101
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Genome-wide association analyses using electronic health records identify new loci influencing blood pressure variation. Nat Genet 2016; 49:54-64. [PMID: 27841878 PMCID: PMC5370207 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal electronic health records on 99,785 Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort individuals provided 1,342,814 systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements for a genome-wide association study on long-term average systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure. We identified 39 novel among 75 significant loci (P≤5×10−8), most replicating in the combined International Consortium for Blood Pressure (ICBP, n=69,396) and UK Biobank (UKB, n=152,081) studies. Combining GERA with ICBP yielded 36 additional novel loci, most replicating in UKB. Combining all three studies (n=321,262) yielded 241 additional genome-wide significant loci, although for these no replication sample was available. All associated loci explained 2.9%/2.5%/3.1% of systolic/diastolic/pulse pressure variation in GERA non-Hispanic whites. Using multiple BP measurements in GERA doubled the variance explained. A normalized risk score was associated with time-to-onset of hypertension (hazards ratio=1.18, P=10−44). Expression quantitative trait locus analysis of BP loci showed enrichment in aorta and tibial artery.
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102
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Liang J, Cade BE, Wang H, Chen H, Gleason KJ, Larkin EK, Saxena R, Lin X, Redline S, Zhu X. Comparison of Heritability Estimation and Linkage Analysis for Multiple Traits Using Principal Component Analyses. Genet Epidemiol 2016; 40:222-32. [PMID: 27027516 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A disease trait often can be characterized by multiple phenotypic measurements that can provide complementary information on disease etiology, physiology, or clinical manifestations. Given that multiple phenotypes may be correlated and reflect common underlying genetic mechanisms, the use of multivariate analysis of multiple traits may improve statistical power to detect genes and variants underlying complex traits. The literature, however, has been unclear as to the optimal approach for analyzing multiple correlated traits. In this study, heritability and linkage analysis was performed for six obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) related phenotypes, as well as principal components of the phenotypes and principal components of the heritability (PCHs) using the data from Cleveland Family Study, which include both African and European American families. Our study demonstrates that principal components generally result in higher heritability and linkage evidence than individual traits. Furthermore, the PCHs can be transferred across populations, strongly suggesting that these PCHs reflect traits with common underlying genetic mechanisms for OSAHS across populations. Thus, PCHs can provide useful traits for using data on multiple phenotypes and for genetic studies of trans-ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brian E Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Heming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kevin J Gleason
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emma K Larkin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Richa Saxena
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Anesthesia, Pain, and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xihong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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103
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Justice AE, Howard AG, Chittoor G, Fernandez-Rhodes L, Graff M, Voruganti VS, Diao G, Love SAM, Franceschini N, O’Connell JR, Avery CL, Young KL, North KE. Genome-wide association of trajectories of systolic blood pressure change. BMC Proc 2016; 10:321-327. [PMID: 27980656 PMCID: PMC5133524 DOI: 10.1186/s12919-016-0050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is great interindividual variation in systolic blood pressure (SBP) as a result of the influences of several factors, including sex, ancestry, smoking status, medication use, and, especially, age. The majority of genetic studies have examined SBP measured cross-sectionally; however, SBP changes over time, and not necessarily in a linear fashion. Therefore, this study conducted a genome-wide association (GWA) study of SBP change trajectories using data available through the Genetic Analysis Workshop 19 (GAW19) of 959 individuals from 20 extended Mexican American families from the San Antonio Family Studies with up to 4 measures of SBP. We performed structural equation modeling (SEM) while taking into account potential genetic effects to identify how, if at all, to include covariates in estimating the SBP change trajectories using a mixture model based latent class growth modeling (LCGM) approach for use in the GWA analyses. RESULTS The semiparametric LCGM approach identified 5 trajectory classes that captured SBP changes across age. Each LCGM identified trajectory group was ranked based on the average number of cumulative years as hypertensive. Using a pairwise comparison of these classes the heritability estimates range from 12 to 94 % (SE = 17 to 40 %). CONCLUSION These identified trajectories are significantly heritable, and we identified a total of 8 promising loci that influence one's trajectory in SBP change across age. Our results demonstrate the potential utility of capitalizing on extant genetic data and longitudinal SBP assessments available through GAW19 to explore novel analytical methods with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. Justice
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Annie Green Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Geetha Chittoor
- Department of Nutrition, and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC 28081 USA
| | | | - Misa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - V. Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition, and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC 28081 USA
| | - Guoqing Diao
- Department of Statistics, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
| | - Shelly-Ann M. Love
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | | | - Christy L. Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Kristin L. Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
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104
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Fernández-Rhodes L, Hodonsky CJ, Graff M, Love SAM, Howard AG, Seyerle AA, Avery CL, Chittoor G, Franceschini N, Voruganti VS, Young K, O’Connell JR, North KE, Justice AE. Comparison of 2 models for gene-environment interactions: an example of simulated gene-medication interactions on systolic blood pressure in family-based data. BMC Proc 2016; 10:371-377. [PMID: 27980664 PMCID: PMC5133512 DOI: 10.1186/s12919-016-0058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly half of adults in the United States who are diagnosed with hypertension use blood-pressure-lowering medications. Yet there is a large interindividual variability in the response to these medications. Two complementary gene-environment interaction methods have been published and incorporated into publicly available software packages to examine interaction effects, including whether genetic variants modify the association between medication use and blood pressure. The first approach uses a gene-environment interaction term to measure the change in outcome when both the genetic marker and medication are present (the "interaction model"). The second approach tests for effect-size differences between strata of an environmental exposure (the "med-diff" approach). However, no studies have quantitatively compared how these methods perform with respect to 1 or 2 degree of freedom (DF) tests or in family-based data sets. We evaluated these 2 approaches using simulated genotype-medication response interactions at 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across a range of minor allele frequencies (MAFs 0.1-5.4 %) using the Genetic Analysis Workshop 19 family sample. RESULTS The estimated interaction effect sizes were on average larger in the interaction model approach compared to the med-diff approach. The true positive proportion was higher for the med-diff approach for SNPs less than 1 % MAF, but higher for the interaction model when common variants were evaluated (MAF >5 %). The interaction model produced lower false-positive proportions than expected (5 %) across a range of MAFs for both the 1DF and 2DF tests. In contrast, the med-diff approach produced higher but stable false-positive proportions around 5 % across MAFs for both tests. CONCLUSIONS Although the 1DF tests both performed similarly for common variants, the interaction model estimated true interaction effects with less bias and higher true positive proportions than the med-diff approach. However, if rare variation (MAF <5 %) is of interest, our findings suggest that when convergence is achieved, the med-diff approach may estimate true interaction effects more conservatively and with less variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Fernández-Rhodes
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Chani J. Hodonsky
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Shelly-Ann M. Love
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Annie Green Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Amanda A. Seyerle
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Christy L. Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Geetha Chittoor
- Department of Nutrition, and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC 28081 USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - V. Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition, and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC 28081 USA
| | - Kristin Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | | | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Anne E. Justice
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
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105
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Franceschini N, Carty CL, Lu Y, Tao R, Sung YJ, Manichaikul A, Haessler J, Fornage M, Schwander K, Zubair N, Bien S, Hindorff LA, Guo X, Bielinski SJ, Ehret G, Kaufman JD, Rich SS, Carlson CS, Bottinger EP, North KE, Rao DC, Chakravarti A, Barrett PQ, Loos RJF, Buyske S, Kooperberg C. Variant Discovery and Fine Mapping of Genetic Loci Associated with Blood Pressure Traits in Hispanics and African Americans. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164132. [PMID: 27736895 PMCID: PMC5063457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the substantial burden of hypertension in US minority populations, few genetic studies of blood pressure have been conducted in Hispanics and African Americans, and it is unclear whether many of the established loci identified in European-descent populations contribute to blood pressure variation in non-European descent populations. Using the Metabochip array, we sought to characterize the genetic architecture of previously identified blood pressure loci, and identify novel cardiometabolic variants related to systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a multi-ethnic US population including Hispanics (n = 19,706) and African Americans (n = 18,744). Several known blood pressure loci replicated in African Americans and Hispanics. Fourteen variants in three loci (KCNK3, FGF5, ATXN2-SH2B3) were significantly associated with blood pressure in Hispanics. The most significant diastolic blood pressure variant identified in our analysis, rs2586886/KCNK3 (P = 5.2 x 10−9), also replicated in independent Hispanic and European-descent samples. African American and trans-ethnic meta-analysis data identified novel variants in the FGF5, ULK4 and HOXA-EVX1 loci, which have not been previously associated with blood pressure traits. Our identification and independent replication of variants in KCNK3, a gene implicated in primary hyperaldosteronism, as well as a variant in HOTTIP (HOXA-EVX1) suggest that further work to clarify the roles of these genes may be warranted. Overall, our findings suggest that loci identified in European descent populations also contribute to blood pressure variation in diverse populations including Hispanics and African Americans—populations that are understudied for hypertension genetic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Cara L. Carty
- Center for Translational Science, George Washington University and Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Yingchang Lu
- Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, United States of America
| | - Jeff Haessler
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine & Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Karen Schwander
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Niha Zubair
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Bien
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lucia A. Hindorff
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, LABiomed at Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Suzette J. Bielinski
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Georg Ehret
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Epidemiology, and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, United States of America
| | - Christopher S. Carlson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Erwin P. Bottinger
- Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - D. C. Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paula Q. Barrett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Steven Buyske
- Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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106
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Multivariate Analysis of Anthropometric Traits Using Summary Statistics of Genome-Wide Association Studies from GIANT Consortium. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163912. [PMID: 27701450 PMCID: PMC5049793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Meta-analysis of single trait for multiple cohorts has been used for increasing statistical power in genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Although hundreds of variants have been identified by GWAS, these variants only explain a small fraction of phenotypic variation. Cross-phenotype association analysis (CPASSOC) can further improve statistical power by searching for variants that contribute to multiple traits, which is often relevant to pleiotropy. In this study, we performed CPASSOC analysis on the summary statistics from the Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits (GIANT) consortium using a novel method recently developed by our group. Sex-specific meta-analysis data for height, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI) from discovery phase of the GIANT consortium study were combined using CPASSOC for each trait as well as 3 traits together. The conventional meta-analysis results from the discovery phase data of GIANT consortium studies were used to compare with that from CPASSOC analysis. The CPASSOC analysis was able to identify 17 loci associated with anthropometric traits that were missed by conventional meta-analysis. Among these loci, 16 have been reported in literature by including additional samples and 1 is novel. We also demonstrated that CPASSOC is able to detect pleiotropic effects when analyzing multiple traits.
