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Karunathilake IMD, Dunlap JL, Perera J, Presacco A, Decruy L, Anderson S, Kuchinsky SE, Simon JZ. Effects of aging on cortical representations of continuous speech. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:1359-1377. [PMID: 37096924 PMCID: PMC10202479 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00356.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding speech in a noisy environment is crucial in day-to-day interactions and yet becomes more challenging with age, even for healthy aging. Age-related changes in the neural mechanisms that enable speech-in-noise listening have been investigated previously; however, the extent to which age affects the timing and fidelity of encoding of target and interfering speech streams is not well understood. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we investigated how continuous speech is represented in auditory cortex in the presence of interfering speech in younger and older adults. Cortical representations were obtained from neural responses that time-locked to the speech envelopes with speech envelope reconstruction and temporal response functions (TRFs). TRFs showed three prominent peaks corresponding to auditory cortical processing stages: early (∼50 ms), middle (∼100 ms), and late (∼200 ms). Older adults showed exaggerated speech envelope representations compared with younger adults. Temporal analysis revealed both that the age-related exaggeration starts as early as ∼50 ms and that older adults needed a substantially longer integration time window to achieve their better reconstruction of the speech envelope. As expected, with increased speech masking envelope reconstruction for the attended talker decreased and all three TRF peaks were delayed, with aging contributing additionally to the reduction. Interestingly, for older adults the late peak was delayed, suggesting that this late peak may receive contributions from multiple sources. Together these results suggest that there are several mechanisms at play compensating for age-related temporal processing deficits at several stages but which are not able to fully reestablish unimpaired speech perception.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We observed age-related changes in cortical temporal processing of continuous speech that may be related to older adults' difficulty in understanding speech in noise. These changes occur in both timing and strength of the speech representations at different cortical processing stages and depend on both noise condition and selective attention. Critically, their dependence on noise condition changes dramatically among the early, middle, and late cortical processing stages, underscoring how aging differentially affects these stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Dushyanthi Karunathilake
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Jason L Dunlap
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Janani Perera
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Alessandro Presacco
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Lien Decruy
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Samira Anderson
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Stefanie E Kuchinsky
- Audiology and Speech Pathology Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Jonathan Z Simon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
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de Sonnaville ESV, van Woensel JBM, van Goudoever JB, Otten MH, Teela L, Aarnoudse-Moens CSH, Terheggen-Lagro SWJ, van der Hulst AE, Engelen M, Kӧnigs M, Oosterlaan J, Knoester H. Structured Multidisciplinary Follow-Up After Pediatric Intensive Care: A Model for Continuous Data-Driven Health Care Innovation. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2023; 24:484-498. [PMID: 36807306 PMCID: PMC10226472 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000003213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Morbidity after PICU admission for critical illness is a growing concern. Sequelae may occur in various domains of functioning and can only appropriately be determined through structured follow-up. Here, we describe the process of designing and implementing a structured multidisciplinary follow-up program for patients and their parents after PICU admission and show the first results illustrating the significance of our program. DESIGN Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING Outpatient PICU follow-up clinic. PATIENTS Patients 0-18 years old admitted to our PICU. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In our structured multidisciplinary follow-up program, follow-up care is provided by a pediatric intensivist and psychologist and in addition, depending on patient's critical illness and received PICU treatment(s), by a pediatric pulmonologist, cardiologist, neurologist, and/or neuropsychologist. All consultations are scheduled consecutively. Collected data are stored in a hospital-wide data warehouse and used for yearly health care evaluation sessions as well as scientific research. Challenges in organizing this follow-up program include technological challenges, providing time-efficient care, participation rate, and completeness of questionnaires. In our experience, a dedicated team is essential to tackle these challenges. Our first results, obtained in 307 of 388 referred patients (79.1%), showed the diversity of problems arising after PICU discharge, including physical, neurocognitive, and psychosocial sequelae. In addition, our data also reflected the risk of psychosocial problems among parents. Within the limited operation time of our follow-up program, the program has evolved based on our experiences and the data collected. CONCLUSIONS We successfully developed and implemented a structured multidisciplinary follow-up program for patients and their parents after PICU admission. This program may help to timely initiate appropriate interventions, improve the standard of care during and after PICU admission, and facilitate scientific research on outcome and prognosis after PICU admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore S V de Sonnaville
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam UMC Follow Me Program & Emma Neuroscience Group, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Job B M van Woensel
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes B van Goudoever
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam & Vrije Universiteit, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke H Otten
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lorynn Teela
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development & Amsterdam Public Health Research Institutes, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelieke S H Aarnoudse-Moens
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam UMC Follow Me Program & Emma Neuroscience Group, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development & Amsterdam Public Health Research Institutes, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne W J Terheggen-Lagro
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development & Infection and Immunity Research Institutes, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies E van der Hulst
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Engelen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience & Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institutes, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marsh Kӧnigs
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam UMC Follow Me Program & Emma Neuroscience Group, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam UMC Follow Me Program & Emma Neuroscience Group, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hennie Knoester
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Iverson GL, Gaudet CE, Kissinger-Knox A, Karr JE. Normative Reference Values for Crystallized-Fluid Discrepancy Scores for the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 38:608-618. [PMID: 36225110 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acac076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to translate NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) Crystallized-Fluid discrepancy scores into research and clinical practice with adults by providing normative data for discrepancy scores for both age-adjusted standard scores (SSs) and demographically adjusted T-scores. METHOD We included adult participants from the NIHTB-CB standardization sample who denied having neurodevelopmental, medical, psychiatric, or neurological conditions (n = 730; M = 47.4 years old, SD = 17.6, range: 18-85; 64.4% women; 63.1% White). Descriptive statistics were calculated for the Fluid and Crystallized composite scores and Crystallized-Fluid discrepancy score, along with correlations between the composite scores and reliability estimates of the discrepancy score. Percentiles were calculated for the discrepancy score, with stratifications by the gender, education, and Crystallized composite for the age-adjusted SSs and demographically adjusted T-scores (T). RESULTS Crystallized-Fluid discrepancy scores ranged from -40 to 44 (M = -0.63, SD = 14.89, Mdn = -1, interquartile range [IQR]: -11 to 10) for age-adjusted SSs and from -29 to 27 (M = -0.39, SD = 10.49, Mdn = -1, IQR = -8 to 7) for demographically adjusted T-scores. Crystallized-Fluid discrepancy scores of SS = 15 and T = 11 were at the 16th percentile (1 SD below the mean) and discrepancy scores of SS = 21 and T = 15 were at the 7th percentile (1.5 SD below the mean). CONCLUSIONS Crystallized-Fluid discrepancy scores may be, with future research, a useful within-person interpretive approach for detecting a decline from pre-injury or pre-disease levels of cognitive functioning. These normative reference values assist clinicians and researchers in determining the frequency at which given Crystallized-Fluid discrepancy scores occurred among healthy adults in the normative sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant L Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Rehabilitation Institute, Charlestown, MA, USA
- MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sports Concussion Program, Boston, MA, USA
- Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Charles E Gaudet
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Rehabilitation Institute, Charlestown, MA, USA
- MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sports Concussion Program, Boston, MA, USA
- Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Alicia Kissinger-Knox
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Rehabilitation Institute, Charlestown, MA, USA
- MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sports Concussion Program, Boston, MA, USA
- Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Justin E Karr
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Steele CN, Oh ES, Wang W, Farmer-Bailey H, Gitomer BY, Chonchol M, Nowak KL. Cerebrovascular Pulsatility Index Is Reduced in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Am J Nephrol 2023; 54:165-174. [PMID: 37231790 PMCID: PMC10529076 DOI: 10.1159/000530583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebrovascular dysfunction, characterized by increased brain pulsatile flow, reduced cerebrovascular reactivity, and cerebral hypoperfusion precedes the onset of dementia and is linked to cognitive dysfunction. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) may increase the risk of dementia, and intracranial aneurysms are more prevalent in ADPKD patients. However, cerebrovascular function has not been previously characterized in patients with ADPKD. METHODS Using transcranial Doppler, we compared middle cerebral artery (MCA) pulsatility index (PI, cerebrovascular stiffness) and MCA blood velocity response to hypercapnia (normalized for blood pressure and end-tidal CO2, cerebrovascular reactivity) in patients with early-stage ADPKD versus age-matched healthy controls. We also administered the NIH cognitive toolbox (cognitive function) and measured carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (PWV, aortic stiffness). RESULTS Fifteen participants with ADPKD (9F, 27 ± 4 yrs, eGFR: 106 ± 22 mL/min/1.73 m2) were compared to 15 healthy controls (8F, 29 ± 4 yrs, eGFR: 109 ± 14 mL/min/1.73 m2). MCA PI was unexpectedly lower in ADPKD (0.71 ± 0.07) versus controls (0.82 ± 0.09 AU; p < 0.001); however, normalized MCA blood velocity in response to hypercapnia did not differ between groups (2.0 ± 1.2 vs. 2.1 ± 0.8 %Δ/mm Hg; p = 0.85). Lower MCA PI was associated with a lower crystalized composite score (cognition), which persisted after adjustment for age, sex, eGFR, and education (β = 0.58, p = 0.007). There was no association of MCA PI with carotid-femoral PWV (r = 0.01, p = 0.96), despite greater carotid-femoral PWV in ADPKD, suggesting MCA PI reflects vascular properties other than arterial stiffness (such as low wall shear stress) in ADPKD. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION MCA PI is lower in patients with ADPKD. Follow-up research on this observation is merited as low PI has been associated with intracranial aneurysm in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cortney N Steele
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ester S Oh
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Heather Farmer-Bailey
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Berenice Y Gitomer
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kristen L Nowak
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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105
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Smith DM, Loughnan R, Friedman NP, Parekh P, Frei O, Thompson WK, Andreassen OA, Neale M, Jernigan TL, Dale AM. Heritability Estimation of Cognitive Phenotypes in the ABCD Study ® Using Mixed Models. Behav Genet 2023; 53:169-188. [PMID: 37024669 PMCID: PMC10154273 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-023-10141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Twin and family studies have historically aimed to partition phenotypic variance into components corresponding to additive genetic effects (A), common environment (C), and unique environment (E). Here we present the ACE Model and several extensions in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ Study (ABCD Study®), employed using the new Fast Efficient Mixed Effects Analysis (FEMA) package. In the twin sub-sample (n = 924; 462 twin pairs), heritability estimates were similar to those reported by prior studies for height (twin heritability = 0.86) and cognition (twin heritability between 0.00 and 0.61), respectively. Incorporating SNP-derived genetic relatedness and using the full ABCD Study® sample (n = 9,742) led to narrower confidence intervals for all parameter estimates. By leveraging the sparse clustering method used by FEMA to handle genetic relatedness only for participants within families, we were able to take advantage of the diverse distribution of genetic relatedness within the ABCD Study® sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Smith
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Robert Loughnan
- Population Neuroscience and Genetics Lab, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Naomi P Friedman
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Pravesh Parekh
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Center for Population Neuroscience and Genetics, Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Terry L Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Karpouzian-Rogers T, Ho E, Novack M, Chinkers M, Bedjeti K, Nowinski C, Giordani B, Gershon R, Weintraub S. Baseline characterization of the ARMADA (Assessing Reliable Measurement in Alzheimer's Disease) study cohorts. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:1974-1982. [PMID: 36396612 PMCID: PMC10182183 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox (NIHTB) provides computerized measures of cognition, emotion, sensation, and motor abilities across the lifespan. The ARMADA (Assessing Reliable Measurement in Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Aging) study validated the NIHTB in individuals across the cognitive aging spectrum. This article reports the characteristics of our sample of participants. METHODS Participants were recruited across nine sites and classified clinically as cognitively normal (NC), with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT.) They completed the NIHTB at multiple time points and many had at least one Alzheimer's biomarker previously obtained. RESULTS Groups differed with respect to dementia severity levels, as anticipated, but were well-matched across many demographic characteristics. DISCUSSION The ARMADA study demographics and baseline characteristics provide a suitable sample for validating the NIHTB across the cognitive aging spectrum. Other enriched samples (African American participants, Spanish NIHTB, 85+ years of age) will be reported elsewhere. HIGHLIGHTS There is a need for assessments that can detect the early stages of cognitive decline in older adults. The ARMADA (Assessing Reliable Measurement in Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Aging) study will validate the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox across the aging spectrum, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT). Here we report the characteristics of participants. Groups were well-matched across most demographic characteristics, and clinical characteristics differed as expected. ARMADA study cohorts reflect their respective clinical syndromes for validating the NIH Toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Karpouzian-Rogers
