101
|
Seoane-Collazo P, Martínez-Sánchez N, Milbank E, Contreras C. Incendiary Leptin. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020472. [PMID: 32069871 PMCID: PMC7071158 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone released by adipose tissue that plays a key role in the control of energy homeostasis through its binding to leptin receptors (LepR), mainly expressed in the hypothalamus. Most scientific evidence points to leptin’s satiating effect being due to its dual capacity to promote the expression of anorexigenic neuropeptides and to reduce orexigenic expression in the hypothalamus. However, it has also been demonstrated that leptin can stimulate (i) thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and (ii) the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Since the demonstration of the importance of BAT in humans 10 years ago, its study has aroused great interest, mainly in the improvement of obesity-associated metabolic disorders through the induction of thermogenesis. Consequently, several strategies targeting BAT activation (mainly in rodent models) have demonstrated great potential to improve hyperlipidemias, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and weight gain, leading to an overall healthier metabolic profile. Here, we review the potential therapeutic ability of leptin to correct obesity and other metabolic disorders, not only through its satiating effect, but by also utilizing its thermogenic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Seoane-Collazo
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.S.-C.); (N.M.-S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +81-298-533-301 (P.S.-C.); +34-913-941-650 (N.M.-S.); +44-01865285890 (C.C.)
| | - Noelia Martínez-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- Correspondence: (P.S.-C.); (N.M.-S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +81-298-533-301 (P.S.-C.); +34-913-941-650 (N.M.-S.); +44-01865285890 (C.C.)
| | - Edward Milbank
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Contreras
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.S.-C.); (N.M.-S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +81-298-533-301 (P.S.-C.); +34-913-941-650 (N.M.-S.); +44-01865285890 (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Wu M, Junker D, Branca RT, Karampinos DC. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques for Brown Adipose Tissue Detection. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:421. [PMID: 32849257 PMCID: PMC7426399 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) methods can non-invasively assess brown adipose tissue (BAT) structure and function. Recently, MRI and MRS have been proposed as a means to differentiate BAT from white adipose tissue (WAT) and to extract morphological and functional information on BAT inaccessible by other means. Specifically, proton MR (1H) techniques, such as proton density fat fraction mapping, diffusion imaging, and intermolecular multiple quantum coherence imaging, have been employed to access BAT microstructure; MR thermometry, relaxometry, and MRI and MRS with 31P, 2H, 13C, and 129Xe have shown to provide complementary information on BAT function. The purpose of the present review is to provide a comprehensive overview of MR imaging and spectroscopy techniques used to detect BAT in rodents and in humans. The present work discusses common challenges of current methods and provides an outlook on possible future directions of using MRI and MRS in BAT studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mingming Wu
| | - Daniela Junker
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rosa Tamara Branca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Dimitrios C. Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by a state of chronic inflammation in adipose tissue mediated by the secretion of a range of inflammatory cytokines. In comparison to WAT, relatively little is known about the inflammatory status of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in physiology and pathophysiology. Because BAT and brown/beige adipocytes are specialized in energy expenditure they have protective roles against obesity and associated metabolic diseases. BAT appears to be is less susceptible to developing inflammation than WAT. However, there is increasing evidence that inflammation directly alters the thermogenic activity of brown fat by impairing its capacity for energy expenditure and glucose uptake. The inflammatory microenvironment can be affected by cytokines secreted by immune cells as well as by the brown adipocytes themselves. Therefore, pro-inflammatory signals represent an important component of the thermogenic potential of brown and beige adipocytes and may contribute their dysfunction in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah Omran
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Christian
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Mark Christian
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Saito M, Matsushita M, Yoneshiro T, Okamatsu-Ogura Y. Brown Adipose Tissue, Diet-Induced Thermogenesis, and Thermogenic Food Ingredients: From Mice to Men. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:222. [PMID: 32373072 PMCID: PMC7186310 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the recent rediscovery of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans, this thermogenic tissue has been attracting increasing interest. The inverse relationship between BAT activity and body fatness suggests that BAT, because of its energy dissipating activity, is protective against body fat accumulation. Cold exposure activates and recruits BAT, resulting in increased energy expenditure and decreased body fatness. The stimulatory effects of cold exposure are mediated through transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Most TRP members also function as chemesthetic receptors for various food ingredients, and indeed, agonists of TRP vanilloid 1 such as capsaicin and its analog capsinoids mimic the effects of cold exposure to decrease body fatness through the activation and recruitment of BAT. The antiobesity effect of other food ingredients including tea catechins may be attributable, at least in part, to the activation of the TRP-SNS-BAT axis. BAT is also involved in the facultative thermogenesis induced by meal intake, referred to as diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT), which is a significant component of the total energy expenditure in our daily lives. Emerging evidence suggests a crucial role for the SNS in BAT-associated DIT, particularly during the early phase, but several gut-derived humoral factors may also participate in meal-induced BAT activation. One intriguing factor is bile acids, which activate BAT directly through Takeda G-protein receptor 5 (TGR5) in brown adipocytes. Given the apparent beneficial effects of some TRP agonists and bile acids on whole-body substrate and energy metabolism, the TRP/TGR5-BAT axis represents a promising target for combating obesity and related metabolic disorders in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Saito
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masayuki Saito
| | | | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
105
|
Hamaoka T, Nirengi S, Fuse S, Amagasa S, Kime R, Kuroiwa M, Endo T, Sakane N, Matsushita M, Saito M, Yoneshiro T, Kurosawa Y. Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy for Assessing Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans: A Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:261. [PMID: 32508746 PMCID: PMC7249345 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) mediates adaptive thermogenesis upon food intake and cold exposure, thus potentially contributing to the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT) (18FDG-PET/CT) is a standard method for assessing BAT activity and volume in humans. 18FDG-PET/CT has several limitations, including high device cost and ionizing radiation and acute cold exposure necessary to maximally stimulate BAT activity. In contrast, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used for measuring changes in O2-dependent light absorption in the tissue in a non-invasive manner, without using radiation. Among NIRS, time-resolved NIRS (NIRTRS) can quantify the concentrations of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin ([oxy-Hb] and [deoxy-Hb], respectively) by emitting ultrashort (100 ps) light pulses and counts photons, which are scattered and absorbed in the tissue. The basis for assessing BAT density (BAT-d) using NIRTRS is that the vascular density in the supraclavicular region, as estimated using Hb concentration, is higher in BAT than in white adipose tissue. In contrast, relatively low-cost continuous wavelength NIRS (NIRCWS) is employed for measuring relative changes in oxygenation in tissues. In this review, we provide evidence for the validity of NIRTRS and NIRCWS in estimating human BAT characteristics. The indicators (IndNIRS) examined were [oxy-Hb]sup, [deoxy-Hb]sup, total hemoglobin [total-Hb]sup, Hb O2 saturation (StO2sup), and reduced scattering coefficient ( μs sup' ) in the supraclavicular region, as determined by NIRTRS, and relative changes in corresponding parameters, as determined by NIRCWS. The evidence comprises the relationships between the IndNIRS investigated and those determined by 18FDG-PET/CT; the correlation between the IndNIRS and cold-induced thermogenesis; the relationship of the IndNIRS to parameters measured by 18FDG-PET/CT, which responded to seasonal temperature fluctuations; the relationship of the IndNIRS and plasma lipid metabolites; the analogy of the IndNIRS to chronological and anthropometric data; and changes in the IndNIRS following thermogenic food supplementation. The [total-Hb]sup and [oxy-Hb]sup determined by NIRTRS, but not parameters determined by NIRCWS, exhibited significant correlations with cold-induced thermogenesis parameters and plasma androgens in men in winter or analogies to 18FDG-PET. We conclude that NIRTRS can provide useful information for assessing BAT-d in a simple, rapid, non-invasive way, although further validation study is still needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Hamaoka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takafumi Hamaoka
| | - Shinsuke Nirengi
- Division of Preventive Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto, Japan
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sayuri Fuse
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Amagasa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Kime
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kuroiwa
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tasuki Endo
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakane
- Division of Preventive Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Saito
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yuko Kurosawa
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Pan R, Zhu X, Maretich P, Chen Y. Combating Obesity With Thermogenic Fat: Current Challenges and Advancements. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:185. [PMID: 32351446 PMCID: PMC7174745 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown fat and beige fat are known as thermogenic fat due to their contribution to non-shivering thermogenesis in mammals following cold stimulation. Beige fat is unique due to its origin and its development in white fat. Subsequently, both brown fat and beige fat have become viable targets to combat obesity. Over the last few decades, most therapeutic strategies have been focused on the canonical pathway of thermogenic fat activation via the β3-adrenergic receptor (AR). Notwithstanding, administering β3-AR agonists often leads to side effects including hypertension and particularly cardiovascular disease. It is thus imperative to search for alternative therapeutic approaches to combat obesity. In this review, we discuss the current challenges in the field with respect to stimulating brown/beige fat thermogenesis. Additionally, we include a summary of other newly discovered pathways, including non-AR signaling- and non-UCP1-dependent mechanisms, which could be potential targets for the treatment of obesity and its related metabolic diseases.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, Beige/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, Beige/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Beige/physiology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/physiology
- Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Anti-Obesity Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/therapy
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Thermogenesis/drug effects
- Thermogenesis/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruping Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pema Maretich
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Chen
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Pan R, Zhu X, Maretich P, Chen Y. Metabolic Improvement via Enhancing Thermogenic Fat-Mediated Non-shivering Thermogenesis: From Rodents to Humans. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:633. [PMID: 33013706 PMCID: PMC7511774 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown and beige adipose tissues play a large role in non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) in mammals, and subsequently have been studied for decades as potential therapeutic targets to treat obesity and its related metabolic diseases. However, the mechanistic regulation of brown/beige adipose tissue induction and maintenance in humans is very limited due to the ethical reasons. In fact, metabolic signaling has primarily been investigated using rodent models. A better understanding of non-shivering thermogenesis in humans is thus vital and urgent in order to treat obesity by targeting human brown adipose tissue (BAT). In this review, we summarize the anatomical and physiological differences between rodent and human BAT, current useful and mostly non-invasive methods in studying human BAT, as well as recent advancements targeting thermogenic adipocytes as a means to combat metabolic diseases in humans. Furthermore, we also discuss several novel relevant strategies of therapeutic interventions, which has been attempted in rodent experiments, and possible future investigations in humans in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruping Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pema Maretich
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Chen
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Abstract
Understanding the mammalian energy balance can pave the way for future therapeutics that enhance energy expenditure as an anti-obesity and anti-diabetic strategy. Several studies showed that brown adipose tissue activity increases daily energy expenditure. However, the size and activity of brown adipose tissue is reduced in individuals with obesity and type two diabetes. Humans have an abundance of functionally similar beige adipocytes that have the potential to contribute to increased energy expenditure. This makes beige adipocytes a promising target for metabolic disease therapies. While brown adipocytes tend to be stable, beige adipocytes have a high level of plasticity that allows for the rapid and dynamic induction of thermogenesis by external stimuli such as low environmental temperatures. This means that after browning stimuli have been withdrawn beige adipocytes quickly transition back to their white adipose state. The detailed molecular mechanisms regulating beige adipocytes development, function, and reversibility are not fully understood. The goal of this review is to give a comprehensive overview of beige fat development and origins, along with the transcriptional and epigenetic programs that lead to beige fat formation, and subsequent thermogenesis in humans. An improved understanding of the molecular pathways of beige adipocyte plasticity will enable us to selectively manipulate beige cells to induce and maintain their thermogenic output thus improving the whole-body energy homeostasis.
