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Dou X, Zhou WY, Ding M, Ma YJ, Yang QQ, Qian SW, Tang Y, Tang QQ, Liu Y. The protease SENP2 controls hepatic gluconeogenesis by regulating the SUMOylation of the fuel sensor AMPKα. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101544. [PMID: 34971706 PMCID: PMC8888337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled gluconeogenesis results in elevated hepatic glucose production in type 2 diabetes. The SUMO-specific protease 2 (SENP2) is known to catalyze deSUMOylation of target proteins, with broad effects on cell growth, signal transduction, and developmental processes. However, the role of SENP2 in hepatic gluconeogenesis and the occurrence of type 2 diabetes remains unknown. Herein, we established SENP2 hepatic knockout mice and found that SENP2 deficiency could protect against high fat diet-induced hyperglycemia. Pyruvate or glucagon-induced elevation in blood glucose was attenuated by disruption of SENP2 expression, whereas overexpression of SENP2 in the liver facilitated high fat diet-induced hyperglycemia. Using an in vitro assay, we showed that SENP2 regulated hepatic glucose production. Mechanistically, the effects of SENP2 on gluconeogenesis were found to be mediated by the cellular fuel sensor kinase AMPKα, which is a negative regulator of gluconeogenesis. SENP2 interacted with and deSUMOylated AMPKα, thereby promoting its ubiquitination and reducing its protein stability. Inhibition of AMPKα kinase activity dramatically reversed impaired hepatic gluconeogenesis and reduced blood glucose levels in SENP2-deficient mice. Our study highlights the novel role of hepatic SENP2 in regulating gluconeogenesis and furthers our understanding of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dou
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin-Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Qi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Wen Qian
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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302
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Yang X, Dong B, An L, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Wang H, Song Z. Ginsenoside Rb1 ameliorates Glycemic Disorder in Mice With High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Regulating Gut Microbiota and Amino Acid Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:756491. [PMID: 34899310 PMCID: PMC8654325 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.756491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidences suggested an association between gut microbiome dysbiosis and impaired glycemic control. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) is a biologically active substance of ginseng, which serves anti-diabetic effects. However, its working mechanism especially interaction with gut microbes remains elusive in detail. In this study, we investigated the impact of Rb1 oral supplementation on high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity mice, and explored its mechanism in regulating blood glucose. The results showed that higher liver weight and lower cecum weight were observed in HFD fed mice, which was maintained by Rb1 administration. In addition, Rb1 ameliorated HFD induced blood lipid abnormality and improved insulin sensitivity. Several mRNA expressions in the liver were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, of which UCP2, Nr1H4, and Fiaf were reversed by Rb1 treatment. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis indicated that Rb1 significantly altered gut microbiota composition and increased the abundance of mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia spp. compared to HFD mice. As suggested via functional prediction, amino acid metabolism was modulated by Rb1 supplementation. Subsequent serum amino acids investigation indicated that several diabetes associated amino acids, like branched-chain amino acids, tryptophan and alanine, were altered in company with Rb1 supplementation. Moreover, correlation analysis firstly implied that the circulation level of alanine was related to Akkermansia spp.. In summary, Rb1 supplementation improved HFD induced insulin resistance in mice, and was associated with profound changes in microbial composition and amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bangjian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun An
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Honglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziteng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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303
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Qu X, Guan P, Xu L, Liu B, Li M, Xu Z, Huang X, Han L. Riligustilide alleviates hepatic insulin resistance and gluconeogenesis in T2DM mice through multitarget actions. Phytother Res 2021; 36:462-474. [PMID: 34897854 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Riligustilide (RG), one of the dimeric phthalides of Angelica sinensis and Ligusticum chuanxiong, was confirmed effective against many diseases. However, its effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated yet. The current study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic potential by which RG affects the pathogenesis of T2DM. Comprehensive insights into the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of RG on attenuating aberrant metabolism of glucose were determined in high-fat diet-induced T2DM mice and insulin-resistant (IR) HepG2 cells. In high-fat diet-induced C57BL/6J mice, RG administration significantly reduced hyperglycemia, decreased hyperinsulinemia, and ameliorated glucose intolerance. Mechanistically, RG activated PPARγ and insulin signaling pathway to improve insulin sensitivity, and increase glucose uptake as well as glycogenesis. In addition, RG also upregulated AMPK-TORC2-FoxO1 axis to attenuate gluconeogenesis in vivo and in vitro. According to the findings, RG may be a promising candidate for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Qu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peipei Guan