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Emily Ho
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Miriam Novack
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Miriam Chinkers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Katy Bedjeti
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Cindy Nowinski
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | | | - Richard Gershon
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
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Becker L, Condy E, Kaat A, Thurm A. How do 3-year-olds do on the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery? Child Neuropsychol 2023; 29:521-542. [PMID: 35876076 PMCID: PMC9873835 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2022.2100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The NIH Toolbox includes a cognitive battery that provides an Early Childhood Composite score for children age 3-7. However, very few studies have evaluated feasibility when it is used in the youngest segment of this age range-3-year-olds. The current study evaluated performance on the four cognitive subtests composing the early childhood composite, two of which assess executive function, in a large sample of 3-year-olds enrolled in a Vanguard pilot of the National Children's Study. Results found that in a cohort of 609 3-year-olds (mean age = 39.6 months, SD = 1.6, 53% male, 64% White, 87% Non-Hispanic) who were administered four subtests included in the Early Childhood Composite, up to approximately 30% were unable to pass practice items on the Flanker, Dimensional Change Card Sort, and Picture Sequence Memory, whereas only approximately 3% were unable to pass practice items on the Picture Vocabulary Test. Furthermore, of those that did pass practice and achieve scores on the subtests, approximately 70% and 80% performed at or below chance level on the executive function tasks (Flanker and Dimensional Change Card Sort) and Picture Sequence Memory, respectively. Ultimately, the average 3-year-old has difficulty with three of the four NIH Toolbox tasks composing the Early Childhood Composite and may not yet have developed the requisite skills. These findings indicate that changes compatible with the developmental level of preschoolers are recommended to increase the feasibility and effectiveness of the NIH Toolbox in measuring individual cognition differences in 3-year-old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Becker
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emma Condy
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aaron Kaat
- Medical Social Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Audrey Thurm
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Callow DD, Smith JC. Physical fitness, cognition, and structural network efficiency of brain connections across the lifespan. Neuropsychologia 2023; 182:108527. [PMID: 36871816 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate levels of exercise is one of the most potent modifiable risk factors for preventing cognitive decline and dementia as we age. Meanwhile, network science-based measures of structural brain network global and local efficiency show promise as robust biomarkers of aging, cognitive decline, and pathological disease progression. Despite this, little to no work has established how maintaining physical activity (PA) and physical fitness might relate to cognition and network efficiency measures across the lifespan. Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between (1) PA and fitness and cognition, (2) fitness and network efficiency, and (3) how network efficiency measures relate to cognition. To accomplish this, we analyzed a large cross-sectional data set (n = 720; 36-100 years) from the aging human connectome project, which included the Trail Making Task (TMT) A and B, a measure of fitness (2-min walk test), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), and high-resolution diffusion imaging data. Our analysis consisted of employing multiple linear regression while controlling for age, sex, and education. Age was associated with lower global and local brain network efficiency and poorer Trail A & B performance. Meanwhile, fitness, but not physical activity, was related to better Trail A and B performance and fitness, and was positively associated with local and global brain efficiency. Finally, local efficiency was related to better TMT B performance and partially mediated the relationship between fitness and TMT B performance. These results indicate aging may be associated with a shift towards less efficient local and global neural networks and that maintaining physical fitness might protect against age-related cognitive performance deterioration by bolstering structural network efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Callow
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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Daniel E, Deng F, Patel SK, Sedrak MS, Kim H, Razavi M, Sun CL, Root JC, Ahles TA, Dale W, Chen BT. Altered gyrification in chemotherapy-treated older long-term breast cancer survivors. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2697378. [PMID: 37090667 PMCID: PMC10120747 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2697378/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this prospective longitudinal study was to evaluate the changes in brain surface gyrification in older long-term breast cancer survivors 5 to 15 years after chemotherapy treatment. Methods Older breast cancer survivors aged ≥ 65 years treated with chemotherapy (C+) or without chemotherapy (C-) 5-15 years prior and age & sex-matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited (time point 1 (TP1)) and followed up for 2 years (time point 2 (TP2)). Study assessments for both time points included neuropsychological (NP) testing with the NIH Toolbox cognition battery and cortical gyrification analysis based on brain MRI. Results The study cohort with data for both TP1 and TP2 consisted of the following: 10 participants for the C+ group, 12 participants for the C- group, and 13 participants for the HC group. The C+ group had increased gyrification in 6 local gyrus regions including the right fusiform, paracentral, precuneus, superior, middle temporal gyri and left pars opercularis gyrus, and it had decreased gyrification in 2 local gyrus regions from TP1 to TP2 (p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). The C- and HC groups showed decreased gyrification only (p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). In C+ group, changes in right paracentral gyrification and crystalized composite scores were negatively correlated (R = -0.76, p = 0.01). Conclusions Altered gyrification could be the neural correlate of cognitive changes in older chemotherapy-treated long-term breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Deng
- City of Hope National Medical Center: City of Hope
| | | | | | - Heeyoung Kim
- City of Hope National Medical Center: City of Hope
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Christ SE, Clocksin HE, Zalik M, Goodlett BD, Sacharow SJ, Abbene EE. Neuropsychological assessment of adults with phenylketonuria using the NIH toolbox. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 139:107579. [PMID: 37099821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Among researchers and clinicians, there is a call for the development and validation of new measures to better assess and characterize neurocognitive difficulties associated with early-treated phenylketonuria (ETPKU) and other metabolic disorders. The NIH Toolbox represents a relatively new computer-administered assessment tool and provides a sampling of performance across multiple cognitive domains, several of which (e.g., executive function, processing speed) are at risk for disruption in ETPKU. The goal of the present study was to provide an initial evaluation of the value and sensitivity of the NIH Toolbox for use with individuals with ETPKU. To this end, a sample of adults with ETPKU and a demographically-matched comparison group without PKU completed the cognitive and motor batteries of the Toolbox. Results indicate that overall performance (as reflected by the Fluid Cognition Composite) was sensitive to both group differences (ETPKU vs non-PKU) as well as blood Phe levels (a marker of metabolic control). The present findings offer preliminary support for the utility of the NIH Toolbox as a measure of neurocognitive functioning in individuals with ETPKU. Future research including a larger sample size and broader age range is needed to fully validate the Toolbox for clinical and research use with individuals with ETPKU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn E Christ
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Hayley E Clocksin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Maia Zalik
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | - Stephanie J Sacharow
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily E Abbene
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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111
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Byington N, Grimsrud G, Mooney MA, Cordova M, Doyle O, Hermosillo RJM, Earl E, Houghton A, Conan G, Hendrickson TJ, Ragothaman A, Carrasco CM, Rueter A, Perrone A, Moore LA, Graham A, Nigg JT, Thompson WK, Nelson SM, Feczko E, Fair DA, Miranda-Dominguez O. Polyneuro risk scores capture widely distributed connectivity patterns of cognition. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101231. [PMID: 36934605 PMCID: PMC10031023 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) is a powerful tool for characterizing brain changes, but it has yet to reliably predict higher-order cognition. This may be attributed to small effect sizes of such brain-behavior relationships, which can lead to underpowered, variable results when utilizing typical sample sizes (N∼25). Inspired by techniques in genomics, we implement the polyneuro risk score (PNRS) framework - the application of multivariate techniques to RSFC data and validation in an independent sample. Utilizing the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development® cohort split into two datasets, we explore the framework's ability to reliably capture brain-behavior relationships across 3 cognitive scores - general ability, executive function, learning & memory. The weight and significance of each connection is assessed in the first dataset, and a PNRS is calculated for each participant in the second. Results support the PNRS framework as a suitable methodology to inspect the distribution of connections contributing towards behavior, with explained variance ranging from 1.0 % to 21.4 %. For the outcomes assessed, the framework reveals globally distributed, rather than localized, patterns of predictive connections. Larger samples are likely necessary to systematically identify the specific connections contributing towards complex outcomes. The PNRS framework could be applied translationally to identify neurologically distinct subtypes of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Byington
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States.
| | - Gracie Grimsrud
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States
| | - Michael A Mooney
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Michaela Cordova
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92120, United States
| | - Olivia Doyle
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Robert J M Hermosillo
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States
| | - Eric Earl
- Data Science and Sharing Team, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Audrey Houghton
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States
| | - Gregory Conan
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States
| | - Timothy J Hendrickson
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States
| | | | - Cristian Morales Carrasco
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States
| | - Amanda Rueter
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States
| | - Anders Perrone
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States
| | - Lucille A Moore
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States
| | - Alice Graham
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Joel T Nigg
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Center for Population Neuroscience and Genetics, Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74136, United States
| | - Steven M Nelson
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States
| | - Eric Feczko
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States
| | - Damien A Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States; Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States
| | - Oscar Miranda-Dominguez
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States
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Muhammad F, Baha A, Haynes G, Shakir H, Omini M, Martin M, Weber KA, Paliwal M, Van Hal M, Dickson D, Dhaher Y, Zhao YD, Smith ZA. Isolating Neurologic Deficits in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: A Case-Controlled Study, Using the NIH Toolbox Motor Battery. Neurol Clin Pract 2023; 13:e200126. [PMID: 37064579 PMCID: PMC10101713 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000200126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) have motor impairments, including weakness, imbalance, and loss of dexterity. The reliable assessment of these symptoms is critical for treatment decisions. This study aimed to determine, for the first time, the use of the NIH Toolbox motor battery (NIHTBm) in the objective assessment of motor deficits in patients with CSM. Methods Patients with symptoms and MRI evidence of CSM and age-matched healthy controls (HC), with no evidence of spinal disorder or surgery were included in this case-control study based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. We performed motor tests, dexterity, gait speed, grip strength, and balance tests, using the NIHTBm in patients with CSM and HCs. Motor impairment rates were determined in patients with CSM based on the NIHTBm scores. We determined the association between NIHTBm scores and patient-reported outcome scores; patient-reported outcome measures (the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association [mJOA] and Nurick grade) to determine the association. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze group differences and the Spearman rank correlation to determine the relationship between assessment scores. Results We enrolled 24 patients with CSM with a mean age (SD) of 57.96 (10.61) years and 24 age-matched HCs with a mean age (SD) of 53.17 (6.04) years in this study. Overall, we observed a significant decrease in the motor function T-scores mean (SD): dexterity 31.54 (14.82) vs 51.54 (9.72), grip strength 32.00 (17.47) vs 56.79 (8.46), balance 27.58 (16.65) vs 40.21 (6.35), and gait speed 0.64 (0.18) vs 0.99 (0.17) m/s, in patients with CSM compared with that in HCs. The lower extremity dysfunction scores on the NIHTBm, balance (ρ = -0.67) and gait speed (ρ = -0.62), were associated with higher Nurick grades. We observed a similar but weaker association with the Nurick grades and NIHTBm tests: dexterity (ρ = -0.49) and grip strength (ρ = -0.31) scores. The total motor mJOA showed a positive but weak association with NIHTBm scores, gait speed (ρ = 0.38), balance (ρ = 0.49), grip strength (ρ = 0.41), and dexterity (ρ = 0.45). Discussion Patients with CSM had significantly lower NIHTBm scores compared with HCs. The results from the NIHTBm are consistent with the clinical presentation of CSM showing patients have motor impairments in both upper and lower extremities. As a neurologic-specific scale, NIHTBm should be used in the evaluation and clinical management of patients with CSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauziyya Muhammad
- Department of Neurosurgery (FM, AB, HS, MO, MM, MP, ZAS), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering (GH), University of Oklahoma, Norman; Department of Anesthesiology (KAW), Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (MVH, DD, YD), Dallas; and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (YDZ), Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Alaa Baha
