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Arias-Mutis OJ, Marrachelli VG, Ruiz-Saurí A, Alberola A, Morales JM, Such-Miquel L, Monleon D, Chorro FJ, Such L, Zarzoso M. Development and characterization of an experimental model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rabbit. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178315. [PMID: 28542544 PMCID: PMC5441642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become one of the main concerns for public health because of its link to cardiovascular disease. Murine models have been used to study the effect of MetS on the cardiovascular system, but they have limitations for studying cardiac electrophysiology. In contrast, the rabbit cardiac electrophysiology is similar to human, but a detailed characterization of the different components of MetS in this animal is still needed. Our objective was to develop and characterize a diet-induced experimental model of MetS that allows the study of cardiovascular remodeling and arrhythmogenesis. Male NZW rabbits were assigned to control (n = 15) or MetS group (n = 16), fed during 28 weeks with high-fat, high-sucrose diet. We measured weight, morphological characteristics, blood pressure, glycaemia, standard plasma biochemistry and the metabolomic profile at weeks 14 and 28. Liver histological changes were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining. A mixed model ANOVA or unpaired t-test were used for statistical analysis (P<0.05). Weight, abdominal contour, body mass index, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure increased in the MetS group at weeks 14 and 28. Glucose, triglycerides, LDL, GOT-AST, GOT/GPT, bilirubin and bile acid increased, whereas HDL decreased in the MetS group at weeks 14 and 28. We found a 40% increase in hepatocyte area and lipid vacuoles infiltration in the liver from MetS rabbits. Metabolomic analysis revealed differences in metabolites related to fatty acids, energetic metabolism and microbiota, compounds linked with cardiovascular disease. Administration of high-fat and high-sucrose diet during 28 weeks induced obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertension, non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis and metabolic alterations, thus reproducing the main clinical manifestations of the metabolic syndrome in humans. This experimental model should provide a valuable tool for studies into the mechanisms of cardiovascular problems related to MetS, with special relevance in the study of cardiovascular remodeling, arrhythmias and SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Julián Arias-Mutis
- Health Research Institute (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vannina G. Marrachelli
- Health Research Institute (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Alberola
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Luis Such-Miquel
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Monleon
- Health Research Institute (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Chorro
- Health Research Institute (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Such
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Zarzoso
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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152
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Wu L, Sun Y, Wan J, Luan T, Cheng Q, Tan Y. A proteomic analysis identifies candidate early biomarkers to predict ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:272-280. [PMID: 28534980 PMCID: PMC5482139 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a potentially life‑threatening, iatrogenic complication that occurs during assisted reproduction. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) significantly increases the risk of OHSS during controlled ovarian stimulation. Therefore, a more effective early prediction technique is required in PCOS patients. Quantitative proteomic analysis of serum proteins indicates the potential diagnostic value for disease. In the present study, the authors revealed the differentially expressed proteins in OHSS patients with PCOS as new diagnostic biomarkers. The promising proteins obtained from liquid chromatography‑mass spectrometry were subjected to ELISA and western blotting assay for further confirmation. A total of 57 proteins were identified with significant difference, of which 29 proteins were upregulated and 28 proteins were downregulated in OHSS patients. Haptoglobin, fibrinogen and lipoprotein lipase were selected as candidate biomarkers. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated all three proteins may have potential as biomarkers to discriminate OHSS in PCOS patients. Haptoglobin, fibrinogen and lipoprotein lipase have never been reported as a predictive marker of OHSS in PCOS patients, and their potential roles in OHSS occurrence deserve further studies. The proteomic results reported in the present study may gain deeper insights into the pathophysiology of OHSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wu
- First Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, P.R. China
| | - Yazhou Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Obstetrics, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Ting Luan
- Department of Obstetrics, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Yong Tan
- First Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, P.R. China
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153
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Xiao X, Clark JM, Park Y. Potential contribution of insecticide exposure and development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 105:456-474. [PMID: 28487232 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of insecticides has greatly improved agricultural productivity and human nutrition; however, the wide use of insecticides has also sparked growing concern over their health impacts. Increased rate of cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, reproductive dysfunction, birth defects, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and aging have been linked with insecticide exposure. Meanwhile, a growing body of evidence is suggesting that exposure to insecticides can also potentiate the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. This review summarizes the relationship between insecticide exposure and development of obesity and type 2 diabetes using epidemiological and rodent animal studies, including potential mechanisms. The evidence as a whole suggests that exposure to insecticides is linked to increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - John M Clark
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, MA, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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154
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Labaronne E, Pinteur C, Vega N, Pesenti S, Julien B, Meugnier-Fouilloux E, Vidal H, Naville D, Le Magueresse-Battistoni B. Low-dose pollutant mixture triggers metabolic disturbances in female mice leading to common and specific features as compared to a high-fat diet. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 45:83-93. [PMID: 28433925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants are potential etiologic factors of obesity and diabetes that reach epidemic proportions worldwide. However, it is important to determine if pollutants could exert metabolic defects without directly inducing obesity. The metabolic disturbances triggered in nonobese mice lifelong exposed to a mixture of low-dose pollutants (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxine, polychlorinated biphenyl 153, diethylhexyl-phthalate, and bisphenol A) were compared with changes provoked by a high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet not containing the pollutant mixture. Interestingly, females exposed to pollutants exhibited modifications in lipid homeostasis including a significant increase of hepatic triglycerides but also distinct features from those observed in diet-induced obese mice. For example, they did not gain weight nor was glucose tolerance impacted. To get more insight, a transcriptomic analysis was performed in liver for comparison. We observed that in addition to the xenobiotic/drug metabolism pathway, analysis of the hepatic signature illustrated that the steroid/cholesterol, fatty acid/lipid and circadian clock metabolic pathways were targeted in response to pollutants as observed in the diet-induced obese mice. However, the specific sets of dysregulated annotated genes (>1300) did not overlap more than 40% between both challenges with some genes specifically altered only in response to pollutant exposure. Collectively, results show that pollutants and HFHS affect common metabolic pathways, but by different, albeit overlapping, mechanisms. This is highly relevant for understanding the synergistic effects between pollutants and the obesogenic diet reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Labaronne
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Charles Mérieux Medical School, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Claudie Pinteur
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Charles Mérieux Medical School, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Nathalie Vega
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Charles Mérieux Medical School, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Sandra Pesenti
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Charles Mérieux Medical School, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Benoit Julien
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Charles Mérieux Medical School, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Emmanuelle Meugnier-Fouilloux
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Charles Mérieux Medical School, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Hubert Vidal
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Charles Mérieux Medical School, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Danielle Naville
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Charles Mérieux Medical School, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Brigitte Le Magueresse-Battistoni
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Charles Mérieux Medical School, F-69600 Oullins, France.
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155
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Hong SH, Sung YA, Hong YS, Ha E, Jeong K, Chung H, Lee H. Urinary bisphenol A is associated with insulin resistance and obesity in reproductive-aged women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017; 86:506-512. [PMID: 27801986 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The prevalence of obesity has markedly increased and is closely related to insulin resistance. Although lifestyle and genetic predisposition are significant factors influencing the pathophysiology within the body, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are also important triggers of metabolic disturbance. We investigated the relationship between exposure to EDCs and insulin resistance and obesity in healthy, reproductive-aged women. SUBJECTS/METHODS This cross-sectional analysis included 296 healthy, reproductive-aged women between 30 and 49 years. Metabolically healthy was defined as an absence of the components of metabolic syndrome. Urinary levels of bisphenol A (BPA), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS). Homoeostatic model analysis of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was utilized as an index of insulin resistance. RESULTS Urinary BPA levels were positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, fasting serum insulin and HOMA-IR. MEHHP, MEOHP and MnBP were not associated with any of the above parameters. In the multiple regression analysis, the BPA levels were significantly associated with BMI and waist circumference after adjusting for age, smoking and alcohol consumption status, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR values were also significantly related to urinary BPA concentration after adjusting for confounding variables. Metabolically unhealthy women exhibited significantly higher levels of urinary BPA (P = 0·01) compared to metabolically healthy women. CONCLUSIONS Higher urinary BPA levels are associated with obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic disruption in Korean reproductive-aged women. BPA could play an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic abnormalities. Further studies are required to elucidate the relationship between EDCs and metabolic disturbances in various age and sex groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hyeon Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ah Sung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sun Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunhee Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungah Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyewon Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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156
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Xu JY, Wu L, Shi Z, Zhang XJ, Englert NA, Zhang SY. Upregulation of human CYP2C9 expression by Bisphenol A via estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and Med25. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:970-978. [PMID: 27273787 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an important industrial chemical, mainly used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins. Due to its widespread use, humans have a high risk of exposure to BPA. BPA has been found to have adverse health effects such as interfering with hormone-related pathways and is well-known to act as an endocrine disruptor. The present study is the first to show the induction effect of BPA on gene expression and enzyme activity of CYP2C9, an important hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme in human. We further identify the mechanism of BPA upregulation of CYP2C9 expression. We show that BPA is able to transcriptionally activate CYP2C9 promoter through ERα and ERE site within the CYP2C9 promoter region in HepG2 cells, and can induce CYP2C9 gene expression and enzyme activity in human primary hepatocytes. Moreover, we demonstrate that Med25, a variable member of the Mediator complex, is a coactivator of ligand-activated ERα that interacts with ERα through its C-terminal LXXLL motif after BPA exposure, and is functionally involved in BPA-induced transcriptional regulation of CYP2C9 expression and enzyme activity. Our findings suggest that BPA exposure has a potential risk for adverse health effects in human liver metabolism by upregulation of CYP2C9 expression. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 970-978, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Zhe Shi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Neal A Englert
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Shu-Yun Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
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157
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Bisphenol A Is More Potent than Phthalate Metabolites in Reducing Pancreatic β-Cell Function. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4614379. [PMID: 28286763 PMCID: PMC5327753 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4614379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates are common environmental contaminants that have been proposed to influence incidence and development of types 1 and 2 diabetes. Thus, effects of BPA and three phthalate metabolites (monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP)) were studied in the pancreatic β-cell line INS-1E, after 2–72 h of exposure to 5–500 μM. Three endpoints relevant to accelerated development of types 1 or 2 diabetes were investigated: β-cell viability, glucose-induced insulin secretion, and β-cell susceptibility to cytokine-induced cell death. BPA and the phthalate metabolites reduced cellular viability after 72 h of exposure, with BPA as the most potent chemical. Moreover, BPA, MEHP, and MnBP increased insulin secretion after 2 h of simultaneous exposure to chemicals and glucose, with potency BPA > MEHP > MnBP. Longer chemical exposures (24–72 h) showed no consistent effects on glucose-induced insulin secretion, and none of the environmental chemicals affected susceptibility to cytokine-induced cell death. Overall, BPA was more potent than the investigated phthalate metabolites in affecting insulin secretion and viability in the INS-1E pancreatic β-cells. In contrast to recent literature, concentrations with relevance to human exposures (1–500 nM) did not affect the investigated endpoints, suggesting that this experimental model displayed relatively low sensitivity to environmental chemical exposure.
