101
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Sun J, Lunkenheimer E, Lin D. Dimensions of child maltreatment and longitudinal diurnal cortisol patterns: The roles of resilience and child sex. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37746719 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Informed by the dimensional approach to adversity, this study disaggregated child maltreatment effects to examine how abuse versus neglect influenced cortisol at the baseline assessment and longitudinal changes in diurnal cortisol among a sample of Chinese children and adolescents (N = 312; aged 9-13 years; M age = 10.80, SD = 0.84; 67% boys). The moderating roles of resilience and sex differences in these associations were also explored. Results revealed distinct effects of abuse versus neglect on diurnal cortisol in girls, but not boys, which varied by the time scale of assessment and type of cortisol measure. Specifically, abuse was associated with girls' longitudinal changes in awakening cortisol, cortisol awakening response, and diurnal cortisol slope over one year, whereas neglect was associated with girls' awakening cortisol and cortisol awakening response at the baseline assessment. Further, resilience moderated the effects of abuse on girls' baseline awakening cortisol and longitudinal changes in diurnal cortisol slope, suggesting both the potential benefits and costs of resilience. Findings support the application of the dimensional approach to research on stress physiology and deepen our understanding of individual differences in the associations between child maltreatment and diurnal cortisol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Sun
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Erika Lunkenheimer
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Danhua Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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102
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King LS, Humphreys KL, Shaw GM, Stevenson DK, Gotlib IH. Validation of the Assessment of Parent and Child Adversity (APCA) in Mothers and Young Children. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2023; 52:686-701. [PMID: 35500216 PMCID: PMC9626394 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2022.2042696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Advancing understanding of how early adversity arises, manifests, and contributes to health difficulties depends on accurate measurement of children's experiences. In early life, exposure to adversity is often intertwined with that of one's caregivers. We present preliminary psychometric properties of a novel measure of adversity, the Assessment of Parent and Child Adversity (APCA), which simultaneously characterizes parents' and children's adversity. METHODS During pregnancy, women reported their past adverse experiences. When their children were ages 3-5 years (47% female), 97 mothers (71% White, 17% Hispanic/Latinx) completed the APCA, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and the Benevolent Childhood Experiences scale. They reported their current symptoms of depression and anxiety and their child's emotional and behavioral problems. Using the APCA, we distinguished between maternal adversity during different life periods and obtained metrics of child witnessing of and direct exposure to adversity. RESULTS The APCA demonstrated validity with other measures of maternal adverse experiences, maternal positive childhood experiences, and maternal symptoms of psychopathology. Children whose mothers experienced greater adversity, particularly in the prenatal period, had more emotional and behavioral problems, as did children who were directly exposed to greater adversity. CONCLUSIONS The APCA has good usability and validity. Leveraging the ability of the APCA to distinguish between adversity during different life stages and originating from different sources, our findings highlight potentially distinct effects of different aspects of maternal and child adversity on difficulties in maternal and child mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy S. King
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Kathryn L. Humphreys
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Gary M. Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - David K. Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ian H. Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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103
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Rakesh D, Whittle S, Sheridan MA, McLaughlin KA. Childhood socioeconomic status and the pace of structural neurodevelopment: accelerated, delayed, or simply different? Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:833-851. [PMID: 37179140 PMCID: PMC10524122 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with children's brain and behavioral development. Several theories propose that early experiences of adversity or low SES can alter the pace of neurodevelopment during childhood and adolescence. These theories make contrasting predictions about whether adverse experiences and low SES are associated with accelerated or delayed neurodevelopment. We contextualize these predictions within the context of normative development of cortical and subcortical structure and review existing evidence on SES and structural brain development to adjudicate between competing hypotheses. Although none of these theories are fully consistent with observed SES-related differences in brain development, existing evidence suggests that low SES is associated with brain structure trajectories more consistent with a delayed or simply different developmental pattern than an acceleration in neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margaret A Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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104
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Ross AJ, Handley ED, Toth SL, Manly JT, Cicchetti D. The Role of Peer- and Self-Appraisals in the Association Between Maltreatment and Symptomatology. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1289-1301. [PMID: 37284898 PMCID: PMC10524635 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent research highlights the use of artificial boundaries between distinct types of adverse experiences, including forms of maltreatment. Commonly-utilized methods that isolate the impact of one maltreatment subtype over others and fail to consider the often co-occurring nature of maltreatment may not adequately capture the complex heterogeneous nature of maltreatment and may obscure understanding of developmental pathways. Moreover, childhood maltreatment is associated with the development of maladaptive peer relationships and psychopathology, with negative conceptions of relationships identified as a risk pathway. The current study utilizes structural equation modeling to examine the impact of an adapted threat versus deprivation framework for conceptualizing maltreatment via children's negative conceptions of relationships, which have not been previously tested as mechanisms in the context of this conceptual framework. Participants included 680 socioeconomically disadvantaged children who attended a week-long summer camp. Multi-informant methods were used to assess children's symptomatology and interpersonal functioning. Results did not support differences between threatening versus depriving maltreatment experiences, but indicated that all groups of children who experienced maltreatment, including those enduring both threatening and depriving experiences, showed more maladaptive functioning and more negative conceptions of relationships relative to non-maltreated peers. Results of the current study support the mediating role of children's appraisals of the self and peers in the effect of maltreatment on children's internalizing and externalizing symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dante Cicchetti
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester
- University of Minnesota
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105
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Perry KJ, Mutignani LM, Gissandaner TD, Penner F, Santos R, Sarver DE. Testing an integrated dimensional model of adverse childhood experiences: Associations with COVID-19 outcomes. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 143:106239. [PMID: 37244078 PMCID: PMC10176107 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a salient risk factor for a myriad of negative outcomes. Extant theoretical and empirical models traditionally quantify the impact of ACEs using cumulative representations. Recent conceptualizations challenge this framework and theorize that the types of ACEs children are exposed to differentially impacts their future functioning. OBJECTIVE The current study tested an integrated ACEs model using parent-report of child ACEs across four aims: (1) characterize heterogeneity in child ACEs using a latent class analysis (LCA); (2) examine mean level class differences in COVID specific and COVID non-specific environmental factors (i.e., COVID impact, ineffective parenting, effective parenting) and internalizing and externalizing problems during the COVID pandemic; (3) test interactions between COVID impact and ACEs classes in predicting outcomes, and (4) compare a cumulative risk approach to a class membership approach. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A nationally representative sample of U.S. parents (N = 796; 51.8 % fathers, M age = 38.87 years, 60.3 % Non-Hispanic White) completed a cross-sectional survey about themselves and one child (5-16 years old) between February-April 2021. METHOD Measures of child's ACEs history, COVID impact, effective and ineffective parenting, and children's internalizing and externalizing problems were completed by parents. RESULTS A LCA demonstrated three distinct classes of ACEs reflecting low-risk, trauma-risk, and environmental-risk classes. In general, the trauma-risk class had more negative COVID-19 outcomes than the other classes (small to large effect sizes). CONCLUSIONS The classes differentially related to outcomes, providing support for dimensions of ACEs and emphasizing the distinct types of ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J Perry
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, 314 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America.
| | - Lauren M Mutignani
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
| | - Tre D Gissandaner
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Francesca Penner
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06519, United States of America
| | - Roberto Santos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, United States of America
| | - Dustin E Sarver
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, United States of America; Center for the Advancement of Youth, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 4400 Old, Canton Rd, Jackson, MS 39211, United States of America
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106
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Picci G, Petro NM, Son JJ, Agcaoglu O, Eastman JA, Wang YP, Stephen JM, Calhoun VD, Taylor BK, Wilson TW. Transdiagnostic indicators predict developmental changes in cognitive control resting-state networks. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37615120 PMCID: PMC11140239 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, transdiagnostic indicators in relation to neurobiological processes have provided extensive insight into youth's risk for psychopathology. During development, exposure to childhood trauma and dysregulation (i.e., so-called AAA symptomology: anxiety, aggression, and attention problems) puts individuals at a disproportionate risk for developing psychopathology and altered network-level neural functioning. Evidence for the latter has emerged from resting-state fMRI studies linking mental health symptoms and aberrations in functional networks (e.g., cognitive control (CCN), default mode networks (DMN)) in youth, although few of these investigations have used longitudinal designs. Herein, we leveraged a three-year longitudinal study to identify whether traumatic exposures and concomitant dysregulation trigger changes in the developmental trajectories of resting-state functional networks involved in cognitive control (N = 190; 91 females; time 1 Mage = 11.81). Findings from latent growth curve analyses revealed that greater trauma exposure predicted increasing connectivity between the CCN and DMN across time. Greater levels of dysregulation predicted reductions in within-network connectivity in the CCN. These findings presented in typically developing youth corroborate connectivity patterns reported in clinical populations, suggesting there is predictive utility in using transdiagnostic indicators to forecast alterations in resting-state networks implicated in psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Picci
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nathan M Petro
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Jake J Son
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Oktay Agcaoglu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacob A Eastman
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brittany K Taylor
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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107
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Goetschius LG, McLoyd VC, Hein TC, Mitchell C, Hyde LW, Monk CS. School connectedness as a protective factor against childhood exposure to violence and social deprivation: A longitudinal study of adaptive and maladaptive outcomes. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1219-1234. [PMID: 34779377 PMCID: PMC10037103 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
School connectedness, a construct indexing supportive school relationships, has been posited to promote resilience to environmental adversity. Consistent with prominent calls in the field, we examined the protective nature of school connectedness against two dimensions of early adversity that index multiple levels of environmental exposure (violence exposure, social deprivation) when predicting both positive and negative outcomes in longitudinal data from 3,246 youth in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (48% female, 49% African American). Child and adolescent school connectedness were promotive, even when accounting for the detrimental effects of early adversity. Additionally, childhood school connectedness had a protective but reactive association with social deprivation, but not violence exposure, when predicting externalizing symptoms and positive function. Specifically, school connectedness was protective against the negative effects of social deprivation, but the effect diminished as social deprivation became more extreme. These results suggest that social relationships at school may compensate for low levels of social support in the home and neighborhood. Our results highlight the important role that the school environment can play for youth who have been exposed to adversity in other areas of their lives and suggest specific groups that may especially benefit from interventions that boost school connectedness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tyler C. Hein