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lixiao Xu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Minglei Li
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaonan Xu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueshi Huang
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Han
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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304
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Abstract
We previously identified genomic variants that are quantitative trait loci for circulating miR-1908-5p and then showed this microRNA to causally associate with plasma levels of LDL-C, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c. The link to LDL-C was subsequently validated and clarified by the identification of a miR1908-5p-TGFB-LDLR regulatory axis. Here, we continue our investigations on miR1908-5p function by leveraging human primary hepatocytes and HuH-7 hepatoma models. Expression of miR1908-5p was shown to be sensitive to glucose and agents affecting glucose metabolism. Transcriptome-wide changes in primary hepatocytes and HuH-7 cells treated with a miR1908-5p mimic were investigated by enrichment approaches to identify targeted transcripts and cognate pathways. Significant pathways included autophagy and increased mitochondrial function. Reduced activation and/or levels of several key energy and metabolic regulators (AKT, mTOR, ME1, G6PD, AMPK and LKB) were subsequently confirmed in mimic treated HuH-7 cells. These effects were associated with reduced NADPH to NADP+ ratio in HuH-7 cells. LKB1 was validated as a direct target of miR1908-5p, the reintroduction of which was however insufficient to compensate for the impact of the miR1908-5p mimic on AMPK and ACC1. These findings implicate miR1908-5p in metabolic and energy regulation in hepatocyte models via multiple, independent, pathways.
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305
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Song X, Fu H, Chen W. Effects of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides on quality improvement of fermented milk and antihyperlipidemic on streptozotocin-induced mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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306
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Monica Shih MC, Huang CCJ, Chu HP, Hsu NC, Chung BC. Embryonic Steroids Control Developmental Programming of Energy Balance. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6380292. [PMID: 34599818 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucose is a major energy source for growth. At birth, neonates must change their energy source from maternal supply to its own glucose production. The mechanism of this transition has not been clearly elucidated. To evaluate the possible roles of steroids in this transition, here we examine the defects associated with energy production of a mouse line that cannot synthesize steroids de novo due to the disruption of its Cyp11a1 (cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1) gene. The Cyp11a1 null embryos had insufficient blood insulin and failed to store glycogen in the liver since embryonic day 16.5. Their blood glucose dropped soon after maternal deprivation, and the expression of hepatic gluconeogenic and glycogenic genes were reduced. Insulin was synthesized in the mutant fetal pancreas but failed to be secreted. Maternal glucocorticoid supply rescued the amounts of blood glucose, insulin, and liver glycogen in the fetus but did not restore expression of genes for glycogen synthesis, indicating the requirement of de novo glucocorticoid synthesis for glycogen storage. Thus, our investigation of Cyp11a1 null embryos reveals that the energy homeostasis is established before birth, and fetal steroids are required for the regulation of glycogen synthesis, hepatic gluconeogenesis, and insulin secretion at the fetal stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chun Monica Shih
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Che Jeff Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Hsueh-Ping Chu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chi Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bon-Chu Chung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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307