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158
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Tributyltin exposure at noncytotoxic doses dysregulates pancreatic β-cell function in vitro and in vivo. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3135-3144. [PMID: 28180948 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is an endocrine disruptor. TBT can be found in food and in human tissues and blood. Several animal studies revealed that organotins induced diabetes with decreased insulin secretion. The detailed effect and mechanism of TBT on pancreatic β-cell function still remain unclear. We investigated the effect and mechanism of TBT exposure at noncytotoxic doses relevant to human exposure on β-cell function in vitro and in vivo. The β-cell-derived RIN-m5F cells and pancreatic islets from mouse and human were treated with TBT (0.05-0.2 μM) for 0.5-4 h. Adult male mice were orally exposed to TBT (25 μg/kg/day) with or without antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for 1-3 weeks. Assays for insulin secretion and glucose metabolism were carried out. Unlike previous studies, TBT at noncytotoxic concentrations significantly increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in β-cells. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC-pan) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 were also increased. These TBT-triggered effects could be reversed by antiestrogen ICI182780 and inhibitors of ROS, [Ca2+]i, and PKC, but not ERK. Similarly, islets treated with TBT significantly increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, which could be reversed by ICI182780, NAC, and PKC inhibitor. Mice exposed to TBT for 3 weeks significantly increased blood glucose and plasma insulin and induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, which could be reversed by NAC. These findings suggest that low/noncytotoxic doses of TBT induce insulin dysregulation and disturb glucose homeostasis, which may be mediated through the estrogen receptor-regulated and/or oxidative stress-related signaling pathways.
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159
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Abstract
Red meat (beef, veal, pork, lamb and mutton) consumption contributes several important nutrients to the diet, for example essential amino acids, vitamins (including B12) and minerals (including iron and zinc). Processed red meat (ham, sausages, bacon, frankfurters, salami, etc.) undergoes treatment (curing, smoking, salting or the use of chemical preservatives and additives) to improve its shelf life and/or taste. During recent decades, consumption of red meat has been increasing globally, especially in developing countries. At the same time, there has been growing evidence that high consumption of red meat, especially of processed meat, may be associated with an increased risk of several major chronic diseases. Here, a comprehensive summary is provided of the accumulated evidence based on prospective cohort studies regarding the potential adverse health effects of red meat consumption on major chronic diseases, such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke and cancer at several sites, and mortality. Risk estimates from pooled analyses and meta-analyses are presented together with recently published findings. Based on at least six cohorts, summary results for the consumption of unprocessed red meat of 100 g day-1 varied from nonsignificant to statistically significantly increased risk (11% for stroke and for breast cancer, 15% for cardiovascular mortality, 17% for colorectal and 19% for advanced prostate cancer); for the consumption of 50 g day-1 processed meat, the risks were statistically significantly increased for most of the studied diseases (4% for total prostate cancer, 8% for cancer mortality, 9% for breast, 18% for colorectal and 19% for pancreatic cancer, 13% for stroke, 22% for total and 24% for cardiovascular mortality and 32% for diabetes). Potential biological mechanisms underlying the observed risks and the environmental impact of red meat production are also discussed. The evidence-based integrated message is that it is plausible to conclude that high consumption of red meat, and especially processed meat, is associated with an increased risk of several major chronic diseases and preterm mortality. Production of red meat involves an environmental burden. Therefore, some European countries have already integrated these two issues, human health and the 'health of the planet', into new dietary guidelines and recommended limiting consumption of red meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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160
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Carrizo D, Chevallier OP, Woodside JV, Brennan SF, Cantwell MM, Cuskelly G, Elliott CT. Untargeted metabolomic analysis of human serum samples associated with exposure levels of Persistent organic pollutants indicate important perturbations in Sphingolipids and Glycerophospholipids levels. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:731-738. [PMID: 27825712 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are distributed globally and are associated with adverse health effects in humans. A study combining gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTof-MS) and chemometrics for the analysis of adult human serum samples was undertaken. Levels of serum POPs found were in the low range of what has been reported in similar populations across Europe (median 33.84 p, p'-DDE, 3.02 HCB, 83.55 β-HCH, 246.62 PCBs ng/g lipids). Results indicated that compounds concentrations were significantly different between the two groups of POPs exposure (high vs low) and classes (DDE, β-HCH, HCB, PCBs). Using orthogonal partial last-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), multivariate models were created for both modes of acquisition and POPs classes, explaining the maximum amount of variation between sample groups (positive mode R2 = 98-90%; Q2 = 94-75%; root mean squared error of validation (RMSEV) = 12-20%: negative mode R2 = 98-91%; Q2 = 94-81%; root mean squared error of validation (RMSEV) = 10-19%. In the serum samples analyzed, a total 3076 and 3121 ions of interest were detected in positive and negative mode respectively. Of these, 40 were found to be significantly different (p < 0.05) between exposure levels. Sphingolipids and Glycerophospholipids lipids families were identified and found significantly (p < 0.05) different between high and low POPs exposure levels. This study has shown that the elucidation of metabolomic fingerprints may have the potential to be classified as biomarkers of POPs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Carrizo
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, 18-30 Malone Road, BT9 5BN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Astrobiology Centre (INTA-CSIC), Dept. of Planetology and Habitability, Torrejón de Ardóz 28850, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Olivier P Chevallier
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, 18-30 Malone Road, BT9 5BN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne V Woodside
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland), Institute of Clinical Science B, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah F Brennan
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA, United Kingdom
| | - Marie M Cantwell
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA, United Kingdom
| | - Geraldine Cuskelly
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, 18-30 Malone Road, BT9 5BN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, 18-30 Malone Road, BT9 5BN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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161
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Colleta SJ, Antoniassi JQ, Zanatelli M, Santos FCA, Góes RM, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Acute exposure to bisphenol A and cadmium causes changes in the morphology of gerbil ventral prostates and promotes alterations in androgen-dependent proliferation and cell death. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:48-61. [PMID: 26537420 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and cadmium (Cd) are environmental pollutants that are implicated in potential reproductive effects, including damage to the prostate gland. Their action during puberty requires analysis to determine the relationship of these compounds with the testosterone peak that occurs during this phase. This study evaluated whether exposure to BPA and Cd during puberty can cause changes in the morphology, proliferation and cell death and androgen receptor (AR) immunostaining of the ventral prostates of normal and castrated male gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), considering an acute exposure to the chemicals and evaluation after short (52d) and long (120d) periods. Generally, morphometric-stereological results demonstrated that administration of BPA and Cd (individually or in combination) increased epithelial height, smooth muscle layer (SML) thickness and nuclear area and perimeter, and that these parameters were reduced in castrated animals. In addition, these groups showed important inflammatory processes but not prostate lesions. The proliferation/death rates of prostatic cells obtained by PCNA and TUNEL immunostaining demonstrated increased cell death in the 52d groups; in contrast, the gland acquired a more proliferative nature in the 120d groups. AR immunostaining showed that BPA and Cd compounds interact with ARs in different ways depending on the evaluated period and the hormonal profile of the animal. We conclude that BPA and cadmium are important agents in changing the morphology, proliferation and death of prostatic cells, in addition to interacting with ARs in different patterns. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 48-61, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone J Colleta
- Department of Biology Structural and Functional, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Q Antoniassi
- Department of Biology Structural and Functional, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marianna Zanatelli
- Department of Biology Structural and Functional, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C A Santos
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Federal University of Goiás-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Department of Biology Structural and Functional, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Biology Structural and Functional, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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162
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Malaguarnera R, Vella V, Nicolosi ML, Belfiore A. Insulin Resistance: Any Role in the Changing Epidemiology of Thyroid Cancer? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:314. [PMID: 29184536 PMCID: PMC5694441 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer (TC), namely of its papillary hystotype (PTC), has shown a steady increase worldwide, which has been attributed at least in part to the increasing diagnosis of early stage tumors. However, some evidence suggests that environmental and lifestyle factors can also play a role. Among the potential risk factors involved in the changing epidemiology of TC, particular attention has been drawn to insulin-resistance and related metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, which have been also rapidly increasing worldwide due to widespread dietary and lifestyle changes. In accordance with this possibility, various epidemiological studies have indeed gathered substantial evidence that insulin resistance-related metabolic disorders might be associated with an increased TC risk either through hyperinsulinemia or by affecting other TC risk factors including iodine deficiency, elevated thyroid stimulating hormone, estrogen-dependent signaling, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, and others. This review summarizes the current literature evaluating the relationship between metabolic disorders characterized by insulin resistance and the risk for TC as well as the possible underlying mechanisms. The potential implications of such association in TC prevention and therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Malaguarnera
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Veronica Vella
- School of Human and Social Sciences, “Kore” University of Enna, Enna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Veronica Vella, ; Antonino Belfiore,
| | - Maria Luisa Nicolosi
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Veronica Vella, ; Antonino Belfiore,
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163
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James-Todd TM, Meeker JD, Huang T, Hauser R, Ferguson KK, Rich-Edwards JW, McElrath TF, Seely EW. Pregnancy urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and gestational diabetes risk factors. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 96:118-126. [PMID: 27649471 PMCID: PMC5304919 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies suggest phthalate metabolite concentrations are associated with type 2 diabetes. GDM is a strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Little is known about phthalates and GDM risk factors (i.e. 1st trimester body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), and 2nd trimester glucose levels). METHODS A total of 350 women participating in Lifecodes pregnancy cohort (Boston, MA), delivered at term and had pregnancy urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations. Nine specific gravity-adjusted urinary phthalate metabolites were evaluated. General linear regression was used to assess associations between quartiles of phthalate metabolites and continuous 1st trimester BMI and late 2nd trimester blood glucose. Linear mixed models were used for total GWG. Multivariable logistic regression was used for phthalate concentrations and categorized GWG and impaired glucose tolerance defined as glucose≥140mg/dL based on a 50-gram glucose load test. Models were adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS There were no associations between 1st trimester urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and 1st trimester BMI. Mono-ethyl phthalate concentrations averaged across pregnancy were associated with a 2.17 increased odds of excessive GWG (95% CI: 0.98, 4.79). Second trimester mono-ethyl phthalate was associated with increased odds of impaired glucose tolerance (adj. OR: 7.18; 95% CI: 1.97, 26.15). A summary measure of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate metabolite concentrations were inversely associated with impaired glucose tolerance (adj. OR: 0.25; adj. 95% CI: 0.08, 0.85). CONCLUSIONS Higher exposure to mono-ethyl phthalate, a metabolite of the parent compound of di-ethyl phthalate, may be associated with excessive GWG and impaired glucose tolerance; higher di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate was associated with reduced odds of impaired glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamarra M James-Todd
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02120, USA.