Collapse
|
109
|
Symonds ME, Farhat G, Aldiss P, Pope M, Budge H. Brown adipose tissue and glucose homeostasis - the link between climate change and the global rise in obesity and diabetes. Adipocyte 2019; 8:46-50. [PMID: 30463471 PMCID: PMC6768202 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2018.1551689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the global rise in temperature is contributing to the onset of diabetes, which could be mediated by a concomitant reduction in brown fat activity. Brown (and beige) fat are characterised as possessing a unique mitochondrial protein uncoupling protein (UCP)1 that when activated can rapidly generate large amounts of heat. Primary environmental stimuli of UCP1 include cold-exposure and diet, leading to increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and large amounts of lipid and glucose being oxidised by brown fat. The exact contribution remains controversial, although recent studies indicate that the amount of brown and beige fat in adult humans has been greatly underestimated. We therefore review the potential mechanisms by which glucose could be utilised within brown and beige fat in adult humans and the extent to which these are sensitive to temperature and diet. This includes the potential contribution from the peridroplet and cytoplasmic mitochondrial sub-fractions recently identified in brown fat, and whether a proportion of glucose oxidation could be UCP1-independent. It is thus predicted that as new methods are developed to assess glucose metabolism by brown fat, a more accurate determination of the thermogenic and non-thermogenic functions could be feasible in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Symonds
- Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Grace Farhat
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park, Liverpool, UK
| | - Peter Aldiss
- Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark Pope
- Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Helen Budge
- Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Fukuda A, Honda S, Fujioka N, Sekiguchi Y, Mizuno S, Miwa Y, Sugiyama F, Hayashi Y, Nishimura K, Hisatake K. Non-invasive in vivo imaging of UCP1 expression in live mice via near-infrared fluorescent protein iRFP720. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225213. [PMID: 31730675 PMCID: PMC6857924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a mitochondrial protein that is expressed in both brown and beige adipocytes. UCP1 uncouples the mitochondrial electron transport chain from ATP synthesis to produce heat via non-shivering thermogenesis. Due to their ability to dissipate energy as heat and ameliorate metabolic disorders, UCP1-expressing adipocytes are considered as a potential target for anti-obesity treatment. To monitor the expression of UCP1 in live mice in a non-invasive manner, we generated the Ucp1-iRFP720 knock-in (Ucp1-iRFP720 KI) mice, in which the gene encoding a near-infrared fluorescent protein iRFP720 is inserted into the Ucp1 gene locus. Using the heterozygous Ucp1-iRFP720 KI mice, we observed robust iRFP fluorescence in the interscapular region where brown adipose tissue is located. Moreover, the iRFP fluorescence was clearly observable in inguinal white adipose tissues in live mice administered with β3-adrenergic receptor agonist CL316,243. We also found that the homozygous Ucp1-iRFP720 KI mice, which are deficient in UCP1, displayed prominent iRFP fluorescence in the inguinal regions at the standard housing temperature. Consistent with this, the mice exhibited expanded populations of beige-like adipocytes in inguinal white adipose tissue, in which the Ucp1 promoter was dramatically activated. Thus, the Ucp1-iRFP720 KI mice provide a convenient model for non-invasive in vivo imaging of UCP1 expression in both brown and beige adipocytes in live mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Fukuda
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shiho Honda
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Norie Fujioka
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuya Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory of Animal Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miwa
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Animal Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yohei Hayashi
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ken Nishimura
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koji Hisatake
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Pereira RO, McFarlane SI. The Role of Brown Adipose Tissue in Cardiovascular Disease Protection: Current Evidence and Future Directions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 4. [PMID: 31650091 PMCID: PMC6812533 DOI: 10.15344/2456-8007/2019/136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata O Pereira
- Department of Internal Medicine - Endocrinology and Metabolism, FOE Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Samy I McFarlane
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NYC 11203, USA
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Matsushita M, Bariuan JV, Nagaya K, Tsubota A, Saito M. Association of circulating exosomal miR-122 levels with BAT activity in healthy humans. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13243. [PMID: 31519959 PMCID: PMC6744505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in body fat accumulation and the regulation of energy expenditure. Since the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of obesity and related metabolic diseases is contentious, we analyzed exosomal miRNAs in serum of healthy subjects with special references to BAT activity and body fat level. Forty male volunteers aged 20–30 years were recruited. Their BAT activity was assessed by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography after 2 h of cold exposure and expressed as a maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax). Exosomal miRNA levels was analyzed using microarray and real-time PCR analyses. The miR-122-5p level in the high BAT activity group (SUV ≧ 3) was 53% lower than in the low BAT activity group (SUVmax <3). Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that the serum miR-122-5p level correlated negatively with BAT activity and the serum HDL-cholesterol, and it correlated positively with age, BMI, body fat mass, and total cholesterol and triglyceride serum levels. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that BAT activity was associated with the serum miR-122-5p level independently of the other parameters. These results reveal the serum exosomal miR-122-5p level is negatively associated with BAT activity independently of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Mami Matsushita
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing and Nutrition, Tenshi College, Sapporo, 065-0013, Japan
| | - Jussiaea Valente Bariuan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagaya
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tsubota
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saito
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Winn NC, Acin-Perez R, Woodford ML, Hansen SA, Haney MM, Ayedun LA, Rector RS, Vieira-Potter VJ, Shirihai OS, Sacks HS, Kanaley JA, Padilla J. A Thermogenic-Like Brown Adipose Tissue Phenotype Is Dispensable for Enhanced Glucose Tolerance in Female Mice. Diabetes 2019; 68:1717-1729. [PMID: 30862679 PMCID: PMC6702635 DOI: 10.2337/db18-1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prevailing dogma is that thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) contributes to improvements in glucose homeostasis in obesogenic animal models, though much of the evidence supporting this premise is from thermostressed rodents. Determination of whether modulation of the BAT morphology/function drives changes in glucoregulation at thermoneutrality requires further investigation. We used loss- and gain-of-function approaches including genetic manipulation of the lipolytic enzyme Pnpla2, change in environmental temperature, and lifestyle interventions to comprehensively test the premise that a thermogenic-like BAT phenotype is coupled with enhanced glucose tolerance in female mice. In contrast to this hypothesis, we found that 1) compared to mice living at thermoneutrality, enhanced activation of BAT and its thermogenic phenotype via chronic mild cold stress does not improve glucose tolerance in obese mice, 2) silencing of the Pnpla2 in interscapular BAT causes a brown-to-white phenotypic shift accompanied with inflammation but does not disrupt glucose tolerance in lean mice, and 3) exercise and low-fat diet improve glucose tolerance in obese mice but these effects do not track with a thermogenic BAT phenotype. Collectively, these findings indicate that a thermogenic-like BAT phenotype is not linked to heightened glucose tolerance in female mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Winn
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Rebeca Acin-Perez
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Sarah A Hansen
- Office of Animal Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Megan M Haney
- Office of Animal Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Lolade A Ayedun
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - R Scott Rector
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO
| | | | - Orian S Shirihai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Harold S Sacks
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jill A Kanaley
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Tajima K, Ikeda K, Chang HY, Chang CH, Yoneshiro T, Oguri Y, Jun H, Wu J, Ishihama Y, Kajimura S. Mitochondrial lipoylation integrates age-associated decline in brown fat thermogenesis. Nat Metab 2019; 1:886-898. [PMID: 32313871 PMCID: PMC7169975 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0106-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) declines with age; however, what regulates this process remains poorly understood. Here, we identify mitochondria lipoylation as a previously unappreciated molecular hallmark of aged BAT in mice. Using mitochondrial proteomics, we show that mitochondrial lipoylation is disproportionally reduced in aged BAT through a post-transcriptional decrease in the iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster formation pathway. A defect in the Fe-S cluster formation by the fat-specific deletion of Bola3 significantly reduces mitochondrial lipoylation and fuel oxidation in BAT, leading to glucose intolerance and obesity. In turn, enhanced mitochondrial lipoylation by α-lipoic acid supplementation effectively restores BAT function in old mice, thereby preventing age-associated obesity and glucose intolerance. The effect of α-lipoic acids requires mitochondrial lipoylation via the Bola3 pathway and does not depend on the anti-oxidant activity of α-lipoic acid. These results open up the possibility to alleviate the age-associated decline in energy expenditure by enhancing the mitochondrial lipoylation pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Tajima
- University of California, San Francisco Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kenji Ikeda
- University of California, San Francisco Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Endocrionology and Metabolism, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- University of California, San Francisco Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yasuo Oguri
- University of California, San Francisco Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heejin Jun
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yasushi Ishihama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- University of California, San Francisco Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Gaudry MJ, Keuper M, Jastroch M. Molecular evolution of thermogenic uncoupling protein 1 and implications for medical intervention of human disease. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 68:6-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