- Department of Neurosurgery (FM, AB, HS, MO, MM, MP, ZAS), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering (GH), University of Oklahoma, Norman; Department of Anesthesiology (KAW), Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (MVH, DD, YD), Dallas; and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (YDZ), Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Grace Haynes
- Department of Neurosurgery (FM, AB, HS, MO, MM, MP, ZAS), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering (GH), University of Oklahoma, Norman; Department of Anesthesiology (KAW), Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (MVH, DD, YD), Dallas; and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (YDZ), Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Hakeem Shakir
- Department of Neurosurgery (FM, AB, HS, MO, MM, MP, ZAS), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering (GH), University of Oklahoma, Norman; Department of Anesthesiology (KAW), Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (MVH, DD, YD), Dallas; and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (YDZ), Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Michael Omini
- Department of Neurosurgery (FM, AB, HS, MO, MM, MP, ZAS), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering (GH), University of Oklahoma, Norman; Department of Anesthesiology (KAW), Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (MVH, DD, YD), Dallas; and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (YDZ), Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Michael Martin
- Department of Neurosurgery (FM, AB, HS, MO, MM, MP, ZAS), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering (GH), University of Oklahoma, Norman; Department of Anesthesiology (KAW), Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (MVH, DD, YD), Dallas; and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (YDZ), Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Kenneth A Weber
- Department of Neurosurgery (FM, AB, HS, MO, MM, MP, ZAS), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering (GH), University of Oklahoma, Norman; Department of Anesthesiology (KAW), Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (MVH, DD, YD), Dallas; and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (YDZ), Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Monica Paliwal
- Department of Neurosurgery (FM, AB, HS, MO, MM, MP, ZAS), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering (GH), University of Oklahoma, Norman; Department of Anesthesiology (KAW), Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (MVH, DD, YD), Dallas; and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (YDZ), Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Michael Van Hal
- Department of Neurosurgery (FM, AB, HS, MO, MM, MP, ZAS), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering (GH), University of Oklahoma, Norman; Department of Anesthesiology (KAW), Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (MVH, DD, YD), Dallas; and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (YDZ), Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Douglas Dickson
- Department of Neurosurgery (FM, AB, HS, MO, MM, MP, ZAS), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering (GH), University of Oklahoma, Norman; Department of Anesthesiology (KAW), Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (MVH, DD, YD), Dallas; and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (YDZ), Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Yasin Dhaher
- Department of Neurosurgery (FM, AB, HS, MO, MM, MP, ZAS), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering (GH), University of Oklahoma, Norman; Department of Anesthesiology (KAW), Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (MVH, DD, YD), Dallas; and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (YDZ), Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Yan Daniel Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery (FM, AB, HS, MO, MM, MP, ZAS), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering (GH), University of Oklahoma, Norman; Department of Anesthesiology (KAW), Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (MVH, DD, YD), Dallas; and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (YDZ), Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Zachary A Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery (FM, AB, HS, MO, MM, MP, ZAS), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering (GH), University of Oklahoma, Norman; Department of Anesthesiology (KAW), Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (MVH, DD, YD), Dallas; and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (YDZ), Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
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Núñez C, García-Alix A, Arca G, Agut T, Carreras N, Portella MJ, Stephan-Otto C. Breastfeeding duration is associated with larger cortical gray matter volumes in children from the ABCD study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023. [PMID: 36946606 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the numerous studies in favor of breastfeeding for its benefits in cognition and mental health, the long-term effects of breastfeeding on brain structure are still largely unknown. Our main objective was to study the relationship between breastfeeding duration and cerebral gray matter volumes. We also explored the potential mediatory role of brain volumes on behavior. METHODS We analyzed 7,860 magnetic resonance images of children 9-11 years of age from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) dataset in order to study the relationship between breastfeeding duration and cerebral gray matter volumes. We also obtained several behavioral data (cognition, behavioral problems, prodromal psychotic experiences, prosociality, impulsivity) to explore the potential mediatory role of brain volumes on behavior. RESULTS In the 7,860 children analyzed (median age = 9 years and 11 months; 49.9% female), whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed an association mainly between breastfeeding duration and larger bilateral volumes of the pars orbitalis and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex. In particular, the association with the left pars orbitalis and the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex proved to be very robust to the addition of potentially confounding covariates, random selection of siblings, and splitting the sample in two. The volume of the left pars orbitalis and the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex appeared to mediate the relationship between breastfeeding duration and the negative urgency dimension of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale. Global gray matter volumes were also significant mediators for behavioral problems as measured with the Child Behavior Checklist. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that breastfeeding is a relevant factor in the proper development of the brain, particularly for the pars orbitalis and lateral orbitofrontal cortex regions. This, in turn, may impact impulsive personality and mental health in early puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Núñez
- Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo García-Alix
- Neonatal Neurology, NeNe Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Iberoamerican Society of Neonatology (SIBEN), NJ, United States
| | - Gemma Arca
- Neonatal Neurology, NeNe Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thais Agut
- Neonatal Neurology, NeNe Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Carreras
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria J Portella
- Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Stephan-Otto
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Computational Imaging Group (PeCIC), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Long-Term Post-Transition Outcomes of Adolescents and Young Adults Living With Perinatally and Non-perinatally Acquired HIV in Southeast Asia. J Adolesc Health 2023; 72:471-479. [PMID: 36535867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We assessed factors associated with clinical, social, and behavioral outcomes of adolescents and young adults with HIV (AYHIV) in Southeast Asia after transition from pediatric to adult HIV care. METHODS AYHIV in Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam were prospectively followed through annual clinical assessments and laboratory testing. Data were described descriptively and a generalized estimating equation was used to calculate independent predictors for HIV viremia (>40 copies/mL). RESULTS A total of 93 AYHIV were followed until February 2019: 60% female, 94% acquired HIV perinatally, 81% Thai, median age 20 (interquartile range, 18-21) years. The median follow-up time was 94 (91-100) weeks; 88% completed the study. At week 96, median CD4 was 557 cells/mm3 (interquartile range, 337-786), 77% had suppressed HIV viral load, 39% reported recent alcohol use, 49% had been sexually active, 53% of females and 36% of males intended to have children, and 23% screened positive for moderate depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥9) or reported suicidal ideation. HIV viremia was associated with <90% adherence to HIV treatment (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] 2.2 [1.28-3.78]), CD4 count ≤500 cells/mm3 (aIRR 4.75 [2.11-10.69]), and being on a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor regimen (vs. protease inhibitor aIRR 2.71 [1.13-6.49]). Having a trusted person to talk with about their feelings was protective (vs. never; usually or always, aIRR 0.41 [0.18-0.92]). DISCUSSION After transition to adult HIV care, there were indications of social isolation and mental health problems that could prevent these AYHIV from maintaining control over their HIV infection and hinder progress toward social independence.
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Children's understanding of implied coaching questions: Does acquiescence influence perceptions of believability? JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2022.101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Keirns NG, Ouaddi S, Dunsiger S, Locatelli G, Gathright EC, Black E, Tripolone J, Breault C, Riegel B, Cohen R, Salmoirago-Blotcher E. Mind Your Heart-II: Protocol for a behavioral randomized controlled trial of mindfulness training to promote self-care in patients with comorbid heart failure and cognitive impairment. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 126:107094. [PMID: 36682491 PMCID: PMC10026453 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) self-care is a robust predictor of prognosis in HF patients. Cognitive impairment is a common comorbidity in HF patients and constitutes a major challenge to HF self-care. Mindfulness training (MT) has been shown to improve cognitive function and interoception, two components essential to promoting effective HF self-care. OBJECTIVES The aims of the Mind Your Heart-II (MYH-II) study are to investigate the effects of MT on HF self-care via changes in cognitive function and interoception in patients with comorbid HF and cognitive impairment, and to study the process by which MT can improve cognitive function via vagal control. We hypothesize that MT will improve cognitive function, interoception, and vagal control, resulting in enhanced HF self-care, compared to control participants. METHODS MYH-II is a mechanistic parallel phase II behavioral randomized controlled trial. We will enroll 176 English or Spanish-speaking patients with comorbid chronic HF and mild cognitive impairment. Participants will be randomized to either: (1) 8-week phone-delivered MT + Enhanced Usual Care (EUC), or (2) EUC alone. Participants will complete baseline, end-of-treatment (3 months), and follow-up (9 months) assessments. The primary outcome is cognitive function (NIH Toolbox Fluid Cognition Composite Score). Additional key outcomes include: interoception (heartbeat tracking task, Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness), HF self-care (Self-Care of Heart Failure Index v7.2), and vagal control (high-frequency heart rate variability). IMPLICATIONS If study hypotheses are confirmed, phone-based MT may be a key tool for improving HF self-care, and possibly clinical outcomes, in HF patients with comorbid cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie G Keirns
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| | - Sara Ouaddi
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shira Dunsiger
- Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Department of Behavioral and Social Science, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Giulia Locatelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emily C Gathright
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Emma Black
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Janice Tripolone
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Christopher Breault
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Barbara Riegel
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Australian Catholic University, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Home Care Policy & Research at VNS Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald Cohen
- Cognitive Aging and Memory Program, McKnight Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Elena Salmoirago-Blotcher
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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Shields RH, Kaat A, Sansone SM, Michalak C, Coleman J, Thompson T, McKenzie FJ, Dakopolos A, Riley K, Berry-Kravis E, Widaman KF, Gershon RC, Hessl D. Sensitivity of the NIH Toolbox to Detect Cognitive Change in Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disability. Neurology 2023; 100:e778-e789. [PMID: 36460468 PMCID: PMC9984222 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) experience protracted cognitive development compared with typical youth. Sensitive measurement of cognitive change in this population is a critical need for clinical trials and other intervention studies, but well-validated outcome measures are scarce. This study's aim was to evaluate the sensitivity of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) to detect developmental changes in groups with ID-fragile X syndrome (FXS), Down syndrome (DS), and other ID (OID)-and to provide further support for its use as an outcome measure for treatment trials. METHODS We administered the NIHTB-CB and a reference standard cross-validation measure (Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition [SB5]) to 256 individuals with FXS, DS, and OID (ages 6-27 years). After 2 years of development, we retested 197 individuals. Group developmental changes in each cognitive domain of the NIHTB-CB and SB5 were assessed using latent change score models, and 2-year growth was evaluated at 3 age points (10, 16, and 22 years). RESULTS Overall, effect sizes of growth measured by the NIHTB-CB tests were comparable with or exceeded those of the SB5. The NIHTB-CB showed significant gains in almost all domains in OID at younger ages (10 years), with continued gains at 16 years and stability in early adulthood (22 years). The FXS group showed delayed gains in attention and inhibitory control compared with OID. The DS group had delayed gains in receptive vocabulary compared with OID. Unlike the other groups, DS had significant growth in early adulthood in 2 domains (working memory and attention/inhibitory control). Notably, each group's pattern of NIHTB-CB growth across development corresponded to their respective pattern of SB5 growth. DISCUSSION The NIHTB-CB is sensitive to developmental changes in individuals with ID. Comparison with levels and timing of growth on the cross-validation measure shows that the NIHTB-CB has potential to identify meaningful trajectories across cognitive domains and ID etiologies. Sensitivity to change within the context of treatment studies and delineation of clinically meaningful changes in NIHTB-CB scores, linked to daily functioning, must be established in future research to evaluate the battery more completely as a key outcome measure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Hessl
- From the MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (R.H.S., S.M.S., F.J.M., A.D., D.H.), University of California Davis, Sacramento; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (A.K., R.C.G.), Chicago, IL; Rush University Medical Center Departments of Pediatrics (C.M., E.B.), Neurological Sciences and Biochemistry, Chicago, IL; University of Denver Morgridge College of Education (J.C.), Denver, CO; University of Colorado School of Medicine (T.T.), Aurora; Regis University (K.R.), Denver, CO; and University of California Riverside Graduate School of Education (K.F.W.), Riverside.