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Sparks JR, Sarzynski MA, Davis JM, Grandjean PW, Wang X. Alterations in Glycemic Variability, Vascular Health, and Oxidative Stress following a 12-Week Aerobic Exercise Intervention-A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2021; 14:1334-1353. [PMID: 35096240 PMCID: PMC8758171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The state of being overweight or obese leads to an increased risk of development of cardiometabolic disease. Increases in glycemic variability have been associated with greater induction of oxidative stress and declined vascular health, which may be exacerbated by higher weight status and improved through exercise. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a twelve-week aerobic exercise intervention on continuous glucose monitor (CGM) assessed glucose concentrations and glycemic variability, and biomarkers of vascular health and oxidative stress in overweight or obese adults. Eight adults (Age = 48.9 ± 5.2 years; BMI = 29.4 ± 8.3 kg/m2) completed a twelve-week aerobic exercise intervention. Participants walked three times per week at moderate intensity for ~150 minutes each week. All participants wore a CGM for seven consecutive days at baseline and post-intervention. On the final day of monitoring, a fasting blood sample was collected, and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Intra- and inter-day glycemic variability was assessed as the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, continuous overlapping net glycemic action of one-, two-, and four-hour, and the mean observation of daily differences. Plasma concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured, and their ratio was calculated (NO:MPO). No CGM-assessed glucose concentrations or measures of glycemic variability changed from baseline to post-intervention. MPO concentration decreased (24.8 ± 8.2 ng/mL to 16.4 ± 4.6 ng/mL, p < 0.01), the NO:MPO ratio improved (3.5:1 to 6.4:1, p < 0.01) following the twelve-week intervention. Individual level changes in body weight and V̇O2peak were found. In conclusion, twelve weeks of aerobic exercise reduced oxidative stress and improved the propensity to vasodilate but did not alter CGM-assessed glucose concentrations or glycemic variability in this group of overweight or obese non-diabetic adults. These findings may be due to individual changes in body weight or V̇O2peak, which necessitates further research to explore their influence on these outcomes of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Sparks
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Women's Health Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Mark A Sarzynski
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - J Mark Davis
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Peter W Grandjean
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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308
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Hua S, Liu Q, Li J, Fan M, Yan K, Ye D. Beta-klotho in type 2 diabetes mellitus: From pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:1091-1109. [PMID: 34120289 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a global health problem with no cure. Despite lifestyle modifications and various pharmaceutical options, the achievement of stable and durable glucose control along with effective prevention of T2DM-related cardiovascular complications remains a challenging task in clinical management. With its selective high abundance in metabolic tissues (adipose tissue, liver, and pancreas), β-Klotho is the essential component of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor complexes. It is essential for high-affinity binding of endocrine FGF19 and FGF21 to evoke the signaling cascade actively involved in homeostatic maintenance of glucose metabolism and energy expenditure. In this Review, we discuss the biological function of β-Klotho in the regulation of glucose metabolism and offer mechanistic insights into its involvement in the pathophysiology of T2DM. We review our current understanding of the endocrine axis comprised of β-Klotho and FGFs (FGF19 and FGF21) and its regulatory effects on glucose metabolism under physiological and T2DM conditions. We also highlight advances in the development and preclinical validation of pharmacological compounds that target β-Klotho and/or the β-Klotho-FGFRs complex for the treatment of T2DM. Given the remarkable advances in this field, we also discuss outstanding research questions and the many challenges in the clinical development of β-Klotho-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hua
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jufei Li
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengqi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaixuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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309
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Ibrahim WS, Ahmed HMS, Mahmoud AAA, Mahmoud MF, Ibrahim IAAEH. Propranolol and low-dose isoproterenol ameliorate insulin resistance, enhance β-arrestin2 signaling, and reduce cardiac remodeling in high-fructose, high-fat diet-fed mice: Comparative study with metformin. Life Sci 2021; 286:120055. [PMID: 34662551 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS β-Arrestin2 signaling has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for the management of insulin resistance and related complications. Moreover, recent studies have shown that certain G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands can modulate β-arrestin2 signaling. The current study examined the effects of the β-blocker propranolol and a low dose of the agonist isoproterenol (L-D-ISOPROT) on β-arrestin2 signaling, insulin resistance, and cardiac remodeling in high-fructose, high-fat diet (HFrHFD)-fed mice. In addition, the effects of these agents were compared to those of the clinical antidiabetic agent, metformin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Insulin