116
|
Tews D, Pula T, Funcke JB, Jastroch M, Keuper M, Debatin KM, Wabitsch M, Fischer-Posovszky P. Elevated UCP1 levels are sufficient to improve glucose uptake in human white adipocytes. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101286. [PMID: 31382214 PMCID: PMC6692062 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been considered beneficial for metabolic health by participating in the regulation of glucose homoeostasis. The browning factors that improve glucose uptake beyond normal levels are still unknown but glucose uptake is not affected in UCP1 knockout mice. Here, we demonstrate in human white adipocytes that basal/resting glucose uptake is improved by solely elevating UCP1 protein levels. Generating human white Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes with a stable knockout and overexpression of UCP1, we discovered that UCP1 overexpressing adipocytes significantly improve glucose uptake by 40%. Mechanistically, this is caused by higher glycolytic flux, seen as increased oxygen consumption, extracellular acidification and lactate secretion rates. The improvements in glucose handling are comparable to white-to-brown transitions, as judged by, for the first time, directly comparing in vitro differentiated mouse brown vs white adipocytes. Although no adipogenic, metabolic and mitochondrial gene expressions were significantly altered in SGBS cells, pharmacological inhibition of GLUT1 completely abrogated differences between UCP1+ and control cells, thereby uncovering GLUT1-mediated uptake as permissive gatekeeper. Collectively, our data demonstrate that elevating UCP1 levels is sufficient to improve human white adipocytes as a glucose sink without adverse cellular effects, thus not requiring the adrenergic controlled, complex network of browning which usually hampers translational efforts. Basal glucose uptake in human adipocytes is improved by solely elevating UCP1 levels. Adipogenic, metabolic and mitochondrial gene expressions were not affected by UCP1 overexpression. UCP1-driven increase in glucose uptake is mediated by GLUT1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
| | - T Pula
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - J B Funcke
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Jastroch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Keuper
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K M Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - P Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Contribution of brown adipose tissue to human energy metabolism. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 68:82-89. [PMID: 31306668 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present "obesogenic' environment has favored excessive energy intake resulting in the current obesity epidemic and its associated diseases. The epidemic has incentivized scientists to develop novel behavioral and pharmacological strategies that enhance energy expenditure to compensate for excessive energy intake. Although physical activity is effective to increase total energy expenditure, it is insufficient to induce negative energy balance and weight loss. With the discovery of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans, BAT activation soon emerged as a potential strategy for elevating energy expenditure. BAT is the only tissue that expresses uncoupling protein 1, conferring on this tissue high thermogenic capacity due to a low efficiency for mitochondrial ATP generation. Potential manipulation of BAT mass and activity has fueled the interest in altering whole-body energy balance through increased energy expenditure. Remarkable advances have been made in quantifying the amount and activity of BAT in humans. Many studies have concluded that the amount of active BAT appears insufficient to induce meaningful increases in energy expenditure. Thus, the majority of studies report that BAT activation does not influence body weight and metabolic control in humans. Strategies to increase BAT mass and/or to potentiate BAT activity seem necessary.
Collapse
|
118
|
Klepac K, Georgiadi A, Tschöp M, Herzig S. The role of brown and beige adipose tissue in glycaemic control. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 68:90-100. [PMID: 31283940 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For the past decade, brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been extensively studied as a potential therapy for obesity and metabolic diseases due to its thermogenic and glucose-consuming properties. It is now clear that the function of BAT goes beyond heat production, as it also plays an important endocrine role by secreting the so-called batokines to communicate with other metabolic tissues and regulate systemic energy homeostasis. However, despite numerous studies showing the benefits of BAT in rodents, it is still not clear whether recruitment of BAT can be utilized to treat human patients. Here, we review the advances on understanding the role of BAT in metabolism and its benefits on glucose and lipid homeostasis in both humans and rodents. Moreover, we discuss the latest methodological approaches to assess the contribution of BAT to human metabolism as well as the possibility to target BAT, pharmacologically or by lifestyle adaptations, to treat metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Klepac
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Georgiadi
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Tschöp
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany; Chair Molecular Metabolic Control, Technical University Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. Strategies to Counter Weight Loss-Induced Reductions in Metabolic Rate. Curr Sports Med Rep 2019; 18:258-265. [DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
120
|
Wu L, Xia M, Duan Y, Zhang L, Jiang H, Hu X, Yan H, Zhang Y, Gu Y, Shi H, Li J, Gao X, Li J. Berberine promotes the recruitment and activation of brown adipose tissue in mice and humans. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:468. [PMID: 31197160 PMCID: PMC6565685 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates metabolic energy and mediates non-shivering thermogenesis, thereby boosting energy expenditure. Increasing BAT mass and activity is expected to be a promising strategy for combating obesity; however, few medications effectively and safely recruit and activate BAT in humans. Berberine (BBR), a natural compound, is commonly used as a nonprescription drug to treat diarrhea. Here, we reported that 1-month BBR intervention increased BAT mass and activity, reduced body weight, and improved insulin sensitivity in mildly overweight patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Chronic BBR treatment promoted BAT development by stimulating the expression of brown adipogenic genes, enhanced BAT thermogenesis, and global energy expenditure in diet-induced obese mice and chow-fed lean mice, Consistently, BBR facilitated brown adipocyte differentiation in both mouse and human primary brown preadipocytes. We further found that BBR increased the transcription of PRDM16, a master regulator of brown/beige adipogenesis, by inducing the active DNA demethylation of PRDM16 promoter, which might be driven by the activation of AMPK and production of its downstream tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate α-Ketoglutarate. Moreover, chronic BBR administration had no impact on the BAT thermogenesis in adipose-specific AMPKa1 and AMPKa2 knockout mice. In summary, we found that BBR intervention promoted recruitment and activation of BAT and AMPK-PRDM16 axis was indispensable for the pro-BAT and pro-energy expenditure properties of BBR. Our findings suggest that BBR may be a promising drug for obesity and related metabolic disorders in humans partially through activating BAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mingfeng Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yushen Gu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hongcheng Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Jingya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Levy SB. Field and laboratory methods for quantifying brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 31:e23261. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B. Levy
- Department of Anthropology CUNY Hunter College New York, New York
- Department of Anthropology Yale University New Haven Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Abstract
In the midst of an obesity epidemic, the promotion of brown adipose tissue (BAT) function and the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) have emerged as promising therapeutic targets to increase energy expenditure and counteract weight gain. Despite the fact that the thermogenic potential of bone fide BAT in rodents is several orders of magnitudes higher than white fat containing brite/beige adipocytes, WAT browning represents a particularly intriguing concept in humans given the extreme amount of excess WAT in obese individuals. In addition, the clear distinction between classic brown and beige fat that has been proposed in mice does not exist in humans. In fact, studies of human BAT biopsies found controversial results suggesting both classic brown and beige characteristics. Irrespective of the true ‘color’, accumulating evidence suggests the induction of thermogenic adipocytes in human WAT depots in response to specific stimuli, highlighting that WAT browning may occur in both, mice and humans. These observations also emphasize the great plasticity of human fat depots and raise important questions about the metabolic properties of thermogenically active adipose tissue in humans and the potential therapeutic implications. We will first review the cellular and molecular aspects of selected adipose tissue browning concepts that have been identified in mouse models with emphasis on neuronal factors, the microbiome, immune cells and several hormones. We will also summarize the evidence for adipose tissue browning in humans including some experimental pharmacologic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten T Herz
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian W Kiefer
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Nirengi S, Fuse S, Amagasa S, Homma T, Kime R, Kuroiwa M, Endo T, Sakane N, Matsushita M, Saito M, Kurosawa Y, Hamaoka T. Applicability of Supraclavicular Oxygenated and Total Hemoglobin Evaluated by Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy as Indicators of Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092214. [PMID: 31064052 PMCID: PMC6539985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) may potentially be used in strategies for preventing lifestyle-related diseases. We examine evidence that near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIRTRS) is capable of estimating human BAT density (BAT-d). The parameters examined in this study are total hemoglobin [total-Hb]sup, oxygenated Hb [oxy-Hb]sup, deoxygenated Hb [deoxy-Hb]sup, Hb O2 saturation (StO2sup), and the reduced scattering coefficient in the supraclavicular region (μs’sup), where BAT deposits can be located; corresponding parameters in the control deltoid region are obtained as controls. Among the NIRTRS parameters, [total-Hb]sup and [oxy-Hb]sup show region-specific increases in winter, compared to summer. Further, [total-Hb]sup and [oxy-Hb]sup are correlated with cold-induced thermogenesis in the supraclavicular region. We conclude that NIRTRS-determined [total-Hb]sup and [oxy-Hb]sup are useful parameters for evaluating BAT-d in a simple, rapid, non-invasive manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Nirengi
- Division of Preventive Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan.
