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Xu J, Yang X. The influence of resilience on stress reaction of college students during COVID-19: the mediating role of coping style and positive adaptive response. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 43:1-12. [PMID: 36684467 PMCID: PMC9838361 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic was a stressful event for all. It threatened people's physical and mental health. Previous studies have found that resilience can help people deal with stress and difficulties more effectively and prevent them from mental health problems. Coping style mediates the relationship between resilience and psychological well-being. Given the novelty and recency of the COVID-19, it is unknown whether resilience can also protect individuals in new difficulties, and whether the previous effective coping styles can be applied to new situations. The current study aimed to explore the influence mechanism of college students' resilience on negative stress response during the pandemic, and the chain mediation of coping style and positive adaptive response. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 910 college students (Mage = 20.58 years; 41.1% men, 58.9% women) studying in Shanghai by stratified random cluster sampling. At that time, they were in 27 different provinces and cities because of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The research tools included Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), Positive Adaptive Response Questionnaire (PARQ), and Negative Stress Reaction Questionnaire (NSRQ). The results showed that: (1) College students' resilience, coping style, positive adaptive response and negative stress reaction were significantly correlated with each other; (2) Resilience could not directly affect negative stress reaction, but it could affect negative stress reaction through the chain mediation of coping style and positive adaptive response. These findings suggest that resilience enhancement intervention programs need to focus on the cultivation of individual positive coping style; In response to major emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic, officials can help people reduce negative stress reaction by disseminating positive coping strategies through the media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Psychological Counseling Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Xiujun Yang
- School of Marxism, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
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Coulaud PJ, Salway T, Jesson J, Bolduc N, Ferlatte O, Bertrand K, Desgrées du Loû A, Jenkins E, Jauffret-Roustide M, Knight R. Moderation of the association between COVID-19-related income loss and depression by receipt of financial support: Repeated cross-sectional surveys of young adults in Canada and France (2020-2021). SSM Popul Health 2023; 21:101340. [PMID: 36644570 PMCID: PMC9832713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To mitigate the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on financial resources, governments and family/friends mobilized financial support interventions (e.g., emergency aid funds) and assistance. However, little is known about how financial assistance alleviated mental health problems. This study aimed to investigate the moderating effect of financial support from the government or from family/friends on the association between income loss and depression among young adults. Methods Two online cross-sectional surveys among young adults ages 18-29 living in Canada and France were conducted in 2020 (n = 4,511) and 2021 (n = 3,329). Moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (cut-off score: ≥10). Two logistic regression models were performed for each survey with an interaction term between income loss and financial support (government or family/friends modeled separately), controlling for demographics. Results Overall, half reported depressive symptoms (2020/2021: 53.5%/45.6%), and over a third lost income (2020/2021: 10.2%/11.6% all income, 37.7%/21.6% some income). In 2020, 40.6% received government financial support (17.7% in 2021) while family/friends support was received by 12% (in both surveys). In both surveys, among those who received governmental financial support, income loss was associated with depression, whether participants lost all their income (e.g., 2020: Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) 1.75, 95% Confidence Interval [1.29-2.44]), or some of their income (e.g., 2020: AOR 1.45 [1.17-1.81]). However, among those who received family/friends financial support, income loss was no longer significantly associated with depression in both cycles, whether participants lost all their income (e.g., 2020: AOR 1.37 [0.78-2.40]), or some of their income (e.g., 2020: AOR 1.31 [0.86-1.99]). Conclusions Association between income loss and depression was moderated by receipt of family/friends financial support but not by receipt of government financial support. Financial support interventions may help to mitigate the negative effects of income loss on young adults mental health during periods of economic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-julien Coulaud
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Corresponding author. British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045, Howe St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9, Canada.
| | - Travis Salway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julie Jesson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Naseeb Bolduc
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olivier Ferlatte
- École de Santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karine Bertrand
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
| | - Annabel Desgrées du Loû
- Centre Population et Développement, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Emily Jenkins
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marie Jauffret-Roustide
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Centre d'Étude des Mouvements Sociaux (EHESS/CNRS UMR8044/INSERM U1276), Paris, France,Baldy Center on Law and Social Policy, Buffalo University, NY, USA
| | - Rod Knight
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,École de Santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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103
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El Khoury-Malhame M, Sfeir M, Hallit S, Sawma T. Factors associated with posttraumatic growth: gratitude, PTSD and distress; one year into the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 43:1-10. [PMID: 36684466 PMCID: PMC9838499 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Almost one year since the COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic, mental distress remains elevated with high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet studies suggest these challenging circumstances might be conducive of post-traumatic growth (PTG). This study aims to investigate the factors associated with growth after the original trauma. A sample of 252 Lebanese adults filled an online survey to determine levels of PTG, PTSD and gratitude using validated self-rating scales. Participants also subjectively evaluated the sources of their distress such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the Beirut port explosion and/or their deteriorating financials. The PTGi-SF evaluated dimensions of growth while the IES-R_22 measured the degree of distress post-trauma. The GQ-6 was used to measure the proneness to experience gratitude daily. Results indicated 41% of participants scored above the cutoff for PTSD symptomatology. Yet, PTSD was positively correlated, alongside gratitude and accumulated subjective distress, with higher levels of PTG. A forward linear regression taking PTG scores as the dependent variable further showed that more gratitude (Beta = 0.57), a higher impact of events (Beta = 0.16), and knowing anyone who died from COVID-19 (Beta = 3.93) were significantly associated with more growth. The study highlights elevated levels of PTSD symptoms in a context of a global pandemic worsened by financial and socio-political instabilities. It mostly identifies personal factors, including high initial symptomatology post-trauma and gratitude, related to the capacity for growth in spite of these accumulating hardships. As such, it advocates the need to investigate and bolster silver linings amidst unprecedented traumas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam El Khoury-Malhame
- Department of Social and Education Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Michel Sfeir
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Toni Sawma
- Department of Social and Education Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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104
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MacDonald HZ. Risk and resilience factors associated with college students' psychological distress and PTSD symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-15. [PMID: 36595583 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2155053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: College students are experiencing pronounced mental health difficulties as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Little is known, however, about underlying risk and resilience factors contributing to students' psychological health during this time. The current study examined mindfulness, resilience, coping, emotion regulation, and daily hassles as possible predictors of COVID-19 concern, psychological distress, and PTSD symptoms in a sample of college students. Participants: One hundred and thirty-five undergraduate college students participated in this study during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Participants completed a series of self-report questionnaires. Results: Risk and resilience factor hierarchical regression models were run separately to predict the three outcomes. Daily hassles, ethnicity, and first-generation college student status predicted greater COVID-19 concern; daily hassles and difficulties with emotion regulation predicted greater psychological distress; daily hassles, difficulties with emotion regulation, avoidant coping, and problem-focused coping positively predicted PTSD symptoms. Acting with awareness mindfulness and continuing-generation college student status predicted lower COVID-19 concern; acting with awareness mindfulness, nonjudging mindfulness, and resilience predicted lower psychological distress; acting with awareness mindfulness, nonjudging mindfulness, and resilience also predicted lower PTSD symptomatology. Conclusions: Identifying underlying factors associated with college students' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic may facilitate the development and implementation of targeted preventative interventions aimed at promoting well-being in this uniquely vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Z MacDonald
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Emmanuel College, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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105
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Nowak Z, Gawlik J, Wędrychowicz A, Nazim J, Starzyk JB. The incidence and causes of acute hospitalizations and emergency room visits in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a single-centre experience. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 29:22-29. [PMID: 36200795 PMCID: PMC10226457 DOI: 10.5114/pedm.2022.119944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. Because acute glycaemic com-plications account for most concerns in the management of T1DM in children, special attention during the challenging time of the global COVID-19 pandemic is required to prevent deteriorations resulting in acute hospitalization. AIM OF THE STUDY is to assess how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the incidence and causes of acute hospitalizations and emergency room visits in adolescents with established type 1 diabetes mellitus, and to characterize the admitted population. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted as a retrospective evaluation of acute hospitalizations of 39 T1DM patients between 15 and 17 years of age in the period 2018-2021. RESULTS No difference was noted in the incidence of acute hospitalizations and DKA or the biochemical parameters of adolescents with T1DM between the pre-COVID (23 patients in 2018-2019) and COVID period (16 patients in 2020-2021). It is, howev-er, worth underlying that 6/11 (55%) patients hospitalised in 2021 experienced diabetes deterioration as a result of emo-tional distress - a phenomenon that was not present in the pre-COVID era. After excluding of the hospitalizations due to psy-chosocial causes, a significant decrease in the number of acute hospitalizations in the COVID period was observed. CONCLUSIONS We suppose that increased parental supervision during the pandemic might have prevented some of the episodes of severe disease decompensation, but this was masked by the sharp increase in hospitalizations due to emotional distress. Our data confirmed that psycho-emotional status is an important factor in the treatment of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Nowak
- Student Scientific Society at the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Gawlik
- Student Scientific Society at the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Wędrychowicz
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children’s Hospital in Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Nazim
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children’s Hospital in Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy B. Starzyk
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children’s Hospital in Krakow, Poland
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Heumann E, Helmer SM, Busse H, Negash S, Horn J, Pischke CR, Niephaus Y, Stock C. Anxiety and depressive symptoms of German university students 20 months after the COVID-19 outbreak - A cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2023; 320:568-575. [PMID: 36220498 PMCID: PMC9547656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the long duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, monitoring mental health remains important. This study aimed to determine (1) the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among university students 20 months after the first COVID-19 restrictions and (2) which factors were associated with these outcomes. METHODS The cross-sectional COVID-19 German Student Well-being Study (C19 GSWS) collected data of 7025 students at five German universities. Associations between anxiety and depressive symptoms with sociodemographic and other factors were analysed using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 23.9 years (SD = 4.9), 67 % were female and 31 % male. The prevalence for depressive symptoms was 29 % (PHQ-2) and 12 % (CES-D 8) and 32 % for anxiety. A complicated relationship status, the lack of a trusted person, and financial difficulties were associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms. University students who were worried about (re-) infection with COVID-19 had a 1.37-times higher chance for reporting anxiety (GAD-2: OR, 95 % CI: 1.09-1.71). Those with pre-existing cardiovascular health conditions had an up to 3.21-times higher chance for reporting depressive symptoms (OR, CESD-D 8, 95 % CI: 1.44-7.14). LIMITATIONS The study design is cross-sectional and uses self-reported outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Concepts for prevention and counselling to tackle mental health problems in students are needed and programmes should take specific stressors related to the pandemic into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Heumann
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Heide Busse
- Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz-Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sarah Negash
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Johannes Horn
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Claudia R Pischke
- Institute of Medical, Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yasemin Niephaus
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Christiane Stock
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Unit for Health Promotion Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
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Offiong A, Willis K, Smith BD, Lewis Q, Portee-Mason D, Glover D, Burton M, Powell TW. Maintaining Community-engaged Research with Young People in A Virtual setting. Prog Community Health Partnersh 2023; 17:329-337. [PMID: 37462561 PMCID: PMC10570908 DOI: 10.1353/cpr.2023.a900213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partnering with young people to conduct research is fundamental to community mobilization. Recent restrictions on in-person interactions and engagement presented limitations for continued partnership with young people. OBJECTIVE To present a practical strategy and lessons learned to facilitate community-engaged research with youth in a virtual setting. METHODS Based on youth engagement tenets, the TEAM (tailor the compensation package, ensure meetings are accessible, accommodate personal needs, and maintain the structure of in-person meetings) strategy was used to adapt the partnership to a virtual setting. LESSONS LEARNED Three lessons are discussed 1) the importance of maintaining social connectedness, 2) maximizing flexibility, and 3) focusing on creativity and competency building. CONCLUSIONS The COVID pandemic forced researchers to rethink previous engagement practices that relied heavily on in-person interactions to be sustainable. The TEAM strategy is one way to successfully adapt practices and engage young people in virtual settings.