resistance was induced by HFrHFD feeding for 16 weeks. Mice were then randomly allocated to groups receiving propranolol, L-D-ISOPROT, metformin, or vehicle (control) for 4 weeks starting on week 13 of HFrHFD feeding. Survival rate, body weight, visceral fat weight, blood glucose, serum insulin, insulin resistance index, hepatic β-arrestin2 signaling, heart weight, left and right ventricular thicknesses, cardiac fibrosis severity, serum endothelin-1, cardiac cardiotrophin-1, and cardiac β-arrestin2 signaling were then compared among groups. KEY FINDINGS HFrHFD for 16 weeks significantly increased insulin resistance index, cardiac fibrosis area, and serum endothelin-1, and reduced hepatic β-arrestin2 signaling, cardiac cardiotrophin-1, and cardiac β-arrestin2 signaling without significant changes in survival rate, body weight, visceral fat weight, heart weight, or left and right ventricular thicknesses. All three drugs reduced insulin resistance and cardiac remodeling parameters and enhanced β-arrestin2 signaling with variable efficacies. SIGNIFICANCE Propranolol and L-D-ISOPROT, like metformin, can reduce insulin-resistance and cardiac remodeling in HFrHFD-fed mice, possibly by upregulating β-arrestin2 signaling activity. Therefore, β-arrestin2-signaling modulation might be a promising strategy for insulin-resistance treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hoda M S Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt; Medical Supply Chain, Abo-Hammad Health Administration, Ministry of Health, Egypt
| | - Amr A A Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Mona F Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Islam A A E-H Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt.
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310
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de Hoyos-Vega JM, Hong HJ, Stybayeva G, Revzin A. Hepatocyte cultures: From collagen gel sandwiches to microfluidic devices with integrated biosensors. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:041504. [PMID: 34703968 PMCID: PMC8519630 DOI: 10.1063/5.0058798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes are parenchymal cells of the liver responsible for drug detoxification, urea and bile production, serum protein synthesis, and glucose homeostasis. Hepatocytes are widely used for drug toxicity studies in bioartificial liver devices and for cell-based liver therapies. Because hepatocytes are highly differentiated cells residing in a complex microenvironment in vivo, they tend to lose hepatic phenotype and function in vitro. This paper first reviews traditional culture approaches used to rescue hepatic function in vitro and then discusses the benefits of emerging microfluidic-based culture approaches. We conclude by reviewing integration of hepatocyte cultures with bioanalytical or sensing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. de Hoyos-Vega
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | - Hye Jin Hong
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | - Gulnaz Stybayeva
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
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311
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Study of hepatoprotective effect of bearberry leaves extract under insulin resistance in rats. EUREKA: HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5679.2021.002174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate the antidiabetic and hepatoprotective efficacy of dry extract from bearberry leaves enriched with arginine in dexamethasone induced IR.
Materials and methods. IR was induced in rats by low dose intraperitoneally injections of dexamethasone. Dexamethasone-induced IR in rats was treated by bearberry leaves extract enriched with arginine. Thus, animals were randomized into several groups including intact animals and animals, which administered reference compounds and medications.
The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamine transferase (GGT) were determined in blood serum and liver homogenate, in addition, in blood serum we measured lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and lactate level and glycogen content liver tissue. Also, for the purpose of our experiment, in liver tissue were determined: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), diene conjugates (DC), and reduced glutathione (GSH) content; and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), and catalase (CAT) activities. All indices were determined using generally accepted unified methods or commercially available kits.
Results. Long-term dexamethasone administration led to an increase in AST, ALT and GGT overall activity in the liver homogenate and serum; this could be the result of increased permeability of hepatocyte plasma membranes, as well as their enhanced synthesis in the liver. Studied extract ameliorate these indices of liver injury. Evaluation of indices that reflected oxidative stress and the antioxidant system status in liver confirmed oxidative stress development in IR rats` liver. Administration of arginine enriched bearberry leaves extract decrease TBARS and DC content in liver tissue, at the same time, improve SOD, Gpx, and CAT activities and increase GSH content.
Conclusions. Bearberry leaves dry extract enriched with arginine inhibit oxidative stress development, improve membrane integrity, and normalize some indices of carbohydrate metabolism, particularly glycogen content in liver and lactate level in blood.
