menches SM, Casini A. Aquaporins in cancer development: opportunities for bioinorganic chemistry to contribute novel chemical probes and therapeutic agents. Metallomics 2019; 10:696-712. [PMID: 29766198 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00072g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane proteins allowing permeation of water, glycerol & hydrogen peroxide across biomembranes, and playing an important role in water homeostasis in different organs, exocrine gland secretion, urine concentration, skin moisturization, fat metabolism and neural signal transduction. Notably, a large number of studies showed that AQPs are closely associated with cancer biological functions and expressed in more than 20 human cancer cell types. Furthermore, AQP expression is positively correlated with tumour types, grades, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, as well as tumour-associated oedema, rendering these membrane channels attractive as both diagnostic and therapeutic targets in cancer. Recent developments in the field of AQPs modulation have identified coordination metal-based complexes as potent and selective inhibitors of aquaglyceroporins, opening new avenues in the application of inorganic compounds in medicine and chemical biology. The present review is aimed at providing an overview on AQP structure and function, mainly in relation to cancer. In this context, the exploration of coordination metal compounds as possible inhibitors of aquaporins may open the way to novel chemical approaches to study AQP roles in tumour growth and potentially to new drug families. Thus, we describe recent results in the field and reflect upon the potential of inorganic chemistry in providing compounds to modulate the activity of "elusive" membrane targets as the aquaporins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brech Aikman
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
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83
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Abstract
Adipose tissue possesses the remarkable capacity to control its size and function in response to a variety of internal and external cues, such as nutritional status and temperature. The regulatory circuits of fuel storage and oxidation in white adipocytes and thermogenic adipocytes (brown and beige adipocytes) play a central role in systemic energy homeostasis, whereas dysregulation of the pathways is closely associated with metabolic disorders and adipose tissue malfunction, including obesity, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and fibrosis. Recent studies have uncovered new regulatory elements that control the above parameters and provide new mechanistic opportunities to reprogram fat cell fate and function. In this Review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of adipocyte metabolism in physiology and disease and also discuss possible strategies to alter fuel utilization in fat cells to improve metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Chouchani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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84
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Sepa-Kishi DM, Jani S, Da Eira D, Ceddia RB. Cold acclimation enhances UCP1 content, lipolysis, and triacylglycerol resynthesis, but not mitochondrial uncoupling and fat oxidation, in rat white adipocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 316:C365-C376. [PMID: 30624981 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00122.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether cold-induced browning of the subcutaneous (Sc) inguinal (Ing) white adipose tissue (WAT) increases the capacity of this tissue to oxidize fatty acids through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-mediated thermogenesis. To accomplish that, rats were acclimated to cold (4°C for 7 days). Subsequently, interscapular and aortic brown adipose tissues (iBAT and aBAT, respectively), epididymal (Epid), and Sc Ing WAT were used for adipocyte isolation. In BAT adipocytes, cold acclimation increased UCP1 content and palmitate oxidation either in the absence or presence of oligomycin, whereas in Sc Ing adipocytes glucose and palmitate oxidation were not affected, although multilocular adipocytes were formed and UCP1 content increased upon cold acclimation in the WAT. Furthermore, isoproterenol-stimulated cold Sc Ing adipocytes exhibited significantly lower rates of palmitate oxidation than control cells when exposed to oligomycin. These findings provide evidence that, despite increasing UCP1 levels, cold acclimation essentially reduced mitochondrial uncoupling-mediated fat oxidation in Sc Ing adipocytes. Conversely, glycerol kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase levels, isoproterenol-induced lipolysis, as well as glycerol and palmitate incorporation into lipids significantly increased in these cells. Therefore, instead of UCP1-mediated mitochondrial uncoupling, cold acclimation increased the capacity of Sc Ing adipocytes to export fatty acids and enhanced key components of the triacylglycerol resynthesis pathway in the Sc Ing WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Sepa-Kishi
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Shailee Jani
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Daniel Da Eira
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Rolando B Ceddia
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
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85