- Serious Mental Illness Treatment Resource and Evaluation Center, Office of Mental Health and Suicide Prevention, Department of Veterans Affairs
| | - Colter Mitchell
- Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Population Studies Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Luke W. Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Christopher S. Monk
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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108
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de Mendonça Filho EJ, Pokhvisneva I, Maalouf CM, Parent C, Mliner SB, Slopen N, Williams DR, Bush NR, Boyce WT, Levitt P, Nelson CA, Gunnar MR, Meaney MJ, Shonkoff JP, Silveira PP. Linking specific biological signatures to different childhood adversities: findings from the HERO project. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:564-574. [PMID: 36650307 PMCID: PMC10382309 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although investigations have begun to differentiate biological and neurobiological responses to a variety of adversities, studies considering both endocrine and immune function in the same datasets are limited. METHODS Associations between proximal (family functioning, caregiver depression, and anxiety) and distal (SES-D; socioeconomic disadvantage) early-life adversities with salivary inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) and hair HPA markers (cortisol, cortisone, and dehydroepiandrosterone) were examined in two samples of young U.S. children (N = 142; N = 145). RESULTS Children exposed to higher SES-D had higher levels of TNF-α (B = 0.13, p = 0.011), IL-1β (B = 0.10, p = 0.033), and DHEA (B = 0.16, p = 0.011). Higher family dysfunction was associated with higher cortisol (B = 0.08, p = 0.033) and cortisone (B = 0.05, p = 0.003). An interaction between SES-D and family dysfunction was observed for cortisol levels (p = 0.020) whereby children exposed to lower/average levels of SES-D exhibited a positive association between family dysfunction and cortisol levels, whereas children exposed to high levels of SES-D did not. These findings were partially replicated in the second sample. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that these biological response systems may react differently to different forms of early-life adversity. IMPACT Different forms of early-life adversity have varied stress signatures, and investigations of early-life adversities with inflammation and HPA markers are lacking. Children with higher socioeconomic disadvantage had higher TNF-α, IL-1β, and DHEA. Higher family dysfunction was associated with higher hair cortisol and cortisone levels, and the association between family dysfunction and cortisol was moderated by socioeconomic disadvantage. Biological response systems (immune and endocrine) were differentially associated with distinct forms of early-life adversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euclides José de Mendonça Filho
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Irina Pokhvisneva
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christina Maria Maalouf
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carine Parent
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shanna B Mliner
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Natalie Slopen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David R Williams
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William Thomas Boyce
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pat Levitt
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Developmental Neuroscience and Developmental Neurogenetics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Megan R Gunnar
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jack P Shonkoff
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center on the Developing Child, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patricia Pelufo Silveira
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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109
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Harkness KL, Chakrabarty T, Rizvi SJ, Mazurka R, Quilty L, Uher R, Milev RV, Frey BN, Parikh SV, Foster JA, Rotzinger S, Kennedy SH, Lam RW. The Differential Relation of Emotional, Physical, and Sexual Abuse Histories to Antidepressant Treatment Remission and Persistence of Anhedonia in Major Depression: A CAN-BIND-1 Report. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2023; 68:586-595. [PMID: 36785892 PMCID: PMC10411366 DOI: 10.1177/07067437231156255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood maltreatment is a potent enviromarker of risk for poor response to antidepressant medication (ADM). However, childhood maltreatment is a heterogeneous construct that includes distinct exposures that have distinct neurobiological and psychological correlates. The purpose of the current study is to examine the differential associations of emotional, physical, and sexual maltreatment to ADM outcome and to examine the unique role of anhedonia in driving poor response in patients with specific maltreatment histories. METHODS In a multicentre clinical trial of major depression, 164 individuals were assessed for childhood emotional, physical, and sexual maltreatment with a contextual interview with independent, standardized ratings. All individuals received 8 weeks of escitalopram, with nonresponders subsequently also receiving augmentation with aripiprazole, with outcomes measured with depression rating scales and an anhedonia scale. RESULTS Greater severity of emotional maltreatment perpetrated by the mother was a significant and direct predictor of lower odds of week 16 remission (odds ratio [OR] = 1.68, P = 0.02). In contrast, the relations of paternal-perpetrated emotional maltreatment and physical maltreatment to week 16 remission were indirect, mediated through greater severity of anhedonia at week 8. CONCLUSIONS We identify emotional maltreatment as a specific early exposure that places patients at the greatest risk for nonremission following pharmacological treatment. Further, we suggest that anhedonia is a key symptom domain driving nonremission in patients with particular maltreatment histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L. Harkness
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Trisha Chakrabarty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sakina J. Rizvi
- Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raegan Mazurka
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Lena Quilty
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Roumen V. Milev
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, and Providence Care, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Benicio N. Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sagar V. Parikh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jane A. Foster
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Rotzinger
- Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sidney H. Kennedy
- Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raymond W. Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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110
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Lin L, Cao B, Chen W, Li J, Zhang Y, Guo VY. Association of childhood threat and deprivation with depressive symptoms and the moderating role of current economic status among middle-aged and older adults in China. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:1227-1236. [PMID: 36418644 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the independent impact of threat-related and deprivation-related adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults, and to evaluate the moderating role of current economic status in these associations. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 11,048 participants aged ≥ 45 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. We captured five threat-related ACEs and five deprivation-related ACEs by questionnaires. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Current economic status was reflected by annual per capita household consumption expenditure. We performed logistic regression analyses to evaluate the independent association of childhood threat and deprivation with depressive symptoms, and conducted stratified analyses and tests for interaction to explore the moderation effect of current economic status in such associations. RESULTS Compared with the nonexposed group, the experience of both childhood threat and deprivation were independently associated with greater risks of depressive symptoms later in life (odds ratio [OR] 1.75, 95% CI 1.49-2.05 for ≥ 2 threat-related ACEs; OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.67-2.43 for ≥ 2 deprivation-related ACEs). High current economic status significantly ameliorated the impact of childhood deprivation, but not threat, on depressive symptoms (P value for interaction 0.038). CONCLUSIONS Both threat-related and deprivation-related ACEs were associated with the risk of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults, while current economic status was a significant moderator in such risks only for childhood deprivation. The findings implied that prioritising targeted interventions for individuals with ACEs, especially for childhood deprivation victims who were economically disadvantaged in adulthood, may help mitigate depressive symptoms in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Weiqing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Department of Child Healthcare, Shenzhen Longhua Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Vivian Yawei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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111
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Jones EJ, Marsland AL, Gianaros PJ. Do trait-level emotion regulation strategies moderate associations between retrospective reports of childhood trauma and prospective changes in systemic inflammation? Stress Health 2023; 39:525-538. [PMID: 36265175 PMCID: PMC10518806 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Childhood trauma may confer risk for poorer adult health through changes in systemic inflammation. Emotion regulation may plausibly moderate associations between childhood trauma and adult psychological well-being, but it remains unclear whether moderation effects extend to differences in systemic inflammation. To examine whether childhood trauma and emotion regulation separately and interactively predict prospective changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and whether biopsychosocial factors account for observed associations. Healthy midlife adults (N = 331) retrospectively reported on childhood trauma, current trait-level cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, and had their blood drawn. At baseline and then a median of 2.85 years later, 279 of the 331 participants had their blood drawn, body mass index calculated, and reported on health behaviours (smoking, sleep), psychological distress (perceived stress, depressive symptoms), and years of education. Childhood trauma predicted prospective increases in CRP (B = 0.004, p = 0.049), which were partially accounted for by differences in adiposity, psychological distress, and health behaviours. In contrast, cognitive reappraisal predicted prospective decreases in IL-6 (B = -0.007, p = 0.006), which were independent of biopsychosocial influences. Cognitive reappraisal further moderated the association between childhood trauma and prospective changes in IL-6 (B = -0.001, p = 0.012) such that childhood trauma predicted greater IL-6 increases but only among adults lower in cognitive reappraisal (B = 0.006, p = 0.007). There were no main or moderation effects of expressive suppression (ps > 0.05). Cognitive reappraisal may attenuate IL-6 changes over time and may moderate the prospective association between childhood trauma and systemic inflammation in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna L. Marsland
- Department of Psychology, Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter J. Gianaros
- Department of Psychology, Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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112
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Zarchev M, Kamperman AM, El Marroun H, Bloemendaal A, Mulder CL, Hoogendijk WJG, Grootendorst-van Mil NH. Timing and type of adverse life events: Impact on substance use among high-risk adolescents. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37519039 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942300086x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
A robust association has been reported between childhood adverse life events (ALEs) and risky substance use in adolescence. It remains unclear, however, what the impact of type and timing of these ALEs is. We investigated the association between ALEs and substance use in adolescents. ALEs were operationalized as broad (e.g., moving, parental divorce, family sickness) or physically threatening (physical and/or sexual abuse). First, we examined lifetime ALEs, followed by an investigation into their timing. The sample consisted of 909 adolescents (aged 12-18 years) from a cohort oversampled on high levels of emotional and behavioral problems. The primary caregiver indicated which ALEs each adolescent experienced across their lifetime. Adolescents self-reported on number and frequency of substances used. Poisson and ordinal regression models were used to model the associations. The associations between lifetime ALEs and a substance used were observed only for physical ALEs (incidence rate ratio 1.18 [1.03, 1.35], p = 0.02). When investigating timing, physical ALEs after the age of 12 predicted number of substances used (IRR 1.36 [1.13, 1.63], p < .001). Recent ALEs (occurring after age 12) seem to have considerable impact on substance use. Alcohol and drugs as a coping mechanism were considered a plausible explanation for the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Zarchev
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid M Kamperman
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Epidemiological and Social Psychiatric Research Institute (ESPRi), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanan El Marroun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony Bloemendaal
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Dual Disorder Treatment Centre, Fivoor, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis L Mulder
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Epidemiological and Social Psychiatric Research Institute (ESPRi), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Witte J G Hoogendijk
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nina H Grootendorst-van Mil
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Epidemiological and Social Psychiatric Research Institute (ESPRi), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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113