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108
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Kulcar V, Kreh A, Juen B, Siller H. The Role of Sense of Coherence During the COVID-19 Crisis: Does it Exercise a Moderating or a Mediating Effect on University Students' Wellbeing? SAGE OPEN 2023; 13:21582440231160123. [PMID: 36942126 PMCID: PMC10018232 DOI: 10.1177/21582440231160123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 crisis caused extensive mental health strains. Sense of coherence (SOC) is considered a protective factor for mental health in crisis that might also be decisive during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the mechanisms are not yet well understood. Using longitudinal survey data of 117 Austrian university students collected in 2020, we tested both moderating and mediating effects of SOC for the association of different stressors with later wellbeing. SOC did not buffer but mediated the effects of stressors on wellbeing. Students especially suffered from reduced feelings of manageability when confronted with financial strains, dissatisfying study situations, or disrupted plans. Supporting them in managing the difficulties of the crisis should therefore be considered a crucial part of psychosocial support.
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109
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Ramírez‐Vélez R, Olabarrieta‐Landa L, Rivera D, Izquierdo M. Factor structure of the 10-item CES-D Scale among patients with persistent COVID-19. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28236. [PMID: 36258275 PMCID: PMC9874723 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The presence of persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) might be associated with significant levels of psychological distress that would meet the threshold for clinical relevance. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) version 10 has been widely used in assessing psychological distress among general and clinical populations from different cultural backgrounds. To our knowledge, however, researchers have not yet validated these findings among patients with persistent COVID-19. A cross-sectional validation study was conducted with 100 patients from the EXER-COVID project (69.8% women; mean (±standard deviation) ages: 47.4 ± 9.5 years). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were performed on the 10-item CES-D to test four model fits: (a) unidimensional model, (b) two-factor correlated model, (c) three-factor correlated model, and (d) second-order factor model. The diagonal-weighted least-squares estimator was used, as it is commonly applied to latent variable models with ordered categorical variables. The reliability indices of the 10-item CES-D in patients with persistent COVID-19 were as follows: depressive affect factor ( α Ord = 0 . 82 ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{Ord}}=0.82$ ; ω u - cat = 0 . 78 ${\omega }_{{\rm{u}}-\mathrm{cat}}=0.78$ ), somatic retardation factor ( α Ord = 0 . 78 ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{Ord}}=0.78$ ; ω u - cat = 0 . 56 ${\omega }_{{\rm{u}}-\mathrm{cat}}=0.56$ ), and positive affect factor ( α Ord = 0 . 56 ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{Ord}}=0.56$ ; ω u - cat = 0 . 55 ${\omega }_{{\rm{u}}-\mathrm{cat}}=0.55$ ). The second-order model fit showed good Omega reliability ( ω ho = 0 . 87 ${\omega }_{\mathrm{ho}}=0.87$ ). Regarding CFAs, the unidimensional-factor model shows poor goodness of fit, especially residuals analysis (root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.081 [95% confidence interval, CI = 0.040-0.119]; standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = 0.101). The two-factor correlated model, three-factor correlated model, and second-order factor model showed adequate goodness of fit, and the χ2 difference test ( ∆ X 2 $\unicode{x02206}{X}^{2}$ ) did not show significant differences between the goodness of fit for these models ( ∆ X 2 = 4.1128 $\unicode{x02206}{X}^{2}=4.1128$ ; p = 0.127). Several indices showed a good fit with the three-factor correlated model: goodness-of-fit index = 0.974, comparative fit index = 0.990, relative noncentrality index = 0.990, and incremental fit index = 0.990, which were all above 0.95, the traditional cut-off establishing adequate fit. On the other hand, RMSEA = 0.049 (95% CI = 0.000-0.095), where an RMSEA < 0.06-0.08 indicates an adequate fit. Item loadings on the factors were statistically significant ( λ j ≥ 0.449 ${\lambda }_{j}\ge 0.449$ ; p's < 0.001), indicating that the items loaded correctly on the corresponding factors and the relationship between factors ( ϕ ≥ 0.382 $\phi \ge 0.382$ ; p's ≤ 0.001. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide validity and reliability to 10-item CES-D in a persistent COVID-19 Spanish patient sample. The validation and reliability of this short screening tool allow us to increase the chance of obtaining complete data in a particular patient profile with increased fatigue and brain fog that limit patients' capacity to complete questionnaires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez‐Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN)Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)PamplonaSpain,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
| | - Laiene Olabarrieta‐Landa
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain,Departamento de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)PamplonaSpain
| | - Diego Rivera
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain,Departamento de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)PamplonaSpain
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN)Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)PamplonaSpain,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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Zrnić Novaković I, Ajduković D, Bakić H, Borges C, Figueiredo-Braga M, Lotzin A, Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous X, Lioupi C, Javakhishvili JD, Tsiskarishvili L, Lueger-Schuster B. Shaped by the COVID-19 pandemic: Psychological responses from a subjective perspective-A longitudinal mixed-methods study across five European countries. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285078. [PMID: 37098092 PMCID: PMC10128933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contextual factors are essential for understanding long-term adjustment to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the present study investigated changes in mental health outcomes and subjective pandemic-related experiences over time and across countries. The main objective was to explore how psychological responses vary in relation to individual and environmental factors. METHODS The sample consisted of N = 1070 participants from the general population of Austria, Croatia, Georgia, Greece, and Portugal. We applied a longitudinal mixed-methods approach, with baseline assessment in summer and autumn 2020 (T1) and follow-up assessment 12 months later (T2). Qualitative content analysis by Mayring was used to analyse open-ended questions about stressful events, positive and negative aspects of the pandemic, and recommendations on how to cope. Mental health outcomes were assessed with the Adjustment Disorder-New Module 8 (ADNM-8), the Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5), the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), and the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5). The analyses were performed with SPSS Statistics Version 26 and MAXQDA 2022. RESULTS The mental health outcomes significantly differed over time and across countries, with e.g. Greek participants showing decrease in adjustment disorder symptoms (p = .007) between T1 and T2. Compared with other countries, we found better mental health outcomes in the Austrian and the Croatian sample at both timepoints (p < .05). Regarding qualitative data, some themes were equally represented at both timepoints (e.g. Restrictions and changes in daily life), while others were more prominent at T1 (e.g. Work and finances) or T2 (e.g. Vaccination issues). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that people's reactions to the pandemic are largely shaped by the shifting context of the pandemic, country-specific factors, and individual characteristics and circumstances. Resource-oriented interventions focusing on psychological flexibility might promote resilience and mental health amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and other global crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Zrnić Novaković
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Cognition, Behaviour and Neuroscience, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dean Ajduković
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Helena Bakić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Camila Borges
- Trauma Observatory, Centre for Social Studies (CES) of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Margarida Figueiredo-Braga
- Trauma Observatory, Centre for Social Studies (CES) of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Annett Lotzin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Chrysanthi Lioupi
- Department of Social Sciences, School of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Brigitte Lueger-Schuster
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Marquardt CA, Chu C, Hill JE, Venables NC, Kuzenski L, Davenport ND, Disner SG, Finn JA, Gilmore CS, Erbes CR, Urošević S. Evaluating resilience in response to COVID-19 pandemic stressors among veteran mental health outpatients. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL SCIENCE 2023; 132:26-37. [PMID: 36455008 PMCID: PMC9870973 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
There is a public health need to understand mental health vulnerabilities to COVID-19 pandemic-related stressors and promote resilience among high-risk populations with preexisting psychiatric conditions. Recent cross-sectional studies suggest increases in mental health distress (e.g., depression and anxiety) during the pandemic. The present study expands upon these emerging findings using longitudinal latent modeling and hierarchical linear regressions. Consistent with the developmental psychopathology literature on resilience, we distinguished between promotive or risk (i.e., main effect), and protective or vulnerability (i.e., moderation) effects on mental health during the pandemic. At a large medical center, 398 veterans receiving outpatient mental health care provided prepandemic (Time 1) and during pandemic (Time 2) assessments of mental and physical health-related distress. Additional Time 2 questionnaires assessed pandemic-related stressors and positive behavioral adaptations in the summer of 2020. As expected, total stressor scores predicted longitudinal worsening of self-reported mental (β = -.205) and physical health (β = -.217). Positive behavioral adaptations enacted during the pandemic moderated and protected against stressor effects on mental health (β = .160). In addition, the presence of substance use disorders moderated and conferred vulnerability to stressor effects on physical health (β = -.158). Thus, higher COVID-19 pandemic stressor exposure may have exacerbated mental and physical health distress among veterans with common forms of psychopathology. Nevertheless, behavioral activation, purposeful maintenance of social connections, and focused treatment for substance misuse may be important intervention targets for reducing the longitudinal impact of pandemic stressors and enhancing resilience among people with mental illness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A. Marquardt
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Carol Chu
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Jessica E. Hill
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Noah C. Venables
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Laci Kuzenski
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Nicholas D. Davenport
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Seth G. Disner
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Jacob A. Finn
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Casey S. Gilmore
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Christopher R. Erbes
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Snežana Urošević
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
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112
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Geçer E, Yıldırım M. Family Communication and Psychological Distress in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic: Mediating Role of Coping. JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES 2023; 44:203-219. [PMID: 36605181 PMCID: PMC9760519 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x211044489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the association between family communication and psychological distress with coping as a potential mediator. The study also developed and validated the Family Communication Scale (FCS) in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Participants (n = 658; 74.9% female) were general public ranged in age between 18 and 58 years (mean age = 26.38, SD = 10.01). The results showed that family communication directly influenced psychological distress and indirectly influenced through approach coping. However, avoidant coping was not directly associated with psychological distress, nor did it mediate the association between family communication and psychological distress. The findings suggest that people, who have better family communication, highly engage in approach coping which in turn leads to better psychological health in face of adversity. The findings have important empirical and theoretical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekmel Geçer
- Department of Psychology, Hamidiye
Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Health
Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Yıldırım
- Department of Psychology, Faculty
of Science and Letters, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen
University, Ağrı, Turkey
- Department of Neuroscience,
Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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113
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Popovici AF, Vaida S. Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Coping Mechanism During Covid-19 Pandemic. STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEȘ-BOLYAI PSYCHOLOGIA-PAEDAGOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.24193/subbpsyped.2022.2.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
"The current pandemic due to the COVID-19 virus has caught the entire world by surprise, on all aspects of life, from economic and work-related ones to education and online communication. Psychological health issues are not an exception to this rule, as people have been forced to either stay indoors during lockdown periods, or completely change their habits for longer periods of time. In this study, we investigated the effects of the pandemic on a sample of 241 adults, on several concepts. The study is relevant for understanding the factors that can contribute to maintaining a balance in life, especially in times of hardship. Keywords: anxiety, coping, Covid-19, depression, stress. "