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Beddow SA, Gattu AK, Vatner DF, Paolella L, Alqarzaee A, Tashkandi N, Popov VB, Church CD, Rodeheffer MS, Cline GW, Geisler JG, Bhanot S, Samuel VT. PEPCK1 Antisense Oligonucleotide Prevents Adiposity and Impairs Hepatic Glycogen Synthesis in High-Fat Male Fed Rats. Endocrinology 2019; 160:205-219. [PMID: 30445425 PMCID: PMC6307100 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The increased hepatic gluconeogenesis in type 2 diabetes mellitus has often been ascribed to increased transcription of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cystolic form (PEPCK1), although recent evidence has questioned this attribution. To assess the metabolic role of PEPCK1, we treated regular chow fed and high-fat fed (HFF) male Sprague-Dawley rats with a 2'-O-methoxyethyl chimeric antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) against PEPCK1 and compared them with control ASO-treated rats. PEPCK1 ASO effectively decreased PEPCK1 expression in the liver and white adipose tissue. In chow fed rats, PEPCK1 ASO did not alter adiposity, plasma glucose, or insulin. In contrast, PEPCK1 ASO decreased the white adipose tissue mass in HFF rats but without altering basal rates of lipolysis, de novo lipogenesis, or glyceroneogenesis in vivo. Despite the protection from adiposity, hepatic insulin sensitivity was impaired in HFF PEPCK1 ASO-treated rats. PEPCK1 ASO worsened hepatic steatosis, although without additional impairments in hepatic insulin signaling or activation of inflammatory signals in the liver. Instead, the development of hepatic insulin resistance and the decrease in hepatic glycogen synthesis during a hyperglycemic clamp was attributed to a decrease in hepatic glucokinase (GCK) expression and decreased synthesis of glycogen via the direct pathway. The decrease in GCK expression was associated with increased expression of activating transcription factor 3, a negative regulator of GCK transcription. These studies have demonstrated that PEPCK1 is integral to coordinating cellular metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue, although it does not directly effect hepatic glucose production or adipose glyceroneogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Beddow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Arijeet K Gattu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Daniel F Vatner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lauren Paolella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Nedda Tashkandi
- West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Violeta B Popov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christopher D Church
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Matthew S Rodeheffer
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gary W Cline
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | - Varman T Samuel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
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86
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Yen MC, Chou SK, Kan JY, Kuo PL, Hou MF, Hsu YL. New Insight on Solute Carrier Family 27 Member 6 (SLC27A6) in Tumoral and Non-Tumoral Breast Cells. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:366-375. [PMID: 30911270 PMCID: PMC6428986 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.29946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acids are the most abundant fatty acids and are essential for various physiological processes. Translocation of long-chain fatty acids across cell membrane is dependent on transport proteins. Solute carrier family 27 member 6 (SLC27A6) is a transport protein which mediates long-chain fatty acid uptake. The bioinformatic analysis revealed that the expression of SLC27A6 in non-tumoral breast tissue was higher than that in tumoral breast cancer in clinic samples. When SLC27A6 expression in non-tumorigenic cell H184B5F5/M10 was repressed, the fatty acids uptake capacity and cell proliferation was inhibited, and cell cycle was delayed. The protein expression of cell cycle regulators including cell division protein kinase 4 (CDK4), CDK6, and cyclin D1 was significantly decreased in SLC27A6-silenced H184B5F5/M10. By contrast, relatively low SLC27A6 expression in tumorigenic breast cancer cell Hs578T when compared to H184B5F5/M10. Repressing SLC27A6 expression did not affect these phenotypes in Hs578T. The interaction network of SLC27A6 was further investigated via STRING database. The function of these SLC27A6-associated proteins mainly involved in lipid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolic process, and fatty acid transport. In conclusion, this study reveals inverse correlation between SLC27A6 expression and tumoral tissues and provides a new insight into SLC27A6-mediated cell growth and cell cycle regulation in non-tumorigenic breast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chi Yen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Kai Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yu Kan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Department of Breast Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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87