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tianyi Huang
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02120, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kelly K Ferguson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Janet W Rich-Edwards
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02120, USA
| | - Thomas F McElrath
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ellen W Seely
- Division of Endocrine, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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164
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Giulivo M, Lopez de Alda M, Capri E, Barceló D. Human exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds: Their role in reproductive systems, metabolic syndrome and breast cancer. A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:251-264. [PMID: 27504873 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are released into the environment from different sources. They are mainly used in packaging industries, pesticides and food constituents. Clinical evidence, experimental models, and epidemiological studies suggest that EDCs have major risks for humans by targeting different organs and systems in the body (e.g. reproductive system, breast tissue, adipose tissue, pancreas, etc.). Due to the ubiquity of human exposure to these compounds the aim of this review is to describe the most recent data on the effects induced by phthalates, bisphenol A and parabens in a critical window of exposure: in utero, during pregnancy, infants, and children. The interactions and mechanisms of toxicity of EDCs in relation to human general health problems, especially those broadening the term of endocrine disruption to 'metabolic disruption', should be deeply investigated. These include endocrine disturbances, with particular reference to reproductive problems and breast, testicular and ovarian cancers, and metabolic diseases such as obesity or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Giulivo
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Piacenza, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Miren Lopez de Alda
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ettore Capri
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Piacenza, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Emili Grahit 101, Edifici H2O, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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165
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Lai KP, Chung YT, Li R, Wan HT, Wong CKC. Bisphenol A alters gut microbiome: Comparative metagenomics analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:923-930. [PMID: 27554980 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence has shown that an alteration of the gut microbiota is associated with diet, and plays an important role in animal health and metabolic diseases. However, little is known about the influence of environmental contaminants on the gut microbial community. Bisphenol A (BPA), which is widely used for manufacturing plastic products, has recently been classified as an environmental obesogen. Although many studies have demonstrated the metabolic-disrupting effects of BPA on liver and pancreatic functions, the possible effects of this synthetic compound on the metabolic diversity of the intestinal microbiota is unknown. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis on caecum samples of CD-1 mice, the present study aimed to test the hypothesis that dietary BPA intake may influence the gut microbiota composition and functions, an important attributing factor to development of the metabolic syndrome. A high-fat diet (HFD) and high-sucrose diet (HSD) were included as the positive controls for comparing the changes in the intestinal microbial profiles. Our results demonstrated a significant reduction of species diversity in the gut microbiota of BPA-fed mice. Alpha and beta diversity analyses showed that dietary BPA intake led to a similar gut microbial community structure as that induced by HFD and HSD in mice. In addition, comparative analysis of the microbial communities revealed that both BPA and a HFD favored the growth of Proteobacteria, a microbial marker of dysbiosis. Consistently, growth induction of the family Helicobacteraceae and reduction of the Firmicutes and Clostridia populations were observed in the mice fed BPA or a HFD. Collectively, our study highlighted that the effects of dietary BPA intake on the shift of microbial community structure were similar to those of a HFD and HSD, and revealed microbial markers for the development of diseases associated with an unstable microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Po Lai
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yan-Tung Chung
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rong Li
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hin-Ting Wan
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chris Kong-Chu Wong
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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166
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Provvisiero DP, Pivonello C, Muscogiuri G, Negri M, de Angelis C, Simeoli C, Pivonello R, Colao A. Influence of Bisphenol A on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E989. [PMID: 27782064 PMCID: PMC5086728 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic synthetic compound employed to produce plastics and epoxy resins. It is used as a structural component in polycarbonate beverage bottles and as coating for metal surface in food containers and packaging. The adverse effects of BPA on human health are widely disputed. BPA has been recently associated with a wide variety of medical disorders and, in particular, it was identified as potential endocrine-disrupting compound with diabetogenic action. Most of the clinical observational studies in humans reveal a positive link between BPA exposure, evaluated by the measurement of urinary BPA levels, and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical studies on humans and preclinical studies on in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro models indicate that BPA, mostly at low doses, may have a role in increasing type 2 diabetes mellitus developmental risk, directly acting on pancreatic cells, in which BPA induces the impairment of insulin and glucagon secretion, triggers inhibition of cell growth and apoptosis, and acts on muscle, hepatic, and adipose cell function, triggering an insulin-resistant state. The current review summarizes the available evidences regarding the association between BPA and type 2 diabetes mellitus, focusing on both clinical and preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples 80130, Italy; (C.P.); (C.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- I.O.S. & COLEMAN S.r.l., Naples 80100, Italy; (D.P.P.); (G.M.); (M.N.); (C.d.A.)
| | - Mariarosaria Negri
- I.O.S. & COLEMAN S.r.l., Naples 80100, Italy; (D.P.P.); (G.M.); (M.N.); (C.d.A.)
| | - Cristina de Angelis
- I.O.S. & COLEMAN S.r.l., Naples 80100, Italy; (D.P.P.); (G.M.); (M.N.); (C.d.A.)
| | - Chiara Simeoli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples 80130, Italy; (C.P.); (C.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples 80130, Italy; (C.P.); (C.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples 80130, Italy; (C.P.); (C.S.); (A.C.)
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167
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Sant KE, Jacobs HM, Xu J, Borofski KA, Moss LG, Moss JB, Timme-Laragy AR. Assessment of Toxicological Perturbations and Variants of Pancreatic Islet Development in the Zebrafish Model. TOXICS 2016; 4. [PMID: 28393070 PMCID: PMC5380372 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic islets, largely comprised of insulin-producing beta cells, play a critical role in endocrine signaling and glucose homeostasis. Because they have low levels of antioxidant defenses and a high perfusion rate, the endocrine islets may be a highly susceptible target tissue of chemical exposures. However, this endpoint, as well as the integrity of the surrounding exocrine pancreas, is often overlooked in studies of developmental toxicology. Disruption of development by toxicants can alter cell fate and migration, resulting in structural alterations that are difficult to detect in mammalian embryo systems, but that are easily observed in the zebrafish embryo model (Danio rerio). Using endogenously expressed fluorescent protein markers for developing zebrafish beta cells and exocrine pancreas tissue, we documented differences in islet area and incidence rates of islet morphological variants in zebrafish embryos between 48 and 96 h post fertilization (hpf), raised under control conditions commonly used in embryotoxicity assays. We identified critical windows for chemical exposures during which increased incidences of endocrine pancreas abnormalities were observed following exposure to cyclopamine (2–12 hpf), Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) (3–48 hpf), and Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (3–48 hpf). Both islet area and length of the exocrine pancreas were sensitive to oxidative stress from exposure to the oxidant tert-butyl hydroperoxide during a highly proliferative critical window (72 hpf). Finally, pancreatic dysmorphogenesis following developmental exposures is discussed with respect to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karilyn E. Sant
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (K.E.S.); (H.M.J.); (J.X.); (K.A.B.)
| | - Haydee M. Jacobs
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (K.E.S.); (H.M.J.); (J.X.); (K.A.B.)
| | - Jiali Xu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (K.E.S.); (H.M.J.); (J.X.); (K.A.B.)
| | - Katrina A. Borofski
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (K.E.S.); (H.M.J.); (J.X.); (K.A.B.)
| | - Larry G. Moss
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Endocrine Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; (L.G.M.); (J.B.M.)
| | - Jennifer B. Moss
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Endocrine Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; (L.G.M.); (J.B.M.)