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107
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Liu C, Kraja AT, Smith JA, Brody JA, Franceschini N, Bis JC, Rice K, Morrison AC, Lu Y, Weiss S, Guo X, Palmas W, Martin LW, Chen YDI, Surendran P, Drenos F, Cook JP, Auer PL, Chu AY, Giri A, Zhao W, Jakobsdottir J, Lin LA, Stafford JM, Amin N, Mei H, Yao J, Voorman A, Larson MG, Grove ML, Smith AV, Hwang SJ, Chen H, Huan T, Kosova G, Stitziel NO, Kathiresan S, Samani N, Schunkert H, Deloukas P, Li M, Fuchsberger C, Pattaro C, Gorski M, Kooperberg C, Papanicolaou GJ, Rossouw JE, Faul JD, Kardia SLR, Bouchard C, Raffel LJ, Uitterlinden AG, Franco OH, Vasan RS, O'Donnell CJ, Taylor KD, Liu K, Bottinger EP, Gottesman O, Daw EW, Giulianini F, Ganesh S, Salfati E, Harris TB, Launer LJ, Dörr M, Felix SB, Rettig R, Völzke H, Kim E, Lee WJ, Lee IT, Sheu WHH, Tsosie KS, Edwards DRV, Liu Y, Correa A, Weir DR, Völker U, Ridker PM, Boerwinkle E, Gudnason V, Reiner AP, van Duijn CM, Borecki IB, Edwards TL, Chakravarti A, Rotter JI, Psaty BM, Loos RJF, Fornage M, Ehret GB, Newton-Cheh C, Levy D, Chasman DI. Meta-analysis identifies common and rare variants influencing blood pressure and overlapping with metabolic trait loci. Nat Genet 2016; 48:1162-70. [PMID: 27618448 PMCID: PMC5320952 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analyses of association results for blood pressure using exome-centric single-variant and gene-based tests identified 31 new loci in a discovery stage among 146,562 individuals, with follow-up and meta-analysis in 180,726 additional individuals (total n = 327,288). These blood pressure-associated loci are enriched for known variants for cardiometabolic traits. Associations were also observed for the aggregation of rare and low-frequency missense variants in three genes, NPR1, DBH, and PTPMT1. In addition, blood pressure associations at 39 previously reported loci were confirmed. The identified variants implicate biological pathways related to cardiometabolic traits, vascular function, and development. Several new variants are inferred to have roles in transcription or as hubs in protein-protein interaction networks. Genetic risk scores constructed from the identified variants were strongly associated with coronary disease and myocardial infarction. This large collection of blood pressure-associated loci suggests new therapeutic strategies for hypertension, emphasizing a link with cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Liu
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aldi T Kraja
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kenneth Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston Texas, USA
| | - Yingchang Lu
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stefan Weiss
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Walter Palmas
- Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lisa W Martin
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Praveen Surendran
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fotios Drenos
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - James P Cook
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Paul L Auer
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Audrey Y Chu
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ayush Giri
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Li-An Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeanette M Stafford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Najaf Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Data Science, School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Arend Voorman
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Martin G Larson
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Megan L Grove
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston Texas, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tianxiao Huan
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gulum Kosova
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathan O Stitziel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nilesh Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Man Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy (affiliated with the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany)
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy (affiliated with the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany)
| | - Mathias Gorski
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - George J Papanicolaou
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacques E Rossouw
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Leslie J Raffel
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Veterans Administration Healthcare, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Kiang Liu
- Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Omri Gottesman
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - E Warwick Daw
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Santhi Ganesh
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elias Salfati
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marcus Dörr
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan B Felix
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rainer Rettig
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZD (German Center for Diabetes Research), site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eric Kim
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Te Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wayne H-H Sheu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Technology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Krystal S Tsosie
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Digna R Velez Edwards
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Epidemiology and Prevention Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Uwe Völker
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston Texas, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid B Borecki
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Georg B Ehret
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Newton-Cheh
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ehret GB, Ferreira T, Chasman DI, Jackson AU, Schmidt EM, Johnson T, Thorleifsson G, Luan J, Donnelly LA, Kanoni S, Petersen AK, Pihur V, Strawbridge RJ, Shungin D, Hughes MF, Meirelles O, Kaakinen M, Bouatia-Naji N, Kristiansson K, Shah S, Kleber ME, Guo X, Lyytikäinen LP, Fava C, Eriksson N, Nolte IM, Magnusson PK, Salfati EL, Rallidis LS, Theusch E, Smith AJ, Folkersen L, Witkowska K, Pers TH, Joehanes R, Kim SK, Lataniotis L, Jansen R, Johnson AD, Warren H, Kim YJ, Zhao W, Wu Y, Tayo BO, Bochud M, Absher D, Adair LS, Amin N, Arking DE, Axelsson T, Baldassarre D, Balkau B, Bandinelli S, Barnes MR, Barroso I, Bevan S, Bis JC, Bjornsdottir G, Boehnke M, Boerwinkle E, Bonnycastle LL, Boomsma DI, Bornstein SR, Brown MJ, Burnier M, Cabrera CP, Chambers JC, Chang IS, Cheng CY, Chines PS, Chung RH, Collins FS, Connell JM, Döring A, Dallongeville J, Danesh J, de Faire U, Delgado G, Dominiczak AF, Doney AS, Drenos F, Edkins S, Eicher JD, Elosua R, Enroth S, Erdmann J, Eriksson P, Esko T, Evangelou E, Evans A, Fall T, Farrall M, Felix JF, Ferrières J, Ferrucci L, Fornage M, Forrester T, Franceschini N, Duran OHF, Franco-Cereceda A, Fraser RM, Ganesh SK, Gao H, Gertow K, Gianfagna F, Gigante B, Giulianini F, Goel A, Goodall AH, Goodarzi MO, Gorski M, Gräßler J, Groves C, Gudnason V, Gyllensten U, Hallmans G, Hartikainen AL, Hassinen M, Havulinna AS, Hayward C, Hercberg S, Herzig KH, Hicks AA, Hingorani AD, Hirschhorn JN, Hofman A, Holmen J, Holmen OL, Hottenga JJ, Howard P, Hsiung CA, Hunt SC, Ikram MA, Illig T, Iribarren C, Jensen RA, Kähönen M, Kang H, Kathiresan S, Keating BJ, Khaw KT, Kim YK, Kim E, Kivimaki M, Klopp N, Kolovou G, Komulainen P, Kooner JS, Kosova G, Krauss RM, Kuh D, Kutalik Z, Kuusisto J, Kvaløy K, Lakka TA, Lee NR, Lee IT, Lee WJ, Levy D, Li X, Liang KW, Lin H, Lin L, Lindström J, Lobbens S, Männistö S, Müller G, Müller-Nurasyid M, Mach F, Markus HS, Marouli E, McCarthy MI, McKenzie CA, Meneton P, Menni C, Metspalu A, Mijatovic V, Moilanen L, Montasser ME, Morris AD, Morrison AC, Mulas A, Nagaraja R, Narisu N, Nikus K, O'Donnell CJ, O'Reilly PF, Ong KK, Paccaud F, Palmer CD, Parsa A, Pedersen NL, Penninx BW, Perola M, Peters A, Poulter N, Pramstaller PP, Psaty BM, Quertermous T, Rao DC, Rasheed A, Rayner NWN, Renström F, Rettig R, Rice KM, Roberts R, Rose LM, Rossouw J, Samani NJ, Sanna S, Saramies J, Schunkert H, Sebert S, Sheu WHH, Shin YA, Sim X, Smit JH, Smith AV, Sosa MX, Spector TD, Stančáková A, Stanton A, Stirrups KE, Stringham HM, Sundstrom J, Swift AJ, Syvänen AC, Tai ES, Tanaka T, Tarasov KV, Teumer A, Thorsteinsdottir U, Tobin MD, Tremoli E, Uitterlinden AG, Uusitupa M, Vaez A, Vaidya D, van Duijn CM, van Iperen EP, Vasan RS, Verwoert GC, Virtamo J, Vitart V, Voight BF, Vollenweider P, Wagner A, Wain LV, Wareham NJ, Watkins H, Weder AB, Westra HJ, Wilks R, Wilsgaard T, Wilson JF, Wong TY, Yang TP, Yao J, Yengo L, Zhang W, Zhao JH, Zhu X, Bovet P, Cooper RS, Mohlke KL, Saleheen D, Lee JY, Elliott P, Gierman HJ, Willer CJ, Franke L, Hovingh GK, Taylor KD, Dedoussis G, Sever P, Wong A, Lind L, Assimes TL, Njølstad I, Schwarz PEH, Langenberg C, Snieder H, Caulfield MJ, Melander O, Laakso M, Saltevo J, Rauramaa R, Tuomilehto J, Ingelsson E, Lehtimäki T, Hveem K, Palmas W, März W, Kumari M, Salomaa V, Chen YDI, Rotter JI, Froguel P, Jarvelin MR, Lakatta EG, Kuulasmaa K, Franks PW, Hamsten A, Wichmann HE, Palmer CN, Stefansson K, Ridker PM, Loos RJ, Chakravarti A, Deloukas P, Morris AP, Newton-Cheh C, Munroe PB. The genetics of blood pressure regulation and its target organs from association studies in 342,415 individuals. Nat Genet 2016; 48:1171-1184. [PMID: 27618452 PMCID: PMC5042863 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To dissect the genetic architecture of blood pressure and assess effects on target organ damage, we analyzed 128,272 SNPs from targeted and genome-wide arrays in 201,529 individuals of European ancestry, and genotypes from an additional 140,886 individuals were used for validation. We identified 66 blood pressure-associated loci, of which 17 were new; 15 harbored multiple distinct association signals. The 66 index SNPs were enriched for cis-regulatory elements, particularly in vascular endothelial cells, consistent with a primary role in blood pressure control through modulation of vascular tone across multiple tissues. The 66 index SNPs combined in a risk score showed comparable effects in 64,421 individuals of non-European descent. The 66-SNP blood pressure risk score was significantly associated with target organ damage in multiple tissues but with minor effects in the kidney. Our findings expand current knowledge of blood pressure-related pathways and highlight tissues beyond the classical renal system in blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg B. Ehret
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave. East, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anne U. Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ellen M. Schmidt
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Toby Johnson
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lousie A. Donnelly
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ann-Kristin Petersen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Vasyl Pihur
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rona J. Strawbridge
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:03, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dmitry Shungin
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Maria F. Hughes
- Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT126JP, UK
| | - Osorio Meirelles
- Laboratory of Genetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Marika Kaakinen
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- INSERM UMR970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
- University Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12 rue de l'Ecole de medicine, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Kati Kristiansson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonia Shah
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Dept. Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Marcus E. Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Cristiano Fava
- University of Lund, Dept Internal Medicine, Malmo, SE 20502, Sweden
- University of Verona, Dept of Internal Medicine, Verona, Italy 37134
| | - Niclas Eriksson
- Uppsala University, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ilja M. Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrik K. Magnusson
- Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias L. Salfati
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Loukianos S. Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Theusch
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Andrew J.P. Smith
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Lasse Folkersen
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:03, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kate Witkowska
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Tune H. Pers
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic, Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, 2300, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roby Joehanes
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Stuart K. Kim
- Dept. Dev. Bio. And Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lazaros Lataniotis
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew D. Johnson
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Helen Warren
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Zhao
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennyslvania, USA
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bamidele O. Tayo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Devin Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35086, USA
| | - Linda S. Adair
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Najaf Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015CN, The Netherlands
| | - Dan E. Arking
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tomas Axelsson
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Beverley Balkau
- INSERM Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Villejuif, France University Paris-Sud, URMS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Michael R. Barnes
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, UK
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science Box 289 Addenbrookes Hospital Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science Box 289 Addenbrookes Hospital Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Stephen Bevan
- School of Life Science, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | | | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St., Suite 453E, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lori L. Bonnycastle
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan R. Bornstein
- Dept of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Morris J. Brown
- The Barts Heart Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Michel Burnier
- Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Bugnon 17, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudia P. Cabrera
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - John C. Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Uxbridge Road, Southall, Middlesex UB1 3EU, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - I-Shou Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes. 35 Keyan Rd., Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228
| | - Peter S. Chines
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ren-Hua Chung
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes. 35 Keyan Rd., Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Francis S. Collins
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John M. Connell
- University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Angela Döring
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | | | - John Danesh
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Graciela Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anna F. Dominiczak
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8QT, UK
| | - Alex S.F. Doney
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Fotios Drenos
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Sarah Edkins
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, UK
| | - John D. Eicher
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics. IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan Enroth
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, University of Uppsala, Box 815, Biomerical center, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, University of Uppsala, Box 815, Biomerical center, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universiät zu Lübeck, RatzeburgerAllee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), partner site Hamburg, Kiel, Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Per Eriksson
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:03, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tonu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
- Divisions of Endocrinology/Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Alun Evans
- Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT126JP, UK
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Farrall
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Janine F. Felix
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean Ferrières
- Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil University Hospital, INSERM UMR1027, Toulouse, France
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Oscar H. Franco Duran
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Ross M. Fraser
- Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
- Synpromics Ltd, 9 Bioquarter, Little France Road, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, Scotland
| | - Santhi K. Ganesh
- University of Michigan Medical School, 7220 MSRB III, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA
| | - He Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Karl Gertow
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:03, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesco Gianfagna
- EPIMED Research Centre - Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave. East, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alison H. Goodall
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mathias Gorski
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gräßler
- Department of Medicine III, Division Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christopher Groves
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, University of Uppsala, Box 815, Biomerical center, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, University of Uppsala, Box 815, Biomerical center, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Anna-Liisa Hartikainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maija Hassinen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aki S. Havulinna
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU Scotland, UK
| | - Serge Hercberg
- UREN, INSERM U557, INRA U1125, CNAM, SMBH, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, Aapistie 5A, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrew A. Hicks
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, 39100, Italy - affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Aroon D. Hingorani
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Dept. Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Joel N. Hirschhorn
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jostein Holmen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7600 Levanger, Norway
| | - Oddgeir Lingaas Holmen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7600 Levanger, Norway
- St. Olav Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Phil Howard
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Chao A. Hsiung
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes. 35 Keyan Rd., Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Steven C. Hunt
- Cardiovascular Genetics Division, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Human Genetics, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Richard A. Jensen
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St., Suite 453E, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland
| | - Hyun Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Brendan J. Keating
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2SR, UK
| | - Yun Kyoung Kim
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eric Kim
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Dept. Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Norman Klopp
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Genovefa Kolovou
- 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center 356, Sygrou Ave, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Jaspal S. Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Uxbridge Road, Southall, Middlesex UB1 3EU, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Ducane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Gulum Kosova
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ronald M. Krauss
- Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, WC1B 5JU, UK
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsti Kvaløy
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7600 Levanger, Norway
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nanette R. Lee
- Office of Population Studies Foundation Inc., Talamban, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and History, University of San Carlos, Talamban, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines
| | - I-Te Lee
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Levy
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Kae-Woei Liang
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Honghuang Lin
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02446 MA, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Jaana Lindström
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stéphane Lobbens
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508 Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, 1 rue du Prof Calmette, 59019 Lille Cedex, France
- Lille 2 University, Lille, France
| | - Satu Männistö
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gabriele Müller
- Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München 81377, Germany
| | - François Mach
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Hugh S. Markus
- Neurology Unit, University of Cambridge, R3, Box 83, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, Cb2 0QQ, UK
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin A. McKenzie
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Pierre Meneton
- INSERM U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Vladan Mijatovic
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Leena Moilanen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - May E. Montasser
- Department of Medicine, Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Andrew D. Morris
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Alanna C. Morrison
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St., Suite 453E, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Antonella Mulas
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monseratto, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Ramaiah Nagaraja
- Laboratory of Genetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Narisu Narisu
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Christopher J. O'Donnell
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul F. O'Reilly
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Fred Paccaud
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cameron D. Palmer
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Genetics and Program in Genomics, Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Afshin Parsa
- Department of Medicine, Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brenda W. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute, Neuroscience Campus, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Perola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Neil Poulter
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Peter P. Pramstaller
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, 39100, Italy - affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dabeeru C. Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - N William N.W.R. Rayner
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Frida Renström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rainer Rettig
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kenneth M. Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert Roberts
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre Ontario, Canada
- Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lynda M. Rose
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave. East, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jacques Rossouw
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 6701 Rockledge Ave., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nilesh J. Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monseratto, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | | | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), München, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance, Germany
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Biocenter Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, Aapistie 5A, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Center For Life-course Health Research, P.O.Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Wayne H.-H. Sheu
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Young-Ah Shin
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Xueling Sim
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597
| | - Johannes H. Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute, Neuroscience Campus, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert V. Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Maria X. Sosa
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alena Stančáková