| | - Sayuri Fuse
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Shiho Amagasa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Homma
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Daito Bunka University, Higashimatsuyama-shi, Saitama 355-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryotaro Kime
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Kuroiwa
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Tasuki Endo
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Naoki Sakane
- Division of Preventive Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan.
| | - Mami Matsushita
- Department of Nutrition, Tenshi College, Sapporo 065-0013, Japan.
| | | | - Yuko Kurosawa
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Hamaoka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Valdés S, Doulatram-Gamgaram V, Lago A, García Torres F, Badía-Guillén R, Olveira G, Goday A, Calle-Pascual A, Castaño L, Castell C, Delgado E, Menendez E, Franch-Nadal J, Gaztambide S, Girbés J, Gomis R, Ortega E, Galán-García JL, Aguilera-Venegas G, Soriguer F, Rojo-Martínez G. Ambient temperature and prevalence of diabetes and insulin resistance in the Spanish population: Di@bet.es study. Eur J Endocrinol 2019; 180:273-280. [PMID: 30840583 DOI: 10.1530/eje-18-0818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective The activity of brown adipose tissue is sensitive to changes in ambient temperature. A lower exposure to cold could result in an increased risk of developing diabetes at population level, although this factor has not yet been sufficiently studied. Design We studied 5072 subjects, participants in a national, cross-sectional population-based study representative of the Spanish adult population (Di@bet.es study). All subjects underwent a clinical, demographic and lifestyle survey, a physical examination and blood sampling (75 g oral glucose tolerance test). Insulin resistance was estimated with the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). The mean annual temperature (°C) in each individual municipality was collected from the Spanish National Meteorology Agency. Results Linear regression analysis showed a significant positive association between mean annual temperature and fasting plasma glucose (β: 0.087, P < 0.001), 2 h plasma glucose (β: 0.049, P = 0.008) and HOMA-IR (β: 0.046, P = 0.008) in multivariate adjusted models. Logistic regression analyses controlled by multiple socio-demographic variables, lifestyle, adiposity (BMI) and geographical elevation showed increasing odds ratios for prediabetes (WHO 1999), ORs 1, 1.26 (0.95-1.66), 1.08 (0.81-1.44) and 1.37 (1.01-1.85) P for trend = 0.086, diabetes (WHO 1999) ORs 1, 1.05 (0.79-1.39), 1.20 (0.91-1.59) and 1.39 (1.02-1.90) P = 0.037, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ≥75th percentile of the non-diabetic population): ORs 1, 1.03 (0.82-1.30), 1.22 (0.96-1.55), 1.26 (0.98-1.63) (P for trend = 0.046) as the mean annual temperature (into quartiles) rose. Conclusions Our study reports an association between ambient temperature and the prevalence of dysglycemia and insulin resistance in Spanish adults, consistent with the hypothesis that a lower exposure to cold could be associated with a higher risk of metabolic derangements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Valdés
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Viyey Doulatram-Gamgaram
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Lago
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rocío Badía-Guillén
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Gabriel Olveira
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Goday
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Calle-Pascual
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario S. Carlos de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Castaño
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Cruces, BioCruces Bizkaia, UPV/EHU, Barakaldo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Conxa Castell
- Department of Health, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elías Delgado
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias/University of Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Edelmiro Menendez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias/University of Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Josep Franch-Nadal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- EAP Raval Sud, Institut Català de la Salut, Red GEDAPS, Primary Care, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca (IDIAP - Fundació Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Gaztambide
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Cruces -BioCruces Bizkaia - UPV-EHU, Baracaldo, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Girbés
- Diabetes Unit, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Gomis
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ortega
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Federico Soriguer
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Rojo-Martínez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Andersson J, Roswall J, Kjellberg E, Ahlström H, Dahlgren J, Kullberg J. MRI estimates of brown adipose tissue in children – Associations to adiposity, osteocalcin, and thigh muscle volume. Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 58:135-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
126
|
Zhang H, Hao Y, Wei C, Yao B, Liu S, Zhou H, Huang D, Zhang C, Wu Y. Chinese medicine Jinlida granules improve high-fat-diet induced metabolic disorders via activation of brown adipose tissue in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108781. [PMID: 30903919 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis could contribute to energy expenditure, which is critical for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the present study, we aimed to systematically investigate whether traditional Chinese medication Jinlida (JLD) granules could improve metabolic disorders and activate BAT thermogenesis in C57BL/6 J mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS In the present study, JLD (3.8 g/kg) in 0.5% of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution was administrated daily by oral gavage to HFD-induced mice for 15 weeks. The body weight, biochemical analysis, histology analysis, intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance (OGTT and ITT) tests were measured to explore metabolic disorders. Cold tolerance test, real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and western blot were performed to evaluate BAT function. RESULTS As results, JLD treatment significantly ameliorated HFD-induced obesity and fat mass gain, maintained glucose and lipid homeostasis, and improved hepatic steatosis and inflammation. More importantly, we observed that JLD markedly activated BAT thermogenesis in HFD-induced obese mice. Moreover, our data confirmed that JLD promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation metabolism in BAT. CONCLUSIONS These data suggested that JLD could improve metabolic disorders in associated with activation of BAT thermogenesis via enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation metabolism, thus providing a new pharmacological evidence for the clinical usage of JLD in T2DM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China; Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Cong Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China; Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Diseases), Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Bing Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China; Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Diseases), Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Shen Liu
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Diseases), Shijiazhuang 050035, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Hongru Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China; Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Diseases), Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Dan Huang
- College of Basic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Chuanhai Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yiling Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China; Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Diseases), Shijiazhuang 050035, China.