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Panisch LS, Murphy HR, Wu Q, Brunner JL, Duberstein ZT, Arnold MS, Best M, Barrett ES, Miller RK, Qiu X, O’Connor TG. Adverse Childhood Experiences Predict Diurnal Cortisol Throughout Gestation. Psychosom Med 2023; 85:507-516. [PMID: 37199406 PMCID: PMC10524578 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with negative prenatal and perinatal health outcomes and may, via these pathways, have intergenerational effects on child health and development. We examine the impact of ACEs on maternal salivary cortisol, a key measure of prenatal biology previously linked with pregnancy-related health outcomes. METHODS Leveraging assessments across three trimesters, we used linear mixed-effects models to analyze the influence of ACEs on maternal prenatal diurnal cortisol patterns in a diverse cohort of pregnant women (analytic sample, n = 207). Covariates included comorbid prenatal depression, psychiatric medications, and sociodemographic factors. RESULTS Maternal ACEs were significantly associated with flatter diurnal cortisol slopes (i.e., less steep decline), after adjusting for covariates, with effects consistent across gestation (estimate = 0.15, standard error = 0.06, p = .008). CONCLUSIONS ACEs experienced before pregnancy may have a robust and lasting influence on maternal prenatal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity throughout gestation, a key biological marker associated with perinatal and child health outcomes. The findings suggest one route of intergenerational transmission of early adverse experiences and underscore the potential value of assessing prepregnancy adverse experiences for promoting perinatal and maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S. Panisch
- Wayne State University School of Social Work, 5447 Woodward Ave., Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Hannah R. Murphy
- Translational Biomedical Science, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
- Wynne Center for Family Research, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Qiuyi Wu
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Saunders Research Building, 265 Crittenden Blvd., Box 630, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Jessica L. Brunner
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Zoe T. Duberstein
- Wynne Center for Family Research, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
- Psychology, University of Rochester, Meliora Hall, P.O. Box 270266, Rochester, New York, 14627, USA
| | - Molly S. Arnold
- Wynne Center for Family Research, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
- Psychology, University of Rochester, Meliora Hall, P.O. Box 270266, Rochester, New York, 14627, USA
| | - Meghan Best
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Emily S. Barrett
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Richard K. Miller
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Xing Qiu
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Saunders Research Building, 265 Crittenden Blvd., Box 630, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Thomas G. O’Connor
- Wynne Center for Family Research, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
- Psychology, University of Rochester, Meliora Hall, P.O. Box 270266, Rochester, New York, 14627, USA
- Neuroscience, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 603, KMRB G.9602, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
- Psychiatry, University of Rochester, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
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114
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Vannucci A, Fields A, Hansen E, Katz A, Kerwin J, Tachida A, Martin N, Tottenham N. Interpersonal early adversity demonstrates dissimilarity from early socioeconomic disadvantage in the course of human brain development: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105210. [PMID: 37141961 PMCID: PMC10247458 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been established that early-life adversity impacts brain development, but the role of development itself has largely been ignored. We take a developmentally-sensitive approach to examine the neurodevelopmental sequelae of early adversity in a preregistered meta-analysis of 27,234 youth (birth to 18-years-old), providing the largest group of adversity-exposed youth to date. Findings demonstrate that early-life adversity does not have an ontogenetically uniform impact on brain volumes, but instead exhibits age-, experience-, and region-specific associations. Relative to non-exposed comparisons, interpersonal early adversity (e.g., family-based maltreatment) was associated with initially larger volumes in frontolimbic regions until ∼10-years-old, after which these exposures were linked to increasingly smaller volumes. By contrast, socioeconomic disadvantage (e.g., poverty) was associated with smaller volumes in temporal-limbic regions in childhood, which were attenuated at older ages. These findings advance ongoing debates regarding why, when, and how early-life adversity shapes later neural outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vannucci
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Andrea Fields
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Eleanor Hansen
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ariel Katz
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - John Kerwin
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ayumi Tachida
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nathan Martin
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nim Tottenham
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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115
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Mposhi A, Turner JD. How can early life adversity still exert an effect decades later? A question of timing, tissues and mechanisms. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1215544. [PMID: 37457711 PMCID: PMC10348484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1215544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to any number of stressors during the first 1000 days from conception to age 2 years is important in shaping an individual's life trajectory of health and disease. Despite the expanding range of stressors as well as later-life phenotypes and outcomes, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Our previous data strongly suggests that early-life exposure to a stressor reduces the capacity of the immune system to generate subsequent generations of naïve cells, while others have shown that, early life stress impairs the capacity of neuronal stem cells to proliferate as they age. This leads us to the "stem cell hypothesis" whereby exposure to adversity during a sensitive period acts through a common mechanism in all the cell types by programming the tissue resident progenitor cells. Furthermore, we review the mechanistic differences observed in fully differentiated cells and suggest that early life adversity (ELA) may alter mitochondria in stem cells. This may consequently alter the destiny of these cells, producing the lifelong "supply" of functionally altered fully differentiated cells.
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116
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Torrecilla P, Barrantes-Vidal N. The moderating role of hair cortisol in the association of early and recent stress with stress-related phenotypes. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1150142. [PMID: 37416538 PMCID: PMC10320289 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1150142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIncreased hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) have been found in clinical samples of schizophrenia, first episode psychosis and clinical risk for psychosis, but evidence of such is scarce in schizotypy. High HCC are supposed to reflect elevated chronic stress. However, HCC were not directly associated with adversity measures and stress-related phenotypes in previous research. This study tested whether HCC moderated the association between a comprehensive range of psychosocial stressors with several stress-related phenotypes in a sample of nonclinical young adults. It was expected that stressors, either distal (i.e., early-life) or recent, would be associated with subclinical features, particularly for those with elevated HCC, reflecting the effects of a potential biological sensitization to stress.MethodsThe sample comprised 132 nonclinical young adults belonging to the Barcelona Longitudinal Investigation of Schizotypy Study (BLISS). Participants completed a questionnaire of childhood adversity and two complementary measures of recent life events, tapping threatening vs. more general life events. Both the frequency and subjective impact (positive vs. negative) of general life events were also assessed. Psychotic (i.e., schizotypy, suspiciousness) and non-psychotic (i.e., depression, anxiety) subclinical features as well as appraisals of perceived stress were examined. Hierarchical linear regressions and simple slope analyses were computed.ResultsHCC moderated the effects of both early and recent stress on suspiciousness as well as the effects of recent life events on perceived stress, such that those with higher HCC presented increased suspiciousness and perceived stress at higher levels of stress exposure. Positive, but not negative, recent life events were associated with decreased perceived stress and depression, and these associations were moderated by low HCC, indicating a buffering effect for those with a non-impaired HPA axis.ConclusionIn line with the neural diathesis-stress model, results highlight the role of the interplay between the HPA axis and exposure to stressful experiences in exacerbating psychosis features and extend evidence to the nonclinical expression of the psychosis continuum. In addition, findings support the protective effect of positive experiences in decreasing stress appraisals and affective disturbances, which is consistent with emerging research about the relevance of positive factors in reducing the likelihood of psychopathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Torrecilla
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Facultat de Psicologia, Edifici B, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Barrantes-Vidal
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Facultat de Psicologia, Edifici B, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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117
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David OA, Fodor LA. Preventing mental illness in children that experienced maltreatment the efficacy of REThink online therapeutic game. NPJ Digit Med 2023; 6:106. [PMID: 37277525 PMCID: PMC10240463 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to child maltreatment (CM) is considered to predispose children to devastating consequences in terms of mental health. Thus, it is a public health priority to provide these children with early preventive interventions that are accessible on a large scale, adapted to their needs, and effective in supporting their mental health. Here we report a randomized control trial to test the efficacy of the REThink online therapeutic game, as compared with a Care as Usual (CAU) control group in the prevention of mental illness in maltreated children. Out of 439 children aged 8-12 that were recruited, 294 children with self-reported maltreatment histories were included in the current study, and were allocated, 146 participants in the REThink group and 148 participants in the CAU group. All children completed pre- and post-intervention assessments measuring mental health, emotion regulation, and irrational cognitions. We also tested potential moderators for these effects, such as the severity of CM and the security of parent attachment. Our results show that children receiving the REThink game intervention outperform the CAU group at post-test, showing a significantly lower level of emotional problems, mental health difficulties, use of maladaptive emotion-regulation strategies such as catastrophizing, rumination, and self-blame, and irrational cognitions. Moreover, children with higher CM severity benefit the most from the REThink game, while children with lower parent attachment security benefit the least. Future research is needed, to investigate the long-term efficacy of the REThink game in promoting the mental health of children exposed to CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana A David
- DATA Lab, International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Liviu A Fodor
- DATA Lab, International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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118
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Brieant A, Vannucci A, Nakua H, Harris J, Lovell J, Brundavanam D, Tottenham N, Gee DG. Characterizing the dimensional structure of early-life adversity in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 61:101256. [PMID: 37210754 PMCID: PMC10209808 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life adversity has profound consequences for youth neurodevelopment and adjustment; however, experiences of adversity are heterogeneous and interrelated in complex ways that can be difficult to operationalize and organize in developmental research. We sought to characterize the underlying dimensional structure of co-occurring adverse experiences among a subset of youth (ages 9-10) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 7115), a community sample of youth in the United States. We identified 60 environmental and experiential variables that reflect adverse experiences. Exploratory factor analysis identified 10 robust dimensions of early-life adversity co-occurrence, corresponding to conceptual domains such as caregiver substance use and biological caregiver separation, caregiver psychopathology, caregiver lack of support, and socioeconomic disadvantage / neighborhood lack of safety. These dimensions demonstrated distinct associations with internalizing problems, externalizing problems, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control. Non-metric multidimensional scaling characterized qualitative similarity among the 10 identified dimensions. Results supported a nonlinear three-dimensional structure representing early-life adversity, including continuous gradients of "perspective", "environmental uncertainty", and "acts of omission/commission". Our findings suggest that there are distinct dimensions of early-life adversity co-occurrence in the ABCD sample at baseline, and the resulting dimensions may have unique implications for neurodevelopment and youth behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hajer Nakua
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jenny Harris
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Jack Lovell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, USA; Institute for Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, USA
| | - Divya Brundavanam