| | - Alicia R. Timme-Laragy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (K.E.S.); (H.M.J.); (J.X.); (K.A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-413-545-7423
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168
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Chang H, Wang D, Xia W, Pan X, Huo W, Xu S, Li Y. Epigenetic disruption and glucose homeostasis changes following low-dose maternal bisphenol A exposure. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1400-1409. [PMID: 30090444 PMCID: PMC6061978 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00047a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been linked to impaired glucose homeostasis and pancreatic function in adulthood, which has been hypothesized to result from the disruption of pancreatic β-cell development at early life. Here we evaluated whether maternal BPA exposure disrupts β-cell development and glucose tolerance and the role of epigenetic modifications of key regulator in this process. We found that maternal exposure to BPA (10 μg kg-1 d-1) reduced the pancreatic β-cell mass and the expression of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) at birth, as well as the expression of Pdx1 at gestational day (GD) 15.5. In parallel with the decreased expression of Pdx1, histones H3 and H4 deacetylation, along with demethylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and methylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9), were found at the promoter of Pdx1, while no significant changes in DNA methylation status were detected at this region. Moreover, these alterations were observed in adult life along with impaired glucose tolerance. We conclude that maternal exposure to BPA reduces pancreatic β-cell mass at birth by reducing PDX1+ progenitors during fetal development through altering the histone modifications of Pdx1, which can be propagated to later life and increase the susceptibility to glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huailong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-27-83693417, 86-27-83657705
| | - Danqi Wang
- School of Public Health , Changsha Medical University , Changsha 410219 , China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-27-83693417, 86-27-83657705
| | - Xinyun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-27-83693417, 86-27-83657705
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-27-83693417, 86-27-83657705
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-27-83693417, 86-27-83657705
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-27-83693417, 86-27-83657705
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169
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Alonso-Magdalena P, Rivera FJ, Guerrero-Bosagna C. Bisphenol-A and metabolic diseases: epigenetic, developmental and transgenerational basis. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2016; 2:dvw022. [PMID: 29492299 PMCID: PMC5804535 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvw022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxicants is now accepted as a factor contributing to the increasing incidence of obesity and metabolic diseases around the world. Such environmental compounds are known as 'obesogens'. Among them, bisphenol-A (BPA) is the most widespread and ubiquitous compound affecting humans and animals. Laboratory animal work has provided conclusive evidence that early-life exposure to BPA is particularly effective in predisposing individuals to weight gain. Embryonic exposure to BPA is reported to generate metabolic disturbances later in life, such as obesity and diabetes. When BPA administration is combined with a high-fat diet, there is an exacerbation in the development of metabolic disorders. Remarkably, upon BPA exposure of gestating females, metabolic disturbances have been found both in the offspring and later in life in the mothers themselves. When considering the metabolic effects generated by an early developmental exposure to BPA, one of the questions that arises is the role of precursor cells in the etiology of metabolic disorders. Current evidence shows that BPA and other endocrine disruptors have the ability to alter fat tissue development and growth by affecting the capacity to generate functional adipocytes, as well as their rate of differentiation to specific cell types. Epigenetic mechanisms seem to be involved in the BPA-induced effects related to obesity, as they have been described in both in vitro and in vivo models. Moreover, recent reports also show that developmental exposure to BPA generates abnormalities that can be transmitted to future generations, in a process called as transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco J. Rivera
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Institute for Molecular Regenerative Medicine and Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna
- Avian Behavioral Genomics and Physiology Group, IFM Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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170
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Song Y, Chou EL, Baecker A, You NCY, Song Y, Sun Q, Liu S. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals, risk of type 2 diabetes, and diabetes-related metabolic traits: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes 2016; 8:516-32. [PMID: 26119400 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated blood or urinary concentrations of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may be related to increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of the present study was to assess the role of EDCs in affecting risk of T2D and related metabolic traits. METHODS MEDLINE was searched for cross-sectional and prospective studies published before 8 March 2014 into the association between EDCs (dioxin, polychlorinated biphenyl [PCB], chlorinated pesticide, bisphenol A [BPA], phthalate) and T2D and related metabolic traits. Three investigators independently extracted information on study design, participant characteristics, EDC types and concentrations, and association measures. RESULTS Forty-one cross-sectional and eight prospective studies from ethnically diverse populations were included in the analysis. Serum concentrations of dioxins, PCBs, and chlorinated pesticides were significantly associated with T2D risk; comparing the highest to lowest concentration category, the pooled relative risks (RR) were 1.91 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44-2.54) for dioxins, 2.39 (95% CI 1.86-3.08) for total PCBs, and 2.30 (95% CI 1.81-2.93) for chlorinated pesticides. Urinary concentrations of BPA and phthalates were also associated with T2D risk; comparing the highest to lowest concentration categories, the pooled RR were 1.45 (95% CI 1.13-1.87) for BPA and 1.48 (95% CI 0.98-2.25) for phthalates. Further, EDC concentrations were associated with indicators of impaired fasting glucose and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Persistent and non-persistent EDCs may affect the risk of T2D. There is an urgent need for further investigation of EDCs, especially non-persistent ones, and T2D risk in large prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Chou
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aileen Baecker
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nai-Chieh Y You
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yiqing Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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171
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Soriano S, Ripoll C, Alonso-Magdalena P, Fuentes E, Quesada I, Nadal A, Martinez-Pinna J. Effects of Bisphenol A on ion channels: Experimental evidence and molecular mechanisms. Steroids 2016; 111:12-20. [PMID: 26930576 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) produced in huge quantities in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. It is present in most humans in developed countries, acting as a xenoestrogen and it is considered an environmental risk factor associated to several diseases. Among the whole array of identified mechanisms by which BPA can interfere with physiological processes in living organisms, changes on ion channel activity is one of the most poorly understood. There is still little evidence about BPA regulation of ion channel expression and function. However, this information is key to understand how BPA disrupts excitable and non-excitable cells, including neurons, endocrine cells and muscle cells. This report is the result of a comprehensive literature review on the effects of BPA on ion channels. We conclude that there is evidence to say that these important molecules may be key end-points for EDCs acting as xenoestrogens. However, more research on channel-mediated BPA effects is needed. Particularly, mechanistic studies to unravel the pathophysiological actions of BPA on ion channels at environmentally relevant doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Soriano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Spain
| | - Cristina Ripoll
- Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Spain
| | - Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Spain
| | - Esther Fuentes
- Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Spain
| | - Ivan Quesada
- Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Spain
| | - Angel Nadal
- Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Spain.
| | - Juan Martinez-Pinna
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Spain.
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172
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Derghal A, Djelloul M, Trouslard J, Mounien L. An Emerging Role of micro-RNA in the Effect of the Endocrine Disruptors. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:318. [PMID: 27445682 PMCID: PMC4928026 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are diverse natural and synthetic chemicals that may alter various mechanisms of the endocrine system and produce adverse developmental, reproductive, metabolic, and neurological effects in both humans and wildlife. Research on EDCs has revealed that they use a variety of both nuclear receptor-mediated and non-receptor-mediated mechanisms to modulate different components of the endocrine system. The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of EDCs are still under investigation. Interestingly, some of the effects of EDCs have been observed to pass on to subsequent unexposed generations, which can be explained by the gametic transmission of deregulated epigenetic marks. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur without a change in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms, including histone modifications, DNA methylation, and specific micro-RNAs (miRNAs) expression, have been proposed to mediate transgenerational transmission and can be triggered by environmental factors. MiRNAs are short non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally repress the expression of genes by binding to 3′-untranslated regions of the target mRNAs. Given that there is mounting evidence that miRNAs are regulated by hormones, then clearly it is important to investigate the potential for environmental EDCs to deregulate miRNA expression and action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Derghal
- Aix Marseille University, PPSN Marseille, France
| | - Mehdi Djelloul
- Aix Marseille University, PPSNMarseille, France; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstituteStockholm, Sweden
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173
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Lefever DE, Xu J, Chen Y, Huang G, Tamas N, Guo TL. TCDD modulation of gut microbiome correlated with liver and immune toxicity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemic mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 304:48-58. [PMID: 27221631 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence has shown the important role of the gut microbiome in mediating toxicity following environmental contaminant exposure. The goal of this study was to determine if the adverse metabolic effects of chronic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure would be sufficient to exacerbate hyperglycemia, and to further determine if these outcomes were attributable to the gut microbiota alteration. Adult male CD-1 mice were exposed to TCDD (6μg/kg body weight biweekly) by gavage and injected (i.p.) with STZ (4×50mg/kg body weight) to induced hyperglycemia. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to characterize the changes in the microbiome community composition. Glucose monitoring, flow cytometry, histopathology, and organ characterization were performed to determine the deleterious phenotypic changes of TCDD exposure. Chronic TCDD treatment did not appear to exacerbate STZ-induced hyperglycemia as blood glucose levels were slightly reduced in the TCDD treated mice; however, polydipsia and polyphagia were observed. Importantly, TCDD exposure caused a dramatic change in microbiota structure, as characterized at the phylum level by increasing Firmicutes and decreasing Bacteroidetes while at the family level most notably by increasing Lactobacillaceae and Desulfovibrionaceae, and decreasing Prevotellaceae and ACK M1. The changes in microbiota were further found to be broadly associated with phenotypic changes seen from chronic TCDD treatment. In particular, the phylum level Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio negatively correlated with both liver weight and liver pathology, and positively associated with %CD3(+)NK(+) T cells, a key mediator of host-microbial interactions. Collectively, these findings suggest that the dysregulated gut microbiome may contribute to the deleterious effects (e.g., liver toxicity) seen with TCDD exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Lefever
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7382, United States
| | - Joella Xu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7382, United States
| | - Yingjia Chen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7382, United States
| | - Guannan Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7382, United States
| | - Nagy Tamas
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7382, United States
| | - Tai L Guo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7382, United States.
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174
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Tai X, Chen Y. Urinary bisphenol A concentrations positively associated with glycated hemoglobin and other indicators of diabetes in Canadian men. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 147:172-178. [PMID: 26890259 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), may pose a risk to human health, including diabetes. However, epidemiological studies from the U.S., China and South Korea showed inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between BPA and indicators of diabetes in the general Canadian population. METHODS The analysis was based on cross-sectional data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) Cycle 2 (2009-2011). We included 1915 participants with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement and 2405 participants with serum glucose (SG) measurement aged 3-79 years, respectively. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to model HbA1c and log-transformed SG levels associated with quartiles of urinary BPA concentrations controlling for potential confounders. Further, in adults (age≥18 years), logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between BPA and physician-diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM). Bootstrap weights were applied to all the analyses to account for the complex survey design. RESULTS The geometric mean of urinary BPA was 1.21 (±0.05)µg/L. Overall, a positive association was observed between urinary BPA quartiles and HbA1c levels in men after controlling for potential confounders (P<0.05), but not in women and children. Similar patterns were found for the associations of BPA with log-transformed SG levels and doctor-diagnosed DM. CONCLUSIONS Higher urinary BPA levels were associated with adverse glucose homeostasis in Canadian men, independent of major covariates. Prospective studies with longitudinal design are needed to further investigate the causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Tai
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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175
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Coope A, Torsoni AS, Velloso LA. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Metabolic and inflammatory pathways on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 174:R175-87. [PMID: 26646937 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is the main risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Studies performed over the last 20 years have identified inflammation as the most important link between these two diseases. During the development of obesity, there is activation of subclinical inflammatory activity in tissues involved in metabolism and energy homeostasis. Intracellular serine/threonine kinases activated in response to inflammatory factors can catalyse the inhibitory phosphorylation of key proteins of the insulin-signalling pathway, leading to insulin resistance. Moreover, during the progression of obesity and insulin resistance, the pancreatic islets are also affected by inflammation, contributing to β-cell failure and leading to the onset of T2D. In this review, we will present the main mechanisms involved in the activation of obesity-associated metabolic inflammation and discuss potential therapeutic opportunities that can be developed to treat obesity-associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Coope
- Laboratory of Cell SignalingApplied Sciences FacultyUniversity of Campinas, 13084-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana S Torsoni
- Laboratory of Cell SignalingApplied Sciences FacultyUniversity of Campinas, 13084-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell SignalingApplied Sciences FacultyUniversity of Campinas, 13084-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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176
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Lind L, Lind PM, Lejonklou MH, Dunder L, Bergman Å, Guerrero-Bosagna C, Lampa E, Lee HK, Legler J, Nadal A, Pak YK, Phipps RP, Vandenberg LN, Zalko D, Ågerstrand M, Öberg M, Blumberg B, Heindel JJ, Birnbaum LS. Uppsala Consensus Statement on Environmental Contaminants and the Global Obesity Epidemic. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:A81-3. [PMID: 27135406 PMCID: PMC4858400 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1511115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Summary: From the lectures presented at the 2nd International Workshop on Obesity and Environmental Contaminants, which was held in Uppsala, Sweden, on 8–9 October 2015, it became evident that the findings from numerous animal and epidemiological studies are consistent with the hypothesis that environmental contaminants could contribute to the global obesity epidemic. To increase awareness of this important issue among scientists, regulatory agencies, politicians, chemical industry management, and the general public, the authors summarize compelling scientific evidence that supports the hypothesis and discuss actions that could restrict the possible harmful effects of environmental contaminants on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lind