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Senese R, Cioffi F, De Matteis R, Petito G, de Lange P, Silvestri E, Lombardi A, Moreno M, Goglia F, Lanni A. 3,5 Diiodo-l-Thyronine (T₂) Promotes the Browning of White Adipose Tissue in High-Fat Diet-Induced Overweight Male Rats Housed at Thermoneutrality. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030256. [PMID: 30889829 PMCID: PMC6468521 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of white adipose cells into beige adipose cells is known as browning, a process affecting energy metabolism. It has been shown that 3,5 diiodo-l-thyronine (T₂), an endogenous metabolite of thyroid hormones, stimulates energy expenditure and a reduction in fat mass. In light of the above, the purpose of this study was to test whether in an animal model of fat accumulation, T₂ has the potential to activate a browning process and to explore the underlying mechanism. Three groups of rats were used: (i) receiving a standard diet for 14 weeks; (ii) receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks; and (iii) receiving a high fat diet for 10 weeks and being subsequently treated for four weeks with an HFD together with the administration of T₂. We showed that T₂ was able to induce a browning in the white adipose tissue of T₂-treated rats. We also showed that some miRNA (miR133a and miR196a) and MAP kinase 6 were involved in this process. These results indicate that, among others, the browning may be another cellular/molecular mechanism by which T₂ exerts its beneficial effects of contrast to overweight and of reduction of fat mass in rats subjected to HFD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Senese
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Rita De Matteis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Urbino University, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Petito
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Pieter de Lange
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Elena Silvestri
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Assunta Lombardi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Moreno
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Osuna-Prieto FJ, Martinez-Tellez B, Sanchez-Delgado G, Aguilera CM, Lozano-Sánchez J, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A, Ruiz JR. Activation of Human Brown Adipose Tissue by Capsinoids, Catechins, Ephedrine, and Other Dietary Components: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:291-302. [PMID: 30624591 PMCID: PMC6416040 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) has attracted clinical interest not only because it dissipates energy but also for its potential capacity to counteract obesity and related metabolic disorders (e.g., insulin resistance and dyslipidemia). Cold exposure is the most powerful stimulus for activating and recruiting BAT, and this stimulatory effect is mediated by the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. BAT can also be activated by other receptors such as the G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1) or β-adrenergic receptors. Interestingly, these receptors also interact with several dietary components; in particular, capsinoids and tea catechins appear to mimic the effects of cold through a TRP-BAT axis, and they consequently seem to decrease body fat and improve metabolic blood parameters. This systematic review critically addresses the evidence behind the available human studies analyzing the effect of several dietary components (e.g., capsinoids, tea catechins, and ephedrine) on BAT activity. Even though the results of these studies are consistent with the outcomes of preclinical models, the lack of robust study designs makes it impossible to confirm the BAT-activation capacity of the specified dietary components. Further investigation into the effects of dietary components on BAT is warranted to clarify to what extent these components could serve as a powerful strategy to treat obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Departments of
- Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research and Development of Functional Food Center (CIDAF), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Departments of
- Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Departments of
| | - Concepción M Aguilera
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research and Development of Functional Food Center (CIDAF), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - David Arráez-Román
- Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research and Development of Functional Food Center (CIDAF), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research and Development of Functional Food Center (CIDAF), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Departments of
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Mousovich‐Neto F, Matos MS, Costa ACR, Melo Reis RA, Atella GC, Miranda‐Alves L, Carvalho DP, Ketzer LA, Corrêa da Costa VM. Brown adipose tissue remodelling induced by corticosterone in male Wistar rats. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:514-528. [DOI: 10.1113/ep087332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felippe Mousovich‐Neto
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Marina Souza Matos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Anna Carolina Rego Costa
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Melo Reis
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Georgia Correa Atella
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídeos e Lipoproteínas Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Leandro Miranda‐Alves
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Denise P. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Luisa Andrea Ketzer
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa UFRJ‐Xerém em Biologia Campus Duque de Caxias Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Vânia Maria Corrêa da Costa
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Peres Valgas da Silva C, Hernández-Saavedra D, White JD, Stanford KI. Cold and Exercise: Therapeutic Tools to Activate Brown Adipose Tissue and Combat Obesity. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8010009. [PMID: 30759802 PMCID: PMC6466122 DOI: 10.3390/biology8010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The rise in obesity over the last several decades has reached pandemic proportions. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ that is involved in energy expenditure and represents an attractive target to combat both obesity and type 2 diabetes. Cold exposure and exercise training are two stimuli that have been investigated with respect to BAT activation, metabolism, and the contribution of BAT to metabolic health. These two stimuli are of great interest because they have both disparate and converging effects on BAT activation and metabolism. Cold exposure is an effective mechanism to stimulate BAT activity and increase glucose and lipid uptake through mitochondrial uncoupling, resulting in metabolic benefits including elevated energy expenditure and increased insulin sensitivity. Exercise is a therapeutic tool that has marked benefits on systemic metabolism and affects several tissues, including BAT. Compared to cold exposure, studies focused on BAT metabolism and exercise display conflicting results; the majority of studies in rodents and humans demonstrate a reduction in BAT activity and reduced glucose and lipid uptake and storage. In addition to investigations of energy uptake and utilization, recent studies have focused on the effects of cold exposure and exercise on the structural lipids in BAT and secreted factors released from BAT, termed batokines. Cold exposure and exercise induce opposite responses in terms of structural lipids, but an important overlap exists between the effects of cold and exercise on batokines. In this review, we will discuss the similarities and differences of cold exposure and exercise in relation to their effects on BAT activity and metabolism and its relevance for the prevention of obesity and the development of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmem Peres Valgas da Silva
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Diego Hernández-Saavedra
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Joseph D White
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Castillo A, Vilà M, Pedriza I, Pardo R, Cámara Y, Martín E, Beiroa D, Torres-Torronteras J, Oteo M, Morcillo MA, Martí R, Simó R, Nogueiras R, Villena JA. Adipocyte MTERF4 regulates non-shivering adaptive thermogenesis and sympathetic-dependent glucose homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1298-1312. [PMID: 30690068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In humans, low brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass and activity have been associated with increased adiposity and fasting glucose levels, suggesting that defective BAT-dependent thermogenesis could contribute to the development of obesity and/or type 2 diabetes. The thermogenic function of BAT relies on a vast network of mitochondria exclusively equipped with UCP1. Mitochondrial biogenesis is exquisitely regulated by a well-defined network of transcription factors that coordinate the expression of nuclear genes required for the formation of functional mitochondria. However, less is known about the mitochondrial factors that control the expression of the genes encoded by the mitochondrial genome. Here, we have studied the role of mitochondrial transcription termination factor-4 (MTERF4) in BAT by using a new mouse model devoid of MTERF4 specifically in adipocytes (MTERF4-FAT-KO mice). Lack of MTERF4 in BAT leads to reduced OxPhos mitochondrial protein levels and impaired assembly of OxPhos complexes I, III and IV due to deficient translation of mtDNA-encoded proteins. As a result, brown adipocytes lacking MTERF4 exhibit impaired respiratory capacity. MTERF4-FAT-KO mice show a blunted thermogenic response and are unable to maintain body temperature when exposed to cold. Despite impaired BAT function, MTERF4-FAT-KO mice do not develop obesity or insulin resistance. Still, MTERF4-FAT-KO mice became resistant to the insulin-sensitizing effects of β3-specific adrenergic receptor agonists. Our results demonstrate that MTERF4 regulates mitochondrial protein translation and is essential for proper BAT thermogenic activity. Our study also supports the notion that pharmacological activation of BAT is a plausible therapeutic target for the treatment of insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Castillo
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Vilà
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés Pedriza
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Pardo
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Cámara
- Group of Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERER, CIBER on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edgar Martín
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Beiroa
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBEROBN, CIBER on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Torres-Torronteras
- Group of Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERER, CIBER on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Oteo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Morcillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Martí
- Group of Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERER, CIBER on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- Group of Diabetes and Metabolism, Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERDEM, CIBER on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBEROBN, CIBER on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Josep A Villena
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERDEM, CIBER on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Franz D, Diefenbach MN, Treibel F, Weidlich D, Syväri J, Ruschke S, Wu M, Holzapfel C, Drabsch T, Baum T, Eggers H, Rummeny EJ, Hauner H, Karampinos DC. Differentiating supraclavicular from gluteal adipose tissue based on simultaneous PDFF and T 2 * mapping using a 20-echo gradient-echo acquisition. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 50:424-434. [PMID: 30684282 PMCID: PMC6767392 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose tissue (AT) can be classified into white and brown/beige subtypes. Chemical shift encoding‐based water–fat MRI‐techniques allowing simultaneous mapping of proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and T2* result in a lower PDFF and a shorter T2* in brown compared with white AT. However, AT T2* values vary widely in the literature and are primarily based on 6‐echo data. Increasing the number of echoes in a multiecho gradient‐echo acquisition is expected to increase the precision of AT T2* mapping. Purpose 1) To mitigate issues of current T2*‐measurement techniques through experimental design, and 2) to investigate gluteal and supraclavicular AT T2* and PDFF and their relationship using a 20‐echo gradient‐echo acquisition. Study Type Prospective. Subjects Twenty‐one healthy subjects. Field Strength/Sequence Assessment First, a ground truth signal evolution was simulated from a single‐T2* water–fat model. Second, a time‐interleaved 20‐echo gradient‐echo sequence with monopolar gradients of neck and abdomen/pelvis at 3 T was performed in vivo to determine supraclavicular and gluteal PDFF and T2*. Complex‐based water–fat separation was performed for the first 6 echoes and the full 20 echoes. AT depots were segmented. Statistical Tests Mann‐Whitney test, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and simple linear regression analysis. Results Both PDFF and T2* differed significantly between supraclavicular and gluteal AT with 6 and 20 echoes (PDFF: P < 0.0001 each, T2*: P = 0.03 / P < 0.0001 for 6/20 echoes). 6‐echo T2* demonstrated higher standard deviations and broader ranges than 20‐echo T2*. Regression analyses revealed a strong relationship between PDFF and T2* values per AT compartment (R2 = 0.63 supraclavicular, R2 = 0.86 gluteal, P < 0.0001 each). Data Conclusion The present findings suggest that an increase in the number of sampled echoes beyond 6 does not affect AT PDFF quantification, whereas AT T2* is considerably affected. Thus, a 20‐echo gradient‐echo acquisition enables a multiparametric analysis of both AT PDFF and T2* and may therefore improve MR‐based differentiation between white and brown fat. Level of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:424–434.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Franz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian N Diefenbach