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | | | - Dylan G Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, USA
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119
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Antoniou G, Lambourg E, Steele JD, Colvin LA. The effect of adverse childhood experiences on chronic pain and major depression in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth 2023; 130:729-746. [PMID: 37087334 PMCID: PMC10251130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences have been linked to increased multimorbidity, with physical and mental health consequences throughout life. Chronic pain is often associated with mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD); both have been linked to adverse childhood experiences. It is unclear how the effect of adverse childhood experiences on neural processing impacts on vulnerability to chronic pain, MDD, or both, and whether there are shared mechanisms. We aimed to assess evidence for central neural changes associated with adverse childhood experiences in subjects with chronic pain, MDD, or both using systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Electronic databases were systematically searched for neuroimaging studies of adverse childhood experiences, with chronic pain, MDD, or both. Two independent reviewers screened title, abstracts, and full text, and assessed quality. After extraction of neuroimaging data, activation likelihood estimate meta-analysis was performed to identify significant brain regions associated with these comorbidities. RESULTS Forty-nine of 2414 studies were eligible, of which 43 investigated adverse childhood experiences and MDD and six investigated adverse childhood experiences and chronic pain. None investigated adverse childhood experiences, chronic pain, and MDD together. Functional and structural brain abnormalities were identified in the superior frontal, lingual gyrus, hippocampus, insula, putamen, superior temporal, inferior temporal gyrus, and anterior cerebellum in patients with MDD exposed to adverse childhood experiences. In addition, brain function abnormalities were identified for patients with MDD or chronic pain and exposure to adverse childhood experiences in the cingulate gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, and precuneus in task-based functional MRI studies. CONCLUSIONS We found that adverse childhood experiences exposure can result in different functional and structural brain alterations in adults with MDD or chronic pain compared with those without adverse childhood experiences. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROTOCOL PROSPERO CRD42021233989.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Antoniou
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| | - Emilie Lambourg
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - J Douglas Steele
- Division of Imaging Science and Technology, Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Lesley A Colvin
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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120
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Davis MM, Surabhi DM, Telzer EH, Rudolph KD. Risk for Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents with a History of Adversity: Unique Role of Stress Appraisals. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01538-5. [PMID: 37233840 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lifetime social adversity predicts elevated depressive symptoms in adolescence. However, most adversity-exposed youth do not develop depression, highlighting the importance of examining risk and protective factors. The present study leveraged a multi-method approach, incorporating self-report, interview, and independent coding to examine whether appraisals of recent stressors moderate the effect of social adversity on depressive symptoms in 81 adolescent girls (Mage = 16.30 years, SD = .85). We utilized semi-structured interviews of lifetime adversity and recent stressors and semi-structured interviews and self-reports of depressive symptoms. Stress appraisals were calculated by regressing youths' subjective estimations of event stressfulness and dependence on estimations of independent coders. Lifetime social adversity predicted elevated depressive symptoms more strongly in girls who appraised interpersonal events as more stressful and dependent on their actions, providing insight into individual differences in depressive symptoms in adversity-exposed adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Davis
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Street, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Divya M Surabhi
- University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, 1853 W. Polk Street, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Street, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Karen D Rudolph
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 606 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL, USA
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121
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Diestel AJ, Price M, Hidalgo JE, Contractor AA, Grasso DJ. Linkages Between Childhood Maltreatment, Intimate Partner Violence, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Pregnant Hispanic Women: A Network Analysis. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2023; 28:243-253. [PMID: 35465753 DOI: 10.1177/10775595221092948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant Hispanic women are at increased risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in part due to greater risk of childhood maltreatment, intimate partner violence (IPV), and pregnancy-related vulnerabilities. However, PTSD, is a highly heterogenous diagnosis with numerous presentations. Individual PTSD symptoms may be differentially associated with specific types of maltreatment, IPV. Determining how IPV exposure across the lifespan is associated with specific symptoms of PTSD in pregnant Hispanic women is necessary to develop group-relevant models of this disorder and targeted interventions. The present study examined a network model of PTSD symptoms, childhood maltreatment, and adulthood IPV in a sample of pregnant Hispanic women (N = 198). Childhood emotional abuse and adulthood psychological distress had the highest bridge centrality. These types of exposures were most strongly associated with social isolation. Childhood emotional abuse was associated with more individual PTSD symptoms than any IPV type. These findings suggest that associations between PTSD symptoms and different types of IPV exposure vary. In addition, robust associations between childhood emotional abuse and PTSD symptoms suggest that this domain may be particularly important for the clinical assessment and intervention for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel J Diestel
- Department of Psychological Science, Center for Research on Emotion, Stress, and Technology, 2092University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Matthew Price
- Department of Psychological Science, Center for Research on Emotion, Stress, and Technology, 2092University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Johanna E Hidalgo
- Department of Psychological Science, Center for Research on Emotion, Stress, and Technology, 2092University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Ateka A Contractor
- Department of Psychology, 3404University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Damion J Grasso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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Husky MM, Sadikova E, Lee S, Alonso J, Auerbach RP, Bantjes J, Bruffaerts R, Cuijpers P, Ebert DD, Garcia RG, Hasking P, Mak A, McLafferty M, Sampson NA, Stein DJ, Kessler RC. Childhood adversities and mental disorders in first-year college students: results from the World Mental Health International College Student Initiative. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2963-2973. [PMID: 37449483 PMCID: PMC10349206 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721004980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates associations of several dimensions of childhood adversities (CAs) with lifetime mental disorders, 12-month disorder persistence, and impairment among incoming college students. METHODS Data come from the World Mental Health International College Student Initiative (WMH-ICS). Web-based surveys conducted in nine countries (n = 20 427) assessed lifetime and 12-month mental disorders, 12-month role impairment, and seven types of CAs occurring before the age of 18: parental psychopathology, emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, neglect, bullying victimization, and dating violence. Poisson regressions estimated associations using three dimensions of CA exposure: type, number, and frequency. RESULTS Overall, 75.8% of students reported exposure to at least one CA. In multivariate regression models, lifetime onset and 12-month mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders were all associated with either the type, number, or frequency of CAs. In contrast, none of these associations was significant when predicting disorder persistence. Of the three CA dimensions examined, only frequency was associated with severe role impairment among students with 12-month disorders. Population-attributable risk simulations suggest that 18.7-57.5% of 12-month disorders and 16.3% of severe role impairment among those with disorders were associated with these CAs. CONCLUSION CAs are associated with an elevated risk of onset and impairment among 12-month cases of diverse mental disorders but are not involved in disorder persistence. Future research on the associations of CAs with psychopathology should include fine-grained assessments of CA exposure and attempt to trace out modifiable intervention targets linked to mechanisms of associations with lifetime psychopathology and burden of 12-month mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde M. Husky
- Laboratoire de Psychologie EA4139, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ekaterina Sadikova
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, US
| | - Sue Lee
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF); and CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Randy P. Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jason Bantjes
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David D. Ebert
- Department for Sport and Health Sciences, Chair for Psychology & Digital Mental Health Care, Technical University Munich, Germany
| | - Raùl Gutiérrez Garcia
- Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, De La Salle Bajio University, Salamanca, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Penelope Hasking
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Arthur Mak
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Nancy A. Sampson
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health and South African Medical Council Research Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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123
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Lee AH, Mirhashem R, Bernard K, Dozier M. Prospective Associations Between Early Childhood Intimate Partner Violence Exposure and Middle Childhood Internalizing and Externalizing Psychopathology. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2023; 28:232-242. [PMID: 35531985 DOI: 10.1177/10775595221100722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Co-occurring adversities are common for young children with child protective services (CPS) involvement, with high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure in this population. Despite extensive research linking childhood IPV exposure to later psychopathology, fewer studies have examined the prospective associations between IPV exposure and psychopathology using a dimensional approach. Here, we conducted secondary analyses of data from a randomized controlled trial of a parenting intervention for CPS-involved children, examining the associations between early childhood IPV exposure (i.e., threat), co-occurring deprivation, and middle childhood internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Adversity variables were coded from data collected when children were infants (N = 249, Mage = 7.97 months) through 48-month assessments; internalizing and externalizing psychopathology were modeled as latent variables reflecting the mean of data from yearly assessments between ages 8 to 10. Results of our structural equation model demonstrated that, accounting for the effects of co-occurring deprivation, IPV exposure was significantly associated with both internalizing, β = .38, p = .001, and externalizing, β = .26, p = .019, symptoms. Results suggest links between early childhood IPV exposure (i.e., threat) and later psychopathology. Findings support screening and intervention efforts to mitigate the developmental sequelae of IPV exposure among CPS-involved children.
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124
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Cheng P, Langevin R. Difficulties with emotion regulation moderate the relationship between child maltreatment and emotion recognition. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 139:106094. [PMID: 36796165 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion regulation (ER) and emotion recognition (ERC) deficits are frequently observed in the sequelae of child maltreatment (CM). Despite a wealth of research on emotional functioning, these emotional processes are often presented as independent but related functions. As such, there is currently no theoretical framework on how different components of emotional competence, such as ER and ERC, may be related to one another. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to empirically assess the relationship between ER and ERC by examining the moderating role of ER in the relationship between CM and ERC. A secondary objective is to explore whether unique CM subtypes, recognition of specific emotions, and ER dimensions are driving this relationship. METHODS A sample of 413 emerging adults (18-25 years) completed an online survey (CM history, ER difficulties) and an ERC task. RESULTS Moderation analysis indicated that in emerging adults with ER difficulties, as CM increased, the accuracy for negative emotions decreased (B = -0.02, SE = 0.01, t = -2.50, p = .01). Exploratory analyses revealed that most CM subtypes (sexual abuse, emotional maltreatment, and exposure to domestic violence) significantly interacted with two ER dimensions (difficulty with impulsivity and limited access to ER strategies) and was associated with disgust, but not sadness, fear, nor anger recognition. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence for ERC impairment in emerging adults with more CM experiences and ER difficulties. The interplay between ER and ERC is important to consider in the study and treatment of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly Cheng
- McGill University, Educational and Counselling Psychology, Canada.
| | - Rachel Langevin
- McGill University, Educational and Counselling Psychology, Canada.