- University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alice Stanton
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kathleen E. Stirrups
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heather M. Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Johan Sundstrom
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amy J. Swift
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - E-Shyong Tai
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Kirill V. Tarasov
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Martin D. Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Andre G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of internal medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
- Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1830 East Monument St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre of Medical Systems Biology (CMSB 1-2), NGI Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik P.A. van Iperen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Section of Preventive medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02446 MA, USA
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02446 MA, USA
| | - Germaine C. Verwoert
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU Scotland, UK
| | - Benjamin F. Voight
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal medicine, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aline Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, EA3430, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Louise V. Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alan B. Weder
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Harm-Jan Westra
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Rainford Wilks
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - James F. Wilson
- Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU Scotland, UK
| | - Tien Y. Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228
| | - Tsun-Po Yang
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Loic Yengo
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508 Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, 1 rue du Prof Calmette, 59019 Lille Cedex, France
- Lille 2 University, Lille, France
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Uxbridge Road, Southall, Middlesex UB1 3EU, UK
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Pascal Bovet
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles
| | - Richard S. Cooper
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Karen L. Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Hinco J. Gierman
- Dept. Dev. Bio. And Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Enterprise Informatics, Illumina Inc., Santa Clara CA, 95050, USA
| | - Cristen J. Willer
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, 9711, The Netherlands
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Dept Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Peter Sever
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, WC1B 5JU, UK
| | - Lars Lind
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Inger Njølstad
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Peter EH. Schwarz
- Dept of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J. Caulfield
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Olle Melander
- University of Lund, Dept Internal Medicine, Malmo, SE 20502, Sweden
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Saltevo
- Department of Medicine, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, 15462 Kuwait
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7600 Levanger, Norway
| | - Walter Palmas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 622 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Winfried März
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, P5, 7, 68161 Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Meena Kumari
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Dept. Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yii-Der I. Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508 Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, 1 rue du Prof Calmette, 59019 Lille Cedex, France
- Lille 2 University, Lille, France
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Biocenter Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, Aapistie 5A, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
- Center For Life-course Health Research, P.O.Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, P.O.Box 20, FI-90220 Oulu, 90029 OYS, Finland
| | - Edward G. Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA
| | - Kari Kuulasmaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:03, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H.-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München 81377, Germany
- Grosshadern, Klinikum, München 81377, Germany
| | - Colin N.A. Palmer
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave. East, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ruth J.F. Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mindich Child health Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrew P. Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Christopher Newton-Cheh
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Patricia B. Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
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109
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Guo DC, Grove M, Prakash S, Eriksson P, Hostetler E, LeMaire S, Body S, Shalhub S, Estrera A, Safi H, Regalado E, Zhou W, Mathis M, Eagle K, Yang B, Willer C, Boerwinkle E, Milewicz D, Boerwinkle E, Milewicz DM. Genetic Variants in LRP1 and ULK4 Are Associated with Acute Aortic Dissections. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:762-769. [PMID: 27569546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute aortic dissections are a preventable cause of sudden death if individuals at risk are identified and surgically repaired in a non-emergency setting. Although mutations in single genes can be used to identify at-risk individuals, the majority of dissection case subjects do not have evidence of a single gene disorder, but rather have the other major risk factor for dissections, hypertension. Initial genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified SNPs at the FBN1 locus associated with both thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. Here, we used the Illumina HumanExome array to genotype 753 individuals of European descent presenting specifically with non-familial, sporadic thoracic aortic dissection (STAD) and compared them to the genotypes of 2,259 control subjects from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study matched for age, gender, and, for the majority of cases, hypertension. SNPs in FBN1, LRP1, and ULK4 were identified to be significantly associated with STAD, and these results were replicated in two independent cohorts. Combining the data from all cohorts confirmed an inverse association between LRP1 rs11172113 and STAD (p = 2.74 × 10(-8); OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.76-0.89) and a direct association between ULK4 rs2272007 and STAD (p = 1.15 × 10(-9); OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.23-1.49). Genomic copy-number variation analysis independently confirmed that ULK4 deletions were significantly associated with development of thoracic aortic disease. These results indicate that genetic variations in LRP1 and ULK4 contribute to risk for presenting with an acute aortic dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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110
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Xu B, Cai Z, Wang L, Tian J, Liu Y, Li Y. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter is involved in mitochondrial calcium cycle dysfunction: Underlying mechanism of hypertension associated with mitochondrial tRNA(Ile) A4263G mutation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 78:307-314. [PMID: 27471128 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the mitochondrial DNA mutations are involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Our previous study identified mitochondrial tRNA(Ile) A4263G mutation in a large Chinese Han family with maternally-inherited hypertension. This mutation may contribute to mitochondrial Ca(2+) cycling dysfuntion, but the mechanism is unclear. Lymphoblastoid cell lines were derived from hypertensive and normotensive individuals, either with or without tRNA(Ile) A4263G mutation. The mitochondrial calcium ([Ca(2+)]m) in cells from hypertensive subjects with the tRNA(Ile) A4263G mutation, was lower than in cells from normotension or hypertension without mutation, or normotension with mutation (P<0.05). Meanwhile, cytosolic calcium ([Ca(2+)]c) in hypertensive with mutation cells was higher than another three groups. After exposure to caffeine, which could increase the [Ca(2+)]c by activating ryanodine receptor on endoplasmic reticulum, [Ca(2+)]c/[Ca(2+)]m increased higher than in hypertensive with mutation cells from another three groups. Moreover, MCU expression was decreased in hypertensive with mutation cells compared with in another three groups (P<0.05). [Ca(2+)]c increased and [Ca(2+)]m decreased after treatment with Ru360 (an inhibitor of MCU) or an siRNA against MCU. In this study we found decreased MCU expression in hypertensive with mutation cells contributed to dysregulated Ca(2+) uptake into the mitochondria, and cytoplasmic Ca(2+) overload. This abnormality might be involved in the underlying mechanisms of maternally inherited hypertension in subjects carrying the mitochondrial tRNA(Ile) A4263G mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhongqi Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jinwen Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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111
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Elijovich F, Weinberger MH, Anderson CAM, Appel LJ, Bursztyn M, Cook NR, Dart RA, Newton-Cheh CH, Sacks FM, Laffer CL. Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension 2016; 68:e7-e46. [PMID: 27443572 DOI: 10.1161/hyp.0000000000000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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112
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Liu CT, Raghavan S, Maruthur N, Kabagambe EK, Hong J, Ng MCY, Hivert MF, Lu Y, An P, Bentley AR, Drolet AM, Gaulton KJ, Guo X, Armstrong LL, Irvin MR, Li M, Lipovich L, Rybin DV, Taylor KD, Agyemang C, Palmer ND, Cade BE, Chen WM, Dauriz M, Delaney JAC, Edwards TL, Evans DS, Evans MK, Lange LA, Leong A, Liu J, Liu Y, Nayak U, Patel SR, Porneala BC, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Snijder MB, Stallings SC, Tanaka T, Yanek LR, Zhao W, Becker DM, Bielak LF, Biggs ML, Bottinger EP, Bowden DW, Chen G, Correa A, Couper DJ, Crawford DC, Cushman M, Eicher JD, Fornage M, Franceschini N, Fu YP, Goodarzi MO, Gottesman O, Hara K, Harris TB, Jensen RA, Johnson AD, Jhun MA, Karter AJ, Keller MF, Kho AN, Kizer JR, Krauss RM, Langefeld CD, Li X, Liang J, Liu S, Lowe WL, Mosley TH, North KE, Pacheco JA, Peyser PA, Patrick AL, Rice KM, Selvin E, Sims M, Smith JA, Tajuddin SM, Vaidya D, Wren MP, Yao J, Zhu X, Ziegler JT, Zmuda JM, Zonderman AB, Zwinderman AH, Adeyemo A, Boerwinkle E, Ferrucci L, Hayes MG, Kardia SLR, Miljkovic I, Pankow JS, Rotimi CN, Sale MM, Wagenknecht LE, Arnett DK, Chen YDI, Nalls MA, Province MA, Kao WHL, Siscovick DS, Psaty BM, Wilson JG, Loos RJF, Dupuis J, Rich SS, Florez JC, Rotter JI, Morris AP, Meigs JB. Trans-ethnic Meta-analysis and Functional Annotation Illuminates the Genetic Architecture of Fasting Glucose and Insulin. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:56-75. [PMID: 27321945 PMCID: PMC5005440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the genetic basis of the type 2 diabetes (T2D)-related quantitative traits fasting glucose (FG) and insulin (FI) in African ancestry (AA) individuals has been limited. In non-diabetic subjects of AA (n = 20,209) and European ancestry (EA; n = 57,292), we performed trans-ethnic (AA+EA) fine-mapping of 54 established EA FG or FI loci with detailed functional annotation, assessed their relevance in AA individuals, and sought previously undescribed loci through trans-ethnic (AA+EA) meta-analysis. We narrowed credible sets of variants driving association signals for 22/54 EA-associated loci; 18/22 credible sets overlapped with active islet-specific enhancers or transcription factor (TF) binding sites, and 21/22 contained at least one TF motif. Of the 54 EA-associated loci, 23 were shared between EA and AA. Replication with an additional 10,096 AA individuals identified two previously undescribed FI loci, chrX FAM133A (rs213676) and chr5 PELO (rs6450057). Trans-ethnic analyses with regulatory annotation illuminate the genetic architecture of glycemic traits and suggest gene regulation as a target to advance precision medicine for T2D. Our approach to utilize state-of-the-art functional annotation and implement trans-ethnic association analysis for discovery and fine-mapping offers a framework for further follow-up and characterization of GWAS signals of complex trait loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Sridharan Raghavan
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, CO 80220, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80220, USA
| | - Nisa Maruthur
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Edmond Kato Kabagambe
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Jaeyoung Hong
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 0A2, Canada
| | - Yingchang Lu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ping An
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anne M Drolet
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kyle J Gaulton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Loren L Armstrong
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama - Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Man Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Leonard Lipovich
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Denis V Rybin
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Brian E Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Marco Dauriz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Joseph A C Delaney
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Daniel S Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Health Disparities Research Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27607, USA
| | - Aaron Leong
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jingmin Liu
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Center for Human Genetics, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Uma Nayak
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Sanjay R Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bianca C Porneala
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Marieke B Snijder
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah C Stallings
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute of Aging at Harbor Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21225, USA
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Diane M Becker
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mary L Biggs
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - David J Couper
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Dana C Crawford
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - John D Eicher
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Fu
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Omri Gottesman
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kazuo Hara
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 163-0023, Japan
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard A Jensen
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Min A Jhun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Andrew J Karter
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California Region, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Margaux F Keller
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abel N Kho
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Jingling Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - William L Lowe
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Division of Geriatrics/Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Jennifer A Pacheco
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alan L Patrick
- Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Kenneth M Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mario Sims
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Salman M Tajuddin
- Health Disparities Research Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mary P Wren
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Julie T Ziegler
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Behavioral Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology & Population Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, US
| | - Aeilko H Zwinderman
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute of Aging at Harbor Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21225, USA
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michele M Sale
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY 40563, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Michael A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - W H Linda Kao
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - David S Siscovick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - James B Meigs
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Wang JJC, Rau C, Avetisyan R, Ren S, Romay MC, Stolin G, Gong KW, Wang Y, Lusis AJ. Genetic Dissection of Cardiac Remodeling in an Isoproterenol-Induced Heart Failure Mouse Model. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006038. [PMID: 27385019 PMCID: PMC4934852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to understand the genetic control of cardiac remodeling using an isoproterenol-induced heart failure model in mice, which allowed control of confounding factors in an experimental setting. We characterized the changes in cardiac structure and function in response to chronic isoproterenol infusion using echocardiography in a panel of 104 inbred mouse strains. We showed that cardiac structure and function, whether under normal or stress conditions, has a strong genetic component, with heritability estimates of left ventricular mass between 61% and 81%. Association analyses of cardiac remodeling traits, corrected for population structure, body size and heart rate, revealed 17 genome-wide significant loci, including several loci containing previously implicated genes. Cardiac tissue gene expression profiling, expression quantitative trait loci, expression-phenotype correlation, and coding sequence variation analyses were performed to prioritize candidate genes and to generate hypotheses for downstream mechanistic studies. Using this approach, we have validated a novel gene, Myh14, as a negative regulator of ISO-induced left ventricular mass hypertrophy in an in vivo mouse model and demonstrated the up-regulation of immediate early gene Myc, fetal gene Nppb, and fibrosis gene Lgals3 in ISO-treated Myh14 deficient hearts compared to controls. Heart failure is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in the aging population. Previous large-scale human genome-wide association studies have yielded only a handful of genetic loci contributing to heart failure-related traits. Using a panel of diverse inbred mouse strains, treated with a β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol to mimic the heart failure state, we sought to uncover the contribution of common genetic variation in heart failure. We found that heart failure has a strong genetic component. We successfully identified 17 genome-wide significant loci associated with indices of heart failure. We showed that genetic variation in a novel gene Myh14 affects heart failure by altering the mechanical responses of heart muscles to isoproterenol-induced stress. Follow-up studies of this gene and additional candidate genes and loci should reveal potential mechanisms by which genetic variations contribute to heart failure in the general human population. Such insights may lead to improved diagnosis and tailor treatment based on the genetic makeup of individuals in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Jen-Chu Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JJCW); (AJL)
| | - Christoph Rau
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rozeta Avetisyan
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shuxun Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Milagros C. Romay
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Stolin
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ke Wei Gong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yibin Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JJCW); (AJL)
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114
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Beecham AH, Wang L, Vasudeva N, Liu Z, Dong C, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ, Pericak-Vance MA, Rundek T, Seo D, Blanton SH, Sacco RL, Beecham GW. Utility of blood pressure genetic risk score in admixed Hispanic samples. J Hum Hypertens 2016; 30:772-777. [PMID: 27251080 PMCID: PMC6456256 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2016.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is strongly influenced by genetic factors. Although
hypertension prevalence in some Hispanic sub-populations is greater than in
non-Hispanic whites, genetic studies on hypertension have focused primarily on
samples of European descent. A recent meta-analysis of 200,000 individuals of
European descent identified 29 common genetic variants that influence blood
pressure, and a genetic risk score derived from the 29 variants has been
proposed. We sought to evaluate the utility of this genetic risk score in
Hispanics. The sample set consists of 1994 Hispanics from two cohorts: the
Northern Manhattan Study (primarily Dominican/Puerto Rican) and the Miami
Cardiovascular Registry (primarily Cuban/South American). Risk scores for
systolic and diastolic blood pressure were computed as a weighted sum of the
risk alleles, with the regression coefficients reported in the European
meta-analysis used as weights. Association of risk score with blood pressure was
tested within each cohort, adjusting for age, age squared, sex, and BMI. Results
were combined using an inverse-variance meta-analysis. The risk score was
significantly associated with blood pressure in our combined sample (p = 5.65
× 10−4 for systolic and p = 1.65 ×
10−3 for diastolic) but the magnitude of the regression
coefficients varied by degree of European, African, and Native American
admixture. Further studies among other Hispanic sub-populations are needed to
elucidate the role of these 29 variants and identify additional genetic and
environmental factors contributing to blood pressure variability in
Hispanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Beecham
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Dr John T Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - L Wang
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Dr John T Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - N Vasudeva
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Dr John T Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Z Liu
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Dr John T Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - C Dong
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - P J Goldschmidt-Clermont
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M A Pericak-Vance
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Dr John T Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - T Rundek
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - D Seo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - S H Blanton
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Dr John T Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - R L Sacco
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - G W Beecham
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Dr John T Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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115
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Parmar PG, Taal HR, Timpson NJ, Thiering E, Lehtimäki T, Marinelli M, Lind PA, Howe LD, Verwoert G, Aalto V, Uitterlinden AG, Briollais L, Evans DM, Wright MJ, Newnham JP, Whitfield JB, Lyytikäinen LP, Rivadeneira F, Boomsma DI, Viikari J, Gillman MW, St Pourcain B, Hottenga JJ, Montgomery GW, Hofman A, Kähönen M, Martin NG, Tobin MD, Raitakari O, Vioque J, Jaddoe VW, Jarvelin MR, Beilin LJ, Heinrich J, van Duijn CM, Pennell CE, Lawlor DA, Palmer LJ. International Genome-Wide Association Study Consortium Identifies Novel Loci Associated With Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2016; 9:266-278. [PMID: 26969751 PMCID: PMC5279885 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.115.001190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to identify genetic variants associated with blood pressure (BP) in childhood and adolescence. METHODS AND RESULTS Genome-wide association study data from participating European ancestry cohorts of the Early Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) Consortium was meta-analyzed across 3 epochs; prepuberty (4-7 years), puberty (8-12 years), and postpuberty (13-20 years). Two novel loci were identified as having genome-wide associations with systolic BP across specific age epochs: rs1563894 (ITGA11, located in active H3K27Ac mark and transcription factor chromatin immunoprecipitation and 5'-C-phosphate-G-3' methylation site) during prepuberty (P=2.86×10(-8)) and rs872256 during puberty (P=8.67×10(-9)). Several single-nucleotide polymorphism clusters were also associated with childhood BP at P<5×10(-3). Using a P value threshold of <5×10(-3), we found some overlap in variants across the different age epochs within our study and between several single-nucleotide polymorphisms in any of the 3 epochs and adult BP-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that genetic determinants of BP act from childhood, develop over the lifecourse, and show some evidence of age-specific effects.