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Address correspondence to L. Lind, Department of Medical Sciences, Akademiska sjukhuset, Entrance 40, Plan 5, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden. Telephone: 46186114959. E-mail:
| | - P. Monica Lind
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Address correspondence to L. Lind, Department of Medical Sciences, Akademiska sjukhuset, Entrance 40, Plan 5, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden. Telephone: 46186114959. E-mail:
| | - Margareta H. Lejonklou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda Dunder
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Bergman
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Södertalje, Sweden
| | | | - Erik Lampa
- Uppsala Clinical Research (UCR) Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juliette Legler
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Angel Nadal
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Richard P. Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Laura N. Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Zalko
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR1331 (Unité Mixe de Recherche 1331), Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse, France
- University of Toulouse, INPT (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse), UPS (Universite Paul Sabatier), Toulouse, France
| | - Marlene Ågerstrand
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Öberg
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Södertalje, Sweden
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jerrold J. Heindel
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, USA
| | - Linda S. Birnbaum
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, USA
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Sobolewski M, Allen JL, Morris-Schaffer K, Klocke C, Conrad K, Cory-Slechta DA. A novel, ecologically relevant, highly preferred, and non-invasive means of oral substance administration for rodents. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2016; 56:75-80. [PMID: 27094606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal stress and nutrition are well-known to alter a broad range of physiological systems, notably metabolic, endocrine and neurobehavioral function. Commonly used methods for oral administration of xenobiotics can, by acting as a stressor or altering normal nutrition intake, alter these physiological systems as well. Taken together, oral administration methods may unintentionally introduce confounding physiological effects that can mask or enhance toxicity of xenobiotics, particularly if they share biological targets. Consequently, it should be preferable to develop alternative methods without these potential confounds. The aim of this study was to determine the suitability of mealworms as an alternative treat-based method to deliver xenobiotics via the orogastric route. Accurate oral administration is contingent on motivation and preference; mice reliably preferred mealworms over wafer cookie treats. Further, ingestion of wafer cookies significantly increased mouse blood glucose levels, whereas unaltered mealworms produced no such change. Mealworms functioned effectively to orally administer glucose, as glucose-spiked mealworms produced a rise in blood glucose equivalent to the ingestion of the wafer cookie. Mealworms did not interfere with the physiological function of orally administered d-amphetamine, as both mealworm and oral gavage administered d-amphetamine showed similar alterations in locomotor behavior (mice did not fully consume d-amphetamine-dosed cookies and thus could not be compared). Collectively, the findings indicate that mealworms are a preferred and readily consumed treat, which importantly mimics environmental-relevant nutritional intake, and mealworms per se do not alter glucose metabolic pathways. Additionally, mealworms accurately delivered xenobiotics into blood circulation and did not interfere with the physiological function of administered xenobiotics. Thus mealworm-based oral administration may be a preferable and accurate route of xenobiotic administration that eliminates physiological alterations associated with other methods of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Sobolewski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, 575 Elmwood Ave, Box EHSC, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
| | - Joshua L Allen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, 575 Elmwood Ave, Box EHSC, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
| | - Keith Morris-Schaffer
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, 575 Elmwood Ave, Box EHSC, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
| | - Carolyn Klocke
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, 575 Elmwood Ave, Box EHSC, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
| | - Katherine Conrad
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, 575 Elmwood Ave, Box EHSC, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
| | - Deborah A Cory-Slechta
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, 575 Elmwood Ave, Box EHSC, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
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178
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Menale C, Mita DG, Diano N, Diano S. Adverse Effects of Bisphenol A Exposure on Glucose Metabolism Regulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2174/1874070701610010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used as basic chemical compound in the production of polycarbonate food containers or epoxy resins coating metallic cans for food and beverages conservation. Its xeno-estrogenic activity alters endocrine-metabolic pathways modulating glucose metabolism and increasing the risk of developing diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity. Based on in vitro and in vivo experimental research, here we report some of the major BPA adverse effects on tissues that play a key role in the regulation on the whole body’s metabolism. Evidences have shown that BPA is able to exert its endocrine disrupting action altering glucose metabolism and contributing to the onset of metabolic disorders, acting on liver functions and affecting insulin production by the pancreas. Exposure to BPA has been reported also to modulate glucose utilization in muscles, as well as to interfere with adipose tissue endocrine function. In addition, to peripheral tissues, recent studies have shown that BPA by acting in the Central Nervous System affects neuroendocrine regulation of glucose metabolism, promoting glucose metabolism dysfunction such as glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Thus, exposure to BPA seems to be an important risk factor in the onset of obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, its mechanisms of action need to be further investigated to provide a major evaluation of risk assessment.
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179
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de Cock M, Quaak I, Sugeng EJ, Legler J, van de Bor M. LInking EDCs in maternal Nutrition to Child health (LINC study) - protocol for prospective cohort to study early life exposure to environmental chemicals and child health. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:147. [PMID: 26873073 PMCID: PMC4752804 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The presence of chemicals in the environment is ubiquitous. Human biomonitoring studies have shown that various chemicals can be detected in the majority of the population, including pregnant women. These compounds may pass the placenta, and reach the fetus. This early life exposure in particular may be detrimental as some chemicals may disrupt the endocrine system, which is involved in various processes during development. The LINC study is a prospective birth cohort designed to study associations between early life environmental exposures and child health, including growth and neurodevelopment. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of this cohort. Methods and design Recruitment for this cohort has started in 2011 in three Dutch areas and is still ongoing. To date over 300 mother-child pairs have been included. Women are preferably included during the first trimester of pregnancy. Major congenital anomalies and twin births are reasons for exclusion. To assess exposure to environmental chemicals, cord blood, placenta, meconium and vernix are collected. Parents collect urine of the child shortly after birth and breast milk in the second month of life. Exposure to a broad range of environmental chemicals are determined in cord plasma and breast milk. Furthermore various hormones, including leptin and cortisone, are determined in cord plasma, and in heel prick blood spots (thyroxine). Data on anthropometry of the child is collected through midwives and youth health care centres on various time points until the child is 18 months of age. Furthermore cognitive development is monitored by means of the van Wiechen scheme, and information on behavioral development is collected by means of the infant behavior questionnaire and the child behavior checklist. When the child is 12 months of age, a house visit is scheduled to assess various housing characteristics, as well as hand-to-mouth behavior of the child. At this visit exposure of the child to flame retardants (with endocrine disrupting properties) in house dust is determined by means of body wipes. They are furthermore also measured in a saliva sample of the child. Next to these measurements, women receive questionnaires each trimester regarding amongst others lifestyle of the parents, general health of the parents and the child, and mental state of the mother. Discussion This study was approved by the medical ethics committee of the VU University Medical Centre. Consent for the infant is given by the mother, who is specifically required to give consent for both herself as well as her child. Results will be published regardless of the findings of this study, and will be widely disseminated among related medical stakeholders (e.g. midwives and pediatricians), policy makers, and the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke de Cock
- VU University, Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ilona Quaak
- VU University, Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva J Sugeng
- VU University, Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juliette Legler
- Brunel University London, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, room HALB 144, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.,VU University, Institute for Environmental Studies, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margot van de Bor
- VU University, Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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180
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Lee WJ, Liu SH, Chiang CK, Lin SY, Liang KW, Chen CH, Tien HR, Chen PH, Wu JP, Tsai YC, Lai DW, Chang YC, Sheu WHH, Sheu ML. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Deficiency Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Related Mesangial Cell Activation and Macrophage Infiltration and Extracellular Matrix Accumulation in Diabetic Nephropathy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:217-231. [PMID: 26415004 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Activation of glomerular mesangial cells (MCs) and functional changes of renal tubular cells are due to metabolic abnormalities, oxidative stress, and matrix accumulation in the diabetic nephropathy (DN). Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation has been implicated in DN. In this study, we investigated the role of AhR in the pathophysiological processes of DN using AhR knockout (AhRKO) and pharmacological inhibitor α-naphthoflavone mouse models. RESULTS The increased blood glucose, glucose intolerance, MC activation, macrophage infiltration, and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation were significantly attenuated in AhRKO mice with diabetic inducer streptozotocin (STZ) treatment. AhR deficiency by genetic knockout or pharmacological inhibition also decreased the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, NADPH oxidase activity, and N-ɛ-carboxymethyllysine (CML, a major advanced glycation end product) in STZ-induced diabetic mice. CML showed remarkably increased AhR/COX-2 DNA-binding activity, protein-DNA interactions, gene regulation, and ECM formation in MCs and renal proximal tubular cells, which could be reversed by siRNA-AhR transfection. CML-increased AhR nuclear translocation and biological activity in MCs and renal proximal tubular cells could also be effectively attenuated by antioxidants. INNOVATION We elucidate for the first time that AhR plays an important role in MC activation, macrophage infiltration, and ECM accumulation in DN conferred by oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS AhR-regulated COX-2/PGE2 expression and ECM deposition through oxidative stress cascade is involved in the CML-triggered MC activation and macrophage infiltration. These findings suggest new insights into the development of therapeutic approaches to reduce diabetic microvascular complications. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 24, 217-231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jane Lee
- 1 Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- 2 Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan .,3 Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- 2 Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan .,4 Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- 5 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kae-Woei Liang
- 6 Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsu Chen
- 7 Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Chiayi, Taiwan .,8 Department of Life Science, Tunghai University , Taichung, Taiwan .,9 School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan .,10 Division of Nephrology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Ru Tien
- 11 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chen
- 1 Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Pey Wu
- 1 Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Tsai
- 1 Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - De-Wei Lai
- 11 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Chang
- 11 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- 5 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan .,11 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan .,12 Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Ling Sheu
- 1 Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan .,11 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan .,12 Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan
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Jung IY, Lee EH, Suh AY, Lee SJ, Lee H. Oligonucleotide-based biosensors for in vitro diagnostics and environmental hazard detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2383-406. [PMID: 26781106 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide-based biosensors have drawn much attention because of their broad applications in in vitro diagnostics and environmental hazard detection. They are particularly of interest to many researchers because of their high specificity as well as excellent sensitivity. Recently, oligonucleotide-based biosensors have been used to achieve not only genetic detection of targets but also the detection of small molecules, peptides, and proteins. This has further broadened the applications of these sensors in the medical and health care industry. In this review, we highlight various examples of oligonucleotide-based biosensors for the detection of diseases, drugs, and environmentally hazardous chemicals. Each example is provided with detailed schematics of the detection mechanism in addition to the supporting experimental results. Furthermore, future perspectives and new challenges in oligonucleotide-based biosensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Young Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Young Suh
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
The prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes has dramatically increased worldwide over the last few decades. Although genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors like decreased physical activity and energy-dense diet are well-known factors in the pathophysiology of these conditions, accumulating evidence suggests that the increase in endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment also explains a substantial part of the incidence of these metabolic diseases. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest-volume chemicals produced worldwide. Most people are exposed to it daily by consuming food and beverages into which BPA has leached from polycarbonate containers, including reusable bottles and baby bottles. Although initially considered to be a weak environmental estrogen, BPA may be similar in potency to 17β-estradiol in stimulating cellular responses, especially at low but environmentally relevant doses (nM), as more recent studies have demonstrated. In this review, we summarize both epidemiological evidence and in vivo experimental data that point to an association between BPA exposure and the induction of insulin resistance and/or disruption of pancreatic beta cell function and/or obesity. We then discuss the in vitro data and explain the potential mechanisms involved in the metabolic disorders observed after BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chevalier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital de l'Archet 2, Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, 151 route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, CS 23079, 06202, Nice Cedex 3, France
- Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Institut Signalisation et Pathologie (IFR 50), Nice, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR U1065/UNS, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Equipe 5 "Environnement, Reproduction et Cancers Hormono-Dépendants", Nice, France
| | - Patrick Fénichel
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital de l'Archet 2, Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, 151 route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, CS 23079, 06202, Nice Cedex 3, France.
- Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Institut Signalisation et Pathologie (IFR 50), Nice, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR U1065/UNS, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Equipe 5 "Environnement, Reproduction et Cancers Hormono-Dépendants", Nice, France.
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183
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Gore AC, Chappell VA, Fenton SE, Flaws JA, Nadal A, Prins GS, Toppari J, Zoeller RT. EDC-2: The Endocrine Society's Second Scientific Statement on Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals. Endocr Rev 2015; 36:E1-E150. [PMID: 26544531 PMCID: PMC4702494 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1241] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Endocrine Society's first Scientific Statement in 2009 provided a wake-up call to the scientific community about how environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) affect health and disease. Five years later, a substantially larger body of literature has solidified our understanding of plausible mechanisms underlying EDC actions and how exposures in animals and humans-especially during development-may lay the foundations for disease later in life. At this point in history, we have much stronger knowledge about how EDCs alter gene-environment interactions via physiological, cellular, molecular, and epigenetic changes, thereby producing effects in exposed individuals as well as their descendants. Causal links between exposure and manifestation of disease are substantiated by experimental animal models and are consistent with correlative epidemiological data in humans. There are several caveats because differences in how experimental animal work is conducted can lead to difficulties in drawing broad conclusions, and we must continue to be cautious about inferring causality in humans. In this second Scientific Statement, we reviewed the literature on a subset of topics for which the translational evidence is strongest: 1) obesity and diabetes; 2) female reproduction; 3) male reproduction; 4) hormone-sensitive cancers in females; 5) prostate; 6) thyroid; and 7) neurodevelopment and neuroendocrine systems. Our inclusion criteria for studies were those conducted predominantly in the past 5 years deemed to be of high quality based on appropriate negative and positive control groups or populations, adequate sample size and experimental design, and mammalian animal studies with exposure levels in a range that was relevant to humans. We also focused on studies using the developmental origins of health and disease model. No report was excluded based on a positive or negative effect of the EDC exposure. The bulk of the results across the board strengthen the evidence for endocrine health-related actions of EDCs. Based on this much more complete understanding of the endocrine principles by which EDCs act, including nonmonotonic dose-responses, low-dose effects, and developmental vulnerability, these findings can be much better translated to human health. Armed with this information, researchers, physicians, and other healthcare providers can guide regulators and policymakers as they make responsible decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Gore
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - V A Chappell
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - S E Fenton
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - J A Flaws
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - A Nadal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - G S Prins
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - J Toppari
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - R T Zoeller
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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184
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Gioiosa L, Palanza P, Parmigiani S, Vom Saal FS. Risk Evaluation of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Effects of Developmental Exposure to Low Doses of Bisphenol A on Behavior and Physiology in Mice (Mus musculus). Dose Response 2015; 13:1559325815610760. [PMID: 26740806 PMCID: PMC4679202 DOI: 10.1177/1559325815610760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We review here our studies on early exposure to low doses of the estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) on behavior and metabolism in CD-1 mice. Mice were exposed in utero from gestation day (GD) 11 to delivery (prenatal exposure) or via maternal milk from birth to postnatal day 7 (postnatal exposure) to 10 µg/kg body weight/d of BPA or no BPA (controls). Bisphenol A exposure resulted in long-term disruption of sexually dimorphic behaviors. Females exposed to BPA pre- and postnatally showed increased anxiety and behavioral profiles similar to control males. We also evaluated metabolic effects in prenatally exposed adult male offspring of dams fed (from GD 9 to 18) with BPA at doses ranging from 5 to 50 000 µg/kg/d. The males showed an age-related significant change in a number of metabolic indexes ranging from food intake to glucose regulation at BPA doses below the no observed adverse effect level (5000 µg/kg/d). Consistent with prior findings, low but not high BPA doses produced significant effects for many outcomes. These findings provide further evidence of the potential risks that developmental exposure to low doses of the endocrine disrupter BPA may pose to human health, with fetuses and infants being highly vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gioiosa
- Behavioral Biology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Palanza
- Behavioral Biology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Parmigiani
- Behavioral Biology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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185
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Maqbool F, Mostafalou S, Bahadar H, Abdollahi M. Review of endocrine disorders associated with environmental toxicants and possible involved mechanisms. Life Sci 2015; 145:265-73. [PMID: 26497928 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) are released into environment from different sources. They are mainly used in packaging industries, pesticides and food constituents. Clinical evidence, experimental models, and epidemiological studies suggest that EDC have major risks for human by targeting different organs and systems in the body. Multiple mechanisms are involved in targeting the normal system, through estrogen receptors, nuclear receptors and steroidal receptors activation. In this review, different methods by which xenobiotics stimulate signaling pathways and genetic mutation or DNA methylation have been discussed. These methods help to understand the results of xenobiotic action on the endocrine system. Endocrine disturbances in the human body result in breast cancer, ovarian problems, thyroid eruptions, testicular carcinoma, Alzheimer disease, schizophrenia, nerve damage and obesity. EDC characterize a wide class of compounds such as organochlorinated pesticides, industrial wastes, plastics and plasticizers, fuels and numerous other elements that exist in the environment or are in high use during daily life. The interactions and mechanism of toxicity in relation to human general health problems, especially endocrine disturbances with particular reference to reproductive problems, diabetes, and breast, testicular and ovarian cancers should be deeply investigated. There should also be a focus on public awareness of these EDC risks and their use in routine life. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize all evidence regarding different physiological disruptions in the body and possible involved mechanisms, to prove the association between endocrine disruptions and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Maqbool
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sara Mostafalou
- School of Pharmacy, Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran
| | - Haji Bahadar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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186
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Porta M. Human contamination by persistent toxic substances: the rationale to improve exposure assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:14560-14565. [PMID: 25167816 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We know quite a lot about the generalized human contamination by environmental chemical agents; this statement is fully compatible with the view that most countries lack the necessary monitoring systems. We also know quite a lot about the toxic effects of environmental pollutants; this statement is fully compatible with the proposal that we need both more research and more energetic policies to decrease human contamination by such pollutants. Unsurprisingly, we know too little about the (environmental and social) causes and the etiopathogenesis (mechanisms) of the most prevalent diseases, and we will continue to miss relevant causes and mechanisms if we neglect the toxic chemicals that commonly contaminate humans, worldwide. Basic, clinical end environmental-epidemiological research on human health should more often consider integrating biomarkers of internal dose of environmental chemical pollutants. When we act in more responsible, rational, and scientific ways; when we become less dismissive towards environmental hazards; and when we thus neglect less the generalized human contamination by environmental chemical agents and their toxic effects, we will expand mechanistic biologic knowledge, and we shall as well increase the effectiveness of interventions and policies that enable the primary prevention of human diseases which cause huge amounts of economic burden and human suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Porta
- Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
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187
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Zhang S, Wu T, Chen M, Guo Z, Yang Z, Zuo Z, Wang C. Chronic Exposure to Aroclor 1254 Disrupts Glucose Homeostasis in Male Mice via Inhibition of the Insulin Receptor Signal Pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:10084-92. [PMID: 26190026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies demonstrate that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) induce diabetes and insulin resistance. However, the development of diabetes caused by PCBs and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study, male C57BL/6 mice were orally administered with Aroclor 1254 (0.5, 5, 50, and 500 μg/kg) once every 3 days for 60 days. The body weight and the fasting blood glucose levels were significantly elevated; the levels of serum insulin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) increased, while glucagon levels decreased in the animals treated with Aroclor 1254. Pancreatic β-cell mass significantly increased, while α-cell mass was reduced. Aroclor 1254 inhibited the expression of the insulin receptor signaling cascade, including insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt, and protein kinase B and glucose transporter 4, both in the skeletal muscle and the liver. The results suggested that chronic exposure to Aroclor 1254 disrupted glucose homeostasis and induced hyperinsulinemia. The significant elevation of serum resistin, TNFα and IL-6 indicated that obesity caused by Aroclor 1254 is associated with insulin resistance. The elevation of blood glucose levels could have been mainly as a result of insulin receptor signals pathway suppression in skeletal muscle and liver, and a decrease in pancreatic α-cells, accompanied by a reduction of serum glucagon levels, may play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhang
- †State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361006, P.R. China
| | - Tian Wu
- †State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361006, P.R. China
| | - Meng Chen
- §Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361006, P.R. China
| | - Zhizhun Guo
- †State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361006, P.R. China
| | - Zhibin Yang
- †State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361006, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- †State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361006, P.R. China
- §Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361006, P.R. China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- †State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361006, P.R. China
- ‡State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361006, P.R. China
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188
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Brandl F, Bertrand N, Lima EM, Langer R. Nanoparticles with photoinduced precipitation for the extraction of pollutants from water and soil. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7765. [PMID: 26196119 PMCID: PMC4518270 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology may offer fast and effective solutions for environmental clean-up. Herein, amphiphilic diblock copolymers are used to develop a platform of photosensitive core-shell nanoparticles. Irradiation with ultraviolet light removes the protective layer responsible for colloidal stability; as a result, the nanoparticles are rapidly and irreversibly converted to macroscopic aggregates. The associated phase separation allows measuring the partitioning of small molecules between the aqueous phase and nanoparticles; data suggests that interactions are enhanced by decreasing the particle size. Adsorption onto nanoparticles can be exploited to efficiently remove hydrophobic pollutants from water and contaminated soil. Preliminary in vivo experiments suggest that treatment with photocleavable nanoparticles can significantly reduce the teratogenicity of bisphenol A, triclosan and 17α-ethinyl estradiol without generating obviously toxic byproducts. Small-scale pilot experiments on wastewater, thermal printing paper and contaminated soil demonstrate the applicability of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Brandl
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 500 Main Street, Building 76-661, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Nicolas Bertrand
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 500 Main Street, Building 76-661, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Eliana Martins Lima
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 500 Main Street, Building 76-661, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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189
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Kim Y, Keogh J, Clifton P. A review of potential metabolic etiologies of the observed association between red meat consumption and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2015; 64:768-79. [PMID: 25838035 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that red and processed meat consumption is related to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. However, it is not clearly understood which components of red and processed meat contribute to this increased risk. This review examines potential mechanisms addressing the role of saturated fatty acid, sodium, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), nitrates/nitrites, heme iron, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), branched amino acids (BCAAs) and endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs) in the development of type 2 diabetes based on data from published clinical trials and animal models. TMAO which is derived from dietary carnitine and choline by the action of bacterial enzymes followed by oxidation in the liver may be a strong candidate molecule mediating the risk of type 2 diabetes. BCAAs may induce insulin resistance via the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase β 1 (S6k1)-associated pathways. The increased risk associated with processed meat compared with red meat suggests that there are interactions between the saturated fat, salt, and nitrates in processed meat and iron, AGEs and TMAO. Intervention studies are required to clarify potential mechanisms and explore interactions among components, in order to make firm recommendations on red and processed meat consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoona Kim
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Jennifer Keogh
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Clifton
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Australia.