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125
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Cohodes EM, McCauley S, Pierre JC, Hodges HR, Haberman JT, Santiuste I, Rogers MK, Wang J, Mandell JD, Gee DG. Development and validation of the Dimensional Inventory of Stress and Trauma Across the Lifespan (DISTAL): A novel assessment tool to facilitate the dimensional study of psychobiological sequelae of exposure to adversity. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22372. [PMID: 37073593 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research underscore the profound impact of adversity on brain and behavioral development. Recent theoretical models have highlighted the importance of considering specific features of adversity that may have dissociable effects at distinct developmental timepoints. However, existing measures do not query these dimensions in sufficient detail to support the proliferation of this approach. The Dimensional Inventory of Stress and Trauma Across the Lifespan (DISTAL) was developed with the aim to thoroughly and retrospectively assess the timing, severity (of exposure and reaction), type, persons involved, controllability, predictability, threat, deprivation, proximity, betrayal, and discrimination inherent in an individual's exposure to adversity. Here, we introduce this instrument, present descriptive statistics drawn from a sample of N = 187 adults who completed the DISTAL, and provide initial information about its psychometric properties. This novel measure facilitates the expansion of research focused on assessing the relative impact of exposure to key dimensions of adversity on the brain and behavior across development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Cohodes
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sarah McCauley
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jasmyne C Pierre
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - H R Hodges
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jason T Haberman
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Isabel Santiuste
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marisa K Rogers
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jenny Wang
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Mandell
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dylan G Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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126
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Yoon S, Pei F, Logan J, Helsabeck N, Hamby S, Slesnick N. Early childhood maltreatment and profiles of resilience among child welfare-involved children. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:711-723. [PMID: 35129106 PMCID: PMC9357229 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Given the high burden of child maltreatment, there is an urgent need to know more about resilient functioning among those who have experienced maltreatment. The aims of the study were to: 1) identify distinct profiles of resilience across cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and social domains in young children involved in the child welfare system; and 2) examine maltreatment characteristics and family protective factors in relation to the identified resilience profiles. A secondary analysis was conducted using data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW-II). Latent profile analysis was performed on a sample of 827 children aged 3-5 years (46% girls, Mean age = 3.96). Three distinct resilience profiles were identified: 1) low cognitive resilience (24%); 2) low emotional and behavioral resilience (20%); and 3) multidomain resilience (56%). Caregiver cognitive stimulation, no out-of-home placement, higher caregiver education level, older child age, and being a girl were associated with the multidomain resilience profile. The findings provide empirical support for the multifaceted nature of resilience and suggest that practitioners need to help children achieve optimal and balanced development by assessing, identifying, and targeting those domains in which children struggle to obtain competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Fei Pei
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- School of Social Work, Falk College, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Logan
- Quantitative Research, Evaluation and Measurement, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nathan Helsabeck
- Quantitative Research, Evaluation and Measurement, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sherry Hamby
- Department of Psychology, The University of the South, Sewanee, TN, USA
- Life Paths Research Center, Sewanee, TN, USA
| | - Natasha Slesnick
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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127
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Rivera KM, Doom JR. The role of neighborhood collective efficacy in moderating associations between adversity and internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 51:1736-1755. [PMID: 36301307 PMCID: PMC10081939 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Neighborhood collective efficacy is associated with lower internalizing and externalizing problems. There is evidence that neighborhood factors may moderate associations between child adversity and behavior problems (e.g., Riina et al., 2014). There is a limited understanding of whether neighborhood collective efficacy moderates the associations between adversity (threat/deprivation) and internalizing and externalizing problems. Our study tested these associations in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 2666). Parental disengagement (deprivation) and parental harshness (threat) severity scores from ages 1-9 years were calculated by using caregiver report. Neighborhood collective efficacy, including its components informal social control and social cohesion, was reported at age 9. Internalizing and externalizing problems were reported at age 15. The lowest level of internalizing problems was reported for adolescents living in neighborhoods with high neighborhood collective efficacy who also experienced low parental disengagement. Among adolescents who lived in neighborhoods with high neighborhood collective efficacy or high informal social control at age 9, higher parental disengagement was associated with higher externalizing problems at 15. Further research is needed to understand complex associations between adversity, neighborhood collective efficacy, and adolescent behavior problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenia M Rivera
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jenalee R Doom
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
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128
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King'uyu DN, Edgar EL, Figueroa C, Kirkland JM, Kopec AM. Morphine exposure during adolescence induces enduring social changes dependent on adolescent stage of exposure, sex, and social test. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.21.537856. [PMID: 37131669 PMCID: PMC10153224 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.21.537856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Drug exposure during adolescence, when the 'reward' circuitry of the brain is developing, can permanently impact reward-related behavior. Epidemiological studies show that opioid treatment during adolescence, such as pain management for a dental procedure or surgery, increases the incidence of psychiatric illness including substance use disorders. Moreover, the opioid epidemic currently in the United States is affecting younger individuals raising the impetus to understand the pathogenesis of the negative effects of opioids. One reward-related behavior that develops during adolescence is social behavior. We previously demonstrated that social development occurs in rats during sex-specific adolescent periods: early to mid-adolescence in males (postnatal day (P)30-40) and pre-early adolescence in females (P20-30). We thus hypothesized that morphine exposure during the female critical period would result in adult sociability deficits in females, but not males, and morphine administered during the male critical period would result in adult sociability deficits in males, but not females. We found that morphine exposure during the female critical period primarily resulted in deficits in sociability in females, while morphine exposure during the male critical period primarily resulted in deficits in sociability primarily in males. However, depending on the test performed and the social parameter measured, social alterations could be found in both sexes that received morphine exposure at either adolescent stage. These data indicate that when drug exposure occurs during adolescence, and how the endpoint data are measured, will play a large role in determining the effects of drug exposures on social development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N King'uyu
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College
| | - Erin L Edgar
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College
| | - Christopher Figueroa
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College
| | - J M Kirkland
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College
| | - Ashley M Kopec
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College
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129
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Lee H, Park A. The Influence of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Suicidal Behaviors in South Korea: The Mediating Effects of Depressive Symptoms and Latent Class Analysis. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023:8862605231162658. [PMID: 37057336 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231162658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between patterns of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and suicidal behaviors. It investigates the role of depressive symptoms as an underlying mechanism between patterns of ACEs and suicidal behaviors in South Korea. Data came from the 2012 Korean General Social Survey (KGSS), a nationally representative sample in South Korea (N = 1,048). The dependent variables included two suicidal behaviors: suicidal thoughts and a suicide plan or attempt. The independent variable was the patterns of ACEs identified using ten binary indicators of childhood adversity. The mediating variable of depressive symptoms was measured using the Korean version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Covariates were also included to control for socio-demographic characteristics: age, gender, education, and household income. This study conducted a latent class analysis (LCA) to classify different patterns of ACEs and then employed path analysis to examine mediating effects of depressive symptoms in the relationship between ACEs and suicidal behavior. Among the results, three latent classes of ACEs were identified-child maltreatment, child maltreatment and family dysfunction, and low ACEs. The child maltreatment and child maltreatment and family dysfunction classes were more likely to have suicidal thoughts and to plan or attempt suicide compared to the low ACEs class. Path analysis also showed significant indirect pathways from ACEs exposure to suicidal behaviors through depressive symptoms. This evidence corroborates previous research that shows family dysfunction and child maltreatment as detrimental factors leading to depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors. Practitioners and policy-makers should therefore consider childhood life experiences when assessing suicidal behaviors in health prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haenim Lee
- Dongguk University, Jung-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aely Park
- Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
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130
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Thomas JL, Colich NL, McLaughlin KA, Sumner JA. Dimensions of Early Adversity and Sexual Behavior in a US Population-Based Adolescent Sample. J Adolesc Health 2023; 72:560-567. [PMID: 36529620 PMCID: PMC11107430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early life adversity (ELA) is associated with sexual risk, but ELA dimensions-and potential mechanisms-have been less examined. We evaluated associations between threat and deprivation-two key ELA dimensions-and sexual behaviors in adolescents. Secondary analyses investigated age at menarche as a mechanism linking ELA with sexual outcomes in girls. We predicted associations between threat and sexual behaviors, with younger age at menarche as a pathway. METHODS Data were from the National Comorbidity Survey, Adolescent Supplement. Adolescents and caregivers reported on youths' ELA experiences, which were categorized as threat- or deprivation-related. Adolescents reported if they engaged in sex (N = 9,937) and on specific sexual risk indicators, including age at first sex, number of past-year sexual partners, and condom use consistency ("always" vs. "not always" used). Girls reported age at menarche. RESULTS Threat (odds ratio [OR] = 1.76 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.62-1.92]) and deprivation (OR = 1.51 [95% CI, 1.24-1.83]) were each linked with engagement in sex, ps<.05. Threat-related experiences were associated with multiple sexual risk markers, even when accounting for deprivation: earlier age at first sex (b = -0.20 [95% CI, -0.27 to 0.13]), greater number of partners (b = 0.17 [95% CI, 0.10-0.25]), and inconsistent condom use (OR = 0.72 [95% CI, 0.64-0.80]), ps <.001. Deprivation was not associated with sexual risk when adjusting for threat. We observed no significant indirect effects through age at menarche. DISCUSSION Although threat and deprivation were related to engagement in sexual activity, threat-related experiences were uniquely associated with sexual risk. Screening for threat-related ELA may identify adolescents at-risk for poor sexual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Thomas
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California.