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116
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Gottesman RF, Fornage M, Knopman DS, Mosley TH. Brain Aging in African-Americans: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Experience. Curr Alzheimer Res 2016; 12:607-13. [PMID: 26239037 DOI: 10.2174/1567205012666150701102445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reported rates of dementia differ by race, although most studies have not focused on carefully measured outcomes, confounding by education or other demographic factors, nor have they studied other outcomes other than dementia. In this review we will discuss the experience in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study evaluating racial disparities relating to stroke, subclinical brain infarction, leukoaraiosis, as well as cognitive change and dementia. ARIC is a biracial cohort of 15,792 participants from four U.S. communities, initially recruited in 1987-1989, and seen at a total of 5 in-person visits (most recently seen in 2011-2013) with annual follow-up phone calls. We will provide evidence from ARIC studies that disproportionate rates of vascular risk factors explain at least some of these observed disparities by race, but particular risk factors, including diabetes, may differentially affect the brain in African-American versus white participants. In addition, we will review some of the disparities by race in studies focusing on the genetics of stroke, small vessel disease, and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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117
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Taylor JY, Wright ML, Crusto CA, Sun YV. The Intergenerational Impact of Genetic and Psychological Factors on Blood Pressure (InterGEN) Study: Design and Methods for Complex DNA Analysis. Biol Res Nurs 2016; 18:521-30. [PMID: 27118148 DOI: 10.1177/1099800416645399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Intergenerational Impact of Genetic and Psychological Factors on Blood Pressure (InterGEN) study aims to delineate the independent and interaction effects of genomic (genetic and epigenetic) and psychological-environmental (maternally perceived racial discrimination, mental health, and parenting behavior) factors on blood pressure (BP) among African American mother-child dyads over time. The purpose of this article is to describe the two-step genetic and epigenetic approach that will be executed to explore Gene × Environment interactions on BP using a longitudinal cohort design. Procedure for the single collection of DNA at Time 1 includes the use of the Oragene 500-format saliva sample collection tube, which provides enough DNA for both the Illumina Multi-Ethnic Genotyping and 850K EPIC methylation analyses. BP readings, height, weight, percentage of body fat, and percentage of body water will be measured on all participants every 6 months for 2 years for a total of 4 time points. Genomic data analyses to be completed include multivariate modeling, assessment of population admixture and structure, and extended analyses including Bonferroni correction, false discovery rate methods, Monte Carlo approach, EIGENSTRAT methods, and so on, to determine relationships among both main and interaction effects of genetic, epigenetic, and psychological environmental factors on BP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cindy A Crusto
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA Department of Psychology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yan V Sun
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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118
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Yu B, Pulit SL, Hwang SJ, Brody JA, Amin N, Auer PL, Bis JC, Boerwinkle E, Burke GL, Chakravarti A, Correa A, Dreisbach AW, Franco OH, Ehret GB, Franceschini N, Hofman A, Lin DY, Metcalf GA, Musani SK, Muzny D, Palmas W, Raffel L, Reiner A, Rice K, Rotter JI, Veeraraghavan N, Fox E, Guo X, North KE, Gibbs RA, van Duijn CM, Psaty BM, Levy D, Newton-Cheh C, Morrison AC. Rare Exome Sequence Variants in CLCN6 Reduce Blood Pressure Levels and Hypertension Risk. CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2016; 9:64-70. [PMID: 26658788 PMCID: PMC4771070 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.115.001215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare genetic variants influence blood pressure (BP). METHODS AND RESULTS Whole-exome sequencing was performed on DNA samples from 17 956 individuals of European ancestry and African ancestry (14 497, first-stage discovery and 3459, second-stage discovery) to examine the effect of rare variants on hypertension and 4 BP traits: systolic BP, diastolic BP, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure. Tests of ≈170 000 common variants (minor allele frequency, ≥1%; statistical significance, P≤2.9×10(-7)) and gene-based tests of rare variants (minor allele frequency, <1%; ≈17 000 genes; statistical significance, P≤1.5×10(-6)) were evaluated for each trait and ancestry, followed by multiethnic meta-analyses. In the first-stage discovery, rare coding variants (splicing, stop-gain, stop-loss, nonsynonymous variants, or indels) in CLCN6 were associated with lower diastolic BP (cumulative minor allele frequency, 1.3%; β=-3.20; P=4.1×10(-6)) and were independent of a nearby common variant (rs17367504) previously associated with BP. CLCN6 rare variants were also associated with lower systolic BP (β=-4.11; P=2.8×10(-4)), mean arterial pressure (β=-3.50; P=8.9×10(-6)), and reduced hypertension risk (odds ratio, 0.72; P=0.017). Meta-analysis of the 2-stage discovery samples showed that CLCN6 was associated with lower diastolic BP at exome-wide significance (cumulative minor allele frequency, 1.1%; β=-3.30; P=5.0×10(-7)). CONCLUSIONS These findings implicate the effect of rare coding variants in CLCN6 in BP variation and offer new insights into BP regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yu
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Sara L. Pulit
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, Cambridge
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jennifer A. Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul L. Auer
- School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Gregory L. Burke
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Albert W. Dreisbach
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Oscar H. Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Georg B. Ehret
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Genève, Switzerland
| | | | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dan-Yu Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ginger A. Metcalf
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Solomon K. Musani
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Donna Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Walter Palmas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Leslie Raffel
- Medical Genetics Research Institute & UCLA Clinical & Translational Science Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alex Reiner
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Ken Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics & Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor- University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | | | - Ervin Fox
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics & Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor- University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology & Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Departments of Epidemiology & Health Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Christopher Newton-Cheh
- Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, Cambridge
- Cardiovascular Research Center & Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Alanna C. Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
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119
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Taylor JY, Schwander K, Kardia SLR, Arnett D, Liang J, Hunt SC, Rao DC, Sun YV. A Genome-wide study of blood pressure in African Americans accounting for gene-smoking interaction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18812. [PMID: 26752167 PMCID: PMC4707536 DOI: 10.1038/srep18812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking has been shown to be a health hazard. In addition to being considered a negative lifestyle behavior, studies have shown that cigarette smoking has been linked to genetic underpinnings of hypertension. Because African Americans have the highest incidence and prevalence of hypertension, we examined the joint effect of genetics and cigarette smoking on health among this understudied population. The sample included African Americans from the genome wide association studies of HyperGEN (N = 1083, discovery sample) and GENOA (N = 1427, replication sample), both part of the FBPP. Results suggested that 2 SNPs located on chromosomes 14 (NEDD8; rs11158609; raw p = 9.80 × 10−9, genomic control-adjusted p = 2.09 × 10−7) and 17 (TTYH2; rs8078051; raw p = 6.28 × 10−8, genomic control-adjusted p = 9.65 × 10−7) were associated with SBP including the genetic interaction with cigarette smoking. These two SNPs were not associated with SBP in a main genetic effect only model. This study advances knowledge in the area of main and joint effects of genetics and cigarette smoking on hypertension among African Americans and offers a model to the reader for assessing these risks. More research is required to determine how these genes play a role in expression of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Schwander
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Donna Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Cardiovascular Genetics Division, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - D C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta
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120
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Demura M, Saijoh K. The Role of DNA Methylation in Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 956:583-598. [PMID: 27888489 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is the covalent modification of DNA that affects its function, without altering DNA sequences. Three important roles of DNA methylation include intrauterine programming, acquired predisposition, and transgenerational inheritance. A wide variety of factors can affect DNA methylation. Intrauterine programming involves drastic changes in DNA methylation patterns during cellular development and differentiation, which have a long-lasting effect on the predisposition of offspring. Influences from the mother, including maternal nutritional status, modify intrauterine epigenetic programming. In contrast to the rapid and drastic changes in utero, postnatal factors in daily life can also continue to slowly and dynamically change DNA methylation patterns in both somatic and germ cells. Epigenetic changes occurring in germ cell DNA exert a transgenerational impact on the phenotype of future generations, thus providing a means for ancestral transmission of environmental experiences. Despite adaptive ability, mismatch effect of transgenerational inheritance could be potentially harmful to health if environment has changed, and the acquired acclimatization is no longer beneficial. Increasing evidence from both human and animal studies indicates that DNA methylation exerts a causal impact on the development of hypertension. Therefore, an adverse outcome of maternal malnutrition could be the development of hypertension in offspring, whereby nutritional factors or disease conditions could induce phenotypes susceptible to hypertension through alteration of DNA methylation patterns. These factors are likely to alter DNA methylation patterns in all tissues including germ cells, and despite no direct evidence of an association between transgenerational epigenetic inheritance and hypertension, it is likely to play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Demura
- Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Kiyofumi Saijoh
- Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
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121
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Ward LD, Kellis M. HaploReg v4: systematic mining of putative causal variants, cell types, regulators and target genes for human complex traits and disease. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:D877-81. [PMID: 26657631 PMCID: PMC4702929 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 698] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 90% of common variants associated with complex traits do not affect proteins directly, but instead the circuits that control gene expression. This has increased the urgency of understanding the regulatory genome as a key component for translating genetic results into mechanistic insights and ultimately therapeutics. To address this challenge, we developed HaploReg (http://compbio.mit.edu/HaploReg) to aid the functional dissection of genome-wide association study (GWAS) results, the prediction of putative causal variants in haplotype blocks, the prediction of likely cell types of action, and the prediction of candidate target genes by systematic mining of comparative, epigenomic and regulatory annotations. Since first launching the website in 2011, we have greatly expanded HaploReg, increasing the number of chromatin state maps to 127 reference epigenomes from ENCODE 2012 and Roadmap Epigenomics, incorporating regulator binding data, expanding regulatory motif disruption annotations, and integrating expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) variants and their tissue-specific target genes from GTEx, Geuvadis, and other recent studies. We present these updates as HaploReg v4, and illustrate a use case of HaploReg for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-associated SNPs with putative brain regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D Ward
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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122
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Kato N, Loh M, Takeuchi F, Verweij N, Wang X, Zhang W, Kelly TN, Saleheen D, Lehne B, Leach IM, Drong AW, Abbott J, Wahl S, Tan ST, Scott WR, Campanella G, Chadeau-Hyam M, Afzal U, Ahluwalia TS, Bonder MJ, Chen P, Dehghan A, Edwards TL, Esko T, Go MJ, Harris SE, Hartiala J, Kasela S, Kasturiratne A, Khor CC, Kleber ME, Li H, Yu Mok Z, Nakatochi M, Sapari NS, Saxena R, Stewart AFR, Stolk L, Tabara Y, Teh AL, Wu Y, Wu JY, Zhang Y, Aits I, Da Silva Couto Alves A, Das S, Dorajoo R, Hopewell JC, Kim YK, Koivula RW, Luan J, Lyytikäinen LP, Nguyen QN, Pereira MA, Postmus I, Raitakari OT, Bryan MS, Scott RA, Sorice R, Tragante V, Traglia M, White J, Yamamoto K, Zhang Y, Adair LS, Ahmed A, Akiyama K, Asif R, Aung T, Barroso I, Bjonnes A, Braun TR, Cai H, Chang LC, Chen CH, Cheng CY, Chong YS, Collins R, Courtney R, Davies G, Delgado G, Do LD, Doevendans PA, Gansevoort RT, Gao YT, Grammer TB, Grarup N, Grewal J, Gu D, Wander GS, Hartikainen AL, Hazen SL, He J, Heng CK, Hixson JE, Hofman A, Hsu C, Huang W, Husemoen LLN, Hwang JY, Ichihara S, Igase M, Isono M, Justesen JM, Katsuya T, Kibriya MG, Kim YJ, Kishimoto M, Koh WP, Kohara K, Kumari M, Kwek K, Lee NR, Lee J, Liao J, Lieb W, Liewald DCM, Matsubara T, Matsushita Y, Meitinger T, Mihailov E, Milani L, Mills R, Mononen N, Müller-Nurasyid M, Nabika T, Nakashima E, Ng HK, Nikus K, Nutile T, Ohkubo T, Ohnaka K, Parish S, Paternoster L, Peng H, Peters A, Pham ST, Pinidiyapathirage MJ, Rahman M, Rakugi H, Rolandsson O, Ann Rozario M, Ruggiero D, Sala CF, Sarju R, Shimokawa K, Snieder H, Sparsø T, Spiering W, Starr JM, Stott DJ, Stram DO, Sugiyama T, Szymczak S, Tang WHW, Tong L, Trompet S, Turjanmaa V, Ueshima H, Uitterlinden AG, Umemura S, Vaarasmaki M, van Dam RM, van Gilst WH, van Veldhuisen DJ, Viikari JS, Waldenberger M, Wang Y, Wang A, Wilson R, Wong TY, Xiang YB, Yamaguchi S, Ye X, Young RD, Young TL, Yuan JM, Zhou X, Asselbergs FW, Ciullo M, Clarke R, Deloukas P, Franke A, Franks PW, Franks S, Friedlander Y, Gross MD, Guo Z, Hansen T, Jarvelin MR, Jørgensen T, Jukema JW, kähönen M, Kajio H, Kivimaki M, Lee JY, Lehtimäki T, Linneberg A, Miki T, Pedersen O, Samani NJ, Sørensen TIA, Takayanagi R, Toniolo D, Ahsan H, Allayee H, Chen YT, Danesh J, Deary IJ, Franco OH, Franke L, Heijman BT, Holbrook JD, Isaacs A, Kim BJ, Lin X, Liu J, März W, Metspalu A, Mohlke KL, Sanghera DK, Shu XO, van Meurs JBJ, Vithana E, Wickremasinghe AR, Wijmenga C, Wolffenbuttel BHW, Yokota M, Zheng W, Zhu D, Vineis P, Kyrtopoulos SA, Kleinjans JCS, McCarthy MI, Soong R, Gieger C, Scott J, Teo YY, He J, Elliott P, Tai ES, van der Harst P, Kooner JS, Chambers JC. Trans-ancestry genome-wide association study identifies 12 genetic loci influencing blood pressure and implicates a role for DNA methylation. Nat Genet 2015; 47:1282-1293. [PMID: 26390057 PMCID: PMC4719169 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We carried out a trans-ancestry genome-wide association and replication study of blood pressure phenotypes among up to 320,251 individuals of East Asian, European and South Asian ancestry. We find genetic variants at 12 new loci to be associated with blood pressure (P = 3.9 × 10(-11) to 5.0 × 10(-21)). The sentinel blood pressure SNPs are enriched for association with DNA methylation at multiple nearby CpG sites, suggesting that, at some of the loci identified, DNA methylation may lie on the regulatory pathway linking sequence variation to blood pressure. The sentinel SNPs at the 12 new loci point to genes involved in vascular smooth muscle (IGFBP3, KCNK3, PDE3A and PRDM6) and renal (ARHGAP24, OSR1, SLC22A7 and TBX2) function. The new and known genetic variants predict increased left ventricular mass, circulating levels of NT-proBNP, and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality (P = 0.04 to 8.6 × 10(-6)). Our results provide new evidence for the role of DNA methylation in blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marie Loh
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xu Wang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Ealing Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Middlesex, UK
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin Lehne
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Irene Mateo Leach
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander W Drong
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Abbott
- Bioinformatics Support Service, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simone Wahl
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sian-Tsung Tan
- Ealing Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Middlesex, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - William R Scott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gianluca Campanella
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Uzma Afzal
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Ealing Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Middlesex, UK
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COSPAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Marc Jan Bonder
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peng Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Center for Human Genetics Research, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Min Jin Go
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine and Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Aging and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jaana Hartiala
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Silva Kasela
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Medical Clinic V, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Huaixing Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuan Yu Mok
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nur Sabrina Sapari
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandre F R Stewart
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisette Stolk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ai Ling Teh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China
| | - Imke Aits
- Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank popgen, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexessander Da Silva Couto Alves
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (PHE) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shikta Das
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (PHE) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jemma C Hopewell
- Clinical Trials Support Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yun Kyoung Kim
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert W Koivula
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jian’an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Quang N Nguyen
- Vietnam National Heart Institute, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mark A Pereira
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Iris Postmus
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Molly Scannell Bryan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rossella Sorice
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Vinicius Tragante
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michela Traglia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) ‘Burlo Garofolo’, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jon White
- University College London Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Environment and Evolution, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ken Yamamoto
- Division of Genomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Koichi Akiyama
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rasheed Asif
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Inês Barroso
- Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Bjonnes
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy R Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Li-Ching Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke–National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rory Collins
- Clinical Trials Support Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Regina Courtney
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Aging and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Graciela Delgado