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114
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Nearchou F. Self-harm in Young People: Investigating the Role of Resilience and Posttraumatic Stress Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022:1-12. [PMID: 36590446 PMCID: PMC9795111 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Evidence shows that young people may have experienced increased levels of posttraumatic stress and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the landscape on self-harm is still unclear. This study aimed to examine the role of COVID-19 related posttraumatic stress, depression and resilience as predictors of self-harm with and without suicidal intent. Participants were 625 young people aged 17-25 years old (M = 20.2 years, SD = 2.47). Resilience was measured using the self-reported Child & Youth Resilience Scale Measure - Revised (CYRM-R). Posttraumatic stress related to COVID-19 were measured using the Impact of Event Scale- Revised. Depression was measured using the depression subscale of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21. Self-harm was evaluated with two dichotomous items. Participants reported high levels of depression and COVID-19 posttraumatic stress, and a significant percentage reported engaging in self-harm. Hierarchical logistic regressions showed that caregiver resilience decreased approximately 20% the odds of engaging in self harm with and without suicidal intent remaining a consistent predictor even after accounting posttraumatic stress and depression in the models. Posttraumatic stress and depression predicted a one-fold increase in the odds of engaging in self-harm with and without suicidal intent. However, posttraumatic stress was no longer a significant predictor when depression was entered in the model in self-harm without suicidal intent. The COVID-19 pandemic may have increased the likelihood of engaging in self-harm in young people. However, caregiver resilience seems to operate as a protective factor. This important finding carries implications beyond the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finiki Nearchou
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Newman Building, Belfield Campus, Dublin, Dublin 4 Ireland
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115
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De Moor EL, Cheng TY, Spitzer JE, Berger C, Carrizales A, Garandeau CF, Gerbino M, Hawk ST, Kaniušonytė G, Kumru A, Malonda E, Rovella A, Shen YL, Taylor LK, van Zalk M, Branje S, Carlo G, Padilla Walker L, Van der Graaff J. What Should I do and Who's to blame? A cross-national study on youth's attitudes and beliefs in times of COVID-19. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279366. [PMID: 36542632 PMCID: PMC9770422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 crisis has had a major impact on youth. This study examined factors associated with youth's attitudes towards their government's response to the pandemic and their blaming of individuals from certain risk groups, ethnic backgrounds, and countries or regions. In a sample of 5,682 young adults (Mage = 22) from 14 countries, lower perceived burden due to COVID-19, more collectivistic and less individualistic values, and more empathy were associated with more positive attitudes towards the government and less blaming of individuals of certain groups. Youth's social identification with others in the pandemic mediated these associations in the same direction, apart from the COVID-19 burden on attitudes, which had a positive indirect effect. No evidence of country-level moderation was found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting-Yu Cheng
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jenna E. Spitzer
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Berger
- School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexia Carrizales
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | | | - Maria Gerbino
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Skyler T. Hawk
- Educational Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Goda Kaniušonytė
- Institute of Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Asiye Kumru
- Department of Psychology, Ozyegin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elisabeth Malonda
- Department of Basic Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Rovella
- Psychology Department, San Luis National University, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Yuh-Ling Shen
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Laura K. Taylor
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maarten van Zalk
- Developmental Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Susan Branje
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gustavo Carlo
- School of Education, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Laura Padilla Walker
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
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Jozefiakova B, Kascakova N, Furstova J, Sarnikova G, Hasto J, Tavel P. COVID anxiety and its predictors among Slovak adolescents. Front Psychol 2022; 13:993003. [PMID: 36578692 PMCID: PMC9791256 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.993003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic and its related restrictions, mainly social distancing, had an impact on the mental health of various groups, including adolescents. Methods The main goal of our study was to explore the impact of gender, age, resilience (measured using the Brief Resilience Scale), attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance (both measured using the Experiences in Close Relationships Revised Scale for adolescents), and mental and general health (measured using items of SF-8 Health Survey) on COVID anxiety (measured using the COVID Anxiety Scale) among a sample of Slovak adolescents (N = 1,786, age 15 to 19, mean age = 16.8, SD = 1.2). The data were collected online between 13 April and 24 May 2021. Results Four nested linear regression models were fitted to the data and evaluated. The significant predictors that had a greater effect than our smallest effect size of interest (β = 0.10) were gender (β = -0.26, p < 0.001, where boys had lower scores in COVID anxiety), general and mental health (β = -0.13 and β = -0.14, respectively, both with p < 0.001), resilience (β = -0.12, p < 0.001), and attachment avoidance (β = -0.11, p < 0.001). Similarly, age and attachment anxiety were significant predictors with a lower effect size (β = 0.06, p = 0.003, and β = 0.09, p < 0.001, respectively). Discussion Our results are in line with previous research findings highlighting the importance of prevention and interventions programs focused mainly on preventing loneliness and social disconnection, fostering secure attachment with parents and peers, and increasing the resilience of adolescents, especially in the stressful time of a pandemic, to promote their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiána Jozefiakova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Natália Kascakova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Psychiatric-Psychotherapeutic Outpatient Clinic, Pro Mente Sana, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Furstova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Gabriela Sarnikova
- Department of Christian Education, Sts. Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jozef Hasto
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Psychiatric-Psychotherapeutic Outpatient Clinic, Pro Mente Sana, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Social Work, St. Elizabeth College of Health and Social Work, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Tavel
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
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117
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Hébert M, Jean-Thorn A, Malchelosse K. An Exploratory Mixed-method Descriptive Analysis of Youth Coping during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Quebec. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022:1-14. [PMID: 36532140 PMCID: PMC9734407 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00505-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study presents an exploratory mixed-method descriptive analysis of psychological distress, challenges encountered and coping strategies of youth during the first wave of COVID-19. A total of 4 914 Quebec youth, aged 14 to 25 recruited through social media completed an online survey on the impact of the pandemic on their daily life, psychological distress and post-traumatic growth. They were also invited to answer two open-ended questions regarding the difficulties they experienced and their coping strategies. Overall, 26.6% of youth showed serious psychological distress and 20.3% displayed probable PTSD symptoms related to the COVID-19. Comparative analyses revealed that youth identifying as gender and sexual minorities were more vulnerable to distress during the first wave of the pandemic. While few sociodemographic variables distinguish youth reporting post-traumatic growth from those who do not, the former group was more likely to seek and receive social support. Qualitative data highlighted difficulties that were common to many respondents including lack of social contacts, the lockdown itself, and problems related to disruptions of educational and academic activities. Youth also mentioned three main strategies they used to cope: maintaining social contacts, engaging in leisure activities and physical exercise. While many youths have encountered compelling challenges during the lockdown of the first wave of COVID-19, some report having relied on efficient coping strategies to deal with the situation. Support services should be implemented to help the youth cope with the pandemic while considering their diverse needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Hébert
- Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8 Canada
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118
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Valdez CR, Walsdorf AA, Wagner KM, Salgado de Snyder VN, Garcia D, Villatoro AP. The intersection of immigration policy impacts and COVID-19 for Latinx young adults. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 70:420-432. [PMID: 35901500 PMCID: PMC9353277 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For many Latinx young adults, COVID-19 has exposed exclusionary policies that heighten risk for contracting the virus and that leave them and their parents unprotected. This study has a dual purpose; first, to quantitatively examine immigration policy impacts of discrimination, isolation, threats to family, and vulnerability, and their association to economic consequences experienced by Latinx young adults in Central Texas during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, to qualitatively explore how policy impacts affected Latinx young adults during the pandemic, and the coping mechanisms they utilized to minimize these impacts. Quantitative results show that on average, Latinx young adults (N = 83) reported low discrimination and isolation but moderate threats to family and vulnerability, with rates of isolation and vulnerability higher for foreign-born than U.S.-born Latinx young adults. Perceived discrimination due to one's own or family immigration status was associated with economic hardship. Qualitative findings show that Latinx young adults (n = 21) experienced (a) precarious conditions that pose a threat of COVID-19 infection for Latinxs, (b) parental job loss due to vulnerable employment leads to deprivation, and (c) policies that disproportionally discriminate against the Latinx community and exclude them from vital services. Despite these challenges, participants also drew on resilience and expressed hope for the future. The article concludes with implications for policymakers and practitioners to provide protections and services to Latinx young adults and their family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen R. Valdez
- Department of Population Health, Steve Hicks School of Social WorkThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Ashley A. Walsdorf
- Department of Population Health, Steve Hicks School of Social WorkThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Kevin M. Wagner
- Department of Population Health, Steve Hicks School of Social WorkThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - V. Nelly Salgado de Snyder
- Latino Research InstituteThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública de MéxicoCuernavacaMéxicoUSA
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119
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Purvis RS, Ayers BL, Rowland B, Moore R, Hallgren E, McElfish PA. "Life is hard": How the COVID-19 pandemic affected daily stressors of women. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2022; 1:100018. [PMID: 36776415 PMCID: PMC9162780 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2022.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic radically and rapidly altered Americans' daily life as they navigated quarantines, school closings, job insecurity, and disrupted social activities. The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected women who have reported higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression related to the pandemic compared to men. The study explored how the COVID-19 pandemic affected daily stressors of women. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected simultaneously using an online questionnaire from female participants (N = 531) who were 18 years of age or older and residing, employed, or accessing health care in Arkansas. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to summarize and synthesize participants' experiences and perceptions. Qualitative data allowed respondents to describe their lived experiences of how the COVID-19 pandemic affected them from their perspective. Four primary themes related to participants' experiences of stress related to the COVID-19 outbreak are reported: 1) employment and expenses, 2) social distancing, 3) caregiving, and 4) emotional/mental health. Several subthemes emerged within primary themes. The study documented respondents' lived experiences and how COVID-19 stress increased anxiety, depression, fear, and frustration. These findings contribute important nuances about women's experiences of stress caused by COVID-19 and can inform future health policies to address women's health post-pandemic and in future health crises. This study makes a significant contribution to the literature as the first article that uses qualitative methods to document sources of COVID-19 pandemic stress for women in their own words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. Purvis
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA
| | - Britni L. Ayers
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA
| | - Brett Rowland
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA
| | - Ramey Moore
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA
| | - Emily Hallgren
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA
| | - Pearl A. McElfish
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA,Corresponding author
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120