| | - Natalie L Colich
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jennifer A Sumner
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
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131
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Sosnowski DW, Rojo-Wissar DM, Smail EJ, Musci RJ, Wilcox HC, Johnson SB. Expanding on Threat and Deprivation: Empirical Examination of Adversity Dimensions and Psychiatric Outcomes Among Emerging Adults. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2023; 11:431-443. [PMID: 36969950 PMCID: PMC10038124 DOI: 10.1177/21676968221114260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Dimensional models of adversity, whereby experiences lie along dimensions of threat and deprivation, are increasingly popular; however, their empirical validation is limited. In a sample of emerging adults (N=1,662; M age =20.72; 53% female; 72% Black), we conducted exploratory factor analyses using adversities derived from items probing family relationships and a validated assessment of traumatic events. Resulting factors were used to test associations with odds of lifetime diagnosis of a substance use disorder, other mental health disorders, and suicide attempt. Results supported a four-factor solution: threat (non-betrayal), emotional deprivation, sexual assault, and threat (betrayal). Threat (betrayal) summary scores were most strongly associated with increased odds of substance use and other disorders, whereas sexual assault was most strongly associated increased odds of lifetime suicide attempt. Findings provide some empirical support for categorizing adversity along dimensions of threat and deprivation. However, it also suggests the possibility of further divisions within these dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Sosnowski
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | | | - Emily J Smail
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Rashelle J Musci
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Holly C Wilcox
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Sara B Johnson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
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132
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de Vries TR, Arends I, Oldehinkel AJ, Bültmann U. Associations between type of childhood adversities and labour market participation and employment conditions in young adults. J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 77:230-236. [PMID: 36805940 PMCID: PMC10086506 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-219574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cumulative exposure to childhood adversity is associated with a variety of labour market outcomes in young adulthood. It remains largely unclear whether the type of adversity matters in this association. This prospective study examined the differences in exposure to 14 adverse experiences among groups of young adults aged 22 characterised by distinct labour market participation states and employment conditions. METHODS We used data from the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey, a Dutch prospective cohort study with 15 years of follow-up (N=1524). We included 14 adverse experiences (ages 0-16) across five domains: peer influences, loss or threat of loss, material deprivation, family dynamics and maltreatment. Labour market participation states and employment conditions were assessed at age 22. We used latent class analysis to derive labour market outcome groups, which we subsequently compared on exposure to adverse experiences using pairwise comparisons. RESULTS Inactive individuals (n=85, 5.6%), often neither in education (77.4%) nor employment (98.6%) and on benefits (94.4%), were more likely to be exposed to many distinct types of adverse experiences (eg, parental addiction, bullying victimisation) as compared with all other groups. Early workers (n=413, 27.1%), often on temporary contracts and low monthly incomes, were more likely to be exposed to parental divorce (22.7%) compared with students with side jobs (12.9%). CONCLUSIONS Different adverse experiences are not equally associated with labour market outcomes. Researchers and stakeholders in policy and practice should be aware of the differences between adverse experiences in their importance for labour market outcomes in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjeerd Rudmer de Vries
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Arends
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Arbo Unie BV, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ute Bültmann
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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133
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Draper CE, Cook CJ, Howard SJ, Makaula H, Merkley R, Mshudulu M, Tshetu N, Scerif G. Caregiver perspectives of risk and protective factors influencing early childhood development in low‐income, urban settings: A social ecological perspective. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Draper
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Caylee J. Cook
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Steven J. Howard
- Early Start and School of Education University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia
| | - Hleliwe Makaula
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Rebecca Merkley
- Department of Cognitive Science Carleton University Ottawa Canada
| | - Mbulelo Mshudulu
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Nosibusiso Tshetu
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Gaia Scerif
- Department of Experimental Psychology University of Oxford Oxford UK
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Ayyash S, Sunderji A, Gallant HD, Hall A, Davis AD, Pokhvisneva I, Meaney MJ, Silveira PP, Sassi RB, Hall GB. Examining resting-state network connectivity in children exposed to perinatal maternal adversity using anatomically weighted functional connectivity (awFC) analyses; A preliminary report. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1066373. [PMID: 37008220 PMCID: PMC10060836 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1066373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionEnvironmental perturbations during critical periods can have pervasive, organizational effects on neurodevelopment. To date, the literature examining the long-term impact of early life adversity has largely investigated structural and functional imaging data outcomes independently. However, emerging research points to a relationship between functional connectivity and the brain’s underlying structural architecture. For instance, functional connectivity can be mediated by the presence of direct or indirect anatomical pathways. Such evidence warrants the use of structural and functional imaging in tandem to study network maturation. Accordingly, this study examines the impact of poor maternal mental health and socioeconomic context during the perinatal period on network connectivity in middle childhood using an anatomically weighted functional connectivity (awFC) approach. awFC is a statistical model that identifies neural networks by incorporating information from both structural and functional imaging data.MethodsResting-state fMRI and DTI scans were acquired from children aged 7–9 years old.ResultsOur results indicate that maternal adversity during the perinatal period can affect offspring’s resting-state network connectivity during middle childhood. Specifically, in comparison to controls, children of mothers who had poor perinatal maternal mental health and/or low socioeconomic status exhibited greater awFC in the ventral attention network.DiscussionThese group differences were discussed in terms of the role this network plays in attention processing and maturational changes that may accompany the consolidation of a more adult-like functional cortical organization. Furthermore, our results suggest that there is value in using an awFC approach as it may be more sensitive in highlighting connectivity differences in developmental networks associated with higher-order cognitive and emotional processing, as compared to stand-alone FC or SC analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondos Ayyash
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Aleeza Sunderji
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Heather D. Gallant
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander Hall
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew D. Davis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Irina Pokhvisneva
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael J. Meaney
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences and Brain – Body Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patricia Pelufo Silveira
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Roberto B. Sassi
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Geoffrey B. Hall
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Geoffrey B. Hall,
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135
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Petrican R, Fornito A. Adolescent neurodevelopment and psychopathology: The interplay between adversity exposure and genetic risk for accelerated brain ageing. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101229. [PMID: 36947895 PMCID: PMC10041470 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In adulthood, stress exposure and genetic risk heighten psychological vulnerability by accelerating neurobiological senescence. To investigate whether molecular and brain network maturation processes play a similar role in adolescence, we analysed genetic, as well as longitudinal task neuroimaging (inhibitory control, incentive processing) and early life adversity (i.e., material deprivation, violence) data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study (N = 980, age range: 9-13 years). Genetic risk was estimated separately for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), two pathologies linked to stress exposure and allegedly sharing a causal connection (MDD-to-AD). Adversity and genetic risk for MDD/AD jointly predicted functional network segregation patterns suggestive of accelerated (GABA-linked) visual/attentional, but delayed (dopamine [D2]/glutamate [GLU5R]-linked) somatomotor/association system development. A positive relationship between brain maturation and psychopathology emerged only among the less vulnerable adolescents, thereby implying that normatively maladaptive neurodevelopmental alterations could foster adjustment among the more exposed and genetically more stress susceptible youths. Transcriptomic analyses suggested that sensitivity to stress may underpin the joint neurodevelopmental effect of adversity and genetic risk for MDD/AD, in line with the proposed role of negative emotionality as a precursor to AD, likely to account for the alleged causal impact of MDD on dementia onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Petrican
- Institute of Population Health, Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7ZA, United Kingdom.
| | - Alex Fornito
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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136
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Xiao W, Xu H, Yu W, Li S, Li R, Jin Z, Tao F, Wan Y. Comparison of adverse childhood experience analytic approaches and associations with emotional and behavioral problems: A nationwide study among Chinese middle school students. J Affect Disord 2023; 325:755-761. [PMID: 36682695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are demonstrated to be strongly associated with many health related problems, which have aroused extensive public attention. But the variety of analytic approaches of ACEs has limited researchers to differentiate those approaches across the outcomes. METHODS A total of 22,686 middle school students were surveyed, and their ACEs and health related behaviors were collected. Four different analytic approaches were used to compare the effects of ACEs on four outcomes (non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal ideation, depression and anxiety symptoms). Logistic regression models were applied to verify the associations of adversities and four outcomes. R2 and the areas under the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve were computed to compare the effects of four approaches. RESULTS It was suggested that four measures of ACEs were significantly associated with all the outcomes in both the unadjusted and adjusted models (Ps all <0.05). R2 and areas under ROC curve showed that the contributions of four analytical approaches to different outcomes were diverse in this study. ACEs were more impactive to girls than to boys. CONCLUSION ACEs are profound influencing factors of emotional and behavioral problems among middle school students. The selection of analytic approaches of ACEs depends on the need of research, and our study contributes to the choice of suitable analytic methods for future research of ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Xiao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Huiqiong Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Weiqiang Yu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Shuqin Li
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Zhengge Jin
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China.
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China; Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China.
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137
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Cisler JM, Tamman AJF, Fonzo GA. Diminished prospective mental representations of reward mediate reward learning strategies among youth with internalizing symptoms. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1-11. [PMID: 36878892 PMCID: PMC10600826 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent internalizing symptoms and trauma exposure have been linked with altered reward learning processes and decreased ventral striatal responses to rewarding cues. Recent computational work on decision-making highlights an important role for prospective representations of the imagined outcomes of different choices. This study tested whether internalizing symptoms and trauma exposure among youth impact the generation of prospective reward representations during decision-making and potentially mediate altered behavioral strategies during reward learning. METHODS Sixty-one adolescent females with varying exposure to interpersonal violence exposure (n = 31 with histories of physical or sexual assault) and severity of internalizing symptoms completed a social reward learning task during fMRI. Multivariate pattern analyses (MVPA) were used to decode neural reward representations at the time of choice. RESULTS MVPA demonstrated that rewarding outcomes could accurately be decoded within several large-scale distributed networks (e.g. frontoparietal and striatum networks), that these reward representations were reactivated prospectively at the time of choice in proportion to the expected probability of receiving reward, and that youth with behavioral strategies that favored exploiting high reward options demonstrated greater prospective generation of reward representations. Youth internalizing symptoms, but not trauma exposure characteristics, were negatively associated with both the behavioral strategy of exploiting high reward options as well as the prospective generation of reward representations in the striatum. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest diminished prospective mental simulation of reward as a mechanism of altered reward learning strategies among youth with internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh M. Cisler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, USA
- Institute for Early Life Adversity Research, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Amanda J. F. Tamman