- Medical Clinic V, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Loi D Do
- Vietnam National Heart Institute, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ron T Gansevoort
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Tanja B Grammer
- Medical Clinic V, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jagvir Grewal
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Ealing Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Middlesex, UK
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Fu Wai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gurpreet S Wander
- Dayanand Medical College and Hospital Unit, Hero DMC Heart Institute, Ludhiana, India
| | - Anna-Liisa Hartikainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jing He
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - James E Hixson
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chris Hsu
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics, Chinese National Human Genomic Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lise L N Husemoen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Joo-Yeon Hwang
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Michiya Igase
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masato Isono
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Johanne M Justesen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Muhammad G Kibriya
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
- Duke–National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Katsuhiko Kohara
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nanette R Lee
- University of San Carlos Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Jeannette Lee
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Jiemin Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank popgen, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - David C M Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Aging and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tatsuaki Matsubara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsushita
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Japan
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rebecca Mills
- Ealing Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Middlesex, UK
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Eitaro Nakashima
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Chubu Rosai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hong Kiat Ng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keizo Ohnaka
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sarah Parish
- Clinical Trials Support Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Hao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Son T Pham
- Vietnam National Heart Institute, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Mahfuzar Rahman
- UChicago Research Bangladesh, Uttara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Research and Evaluation Division, Bangladesh Rehabilitation Assistance Committee (BRAC), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Olov Rolandsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Family Medicine, Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michelle Ann Rozario
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia F Sala
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ralhan Sarju
- Dayanand Medical College and Hospital Unit, Hero DMC Heart Institute, Ludhiana, India
| | - Kazuro Shimokawa
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Sparsø
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wilko Spiering
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Aging and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Stott
- Academic Section of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel O Stram
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Takao Sugiyama
- Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Silke Szymczak
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lin Tong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Väinö Turjanmaa
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Satoshi Umemura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Marja Vaarasmaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Wiek H van Gilst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jorma S Viikari
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Aili Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rory Wilson
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhei Yamaguchi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Xingwang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Robin D Young
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Terri L Young
- Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders (NBD) Program, Duke–National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Duke Eye Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xueya Zhou
- Bioinformatics Division, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Informatics Science and Technology (TNLIST), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, TNLIST, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN)–Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trials Support Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Family Medicine, Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steve Franks
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Myron D Gross
- School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Zhirong Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (PHE) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life Course Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN)–Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- ICIN, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mika kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hiroshi Kajio
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Ministry of Health and Welfare, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- THERAGEN ETEX Bio Institute, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tetsuro Miki
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ryoichi Takayanagi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Daniela Toniolo
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council (CNR), Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yuan-Tsong Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - John Danesh
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Aging and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan T Heijman
- Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Winfried März
- Medical Clinic V, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Services, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dharambir K Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eranga Vithana
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders (NBD) Program, Duke–National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bruce H W Wolffenbuttel
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mitsuhiro Yokota
- Department of Genome Science, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dingliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Soterios A Kyrtopoulos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richie Soong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - James Scott
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yik-Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN)–Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Ealing Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Middlesex, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Ealing Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Middlesex, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Sex-specific association of rs4746172 of VCL gene with hypertension in two Han populations from Southern China. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15245. [PMID: 26487440 PMCID: PMC4613695 DOI: 10.1038/srep15245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the most common and lethal risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Numerous variants have been associated with hypertension, however, most of which failed to get replication due to ethnic differences. In this study, we analyzed associations of 10 newly reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Europeans with hypertension in Chinese. A total of 1766 samples consisting of 880 subjects with hypertension and 886 controls were collected and the SNPs were genotyped using multiple assays based on the SNaPshot mini-sequencing approach. Our results revealed a significant genotypic association of rs4746172 of VCL with hypertension with a lower frequency of minor allele in male subjects (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.54-0.92, p = 0.011) but not in females. To validate the result, we genotyped the SNPs in another Chinese population with 546 individuals, and got a consistent association for the rs4746172 (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.38-0.82, p = 2.4 × 10(-3)) in males. The VCL-encoding protein was involved in cardiomyopathy that associated with hypertension, therefore our results suggest the rs4746172 of VCL may be a novel target for clinical interventions to reduce CVD risk by regulating blood pressure in male Chinese.
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Zheng J, Rao DC, Shi G. An update on genome-wide association studies of hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40535-015-0013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Sung YJ, Basson J, Cheng N, Nguyen KDH, Nandakumar P, Hunt SC, Arnett DK, Dávila-Román VG, Rao DC, Chakravarti A. The role of rare variants in systolic blood pressure: analysis of ExomeChip data in HyperGEN African Americans. Hum Hered 2015; 79:20-7. [PMID: 25765051 DOI: 10.1159/000375373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are among the most significant health problems in the United States today, with their major risk factor, hypertension, disproportionately affecting African Americans (AAs). Although GWAS have identified dozens of common variants associated with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension in European Americans, these variants collectively explain <2.5% of BP variance, and most of the genetic variants remain yet to be identified. Here, we report the results from rare-variant analysis of systolic BP using 94,595 rare and low-frequency variants (minor allele frequency, MAF, <5%) from the Illumina exome array genotyped in 2,045 HyperGEN AAs. In addition to single-variant analysis, 4 gene-level association tests were used for analysis: burden and family-based SKAT tests using MAF cutoffs of 1 and 5%. The gene-based methods often provided lower p values than the single-variant approach. Some consistency was observed across these 4 gene-based analysis options. While neither the gene-based analyses nor the single-variant analysis produced genome-wide significant results, the top signals, which had supporting evidence from multiple gene-based methods, were of borderline significance. Though additional molecular validations are required, 6 of the 16 most promising genes are biologically plausible with physiological connections to BP regulation.
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Lu X, Huang J, Wang L, Chen S, Yang X, Li J, Cao J, Chen J, Li Y, Zhao L, Li H, Liu F, Huang C, Shen C, Shen J, Yu L, Xu L, Mu J, Wu X, Ji X, Guo D, Zhou Z, Yang Z, Wang R, Yang J, Yan W, Gu D. Genetic predisposition to higher blood pressure increases risk of incident hypertension and cardiovascular diseases in Chinese. Hypertension 2015; 66:786-92. [PMID: 26283040 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although multiple genetic markers associated with blood pressure have been identified by genome-wide association studies, their aggregate effect on risk of incident hypertension and cardiovascular disease is uncertain, particularly among East Asian who may have different genetic and environmental exposures from Europeans. We aimed to examine the association between genetic predisposition to higher blood pressure and risk of incident hypertension and cardiovascular disease in 26 262 individuals in 2 Chinese population-based prospective cohorts. A genetic risk score was calculated based on 22 established variants for blood pressure in East Asian. We found the genetic risk score was significantly and independently associated with linear increases in blood pressure and risk of incident hypertension and cardiovascular disease (P range from 4.57×10(-3) to 3.10×10(-6)). In analyses adjusted for traditional risk factors including blood pressure, individuals carrying most blood pressure-related risk alleles (top quintile of genetic score distribution) had 40% (95% confidence interval, 18-66) and 26% (6-45) increased risk for incident hypertension and cardiovascular disease, respectively, when compared with individuals in the bottom quintile. The genetic risk score also significantly improved discrimination for incident hypertension and cardiovascular disease and led to modest improvements in risk reclassification for cardiovascular disease (all the P<0.05). Our data indicate that genetic predisposition to higher blood pressure is an independent risk factor for blood pressure increase and incident hypertension and cardiovascular disease and provides modest incremental information to cardiovascular disease risk prediction. The potential clinical use of this panel of blood pressure-associated polymorphisms remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Lu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Laiyuan Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Shufeng Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Xueli Yang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Jianxin Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Jie Cao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Jichun Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Ying Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Hongfan Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Fangcao Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Chen Huang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Chong Shen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Jinjin Shen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Ling Yu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Lihua Xu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Jianjun Mu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Xianping Wu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Xu Ji
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Dongshuang Guo
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Zhengyuan Zhou
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Zili Yang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Renping Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Jun Yang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Weili Yan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.)
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.L., L.W., S.C., X.Y., J.L., J. Cao, J. Chen, Y.L., L.Z., F.L., C.H., D. Gu) and Hypertension Division (J.H.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (L.W., H.L.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (C.S.); Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Y.); Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin, China (L.X.); Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China (J.M.); Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (X.W.); Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, China (X.J.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi, China (D. Guo); Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China (Z.Z.); Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (R.W.); Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China (J.Y.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.Y.).
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Smith JA, Ware EB, Middha P, Beacher L, Kardia SLR. Current Applications of Genetic Risk Scores to Cardiovascular Outcomes and Subclinical Phenotypes. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2015; 2:180-190. [PMID: 26269782 PMCID: PMC4527979 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-015-0046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic risk scores are a useful tool for examining the cumulative predictive ability of genetic variation on cardiovascular disease. Important considerations for creating genetic risk scores include the choice of genetic variants, weighting, and comparability across ethnicities. Genetic risk scores that use information from genome-wide meta-analyses can successfully predict cardiovascular outcomes and subclinical phenotypes, yet there is limited clinical utility of these scores beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors in many populations. Novel uses of genetic risk scores include evaluating the genetic contribution of specific intermediate traits or risk factors to cardiovascular disease, risk prediction in high-risk populations, gene-by-environment interaction studies, and Mendelian randomization studies. Though questions remain about the ultimate clinical utility of the genetic risk score, further investigation in high-risk populations and new ways to combine genetic risk scores with traditional risk factors may prove to be fruitful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Smith
- />Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Erin B. Ware
- />Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- />Research Center for Group Dynamics, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA
| | - Pooja Middha
- />Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Lisa Beacher
- />Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Sharon L. R. Kardia
- />Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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Adefurin A, Ghimire LV, Kohli U, Muszkat M, Sofowora GG, Li C, Paranjape SY, Stein CM, Kurnik D. Genetic variation in the α1A-adrenergic receptor and phenylephrine-mediated venoconstriction. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2015; 15:310-5. [PMID: 25421140 PMCID: PMC4442768 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2014.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There is large interindividual variability and ethnic differences in phenylephrine-mediated vasoconstriction. We tested the hypothesis that genetic variation in ADRA1A, the α1A adrenergic receptor gene, contributes to the variability and ethnic differences. We measured local dorsal hand vein responses to increasing doses of phenylephrine in 64 Caucasians and 42 African-Americans and genotyped for 32 ADRA1A single nucleotide polymorphisms. The ED50 ranged from 11 to 5442 ng min(-1), and the Emax ranged from 13.5-100%. The rs574647 variant was associated with a trend towards lower logED50 in each race and in the combined cohort (P=0.008). In addition, rs1079078 was associated with a trend to higher logED50 in each race and in the combined cohort (P=0.011). Neither variant accounted for the ethnic differences in response. None of the ADRA1A haplotypes was associated with the outcomes. In conclusion, ADRA1A variants do not contribute substantially to the marked interindividual variability or ethnic differences in phenylephrine-mediated venoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun Adefurin
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Laxmi V. Ghimire
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Utkarsh Kohli
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mordechai Muszkat
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gbenga G. Sofowora
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sachin Y. Paranjape
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - C. Michael Stein
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel Kurnik
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Xu K, Ma L, Li Y, Wang F, Zheng GY, Sun Z, Jiang F, Chen Y, Liu H, Dang A, Chen X, Chun J, Tian XL. Genetic and Functional Evidence Supports LPAR1 as a Susceptibility Gene for Hypertension. Hypertension 2015; 66:641-6. [PMID: 26123684 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Essential hypertension is a complex disease affected by genetic and environmental factors and serves as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Serum lysophosphatidic acid correlates with an elevated blood pressure in rats, and lysophosphatidic acid interacts with 6 subtypes of receptors. In this study, we assessed the genetic association of lysophosphatidic acid receptors with essential hypertension by genotyping 28 single-nucleotide polymorphisms from genes encoding for lysophosphatidic acid receptors, LPAR1, LPAR2, LPAR3, LPAR4, LPAR5, and LPAR6 and their flanking sequences, in 3 Han Chinese cohorts consisting of 2630 patients and 3171 controls in total. We identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs531003 in the 3'-flanking genomic region of LPAR1, associated with hypertension (the Bonferroni corrected P=1.09×10(-5), odds ratio [95% confidence interval]=1.23 [1.13-1.33]). The risk allele C of rs531003 is associated with the increased expression of LPAR1 and the susceptibility of hypertension, particularly in those with a shortage of sleep (P=4.73×10(-5), odds ratio [95% confidence interval]=1.75 [1.34-2.28]). We further demonstrated that blood pressure elevation caused by sleep deprivation and phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction was both diminished in LPAR1-deficient mice. Together, we show that LPAR1 is a novel susceptibility gene for human essential hypertension and that stress, such as shortage of sleep, increases the susceptibility of patients with risk allele to essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- From the Department of Human Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, PR China (K.X., Y.L., G.Y.Z., X.L.T.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (L.M., H.L.) and Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital (F.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases (F.W., X.C.) and Department of Cardiology (A.D.), Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, PR China; Cardiovascular Department, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China (Z.S., Y.C.); and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.)