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Wu CF, Chou LW, Huang HC, Tu HM. Perceived COVID-19-related stress drives home gardening intentions and improves human health in Taiwan. URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING 2022; 78:127770. [PMID: 36311210 PMCID: PMC9597545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has added a layer of mental health problems and perceived stress. Home gardening is considered a good method to reduce perceived stress. The current research evidence is insufficient to understand the relationship and influencing factors between the intentions, behaviors, and benefits of home gardening during short-term COVID-19 events. Although the duration from the onset to stabilization of the outbreak lasted for only 1.5 months from May to June 2021 throughout Taiwan, the significant pandemic changes might have affected the perceived stress along with the intentions, behaviors, and benefits of home gardening. This study explored the relationship between pandemic stress and home gardening through online snowball sampling because of the strict social distancing regulations. A total of 1455 non-follow-up and internet questionnaires throughout Taiwan were collected during the wave onset, peak, easing, and stabilization stages. The questionnaire included questions on personal information, perceived pandemic stress, gardening intentions, gardening behaviors, and gardening benefits. This study showed that perceived stress increased from the pandemic onset to its peak, and decreased from the peak to stabilization stages. Home gardening intentions and behaviors also revealed similar trends. Higher pandemic-perceived stress directly increased home-gardening intentions and indirectly promoted home-gardening behaviors and benefits. Our findings indicated that home gardening is a positive element in reducing perceived stress. Lower gardening intentions and behaviors were observed when the high perceived stress was removed. This study suggests that home gardening was a valuable strategy for staying close to nature and obtaining multiple benefits during the peak pandemic period. Providing small-scale gardening activities and spaces is appropriate for obtaining gardening benefits and avoiding space abandonment after the pandemic. Providing seeds, seedlings, tools, knowledge, online home gardening programs, and small residential and food gardens is a valuable strategy for obtaining multiple benefits during the peak of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Fa Wu
- Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture from the Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education in Taiwan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Chou
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, 406040 Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Asia University Hospital, Asia University, 413505 Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, China Medical University Hospital, 404332 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chih Huang
- Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Tu
- Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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121
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Wisk LE, Gottlieb MA, Spatz ES, Yu H, Wang RC, Slovis BH, Saydah S, Plumb ID, O’Laughlin KN, Montoy JCC, McDonald SA, Lin Z, Lin JMS, Koo K, Idris AH, Huebinger RM, Hill MJ, Gentile NL, Chang AM, Anderson J, Hota B, Venkatesh AK, Weinstein RA, Elmore JG, Nichol G. Association of Initial SARS-CoV-2 Test Positivity With Patient-Reported Well-being 3 Months After a Symptomatic Illness. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2244486. [PMID: 36454572 PMCID: PMC9716377 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.44486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Long-term sequelae after symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection may impact well-being, yet existing data primarily focus on discrete symptoms and/or health care use. OBJECTIVE To compare patient-reported outcomes of physical, mental, and social well-being among adults with symptomatic illness who received a positive vs negative test result for SARS-CoV-2 infection. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study was a planned interim analysis of an ongoing multicenter prospective longitudinal registry study (the Innovative Support for Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infections Registry [INSPIRE]). Participants were enrolled from December 11, 2020, to September 10, 2021, and comprised adults (aged ≥18 years) with acute symptoms suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection at the time of receipt of a SARS-CoV-2 test approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. The analysis included the first 1000 participants who completed baseline and 3-month follow-up surveys consisting of questions from the 29-item Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS-29; 7 subscales, including physical function, anxiety, depression, fatigue, social participation, sleep disturbance, and pain interference) and the PROMIS Short Form-Cognitive Function 8a scale, for which population-normed T scores were reported. EXPOSURES SARS-CoV-2 status (positive or negative test result) at enrollment. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Mean PROMIS scores for participants with positive COVID-19 tests vs negative COVID-19 tests were compared descriptively and using multivariable regression analysis. RESULTS Among 1000 participants, 722 (72.2%) received a positive COVID-19 result and 278 (27.8%) received a negative result; 406 of 998 participants (40.7%) were aged 18 to 34 years, 644 of 972 (66.3%) were female, 833 of 984 (84.7%) were non-Hispanic, and 685 of 974 (70.3%) were White. A total of 282 of 712 participants (39.6%) in the COVID-19-positive group and 147 of 275 participants (53.5%) in the COVID-19-negative group reported persistently poor physical, mental, or social well-being at 3-month follow-up. After adjustment, improvements in well-being were statistically and clinically greater for participants in the COVID-19-positive group vs the COVID-19-negative group only for social participation (β = 3.32; 95% CI, 1.84-4.80; P < .001); changes in other well-being domains were not clinically different between groups. Improvements in well-being in the COVID-19-positive group were concentrated among participants aged 18 to 34 years (eg, social participation: β = 3.90; 95% CI, 1.75-6.05; P < .001) and those who presented for COVID-19 testing in an ambulatory setting (eg, social participation: β = 4.16; 95% CI, 2.12-6.20; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, participants in both the COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative groups reported persistently poor physical, mental, or social well-being at 3-month follow-up. Although some individuals had clinically meaningful improvements over time, many reported moderate to severe impairments in well-being 3 months later. These results highlight the importance of including a control group of participants with negative COVID-19 results for comparison when examining the sequelae of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Wisk
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Michael A. Gottlieb
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Erica S. Spatz
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Huihui Yu
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ralph C. Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Benjamin H. Slovis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sharon Saydah
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ian D. Plumb
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kelli N. O’Laughlin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Juan Carlos C. Montoy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Samuel A. McDonald
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
- Clinical Informatics Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Zhenqiu Lin
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jin-Mann S. Lin
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Katherine Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ahamed H. Idris
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Ryan M. Huebinger
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Mandy J. Hill
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Nicole L. Gentile
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Anna Marie Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jill Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Harborview Center for Prehospital Emergency Care, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Arjun K. Venkatesh
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robert A. Weinstein
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cook County Health, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joann G. Elmore
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Graham Nichol
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Medicine, Harborview Center for Prehospital Emergency Care, University of Washington, Seattle
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Essadek A, Gressier F, Krebs T, Corruble E, Falissard B, Rabeyron T. Assessment of mental health of university students faced with different lockdowns during the coronavirus pandemic, a repeated cross-sectional study. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2141510. [PMID: 38872601 PMCID: PMC9677981 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2141510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Successive lockdowns have a significant impact on the mental health of university students.PhD students have experienced the most significant deterioration in their mental health.The rate of suicidal ideation has increased significantly across the university student population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Essadek
- University of Lorraine, INTERPSY EA 4432, Nancy, France
| | - Florence Gressier
- Department of Psychiatry, Bicêtre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- CESP, INSERM U1018, Moods Team, University Paris-Saclay, Faculté de médecine Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Corruble
- Department of Psychiatry, Bicêtre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- CESP, INSERM U1018, Moods Team, University Paris-Saclay, Faculté de médecine Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Bruno Falissard
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Epidemiological and Public Health Research Centre, INSERM 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Thomas Rabeyron
- University of Lorraine, INTERPSY EA 4432, Nancy, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Aghaei A, Aggarwal A, Zhang R, Li X, Qiao S. Resilience resources and coping strategies of COVID-19 female long haulers: A qualitative study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:970378. [PMID: 36407988 PMCID: PMC9672809 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.970378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Female long haulers deal with persistent post-acute COVID-19 symptoms that have serious health implications. This study aimed to identify resilience resources at multiple socio-ecological levels for female long haulers and describe how resilience resources affect their responses to long COVID. Methods Purposive sampling was adopted to recruit participants through social media from April to June 2021 followed by 15 semi-structured interviews. An inductive analytical approach was adopted to categorize themes by open and axial coding that were verified by peer review. Results Female long haulers relied on resources at various socio-ecological levels to foster their resilience in response to long COVID. At the individual level, they utilized cognitive and emotional resources to increase knowledge, learn new skills, set goals, and manage emotions; behavioral resources (e.g., internal motivation and executive functioning) to perform physical, creative, and recreational activities, and adopt healthier eating habits; and spiritual resources to perform spiritual rituals and connect with God. At the social level, the support from existing relationships and/or online social support groups enhanced their social identity and provided material and informational resources. At the health systems level, the guidance from counselors and physicians and availability of clinics, medicines, and health equipment assisted them in symptom management and medication adherence. Conclusion The resilience of female long haulers can be enhanced through (1) offering financial and health-related resources, (2) developing online social-support groups, (3) counseling and care service training for healthcare professionals, and (4) implementing more psychosocial interventions by labor organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Aghaei
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- South Carolina SmartState Center of Healthcare Quality, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Abhishek Aggarwal
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- South Carolina SmartState Center of Healthcare Quality, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- South Carolina SmartState Center of Healthcare Quality, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- South Carolina SmartState Center of Healthcare Quality, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Shan Qiao
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- South Carolina SmartState Center of Healthcare Quality, Columbia, SC, United States
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Morales S, Zeytinoglu S, Lorenzo NE, Chronis-Tuscano A, Degnan KA, Almas AN, Pine DS, Fox NA. Which Anxious Adolescents Were Most Affected by the COVID-19 Pandemic? Clin Psychol Sci 2022; 10:1044-1059. [PMID: 36688176 PMCID: PMC9856700 DOI: 10.1177/21677026211059524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although the COVID-19 pandemic caused significant stress and anxiety among many, individuals' experiences varied. We examined if specific forms of anxiety predicted distinct trajectories of anxiety, perceived stress, and COVID-related worries during three early months of the pandemic. In a longitudinal study (N = 291), adolescents' (n = 194) social and generalized anxiety levels were assessed via parent- and self-reports and clinical diagnostic interviews. In young adulthood (n = 164), anxiety, stress, and COVID-related worries were assessed thrice during the pandemic. Pre-pandemic generalized anxiety predicted higher initial levels and maintenance of anxiety, stress, and COVID-related worries during the pandemic. In contrast, pre-pandemic social anxiety predicted lower initial levels of anxiety, stress, and COVID-related worries, but this initial effect on anxiety and stress was offset over time by social anxiety's positive effect on the slope. Our results highlight the importance of understanding how pre-pandemic factors influence individuals' experiences during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Morales
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland – College Park
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland – College Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
| | - Selin Zeytinoglu
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland – College Park
| | - Nicole E. Lorenzo