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Greg A. Fonzo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, USA
- Institute for Early Life Adversity Research, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, USA
- Center for Psychedelic Research and Therapy, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, USA
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138
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Rakesh D, Allen NB, Whittle S. Longitudinal changes in within-salience network functional connectivity mediate the relationship between childhood abuse and neglect, and mental health during adolescence. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1552-1564. [PMID: 34429171 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721003135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of childhood maltreatment is vital given consistent links with poor mental health. Dimensional models of adversity purport that different types of adversity likely have distinct neurobiological consequences. Adolescence is a key developmental period, during which deviations from normative neurodevelopment may have particular relevance for mental health. However, longitudinal work examining links between different forms of maltreatment, neurodevelopment, and mental health is limited. METHODS In the present study, we explored associations between abuse, neglect, and longitudinal development of within-network functional connectivity of the salience (SN), default mode (DMN), and executive control network in 142 community residing adolescents. Resting-state fMRI data were acquired at age 16 (T1; M = 16.46 years, s.d. = 0.52, 66F) and 19 (T2; mean follow-up period: 2.35 years). Mental health data were also collected at T1 and T2. Childhood maltreatment history was assessed prior to T1. RESULTS Abuse and neglect were both found to be associated with increases in within-SN functional connectivity from age 16 to 19. Further, there were sex differences in the association between neglect and changes in within-DMN connectivity. Finally, increases in within-SN connectivity were found to mediate the association between abuse/neglect and lower problematic substance use and higher depressive symptoms at age 19. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that childhood maltreatment is associated with altered neurodevelopmental trajectories, and that changes in salience processing may be linked with risk and resilience for the development of depression and substance use problems during adolescence, respectively. Further work is needed to understand the distinct neurodevelopmental and mental health outcomes of abuse and neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyangana Rakesh
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Department of Psychology, The University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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139
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Iob E, Ajnakina O, Steptoe A. The interactive association of adverse childhood experiences and polygenic susceptibility with depressive symptoms and chronic inflammation in older adults: a prospective cohort study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1426-1436. [PMID: 37010219 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721003007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and genetic liability are important risk factors for depression and inflammation. However, little is known about the gene-environment (G × E) mechanisms underlying their aetiology. For the first time, we tested the independent and interactive associations of ACEs and polygenic scores of major depressive disorder (MDD-PGS) and C-reactive protein (CRP-PGS) with longitudinal trajectories of depression and chronic inflammation in older adults. METHODS Data were drawn from the English longitudinal study of ageing (N~3400). Retrospective information on ACEs was collected in wave3 (2006/07). We calculated a cumulative risk score of ACEs and also assessed distinct dimensions separately. Depressive symptoms were ascertained on eight occasions, from wave1 (2002/03) to wave8 (2016/17). CRP was measured in wave2 (2004/05), wave4 (2008/09), and wave6 (2012/13). The associations of the risk factors with group-based depressive-symptom trajectories and repeated exposure to high CRP (i.e. ⩾3 mg/L) were tested using multinomial and ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS All types of ACEs were independently associated with high depressive-symptom trajectories (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.30-1.60) and inflammation (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.07-1.09). The risk of high depressive-symptom trajectories (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.28-1.70) and inflammation (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.04) was also higher for participants with higher MDD-PGS. G×E analyses revealed that the associations between ACEs and depressive symptoms were larger among participants with higher MDD-PGS (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.23). ACEs were also more strongly related to inflammation in participants with higher CRP-PGS (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03). CONCLUSIONS ACEs and polygenic susceptibility were independently and interactively associated with elevated depressive symptoms and chronic inflammation, highlighting the clinical importance of assessing both ACEs and genetic risk factors to design more targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Iob
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Healthcare, University College London, London, UK
| | - Olesya Ajnakina
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Healthcare, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Healthcare, University College London, London, UK
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140
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Langevin R, Kern A, Esposito T, Hélie S. Homotypical and Heterotypical Intergenerational Continuity of Child Maltreatment: Evidence from a Cohort of Families Involved with Child Protection Services. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4151. [PMID: 36901161 PMCID: PMC10002053 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Child maltreatment (CM) in one generation can predict CM in the next generation, a concept known as intergenerational continuity. Yet, the form taken by the intergenerational continuity of CM remains unclear and fathers are mostly absent from this literature. This longitudinal study aimed to document patterns of intergenerational continuity of substantiated CM, on the maternal and paternal sides, by examining the presence of: homotypical CM, which is the same type of CM in both generations; and heterotypical CM, which is different CM types in both generations. The study included all children substantiated for CM with the Centre Jeunesse de Montréal between 1 January 2003, and 31 December 2020, with at least one parent who was also reported to that agency during their childhood (n = 5861 children). The cohort was extracted using clinical administrative data, and logistic regression models were tested with the children's CM types as the dependent variables. Homotypical continuity was found for: (1) physical abuse on the paternal side; (2) sexual abuse on the maternal side; and (3) exposure to domestic violence on the maternal side. Heterotypical continuity was also prevalent, but to a lesser extent. Interventions helping maltreated parents overcome their traumatic past are essential to foster intergenerational resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Langevin
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 Rue McTavish, Montréal, QC H3A 1Y2, Canada
| | - Audrey Kern
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 Rue McTavish, Montréal, QC H3A 1Y2, Canada
| | - Tonino Esposito
- School of Social Work, Université de Montréal, 3150 Rue Jean-Brillant, Montréal, QC H3T 1N8, Canada
| | - Sonia Hélie
- Institut Universitaire Jeunes en Difficulté, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, 1001 Boulevard de Maisonneuve Est, Montréal, QC H2L 4P9, Canada
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141
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Strauß H, Venables P, Zentner M. Associations between early childhood poverty and cognitive functioning throughout childhood and adolescence: A 14-year prospective longitudinal analysis of the Mauritius Child Health Project. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278618. [PMID: 36827363 PMCID: PMC9956590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Associations between childhood poverty and cognitive outcomes have been examined from multiple perspectives. However, most evidence is based on cross-sectional data or longitudinal data covering only segments of the developmental process. Moreover, previous longitudinal research has mostly relied on data from Western nations, limiting insights of poverty dynamics in low- and middle-income countries. Here, we use data from the Mauritius Child Health Project, a large-scale prospective longitudinal study conducted in a then low-income country, to examine long-term associations between poverty in early childhood and cognitive performance across childhood and adolescence. Poverty-related factors were assessed at age 3 years and comprised indicators of psychosocial adversity and malnutrition. Cognitive functioning was assessed at ages 3 and 11 years by using standardized intelligence measures and at age 17 years by means of a computerized test battery. Using multiple hierarchical regression models, we found that chronic malnutrition and parental characteristics showed similar-sized, independent associations with initial cognitive functioning at age 3 as well as at age 11 years. For age 17 years, however, associations with early childhood risk factors vanished and instead, cognitive functioning was predicted by performance on prior cognitive assessments. Sex was also found to be a powerful predictor of cognitive trajectories, with boys improving and girls worsening over time, regardless of the level of their initial exposure to risk. The current findings indicate that, to prevent cognitive impairment, interventions tackling poverty and malnutrition should focus on the infancy period and be designed in a gender-sensitive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Strauß
- Personality, Emotion and Music Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Venables
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Zentner
- Personality, Emotion and Music Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Vannucci A, Fields A, Hansen E, Katz A, Kerwin J, Tachida A, Martin N, Tottenham N. Interpersonal early adversity demonstrates dissimilarity from early socioeconomic disadvantage in the course of human brain development: A meta-analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.16.528877. [PMID: 36824818 PMCID: PMC9949158 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.16.528877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
It has been established that early-life adversity impacts brain development, but the role of development itself has largely been ignored. We take a developmentally-sensitive approach to examine the neurodevelopmental sequelae of early adversity in a preregistered meta-analysis of 27,234 youth (birth to 18-years-old), providing the largest group of adversity-exposed youth to date. Findings demonstrate that early-life adversity does not have an ontogenetically uniform impact on brain volumes, but instead exhibits age-, experience-, and region-specific associations. Relative to non-exposed comparisons, interpersonal early adversity (e.g., family-based maltreatment) was associated with initially larger volumes in frontolimbic regions until ~10-years-old, after which these exposures were linked to increasingly smaller volumes. By contrast, socioeconomic disadvantage (e.g., poverty) was associated with smaller volumes in temporal-limbic regions in childhood, which were attenuated at older ages. These findings advance ongoing debates regarding why, when, and how early-life adversity shapes later neural outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vannucci
- Columbia University, Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (409A Schermerhorn Hall), 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, MC 5501, New York, NY, USA 10027
| | - Andrea Fields
- Columbia University, Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (409A Schermerhorn Hall), 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, MC 5501, New York, NY, USA 10027
| | - Eleanor Hansen
- Columbia University, Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (409A Schermerhorn Hall), 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, MC 5501, New York, NY, USA 10027
| | - Ariel Katz
- Columbia University, Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (409A Schermerhorn Hall), 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, MC 5501, New York, NY, USA 10027
| | - John Kerwin
- Columbia University, Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (409A Schermerhorn Hall), 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, MC 5501, New York, NY, USA 10027
| | - Ayumi Tachida
- Columbia University, Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (409A Schermerhorn Hall), 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, MC 5501, New York, NY, USA 10027
| | - Nathan Martin
- Columbia University, Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (409A Schermerhorn Hall), 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, MC 5501, New York, NY, USA 10027
| | - Nim Tottenham
- Columbia University, Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (409A Schermerhorn Hall), 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, MC 5501, New York, NY, USA 10027
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Developmental predictors of young adult borderline personality disorder: a prospective, longitudinal study of females with and without childhood ADHD. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:106. [PMID: 36793031 PMCID: PMC9930262 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the precursors of borderline personality disorder (BPD) reveals numerous child and adolescent risk factors, with impulsivity and trauma among the most salient. Yet few prospective longitudinal studies have examined pathways to BPD, particularly with inclusion of multiple risk domains. METHODS We examined theory-informed predictors of young-adult BPD (a) diagnosis and (b) dimensional features from childhood and late adolescence via a diverse (47% non-white) sample of females with (n = 140) and without (n = 88) carefully diagnosed childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). RESULTS After adjustment for key covariates, low levels of objectively measured executive functioning in childhood predicted young adult BPD diagnostic status, as did a cumulative history of childhood adverse experiences/trauma. Additionally, both childhood hyperactivity/impulsivity and childhood adverse experiences/trauma predicted young adult BPD dimensional features. Regarding late-adolescent predictors, no significant predictors emerged regarding BPD diagnosis, but internalizing and externalizing symptoms were each significant predictors of BPD dimensional features. Exploratory moderator analyses revealed that predictions to BPD dimensional features from low executive functioning were heightened in the presence of low socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS Given our sample size, caution is needed when drawing implications. Possible future directions include focus on preventive interventions in populations with enhanced risk for BPD, particularly those focused on improving executive functioning skills and reducing risk for trauma (and its manifestations). Replication is required, as are sensitive measures of early emotional invalidation and extensions to male samples.