| | - Lu Ma
- From the Department of Human Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, PR China (K.X., Y.L., G.Y.Z., X.L.T.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (L.M., H.L.) and Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital (F.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases (F.W., X.C.) and Department of Cardiology (A.D.), Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, PR China; Cardiovascular Department, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China (Z.S., Y.C.); and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.)
| | - Yang Li
- From the Department of Human Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, PR China (K.X., Y.L., G.Y.Z., X.L.T.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (L.M., H.L.) and Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital (F.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases (F.W., X.C.) and Department of Cardiology (A.D.), Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, PR China; Cardiovascular Department, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China (Z.S., Y.C.); and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.)
| | - Fang Wang
- From the Department of Human Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, PR China (K.X., Y.L., G.Y.Z., X.L.T.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (L.M., H.L.) and Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital (F.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases (F.W., X.C.) and Department of Cardiology (A.D.), Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, PR China; Cardiovascular Department, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China (Z.S., Y.C.); and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.)
| | - Gu-Yan Zheng
- From the Department of Human Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, PR China (K.X., Y.L., G.Y.Z., X.L.T.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (L.M., H.L.) and Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital (F.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases (F.W., X.C.) and Department of Cardiology (A.D.), Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, PR China; Cardiovascular Department, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China (Z.S., Y.C.); and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.)
| | - Zhijun Sun
- From the Department of Human Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, PR China (K.X., Y.L., G.Y.Z., X.L.T.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (L.M., H.L.) and Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital (F.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases (F.W., X.C.) and Department of Cardiology (A.D.), Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, PR China; Cardiovascular Department, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China (Z.S., Y.C.); and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.)
| | - Feng Jiang
- From the Department of Human Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, PR China (K.X., Y.L., G.Y.Z., X.L.T.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (L.M., H.L.) and Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital (F.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases (F.W., X.C.) and Department of Cardiology (A.D.), Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, PR China; Cardiovascular Department, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China (Z.S., Y.C.); and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.)
| | - Yundai Chen
- From the Department of Human Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, PR China (K.X., Y.L., G.Y.Z., X.L.T.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (L.M., H.L.) and Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital (F.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases (F.W., X.C.) and Department of Cardiology (A.D.), Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, PR China; Cardiovascular Department, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China (Z.S., Y.C.); and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.)
| | - Huirong Liu
- From the Department of Human Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, PR China (K.X., Y.L., G.Y.Z., X.L.T.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (L.M., H.L.) and Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital (F.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases (F.W., X.C.) and Department of Cardiology (A.D.), Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, PR China; Cardiovascular Department, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China (Z.S., Y.C.); and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.)
| | - Aimin Dang
- From the Department of Human Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, PR China (K.X., Y.L., G.Y.Z., X.L.T.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (L.M., H.L.) and Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital (F.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases (F.W., X.C.) and Department of Cardiology (A.D.), Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, PR China; Cardiovascular Department, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China (Z.S., Y.C.); and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.)
| | - Xi Chen
- From the Department of Human Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, PR China (K.X., Y.L., G.Y.Z., X.L.T.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (L.M., H.L.) and Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital (F.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases (F.W., X.C.) and Department of Cardiology (A.D.), Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, PR China; Cardiovascular Department, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China (Z.S., Y.C.); and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.)
| | - Jerold Chun
- From the Department of Human Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, PR China (K.X., Y.L., G.Y.Z., X.L.T.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (L.M., H.L.) and Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital (F.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases (F.W., X.C.) and Department of Cardiology (A.D.), Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, PR China; Cardiovascular Department, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China (Z.S., Y.C.); and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.)
| | - Xiao-Li Tian
- From the Department of Human Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, PR China (K.X., Y.L., G.Y.Z., X.L.T.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (L.M., H.L.) and Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital (F.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases (F.W., X.C.) and Department of Cardiology (A.D.), Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, PR China; Cardiovascular Department, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China (Z.S., Y.C.); and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.).
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Leveraging Multi-ethnic Evidence for Mapping Complex Traits in Minority Populations: An Empirical Bayes Approach. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:740-52. [PMID: 25892113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the genetic basis of complex traits and diseases in non-European populations is particularly challenging because US minority populations have been under-represented in genetic association studies. We developed an empirical Bayes approach named XPEB (cross-population empirical Bayes), designed to improve the power for mapping complex-trait-associated loci in a minority population by exploiting information from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) from another ethnic population. Taking as input summary statistics from two GWASs-a target GWAS from an ethnic minority population of primary interest and an auxiliary base GWAS (such as a larger GWAS in Europeans)-our XPEB approach reprioritizes SNPs in the target population to compute local false-discovery rates. We demonstrated, through simulations, that whenever the base GWAS harbors relevant information, XPEB gains efficiency. Moreover, XPEB has the ability to discard irrelevant auxiliary information, providing a safeguard against inflated false-discovery rates due to genetic heterogeneity between populations. Applied to a blood-lipids study in African Americans, XPEB more than quadrupled the discoveries from the conventional approach, which used a target GWAS alone, bringing the number of significant loci from 14 to 65. Thus, XPEB offers a flexible framework for mapping complex traits in minority populations.
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131
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Cardena MMSG, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos AK, Santos SEB, Mansur AJ, Bernardez-Pereira S, Santos PCJL, Pereira AC, Fridman C. Mitochondrial and genomic ancestry are associated with etiology of heart failure in Brazilian patients. J Hum Hypertens 2015; 30:120-3. [PMID: 25947276 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2015.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
There is a high prevalence of heart failure (HF) in the general population, but it is more common in black people. We evaluated the association between genomic ancestry and mitochondrial haplogroups (mt-haplogroups) with HF etiology in 503 Brazilian patients. We elicited Mt-haplogroups by analyzing the control region of mitochondrial DNA, and genomic ancestry, by using 48 autosomal insertion-deletion ancestry informative markers. Hypertensive (28.6%, n=144) and ischemic (28.4%, n=143) etiologies of HF were the most prevalent herein. Our results showed that 233 individuals (46.3%) presented African mitochondrial (mt)-haplogroups, and the major contribution in the genomic ancestry analysis was the European ancestry (57.5% (±22.1%)). African mt-haplogroups were positively associated with a diagnosis of hypertensive cardiomyopathy (odds ratio, OR 1.55, confidence interval, CI 95% 1.04-2.44, P=0.04) when compared with European mt-haplogroups. Regarding the genomic ancestry, the African ancestry variant had higher risks (OR 7.84, 95% CI 2.81-21.91, P<0.001), whereas the European ancestry variant had lower risks (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.04-5.00, P<0.001) for developing the hypertensive etiology. In addition, European ancestry showed an OR of 4.05 (CI 95% 1.53-10.74, P=0.005), whereas African ancestry showed an OR of 0.17 (CI 95% 0.06-0.48, P=0.001) for developing ischemic etiology. In conclusion, this study supports the importance of using ancestry informative markers and mitochondrial DNA to study the genetics of complex diseases in admixed populations to improve the management, treatment and prevention of these illnesses. Therefore, the ancestry informative markers and mt-haplogroups could provide new biomarkers to be associated with HF etiologies and be used as a premise for more specific management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M S G Cardena
- Department of Legal Medicine, Ethics and Occupational Health, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A K Ribeiro-Dos-Santos
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - S E B Santos
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - A J Mansur
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Bernardez-Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P C J L Santos
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Fridman
- Department of Legal Medicine, Ethics and Occupational Health, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhang R, Große-Brinkhaus C, Heidt H, Uddin MJ, Cinar MU, Tesfaye D, Tholen E, Looft C, Schellander K, Neuhoff C. Polymorphisms and expression analysis of SOX-6 in relation to porcine growth, carcass, and meat quality traits. Meat Sci 2015; 107:26-32. [PMID: 25935846 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and expression of SOX-6 to support its candidacy for growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in pigs. The first SNP, rs81358375, was associated with pH 45 min post mortem in loin (pH1L), the thickness of backfat and side fat, and carcass length in Pietrain (Pi) population, and related with backfat thickness and daily gain in Duroc × Pietrain F2 (DuPi) population. The other SNP, rs321666676, was associated with meat colour in Pi population. In DuPi population, the protein, not mRNA, level of SOX-6 in high pH1L pigs was significantly less abundant compared with low pH1L pigs, where microRNAs targeting SOX-6 were also differently regulated. This paper shows that SOX-6 could be a potential candidate gene for porcine growth, carcass, and meat quality traits based on genetic association and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christine Große-Brinkhaus
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Hanna Heidt
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Muhammad Jasim Uddin
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Mehmet Ulas Cinar
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christian Looft
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Karl Schellander
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christiane Neuhoff
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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133
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A statistical approach for rare-variant association testing in affected sibships. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:543-54. [PMID: 25799106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequencing and exome-chip technologies have motivated development of novel statistical tests to identify rare genetic variation that influences complex diseases. Although many rare-variant association tests exist for case-control or cross-sectional studies, far fewer methods exist for testing association in families. This is unfortunate, because cosegregation of rare variation and disease status in families can amplify association signals for rare variants. Many researchers have begun sequencing (or genotyping via exome chips) familial samples that were either recently collected or previously collected for linkage studies. Because many linkage studies of complex diseases sampled affected sibships, we propose a strategy for association testing of rare variants for use in this study design. The logic behind our approach is that rare susceptibility variants should be found more often on regions shared identical by descent by affected sibling pairs than on regions not shared identical by descent. We propose both burden and variance-component tests of rare variation that are applicable to affected sibships of arbitrary size and that do not require genotype information from unaffected siblings or independent controls. Our approaches are robust to population stratification and produce analytic p values, thereby enabling our approach to scale easily to genome-wide studies of rare variation. We illustrate our methods by using simulated data and exome chip data from sibships ascertained for hypertension collected as part of the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) study.
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Expression of a novel serine/threonine kinase gene, Ulk4, in neural progenitors during Xenopus laevis forebrain development. Neuroscience 2015; 290:61-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
The rising global prevalence of diabetes mellitus is accompanied by an increasing burden of morbidity and mortality that is attributable to the complications of chronic hyperglycaemia. These complications include blindness, renal failure and cardiovascular disease. Current therapeutic options for chronic hyperglycaemia reduce, but do not eradicate, the risk of these complications. Success in defining new preventative and therapeutic strategies hinges on an improved understanding of the molecular processes involved in the development of these complications. This Review explores the role of human genetics in delivering such insights, and describes progress in characterizing the sequence variants that influence individual predisposition to diabetic kidney disease, retinopathy, neuropathy and accelerated cardiovascular disease. Numerous risk variants for microvascular complications of diabetes have been reported, but very few have shown robust replication. Furthermore, only limited evidence exists of a difference in the repertoire of risk variants influencing macrovascular disease between those with and those without diabetes. Here, we outline the challenges associated with the genetic analysis of diabetic complications and highlight ongoing efforts to deliver biological insights that can drive translational benefits.