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland – College Park
| | | | | | - Alisa N. Almas
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health
| | - Nathan A. Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland – College Park
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland – College Park
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Hajek A, König HH. Loneliness, perceived isolation and sleep quality in later life. Longitudinal evidence from a population-based German study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 103:104795. [PMID: 36058046 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To date, there is restricted knowledge regarding the association between loneliness, perceived social isolation and sleep quality based on longitudinal studies. Our aim was therefore to clarify the association between loneliness, perceived social isolation and sleep quality stratified by sex using a longitudinal approach. METHODS Longitudinal data (wave 5 and wave 6) were used from a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling individuals ≥ 40 years in Germany. In our analytical sample, n equaled 8784 observations. The Bude and Lantermann tool was used to quantify perceived social isolation and the De Jong Gierveld tool was used to measure loneliness. Relying on key items of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, sleep quality was assessed. RESULTS Increases in loneliness were associated with worsening sleep quality (in men: in two outcomes; in women: in all three outcomes). Moreover, in men, increases in perceived social isolation was associated with decreases in overall sleep quality (β = 0.10, p < 0.01), but not with the other outcomes. In contrast, perceived social isolation was not associated with changes in any of the outcome measures in women. CONCLUSIONS Increases in loneliness were particularly associated with worsening sleep quality among women, whereas the overall sleep quality decreases when perceived social isolation increases in men. Efforts to reduce perceived social isolation (men) and loneliness (in men, but particularly in women) can contribute to sleep quality in individuals aged 40 years and over in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
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Rosa L, Godwin HJ, Cortese S, Brandt V. Predictors of longer-term depression trajectories during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study in four UK cohorts. EVIDENCE-BASED MENTAL HEALTH 2022; 25:e3. [PMID: 35902216 PMCID: PMC10231611 DOI: 10.1136/ebmental-2022-300461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an increase in mental ill health compared with prepandemic levels. Longer-term trajectories of depression in adults during the pandemic remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We used latent growth curve modelling to examine individual trajectories of depression symptoms, and their predictors, beyond the early stage of the pandemic. METHODS Data were collected in three waves in May 2020, September/October 2020 and February/March 2021 in four UK cohorts (Millennium Cohort Study, Next Steps cohort, British Cohort and National Child Development Study). We included n=16 978 participants (mean age at baseline: 20, 30, 50 and 62, respectively). Self-reported depressive symptoms were the study outcome. FINDINGS Symptoms of depression were higher in younger compared with older age groups (d=0.7) across all waves. While depressive symptoms remained stable from May 2020 to Autumn 2020 overall (standardized mean difference (SMD)=0.03, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.04), they increased in all age groups from May 2020 to Spring 2021 (SMD=0.12, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.13). Feelings of loneliness were the strongest predictor and concurrent correlate of increasing depressive symptoms across all cohorts, prepandemic mental health problems and having a long-term illness were also significantly associated with an increase in depression symptoms across all ages. By contrast, compliance with social distancing measures did not predict an increase in depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Feeling lonely and isolated had a large effect on depression trajectories across all generations, while social distancing measures did not. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS These findings highlight the importance of fostering the feeling of connectedness during COVID-19-related distancing measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Rosa
- School of Psychology, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hayward J Godwin
- School of Psychology, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Samuele Cortese
- School of Psychology, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Academic Unit of Psychology and Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
- New York University Child Study Center, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York City, New York, USA
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Valerie Brandt
- School of Psychology, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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Baldus C, Franz S, Thomasius R. Help Needs among Parents and Families in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Germany. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192114159. [PMID: 36361040 PMCID: PMC9655952 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by multiple disruptions in the everyday lives of families. Previous research has underlined the negative impact of the pandemic on stress among parents and identified factors related to heightened levels of stress. Yet, several potential stressors have not been taken into account. Moreover, little is known about how general and pandemic-related stressors impacted help-seeking intentions for personal or family problems. METHODS We recruited N = 602 parents and their children (n = 101) for a cross-sectional online survey on parent, child and family well-being, stress and help need after the first wave of COVID-19 infections in Germany. Data were analysed using multinomial regression analyses to predict family help need, taking into account pre-pandemic help-seeking. RESULTS Parents showed high levels of stress, which were associated with pre-pandemic mental health, family functioning, pandemic related worries about finances, household workload and health worries. While 76.2% of families reported no during-pandemic help need, 11.3% reported a help need before and during the pandemic and 12.5% of families without prior help needs reported a new help need during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study underline the need for help service providers to adapt their offers.
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Lv X, Ma J, Brinthaupt TM, Zhao S, Ren X. Impacts of university lockdown during the coronavirus pandemic on college students' academic achievement and critical thinking: A longitudinal study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:995784. [PMID: 36389610 PMCID: PMC9643715 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.995784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in widespread university lockdown. However, impacts of the university lockdown on the learning and academic development of university students have not been thoroughly investigated. The current study examined college students' changes of learning outcomes during the COVID-19 lockdown period and clarified what might explain individual differences in students' learning outcomes after they had learned from home for a whole semester when universities were physically closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were derived from a longitudinal study examining the development of college students including students' academic achievement and critical thinking (including both skills and dispositions) before and after the university lockdown. We observed significant decreases in critical thinking skills and dispositions from pre- to post-lockdown. Both perceived academic achievement and critical thinking exhibited greater variability after the lockdown. In addition, students' readiness for online learning, especially their self-management skills, consistently predicted post-lockdown learning outcomes after controlling for pre-lockdown outcomes and family socioeconomic status (SES). Those who have assumed more responsibilities at home, or who were more vulnerable to emotional distress during the pandemic, performed less well in post-lockdown learning outcomes. These findings call for better management of student learning and development when major changes are required in higher education practices for responding to the ongoing COVID-19 crisis as well as other potential situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Lv
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juanjuan Ma
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Thomas M Brinthaupt
- Department of Psychology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, United States
| | - Shaochun Zhao
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuezhu Ren
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Serafim SD, Goularte JF, Caldieraro MA, Lima FM, Dalpiaz G, Rabelo-da-Ponte FD, Torrent C, Solé B, Vieta E, Rosa AR. Validity and Reliability of the Digital Functioning Assessment Short Test (D-FAST) in the Brazilian Sample. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2022; 18:e174501792210121. [PMID: 37274864 PMCID: PMC10156048 DOI: 10.2174/17450179-v18-e2210121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has caused major disruptions in all aspects of daily functioning, from school and work to interactions with friends and family. The Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) is an interviewer-administered scale validated in the psychiatric sample with no previous study assessing its validity and reliability in a digital format. Thus, we aimed to analyse the psychometric properties of the digital version of the FAST and understand the implications of COVID-19 and restrictive measures on functioning. Methods Data were collected using an online survey. The psychometric properties of the digital FAST were assessed by confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and discriminant functional by cluster analysis in a community sample. Results Out of the total sample, 2,543 (84.1%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 34.28 (12.46) years. The digital FAST retained the six factors structure observed in the original version, with Cronbach's alpha above 0.9. In addition, we showed evidence of discriminant validity by differentiating three clusters of psychosocial functioning. Clinical and demographic differences between groups explained, in part, the heterogeneity of functioning, thus providing support for the construct validity of the instrument. Conclusion The digital FAST is a simple and easy-to-understand instrument that provides a multidimensional assessment of functioning without the need for an interviewer. Furthermore, our findings may help to better understand the psychosocial implications of the pandemic and the importance of planning specific interventions to rehabilitee the affected group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dubou Serafim
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, University Federal of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University Federal of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Ferraz Goularte
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, University Federal of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University Federal of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Caldieraro
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, University Federal of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University Federal of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Flavia Moreira Lima
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, University Federal of Rio Grande do Sul
, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Giovana Dalpiaz
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, University Federal of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University Federal of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Francisco Diego Rabelo-da-Ponte
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, University Federal of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University Federal of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Torrent
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, c/Villarroel, 170, 12-0, 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Brisa Solé
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, c/Villarroel, 170, 12-0, 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, c/Villarroel, 170, 12-0, 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Adriane Ribeiro Rosa
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, University Federal of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University Federal of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departament of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Impact of Confinement by COVID-19 in Awake and Sleep Bruxism Reported by Portuguese Dental Students. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206147. [PMID: 36294468 PMCID: PMC9604542 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Confinement by COVID-19 was a stressful period that could potentially trigger awake bruxism (AB) and/or sleep bruxism (SB) behaviors. This study aims to characterize the AB and SB behaviors reported by Portuguese dental students before the pandemic and during the first period of mandatory confinement by COVID-19. Dental students were included in this longitudinal study. They answered the Portuguese validated version of the Oral Behavior Checklist (OBC) before the COVID-19 pandemic emerged (T1) and one month after mandatory confinement started in Portugal (T2). Descriptive statistics and the linear-by-linear association test were performed to assess changes over time (p ≤ 0.05). Sixty-four dental students (mean age 22.5 ± 2.8 years; 81.5% females) completed the study protocol. Considering AB, there was a general increase of the behavior from T1 to T2. The percentage of participants who reported to “grind their teeth when waking up” just few times decreased (p < 0.001) and the percentage of participants who reported “feeling discomfort/tension in the facial muscles when waking up just few times” increased (p = 0.019). Considering SB, there was a significant decrease of the behavior in all samples. The number of “None” report to grinding teeth during sleep or when waking up increased (p = 0.012). An increase in the self-reporting of feeling discomfort in masticatory muscles when awake or sleeping was observed (p = 0.028). The percentage of participants who did “not remember” any AB or SB activity decreased (p < 0.050). The confinement due to COVID-19 resulted in a forced change in dental students’ lifestyles that resulted in an increase of reported AB and a decrease of reported SB. Clinical Significance: In case of confinement periods, students should be encouraged to try normalizing their daily life by creating healthy routines and, by doing so, reducing the possible predisposition to bruxism and its consequences.