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Döring S, Seeßle J, Gan-Schreier H, Javaheri B, Jiao L, Cheng Y, Tuma-Kellner S, Liebisch G, Herrmann T, Stremmel W, Chamulitrat W. Elevation of blood lipids in hepatocyte-specific fatty acid transport 4-deficient mice fed with high glucose diets. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126:30-38. [PMID: 30497809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid transport protein4 (FATP4) is upregulated in acquired and central obesity and its polymorphisms are associated with blood lipids and insulin resistance. Patients with FATP4 mutations and mice with global FATP4 deletion exhibit skin abnormalities characterized as ischthyosis prematurity syndrome (IPS). Cumulating data have shown that an absence of FATP4 increases the levels of cellular triglycerides (TG). However, FATP4 role and consequent lipid and TG metabolism in the hepatocyte is still elusive. Here, hepatocyte-specific FATP4 deficient (Fatp4L-/-) mice were generated. When fed with chow, these mutant mice displayed no phenotypes regarding blood lipids. However when fed low-fat/high-sugar (HS) or high-fat/high-sugar (HFS) for 12 weeks, Fatp4L-/- mice showed a significant increase of plasma TG, free fatty acids and glycerol when compared with diet-fed control mice. Interestingly, Fatp4L-/- mice under HS diet had lower body and liver weights and they were not protected from HFS-induced body weight gain and hepatic steatosis. Male mutant mice were more sensitive to HFS diet than female mutant mice. Glucose intolerance was observed only in female Fatp4L-/- mice fed with HS diet. Lipidomics analyses revealed that hepatic phospholipids were not disturbed in mutant mice under both diets. Thus, hepatic FATP4 deletion rendered an increase of blood lipids including glycerol indicating a preferential fatty-acid channeling to TG pools that are specifically available for lipolysis. Our results imply a possible risk of hyperlipidemia as a result of abnormal metabolism in liver in IPS patients with FATP4 mutations who consume high-sugar diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Döring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Seeßle
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hongying Gan-Schreier
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bahador Javaheri
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Li Jiao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Yuting Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Tuma-Kellner
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Herrmann
- Westkuesten Hospital, Esmarchstraße 50, 25746 Heide, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walee Chamulitrat
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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88
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Owens CE, Geiger AJ, Akers RM, Cockrum RR. Varying dietary protein and fat elicits differential transcriptomic expression within stress response pathways in preweaned Holstein heifers. J Dairy Sci 2018; 102:1630-1641. [PMID: 30594381 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increases in milk replacer dietary energy subsequently increase growth and weight in preweaned dairy heifers. However, the underlying effects of dietary component increases on key functional pathways have yet to be fully investigated. Elucidating these relationships may provide insights into the mechanisms through which protein and fat are partitioned for tissue growth and metabolism. We hypothesized that genes within key growth and metabolic pathways would be differentially expressed between calves fed a protein- and fat-restricted diet and calves fed a protein- and fat-enhanced diet. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify genes differentially expressed between dietary restricted calves and enhanced calves and (2) determine the key regulatory pathways influenced by these genes. Preweaned Holstein heifers (n = 12; 6 ± 0.02 d of age) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 milk replacer diets: enhanced (28.9% crude protein, 26.2% fat; n = 6) or restricted (20.9% crude protein, 19.8% fat; n = 6). Growth measures included average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio. After 56 d, calves were killed for tissue collection. Samples from longissimus dorsi, adipose, and liver tissues were collected and RNA was isolated for RNA sequencing analysis. The MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) was used to evaluate relationships of growth with dietary energy. Fixed effects included date of collection and time (day). Random effects included sire and birth weight. The RNA sequencing analysis was performed using CLC Genomics Workbench (Qiagen, Germantown, MD), and the Robinson and Smith exact test was used to identify differentially expressed genes between diets. The Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER) database was then used to identify functional categories of differentially expressed genes. Enhanced calves had increased growth rates and feed efficiency compared with restricted calves (average daily gain = 0.76 and 0.22, respectively; gain-to-feed ratio = 0.10 and 0.06, respectively). There were 238 differentially expressed genes in adipose, 227 in longissimus dorsi, and 40 in liver. We identified 10 genes concordant among tissues. As expected, functional analyses suggested that the majority of genes were associated with metabolic or cellular processes, predominantly cell communication and cell cycle. Overall, it appears that varying levels of dietary protein and fat influence calf growth and development through metabolic processes, including oxidative phosphorylation and glyceroneogenesis. However, protein- and fat-restricted calves appeared to experience metabolic stress at a cellular level, as evidenced by an upregulation in stress response pathways, including genes in the p53 pathway. Calves could be fed at a higher level of protein and fat to decrease the prevalence of metabolic stress at the cellular level, but evidence indicating the presence of inflammatory stress and adipose fibrosis in enhanced calves prompts further investigation of the effects of milk replacer component levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Owens
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - A J Geiger
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - R M Akers
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - R R Cockrum
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061.