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118
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Lopez FV, Schade R, Ratajska A, Kenney L, Rodriguez K, Ray A, Santos L, Scott BM, Trifilio E, Bowers D. Unpacking the NIH Toolbox Emotion Battery in Persons With Parkinson's disease. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 38:205-212. [PMID: 36446750 PMCID: PMC9940110 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acac088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the relationship between the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Emotion Battery (Emotion Toolbox) and traditional measures in Parkinson's disease (PD). METHOD Persons with PD (n = 30) and cognitively healthy older adults (OA; n = 40) completed the Emotion Toolbox consisting of Well-Being, Negative Affect, and Social Satisfaction scores along with traditional measures of depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II [BDI-II]), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]), and apathy (Apathy Scale [AS]); total raw scores). RESULTS Separate bootstrapped analyses of covariance indicated that the PD group scored higher on BDI-II and STAI-State compared to OA (ps < .01); groups did not differ on Emotion Toolbox. In the PD group, bootstrapped partial correlations indicated that Negative Affect was positively related to BDI-II and STAI (ps ≤ .001). Social Satisfaction was negatively related to BDI-II and STAI-Trait (.05 < ps < .004). Psychological Well-Being was negatively related to BDI-II, AS, and STAI (p < .004). No relationships emerged in OA. In the PD group, separate binary logistic regressions showed that traditional measures (BDI-II, AS, and STAI-Trait) correctly classified 79.6% those with formal psychiatric diagnoses (presence vs. absence; p < .011), whereas Emotion Toolbox measures correctly classified 73.3% (p < .019). CONCLUSIONS The Emotion Toolbox showed moderate-strong correlations with traditional measures in persons with PD. Even so, it did not capture the group differences between PD and OA and had a somewhat lower classification accuracy rate for persons with PD who had a formal psychiatric diagnosis than traditional measures. Together, findings question the utility of the Emotion Toolbox as a stand-alone emotion screener in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca V Lopez
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Rachel Schade
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Adrianna Ratajska
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lauren Kenney
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Katie Rodriguez
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Alyssa Ray
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lauren Santos
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Bonnie M Scott
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Erin Trifilio
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Dawn Bowers
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Jamison JM, Egger D, Vazquez CE, McBride MJ, Pauling SN, Hess KE, Calzada EJ, Bearman SK. Mental Health Trajectories of Latinx Female Caregivers and Young Children During COVID-19: A Longitudinal Analysis. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2023; 32:571-585. [PMID: 36788947 PMCID: PMC9911948 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-023-02545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the impact of COVID-19 on mental health symptoms suggest that there may be a unique impact of COVID-19 on minoritized individuals, young children (children five and younger), and their caregivers. Longitudinal studies with representative samples including minoritized populations are needed to accurately reflect the experience of families during COVID-19. The current study used a longitudinal design to assess trajectories of mental health among Latinx female caregivers and their young children over time, beginning prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and over the course of 12 months. In fall of 2019, Latinx female caregivers (N = 213; 93.0% biological mother) of young children (M age = 5.38, SD = 0.34) reported on their own and their child's (52.6% female) mental health symptoms, as well as parenting stress, at three time points through Fall of 2020. Growth curve models showed that self-report of caregiver global mental health worsened over time, though caregiver depression and parenting stress did not change significantly, nor did caregiver-report of their children's mental health. Results suggest that while female caregiver well-being was adversely affected by COVID-19, caregivers showed resilience in the face of this pandemic, which in turn may have buffered the impact of the pandemic on Latinx child mental health. Methodological and contextual implications of these results are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesslyn M. Jamison
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1912 Speedway, Stop D5800, Austin, TX 78712-0383 USA
| | - Dominique Egger
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1912 Speedway, Stop D5800, Austin, TX 78712-0383 USA
| | - Christian E. Vazquez
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, 211S Cooper St, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - Megan J. McBride
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1912 Speedway, Stop D5800, Austin, TX 78712-0383 USA
| | - Sydney N. Pauling
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1912 Speedway, Stop D5800, Austin, TX 78712-0383 USA
| | - Katherine E. Hess
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1912 Speedway, Stop D5800, Austin, TX 78712-0383 USA
| | - Esther J. Calzada
- The Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, 1925 San Jacinto Blvd, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Sarah Kate Bearman
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1912 Speedway, Stop D5800, Austin, TX 78712-0383 USA
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COVID-Dynamic: A large-scale longitudinal study of socioemotional and behavioral change across the pandemic. Sci Data 2023; 10:71. [PMID: 36737442 PMCID: PMC9897616 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused enormous societal upheaval globally. In the US, beyond the devastating toll on life and health, it triggered an economic shock unseen since the great depression and laid bare preexisting societal inequities. The full impacts of these personal, social, economic, and public-health challenges will not be known for years. To minimize societal costs and ensure future preparedness, it is critical to record the psychological and social experiences of individuals during such periods of high societal volatility. Here, we introduce, describe, and assess the COVID-Dynamic dataset, a within-participant longitudinal study conducted from April 2020 through January 2021, that captures the COVID-19 pandemic experiences of >1000 US residents. Each of 16 timepoints combines standard psychological assessments with novel surveys of emotion, social/political/moral attitudes, COVID-19-related behaviors, tasks assessing implicit attitudes and social decision-making, and external data to contextualize participants' responses. This dataset is a resource for researchers interested in COVID-19-specific questions and basic psychological phenomena, as well as clinicians and policy-makers looking to mitigate the effects of future calamities.
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121
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Karpouzian-Rogers T, Makowski-Woidan B, Kuang A, Zhang H, Fought A, Engelmeyer J, Mesulam MM, Weintraub S, Rogalski E. NIH Toolbox ® Episodic Memory Measure Differentiates Older Adults with Exceptional Memory Capacity from those with Average-for-Age Cognition. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2023; 29:230-234. [PMID: 35225214 PMCID: PMC9439674 DOI: 10.1017/s135561772200008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Older adults with exceptional memory function, designated "SuperAgers," include individuals over age 80, with episodic memory at least as good as individuals ages 50s-60s. The Northwestern University SuperAging cohort is defined by performance on an established test of verbal memory. The purpose of this study was to determine if superior verbal memory extends to nonverbal memory in SuperAgers by examining differences in the National Institutes of Health Toolbox® (NIHTB) between older adults with exceptional memory and those with average-for-age cognition. METHOD SuperAgers (n = 46) and cognitively average-for-age older adults (n = 31) completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and the NIHTB Cognition module. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine differences on subtests between groups. RESULTS There was a significant effect of group on the Picture Sequence Memory score, (p = .007), such that SuperAgers had higher scores than cognitively average-for-age older adults. There were no other group effects across other non-episodic memory NIHTB Cognition measures. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study demonstrated stronger performance on the memory measure of the NIHTB in SuperAgers compared to cognitively average-for-age older adults demonstrating superior memory in not only verbal but also nonverbal episodic memory in this group. Additionally, this study adds to the literature validating the NIHTB in older adults, particularly in a novel population of adults over age 80 with exceptional memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Karpouzian-Rogers
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Beth Makowski-Woidan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alan Kuang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventative Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventative Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Angela Fought
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatic, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Janessa Engelmeyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M.-Marsel Mesulam
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Emily Rogalski
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Daniel E, Deng F, Patel SK, Sedrak MS, Kim H, Razavi M, Sun CL, Root JC, Ahles TA, Dale W, Chen BT. Cortical thinning in chemotherapy-treated older long-term breast cancer survivors. Brain Imaging Behav 2023; 17:66-76. [PMID: 36369620 PMCID: PMC10156471 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive decline is an increasing issue for cancer survivors, especially for older adults, as chemotherapy affects brain structure and function. The purpose of this single center study was to evaluate alterations in cortical thickness and cognition in older long-term survivors of breast cancer who had been treated with chemotherapy years ago. In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled 3 groups of women aged ≥ 65 years with a history of stage I-III breast cancer who had received adjuvant chemotherapy 5 to 15 years ago (chemotherapy group, C +), age-matched women with breast cancer but no chemotherapy (no-chemotherapy group, C-) and healthy controls (HC). All participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological testing with the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery at time point 1 (TP1) and again at 2 years after enrollment (time point 2 (TP2)). At TP1, there were no significant differences in cortical thickness among the 3 groups. Longitudinally, the C + group showed cortical thinning in the fusiform gyrus (p = 0.006, effect size (d) = -0.60 [ -1.86, -0.66]), pars triangularis (p = 0.026, effect size (d) = -0.43 [-1.68, -0.82]), and inferior temporal lobe (p = 0.026, effect size (d) = -0.38 [-1.62, -0.31]) of the left hemisphere. The C + group also showed decreases in neuropsychological scores such as the total composite score (p = 0.01, effect size (d) = -3.9726 [-0.9656, -6.9796], fluid composite score (p = 0.03, effect size (d) = -4.438 [-0.406, -8.47], and picture vocabulary score (p = 0.04, effect size (d) = -3.7499 [-0.0617, -7.438]. Our results showed that cortical thickness could be a candidate neuroimaging biomarker for cancer-related cognitive impairment and accelerated aging in older long-term cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Daniel
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Frank Deng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Sunita K Patel
- Department of Population Science, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Mina S Sedrak
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Heeyoung Kim
- Center for Cancer and Aging, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Marianne Razavi
- Department of Supportive Care Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Can-Lan Sun
- Center for Cancer and Aging, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - James C Root
- Neurocognitive Research Lab, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tim A Ahles
- Neurocognitive Research Lab, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - William Dale
- Center for Cancer and Aging, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Department of Supportive Care Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Bihong T Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA. .,Center for Cancer and Aging, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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Fernandes CSF, Deng Y, Tran AH, Hieftje KD, Boomer TMP, Taylor CK, Fiellin LE. A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate a Cognitive Behavioral Videogame Intervention: empowerED. Games Health J 2023; 12:42-52. [PMID: 36350349 PMCID: PMC10331148 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2021.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To design a cognitive behavioral videogame intervention and to evaluate its preliminary effect on improving youth's perceptions about themselves, their future, and their ability by incorporating skill development in cognitive reappraisal, an emotion regulation strategy to change perceptions. Materials and Methods: We conducted a pilot RCT to evaluate the preliminary efficacy of a videogame intervention, empowerED, in enhancing cognitive reappraisal skills. We also assessed beliefs/attitudes, self-efficacy, and emotional self-efficacy as well as user experience and feasibility. Youth (N = 100) aged 14-19 years from one school were enrolled in a pilot RCT assigned either to play empowerED or a control condition. Results: Improvements were noted in cognitive reappraisal in the empowerED group compared to the control group (LSM difference = 1.33, P = 0.01). There were no significant differences observed between treatment groups for beliefs/attitudes, self-efficacy, and emotional self-efficacy; however, the empowerED group reported improvements in beliefs/attitudes from pretest to posttest survey responses (M = 1.33, P = 0.01). Conclusion: Overall, the intervention was deemed easy to use and beneficial among youth, and feasibly delivered in a high school setting. Given the growing youth mental health needs in schools and the importance of school climate on healthy development, empowerED may offer an effective and innovative student-level approach to improve cognitive reappraisal and later empower youth to enact change in their school climate. Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT04025294.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia-Santi F. Fernandes
- play2PREVENT Lab/Yale Center for Health & Learning Games, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yanhong Deng
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alvin H. Tran
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kimberly D. Hieftje
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tyra M. Pendergrass Boomer
- play2PREVENT Lab/Yale Center for Health & Learning Games, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carolyn K. Taylor
- play2PREVENT Lab/Yale Center for Health & Learning Games, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lynn E. Fiellin
- play2PREVENT Lab/Yale Center for Health & Learning Games, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Grisanzio KA, Flournoy JC, Mair P, Somerville LH. Shifting qualities of negative affective experience through adolescence: Age-related change and associations with functional outcomes. Emotion 2023; 23:278-288. [PMID: 35201792 PMCID: PMC9756137 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Research shows negative affect increases in healthy adolescents, and this normative change is paralleled by increasing risk for the onset of psychopathology. However, research is limited in characterizing qualitative differences in the type of negative affect experienced beyond the positive-negative valence dimension. In the current study, we establish the relationship between different forms of negative affect and functioning outcomes (i.e., different facets of social functioning and life satisfaction), and examine whether these forms of negative affect are differentially prevalent across late childhood and adolescence. Seven-hundred and 70 participants aged 8-17 years completed self-report measures that assessed a wide range of negative affective experiences. A factor analysis on the negative affect items revealed a four-factor solution that characterized the dimensions of affective experience, with factors reflecting general anxiety, anger, evaluative anxiety, and sadness. Generalized additive model approaches revealed general anxiety increased nonlinearly with age and was associated with decreased reports of emotional support, a facet of social functioning. Anger was associated with increased perceived hostility, perceived rejection, and decreased life satisfaction, and remained stable across the age range. Evaluative anxiety was associated with greater loneliness and increased linearly with increasing age. Sadness was associated with all outcome measures and showed nonlinear changes with age, with notable increases in midadolescence. These results show that subsuming these subtypes of negative affect under a singular concept may obscure meaningful relationships between affect, age, and functioning. Exploring diverse forms of negative affect may help refine theories of emotional development and ultimately inform windows of risk for psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Stammen C, Fraenz C, Grazioplene RG, Schlüter C, Merhof V, Johnson W, Güntürkün O, DeYoung CG, Genç E. Robust associations between white matter microstructure and general intelligence. Cereb Cortex 2023:6994402. [PMID: 36682883 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Few tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) studies have investigated the relations between intelligence and white matter microstructure in healthy (young) adults, and those have yielded mixed observations, yet white matter is fundamental for efficient and accurate information transfer throughout the human brain. We used a multicenter approach to identify white matter regions that show replicable structure-function associations, employing data from 4 independent samples comprising over 2000 healthy participants. TBSS indicated 188 voxels exhibited significant positive associations between g factor scores and fractional anisotropy (FA) in all 4 data sets. Replicable voxels formed 3 clusters, located around the left-hemispheric forceps minor, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and cingulum-cingulate gyrus with extensions into their surrounding areas (anterior thalamic radiation, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus). Our results suggested that individual differences in general intelligence are robustly associated with white matter FA in specific fiber bundles distributed across the brain, consistent with the Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory of intelligence. Three possible reasons higher FA values might create links with higher g are faster information processing due to greater myelination, more direct information processing due to parallel, homogenous fiber orientation distributions, or more parallel information processing due to greater axon density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Stammen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraenz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Caroline Schlüter