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Abiko H, Fujiwara S, Ohashi K, Hiatari R, Mashiko T, Sakamoto N, Sato M, Mizuno K. Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors involved in cyclic-stretch-induced reorientation of vascular endothelial cells. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:1683-95. [PMID: 25795300 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.157503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic stretch is an artificial model of mechanical force loading, which induces the reorientation of vascular endothelial cells and their stress fibers in a direction perpendicular to the stretch axis. Rho family GTPases are crucial for cyclic-stretch-induced endothelial cell reorientation; however, the mechanism underlying stretch-induced activation of Rho family GTPases is unknown. A screen of short hairpin RNAs targeting 63 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Rho-GEFs) revealed that at least 11 Rho-GEFs – Abr, alsin, ARHGEF10, Bcr, GEF-H1 (also known as ARHGEF2), LARG (also known as ARHGEF12), p190RhoGEF (also known as ARHGEF28), PLEKHG1, P-REX2, Solo (also known as ARHGEF40) and α-PIX (also known as ARHGEF6) – which specifically or broadly target RhoA, Rac1 and/or Cdc42, are involved in cyclic-stretch-induced perpendicular reorientation of endothelial cells. Overexpression of Solo induced RhoA activation and F-actin accumulation at cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion sites. Knockdown of Solo suppressed cyclic-stretch- or tensile-force-induced RhoA activation. Moreover, knockdown of Solo significantly reduced cyclic-stretch-induced perpendicular reorientation of endothelial cells when cells were cultured at high density, but not when they were cultured at low density or pretreated with EGTA or VE-cadherin-targeting small interfering RNAs. These results suggest that Solo is involved in cell-cell-adhesion-mediated mechanical signal transduction during cyclic-stretch-induced endothelial cell reorientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiyori Abiko
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Sachiko Fujiwara
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ohashi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Hiatari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Toshiya Mashiko
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kensaku Mizuno
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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COOPER RS, FORRESTER TE, PLANGE-RHULE J, BOVET P, LAMBERT EV, DUGAS LR, CARGILL KE, DURAZO-ARVIZU RA, SHOHAM DA, TONG L, CAO G, LUKE A. Elevated hypertension risk for African-origin populations in biracial societies: modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study. J Hypertens 2015; 33:473-80; discussion 480-1. [PMID: 25426566 PMCID: PMC4476314 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Blood pressures in persons of African descent exceed those of other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Whether this trait is attributable to the genetic factors in African-origin populations, or a result of inadequately measured environmental exposures, such as racial discrimination, is not known. To study this question, we conducted a multisite comparative study of communities in the African diaspora, drawn from metropolitan Chicago, Kingston, Jamaica, rural Ghana, Cape Town, South Africa, and the Seychelles. METHODS At each site, 500 participants between the age of 25 and 49 years, with approximately equal sex balance, were enrolled for a longitudinal study of energy expenditure and weight gain. In this study, we describe the patterns of blood pressure and hypertension observed at baseline among the sites. RESULTS Mean SBP and DBP were very similar in the United States and South Africa in both men and women, although among women, the prevalence of hypertension was higher in the United States (24 vs. 17%, respectively). After adjustment for multiple covariates, relative to participants in the United States, SBP was significantly higher among the South Africans by 9.7 mmHg (P < 0.05) and significantly lower for each of the other sites: for example, Jamaica: -7.9 mmHg (P = 0.06), Ghana: -12.8 mmHg (P < 0.01) and Seychelles: -11.1 mmHg (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION These data are consistent with prior findings of a blood pressure gradient in societies of the African diaspora and confirm that African-origin populations with lower social status in multiracial societies, such as the United States and South Africa, experience more hypertension than anticipated based on anthropometric and measurable socioeconomic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S. COOPER
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Terrence E. FORRESTER
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | - Pascal BOVET
- Institute of Social & Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland & Ministry of Health, Republic of Seychelles
| | - Estelle V. LAMBERT
- Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lara R. DUGAS
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Kathryn E CARGILL
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Ramon A. DURAZO-ARVIZU
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - David A. SHOHAM
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Liping TONG
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Guichan CAO
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Amy LUKE
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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Franceschini N, Chasman DI, Cooper-DeHoff RM, Arnett DK. Genetics, ancestry, and hypertension: implications for targeted antihypertensive therapies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2015; 16:461. [PMID: 24903233 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-014-0461-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most common chronic condition seen by physicians in ambulatory care and a condition for which life-long medications are commonly prescribed. There is evidence for genetic factors influencing blood pressure variation in populations and response to medications. This review summarizes recent genetic discoveries that surround blood pressure, hypertension, and antihypertensive drug response from genome-wide association studies, while highlighting ancestry-specific findings and any potential implication for drug therapy targets. Genome-wide association studies have identified several novel loci for inter-individual variation of blood pressure and hypertension risk in the general population. Evidence from pharmacogenetic studies suggests that genes influence the blood pressure response to antihypertensive drugs, although results are somewhat inconsistent across studies. There is still much work that remains to be done to identify genes both for efficacy and adverse events of antihypertensive medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, 137 E. Franklin St., Suite 306, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,
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Cabrera CP, Ng FL, Warren HR, Barnes MR, Munroe PB, Caulfield MJ. Exploring hypertension genome-wide association studies findings and impact on pathophysiology, pathways, and pharmacogenetics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 7:73-90. [DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia P Cabrera
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - Fu Liang Ng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - Helen R Warren
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - Michael R Barnes
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
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Shetty PB, Tang H, Feng T, Tayo B, Morrison AC, Kardia SLR, Hanis CL, Arnett DK, Hunt SC, Boerwinkle E, Rao DC, Cooper RS, Risch N, Zhu X. Variants for HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides identified from admixture mapping and fine-mapping analysis in African American families. CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2015; 8:106-13. [PMID: 25552592 PMCID: PMC4378661 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Admixture mapping of lipids was followed-up by family-based association analysis to identify variants for cardiovascular disease in African Americans. METHODS AND RESULTS The present study conducted admixture mapping analysis for total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. The analysis was performed in 1905 unrelated African American subjects from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Family Blood Pressure Program (FBPP). Regions showing admixture evidence were followed-up with family-based association analysis in 3556 African American subjects from the FBPP. The admixture mapping and family-based association analyses were adjusted for age, age(2), sex, body mass index, and genome-wide mean ancestry to minimize the confounding caused by population stratification. Regions that were suggestive of local ancestry association evidence were found on chromosomes 7 (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), 8 (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), 14 (triglycerides), and 19 (total cholesterol and triglycerides). In the fine-mapping analysis, 52 939 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested and 11 SNPs (8 independent SNPs) showed nominal significant association with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (2 SNPs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (4 SNPs), and triglycerides (5 SNPs). The family data were used in the fine-mapping to identify SNPs that showed novel associations with lipids and regions, including genes with known associations for cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS This study identified regions on chromosomes 7, 8, 14, and 19 and 11 SNPs from the fine-mapping analysis that were associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides for further studies of cardiovascular disease in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya B Shetty
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (P.B.S., T.F., X.Z.); Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.T.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (B.T., R.S.C.); Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health (A.C.M., C.L.H., E.B.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor (S.L.R.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health (D.K.A.); Cardiovascular Genetics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (S.C.H.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C. Rao); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco (N.R.)
| | - Hua Tang
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (P.B.S., T.F., X.Z.); Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.T.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (B.T., R.S.C.); Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health (A.C.M., C.L.H., E.B.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor (S.L.R.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health (D.K.A.); Cardiovascular Genetics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (S.C.H.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C. Rao); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco (N.R.)
| | - Tao Feng
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (P.B.S., T.F., X.Z.); Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.T.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (B.T., R.S.C.); Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health (A.C.M., C.L.H., E.B.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor (S.L.R.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health (D.K.A.); Cardiovascular Genetics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (S.C.H.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C. Rao); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco (N.R.)
| | - Bamidele Tayo
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (P.B.S., T.F., X.Z.); Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.T.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (B.T., R.S.C.); Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health (A.C.M., C.L.H., E.B.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor (S.L.R.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health (D.K.A.); Cardiovascular Genetics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (S.C.H.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C. Rao); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco (N.R.)
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (P.B.S., T.F., X.Z.); Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.T.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (B.T., R.S.C.); Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health (A.C.M., C.L.H., E.B.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor (S.L.R.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health (D.K.A.); Cardiovascular Genetics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (S.C.H.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C. Rao); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco (N.R.)
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (P.B.S., T.F., X.Z.); Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.T.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (B.T., R.S.C.); Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health (A.C.M., C.L.H., E.B.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor (S.L.R.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health (D.K.A.); Cardiovascular Genetics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (S.C.H.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C. Rao); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco (N.R.)
| | - Craig L Hanis
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (P.B.S., T.F., X.Z.); Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.T.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (B.T., R.S.C.); Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health (A.C.M., C.L.H., E.B.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor (S.L.R.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health (D.K.A.); Cardiovascular Genetics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (S.C.H.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C. Rao); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco (N.R.)
| | - Donna K Arnett
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (P.B.S., T.F., X.Z.); Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.T.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (B.T., R.S.C.); Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health (A.C.M., C.L.H., E.B.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor (S.L.R.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health (D.K.A.); Cardiovascular Genetics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (S.C.H.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C. Rao); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco (N.R.)
| | - Steven C Hunt
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (P.B.S., T.F., X.Z.); Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.T.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (B.T., R.S.C.); Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health (A.C.M., C.L.H., E.B.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor (S.L.R.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health (D.K.A.); Cardiovascular Genetics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (S.C.H.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C. Rao); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco (N.R.)
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (P.B.S., T.F., X.Z.); Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.T.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (B.T., R.S.C.); Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health (A.C.M., C.L.H., E.B.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor (S.L.R.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health (D.K.A.); Cardiovascular Genetics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (S.C.H.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C. Rao); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco (N.R.)
| | - Dabeeru C Rao
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (P.B.S., T.F., X.Z.); Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.T.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (B.T., R.S.C.); Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health (A.C.M., C.L.H., E.B.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor (S.L.R.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health (D.K.A.); Cardiovascular Genetics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (S.C.H.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C. Rao); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco (N.R.)
| | - Richard S Cooper
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (P.B.S., T.F., X.Z.); Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.T.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (B.T., R.S.C.); Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health (A.C.M., C.L.H., E.B.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor (S.L.R.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health (D.K.A.); Cardiovascular Genetics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (S.C.H.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C. Rao); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco (N.R.)
| | - Neil Risch
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (P.B.S., T.F., X.Z.); Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.T.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (B.T., R.S.C.); Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health (A.C.M., C.L.H., E.B.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor (S.L.R.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health (D.K.A.); Cardiovascular Genetics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (S.C.H.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C. Rao); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco (N.R.)
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (P.B.S., T.F., X.Z.); Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.T.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (B.T., R.S.C.); Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health (A.C.M., C.L.H., E.B.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor (S.L.R.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health (D.K.A.); Cardiovascular Genetics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (S.C.H.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C. Rao); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco (N.R.).
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Meta-analysis of correlated traits via summary statistics from GWASs with an application in hypertension. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:21-36. [PMID: 25500260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified many genetic variants underlying complex traits. Many detected genetic loci harbor variants that associate with multiple-even distinct-traits. Most current analysis approaches focus on single traits, even though the final results from multiple traits are evaluated together. Such approaches miss the opportunity to systemically integrate the phenome-wide data available for genetic association analysis. In this study, we propose a general approach that can integrate association evidence from summary statistics of multiple traits, either correlated, independent, continuous, or binary traits, which might come from the same or different studies. We allow for trait heterogeneity effects. Population structure and cryptic relatedness can also be controlled. Our simulations suggest that the proposed method has improved statistical power over single-trait analysis in most of the cases we studied. We applied our method to the Continental Origins and Genetic Epidemiology Network (COGENT) African ancestry samples for three blood pressure traits and identified four loci (CHIC2, HOXA-EVX1, IGFBP1/IGFBP3, and CDH17; p < 5.0 × 10(-8)) associated with hypertension-related traits that were missed by a single-trait analysis in the original report. Six additional loci with suggestive association evidence (p < 5.0 × 10(-7)) were also observed, including CACNA1D and WNT3. Our study strongly suggests that analyzing multiple phenotypes can improve statistical power and that such analysis can be executed with the summary statistics from GWASs. Our method also provides a way to study a cross phenotype (CP) association by using summary statistics from GWASs of multiple phenotypes.
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142
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Zaitlen N, Pasaniuc B, Sankararaman S, Bhatia G, Zhang J, Gusev A, Young T, Tandon A, Pollack S, Vilhjálmsson BJ, Assimes TL, Berndt SI, Blot WJ, Chanock S, Franceschini N, Goodman PG, He J, Hennis AJM, Hsing A, Ingles SA, Isaacs W, Kittles RA, Klein EA, Lange LA, Nemesure B, Patterson N, Reich D, Rybicki BA, Stanford JL, Stevens VL, Strom SS, Whitsel EA, Witte JS, Xu J, Haiman C, Wilson JG, Kooperberg C, Stram D, Reiner AP, Tang H, Price AL. Leveraging population admixture to characterize the heritability of complex traits. Nat Genet 2014; 46:1356-62. [PMID: 25383972 PMCID: PMC4244251 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent progress on estimating the heritability explained by genotyped SNPs (h(2)g), a large gap between h(2)g and estimates of total narrow-sense heritability (h(2)) remains. Explanations for this gap include rare variants or upward bias in family-based estimates of h(2) due to shared environment or epistasis. We estimate h(2) from unrelated individuals in admixed populations by first estimating the heritability explained by local ancestry (h(2)γ). We show that h(2)γ = 2FSTCθ(1 - θ)h(2), where FSTC measures frequency differences between populations at causal loci and θ is the genome-wide ancestry proportion. Our approach is not susceptible to biases caused by epistasis or shared environment. We applied this approach to the analysis of 13 phenotypes in 21,497 African-American individuals from 3 cohorts. For height and body mass index (BMI), we obtained h(2) estimates of 0.55 ± 0.09 and 0.23 ± 0.06, respectively, which are larger than estimates of h(2)g in these and other data but smaller than family-based estimates of h(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Zaitlen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sriram Sankararaman
- 1] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gaurav Bhatia
- 1] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander Gusev
- 1] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Taylor Young
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arti Tandon
- 1] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuela Pollack
- 1] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bjarni J Vilhjálmsson
- 1] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William J Blot
- 1] Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. [2] Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. [3] International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Jing He
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anselm J M Hennis
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA. [2] Chronic Disease Research Centre, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados. [3] Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados. [4] Ministry of Health, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Ann Hsing
- 1] Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA. [2] Division of Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - William Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eric A Klein
- Glickman Urologic and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Nick Patterson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Reich
- 1] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin A Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - John S Witte
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher Haiman
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alex P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Alkes L Price
- 1] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Peprah E, Xu H, Tekola-Ayele F, Royal CD. Genome-wide association studies in Africans and African Americans: expanding the framework of the genomics of human traits and disease. Public Health Genomics 2014; 18:40-51. [PMID: 25427668 DOI: 10.1159/000367962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic research is one of the tools for elucidating the pathogenesis of diseases of global health relevance and paving the research dimension to clinical and public health translation. Recent advances in genomic research and technologies have increased our understanding of human diseases, genes associated with these disorders, and the relevant mechanisms. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have proliferated since the first studies were published several years ago and have become an important tool in helping researchers comprehend human variation and the role genetic variants play in disease. However, the need to expand the diversity of populations in GWAS has become increasingly apparent as new knowledge is gained about genetic variation. Inclusion of diverse populations in genomic studies is critical to a more complete understanding of human variation and elucidation of the underpinnings of complex diseases. In this review, we summarize the available data on GWAS in recent African ancestry populations within the western hemisphere (i.e. African Americans and peoples of the Caribbean) and continental African populations. Furthermore, we highlight ways in which genomic studies in populations of recent African ancestry have led to advances in the areas of malaria, HIV, prostate cancer, and other diseases. Finally, we discuss the advantages of conducting GWAS in recent African ancestry populations in the context of addressing existing and emerging global health conditions.