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89
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Riis S, Christensen B, Nellemann B, Møller AB, Husted AS, Pedersen SB, Schwartz TW, Jørgensen JOL, Jessen N. Molecular adaptations in human subcutaneous adipose tissue after ten weeks of endurance exercise training in healthy males. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 126:569-577. [PMID: 30571288 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00989.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise training induces adaptations in metabolically active organs, but adaptations in human subcutaneous adipose tissue (scAT) remains incompletely understood. On the basis of animal studies, we hypothesized that endurance exercise training would increase the expression of proteins involved in lipolysis and glucose uptake in scAT. To test these hypotheses, 19 young and healthy males were randomized to either endurance exercise training (TR; age 18-24 yr; BMI 19.0-25.4 kg/m2) or a nonexercising control group (CON; age 21-35 yr; BMI 20.5-28.8 kg/m2). Abdominal subcutaneous fat biopsies and blood were obtained at rest before and after intervention. By using Western blotting and PCR, we determined expression of lipid droplet-associated proteins, various proteins involved in substrate metabolism, and mRNA abundance of cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Adipose tissue insulin sensitivity was determined from fasting plasma insulin and nonesterified fatty acids (adipose tissue insulin resistance index; Adipo-IR). Adipo-IR improved in TR compared with CON ( P = 0.03). This was accompanied by increased insulin receptor (IR) protein expression in scAT with a 1.54-fold (SD 0.79) change from baseline in TR vs. 0.85 (SD 0.30) in CON ( P = 0.007). Additionally, hexokinase II (HKII) and succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A (SDHA) protein increased in TR compared with CON ( P = 0.006 and P = 0.04, respectively). We did not observe changes in lipid droplet-associated proteins or mRNA abundance of GPCRs. Collectively, 10 weeks of endurance exercise training improved adipose tissue insulin sensitivity, which was accompanied by increased IR, HKII, and SDHA protein expression in scAT. We suggest that these adaptations contribute to an improved metabolic flexibility. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to investigate the molecular adaptations in human subcutaneous adipose tissue (scAT) after endurance exercise training compared with a nonexercising control group. We show that endurance exercise training improves insulin sensitivity in human scAT, and this is accompanied by increased expression of insulin receptor, hexokinase II, and succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A. Collectively, our data suggest that endurance exercise training induces molecular adaptations in human scAT, which may contribute to an improved metabolic flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Riis
- Section for Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.,Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Britt Christensen
- Section for Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nellemann
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Andreas Buch Møller
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Anna Sofie Husted
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Steen B Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Thue W Schwartz
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research , Copenhagen , Denmark.,Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | | | - Niels Jessen
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
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90
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Bursać B, Djordjevic A, Veličković N, Milutinović DV, Petrović S, Teofilović A, Gligorovska L, Preitner F, Tappy L, Matić G. Involvement of glucocorticoid prereceptor metabolism and signaling in rat visceral adipose tissue lipid metabolism after chronic stress combined with high-fructose diet. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 476:110-118. [PMID: 29729371 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Both fructose overconsumption and increased glucocorticoids secondary to chronic stress may contribute to overall dyslipidemia. In this study we specifically assessed the effects and interactions of dietary fructose and chronic stress on lipid metabolism in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of male Wistar rats. We analyzed the effects of 9-week 20% high fructose diet and 4-week chronic unpredictable stress, separately and in combination, on VAT histology, glucocorticoid prereceptor metabolism, glucocorticoid receptor subcellular redistribution and expression of major metabolic genes. Blood triglycerides and fatty acid composition were also measured to assess hepatic Δ9 desaturase activity. The results showed that fructose diet increased blood triglycerides and Δ9 desaturase activity. On the other hand, stress led to corticosterone elevation, glucocorticoid receptor activation and decrease in adipocyte size, while phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, adipose tissue triglyceride lipase, FAT/CD36 and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) were increased, pointing to VAT lipolysis and glyceroneogenesis. The combination of stress and fructose diet was associated with marked stimulation of fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase mRNA level and with increased 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase protein levels, suggesting a coordinated increase in hexose monophosphate shunt and de novo lipogenesis. It however did not influence the level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, SREBP-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein. In conclusion, our results showed that only combination of dietary fructose and stress increase glucocorticoid prereceptor metabolism and stimulates lipogenic enzyme expression suggesting that interaction between stress and fructose may be instrumental in promoting VAT expansion and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Bursać