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Treibel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Weidlich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Syväri
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Ruschke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Drabsch
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Baum
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ernst J Rummeny
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dimitrios C Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Zhang Y, Hu X, Hu S, Scotti A, Cai K, Wang J, Zhou X, Yang D, Figini M, Pan L, Shangguan J, Yang J, Zhang Z. Non-invasive Imaging Methods for Brown Adipose Tissue Detection and Function Evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 8. [PMID: 31080698 PMCID: PMC6508884 DOI: 10.4172/2165-8048.1000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) has a major role in thermoregulation, producing heat by non-shivering thermogenesis. Primarily found in animals and human infants, the presence of significant brown adipose tissue was identified only recently, and its metabolic role in adults was reconsidered. BAT is believed to have an important role in many metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, and also to be associated with cancer cachexia. Therefore, it is currently a topic of great interest in the research community, and many groups are investigating the mechanisms underlying BAT metabolism in normal and pathological conditions. However, well established non-invasive methods for assessing BAT distribution and function are still lacking. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of the art of these methods, with a particular focus on PET, CT and MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaofei Hu
- Department of Radiology, Third Military Medical University Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Su Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alessandro Scotti
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kejia Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Third Military Medical University Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Pingjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ding Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Matteo Figini
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Liang Pan
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junjie Shangguan
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Chondronikola M, Sidossis LS. Brown and beige fat: From molecules to physiology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:91-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
135
|
Activation of brown adipose tissue enhances the efficacy of caloric restriction for treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Transl Med 2019; 99:4-16. [PMID: 30258096 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease that can evolve into cirrhosis. Lifestyle modifications achieving 10% weight loss reverse NASH, but there are no effective approved drug treatments. We previously identified defective adaptive thermogenesis as a factor contributing to metabolic syndrome and hepatic steatosis. We have now tested whether increasing nonshivering thermogenesis can improve preexisting NASH in mice. In high-fat diet-fed foz/foz mice with established NASH, treatment with β3AR agonist restored brown adipose tissue (BAT) function, decreased body weight, improved glucose tolerance, and reduced hepatic lipid content compared to untreated counterparts, but had no impact on liver inflammation or on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS). Similarly, β3AR agonist did not alter liver pathology in other steatohepatitis models, including MCD diet-fed diabetic obese db/db mice. Caloric restriction alone alleviated the hepatic inflammatory signature in foz/foz mice. Addition of a β3AR agonist to mice subjected to caloric restriction enhanced weight loss and glucose tolerance, and improved liver steatosis, hepatocellular injury, and further reduced liver inflammation. These changes contributed to a significantly lower NAS score such as no (0/9) animals in this group fulfilled the criteria for NASH pathology compared to eight out of ten mice under caloric restriction alone. In conclusion, β3AR agonist counteracts features of the metabolic syndrome and alleviates steatosis, but does not reverse NASH. However, when coupled with weight loss therapy, BAT stimulation provides additional therapeutic advantages and reverses NASH.
Collapse
|
136
|
Xiang AS, Meikle PJ, Carey AL, Kingwell BA. Brown adipose tissue and lipid metabolism: New strategies for identification of activators and biomarkers with clinical potential. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 192:141-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
137
|
Nahon KJ, Doornink F, Straat ME, Botani K, Martinez-Tellez B, Abreu-Vieira G, van Klinken JB, Voortman GJ, Friesema ECH, Ruiz JR, van Velden FHP, de Geus-Oei LF, Smit F, Pereira Arias-Bouda LM, Berbée JFP, Jazet IM, Boon MR, Rensen PCN. Effect of sitagliptin on energy metabolism and brown adipose tissue in overweight individuals with prediabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Diabetologia 2018; 61:2386-2397. [PMID: 30145664 PMCID: PMC6182651 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4716-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sitagliptin on glucose tolerance, plasma lipids, energy expenditure and metabolism of brown adipose tissue (BAT), white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle in overweight individuals with prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glucose). METHODS We performed a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in 30 overweight, Europid men (age 45.9 ± 6.2 years; BMI 28.8 ± 2.3 kg/m2) with prediabetes in the Leiden University Medical Center and the Alrijne Hospital between March 2015 and September 2016. Participants were initially randomly allocated to receive sitagliptin (100 mg/day) (n = 15) or placebo (n = 15) for 12 weeks, using a randomisation list that was set up by an unblinded pharmacist. All people involved in the study as well as participants were blinded to group assignment. Two participants withdrew from the study prior to completion (both in the sitagliptin group) and were subsequently replaced with two new participants that were allocated to the same treatment. Before and after treatment, fasting venous blood samples and skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained, OGTT was performed and body composition, resting energy expenditure and [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) uptake by metabolic tissues were assessed. The primary study endpoint was the effect of sitagliptin on BAT volume and activity. RESULTS One participant from the sitagliptin group was excluded from analysis, due to a distribution error, leaving 29 participants for further analysis. Sitagliptin, but not placebo, lowered glucose excursion (-40%; p < 0.003) during OGTT, accompanied by an improved insulinogenic index (+38%; p < 0.003) and oral disposition index (+44%; p < 0.003). In addition, sitagliptin lowered serum concentrations of triacylglycerol (-29%) and very large (-46%), large (-35%) and medium-sized (-24%) VLDL particles (all p < 0.05). Body weight, body composition and energy expenditure did not change. In skeletal muscle, sitagliptin increased mRNA expression of PGC1β (also known as PPARGC1B) (+117%; p < 0.05), a main controller of mitochondrial oxidative energy metabolism. Although the primary endpoint of change in BAT volume and activity was not met, sitagliptin increased [18F] FDG uptake in subcutaneous WAT (sWAT; +53%; p < 0.05). Reported side effects were mild and transient and not necessarily related to the treatment. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Twelve weeks of sitagliptin in overweight, Europid men with prediabetes improves glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism, as related to increased [18F] FDG uptake by sWAT, rather than BAT, and upregulation of the mitochondrial gene PGC1β in skeletal muscle. Studies on the effect of sitagliptin on preventing or delaying the progression of prediabetes into type 2 diabetes are warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02294084. FUNDING This study was funded by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, Dutch Heart Foundation, Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation, Ministry of Economic Affairs and the University of Granada.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Nahon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, post zone C7Q, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Fleur Doornink
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, post zone C7Q, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike E Straat
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, post zone C7Q, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kani Botani
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, post zone C7Q, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, post zone C7Q, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- PROFITH 'Promoting Fitness and Health through Physical Activity' research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Gustavo Abreu-Vieira
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, post zone C7Q, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan B van Klinken
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gardi J Voortman
- Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edith C H Friesema
- Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH 'Promoting Fitness and Health through Physical Activity' research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Floris H P van Velden
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frits Smit
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Alrijne Hospital, Leiderdorp, the Netherlands
| | - Lenka M Pereira Arias-Bouda
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Alrijne Hospital, Leiderdorp, the Netherlands
| | - Jimmy F P Berbée
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, post zone C7Q, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Jazet
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, post zone C7Q, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, post zone C7Q, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, post zone C7Q, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Levy SB, Klimova TM, Zakharova RN, Federov AI, Fedorova VI, Baltakhinova ME, Leonard WR. Brown adipose tissue, energy expenditure, and biomarkers of cardio‐metabolic health among the Yakut (Sakha) of northeastern Siberia. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23175. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B. Levy
- Department of Anthropology Yale University New Haven Connecticut
- Department of Anthropology CUNY Hunter College New York City New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
139
|
García MDC, Pazos P, Lima L, Diéguez C. Regulation of Energy Expenditure and Brown/Beige Thermogenic Activity by Interleukins: New Roles for Old Actors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2569. [PMID: 30158466 PMCID: PMC6164446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity rates and the burden of metabolic associated diseases are escalating worldwide Energy burning brown and inducible beige adipocytes in human adipose tissues (ATs) have attracted considerable attention due to their therapeutic potential to counteract the deleterious metabolic effects of nutritional overload and overweight. Recent research has highlighted the relevance of resident and recruited ATs immune cell populations and their signalling mediators, cytokines, as modulators of the thermogenic activity of brown and beige ATs. In this review, we first provide an overview of the developmental, cellular and functional heterogeneity of the AT organ, as well as reported molecular switches of its heat-producing machinery. We also discuss the key contribution of various interleukins signalling pathways to energy and metabolic homeostasis and their roles in the biogenesis and function of brown and beige adipocytes. Besides local actions, attention is also drawn to their influence in the central nervous system (CNS) networks governing energy expenditure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Del Carmen García
- Department of Physiology/Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patricia Pazos
- Department of Physiology/Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Lima
- Department of Physiology/Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology/Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Finlin BS, Memetimin H, Confides AL, Kasza I, Zhu B, Vekaria HJ, Harfmann B, Jones KA, Johnson ZR, Westgate PM, Alexander CM, Sullivan PG, Dupont-Versteegden EE, Kern PA. Human adipose beiging in response to cold and mirabegron. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121510. [PMID: 30089732 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The induction of beige adipocytes in s.c. white adipose tissue (WAT) depots of humans is postulated to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in obesity. The ability of obese, insulin-resistant humans to induce beige adipose tissue is unknown. METHODS We exposed lean and obese research participants to cold (30-minute ice pack application each day for 10 days of the upper thigh) or treated them with the β3 agonist mirabegron. We determined beige adipose marker expression by IHC and quantitative PCR, and we analyzed mitochondrial bioenergetics and UCP activity with an Oxytherm system. RESULTS Cold significantly induced UCP1 and TMEM26 protein in both lean and obese subjects, and this response was not associated with age. Interestingly, these proteins increased to the same extent in s.c. WAT of the noniced contralateral leg, indicating a crossover effect. We further analyzed the bioenergetics of purified mitochondria from the abdominal s.c. WAT of cold-treated subjects and determined that repeat ice application significantly increased uncoupled respiration, consistent with the UCP1 protein induction and subsequent activation. Cold also increased State 3 and maximal respiration, and this effect on mitochondrial bioenergetics was stronger in summer than winter. Chronic treatment (10 weeks; 50 mg/day) with the β3 receptor agonist mirabegron induces UCP1, TMEM26, CIDEA, and phosphorylation of HSL on serine660 in obese subjects. CONCLUSION Cold or β3 agonists cause the induction of beige adipose tissue in human s.c. WAT; this phenomenon may be exploited to increase beige adipose in older, insulin-resistant, obese individuals. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02596776, NCT02919176. FUNDING NIH (DK107646, DK112282, P20GM103527, and by CTSA grant UL1TR001998).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Finlin