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Alradhi MA, Moore J, Patte KA, O’Leary DD, Wade TJ. Adverse Childhood Experiences and COVID-19 Stress on Changes in Mental Health among Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12874. [PMID: 36232173 PMCID: PMC9566166 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to poor mental health outcomes and may be particularly damaging for young adults who may be more affected by governmental pandemic responses such as mandatory school and work closures, online schooling, and social isolation. Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) has also been shown to have a significant impact on mental health among young adults. This prospective study examined whether young adults with higher ACE profiles were more vulnerable to COVID-19 stressors. Using pre-COVID-19 data from the Niagara Longitudinal Heart Study and a follow-up online survey during COVID-19, we examined 171 young adults and found that high COVID-19-related stress, especially emotional and relationship stress, led to a greater reduction in mental health among young adults with higher levels of ACEs. Findings indicate that young adults with high ACE profiles may benefit from resources and intervention programs directed at mental health in times of crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshari A. Alradhi
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Jessy Moore
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Karen A. Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Deborah D. O’Leary
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Brock-Niagara Centre for Health and Well-Being, 130 Lockhart Dr, St. Catharines, ON L2T 1W5, Canada
| | - Terrance J. Wade
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Brock-Niagara Centre for Health and Well-Being, 130 Lockhart Dr, St. Catharines, ON L2T 1W5, Canada
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Wiedemann A, Stochl J, Neufeld SAS, Fritz J, Bhatti J, Hook RW, Goodyer IM, Dolan RJ, Bullmore ET, Chamberlain SR, Fonagy P, Perez J, Jones PB. The impact of the initial COVID-19 outbreak on young adults' mental health: a longitudinal study of risk and resilience factors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16659. [PMID: 36198725 PMCID: PMC9533974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies assessing the effects of COVID-19 on mental health include prospective markers of risk and resilience necessary to understand and mitigate the combined impacts of the pandemic, lockdowns, and other societal responses. This population-based study of young adults includes individuals from the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network (n = 2403) recruited from English primary care services and schools in 2012-2013 when aged 14-24. Participants were followed up three times thereafter, most recently during the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 outbreak when they were aged between 19 and 34. Repeated measures of psychological distress (K6) and mental wellbeing (SWEMWBS) were supplemented at the latest assessment by clinical measures of depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7). A total of 1000 participants, 42% of the original cohort, returned to take part in the COVID-19 follow-up; 737 completed all four assessments [mean age (SD), 25.6 (3.2) years; 65.4% female; 79.1% White]. Our findings show that the pandemic led to pronounced deviations from existing mental health-related trajectories compared to expected levels over approximately seven years. About three-in-ten young adults reported clinically significant depression (28.8%) or anxiety (27.6%) under current NHS guidelines; two-in-ten met clinical cut-offs for both. About 9% reported levels of psychological distress likely to be associated with serious functional impairments that substantially interfere with major life activities; an increase by 3% compared to pre-pandemic levels. Deviations from personal trajectories were not necessarily restricted to conventional risk factors; however, individuals with pre-existing health conditions suffered disproportionately during the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Resilience factors known to support mental health, particularly in response to adverse events, were at best mildly protective of individual psychological responses to the pandemic. Our findings underline the importance of monitoring the long-term effects of the ongoing pandemic on young adults' mental health, an age group at particular risk for the emergence of psychopathologies. Our findings further suggest that maintaining access to mental health care services during future waves, or potential new pandemics, is particularly crucial for those with pre-existing health conditions. Even though resilience factors known to support mental health were only mildly protective during the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, it remains to be seen whether these factors facilitate mental health in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wiedemann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, 18B Trumpington Road, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK. .,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK. .,National Institute for Health Research, Applied Research Collaboration, East of England, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Jan Stochl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, 18B Trumpington Road, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Applied Research Collaboration, East of England, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Kinanthropology and Humanities, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sharon A S Neufeld
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, 18B Trumpington Road, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
| | - Jessica Fritz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, 18B Trumpington Road, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Junaid Bhatti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, 18B Trumpington Road, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
| | - Roxanne W Hook
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, 18B Trumpington Road, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
| | | | - Ian M Goodyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, 18B Trumpington Road, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
| | - Raymond J Dolan
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK
| | - Edward T Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, 18B Trumpington Road, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
| | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jesus Perez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, 18B Trumpington Road, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK.,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Applied Research Collaboration, East of England, Cambridge, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Department of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, 18B Trumpington Road, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK.,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Applied Research Collaboration, East of England, Cambridge, UK
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133
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Mauro M, Toselli S, Bonazzi S, Grigoletto A, Cataldi S, Greco G, Maietta Latessa P. Effects of quarantine on Physical Activity prevalence in Italian Adults: a pilot study. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14123. [PMID: 36213500 PMCID: PMC9536321 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is a respiratory disease that caused a global pandemic status in March 2020. Due to its fast diffusion, many governments adopted forced solutions including social restrictions, which could negatively affect citizens' habits as physical activity. Our study aimed to investigate how and why the physical activity prevalence varied from the period before the quarantine up to the period after it, and understand what citizens thought of physical inactivity COVID-19 related to and whether they were satisfied with physical activity promotion during the lockdown. Methods A new questionnaire was created and administered online. A sample of 749 interviews (female = 552 (73.7%), male = 197 (26.3%)) was collected and analysed. Results The prevalence of people who were older than 50 years reduced both during and after the lockdown (P < 0.05) and the most common reason for which they have quitted physical activity practice was related to psychological problems (lockdown = 64.57%; post-lockdown = 62.17%). In addition, youngers seemed to be more sensitive than elders to unhealthy consequences generated by forced isolation (P < 0.05), and they believed that children/adolescents and older adults practised an insufficient amount of physical activity and/or sport, which could negatively impact public health. Conclusions Although many strategies were implemented during the lockdown to promote regular physical activity practice, several results suggested that quarantine negatively affected citizens' habits. The future government should focus on adequate measures to improve health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mauro
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Toselli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Bonazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Grigoletto
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Cataldi
- Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Greco
- Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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134
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Senejko A, Godawa G, Gurba E, Kalus A, Gurba K. Growth-Related Responses to the Threat of COVID-19 among Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912597. [PMID: 36231896 PMCID: PMC9566047 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of our study was to determine whether the experience of the types of pandemic threats included in the study, could activate development responses among adolescents and what the role of the level of stress experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic is in the process of post-traumatic PTG growth. We also made an attempt to investigate whether personality traits and gender were predictors of PTG growth in adolescents. Therefore, the theoretical bases for the interpretation of the obtained results are models of post-traumatic growth (PTG), mainly by Calhoun and Tedeschi. The research was conducted in March 2020. The study subjects were 405 adolescents aged 14 to 20 years, with an average age of 17 years, of whom 59% were females and 41% were males. The following methods were used in the study: IPIP-BFM-20 to estimate five personality traits, PSS- to diagnose perceived stress, and an in-house questionnaire of pandemic threats experienced by adolescents (KŻP). The results showed that the various types of 'pandemic' threats (threats to life, family, and lifestyle) are positive predictors of growth-related changes; additionally, such factors as personality traits (here: extroversion), stress level, and gender had a positive mediating effect on growth-related changes. It was also possible to show that out of the four dimensions of post-traumatic growth, three could be activated under pandemic conditions. These were: changes in relationships with others, greater appreciation of everyday life, and spiritual changes. Changes in self-perception-one of the dimensions of post-traumatic growth, were not activated due to experiencing three types of pandemic threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Senejko
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Lower Silesia, 53-611 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Godawa
- Department of Social Sciences, The Pontifical University of John Paul II, 31-002 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Gurba
- Department of Philosophy, The Pontifical University of John Paul II, 31-002 Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicja Kalus
- Institute of Psychology, University of Opole, 45-040 Opole, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gurba
- Institute of Journalism and International Relations, Pedagogical University of Krakow, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
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135
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Rodrigues DL, Lopes D, Balzarini RN. Having a prevention regulatory focus longitudinally predicted distress and health‐protective behaviours during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Stress Health 2022; 38:767-775. [PMID: 35122392 PMCID: PMC9111114 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
People focussed on prevention (vs. promotion) are motivated by safety and are less inclined to take risks. We tested if having a prevention (vs. promotion) focus before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak predicted threat perceptions and health outcomes throughout the pandemic. Participants (N = 161) took part in a longitudinal study. Measures were assessed before the pandemic was declared (on November 2019, T1) and after a global pandemic was declared (on June 2020, T2). Participants who were more focussed on prevention prior to the onset of the pandemic (at T1) perceived greater risk and were more worried about contracting COVID-19, and engaged in more preventive behaviours during the pandemic (at T2). They also reported less anxiety and felt healthier later on (at T2). Exploratory analyses revealed that enacting preventive behaviours helped people cope with pandemic-related anxiety. Being motivated by security and enacting preventive behaviours seems to have helped people reduce anxiety over risk even during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diniz Lopes
- Iscte–Instituto Universitário de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Rhonda N. Balzarini
- Department of PsychologyTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTexasUSA,The Kinsey InstituteIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
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136
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Lamptey E, Yaidoo S, Asiedua E, Boakye EO, Banoya MT, Senkyire EK. Monkey pox: Rethinking COVID-19 to project future strategies against emerging and evolving pathogens. HEALTH CARE SCIENCE 2022; 1:129-133. [PMID: 38938887 PMCID: PMC9874825 DOI: 10.1002/hcs2.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 Monkey pox, days like these need planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Lamptey
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences (Including Health and Agriculture), Pan African UniversityUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria
| | - Stanley Yaidoo
- St. Gregory Catholic Hospital, Central RegionGomoa East DistrictBuduburamGhana
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137
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Daly M, Sutin AR, Robinson E. Longitudinal changes in mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from the UK Household Longitudinal Study. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2549-2558. [PMID: 33183370 PMCID: PMC7737138 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720004432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 178.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has had a range of negative social and economic effects that may contribute to a rise in mental health problems. In this observational population-based study, we examined longitudinal changes in the prevalence of mental health problems from before to during the COVID-19 crisis and identified subgroups that are psychologically vulnerable during the pandemic. METHODS Participants (N = 14 393; observations = 48 486) were adults drawn from wave 9 (2017-2019) of the nationally representative United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) and followed-up across three waves of assessment in April, May, and June 2020. Mental health problems were assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). RESULTS The population prevalence of mental health problems (GHQ-12 score ⩾3) increased by 13.5 percentage points from 24.3% in 2017-2019 to 37.8% in April 2020 and remained elevated in May (34.7%) and June (31.9%) 2020. All sociodemographic groups examined showed statistically significant increases in mental health problems in April 2020. The increase was largest among those aged 18-34 years (18.6 percentage points, 95% CI 14.3-22.9%), followed by females and high-income and education groups. Levels of mental health problems subsequently declined between April and June 2020 but remained significantly above pre-COVID-19 levels. Additional analyses showed that the rise in mental health problems observed throughout the COVID-19 pandemic was unlikely to be due to seasonality or year-to-year variation. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that a pronounced and prolonged deterioration in mental health occurred as the COVID-19 pandemic emerged in the UK between April and June 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Daly
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | | | - Eric Robinson
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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138
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Kyröläinen AJ, Luke J, Libben G, Kuperman V. Valence norms for 3,600 English words collected during the COVID-19 pandemic: Effects of age and the pandemic. Behav Res Methods 2022; 54:2445-2456. [PMID: 34918233 PMCID: PMC8676940 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-021-01740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The topic of affective development over the lifespan is at the forefront of psychological science. One of the intriguing findings in this area is superior emotion regulation and increased positivity in older rather than younger adults. This paper aims to contribute to the empirical base of studies on the role of affect in cognition. We report a new dataset of valence (positivity) ratings to 3,600 English words collected from North American and British English-speaking younger (below 65 years of age) and older adults (65 years of age and older) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This dataset represents a broad range of valence and a rich selection of semantic categories. Our analyses of the new data pitted against comparable pre-pandemic (2013) data from younger counterparts reveal differences in the overall distribution of valence related both to age and the psychological fallout of the pandemic. Thus, we found at the group level that older participants produced higher valence ratings overall than their younger counterparts before and especially during the pandemic. Moreover, valence ratings saw a super-linear increase after the age of 65. Together, these findings provide new evidence for emotion regulation throughout adulthood, including a novel demonstration of greater emotional resilience in older adults to the stressors of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki-Juhani Kyröläinen
- Department of Linguistics and Languages, McMaster University, Togo Salmon Hall 513, 1280 Main Street West, Ontario, L8S 4M2, Hamilton, Canada.