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nataša Veličković
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Vojnović Milutinović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snježana Petrović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, Belgrade, 11129, Serbia
| | - Ana Teofilović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljupka Gligorovska
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Frederic Preitner
- Mouse Metabolic Facility (MEF), Center for Integrative genomics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 7, CH-1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gordana Matić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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91
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Oikonomou E, Kostopoulou E, Rojas-Gil AP, Georgiou G, Spiliotis BE. Adipocyte aquaporin 7 (AQP7) expression in lean children and children with obesity. Possible involvement in molecular mechanisms of childhood obesity. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 31:1081-1089. [PMID: 30226208 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Aquaporin 7 (AQP7), a water/glycerol transporting protein, regulates adipocyte glycerol efflux and influences lipid and glucose homeostasis. Altered AQP7 expression in adults leads to impaired glycerol dynamics, adipocyte hypertrophy and it predisposes them to obesity and diabetes. To assess its possible involvement in childhood obesity, this study investigated the expression of adipocyte AQP7 in cultured adipocytes of children. Methods Primary in vitro differentiated adipocyte cultures were developed from surgical biopsies of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue from 61 (46 prepubertal, 15 pubertal) lean children (body mass index [BMI] <85%) and 41 (22 prepubertal, 19 pubertal) children with obesity (BMI >95%). AQP7 expression was studied by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western immunoblotting and insulin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results AQP7 messenger RNA (mRNA) was increased in the younger obese prepubertal (YOP) children but decreased in the obese adolescents (OA) (p=0.014) who also had increased insulin and homeostatic model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Lean pubertal (LP) children and YOP had increased 41 kDa AQP7 protein expression (p=0.001 and p=0.005, respectively). The OA who expressed 34 kDa AQP7 had lower triglyceride (TG) levels than those who did not express it (p=0.013). In the lean children, TG were negatively correlated with 34 kDa AQP7 (p=0.033). Conclusions The lower AQP7 mRNA expression in the OA may reflect a predisposition to adipocyte hypertrophy and metabolic dysfunction, as in the adults, whereas the YOP may be protected from this. The increased 41 kDa AQP7 protein expression in the LP may reflect the increased energy requirements of puberty for glycerol while in the YOP it may also be protective against the development of adipocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Oikonomou
- Research Laboratory of the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
| | - Eirini Kostopoulou
- Research Laboratory of the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
| | - Andrea Paola Rojas-Gil
- Research Laboratory of the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras, Greece.,Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, Department of Nursing, University of Peloponnese, Sparta, Lakonias, Greece
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Karamandaneio Children's Hospital, Patras, Greece
| | - Bessie E Spiliotis
- Research Laboratory of the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
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92
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Singh RG, Pendharkar SA, Cervantes A, Cho J, Miranda-Soberanis V, Petrov MS. Abdominal obesity and insulin resistance after an episode of acute pancreatitis. Dig Liver Dis 2018; 50:1081-1087. [PMID: 29908753 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence indicates that individuals after an episode of acute pancreatitis (AP) are at an increased risk of developing metabolic derangements. While the link between general obesity and insulin resistance (IR) is well established, only a few studies have investigated the association between abdominal obesity and IR. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between abdominal obesity and several indices of IR in individuals after an episode of AP. METHODS Patients were eligible for this cross-sectional study if they were previously admitted with a primary diagnosis of AP based on the recent international guidelines. Fasting venous bloods were collected to measure glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, glycerol, adiponectin (AD), omentin (OM), and vaspin (VAS). The IR indices - HOMA-IR, Adipo-IR, insulin*glycerol (IG) index, HOMA-AD, HOMA-OM, and HOMA-VAS were calculated. Modified Poisson regression was conducted, with statistical model adjusting for patient-, metabolic-, and pancreatitis-related risk factors. Areas under ROC curve were calculated and Bland-Altman plots were created. RESULTS Of the 92 individuals recruited, 41 had abdominal obesity. HOMA-IR, IG index, HOMA-OM, and HOMA-VAS were significantly associated with abdominal obesity, both in unadjusted and adjusted models. Area under ROC curves for HOMA-IR, IG index, HOMA-OM, and HOMA-VAS were 0.698, 0.695, 0.756, and 0.735, respectively. There was a good agreement between observed HOMA-IR values and values obtained from HOMA-OM (P = 0.733) and HOMA-VAS (P = 0.595). CONCLUSION Individuals with abdominal obesity after AP have a significantly higher IR, independent of diabetes and other covariates. Visceral adipose tissue specific adipokines, omentin and vaspin, hold promise for future clinical investigation of tissue-specific IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruma G Singh