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Viola Merhof
- Chair of Research Methods and Psychological Assessment, University of Mannheim, 68161 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wendy Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Colin G DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Erhan Genç
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
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Torre E, Auster-Gussman LA, Welch W, Solk P, Murphy K, Whitaker M, Mishory A, Starikovsky J, Cullather E, Hernandez J, Victorson DE, Phillips SM. Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise, Mindfulness Training and Combined Mindfulness and Exercise on Cognitive Performance. Am J Lifestyle Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/15598276221150152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and mindfulness are independently associated with improved cognitive function; however, the effects of their combination on cognitive function are unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an acute bout of PA, mindfulness training, and combined PA and mindfulness training on changes in cognitive function and perceived cognitive ability. Using a repeated measures within-subjects design, adults (N = 29, Mage = 28.6) completed three 20-minute counterbalanced conditions: a) mindfulness training (MIND); b) moderate-intensity walking (PA), and c) moderate-intensity walking while listening to PA-specific mindfulness training (PAMIND). Participants completed the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery and PROMIS Applied Cognition Short Form before and after each condition. Within-subjects repeated measures ANOVAs revealed inhibitory control, working memory, task shifting, processing speed and the fluid composite score ( P < .01 for all) improved from pre-to post-condition for all conditions. Perceived cognitive ability declined across all conditions pre- to post-condition ( P < .001); decreases were largest in the MIND condition. Cognitive performance improved following acute bouts of general mindfulness, PA, and the combination of the two, but perceived cognitive ability declined. Future work is warranted to examine effects in other populations and as a result of different PA and mindfulness doses and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Torre
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa A. Auster-Gussman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Whitney Welch
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Payton Solk
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karly Murphy
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Madelyn Whitaker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abby Mishory
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julia Starikovsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erin Cullather
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joanna Hernandez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David E. Victorson
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Siobhan M. Phillips
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Age-related differences in frontoparietal activation for target and distractor singletons during visual search. Atten Percept Psychophys 2023; 85:749-768. [PMID: 36627473 PMCID: PMC10066832 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-022-02640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Age-related decline in visual search performance has been associated with different patterns of activation in frontoparietal regions using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), but whether these age-related effects represent specific influences of target and distractor processing is unclear. Therefore, we acquired event-related fMRI data from 68 healthy, community-dwelling adults ages 18-78 years, during both conjunction (T/F target among rotated Ts and Fs) and feature (T/F target among Os) search. Some displays contained a color singleton that could correspond to either the target or a distractor. A diffusion decision analysis indicated age-related increases in sensorimotor response time across all task conditions, but an age-related decrease in the rate of evidence accumulation (drift rate) was specific to conjunction search. Moreover, the color singleton facilitated search performance when occurring as a target and disrupted performance when occurring as a distractor, but only during conjunction search, and these effects were independent of age. The fMRI data indicated that decreased search efficiency for conjunction relative to feature search was evident as widespread frontoparietal activation. Activation within the left insula mediated the age-related decrease in drift rate for conjunction search, whereas this relation in the FEF and parietal cortex was significant only for individuals younger than 30 or 44 years, respectively. Finally, distractor singletons were associated with significant parietal activation, whereas target singletons were associated with significant frontoparietal deactivation, and this latter effect increased with adult age. Age-related differences in frontoparietal activation therefore reflect both the overall efficiency of search and the enhancement from salient targets.
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Chapman KA, MacEachern D, Cox GF, Waller M, Fogarty J, Granger S, Stepanians M, Waisbren S. Neuropsychological endpoints for clinical trials in methylmalonic acidemia and propionic acidemia: A pilot study. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2023; 34:100953. [PMID: 36659999 PMCID: PMC9842695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This pilot study assessed instruments measuring relatively discrete neuropsychological domains to inform the selection of clinical outcome assessments that may be considered for interventional trials in methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) and propionic acidemia (PA). Methods Tests and questionnaires were selected for their possible relevance to MMA and PA and potential sensitivity to modest changes in functioning and behavior. Results Twenty-one patients (<18 years, n = 10;>18 years, n = 11) and/or their caregivers responded to video interviews and paper tests. Language deficits and significant motor deficits in some participants impacted scoring, especially in the verbal and processing speed sections of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV). However, all participants ≥12 years of age were able to complete the Cookie Theft Picture Task. Thus, verbal discourse remains a potentially useful endpoint for participants in this age group. The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS-3) Adaptive Behavior Composite and Communication Scores confirmed delayed or immature functioning in day-to-day activities in these participants. Significant motor deficits prevented completion of some tests. Computerized processing speed tasks, which require pressing a button or tapping a computer screen, may be easier than writing or checking off boxes on paper in this cohort. Sleep characteristics among MMA participants were within normative ranges of the Child and Adolescent Sleep Checklist (CASC), indicating that this measurement would not provide valuable data in a clinical trial. Despite their challenges, responses to the Metabolic Quality of Life Questionnaire indicated these patients and their caregivers perceive an overall high quality of life. Conclusion Overall, test and questionnaire results were notably different between participants with MMA and participants with PA. The study demonstrates that pilot studies can detect instruments that may not be appropriate for individuals with language or motor deficits and that may not provide a broad range of scores reflecting disease severity. It also provides a rationale for focusing on discrete neuropsychological domains since some aspects of functioning were less affected than others and some were more closely related to disease severity. When global measures are used, overall scores may mask specific deficits. A pilot study like this one cannot ensure that scores will change over time in response to a specific treatment in a clinical trial. However, it can avert the selection of instruments that do not show associations with severity or biomedical parameters likely to be the target of a clinical trial. A pilot study can also identify when differences in diagnoses and baseline functioning need to be addressed prior to developing the analytical plan for the trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A. Chapman
- Children's National Rare Disease Institute, 7125 13th Pl NW, Washington DC 20012, USA,Corresponding author at: 7125 13th Place NW, Washington DC 20012, USA.
| | - Devon MacEachern
- PROMETRIKA, LLC, 100 CambridgePark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Gerald F. Cox
- HemoShear Therapeutics Inc., 501 Locust Ave #301, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA,Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mavis Waller
- HemoShear Therapeutics Inc., 501 Locust Ave #301, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA
| | - Jeanine Fogarty
- HemoShear Therapeutics Inc., 501 Locust Ave #301, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA
| | - Suzanne Granger
- PROMETRIKA, LLC, 100 CambridgePark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | | | - Susan Waisbren
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Maes HHM, Lapato DM, Schmitt JE, Luciana M, Banich MT, Bjork JM, Hewitt JK, Madden PA, Heath AC, Barch DM, Thompson WK, Iacono WG, Neale MC. Genetic and Environmental Variation in Continuous Phenotypes in the ABCD Study®. Behav Genet 2023; 53:1-24. [PMID: 36357558 PMCID: PMC9823057 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-022-10123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Twin studies yield valuable insights into the sources of variation, covariation and causation in human traits. The ABCD Study® (abcdstudy.org) was designed to take advantage of four universities known for their twin research, neuroimaging, population-based sampling, and expertise in genetic epidemiology so that representative twin studies could be performed. In this paper we use the twin data to: (i) provide initial estimates of heritability for the wide range of phenotypes assessed in the ABCD Study using a consistent direct variance estimation approach, assuring that both data and methodology are sound; and (ii) provide an online resource for researchers that can serve as a reference point for future behavior genetic studies of this publicly available dataset. Data were analyzed from 772 pairs of twins aged 9-10 years at study inception, with zygosity determined using genotypic data, recruited and assessed at four twin hub sites. The online tool provides twin correlations and both standardized and unstandardized estimates of additive genetic, and environmental variation for 14,500 continuously distributed phenotypic features, including: structural and functional neuroimaging, neurocognition, personality, psychopathology, substance use propensity, physical, and environmental trait variables. The estimates were obtained using an unconstrained variance approach, so they can be incorporated directly into meta-analyses without upwardly biasing aggregate estimates. The results indicated broad consistency with prior literature where available and provided novel estimates for phenotypes without prior twin studies or those assessed at different ages. Effects of site, self-identified race/ethnicity, age and sex were statistically controlled. Results from genetic modeling of all 53,172 continuous variables, including 38,672 functional MRI variables, will be accessible via the user-friendly open-access web interface we have established, and will be updated as new data are released from the ABCD Study. This paper provides an overview of the initial results from the twin study embedded within the ABCD Study, an introduction to the primary research domains in the ABCD study and twin methodology, and an evaluation of the initial findings with a focus on data quality and suitability for future behavior genetic studies using the ABCD dataset. The broad introductory material is provided in recognition of the multidisciplinary appeal of the ABCD Study. While this paper focuses on univariate analyses, we emphasize the opportunities for multivariate, developmental and causal analyses, as well as those evaluating heterogeneity by key moderators such as sex, demographic factors and genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermine H. M. Maes
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033 USA ,grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA ,grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Dana M. Lapato
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033 USA
| | - J. Eric Schmitt
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Monica Luciana
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Marie T. Banich
- grid.266190.a0000000096214564Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA ,grid.266190.a0000000096214564Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - James M. Bjork
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - John K. Hewitt
- grid.266190.a0000000096214564Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA ,grid.266190.a0000000096214564Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - Pamela A. Madden
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO USA
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO USA
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO USA
| | - Wes K. Thompson
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Biostatistics and Department of Radiology, Population Neuroscience and Genetics Lab, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - William G. Iacono
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Michael C. Neale
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033 USA ,grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
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130
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Bellone KM, Elliott SC, Hynan LS, Warren B, Jarrett RB. Mindful Self-Care for Caregivers: A Proof of Concept Study Investigating a Model for Embedded Caregiver Support in a Pediatric Setting. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:539-552. [PMID: 34109461 PMCID: PMC8189552 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We conducted an open-trial proof of concept study to determine the safety, acceptability, and feasibility of Mindful Self-Care for Caregivers (MSCC) for parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) (N = 13). The intervention was offered as a co-located care model in a pediatric specialty center where the participants' children received care. Results demonstrated that the intervention was: highly acceptable to all stakeholders (i.e., participants, the group facilitator, and center administration) and could be conducted safely by a masters-level practitioner with minimal resources. Further, secondary measures support a hypothesized interventional model of MSCC, demonstrating gains in mindfulness skills and sense of competency in the parenting role reduced perceived stress and depression in parents of children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Bellone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Mail Code 9086, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Children's Health System of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Stephen C Elliott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Mail Code 9086, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Children's Health System of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Linda S Hynan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Mail Code 9086, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Beth Warren
- Children's Health System of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robin B Jarrett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Mail Code 9086, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
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131