- Department of Applied Linguistics, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Ontario, L2S 3A1, St. Catharines, Canada.
| | - Javon Luke
- Department of Applied Linguistics, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Ontario, L2S 3A1, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Gary Libben
- Department of Applied Linguistics, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Ontario, L2S 3A1, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Victor Kuperman
- Department of Linguistics and Languages, McMaster University, Togo Salmon Hall 513, 1280 Main Street West, Ontario, L8S 4M2, Hamilton, Canada
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139
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Manukyan P, Deviaterikova A, Velichkovsky BB, Kasatkin V. The Impact of Mild COVID-19 on Executive Functioning and Mental Health Outcomes in Young Adults. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1891. [PMID: 36292338 PMCID: PMC9601355 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is associated with a range of long-lasting symptoms related to cognitive and psycho-emotional spheres. Even mild cases of the disease can lead to persistent cognitive deficits and deterioration of the psycho-emotional state. The purpose of our study was to examine the presence and frequency of psycho-emotional disorders and cognitive deficits in students who recovered from mild form of COVID-19. A total of 40 COVID-19 survivors and 25 healthy controls participated in our study. We assessed three core cognitive functions (inhibition, working memory, task-switching), reaction time and motor speed. We also assessed depression, anxiety and fatigue with self-report questionnaires. The COVID-19 group manifested increased depression and decreased inhibition in comparison with the controls. Our results show that even in young adults who have recovered from mild COVID-19, there are persisting cognitive and psycho-emotional deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piruza Manukyan
- Research Institute for Brain Development and Peak Performance, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 125009 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena Deviaterikova
- Research Institute for Brain Development and Peak Performance, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris B. Velichkovsky
- Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 125009 Moscow, Russia
- Cognitive Foundations of Communication Laboratory, Moscow State Linguistic University, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Department of General Psychology, Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kasatkin
- Research Institute for Brain Development and Peak Performance, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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140
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Mitchell JJ, Bu F, Fancourt D, Steptoe A, Bone JK. Longitudinal associations between physical activity and other health behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic: a fixed effects analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15956. [PMID: 36153415 PMCID: PMC9509399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Government enforced restrictions on movement during the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to have had profound impacts on the daily behaviours of many individuals, including physical activity (PA). Given the associations between PA and other health behaviours, changes in PA during the pandemic may have been detrimental for other health behaviours. This study aimed to evaluate whether changes in PA during and after the first national lockdown in the United Kingdom (UK) were associated with concurrent changes in alcohol consumption, sleep, nutrition quality, diet quantity and sedentary time. Data were derived from the UCL COVID-19 Social Study, in which 52,784 adults were followed weekly across 22 weeks of the pandemic from 23rd March to 23rd August 2020. Fixed effects regression models showed that greater PA was positively associated with improved sleep and nutrition quality. However, increases in PA also showed modest associations with increased alcohol consumption and sedentary time. Encouraging people to engage in PA may lead to wider changes in other health behaviours in times of adversity. These associations could be a result of increases in available leisure time for many people during COVID-19 restrictions and are of ongoing importance given the emerging long-term changes to lifestyle and working patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Mitchell
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, UCL Medical School (Royal Free Campus), Upper Third Floor, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
| | - Feifei Bu
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daisy Fancourt
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica K Bone
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
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141
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Sandner M, Patzina A, Anger S, Bernhard S, Dietrich H. The COVID-19 pandemic, well-being, and transitions to post-secondary education. REVIEW OF ECONOMICS OF THE HOUSEHOLD 2022; 21:461-483. [PMID: 36187597 PMCID: PMC9510585 DOI: 10.1007/s11150-022-09623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the immediate and intermediate effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of two high school graduation cohorts (2020 and 2021) and how changes in well-being affect students' educational plans and outcomes. Our unique panel data on 3697 students from 214 schools in 8 German federal states contain prospective survey information on three dimensions of well-being: mental health problems, self-rated health, and life satisfaction. Data is collected several months before (fall 2019), shortly before and soon after (spring 2020) as well as several months after (fall/winter 2020/21) the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Applying difference-in-differences designs, random effect growth curve models, and linear regression models, we find that school closures had a positive immediate effect on students' well-being. Over the course of the pandemic, however, well-being strongly declined, mainly among the 2021 graduation cohort. We show that a strong decline in mental health is associated with changes in educational and career plans and transition outcomes. As adverse life experiences in adolescence are likely to accumulate over the life course, this study is the first to exhibit potential long-lasting negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on education and careers of young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Sandner
- Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Patzina
- Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany
- University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Silke Anger
- Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany
- University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
- Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Bernhard
- Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Hans Dietrich
- Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany
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142
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Broos HC, Llabre MM, Saab PG, Leite RO, Port JH, Timpano KR. The relationship between health worry, work distress, and affective symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating role of hopelessness and helplessness. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 62:10-27. [PMID: 36125014 PMCID: PMC9538047 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic presented both serious health threats and economic hardships, which were reflected in increased rates of mood and anxiety symptoms. We examined two separate distress domains, health worries and work distress, as predictors of mood and anxiety symptoms. Additionally, we considered whether these two domains might be uniquely associated with the development of dysfunctional beliefs, as a proposed mechanism to account for increased symptoms during the pandemic. Two separate models were considered to examine if associations remained stable through the first year of the pandemic. METHODS Participants (N = 2152) were a representative sample of Florida adults. They completed online surveys at three waves: Wave 1 (April-May 2020), Wave 2 (May-June 2020), and Wave 3 (December-February 2021). Participants completed measures of COVID-19 health worry and work distress, anxiety, and depression. They also reported their level of hopelessness and helplessness (indices of dysfunctional beliefs). RESULTS In an early pandemic model (Wave 1-Wave 2), health worry directly and indirectly predicted anxiety and depression via dysfunctional beliefs. In contrast, work distress only indirectly predicted both outcomes. In a longer-term model (Wave 2-Wave 3), health worry had direct and indirect effects on downstream anxiety but not depression. Pandemic work distress had no effect on depression or dysfunctional beliefs; however, it was associated with less anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Although health worry and work distress predicted later symptoms of anxiety and depression, they appeared to operate through different pathways. These findings provide guidance for the development of more effective interventions to reduce the impact of pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C. Broos
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFloridaUSA
| | - Maria M. Llabre
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFloridaUSA
| | - Patrice G. Saab
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFloridaUSA
| | - Rafael O. Leite
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFloridaUSA
| | - Jamie H. Port
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFloridaUSA
| | - Kiara R. Timpano
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFloridaUSA
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143
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Repo J, Herkama S, Yanagida T, Salmivalli C. Transition to emerging adulthood during the COVID-19 pandemic: Changes in anxiety and the role of inclusion/exclusion experiences. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2022.2122434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juuso Repo
- INVEST Flagship Research Center/Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sanna Herkama
- INVEST Flagship Research Center/Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Takuya Yanagida
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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144
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Wang D, Zhao J, Zhai S, Ye H, Bu L, Fan F. Does sleep disturbance predicts posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among college students during COVID-19 lockdown? A longitudinal survey. Front Public Health 2022; 10:986934. [PMID: 36176529 PMCID: PMC9514232 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.986934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between self-reported sleep disturbances, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in a large cohort of Chinese adolescents experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Participants were 67905 Chinese college students in the two-wave longitudinal web-based survey during early COVID-19 outbreak (Time1, T1: Feb 3rd to 10th, 2020) and initial remission period (Time2, T2: March 24th to April 3rd, 2020). The Youth Self Rating Insomnia Scale (YSIS), 6-Item Impact of Event Scale (IES-6), and 9-Item Patient Heath Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to assess adolescents' sleep, PTSD, and depressive symptoms, respectively, at T1 and T2. Results Self-reported PTSD and depression prevalence at T1 were 34.6% and 21.6% respectively. While depressive symptoms worsened as the lockdown time increased, while PTSD symptoms decreased. After adjusting for confounding factors, sleep disturbance and sleep deprivation at T1 were significantly associated with increased PTSD and depressive symptoms at T2. Furthermore, sleep disturbance and sleep deprivation also predicted the new onset and persistence of PTSD and depression. Conclusion Sleep disturbance predicts the development and persistence of PTSD and depression. Early assessment and treatment of sleep disturbance may be an important strategy for prevention and intervention of PTSD and depression in adolescents after experiencing the special public health emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Zhai
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Haoxian Ye
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luowei Bu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Fan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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145
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Brooks JM, Patton C, Maroukel S, Perez AM, Levanda L. The differential impact of COVID-19 on mental health: Implications of ethnicity, sexual orientation, and disability status in the United States. Front Psychol 2022; 13:902094. [PMID: 36176783 PMCID: PMC9513514 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.902094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic's effects on mental health interact with preexisting health risks and disparities to impact varying populations differently. This study explored the relationship between demographic variables (e.g., ethnicity, sexual orientation, and disability status), distress and mental health (e.g., depression, anxiety, somatic complaints, and pandemic distress), and vulnerability factors for COVID-19 (e.g., personal health vulnerabilities, community members' health vulnerabilities, and environmental exposure risks at work or home). An online cross-sectional study was conducted from 18 June to 17 July 2020, reflecting the impact of early phase COVID-19 pandemic and related shelter-in-place measures in the United States. Participants were adults residing in the United States (N = 594), with substantial subsamples (N ≥ 70) of American Indian, Asian American, African-American, and Hispanic and/or Latinx participants, as well as people with disabilities and sexual minorities. Outcomes measured were depression, hopelessness, somatic complaints, anxiety-related disorders, locus of control (LOC), and a novel measure of pandemic-related distress. Data were analyzed using analyses of covariance (ANCOVA), chi-square test, and correlation coefficients. Generally, younger individuals, and those with less financial power-across all identities-suffered more distress. When controlling for age, lower financial power was associated with higher scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised (CESD-R; r = -0.21, p = < 0.001), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS; r = -0.17, p < 0.001), Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15; r = -0.09, p = 0.01), Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders for Adults Panic Disorder (SCARED-A PD; r = -0.14, p < 0.001), SCARED-A generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; r = -0.13, p = 0.002), SCARED-A obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; r = -0.08, p = 0.04), and the COVID-19 Pandemic Distress restriction/disconnection scale (C19PDS; r = -0.10, p = 0.009). In addition, disparities were found, in general, for marginalized identities by gender, sexual orientation, and disability status. Importantly, each ethnicity subsample showed a unique pattern of relationships between COVID-19 risk variables and mental health symptoms. The results support the hypothesis that any pandemic may amplify preexisting social and financial disparities. Overall, interventions at the clinical, governmental, or health equity level should take into consideration the needs of vulnerable groups.