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Aya Cervantes
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jaelim Cho
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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93
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Gómez-Zorita S, Trepiana J, Fernández-Quintela A, González M, Portillo MP. Resveratrol and Pterostilbene, Two Analogue Phenolic Compounds, Affect Aquaglyceroporin Expression in a Different Manner in Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092654. [PMID: 30205436 PMCID: PMC6165208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaglyceroporins (AQPs) are transmembrane channels that mediate glycerol release and glycerol uptake. They are involved in fat metabolism, with implications in obesity. The aim was to determine whether the administration of resveratrol and pterostilbene during the six weeks of the experimental period would modify AQPs expression in white and brown adipose tissues from Wistar rats fed an obesogenic diet, and to establish a potential relationship with the delipidating properties of these compounds. Consequently, thirty-six rats were divided into four groups: (a) group fed a standard diet; and three more groups fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet: (b) high-fat high-sucrose group: (c) pterostilbene-treated group (30 mg/kg/d): (d) resveratrol-treated group (30 mg/kg/d). Epididymal, subcutaneous white adipose tissues and interscapular brown adipose tissue were dissected. AQPs gene expression (RT-PCR) and protein expression (western-blot) were measured. In white adipose tissue, pterostilbene reduced subcutaneous adipose tissue weight and prevented the decrease in AQP9 induced by obesogenic feeding, and thus glycerol uptake for triglyceride accumulation. Resveratrol reduced epididymal adipose tissue weight and avoided the decrease in AQPs related to glycerol release induced by high-fat high-sucrose feeding, suggesting the involvement of lipolysis in its body-fat lowering effect. Regarding brown adipose tissue, AQP7 seemed not to be involved in the previously reported thermogenic activity of both phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saioa Gómez-Zorita
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 48940 Vitoria, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jenifer Trepiana
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 48940 Vitoria, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Fernández-Quintela
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 48940 Vitoria, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marcela González
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Litoral and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 48940 Vitoria, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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94
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Paul A, Kumar S, Raj A, Sonkar AA, Jain S, Singhai A, Roy R. Alteration in lipid composition differentiates breast cancer tissues: a 1H HRMAS NMR metabolomic study. Metabolomics 2018; 14:119. [PMID: 30830375 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most frequent diagnosed cancer among women with a mortality rate of 15% of all cancer related deaths in women. Breast cancer is heterogeneous in nature and produces plethora of metabolites allowing its early detection using molecular diagnostic techniques like magnetic resonance spectroscopy. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the variation in metabolic profile of breast cancer focusing on lipids as triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) that may alter in malignant breast tissues and lymph nodes from adjacent benign breast tissues by HRMAS 1H NMR spectroscopy. METHODS The 1H NMR spectra recorded on 173 tissue specimens comprising of breast tumor tissues, adjacent tissues, few lymph nodes and overlying skin tissues obtained from 67 patients suffering from breast cancer. Multivariate statistical analysis was employed to identify metabolites acting as major confounders for differentiation of malignancy. RESULT Reduction in lipid content were observed in malignant breast tissues along with a higher fraction of FFA. Four small molecule metabolites e.g., choline containing compounds (Chocc), taurine, glycine, and glutamate were also identified as major confounders. The test set for prediction provided sensitivity and specificity of more than 90% excluding the lymph nodes and skin tissues. CONCLUSION Fatty acids composition in breast cancer using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is gaining its importance in clinical settings (Coum et al. in Magn Reson Mater Phys Biol Med 29:1-4, 2016). The present study may help in future for precise evaluation of lipid classification including small molecules as a source of early diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma by employing in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Paul
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Formerly Centre of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (CBMR), Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, University Road, Babuganj, Hasanganj, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of General Surgery, Kings George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, 226003, India.
| | - Anubhav Raj
- Department of General Surgery, Kings George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Abhinav A Sonkar
- Department of General Surgery, Kings George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Sudha Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, University Road, Babuganj, Hasanganj, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Atin Singhai
- Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Raja Roy
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Formerly Centre of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (CBMR), Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, India.