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Zalewski M, Liu S, Gunnar M, Lengua LJ, Fisher PA. Mental-Health Trajectories of U.S. Parents With Young Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Universal Introduction of Risk. Clin Psychol Sci 2023; 11:183-196. [PMID: 36751427 PMCID: PMC9892531 DOI: 10.1177/21677026221083275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parents of young children were a subgroup of the population identified early in the pandemic as experiencing significant mental-health symptoms. Using a longitudinal sample of 3,085 parents from across the United States who had a child or children age 0 to 5, in the present study, we identified parental mental-health trajectories from April to November 2020 predicted by pre-COVID-19 cumulative risk and COVID-19-specific risk factors. Both growth-mixture modeling and latent-growth-curve modeling were used to test the relationship between risk factors and parent mental health. Pre-COVID-19 cumulative risk and COVID-19-specific risks of financial strain, decreased employment, and increased family conflict were salient risk factors predicting poor mental-health trajectories across both modeling approaches. These finding have public-health implications because prolonged exposure to mental-health symptoms in parents constitutes a risk factor for child development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sihong Liu
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University
| | - Megan Gunnar
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota
| | - Liliana J Lengua
- Center for Child and Family Well-Being, University of Washington.,Department of Psychology, University of Washington
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132
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O'Shea TM, Register HM, Yi JX, Jensen ET, Joseph RM, Kuban KCK, Frazier JA, Washburn L, Belfort M, South AM, Santos HP, Shenberger J, Perrin EM, Thompson AL, Singh R, Rollins J, Gogcu S, Sanderson K, Wood C, Fry RC. Growth During Infancy After Extremely Preterm Birth: Associations with Later Neurodevelopmental and Health Outcomes. J Pediatr 2023; 252:40-47.e5. [PMID: 35987367 PMCID: PMC10242541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations between changes in weight, length, and weight/length ratio during infancy and outcomes later in life among individuals born extremely preterm. STUDY DESIGN Among participants in the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn (ELGAN) study, we measured weight and length at discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and at age 2 years and evaluated neurocognitive, psychiatric, and health outcomes at age 10 years and 15 years. Using multivariable logistic regression, we estimated associations between gains in weight, length, and weight/length ratio z-scores between discharge and 2 years and outcomes at 10 and 15 years. High gain was defined as the top quintile of change; low gain, as the bottom quintile of change. RESULTS High gains in weight and weight/length were associated with greater odds of obesity at 10 years, but not at 15 years. These associations were found only for females. High gain in length z-score was associated with lower odds of obesity at 15 years. The only association found between high gains in growth measures and more favorable neurocognitive or psychiatric outcomes was between high gain in weight/length and lower odds of cognitive impairment at age 10 years. CONCLUSIONS During the 2 years after NICU discharge, females born extremely preterm with high gains in weight/length or weight have greater odds of obesity at 10 years, but not at 15 years. Infants with high growth gains in the 2 years after NICU discharge have neurocognitive and psychiatric outcomes in middle childhood and adolescence similar to those of infants with lower gains in weight and weight/length.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Michael O'Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Hannah M Register
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Joe X Yi
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Elizabeth T Jensen
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Robert M Joseph
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Karl C K Kuban
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jean A Frazier
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical Center, Worcester, MA
| | - Lisa Washburn
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Mandy Belfort
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew M South
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Hudson P Santos
- School of Nursing & Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
| | - Jeffrey Shenberger
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Eliana M Perrin
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Nursing, Baltimore, MD
| | - Amanda L Thompson
- Department of Anthropology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Rachana Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Tufts Children's Hospital, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Julie Rollins
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Semsa Gogcu
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Keia Sanderson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Charles Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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Boutelle KN, Rhee KE, Manzano MA, Bernard RS, Strong DR, Eichen DM, Anderson CCA, Marcus BH, Akshoomoff N, Crow SJ. Design of the FRESH-DOSE study: A randomized controlled noninferiority trial evaluating a guided self-help family-based treatment program for children with overweight or obesity. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 124:106996. [PMID: 36343880 PMCID: PMC9968239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity affect 45% of children and increases the risk for several negative health sequelae. Family-Based Behavioral Treatment (FBT) is the most efficacious treatment for child weight management and consists of nutrition and physical activity education, behavior change skills and parenting skills training. FBT is time and staff intensive and can include 20, 60-min separate groups for parents and children, as well as 20-min behavior coaching sessions to help problem solve barriers to implementing the skills learned and individualize the program. Guided self-help (GSH) therapies involve providing families a manual to review independently and brief coaching sessions by an interventionist to facilitate adherence. We developed a GSH version of FBT (gshFBT) which provides a manual to both parents and children and includes 14, 20-min coaching sessions over 6-months. The current study randomized 150 children (mean age = 10.1 years (SD = 1.38); mean BMI% = 97.3% (SD = 2.84); mean BMIz = 2.09 (SD = 0.40); 49% female; 43% Hispanic) and one of their parents (mean age = 41.8 years (SD = 6.52); mean BMI = 32.0 (SD = 7.24); 87.3% female; 43% Hispanic) to either a group-based FBT program or a gshFBT program. Assessments are conducted at baseline, post-treatment (6 months), 6-month follow-up (12 months) and 12-month follow-up (18 months). Primary outcomes are child weight change (BMIz) and cost effectiveness. Recruitment occurred between May 2017 and October 2021 and follow-up assessments are underway. Given the public health concern for children with obesity and the low level of access to FBT, gshFBT could prove extremely useful to provide intervention to a greater proportion of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri N Boutelle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Kyung E Rhee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael A Manzano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court Suite 102, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Rebecca S Bernard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David R Strong
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dawn M Eichen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cheryl C A Anderson
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bess H Marcus
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, box G-S121-3, Providence, RI 02912-G, USA
| | - Natacha Akshoomoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Scott J Crow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, F282/2A West 2450 Riverside Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
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Breneman CB, Reinhard MJ, Allen N, Belouali A, Chun T, Crock L, Duncan AD, Dutton MA. Gulf War Illness: A Randomized Controlled Trial Combining Mindfulness Meditation and Auricular Acupuncture. GLOBAL ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE AND HEALTH 2023; 12:27536130231171854. [PMID: 37151571 PMCID: PMC10161299 DOI: 10.1177/27536130231171854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Many Gulf War (GW) Veterans report chronic symptoms including pain, fatigue, and cognitive impairment, commonly defined as Gulf War Illness (GWI). Complementary and integrative health (CIH) therapies may potentially improve multiple symptoms of GWI. Objective To examine the effectiveness of combining 2 commonly available CIH therapies, mindfulness meditation and auricular acupuncture, in improving health-related functioning and multiple symptom domains of GWI (e.g., pain, fatigue). Methods This study was a randomized controlled trial in which Veterans with GWI were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 75), wherein they received 2 distinct CIH therapies - mindfulness meditation and auricular acupuncture, or the active control group, wherein they received a GW Health Education (GWHE) program (n = 74), each lasting 8 weeks. Self-report health measures were assessed at baseline, endpoint, and 3 month follow-up. Results In the intention-to-treat analyses, there were significant between-group differences for mental-health related functioning, fatigue, depression symptoms, and Kansas total severity scores for symptoms in which the CIH group had improved scores for these outcomes at endpoint compared to the GWHE group (all P ≤ .05). The CIH group also had significant reductions in pain interference at endpoint and follow-up compared to baseline (estimated marginal mean difference: -2.52 and -2.22, respectively; all P = .01), whereas no significant changes were observed in the GWHE group. For pain characteristics, the GWHE group had a worsening of pain at endpoint compared to baseline (estimated marginal mean difference: +2.83; P = .01), while no change was observed in the CIH group. Conclusion Findings suggest a possible beneficial effect of combining 2 CIH therapies, mindfulness meditation and auricular acupuncture, in reducing overall symptom severity and individual symptom domains of fatigue, musculoskeletal, and mood/cognition in Veterans with GWI. Trial Registration Clinical Trials identifier NCT02180243.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charity B. Breneman
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, War Related Illness and Injury Study Center(WRIISC), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew J. Reinhard
- Department of Veterans Affairs, War Related Illness and Injury Study Center(WRIISC), Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nathaniel Allen
- Department of Veterans Affairs, War Related Illness and Injury Study Center(WRIISC), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anas Belouali
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Timothy Chun
- Department of Veterans Affairs, War Related Illness and Injury Study Center(WRIISC), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lucas Crock
- Department of Veterans Affairs, War Related Illness and Injury Study Center(WRIISC), Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Mary Ann Dutton
- Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Abstract
Although language deficits are the primary area of weakness, people with poststroke aphasia often experience challenges with nonlinguistic cognitive skills, including attention processing. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the evidence for the relationship between attention deficits and language deficits in people with poststroke aphasia. Three different types of studies are reviewed: (1) studies exploring whether people with poststroke aphasia exhibit concomitant attention and language deficits, (2) studies explicitly exploring the relationship between attention and language deficits in people with poststroke aphasia, and (3) either language or attention (or both) treatment studies exploring whether treatment gains in one domain generalize to the other. In the last section, we briefly review research evidence for the neural basis of the attention-language relationship in aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Varkanitsa
- Aphasia Research Laboratory, Department of Speech, Language & Hearing Sciences, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erin Godecke
- Edith Cowan University and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Swathi Kiran
- Aphasia Research Laboratory, Department of Speech, Language & Hearing Sciences, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation, Boston, MA, USA
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Lee LJ, Son H, Wallen GR, Flynn S, Cox R, Yang L, Ross A. Symptom Clusters in Family Caregivers of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients: Loneliness as a Risk Factor. Transplant Cell Ther 2023; 29:50.e1-50.e8. [PMID: 36202335 PMCID: PMC9825650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A symptom cluster is a group of 2 or more symptoms that occur together and are related to each other. Family caregivers of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients experience multiple concurrent symptoms, but the majority of symptom research in this population has focused on assessing and managing individual symptoms. The purpose of this analysis was to determine (1) whether clusters of 5 highly prevalent symptoms (fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment) in allogeneic HSCT caregivers could be identified and (2) which caregiver and patient characteristics influence membership in the identified symptom cluster groups. Baseline cross-sectional data were collected from allogeneic HSCT caregivers participating in a randomized controlled trial at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. Measures included the Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA), Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II), Fatigue Symptom Inventory (MFSI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Cluster analysis was used to identify symptom clusters, and univariate analyses and multiple logistic regression were performed to identify factors that contribute to symptom clusters. The average age of caregivers (n = 44) was 45.20 ± 15.05 years; primarily white (52.3%) and female (88.6%) and often the spouse/partner of the patient (50.0%). Two symptom cluster groups were identified: low symptom burden (n = 24; 54.5%) and high symptom burden (n = 20; 45.5%). Caregivers with higher levels of loneliness (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.22; P = .004) were more likely to be in the high symptom burden group. This study provides evidence that 5 symptoms commonly found in family caregivers-fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment-tend to occur in clusters. Therefore, clinicians should be aware that caregivers with 1 or more of these symptoms may be at higher risk for developing the others, and caregivers reporting high levels of loneliness may be at particular risk. Future research is needed to identify novel interventions that target multiple, co-occurring symptoms. Such interventions also might include components that decrease loneliness. © 2022 American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena J Lee
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Hyojin Son
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gwenyth R Wallen
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sharon Flynn
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert Cox
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Li Yang
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alyson Ross
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
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Oh ES, Freeberg KA, Steele CN, Wang W, Farmer‐Bailey H, Coppock ME, Seals DR, Chonchol M, Rossman MJ, Craighead DH, Nowak KL. Cerebrovascular pulsatility index is higher in chronic kidney disease. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15561. [PMID: 36636757 PMCID: PMC9837424 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more likely to die of cardiovascular diseases, including cerebrovascular disease, than to progress to end-stage kidney disease. Cerebrovascular dysfunction, characterized by reduced cerebrovascular reactivity, cerebral hypoperfusion, and increased pulsatile flow within the brain, precedes the onset of dementia and is linked to cognitive dysfunction. However, whether impaired cerebrovascular function is present in non-dialysis dependent CKD is largely unknown. Using transcranial Doppler, we compared middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood velocity response to hypercapnia (normalized for blood pressure and end-tidal CO2 ; a measure of cerebrovascular reactivity) and MCA pulsatility index (PI; a measure of cerebrovascular stiffness) in patients with stage 3-4 CKD vs. age-matched healthy controls. We also administered the NIH cognitive toolbox (cognitive function), measured carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (PWV; aortic stiffness), and assessed ex vivo nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from human brain endothelial cells incubated with serum obtained from study participants. MCA PI was higher in patients with CKD vs. controls; however, normalized MCA blood velocity response to hypercapnia did not differ between groups. Similar results were observed in a validation cohort of midlife and older adults divided by the median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). MCA PI was associated with greater large-elastic artery stiffness (carotid-femoral PWV), worse executive function (trails B time), lower eGFR, and higher ex vivo ROS production. These data suggest that impaired kidney function is associated with greater cerebrovascular stiffness, which may contribute to the known increased risk for cognitive impairment in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester S. Oh