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144
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Li YR, Keating BJ. Trans-ethnic genome-wide association studies: advantages and challenges of mapping in diverse populations. Genome Med 2014; 6:91. [PMID: 25473427 PMCID: PMC4254423 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-014-0091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are the method most often used by geneticists to interrogate the human genome, and they provide a cost-effective way to identify the genetic variants underpinning complex traits and diseases. Most initial GWASs have focused on genetically homogeneous cohorts from European populations given the limited availability of ethnic minority samples and so as to limit population stratification effects. Transethnic studies have been invaluable in explaining the heritability of common quantitative traits, such as height, and in examining the genetic architecture of complex diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. They provide an opportunity for large-scale signal replication in independent populations and for cross-population meta-analyses to boost statistical power. In addition, transethnic GWASs enable prioritization of candidate genes, fine-mapping of functional variants, and potentially identification of SNPs associated with disease risk in admixed populations, by taking advantage of natural differences in genomic linkage disequilibrium across ethnically diverse populations. Recent efforts to assess the biological function of variants identified by GWAS have highlighted the need for large-scale replication, meta-analyses and fine-mapping across worldwide populations of ethnically diverse genetic ancestries. Here, we review recent advances and new approaches that are important to consider when performing, designing or interpreting transethnic GWASs, and we highlight existing challenges, such as the limited ability to handle heterogeneity in linkage disequilibrium across populations and limitations in dissecting complex architectures, such as those found in recently admixed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun R Li
- />The Center for Applied Genomics, 1,016 Abramson Building, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104 PA USA
- />Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104 PA USA
| | - Brendan J Keating
- />The Center for Applied Genomics, 1,016 Abramson Building, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104 PA USA
- />Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104 PA USA
- />Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104 PA USA
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145
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Lu X, Wang L, Lin X, Huang J, Charles Gu C, He M, Shen H, He J, Zhu J, Li H, Hixson JE, Wu T, Dai J, Lu L, Shen C, Chen S, He L, Mo Z, Hao Y, Mo X, Yang X, Li J, Cao J, Chen J, Fan Z, Li Y, Zhao L, Li H, Lu F, Yao C, Yu L, Xu L, Mu J, Wu X, Deng Y, Hu D, Zhang W, Ji X, Guo D, Guo Z, Zhou Z, Yang Z, Wang R, Yang J, Zhou X, Yan W, Sun N, Gao P, Gu D. Genome-wide association study in Chinese identifies novel loci for blood pressure and hypertension. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:865-74. [PMID: 25249183 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a common disorder and the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature deaths worldwide. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in the European population have identified multiple chromosomal regions associated with blood pressure, and the identified loci altogether explain only a small fraction of the variance for blood pressure. The differences in environmental exposures and genetic background between Chinese and European populations might suggest potential different pathways of blood pressure regulation. To identify novel genetic variants affecting blood pressure variation, we conducted a meta-analysis of GWASs of blood pressure and hypertension in 11 816 subjects followed by replication studies including 69 146 additional individuals. We identified genome-wide significant (P < 5.0 × 10(-8)) associations with blood pressure, which included variants at three new loci (CACNA1D, CYP21A2, and MED13L) and a newly discovered variant near SLC4A7. We also replicated 14 previously reported loci, 8 (CASZ1, MOV10, FGF5, CYP17A1, SOX6, ATP2B1, ALDH2, and JAG1) at genome-wide significance, and 6 (FIGN, ULK4, GUCY1A3, HFE, TBX3-TBX5, and TBX3) at a suggestive level of P = 1.81 × 10(-3) to 5.16 × 10(-8). These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the regulation of blood pressure and potential targets for treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Laiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Hypertension Division Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - C Charles Gu
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Meian He
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab for Modern Toxicology School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jingwen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Huaixing Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - James E Hixson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77025, USA
| | - Tangchun Wu
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab for Modern Toxicology School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab for Modern Toxicology School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Shufeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Medical Scientific Research Center and Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yongchen Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xingbo Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jichun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Zhongjie Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Hongfan Li
- National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Fanghong Lu
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, China
| | - Cailiang Yao
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China
| | - Lihua Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Beihua University, Jilin 132011, China
| | - Jianjun Mu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710061, China
| | - Xianping Wu
- Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ying Deng
- Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xu Ji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xinle Red Cross Hospital, Xinle, Hebei 050700, China
| | - Dongshuang Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yuxian Renmin Hospital, Yuxian, Shanxi 045100, China
| | - Zhirong Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhengyuan Zhou
- Changshu Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu 215501, China
| | - Zili Yang
- Nantong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu 226007, China
| | - Renping Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Greatwall Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 052260, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi 723000, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Weili Yan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ningling Sun
- Department of Heart Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China and
| | - Pingjin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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146
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Wang YJ, Tayo BO, Bandyopadhyay A, Wang H, Feng T, Franceschini N, Tang H, Gao J, Sung YJ, Elston RC, Williams SM, Cooper RS, Mu TW, Zhu X. The association of the vanin-1 N131S variant with blood pressure is mediated by endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation and loss of function. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004641. [PMID: 25233454 PMCID: PMC4169380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High blood pressure (BP) is the most common cardiovascular risk factor worldwide and a major contributor to heart disease and stroke. We previously discovered a BP-associated missense SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism)–rs2272996–in the gene encoding vanin-1, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane pantetheinase. In the present study, we first replicated the association of rs2272996 and BP traits with a total sample size of nearly 30,000 individuals from the Continental Origins and Genetic Epidemiology Network (COGENT) of African Americans (P = 0.01). This association was further validated using patient plasma samples; we observed that the N131S mutation is associated with significantly lower plasma vanin-1 protein levels. We observed that the N131S vanin-1 is subjected to rapid endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) as the underlying mechanism for its reduction. Using HEK293 cells stably expressing vanin-1 variants, we showed that N131S vanin-1 was degraded significantly faster than wild type (WT) vanin-1. Consequently, there were only minimal quantities of variant vanin-1 present on the plasma membrane and greatly reduced pantetheinase activity. Application of MG-132, a proteasome inhibitor, resulted in accumulation of ubiquitinated variant protein. A further experiment demonstrated that atenolol and diltiazem, two current drugs for treating hypertension, reduce the vanin-1 protein level. Our study provides strong biological evidence for the association of the identified SNP with BP and suggests that vanin-1 misfolding and degradation are the underlying molecular mechanism. Hypertension (HTN) or high blood pressure (BP) is common worldwide and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Identification of genetic variants of consequence for HTN serves as the molecular basis for its treatment. Using admixture mapping analysis of the Family Blood Pressure Program data, we recently identified that the VNN1 gene (encoding the protein vanin-1), in particular SNP rs2272996 (N131S), was associated with BP in both African Americans and Mexican Americans. Vanin-1 was reported to act as an oxidative stress sensor using its pantetheinase enzyme activity. Because a linkage between oxidative stress and HTN has been hypothesized for many years, vanin-1's pantetheinase activity offers a physiologic rationale for BP regulation. Here, we first replicated the association of rs2272996 with BP in the Continental Origins and Genetic Epidemiology Network (COGENT), which included nearly 30,000 African Americans. We further demonstrated that the N131S mutation in vanin-1 leads to its rapid degradation in cells, resulting in loss of function on the plasma membrane. The loss of function of vanin-1 is associated with reduced BP. Therefore, our results indicate that vanin-1 is a new candidate to be manipulated to ameliorate HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Juan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YJW); (XZ)
| | - Bamidele O. Tayo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Anupam Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Heming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tao Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jianmin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | | | - Robert C. Elston
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Scott M. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Cooper
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ting-Wei Mu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YJW); (XZ)
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147
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Genetic Dissection of the Physiological Role of Skeletal Muscle in Metabolic Syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/635146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The primary deficiency underlying metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance, in which insulin-responsive peripheral tissues fail to maintain glucose homeostasis. Because skeletal muscle is the major site for insulin-induced glucose uptake, impairments in skeletal muscle’s insulin responsiveness play a major role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. For example, skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetes patients and their offspring exhibit reduced ratios of slow oxidative muscle. These observations suggest the possibility of applying muscle remodeling to recover insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome. Skeletal muscle is highly adaptive to external stimulations such as exercise; however, in practice it is often not practical or possible to enforce the necessary intensity to obtain measurable benefits to the metabolic syndrome patient population. Therefore, identifying molecular targets for inducing muscle remodeling would provide new approaches to treat metabolic syndrome. In this review, the physiological properties of skeletal muscle, genetic analysis of metabolic syndrome in human populations and model organisms, and genetically engineered mouse models will be discussed in regard to the prospect of applying skeletal muscle remodeling as possible therapy for metabolic syndrome.
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148
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Keller MF, Reiner AP, Okada Y, van Rooij FJA, Johnson AD, Chen MH, Smith AV, Morris AP, Tanaka T, Ferrucci L, Zonderman AB, Lettre G, Harris T, Garcia M, Bandinelli S, Qayyum R, Yanek LR, Becker DM, Becker LC, Kooperberg C, Keating B, Reis J, Tang H, Boerwinkle E, Kamatani Y, Matsuda K, Kamatani N, Nakamura Y, Kubo M, Liu S, Dehghan A, Felix JF, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, van Duijn CM, Franco OH, Longo DL, Singleton AB, Psaty BM, Evans MK, Cupples LA, Rotter JI, O'Donnell CJ, Takahashi A, Wilson JG, Ganesh SK, Nalls MA. Trans-ethnic meta-analysis of white blood cell phenotypes. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6944-60. [PMID: 25096241 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
White blood cell (WBC) count is a common clinical measure used as a predictor of certain aspects of human health, including immunity and infection status. WBC count is also a complex trait that varies among individuals and ancestry groups. Differences in linkage disequilibrium structure and heterogeneity in allelic effects are expected to play a role in the associations observed between populations. Prior genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses have identified genomic loci associated with WBC and its subtypes, but much of the heritability of these phenotypes remains unexplained. Using GWAS summary statistics for over 50 000 individuals from three diverse populations (Japanese, African-American and European ancestry), a Bayesian model methodology was employed to account for heterogeneity between ancestry groups. This approach was used to perform a trans-ethnic meta-analysis of total WBC, neutrophil and monocyte counts. Ten previously known associations were replicated and six new loci were identified, including several regions harboring genes related to inflammation and immune cell function. Ninety-five percent credible interval regions were calculated to narrow the association signals and fine-map the putatively causal variants within loci. Finally, a conditional analysis was performed on the most significant SNPs identified by the trans-ethnic meta-analysis (MA), and nine secondary signals within loci previously associated with WBC or its subtypes were identified. This work illustrates the potential of trans-ethnic analysis and ascribes a critical role to multi-ethnic cohorts and consortia in exploring complex phenotypes with respect to variants that lie outside the European-biased GWAS pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux F Keller
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics Department of Biological Anthropology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Frank J A van Rooij
- Department of Epidemiology Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), The Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, NHLBI Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, MD, USA NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ming-Huei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Alan B Zonderman
- Behavioral Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology & Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Tamara Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melissa Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefania Bandinelli
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence, Italy
| | - Rehan Qayyum
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine
| | - Diane M Becker
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine
| | - Lewis C Becker
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brendan Keating
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Jared Reis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hua Tang
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- The Brown Foundation, Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Department of Medicine Department of Surgery, Center for Personalized Therapeutics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), The Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Janine F Felix
- Department of Epidemiology Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), The Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), The Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), The Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), The Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology ErasmusAGE, Department of Epidemiology Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), The Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit Department of Medicine Department of Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michelle K Evans
- Health Disparities Research Section, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Bethesda, MD, USA Boston University Department of Statistics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA Division of Genetic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, NHLBI Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, MD, USA NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Santhi K Ganesh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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149
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Slagter SN, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Vonk JM, Boezen HM, Dullaart RPF, Kobold ACM, Feskens EJM, van Beek AP, van der Klauw MM, Wolffenbuttel BH. Combined effects of smoking and alcohol on metabolic syndrome: the LifeLines cohort study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96406. [PMID: 24781037 PMCID: PMC4004580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is influenced by environmental factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption. We determined the combined effects of smoking and alcohol on MetS and its individual components. Methods 64,046 participants aged 18–80 years from the LifeLines Cohort study were categorized into three body mass index (BMI) classes (BMI<25, normal weight; BMI 25–30, overweight; BMI≥30 kg/m2, obese). MetS was defined according to the revised criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III). Within each BMI class and smoking subgroup (non-smoker, former smoker, <20 and ≥20 g tobacco/day), the cross-sectional association between alcohol and individual MetS components was tested using regression analysis. Results Prevalence of MetS varied greatly between the different smoking-alcohol subgroups (1.7–71.1%). HDL cholesterol levels in all alcohol drinkers were higher than in non-drinkers (0.02 to 0.29 mmol/L, P values<0.001). HDL cholesterol levels were lower when they were also a former or current smoker (<20 and ≥20 g tobacco/day). Consumption of ≤1 drink/day indicated a trend towards lower triglyceride levels (non-significant). Concurrent use alcohol (>1 drink/day) and tobacco showed higher triglycerides levels. Up to 2 drinks/day was associated with a smaller waist circumference in overweight and obese individuals. Consumption of >2 drinks/day increased blood pressure, with the strongest associations found for heavy smokers. The overall metabolic profile of wine drinkers was better than that of non-drinkers or drinkers of beer or spirits/mixed drinks. Conclusion Light alcohol consumption may moderate the negative associations of smoking with MetS. Our results suggest that the lifestyle advice that emphasizes smoking cessation and the restriction of alcohol consumption to a maximum of 1 drink/day, is a good approach to reduce the prevalence of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra N. Slagter
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jana V. van Vliet-Ostaptchouk
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M. Vonk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H. Marieke Boezen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robin P. F. Dullaart
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke C. Muller. Kobold
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edith J. M. Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - André P. van Beek
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie M. van der Klauw
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruce H.R. Wolffenbuttel
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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