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95
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Salinas-Rubio D, Tovar AR, Torre-Villalvazo I, Granados-Portillo O, Torres N, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Noriega LG. Interaction between leucine and palmitate catabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and primary adipocytes from control and obese rats. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 59:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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96
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Carpentier AC, Blondin DP, Virtanen KA, Richard D, Haman F, Turcotte ÉE. Brown Adipose Tissue Energy Metabolism in Humans. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:447. [PMID: 30131768 PMCID: PMC6090055 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The demonstration of metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in humans primarily using positron emission tomography coupled to computed tomography (PET/CT) with the glucose tracer 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) has renewed the interest of the scientific and medical community in the possible role of BAT as a target for the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we offer a comprehensive review of BAT energy metabolism in humans. Considerable advances in methods to measure BAT energy metabolism, including nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), chylomicron-triglycerides (TG), oxygen, Krebs cycle rate, and intracellular TG have led to very good quantification of energy substrate metabolism per volume of active BAT in vivo. These studies have also shown that intracellular TG are likely the primary energy source of BAT upon activation by cold. Current estimates of BAT's contribution to energy expenditure range at the lower end of what would be potentially clinically relevant if chronically sustained. Yet, 18FDG PET/CT remains the gold-standard defining method to quantify total BAT volume of activity, used to calculate BAT's total energy expenditure. Unfortunately, BAT glucose metabolism better reflects BAT's insulin sensitivity and blood flow. It is now clear that most glucose taken up by BAT does not fuel mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and that BAT glucose uptake can therefore be disconnected from thermogenesis. Furthermore, BAT thermogenesis is efficiently recruited upon repeated cold exposure, doubling to tripling its total oxidative capacity, with reciprocal reduction of muscle thermogenesis. Recent data suggest that total BAT volume may be much larger than the typically observed 50-150 ml with 18FDG PET/CT. Therefore, the current estimates of total BAT thermogenesis, largely relying on total BAT volume using 18FDG PET/CT, may underestimate the true contribution of BAT to total energy expenditure. Quantification of the contribution of BAT to energy expenditure begs for the development of more integrated whole body in vivo methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C. Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - Kirsi A. Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Denis Richard
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - François Haman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Éric E. Turcotte
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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97
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Potts A, Uchida A, Deja S, Berglund ED, Kucejova B, Duarte JA, Fu X, Browning JD, Magnuson MA, Burgess SC. Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase as a cataplerotic pathway in the small intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G249-G258. [PMID: 29631378 PMCID: PMC6139646 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00039.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is a gluconeogenic enzyme that is highly expressed in the liver and kidney but is also expressed at lower levels in a variety of other tissues where it may play adjunct roles in fatty acid esterification, amino acid metabolism, and/or TCA cycle function. PEPCK is expressed in the enterocytes of the small intestine, but it is unclear whether it supports a gluconeogenic rate sufficient to affect glucose homeostasis. To examine potential roles of intestinal PEPCK, we generated an intestinal PEPCK knockout mouse. Deletion of intestinal PEPCK ablated ex vivo gluconeogenesis but did not significantly affect glycemia in chow, high-fat diet, or streptozotocin-treated mice. In contrast, postprandial triglyceride secretion from the intestine was attenuated in vivo, consistent with a role in fatty acid esterification. Intestinal amino acid profiles and 13C tracer appearance into these pools were significantly altered, indicating abnormal amino acid trafficking through the enterocyte. The data suggest that the predominant role of PEPCK in the small intestine of mice is not gluconeogenesis but rather to support nutrient processing, particularly with regard to lipids and amino acids. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The small intestine expresses gluconeogenic enzymes for unknown reasons. In addition to glucose synthesis, the nascent steps of this pathway can be used to support amino acid and lipid metabolisms. When phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, an essential gluconeogenic enzyme, is knocked out of the small intestine of mice, glycemia is unaffected, but mice inefficiently absorb dietary lipid, have abnormal amino acid profiles, and inefficiently catabolize glutamine. Therefore, the initial steps of intestinal gluconeogenesis are used for processing dietary triglycerides and metabolizing amino acids but are not essential for maintaining blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Potts
- 1Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Aki Uchida
- 1Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Stanislaw Deja
- 2Center for Human Nutrition, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Eric D. Berglund
- 1Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Blanka Kucejova
- 2Center for Human Nutrition, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Joao A. Duarte
- 1Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xiaorong Fu
- 2Center for Human Nutrition, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jeffrey D. Browning
- 3Department of Clinical Nutrition, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Mark A. Magnuson
- 5Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shawn C. Burgess
- 1Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,4Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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98
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Impact of skeletal muscle IL-6 on regulation of liver and adipose tissue metabolism during fasting. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1597-1613. [PMID: 30069669 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The liver and adipose tissue are important tissues in whole-body metabolic regulation during fasting. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine shown to be secreted from contracting muscle in humans and suggested to signal to the liver and adipose tissue. Furthermore, skeletal muscle IL-6 has been proposed to play a role during fasting. Therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of skeletal muscle IL-6 in the regulation of substrate production in the liver and adipose tissue during fasting. Male skeletal muscle-specific IL-6 knockout (IL-6 MKO) mice and littermate floxed (control) mice fasted for 6 or 18 h (6 h fasting or 18 h fasting) with corresponding fed control groups (6 h fed or 18 h fed) and liver and adipose tissue were quickly obtained. Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate increased and hepatic glucose, lactate and glycogen decreased with fasting. In addition, fasting increased phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase protein and phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in the liver as well as hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)Ser660 and HSLSer563 phosphorylation, PDH phosphorylation, adipose triglyceride lipase phosphorylation and perilipin phosphorylation and protein content in adipose tissue without any effect of lack of skeletal muscle IL-6. In conclusion, fasting induced regulation of enzymes in adipose tissue lipolysis and glyceroneogenesis as well as regulation of hepatic gluconeogenic capacity and hepatic substrate utilization in mice. However, skeletal muscle IL-6 was not required for these fasting-induced effects, but had minor effects on markers of lipolysis and glyceroneogenesis in adipose tissue as well as markers of hepatic gluconeogenesis in the fed state.