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190
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Hao K, Di Narzo AF, Ho L, Luo W, Li S, Chen R, Li T, Dubner L, Pasinetti GM. Shared genetic etiology underlying Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes. Mol Aspects Med 2015; 43-44:66-76. [PMID: 26116273 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence supports the observation that subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at higher risk to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether and how these two conditions are causally linked is unknown. Possible mechanisms include shared genetic risk factors, which were investigated in this study based on recent genome wide association study (GWAS) findings. In order to achieve our goal, we retrieved single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with T2D and AD from large-scale GWAS meta-analysis consortia and tested for overlap among the T2D- and AD-associated SNPs at various p-value thresholds. We then explored the function of the shared T2D/AD GWAS SNPs by leveraging expressional quantitative trait loci, pathways, gene ontology data, and co-expression networks. We found 927 SNPs associated with both AD and T2D with p-value ≤0.01, an overlap significantly larger than random chance (overlapping p-value of 6.93E-28). Among these, 395 of the shared GWAS SNPs have the same risk allele for AD and T2D, suggesting common pathogenic mechanisms underlying the development of both AD and T2D. Genes influenced by shared T2D/AD SNPs with the same risk allele were first identified using a SNP annotation variation (ANNOVAR) software, followed by using Association Protein-Protein Link Evaluator (DAPPLE) software to identify additional proteins that are known to physically interact with the ANNOVAR gene annotations. We found that gene annotations from ANNOVAR and DAPPLE significantly enriched specific KEGG pathways pertaining to immune responses, cell signaling and neuronal plasticity, cellular processes in which abnormalities are known to contribute to both T2D and AD pathogenesis. Thus, our observation suggests that among T2D subjects with common genetic predispositions (e.g., SNPs with consistent risk alleles for T2D and AD), dysregulation of these pathogenic pathways could contribute to the elevated risks for AD in subjects. Interestingly, we found that 532 of the shared T2D/AD GWAS SNPs had divergent risk alleles in the two diseases. For individual shared T2D/AD SNPs with divergent alleles, one of the allelic forms may contribute to one of the diseases (e.g., T2D), but not necessarily to the other (e.g., AD), or vice versa. Collectively, our GWAS studies tentatively support the epidemiological observation of disease concordance between T2D and AD. Moreover, the studies provide the much needed information for the design of future novel therapeutic approaches, for a subpopulation of T2D subjects with genetic disposition to AD, that could benefit T2D and reduce the risk for subsequent development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA; Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Fabio Di Narzo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA; Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lap Ho
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA; College of Computer Science and Technology, Huaqiao University, No.668 Jimei Avenue, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shuyu Li
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA; Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA; Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tongbin Li
- AccuraScience, LLC, 5721 Merle Hay Road, Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Lauren Dubner
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giulio Maria Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, USA.
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191
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Alonso-Magdalena P, Quesada I, Nadal Á. Prenatal Exposure to BPA and Offspring Outcomes: The Diabesogenic Behavior of BPA. Dose Response 2015; 13:1559325815590395. [PMID: 26676280 PMCID: PMC4674176 DOI: 10.1177/1559325815590395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are the most common metabolic disorders, with prevalence rates that are reaching epidemic proportions. Both are complex conditions affecting virtually all ages and with serious health consequences. The underlying cause of the problem is still puzzling, but both genetic and environmental factors including unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, or the exposure to some environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are thought to have a causal influence. In addition, the impact of early environment has recently emerged as an important factor responsible for the increased propensity to develop adult-onset metabolic disease. Suboptimal maternal nutrition during critical windows in fetal development is the most commonly studied factor affecting early programming of obesity and T2DM. In recent years, increasing experimental evidence shows that exposure to EDCs could also account for this phenomenon. In the present review, we will overview the most relevant findings that confirm the critical role of bisphenol-A, one of the most widespread EDCs, in the development of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain ; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Iván Quesada
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain ; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain ; Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ángel Nadal
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain ; Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
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192
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Rancière F, Lyons JG, Loh VHY, Botton J, Galloway T, Wang T, Shaw JE, Magliano DJ. Bisphenol A and the risk of cardiometabolic disorders: a systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence. Environ Health 2015; 14:46. [PMID: 26026606 PMCID: PMC4472611 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-015-0036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is suspected to be associated with several chronic metabolic diseases. The aim of the present study was to review the epidemiological literature on the relation between BPA exposure and the risk of cardiometabolic disorders. PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to August 2014 by two independent investigators using standardized subject terms. We included observational studies (cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies) carried out in children or adults, measuring urinary BPA (uBPA), including at least 100 participants and published in English. The health outcomes of interest were diabetes, hyperglycemia, measures of anthropometry, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hypertension. Data were extracted and meta-analyzed when feasible, using a random-effects model. Thirty-three studies with sample size ranging from 239 to 4811 met the inclusion criteria, including five with a prospective design. Twelve studies reported on diabetes or hyperglycemia, 16 on anthropometry, 6 on CVD and 3 on hypertension. Evidence for a positive association between uBPA concentrations and diabetes, overweight, obesity, elevated waist circumference (WC), CVD and hypertension was found in 7/8, 2/7, 6/7, 5/5, 4/5 and 2/3 of the cross-sectional studies, respectively. We were able to conduct outcome-specific meta-analyses including 12 studies. When comparing the highest vs. the lowest uBPA concentrations, the pooled ORs were 1.47 (95% CI: 1.21-1.80) for diabetes, 1.21 (95% CI: 0.98-1.50) for overweight, 1.67 (95% CI: 1.41-1.98) for obesity, 1.48 (95% CI: 1.25-1.76) for elevated WC, and 1.41 (95% CI: 1.12-1.79) for hypertension. Moreover, among the five prospective studies, 3 reported significant findings, relating BPA exposure to incident diabetes, incident coronary artery disease, and weight gain. To conclude, there is evidence from the large body of cross-sectional studies that individuals with higher uBPA concentrations are more likely to suffer from diabetes, general/abdominal obesity and hypertension than those with lower uBPA concentrations. Given the potential importance for public health, prospective cohort studies with proper adjustment for dietary characteristics and identification of critical windows of exposure are urgently needed to further improve knowledge about potential causal links between BPA exposure and the development of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Rancière
- Inserm, U1153, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Centre (CRESS), Early Origin of the Child's Health and Development (ORCHAD) Team, Villejuif, France.
- Univ Paris Descartes, UMR1153, Paris, France.
- Department of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Jasmine G Lyons
- Department of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Venurs H Y Loh
- Department of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Jérémie Botton
- Inserm, U1153, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Centre (CRESS), Early Origin of the Child's Health and Development (ORCHAD) Team, Villejuif, France.
- Univ Paris Descartes, UMR1153, Paris, France.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Univ Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Tamara Galloway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Exeter, UK.