- Division of Renal Diseases and HypertensionUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Kaitlin A. Freeberg
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Cortney N. Steele
- Division of Renal Diseases and HypertensionUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Renal Diseases and HypertensionUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Heather Farmer‐Bailey
- Division of Renal Diseases and HypertensionUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - McKinley E. Coppock
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Douglas R. Seals
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases and HypertensionUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Matthew J. Rossman
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Daniel H. Craighead
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Kristen L. Nowak
- Division of Renal Diseases and HypertensionUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
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Hendrie HC. Screening and Assessment for Alzheimer's Disease in the Days of Biological Biomarkers. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:29-32. [PMID: 37066918 PMCID: PMC10846840 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The 1980s saw an upsurge of research in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The necessity of standardized assessment batteries became apparent, leading to the development of standardized instruments, such as the CERAD, the CAMDEX, the CSI 'D', and later the TOOLBOX. The advent of new biological markers has led to speculation in the research community about the necessity for these instruments. As the association of biomarkers with subsequent clinical dementia remains unclear, assessment batteries are still necessary, especially with growing evidence that prodromal symptoms of AD may not be cognitive decline but emotional or behavioral symptoms. Inclusion of ethnic minority groups is also essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh C. Hendrie
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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139
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Fauria K, Minguillon C, Knezevic I, Tort-Colet N, Stankeviciute L, Hernández L, Rădoi A, Deulofeu C, Fuentes-Julián S, Turull I, Fusté D, Sánchez-Benavides G, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Suárez-Calvet M, Holst SC, Garcés P, Mueggler T, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Arqueros A, Iranzo Á, Domingo Gispert J, Molinuevo JL, Grau-Rivera O. Exploring cognitive and biological correlates of sleep quality and their potential links with Alzheimer's disease (ALFASleep project): protocol for an observational study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e067159. [PMID: 36585141 PMCID: PMC9809234 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The growing worldwide prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the lack of effective treatments pose a dire medical challenge. Sleep disruption is also prevalent in the ageing population and is increasingly recognised as a risk factor and an early sign of AD. The ALFASleep project aims to characterise sleep with subjective and objective measurements in cognitively unimpaired middle/late middle-aged adults at increased risk of AD who are phenotyped with fluid and neuroimaging AD biomarkers. This will contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking sleep with AD, thereby paving the way for the development of non-invasive biomarkers and preventive strategies targeting sleep. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will invite 200 participants enrolled in the ALFA+ (for ALzheimer and FAmilies) prospective observational study to join the ALFASleep study. ALFA+ participants are cognitively unimpaired middle-aged/late middle-aged adults who are followed up every 3 years with a comprehensive set of evaluations including neuropsychological tests, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling, and MRI and positron emission tomography acquisition. ALFASleep participants will be additionally characterised with actigraphy and CSF-orexin-A measurements, and a subset (n=90) will undergo overnight polysomnography. We will test associations of sleep measurements and CSF-orexin-A with fluid biomarkers of AD and glial activation, neuroimaging outcomes and cognitive performance. In case we found any associations, we will test whether changes in AD and/or glial activation markers mediate the association between sleep and neuroimaging or cognitive outcomes and whether sleep mediates associations between CSF-orexin-A and AD biomarkers. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The ALFASleep study protocol has been approved by the independent Ethics Committee Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona (2018/8207/I). All participants have signed a written informed consent before their inclusion (approved by the same ethics committee). Study findings will be presented at national and international conferences and submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04932473.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Fauria
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Minguillon
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iva Knezevic
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Andreea Rădoi
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Israel Turull
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Fusté
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Aurora Arqueros
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álex Iranzo
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Oriol Grau-Rivera
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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Elvira UKA, Seoane S, Janssen J, Janssen N. Contributions of human amygdala nuclei to resting-state networks. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278962. [PMID: 36576924 PMCID: PMC9797096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala is a brain region with a complex internal structure that is associated with psychiatric disease. Methodological limitations have complicated the study of the internal structure of the amygdala in humans. In the current study we examined the functional connectivity between nine amygdaloid nuclei and existing resting-state networks using a high spatial-resolution fMRI dataset. Using data-driven analysis techniques we found that there were three main clusters inside the amygdala that correlated with the somatomotor, ventral attention and default mode networks. In addition, we found that each resting-state networks depended on a specific configuration of amygdaloid nuclei. Finally, we found that co-activity in the cortical-nucleus increased with the severity of self-rated fear in participants. These results highlight the complex nature of amygdaloid connectivity that is not confined to traditional large-scale divisions, implicates specific configurations of nuclei with certain resting-state networks and highlights the potential clinical relevance of the cortical-nucleus in future studies of the human amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel K. A. Elvira
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de la Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universidad de la Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sara Seoane
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de la Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universidad de la Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Joost Janssen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber del Área de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, UMCU Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Janssen
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de la Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universidad de la Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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141
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Baboli R, Cao M, Halperin JM, Li X. Distinct Thalamic and Frontal Neuroanatomical Substrates in Children with Familial vs. Non-Familial Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Brain Sci 2022; 13:46. [PMID: 36672028 PMCID: PMC9856951 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent, inheritable, and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder. Children with a family history of ADHD are at elevated risk of having ADHD and persisting its symptoms into adulthood. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of having or not having positive family risk factor in the neuroanatomy of the brain in children with ADHD. Cortical thickness-, surface area-, and volume-based measures were extracted and compared in a total of 606 participants, including 132, 165, and 309 in groups of familial ADHD (ADHD-F), non-familial ADHD (ADHD-NF), and typically developed children, respectively. Compared to controls, ADHD probands showed significantly reduced gray matter surface area in the left cuneus. Among the ADHD subgroups, ADHD-F showed significantly increased gray matter volume in the right thalamus and significantly thinner cortical thickness in the right pars orbitalis. Among ADHD-F, an increased volume of the right thalamus was significantly correlated with a reduced DSM-oriented t-score for ADHD problems. The findings of this study may suggest that a positive family history of ADHD is associated with the structural abnormalities in the thalamus and inferior frontal gyrus; these anatomical abnormalities may significantly contribute to the emergence of ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Baboli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07039, USA
| | - Meng Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07039, USA
| | - Jeffery M. Halperin
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York, NY 11367, USA
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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142
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Huang S, White DR, Marinkovic K. Alterations of theta power and synchrony during encoding in young adult binge drinkers: Subsequent memory effects associated with retrieval after 48 h and 6 months. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1061016. [PMID: 36591031 PMCID: PMC9798430 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1061016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Young emerging adults commonly engage in binge drinking which is associated with a range of neurocognitive deficits, including memory impairments. However, evidence on neural oscillations mediating episodic memory in this population is lacking. To address this gap, we recorded theta oscillatory activity in young binge (BDs) and light drinkers (LDs) during memory encoding and analyzed it prospectively as a function of subsequent retrieval. Theta underlies successful encoding of novel items in memory through corticolimbic integration. Subsequent memory effects (SMEs) are reflected in stronger theta activity during encoding of the items that are later remembered compared to those that are later forgotten. Methods In the present study, 23 BDs (age: 23.3 ± 3.3) and 24 LDs (age: 23.4 ± 3.3) rated emotionally evocative images with negative, positive, and neutral themes during implicit encoding. They performed a recognition memory task on two follow-up occasions after a short (48 h), and long retention delay (6 months). Electroencephalography (EEG) signal was recorded during the encoding session and analyzed in time-frequency domain with Morlet wavelets in theta band (4-7 Hz). To evaluate SMEs, the event-related theta oscillations acquired during encoding were analyzed based on recognition outcomes after the two retention intervals. Results The BD and LD groups did not differ on recognition memory. However, BDs showed attenuated event-related theta power during encoding of images that were successfully retained after 6 months compared to LDs. In addition, theta synchronous activity between frontal and left posterior regions during encoding successfully predicted recognition of the images after both retention delays in LDs but not in BDs. These SMEs on theta power and synchrony correlated negatively with high-intensity drinking in the previous 6 months. No differences between men and women were observed for any analysis. Discussion It has been well established that long-range neural synchrony between cortical and limbic nodes underlies successful memory encoding and retention which, in turn, depends on neural excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance. Given that binge drinking is associated with E/I dysregulation, the observed SME deficiencies are consistent with other evidence of neural hyperexcitability in BDs, and may be indicative of increased risk of developing alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Huang
- Spatio-Temporal Brain Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - David R. White
- Spatio-Temporal Brain Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ksenija Marinkovic
- Spatio-Temporal Brain Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego CA, United States,*Correspondence: Ksenija Marinkovic,
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143
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Judd N, Sauce B, Klingberg T. Schooling substantially improves intelligence, but neither lessens nor widens the impacts of socioeconomics and genetics. NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2022; 7:33. [PMID: 36522329 PMCID: PMC9755250 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-022-00148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Schooling, socioeconomic status (SES), and genetics all impact intelligence. However, it is unclear to what extent their contributions are unique and if they interact. Here we used a multi-trait polygenic score for cognition (cogPGS) with a quasi-experimental regression discontinuity design to isolate how months of schooling relate to intelligence in 6567 children (aged 9-11). We found large, independent effects of schooling (β ~ 0.15), cogPGS (β ~ 0.10), and SES (β ~ 0.20) on working memory, crystallized (cIQ), and fluid intelligence (fIQ). Notably, two years of schooling had a larger effect on intelligence than the lifetime consequences, since birth, of SES or cogPGS-based inequalities. However, schooling showed no interaction with cogPGS or SES for the three intelligence domains tested. While schooling had strong main effects on intelligence, it did not lessen, nor widen the impact of these preexisting SES or genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Judd
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bruno Sauce
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Torkel Klingberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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144
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Setton R, Mwilambwe-Tshilobo L, Girn M, Lockrow AW, Baracchini G, Hughes C, Lowe AJ, Cassidy BN, Li J, Luh WM, Bzdok D, Leahy RM, Ge T, Margulies DS, Misic B, Bernhardt BC, Stevens WD, De Brigard F, Kundu P, Turner GR, Spreng RN. Age differences in the functional architecture of the human brain. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:114-134. [PMID: 35231927 PMCID: PMC9758585 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic functional organization of the brain changes into older adulthood. Age differences are observed at multiple spatial scales, from global reductions in modularity and segregation of distributed brain systems, to network-specific patterns of dedifferentiation. Whether dedifferentiation reflects an inevitable, global shift in brain function with age, circumscribed, experience-dependent changes, or both, is uncertain. We employed a multimethod strategy to interrogate dedifferentiation at multiple spatial scales. Multi-echo (ME) resting-state fMRI was collected in younger (n = 181) and older (n = 120) healthy adults. Cortical parcellation sensitive to individual variation was implemented for precision functional mapping of each participant while preserving group-level parcel and network labels. ME-fMRI processing and gradient mapping identified global and macroscale network differences. Multivariate functional connectivity methods tested for microscale, edge-level differences. Older adults had lower BOLD signal dimensionality, consistent with global network dedifferentiation. Gradients were largely age-invariant. Edge-level analyses revealed discrete, network-specific dedifferentiation patterns in older adults. Visual and somatosensory regions were more integrated within the functional connectome; default and frontoparietal control network regions showed greater connectivity; and the dorsal attention network was more integrated with heteromodal regions. These findings highlight the importance of multiscale, multimethod approaches to characterize the architecture of functional brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Setton
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laetitia Mwilambwe-Tshilobo
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Manesh Girn
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amber W Lockrow
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Giulia Baracchini
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Colleen Hughes
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Jian Li
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wen-Ming Luh
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Mila – Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard M Leahy
- Department of Electrical Engineering-Systems, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tian Ge
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel S Margulies
- Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center (UMR 8002), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Boris C Bernhardt
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - W Dale Stevens
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Felipe De Brigard