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99
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Krycer JR, Yugi K, Hirayama A, Fazakerley DJ, Quek LE, Scalzo R, Ohno S, Hodson MP, Ikeda S, Shoji F, Suzuki K, Domanova W, Parker BL, Nelson ME, Humphrey SJ, Turner N, Hoehn KL, Cooney GJ, Soga T, Kuroda S, James DE. Dynamic Metabolomics Reveals that Insulin Primes the Adipocyte for Glucose Metabolism. Cell Rep 2018; 21:3536-3547. [PMID: 29262332 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin triggers an extensive signaling cascade to coordinate adipocyte glucose metabolism. It is considered that the major role of insulin is to provide anabolic substrates by activating GLUT4-dependent glucose uptake. However, insulin stimulates phosphorylation of many metabolic proteins. To examine the implications of this on glucose metabolism, we performed dynamic tracer metabolomics in cultured adipocytes treated with insulin. Temporal analysis of metabolite concentrations and tracer labeling revealed rapid and distinct changes in glucose metabolism, favoring specific glycolytic branch points and pyruvate anaplerosis. Integrating dynamic metabolomics and phosphoproteomics data revealed that insulin-dependent phosphorylation of anabolic enzymes occurred prior to substrate accumulation. Indeed, glycogen synthesis was activated independently of glucose supply. We refer to this phenomenon as metabolic priming, whereby insulin signaling creates a demand-driven system to "pull" glucose into specific anabolic pathways. This complements the supply-driven regulation of anabolism by substrate accumulation and highlights an additional role for insulin action in adipocyte glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Krycer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Katsuyuki Yugi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; YCI Laboratory for Trans-Omics, Young Chief Investigator Program, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lake-Ee Quek
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Richard Scalzo
- Centre for Translational Data Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Satoshi Ohno
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mark P Hodson
- Metabolomics Australia Queensland Node, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Victor Chang Innovation Centre, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Satsuki Ikeda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Futaba Shoji
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Kumi Suzuki
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Westa Domanova
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Marin E Nelson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Shinya Kuroda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - David E James
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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100
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Larrick BM, Kim KH, Donkin SS, Teegarden D. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D regulates lipid metabolism and glucose utilization in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nutr Res 2018; 58:72-83. [PMID: 30340817 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that adipose tissue can both store and metabolize vitamin D. The active form of vitamin D, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], regulates adipocyte differentiation and inflammation, highlighting the multifaceted role that vitamin D plays in adipose tissue physiology. However, there is limited evidence regarding vitamin D regulation of mature adipocyte lipid metabolism. We hypothesize that 1,25(OH)2D alters lipid and glucose metabolism in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes to reduce triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation. In this study, 1,25(OH)2D (10 nmol/L) stimulated a 21% reduction in TAG accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes after 4 days (P = .01) despite a significant increase in fatty acid uptake (P < .01). Additionally, 1,25(OH)2D stimulated a 2.5-fold increase in 14CO2 production from [1-14C] palmitic acid (P < .01), indicative of an elevated rate of fatty acid β-oxidation, while stimulating a 9% reduction in de novo fatty acid synthesis (P = .03). Interestingly, d-[U-13C]glucose incorporation into fatty acids was reduced by 30% in response to 1,25(OH)2D (P < .01), indicating a reduced contribution of glucose as a substrate for de novo lipogenesis. Consistent with these findings, mRNA expression of the anaplerotic enzyme pyruvate carboxylase was reduced by 41% (P < .01). In summary, 1,25(OH)2D stimulated fatty acid oxidation and reduced TAG accumulation in differentiated adipocytes. Furthermore, 1,25(OH)2D reduced glucose utilization as a substrate for fatty acid synthesis potentially by downregulating pyruvate carboxylase and stimulating glucose disposal as glycerol. Collectively, these 1,25(OH)2D-induced changes in lipid metabolism and glucose utilization may contribute to the reduction in TAG accumulation and be protective against excessive fat mass accumulation and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brienna M Larrick
- Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, 700 W State St, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Kee-Hong Kim
- Department of Food Sciences, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Dr, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shawn S Donkin
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 915 W State St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Dorothy Teegarden
- Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, 700 W State St, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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