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146
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Vuzic XD, Burkart PL, Wenzl M, Fuchshuber J, Unterrainer HF. The relationship between religious/spiritual well-being, psychiatric symptoms and addictive behaviors among young adults during the COVID-19-pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:942149. [PMID: 36172231 PMCID: PMC9511163 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.942149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is becoming increasingly apparent that the COVID-19 pandemic not only poses risks to physical health, but that it also might lead to a global mental health crisis, making the exploration of protective factors for mental well-being highly relevant. The present study seeks to investigate religious/spiritual well-being (RSWB) as a potential protective factor with regard to psychiatric symptom burden and addictive behavior. Materials and Methods The data was collected by conducting an online survey in the interim period between two national lockdowns with young adults (N = 306; age: 18-35) in Austria. The primary study variables were assessed through the Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18; psychiatric symptom load), the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST; addictive behavior/addiction risk) and the Multidimensional Inventory for Religious/Spiritual Well-Being short version (MI-RSWB 12), with its sub-dimensions Hope (HO), Forgiveness (FO), General Religiosity (GR), and Connectedness (CO). Results We observed HO and FO as substantial negative predictors of psychiatric symptom burden. With regard to addictive behavior, HO in particular but also GR seem to have a protective function. Furthermore, we found positive connections between CO, psychiatric symptom burden, and addictive behavior. Conclusion In line with our assumptions, HO, FO and to a minor extent GR were confirmed as negative predictors regarding psychiatric symptom burden or addictive behavior in young adults, coping with the psychological threat of COVID-19 pandemic. These dimensions might be further considered as potential resources in clinical treatment. However, the positive prediction of mental illness parameters by increased feelings of CO could also be interpreted as an expression of exhaustion and alienation from the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia D. Vuzic
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Magdalena Wenzl
- CIAR: Center for Integrative Addiction Research, Grüner Kreis Society, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Fuchshuber
- CIAR: Center for Integrative Addiction Research, Grüner Kreis Society, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Philosophy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Human-Friedrich Unterrainer
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- CIAR: Center for Integrative Addiction Research, Grüner Kreis Society, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Religious Studies, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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147
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Prattley J, Evans‐Whipp T, O'Donnell K, Wong C, Quinn B, Rowland B. Returning to the nest: Emerging adults living with parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. THE AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES 2022; 58:AJS4235. [PMID: 36247404 PMCID: PMC9538216 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the working, study and social lives of emerging adults due to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to greater need for external supports. Many who lived independently may have sought that support by returning to live with parents. This study identifies factors associated with returns made between 2019 and 2020. It describes supports needed and obtained, relationships between parents and their resident emerging adults and identifies correlates of poor coping and high psychological distress. Data from the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth and the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children were used and showed half of the emerging adults who moved did so due to COVID-19 restrictions. Loss of work and increased need for emotional and financial support were key drivers of moves. Nineteen per cent who returned found spending more time with family difficult and over half did not have their support needs fully met, increasing their odds of poor coping at that time (OR = 2.9, 4.3, respectively) and subsequent psychological distress (OR = 6.0). Families were an important source of support but could not necessarily mitigate all challenges; for some emerging adults, returning to live with parents gave rise to additional difficulties which negatively affected mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tracy Evans‐Whipp
- Australian Institute of Family StudiesSouthbankVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsRoyal Children's Hospital and The University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Karlee O'Donnell
- Australian Institute of Family StudiesSouthbankVictoriaAustralia
- School of Applied PsychologyGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Clement Wong
- Australian Institute of Family StudiesSouthbankVictoriaAustralia
| | - Brendan Quinn
- Australian Institute of Family StudiesSouthbankVictoriaAustralia
- Behaviours and Health Risks ProgramBurnet InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive MedicineMonash University (Alfred Hospital)MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Bosco Rowland
- Australian Institute of Family StudiesSouthbankVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Social, Early and Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
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148
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Katz BA, Yovel I. Mood symptoms predict COVID-19 pandemic distress but not vice versa: An 18-month longitudinal study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273945. [PMID: 36054108 PMCID: PMC9439223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had medical, economic and behavioral implications on a global scale, with research emerging to indicate that it negatively impacted the population's mental health as well. The current study utilizes longitudinal data to assess whether the pandemic led to an increase in depression and anxiety across participants or whether a diathesis-stress model would be more appropriate. An international group of 218 participants completed measures of depression, anxiety, rumination and distress intolerance at two baselines six months apart as well as during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic exactly 12 months later. Contrary to expectations, depression, rumination, and distress intolerance were at equivalent levels during the pandemic as they were at baseline. Anxiety was reduced by a trivial degree (d = .10). Furthermore, a comparison of quantitative explanatory models indicated that symptom severity and pandemic-related environmental stressors predicted pandemic-related distress. Pandemic-related distress did not predict symptom severity. These findings underscore the necessity of longitudinal designs and diathesis-stress models in the study of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. They also emphasize that individuals with higher rates of baseline psychopathology are as particularly at risk for higher levels of distress in response to disaster-related stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iftah Yovel
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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149
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The prevalence of insomnia in different COVID-19 policy phases: Longitudinal evidence from ITA.LI - Italian Lives. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1657. [PMID: 36050669 PMCID: PMC9434520 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated changes in the prevalence of insomnia in Italy during COVID-19, starting from the first lockdown period (8 March 2020). We hypothesized that lockdown precipitated increased prevalence of insomnia symptoms relative to the pre-pandemic period; b) the gradual relaxation of containment measures - post-lockdown period (Phase 2 and Phase 3) - reduced insomnia severity, leading to a relative recovery of pre-pandemic levels; and c) we tested age-related heterogeneity in sleep responses, with an expected higher increase in insomnia in younger and middle-age groups. METHODS Analyses drew on a subsample (N = 883) of respondents to ITA.LI - Italian Lives, a recently established panel study on a probability sample of individuals aged 16 + living in Italy. To estimate patterns of change in insomnia, we first fitted a random-effects ordered logistic model on the whole sample. We then added an interaction term between policy phases and the respondent age to test whether the relationship between insomnia and policy phases differed across age groups. Analyses accounted for survey non-response weights. RESULTS The fraction of respondents reporting moderate ("somewhat" + 0.159, S.E. 0.017) or severe ("very much" + 0.142, S.E. 0.030) sleep disturbances significantly increased during Phase 1. The prevalence of insomnia followed an inverted U-shaped curve across policy phases, with further increases from baseline levels ("somewhat" + 0.168, S.E. 0.015; "very much" + 0.187, S.E. 0.030) during Phase 2, followed by a relative reduction in Phase 3, although it remained significantly higher than in the pre-pandemic period ("somewhat", + 0.084, S.E. 0.016; "very much", + 0.045, S.E. 0.010). There were significant age-related differences in insomnia patterns, as the discrete change from pre-pandemic levels in the probability of not suffering from insomnia was negative and significant for the younger age group (- 0.269, S.E. 0.060) and for respondents aged 35-54 (- 0.163, S.E. 0.039). CONCLUSION There is reason to believe that the emergency policy response to the COVID-19 crisis may have had unintended and possibly scarring effects in terms of increased prevalence of insomnia. The hardest hit were young adults and, to a lesser extent, the middle-aged; however, older respondents (55 +) remained resilient, and their insomnia trajectory bounced back to pre-pandemic levels.
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150
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Kang J, Kim J, Kim T, Song H, Han J. Experiencing Stress During COVID-19: A Computational Analysis of Stressors and Emotional Responses to Stress. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2022; 25:561-570. [PMID: 36108282 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to unveil how COVID-19 affected the experience of stress by focusing on the stressors. Using computational analysis based on a newly developed stressor identification model, we compared the experience of stress expressed by Korean Twitter users before and during the pandemic in terms of (1) the stressors as the source of stress and (2) emotion as the manifestation of stress. Both tweet-level (N = 202,556) and user-level (N = 24,803) analyses revealed that social factors are prevalent sources of stress both before and during the pandemic. Moreover, social stressors increased the most during the pandemic. While stress from social stressors was manifested mainly as sadness before the pandemic, anger became the predominant emotional manifestation during the pandemic. Public health policies and educators should consider social stressors as the predominant source of stress during the pandemic and seek ways to prepare the public better for such threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Kang
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Human-AI Interaction, and Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taenyun Kim
- Department of Interaction Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayeon Song
- Department of Human-AI Interaction, and Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Han
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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