- Department of Philosophy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Prantik Kundu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gary R Turner
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Nathan Spreng
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
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145
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Kim WSH, Ji X, Roudaia E, Chen JJ, Gilboa A, Sekuler A, Gao F, Lin Z, Jegatheesan A, Masellis M, Goubran M, Rabin JS, Lam B, Cheng I, Fowler R, Heyn C, Black SE, Graham SJ, MacIntosh BJ. MRI Assessment of Cerebral Blood Flow in Nonhospitalized Adults Who Self-Isolated Due to COVID-19. J Magn Reson Imaging 2022. [PMID: 36472248 PMCID: PMC9877942 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological symptoms associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), such as fatigue and smell/taste changes, persist beyond infection. However, little is known of brain physiology in the post-COVID-19 timeframe. PURPOSE To determine whether adults who experienced flu-like symptoms due to COVID-19 would exhibit cerebral blood flow (CBF) alterations in the weeks/months beyond infection, relative to controls who experienced flu-like symptoms but tested negative for COVID-19. STUDY TYPE Prospective observational. POPULATION A total of 39 adults who previously self-isolated at home due to COVID-19 (41.9 ± 12.6 years of age, 59% female, 116.5 ± 62.2 days since positive diagnosis) and 11 controls who experienced flu-like symptoms but had a negative COVID-19 diagnosis (41.5 ± 13.4 years of age, 55% female, 112.1 ± 59.5 since negative diagnosis). FIELD STRENGTH AND SEQUENCES A 3.0 T; T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid gradient and echo-planar turbo gradient-spin echo arterial spin labeling sequences. ASSESSMENT Arterial spin labeling was used to estimate CBF. A self-reported questionnaire assessed symptoms, including ongoing fatigue. CBF was compared between COVID-19 and control groups and between those with (n = 11) and without self-reported ongoing fatigue (n = 28) within the COVID-19 group. STATISTICAL TESTS Between-group and within-group comparisons of CBF were performed in a voxel-wise manner, controlling for age and sex, at a family-wise error rate of 0.05. RESULTS Relative to controls, the COVID-19 group exhibited significantly decreased CBF in subcortical regions including the thalamus, orbitofrontal cortex, and basal ganglia (maximum cluster size = 6012 voxels and maximum t-statistic = 5.21). Within the COVID-19 group, significant CBF differences in occipital and parietal regions were observed between those with and without self-reported on-going fatigue. DATA CONCLUSION These cross-sectional data revealed regional CBF decreases in the COVID-19 group, suggesting the relevance of brain physiology in the post-COVID-19 timeframe. This research may help elucidate the heterogeneous symptoms of the post-COVID-19 condition. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2. TECHNICAL EFFICACY Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S H Kim
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiang Ji
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eugenie Roudaia
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Jean Chen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Asaf Gilboa
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison Sekuler
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fuqiang Gao
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhongmin Lin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aravinthan Jegatheesan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maged Goubran
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Rabin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Lam
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ivy Cheng
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Integrated Community Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Fowler
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Emergency & Critical Care Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Heyn
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon J Graham
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Computational Radiology & Artificial Intelligence Unit, Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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146
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MacAulay RK, Halpin A, Andrews HE, Boeve A. Trait mindfulness associations with executive function and well-being in older adults. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:2399-2406. [PMID: 34766526 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1998352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study investigated trait mindfulness associations with distinct aspects of executive function. We also aimed to characterize relationships between trait mindfulness with measures of psychological risk and resilience within adults aged 55-87 years. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, 121 adults completed neuropsychological measures of working memory, mental set-shifting, and inhibition, as well as a battery of well-validated psychological self-report measures. The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) measured trait mindfulness. RESULTS Trait mindfulness was associated with greater age, years of education and self-efficacy, and less perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and subjective cognitive concerns. Hierarchal multiple regression analyses showed that trait mindfulness was a significant predictor of inhibitory control, even after adjusting for age, education, and global cognition in the model. Trait mindfulness was not significantly associated with working memory or mental set-shifting. Follow-up analyses using the PROCESS macro revealed that trait mindfulness mediated the relationship between perceived stress and inhibitory control. CONCLUSION Trait mindfulness was associated with measures of greater well-being and mental health. Our results also indicate that trait mindfulness may provide psychological resilience by attenuating perceived stress and enhancing the capacity to intentionally suppress irrelevant information and automatic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Halpin
- The Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | | | - Angelica Boeve
- The Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
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147
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Barajas-Gonzalez RG, Linares Torres H, Urcuyo A, Salamanca E, Kourousias L. Racialization, discrimination, and depression: A mixed-method study of the impact of an anti-immigrant climate on Latina immigrant mothers and their children. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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148
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Betts JL, Eggins E, Chandler‐Mather N, Shelton D, Till H, Harnett P, Dawe S. Interventions for improving executive functions in children with foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD): A systematic review. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2022; 18:e1258. [PMID: 36908848 PMCID: PMC9634003 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Background The consequences for children born with birth defects and developmental disabilities encompassed by foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) are profound, affecting all areas of social, behavioural and cognitive functioning. Given the strong evidence for a core deficit in executive functioning, underpinned by impaired self-regulation skills, there has been a growing focus on the development of interventions that enhance or support the development of executive functions (EFs). Objectives The primary objective of this review is to synthesise the evidence for structured psychological interventions that explicitly aim to improve EF in children. The review also sought to ascertain if the effectiveness of interventions were influenced by characteristics of the intervention, participants or type of EF targeted by the intervention. Search Methods Sixteen databases, 18 grey literature search locations and 9 trial registries were systematically searched to locate eligible studies (up to December 2020). These searches were supplemented with reference harvesting, forward citation searching, hand searches of topic-relevant journals and contact with experts. Selection Criteria Studies were included in the review if they reported on an impact evaluation of a psychological intervention aiming to improve EF in children 3-16 years who either had confirmed prenatal alcohol exposure or a formal diagnosis falling under the umbrella term of FASDs. Eligible study designs included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental designs with either no treatment, wait list control or an alternative treatment as a comparison condition. Single-group pre-post designs were also included. Data Collection and Analysis Standard methodological procedures expected by the Campbell Collaboration were used at all stages of this review. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) were used to estimate intervention effects, which were combined with random effects meta-analysis (data permitting). Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB2) and Cochrane Risk of Bias in Non-Randomised Studies-Interventions tool (ROBINS-I). Main Results The systematic search identified 3820 unique records. After title/abstract and full-text screening, 11 eligible studies (reported in 21 eligible documents) were deemed eligible, with a combined 253 participants. Of the 11 studies, 6 were RCTs, 1 was a quasi-experiment and 4 were single-group pre-post intervention designs. All studies were rated as having an overall high or serious risk of bias, with some variation across domains for RCTs. For RCT and quasi-experimental studies, the overall effect of EF interventions on direct and indirect measures of EF generally favoured the experimental condition, but was not statistically significant. There was no difference between intervention and comparison groups on direct measures of auditory attention (k = 3; SMD = 0.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.06, 1.18), visual attention (k = 2; SMD = 0.90, 95% CI = -1.41, 3.21), cognitive flexibility (k = 2; SMD = 0.23, 95% CI = -0.40, 0.86), attentional inhibition (k = 2; SMD = 0.04, 95% CI = -0.58, 0.65), response inhibition (k = 3; SMD = 0.47, 95% CI = -0.04, 0.99), or verbal working memory (k = 1; d = 0.6827; 95% CI = -0.0196, 1.385). Significant heterogeneity was found across studies on measures of auditory attention and visual attention, but not for measures of cognitive flexibility, attentional inhibition or response inhibition. Available data prohibited further exploration of heterogeneity. There was no statistical difference between intervention and comparison groups on indirect measures of global executive functioning (k = 2; SMD = 0.21, 95% CI = -0.40, 0.82), behavioural regulation (k = 2; SMD = 0.18, 95% CI = -0.43, 0.79), or emotional control (k = 3; SMD = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.33, 0.36). Effect sizes were positive and not significant for meta-cognition (k = 1; SMD = 0.23, 95% CI = -0.72, 1.19), shifting (k = 2; SMD = 0.04, 95% CI = -0.35, 0.43), initiation (k = 1; SMD = 0.04, 95% CI = -0.40, 0.49), monitoring (k = 1; SMD = 0.25, 95% CI = -0.20, 0.70) and organisation of materials (k = 1; SMD = 0.25, 95% CI = -0.19, 0.70). Effect sizes were negative and not statistically different for effortful control (k = 1; SMD = -0.53, 95% CI = -1.50, 0.45), inhibition (k = 2; SMD = -0.08, 95% CI = -0.47, 0.31), working memory (k = 1; SMD = 0.00, 95% CI = -0.45, 0.44), and planning and organisation (k = 1; SMD = -0.10, 95% CI = -0.55, 0.34). No statistically significant heterogeneity was found for any of the syntheses of indirect measures of EF. Based on pre-post single-group designs, there was evidence for small to medium sized improvements in EF based on direct measures (cognitive flexibility, verbal working memory and visual working memory) and indirect measures (behavioural regulation, shifting, inhibition and meta-cognition). However, these results must be interpreted with caution due to high risk of bias. Authors' Conclusions This review found limited and uncertain evidence for the effectiveness of interventions for improving executive functioning in children with FASD across 8 direct and 13 indirect measures of EF. The findings are limited by the small number of high-quality studies that could be synthesised by meta-analysis and the very small sample sizes for the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lee Betts
- School of Applied PsychologyGriffith UniversityBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Elizabeth Eggins
- School of Applied PsychologyGriffith UniversityBrisbaneAustralia
| | | | - Doug Shelton
- Child Development ServiceGold Coast Hospital and Health ServiceSouthportAustralia
| | - Haydn Till
- Child Development Service, Gold Coast Hospital and Health ServiceSouthportAustralia
| | - Paul Harnett
- School of Criminology and Criminal JusticeGriffith UniversityMount GravattAustralia
| | - Sharon Dawe
- School of Applied PsychologyGriffith UniversityBrisbaneAustralia
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Subjective, neuropsychological, and neural markers of memory in older adults. Int Psychogeriatr 2022; 34:1035-1043. [PMID: 34763748 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610221002623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between the P300 event-related potential, neuropsychological measures of memory, subjective memory complaints (SMCs), and indicators of psychosocial functioning. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this cross-sectional study of 79 community-based older adults, aged 60-75 years, participants completed online surveys and in-person neuropsychological and electroencephalogram (EEG) assessments. MEASUREMENTS Measures included: the Change subscale of the Metamemory in Adulthood Questionnaire, NIH Toolbox Emotions battery (Perceived Stress and Psychological Well-Being), Geriatric Depression Scale, Geriatric Anxiety Scale, electrocortical measures (EEG), California Verbal Learning Test, 3rd Edition, and diagnostic ratings for mild and major neurocognitive disorders based on full neuropsychological battery, clinical interview, and two-clinician consensus. RESULTS P300 amplitude was associated with long-delay verbal memory recall and diagnostic rating. SMCs were not associated with objective memory or diagnostic rating. SMCs were associated with higher perceived stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms and lower psychological well-being. CONCLUSIONS Neural indicators such as the P300 may be useful for early detection of cognitive impairment. SMCs were not a reliable indicator of early memory impairment in relation to neuropsychological or neural indicators, but may be a useful indicator of unreported stress and mood symptoms in clinical settings.
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150
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Loughnan R, Palmer CE, Makowski C, Thompson WK, Barch DM, Jernigan TL, Dale AM, Fan CC. Unique prediction of developmental psychopathology from genetic and familial risk. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:1631-1643. [PMID: 35764363 PMCID: PMC9691563 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection is critical for easing the rising burden of psychiatric disorders. However, the specificity of psychopathological measurements and genetic predictors is unclear among youth. METHODS We measured associations between genetic risk for psychopathology (polygenic risk scores (PRS) and family history (FH) measures) and a wide range of behavioral measures in a large sample (n = 5,204) of early adolescent participants (9-11 years) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development StudySM . Associations were measured both with and without accounting for shared variance across measures of genetic risk. RESULTS When controlling for genetic risk for other psychiatric disorders, polygenic risk for problematic opioid use (POU) is uniquely associated with lower behavioral inhibition. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression (DEP), and attempted suicide (SUIC) PRS shared many significant associations with externalizing, internalizing, and psychosis-related behaviors. However, when accounting for all measures of genetic and familial risk, these PRS also showed clear, unique patterns of association. Polygenic risk for ASD, BIP, and SCZ, and attempted suicide uniquely predicted variability in cognitive performance. FH accounted for unique variability in behavior above and beyond PRS and vice versa, with FH measures explaining a greater proportion of unique variability compared to the PRS. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that, among youth, many behaviors show shared genetic influences; however, there is also specificity in the profile of emerging psychopathologies for individuals with high genetic risk for particular disorders. This may be useful for quantifying early, differential risk for psychopathology in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Loughnan
- Population Neuroscience and Genetics, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Clare E. Palmer
- Center for Human Development, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Carolina Makowski
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, USA
| | - Wesley K. Thompson
- Population Neuroscience and Genetics, University of California San Diego, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego USA
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Psychological & Brain Sciences, Psychiatry and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis USA
| | - Terry L. Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, University of California San Diego, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, USA
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, USA
| | - Chun Chieh Fan
- Population Neuroscience and Genetics, University of California San Diego, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, USA
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