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, and
| | - Hasiyet Memetimin
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, and
| | - Amy L Confides
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ildiko Kasza
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Beibei Zhu
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, and
| | - Hemendra J Vekaria
- Department of Neuroscience.,Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, and
| | - Brianna Harfmann
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, and
| | - Kelly A Jones
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, and
| | - Zachary R Johnson
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, and
| | - Philip M Westgate
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Caroline M Alexander
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Patrick G Sullivan
- Department of Neuroscience.,Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, and
| | - Esther E Dupont-Versteegden
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Philip A Kern
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, and
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Ruiz JR, Martinez-Tellez B, Sanchez-Delgado G, Osuna-Prieto FJ, Rensen PCN, Boon MR. Role of Human Brown Fat in Obesity, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease: Strategies to Turn Up the Heat. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 61:232-245. [PMID: 29981351 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) was re-discovered in 2009 by several independent groups, who showed that it is present and active in adults, as judged from the profound uptake of the glucose analogue radiotracer 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in positron-emission tomography and computed tomography scan analysis after cold exposure. A potential clinical implication of activating BAT relates to its high metabolic activity and its potential role in stimulating energy expenditure (i.e. resting energy expenditure, meal-induced thermogenesis, and cold-induced thermogenesis), which makes it an attractive target to reduce adiposity. Moreover, due to its ability to oxidise glucose and lipids, BAT activation may also potentially exert beneficial metabolic and cardiovascular effects through reducing glucose and lipid levels, respectively. This review describes the potential role of human BAT in the prevention and treatment of obesity, metabolism, and cardiovascular disease focusing on its impact on energy expenditure and management of body fat accumulation as well as on glucose and lipid metabolism. This article also summarises the strategies that are currently being studied to activate human BAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Granada, Spain
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Dodd GT, Lee-Young RS, Brüning JC, Tiganis T. TCPTP Regulates Insulin Signaling in AgRP Neurons to Coordinate Glucose Metabolism With Feeding. Diabetes 2018; 67:1246-1257. [PMID: 29712668 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin regulates glucose metabolism by eliciting effects on peripheral tissues as well as the brain. Insulin receptor (IR) signaling inhibits AgRP-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus to contribute to the suppression of hepatic glucose production (HGP) by insulin, whereas AgRP neuronal activation attenuates brown adipose tissue (BAT) glucose uptake. The tyrosine phosphatase TCPTP suppresses IR signaling in AgRP neurons. Hypothalamic TCPTP is induced by fasting and degraded after feeding. Here we assessed the influence of TCPTP in AgRP neurons in the control of glucose metabolism. TCPTP deletion in AgRP neurons (Agrp-Cre;Ptpn2fl/fl ) enhanced insulin sensitivity, as assessed by the increased glucose infusion rates, and reduced HGP during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps, accompanied by increased [14C]-2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake in BAT and browned white adipose tissue. TCPTP deficiency in AgRP neurons promoted the intracerebroventricular insulin-induced repression of hepatic gluconeogenesis in otherwise unresponsive food-restricted mice, yet had no effect in fed/satiated mice where hypothalamic TCPTP levels are reduced. The improvement in glucose homeostasis in Agrp-Cre;Ptpn2fl/fl mice was corrected by IR heterozygosity (Agrp-Cre;Ptpn2fl/fl ;Insrfl/+ ), causally linking the effects on glucose metabolism with the IR signaling in AgRP neurons. Our findings demonstrate that TCPTP controls IR signaling in AgRP neurons to coordinate HGP and brown/beige adipocyte glucose uptake in response to feeding/fasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garron T Dodd
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert S Lee-Young
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Metabolic Phenotyping Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Plank Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Metabolic Phenotyping Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Lee JH, Kim JM, Choi MJ, Kang YE, Joung KH, Yi HS, Kim KS, Ku BJ, Koo BS, Shong M, Kim HJ. Clinical Implications of UCP1 mRNA Expression in Human Cervical Adipose Tissue Under Physiological Conditions. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1008-1016. [PMID: 29698580 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical implications of human brown adipose tissue (BAT) were investigated based on the analysis of cervical adipose tissue gene expression under normal physiological conditions. METHODS Matched-pair specimens of adipose tissue (AT) were collected from beneath the incision plane (subcutaneous AT) and from the area surrounding the carotid sheath (carotid AT) from 60 patients undergoing thyroidectomy. The mRNA expression of BAT-associated genes in these tissues was examined, and this expression was correlated with the clinical characteristics of the subjects. RESULTS The UCP1 mRNA level was significantly higher in the carotid AT than in the subcutaneous AT. There was an inverse correlation between subject age and the ratio of UCP1 mRNA expression in the carotid AT relative to the subcutaneous AT, which is a measure of BAT activity (r = -0.459; P = 0.004), and there was a negative correlation between BMI and the ratio of UCP1 mRNA expression in subjects with higher BAT activity (r = -0.532; P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS UCP1 was identified as the only marker of cervical BAT in humans. There was a negative correlation between obesity and BAT activity in subjects with higher BAT activity, although BAT activity decreased with age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Choi
- Department of Medicine Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Hye Joung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Jeong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Seok Koo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Fuse S, Nirengi S, Amagasa S, Homma T, Kime R, Endo T, Sakane N, Matsushita M, Saito M, Yoneshiro T, Kurosawa Y, Hamaoka T. Brown adipose tissue density measured by near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy in Japanese, across a wide age range. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-9. [PMID: 29900702 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.6.065002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
F18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) along with computed tomography (CT) is a standard method for assessing brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity. We tested the usefulness of near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIRTRS) as a simple and noninvasive method for evaluating BAT density (BAT-d) by examining the effects of some factors known to influence BAT activity. The total hemoglobin concentration as a parameter of BAT-d was evaluated using NIRTRS in the supraclavicular region in 413 Japanese individuals. The associations were analyzed between BAT-d and sex, age, the percentages of body fat (%BF), visceral fat (VF), and the seasonal ambient temperature (AmT) fluctuations. Age was associated with decreased BAT-d (P < 0.05). There was no sex difference in the BAT-d, except for those in their twenties. Multivariate analyses revealed that %BF and VF were correlated with BAT-d, and the lower AmT (around 4°C or 5°C) for 4 and 6 weeks prior to the measurement day was associated with an increase in the BAT-d. Our NIRTRS results were analogous to those reported with FDG18-PET / CT, indicating the usefulness of NIRTRS. BAT-d might increase during the 4 and 6 weeks after the AmT decreases to lower than 4°C or 5°C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Fuse
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nirengi
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Division of Preven, Japan
| | - Shiho Amagasa
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Homma
- Daito Bunka University, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Higashimatsuyama-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Kime
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tasuki Endo
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakane
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Division of Preven, Japan
| | - Mami Matsushita
- Tenshi College, Department of Nutrition, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- University of California, UCSF Diabetes Center, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, San Francisco, United States
| | - Yuko Kurosawa
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hamaoka
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Leitner BP, Weiner LS, Desir M, Kahn PA, Selen DJ, Tsang C, Kolodny GM, Cypess AM. Kinetics of human brown adipose tissue activation and deactivation. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:633-637. [PMID: 29795459 PMCID: PMC6252171 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been identified as a potential target in the treatment and prevention of obesity and metabolic disease. The precise kinetics of BAT activation and the duration of stimulus required to recruit metabolically active BAT, and its subsequent deactivation, are not well-understood. In this clinical trial, 19 healthy adults (BMI: 23.7 ± 0.7 kg/m2, Age: 31.2 ± 2.8 year, 12 female) underwent three different cooling procedures to stimulate BAT glucose uptake, and active BAT volume was determined using 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT imaging. We found that 20 min of pre-injection cooling produces activation similar to the standard 60 min (39.9 mL vs. 44.2 mL, p = 0.52), indicating that BAT activity approaches its peak function soon after the initiation of cooling. Furthermore, upon removal of cold exposure, active BAT volume declines (13.6 mL vs. 44.2 mL, p = 0.002), but the deactivation process persists even hours following cessation of cooling. Thus, the kinetics of human BAT thermogenesis are characterized by a rapid increase soon after cold stimulation but a more gradual decline after rewarming. These characteristics reinforce the feasibility of developing mild, short-duration cold exposure to activate BAT and treat obesity and metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooks P Leitner
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lauren S Weiner
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Matthew Desir
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Peter A Kahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Daryl J Selen
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Cathy Tsang
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Gerald M Kolodny
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Aaron M Cypess
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Recent advances in the detection of brown adipose tissue in adult humans: a review. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1039-1054. [PMID: 29802209 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is associated with reductions in circulating lipids and glucose in rodents and contributes to energy expenditure in humans indicating the potential therapeutic importance of targetting this tissue for the treatment of a variety of metabolic disorders. In order to evaluate the therapeutic potential of human BAT, a variety of methodologies for assessing the volume and metabolic activity of BAT are utilized. Cold exposure is often utilized to increase BAT activity but inconsistencies in the characteristics of the exposure protocols make it challenging to compare findings. The metabolic activity of BAT in response to cold exposure has most commonly been measured by static positron emission tomography of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in combination with computed tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) imaging, but recent studies suggest that under some conditions this may not always reflect BAT thermogenic activity. Therefore, recent studies have used alternative positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging strategies and radiotracers that may offer important insights. In addition to PET-CT, there are numerous emerging techniques that may have utility for assessing BAT metabolic activity including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), skin temperature measurements, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and contrast ultrasound (CU). In this review, we discuss and critically evaluate the various methodologies used to measure BAT metabolic activity in humans and provide a contemporary assessment of protocols which may be useful in interpreting research findings and guiding the development of future studies.