| | - Tiange Wang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jonathan E Shaw
- Department of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Dianna J Magliano
- Department of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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193
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Alonso-Magdalena P, García-Arévalo M, Quesada I, Nadal Á. Bisphenol-A treatment during pregnancy in mice: a new window of susceptibility for the development of diabetes in mothers later in life. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1659-70. [PMID: 25830705 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Evidence now exists supporting the hypothesis that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can harmfully impact glucose metabolism. Thus, EDCs are beginning to be considered important contributors to the increased incidence of diabetes, obesity, or both. The possible effect of exposure to EDCs during pregnancy on glucose homeostasis in mothers later in life is presently unknown. Here we show that several months after delivery, mothers treated with the widespread EDC bisphenol-A (BPA) during gestation, at environmentally relevant doses, exhibit profound glucose intolerance and altered insulin sensitivity as well as increased body weight. These mice presented a decreased insulin secretion both in vivo and in vitro together with reduced pancreatic β-cell mass. The proliferation capacity was decreased in association with a diminished expression of the cell cycle activators: cyclin D2 and cyclin-dependent kinase-4. In addition, the rate of β-cells apoptosis was increased as well as the expression of the cell cycle inhibitors p16 and p53. Conversely, no effects on glucose metabolism or insulin sensitivity were observed when female nonpregnant mice were treated with BPA at the same doses. Taken together, these findings reveal that BPA exposure during gestation has harmful long-term implications in glucose metabolism for the mother. This finding highlights a new window of susceptibility for EDC exposure that may be important for the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada (P.A.-M., I.Q.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) (P.A.-M., M.G.-A., I.Q., A.N.), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain
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194
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Naville D, Labaronne E, Vega N, Pinteur C, Canet-Soulas E, Vidal H, Le Magueresse-Battistoni B. Metabolic outcome of female mice exposed to a mixture of low-dose pollutants in a diet-induced obesity model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124015. [PMID: 25909471 PMCID: PMC4409066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollutants are suspected to contribute to the etiology of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Apart from occupational exposure which concerns a subset of chemicals, humans are mostly exposed to a large variety of chemicals, all life-long and at low doses. Food ingestion is a major route of exposure and it is suggested that pollutants have a worsened impact when combined with a high-fat diet. In the experimental studies described herein, we aimed to add further evidence on the metabolic impact of food pollutants using a recently set up model in which mice are life-long fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFSD) with/without common food pollutants shown to exhibit metabolic disrupting activities. Specifically, this mixture comprised bisphenol A, dioxin, polychlorobiphenyl PCB153, and phthalate and was added in HFSD at doses resulting in mice exposure at the Tolerable Daily Intake dose range for each pollutant. We herein focused on the 7-week-old females which exhibited early signs of obesity upon HFSD feeding. We observed no signs of toxicity and no additional weight gain following exposure to the mixture but alleviated HFSD-induced glucose intolerance in the absence of alteration of gluconeogenesis and steatosis. It suggested that the observed metabolic improvement was more likely due to effects on muscle and/or adipose tissues rather than on the liver. Consistently, female mice exhibited enhanced lean/fat mass ratio and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. Moreover, expression levels of inflammatory markers were reduced in adipose tissue at 7 but enhanced at 12 weeks of age in agreement with the inverse alterations of glucose tolerance observed at these ages upon pollutant exposure in the HFSD-fed females. Collectively, these data suggest apparent biphasic effects of pollutants upon HFSD feeding along with obesity development. These effects were not observed in males and may depend on interactions between diet and pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Naville
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, INRA UMR1397, INSA-Lyon, Oullins, France
| | - Emmanuel Labaronne
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, INRA UMR1397, INSA-Lyon, Oullins, France
| | - Nathalie Vega
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, INRA UMR1397, INSA-Lyon, Oullins, France
| | - Claudie Pinteur
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, INRA UMR1397, INSA-Lyon, Oullins, France
| | - Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, INRA UMR1397, INSA-Lyon, Oullins, France
| | - Hubert Vidal
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, INRA UMR1397, INSA-Lyon, Oullins, France
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195
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196
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Ghosh S, Mitra PS, Loffredo CA, Trnovec T, Murinova L, Sovcikova E, Ghimbovschi S, Zang S, Hoffman EP, Dutta SK. Transcriptional profiling and biological pathway analysis of human equivalence PCB exposure in vitro: indicator of disease and disorder development in humans. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 138:202-16. [PMID: 25725301 PMCID: PMC4739739 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Our earlier gene-expression studies with a Slovak PCBs-exposed population have revealed possible disease and disorder development in accordance with epidemiological studies. The present investigation aimed to develop an in vitro model system that can provide an indication of disrupted biological pathways associated with developing future diseases, well in advance of the clinical manifestations that may take years to appear in the actual human exposure scenario. METHODS We used human Primary Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) and exposed them to a mixture of human equivalence levels of PCBs (PCB-118, -138, -153, -170, -180) as found in the PCBs-exposed Slovak population. The microarray studies of global gene expression were conducted on the Affymetrix platform using Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array along with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to associate the affected genes with their mechanistic pathways. High-throughput qRT-PCR Taqman Low Density Array (TLDA) was done to further validate the selected 6 differentially expressed genes of our interest, viz., ARNT, CYP2D6, LEPR, LRP12, RRAD, TP53, with a small population validation sample (n=71). RESULTS Overall, we revealed a discreet gene expression profile in the experimental model that resembled the diseases and disorders observed in PCBs-exposed population studies. The disease pathways included endocrine system disorders, genetic disorders, metabolic diseases, developmental disorders, and cancers, strongly consistent with the evidence from epidemiological studies. INTERPRETATION These gene finger prints could lead to the identification of populations and subgroups at high risk for disease, and can pose as early disease biomarkers well ahead of time, before the actual disease becomes visible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somiranjan Ghosh
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Partha S Mitra
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Christopher A Loffredo
- Department of Oncology & Department of Biostatistics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Tomas Trnovec
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lubica Murinova
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Sovcikova
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Svetlana Ghimbovschi
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Shizhu Zang
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Sisir K Dutta
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
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197
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Donat-Vargas C, Gea A, Sayon-Orea C, de la Fuente-Arrillaga C, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Bes-Rastrollo M. Association Between Dietary Intake of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and the Incidence of Hypertension in a Spanish Cohort. Hypertension 2015; 65:714-21. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Donat-Vargas
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (C.D.-V., A.G., C.S.-O., C.d.l.F.-A., M.A.M.-G., M.B.-R.); and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (A.G., C.d.l.F.-A., M.A.M.-G., M.B.-R.)
| | - Alfredo Gea
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (C.D.-V., A.G., C.S.-O., C.d.l.F.-A., M.A.M.-G., M.B.-R.); and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (A.G., C.d.l.F.-A., M.A.M.-G., M.B.-R.)
| | - Carmen Sayon-Orea
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (C.D.-V., A.G., C.S.-O., C.d.l.F.-A., M.A.M.-G., M.B.-R.); and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (A.G., C.d.l.F.-A., M.A.M.-G., M.B.-R.)
| | - Carmen de la Fuente-Arrillaga
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (C.D.-V., A.G., C.S.-O., C.d.l.F.-A., M.A.M.-G., M.B.-R.); and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (A.G., C.d.l.F.-A., M.A.M.-G., M.B.-R.)
| | - Miguel Angel Martinez-Gonzalez
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (C.D.-V., A.G., C.S.-O., C.d.l.F.-A., M.A.M.-G., M.B.-R.); and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (A.G., C.d.l.F.-A., M.A.M.-G., M.B.-R.)
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (C.D.-V., A.G., C.S.-O., C.d.l.F.-A., M.A.M.-G., M.B.-R.); and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (A.G., C.d.l.F.-A., M.A.M.-G., M.B.-R.)
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Abstract
Industrial chemical contaminants have a variable impact on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, this depending both on their class and on confounding factors. Today, mounting evidence is pointing to the role of environmental factors, and specifically EDCs, in the current distressing upsurge in the incidence of thyroid disease. The unease is warranted. These substances, which are nowadays rife in our environments (including in foodstuffs), have been shown to interfere with thyroid hormone action, biosynthesis, and metabolism, resulting in disruption of tissue homeostasis and/or thyroid function. Importantly, based on the concept of the "nonmonotonic dose-response curve", the relationship between dose and effect has often been found to be nonlinear. Thus, small doses can induce unpredictable, adverse effects, one case being polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), of which congener(s) may centrally inhibit the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, or dissociate thyroid receptor and selectively affect thyroid hormone signaling and action. This means that PCBs can act as agonists or antagonists at the receptor level, underlining the complexity of the interaction. This review highlights the multifold activity of chemicals demonstrated to cause thyroid disruption. It also represents a call to action among clinicians to undertake systematic monitoring of thyroid function and registering of the classes of EDs and additionally urges broader scientific collaborations to clarify these chemicals' molecular mechanisms of action, substances whose prevalence in our environments is disrupting not only the thyroid but all life on earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas H Duntas
- Unit of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Evgenidion Hospital, University of Athens, Papadiamantopoulou 20, 11520, Athens, Greece,
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199
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Andra SS, Kalyvas H, Andrianou XD, Charisiadis P, Christophi CA, Makris KC. Preliminary evidence of the association between monochlorinated bisphenol A exposure and type II diabetes mellitus: A pilot study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2015; 50:243-259. [PMID: 25594118 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.981111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence for the association of bisphenol A (BPA) with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been inconsistent in human studies. In-vitro and animal studies indicate that chlorinated BPA derivatives aggravate BPA health effects via higher estrogenic activity and alteration of membrane-initiating signaling pathways. We evaluated the association between urinary monochlorinated BPA (mono-ClBPA) concentrations and the incidence of T2DM. In our cross-sectional study, we identified 20 adult participants (≥18 yr) who reported having T2DM (doctor-diagnosed) and 131 adults with normal health. First morning void urine samples were analyzed for total BPA and mono-ClBPA. Detection limits of the analytical method were 95 ng L(-1) for BPA and 32 ng L(-1) for mono-ClBPA. Multivariable logistic regression analyses and additive Bayesian network modeling were performed. After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, urinary total BPA and other confounders, the odds of having T2DM was 3.29 times higher (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.10, 11.4; P < 0.05) per unit increase in log-transformed and creatinine-adjusted urinary mono-ClBPA levels (n = 151); this relation did not hold for total BPA. The globally optimum Bayesian model corroborated the results of the logistic regression by expressing mono-ClBPA in the pathway of T2DM, and not for total BPA. An age-matched sensitivity analysis confirmed the increase in OR of T2DM by 3.04 times (95% CI: 1.10, 11.0; P < 0.05) per unit increase in log-transformed and creatinine-adjusted urinary mono-ClBPA concentration (n = 68). The urinary monochlorinated BPA derivative was significantly associated with T2DM, whereas the parent compound (total BPA) was not. Caution should be applied in interpreting these findings, as this is the first study to report this association and the sample size of participants with T2DM is small. Additional research with a larger sample size coupled with relevant toxicological studies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syam S Andra
- a Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health in association with Harvard School of Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology , Limassol , Cyprus
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Chen Y, Wang X, Li Y, Toms LML, Gallen M, Hearn L, Aylward LL, McLachlan MS, Sly PD, Mueller JF. Persistent organic pollutants in matched breast milk and infant faeces samples. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 118:309-314. [PMID: 25463255 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Assessing blood concentration of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in infants is difficult due to the ethical and practical difficulties in obtaining sufficient quantities of blood. To determine whether measuring POPs in faeces might reflect blood concentration during infancy, we measured the concentrations of a range of POPs (i.e. polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs)) in a pilot study using matched breast milk and infant faecal samples obtained from ten mother–child pairs. All infants were breast fed, with 8 of them also receiving solid food at the time of faecal sampling. In this small dataset faecal concentrations (range 0.01–41 ng g(−1) lipid) are strongly associated with milk concentrations (range 0.02–230 ng g(−1) lipid). Associations with other factors generally could not be detected in this dataset, with the exception of a small effect of age or growth. Different sources (external or internal) of exposure appeared to directly influence faecal concentrations of different chemicals based on different inter-individual variability in the faeces-to-milk concentration ratio Rfm. Overall, the matrix of faeces as an external measure of internal exposure in infants looks promising for some chemicals and is worth assessing further in larger datasets.
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