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Fan J, Gao F, Wang X, Liu Q, Xia J, Han Y, Yi J, Tan C, Zhu X. Right amygdala-right precuneus connectivity is associated with childhood trauma in major depression patients and healthy controls. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:6987480. [PMID: 36639930 PMCID: PMC10036873 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of childhood trauma (CT) on amygdala and hippocampus functional connectivity (FC) and the association with clinical presentations of major depressive disorder (MDD). Participants included 73 MDD patients (42 with moderate-to-severe CT and 31 with no or low CT) and 64 healthy controls (HC; 30 with moderate-to-severe CT and 34 with no or low CT). Seed-based whole-brain resting-state FC analyses were performed with seeds located in amygdala and hippocampus. Individuals with moderate-to-severe CT, irrespective of MDD diagnosis, had decreased right amygdala-right precuneus connectivity compared to those with no or low CT. Right amygdala-right precuneus connectivity was significantly correlated with physical and social trait anhedonia in MDD. Mediation effects of this FC on relationship between CT (specifically neglect but not abuse) and trait anhedonia in MDD were significant. MDD patients demonstrated increased right amygdala-left middle frontal gyrus FC, decreased right amygdala-right medial superior frontal gyrus (mSFG) FC and decreased right hippocampus-bilateral mSFG FC relative to HC. Findings highlight the effect of CT on right amygdala-right precuneus FC irrespective of MDD diagnosis. FC of right amygdala-right precuneus may be involved in the mechanism linking CT and depression through its association with trait anhedonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fan
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jie Xia
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yan Han
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jinyao Yi
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Changlian Tan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiongzhao Zhu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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145
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Sójta K, Strzelecki D. Early Maladaptive Schemas and Their Impact on Parenting: Do Dysfunctional Schemas Pass Generationally?-A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041263. [PMID: 36835799 PMCID: PMC9963559 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several factors that play a key role in the development of early maladaptive schemas, i.e., temperament, unmet core emotional needs, and adverse childhood events (e.g., traumatization and victimization, overindulgence, overprotection). Thus, the parental care that a child experiences has a substantial impact on the potential development of early maladaptive schemas. Negative parenting can range from unconscious neglect to overt abuse. Previous research supports the theoretical concept that there is a clear and close relationship between adverse childhood experiences and the development of early maladaptive schemas. Maternal mental health problems have been proven to be a factor that has strengthened the link between a mother's history of negative childhood experiences and subsequent negative parenting. Consistent with the theoretical background, early maladaptive schemas are associated with a wide variety of mental health problems. Clear links have been found for EMSs and personality disorders, depression, eating disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. In light of these theoretical and clinical connections, we decided to summarize the available literature on the multigenerational transmission of early maladaptive schemas, which is also an introduction to our research project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Sójta
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Central Teaching Hospital, Medical University of Łódź, ul. Czechosłowacka 8/10, 92-216 Łódź, Poland
| | - Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Central Teaching Hospital, Medical University of Łódź, ul. Czechosłowacka 8/10, 92-216 Łódź, Poland
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146
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Steenkamp LR, Parrish EM, Chalker SA, Badal VD, Pinkham AE, Harvey PD, Depp CA. Childhood trauma and real-world social experiences in psychosis. Schizophr Res 2023; 252:279-286. [PMID: 36701936 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma is associated with a variety of negative outcomes in psychosis, but it is unclear clear if childhood trauma affects day-to-day social experiences. We aimed to examine the association between childhood trauma and functional and structural characteristics of real-world social relationships in psychosis. METHODS Participants with psychotic disorders or affective disorders with psychosis completed ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) over ten days (N = 209). Childhood trauma was assessed retrospectively using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Associations between childhood trauma and EMA-assessed social behavior and perceptions were examined using linear mixed models. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and psychotic and depressive symptom severity. RESULTS Higher levels of childhood trauma were associated with more perceived threat (B = -0.19, 95 % CI [-0.33, -0.04]) and negative self-perception (B = -0.18, 95 % CI [-0.34, -0.01]) during recent social interactions, as well as reduced social motivation (B = -0.29, 95 % CI [-0.47, -0.10]), higher desire for social avoidance (B = 0.34, 95 % CI [0.14, 0.55]), and lower sense of belongingness (B = -0.24, 95 % CI [-0.42, -0.06]). These negative social perceptions were mainly linked with emotional abuse and emotional neglect. In addition, paranoia was more strongly associated with negative social perceptions in individuals with high versus low levels of trauma. Childhood trauma was not associated with frequency (i.e., time spent alone) or type of social interactions. CONCLUSION Childhood trauma - particularly emotional abuse and neglect - is associated with negative social perceptions but not frequency of real-world social interactions. Our findings suggest that childhood trauma may affect day-to-day social experiences beyond its association with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Steenkamp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emma M Parrish
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Samantha A Chalker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Varsha D Badal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Amy E Pinkham
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Philip D Harvey
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Research Service, Bruce W. Carter VA Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Colin A Depp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States; Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
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147
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Neural effects of controllability as a key dimension of stress exposure. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:218-227. [PMID: 35034670 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cross-species evidence suggests that the ability to exert control over a stressor is a key dimension of stress exposure that may sensitize frontostriatal-amygdala circuitry to promote more adaptive responses to subsequent stressors. The present study examined neural correlates of stressor controllability in young adults. Participants (N = 56; Mage = 23.74, range = 18-30 years) completed either the controllable or uncontrollable stress condition of the first of two novel stressor controllability tasks during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) acquisition. Participants in the uncontrollable stress condition were yoked to age- and sex-matched participants in the controllable stress condition. All participants were subsequently exposed to uncontrollable stress in the second task, which is the focus of fMRI analyses reported here. A whole-brain searchlight classification analysis revealed that patterns of activity in the right dorsal anterior insula (dAI) during subsequent exposure to uncontrollable stress could be used to classify participants' initial exposure to either controllable or uncontrollable stress with a peak of 73% accuracy. Previous experience of exerting control over a stressor may change the computations performed within the right dAI during subsequent stress exposure, shedding further light on the neural underpinnings of stressor controllability.
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148
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Associations between HPA axis reactivity and PTSD and depressive symptoms: Importance of maltreatment type and puberty. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:130-141. [PMID: 34092276 PMCID: PMC8648873 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942100050x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is implicated in the etiology and maintenance of depressive and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, different maltreatment experiences as well as the increased sensitivity of the HPA axis during puberty may alter associations between the HPA axis and mental health. To address these gaps, the current study examined the potential bidirectional associations between cortisol reactivity to a stressor, PTSD symptoms, and depressive symptoms among early adolescents across two time points, 1 year apart (n = 454; Mage = 10.98 at Time 1 and Mage = 12.11 at Time 2). Multiple-group path models tested the pathways between cortiol reactivity and mental health prior to and during puberty, for different types of maltreatment . Overall, the results showed that associations between cortisol output and symptoms of PTSD and depression were driven by those in the midst of puberty. Specifically, higher cortisol output at Time 1 was linked with higher levels of subsequent PTSD and depressive symptoms for neglected youth who had reached puberty. However, depressive symptoms predicted subsequent lower cortisol output for the physical abuse and emotional abuse groups. These findings demonstrate longitudinal links between cortisol, depressive symptoms, and PTSD symptoms among youth with different types of maltreatment histories and highlight the need to consider the reorganization of the stress system during puberty in order to advance our understanding of the HPA axis and mental health.
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149
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Nweze T, Ezenwa M, Ajaelu C, Hanson JL, Okoye C. Cognitive variations following exposure to childhood adversity: Evidence from a pre-registered, longitudinal study. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 56:101784. [PMID: 36618899 PMCID: PMC9813693 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different methodological approaches to studying the effects and timing of childhood adversity have been proposed and tested. While childhood adversity has primarily been operationalized through specificity (effects of individual adversity types) and cumulative risk (sum of all adversities reported by an individual) models, dimensional models (probeable through latent class and other cluster analyses) have recently gained traction given that it can overcome some of the limitations of the specificity and cumulative risk approaches. On the other hand, structured lifecourse modelling is a new statistical approach that examines the effects of the timing of adversity exposure on health outcomes by comparing sensitive periods and accumulation hypotheses. In this study, we apply these sets of methodological approaches and theoretical models to better understand the complex effects of childhood adversity on cognitive outcomes. Methods We analysed data obtained from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children for 2965 participants (Male = 1125; Female = 1840). This included parental report of 11 types of childhood adversity when participants were between 8 months and 8.7 years, and performance on inhibition, working memory and emotion recognition neurocognitive tasks when participants were 24 years of age (April 1, 1992-October 31, 2017). We used latent class analysis to classify the participants into subgroups, while we used Kruskal-Wallis test to examine differences in cognitive performance among the adversity subgroups. Additionally, to test whether sensitive period or accumulation models better explain the effects of childhood adversity on cognitive functioning, we carried out separate analyses using structured lifecourse modelling approaches. Findings Latent class analysis showed evidence of 5 classes, namely: low adversity (71.6%), dysfunctional family (9.58%); parental deprivation (9.65%); family poverty (6.07%) and global adversity (3.1%). We observed group differences in cognitive performance among the adversity classes in an inhibition control task, χ2(4) = 15.624, p = 0.003 and working memory task, χ2(4) = 15.986, p = 0.003. Pairwise comparison tests showed that participants in the family poverty class performed significantly worse than those in the low adversity class, for the inhibition control task (p = 0.007) while participants in the global adversity class significantly performed worse than participants in the low adversity class (p = 0.026) and dysfunctional family class (p = 0.034) on the working memory task. A further analysis revealed that the associations between each individual adversity type and cognitive outcomes were mostly consistent with the observed class performance in which they co-occurred. Follow-up analyses suggested that adversity during specific sensitive periods, namely very early childhood and early childhood, explained more variability in these observed associations, compared to the accumulation of adversities. Interpretation These findings suggest that dimensional approaches e.g., latent class analysis or cluster analysis could be good alternatives to studying childhood adversity. Using latent class analysis for example, can help reveal the population distribution of co-occurring adversity patterns among participants who may be at the greatest health risk and thus, enable a targeted intervention. In addition, this approach could be used to investigate specific pathways that link adversity classes to different developmental outcomes that could further complement the specificity or cumulative risk approaches to adversity. On the other hand, findings from a separate analysis using structured lifecourse modelling approaches also highlight the vital developmental timeframes in childhood during which the impact of adversity exposure on cognitive outcomes is greatest, suggesting the need to provide comprehensive academic and mental health support to individuals exposed during those specific timeframes. Funding T.N. received funding from Cambridge Trust (University of Cambridge).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tochukwu Nweze
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Michael Ezenwa
- Department of Psychology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Cyriacus Ajaelu
- Department of Psychology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Jamie L. Hanson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Learning Research & Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Cumulative trauma predicts hair cortisol concentrations and symptoms of depression and anxiety in pregnant women-an investigation of community samples from Greece, Spain and Perú. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1434. [PMID: 36697477 PMCID: PMC9876917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to traumatic experiences across lifespan shapes the functioning of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and sets individuals at risk to develop symptoms of depression and anxiety. Particularly, HPA axis regulation and the psychological health of the expectant mother have been of interest, as the health of the unborn child may be affected through changes in gestational biology. The present study investigated the potential associations between lifetime trauma, current symptoms (depression and anxiety) and hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) in pregnant women. A total of 149 pregnant women were interviewed in public outpatient clinics with varying gestational age in Greece, Spain and Perú. Lifetime trauma exposure and current symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed. HCC was measured in scalp-near hair segments (2 cm length) reflecting cumulative cortisol secretion of the past two months. Results showed that trauma load is negatively associated with HCC and higher symptoms of depression and anxiety. There was a negative association between HCC and symptoms. The present findings support the notion that cumulative trauma exposure exerts long-lasting effects on the expectant mother's HPA axis activity functioning and mental health and may thereby potentially create risk trajectories for the unborn child via changes in gestational biology.
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