Collapse
|
147
|
Marlatt KL, Chen KY, Ravussin E. Is activation of human brown adipose tissue a viable target for weight management? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R479-R483. [PMID: 29741929 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00443.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
To date, human studies show that brown adipose tissue (BAT) contributes a small yet highly variable amount to overall energy expenditure. No studies have shown a decrease in body weight with cold-induced BAT activation, and existing pharmacological studies suggest that BAT activation via the sympathetic nervous system may result in increased heart rate and systolic blood pressure. Furthermore, even though the amount and/or activity of BAT have been shown to vary with seasons, such variation does not seem to be translated into weight changes. Collectively, these findings do not support the use of BAT activation for weight loss in humans; however, the potential role of BAT in counteracting the metabolic adaptation observed with weight loss is suggested. Although the role of BAT in weight control is currently unsubstantiated, BAT may play a role in improving insulin sensitivity in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Marlatt
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Kong Y Chen
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Uysal N, Yuksel O, Kizildag S, Yuce Z, Gumus H, Karakilic A, Guvendi G, Koc B, Kandis S, Ates M. Regular aerobic exercise correlates with reduced anxiety and incresed levels of irisin in brain and white adipose tissue. Neurosci Lett 2018; 676:92-97. [PMID: 29655944 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have recently shown that regular voluntary aerobic exercised rats have low levels of anxiety. Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine that is produced by many tissues; and the role it plays in anxiolytic behavior is unknown. In this study we aimed to investigate the correlation between anxiety like behavior and irisin levels following regular voluntary aerobic exercise in male mice. We've have shown that anxiety levels decreased in exercised mice, while irisin levels increased in the brain, brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue, kidney, and pancreas tissues. No significant difference of irisin levels in the liver, muscle and serum were detected in the exercise group, when compared to controls. In addition, there was a strong positive correlation between brain irisin levels and activity in middle area of open field test and in the open arms of elevated plus maze test; both which are indicators of low anxiety levels. Our results suggest that decrease in anxiolytic behavior due to regular voluntary exercise may be associated with locally produced brain irisin. White adipose tissue irisin levels also correlated very strongly with low anxiety. However, no serum irisin increase was detected, ruling out the possibility of increased peripheral irisin levels affecting the brain via the bloodstream. Further research is necessary to explain the mechanisms of which peripheral and central irisin effects anxiety and the brain region affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazan Uysal
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Oguz Yuksel
- Department of Sports Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Servet Kizildag
- College of Vocational School of Health Services, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Yuce
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Gumus
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey; Dokuz Eylul University, School of Sport Sciences and Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aslı Karakilic
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Guven Guvendi
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Basar Koc
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sevim Kandis
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ates
- College of Vocational School of Health Services, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Aldiss P, Betts J, Sale C, Pope M, Budge H, Symonds ME. Exercise-induced 'browning' of adipose tissues. Metabolism 2018; 81:63-70. [PMID: 29155135 PMCID: PMC5893183 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Global rates of obesity continue to rise and are necessarily the consequence of a long-term imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. This is the result of an expansion of adipose tissue due to both the hypertrophy of existing adipocytes and hyperplasia of adipocyte pre-cursors. Exercise elicits numerous physiological benefits on adipose tissue, which are likely to contribute to the associated cardiometabolic benefits. More recently it has been demonstrated that exercise, through a range of mechanisms, induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue from energy storing white adipocytes to thermogenic beige adipocytes. This has generated the hypothesis that the process of adipocyte 'browning' may partially underlie the improved cardiometabolic health in physically active populations. Interestingly, 'browning' also occurs in response to various stressors and could represent an adaptive response. In the context of exercise, it is not clear whether the appearance of beige adipocytes is metabolically beneficial or whether they occur as a transient adaptive process to exercise-induced stresses. The present review discusses the various mechanisms (e.g. fatty acid oxidation during exercise, decreased thermal insulation, stressors and angiogenesis) by which the exercise-induced 'browning' process may occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Aldiss
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - James Betts
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Craig Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark Pope
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Helen Budge
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Michael E Symonds
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre School of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, NG7 2UH.
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Vargas D, López C, Acero E, Benitez E, Wintaco A, Camacho J, Carreño M, Umaña J, Jimenez D, Díaz S, Lizcano F. Thermogenic capacity of human periaortic adipose tissue is transformed by body weight. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194269. [PMID: 29554135 PMCID: PMC5858771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The anatomical location of adipose tissue might have direct implications for its functionality and risk of cardiovascular disease. Adipose tissue surrounding blood vessels may be thermogenically more active in specific areas of the body, releasing substances that regulate vascular metabolism. In humans, the phenotypic characteristics of adipose tissue surrounding the aorta and the cardiovascular disease risk that it might entail remain largely unknown. Here, we compared thermogenesis-related molecular features of human periaortic adipose tissue samples with those of subcutaneous adipose tissue, obtained by sternotomy from 42 patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. To determine the expression of genes related to energy expenditure and the levels of some adipokines, histological examinations, quantitative PCR, and protein expression measurements in adipocyte precursor cells were performed. Periaortic adipocytes were smaller than those from subcutaneous tissue. Moreover, weight gain induced periaortic adipocyte hypertrophy (r = -0.91, p<0.01). Compared to subcutaneous tissue, adiponectin, FABP4, IL-4 and IL-6 was decreased in periaortic adipocytes, whereas FGF21, UCP-1, PGC-1a, CITED1, Omentin and TFAM (Mitochondrial protein) increased. Upon analyzing patients’ clinical conditions, it emerged that the levels of PGC-1a both in male (r = -0.48 p<0.04) and female (r = -0.61, p<0.05) and TFAM in male (r = -0.72, p<0.0008) and female (r = -0.86, p<0.002) decreased significantly with progressive weight gain. However, no differences were observed in patients with diabetes mellitus 2 or Hyperlipidemia. Adipocytes surrounding the ascending aorta present markers of major thermogenic activity than those in subcutaneous tissue. Nevertheless, this characteristic might change, due to unfavorable metabolic conditions such as obesity, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Vargas
- Center of Biomedical Investigation from Universidad de La Sabana (CIBUS), Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Carolina López
- Center of Biomedical Investigation from Universidad de La Sabana (CIBUS), Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Edward Acero
- Center of Biomedical Investigation from Universidad de La Sabana (CIBUS), Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Edgar Benitez
- Center of Biomedical Investigation from Universidad de La Sabana (CIBUS), Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Angélica Wintaco
- Center of Biomedical Investigation from Universidad de La Sabana (CIBUS), Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Jaime Camacho
- Fundacion CardioInfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Marisol Carreño
- Fundacion CardioInfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Juan Umaña
- Fundacion CardioInfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Daniela Jimenez
- Center of Biomedical Investigation from Universidad de La Sabana (CIBUS), Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Said Díaz
- Center of Biomedical Investigation from Universidad de La Sabana (CIBUS), Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Fernando Lizcano
- Center of Biomedical Investigation from Universidad de La Sabana (CIBUS), Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|