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312
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Tsagkaraki E, Nicoloro SM, DeSouza T, Solivan-Rivera J, Desai A, Lifshitz LM, Shen Y, Kelly M, Guilherme A, Henriques F, Amrani N, Ibraheim R, Rodriguez TC, Luk K, Maitland S, Friedline RH, Tauer L, Hu X, Kim JK, Wolfe SA, Sontheimer EJ, Corvera S, Czech MP. CRISPR-enhanced human adipocyte browning as cell therapy for metabolic disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6931. [PMID: 34836963 PMCID: PMC8626495 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with disturbances in insulin-regulated glucose and lipid fluxes and severe comorbidities including cardiovascular disease and steatohepatitis. Whole body metabolism is regulated by lipid-storing white adipocytes as well as "brown" and "brite/beige" adipocytes that express thermogenic uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and secrete factors favorable to metabolic health. Implantation of brown fat into obese mice improves glucose tolerance, but translation to humans has been stymied by low abundance of primary human beige adipocytes. Here we apply methods to greatly expand human adipocyte progenitors from small samples of human subcutaneous adipose tissue and then disrupt the thermogenic suppressor gene NRIP1 by CRISPR. Ribonucleoprotein consisting of Cas9 and sgRNA delivered ex vivo are fully degraded by the human cells following high efficiency NRIP1 depletion without detectable off-target editing. Implantation of such CRISPR-enhanced human or mouse brown-like adipocytes into high fat diet fed mice decreases adiposity and liver triglycerides while enhancing glucose tolerance compared to implantation with unmodified adipocytes. These findings advance a therapeutic strategy to improve metabolic homeostasis through CRISPR-based genetic enhancement of human adipocytes without exposing the recipient to immunogenic Cas9 or delivery vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouela Tsagkaraki
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- University of Crete School of Medicine, Crete, 71003, Greece
| | - Sarah M Nicoloro
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Tiffany DeSouza
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Javier Solivan-Rivera
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Anand Desai
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Lawrence M Lifshitz
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Yuefei Shen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Mark Kelly
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Adilson Guilherme
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Felipe Henriques
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Nadia Amrani
- University of Crete School of Medicine, Crete, 71003, Greece
| | - Raed Ibraheim
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Tomas C Rodriguez
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Kevin Luk
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Stacy Maitland
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Randall H Friedline
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Lauren Tauer
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Xiaodi Hu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Scot A Wolfe
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Erik J Sontheimer
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Silvia Corvera
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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313
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Chung YL, Hou YC, Wang IK, Lu KC, Yen TH. Organophosphate pesticides and new-onset diabetes mellitus: From molecular mechanisms to a possible therapeutic perspective. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1818-1831. [PMID: 34888010 PMCID: PMC8613664 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i11.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate is a commonly used pesticide in the agricultural sector. The main action of organophosphate focuses on acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and it therefore contributes to acute cholinergic crisis, intermediate syndrome and delayed neurotoxicity. From sporadic case series to epidemiologic studies, organophosphate has been linked to hyperglycemia and the occurrence of new-onset diabetes mellitus. Organophosphate-mediated direct damage to pancreatic beta cells, insulin resistance related to systemic inflammation and excessive hepatic gluconeogenesis and polymorphisms of the enzyme governing organophosphate elimination are all possible contributors to the development of new-onset diabetes mellitus. To date, a preventive strategy for organophosphate-mediated new-onset diabetes mellitus is still lacking. However, lowering reactive oxygen species levels may be a practical method to reduce the risk of developing hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Chung
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Cardinal-Tien Hospital, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chou Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - I-Kuan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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314
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Mertens J, De Block C, Spinhoven M, Driessen A, Francque SM, Kwanten WJ. Hepatopathy Associated With Type 1 Diabetes: Distinguishing Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease From Glycogenic Hepatopathy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:768576. [PMID: 34759828 PMCID: PMC8573337 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.768576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells results in the permanent loss of insulin production in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The daily necessity to inject exogenous insulin to treat hyperglycemia leads to a relative portal vein insulin deficiency and potentiates hypoglycemia which can induce weight gain, while daily fluctuations of blood sugar levels affect the hepatic glycogen storage and overall metabolic control. These, among others, fundamental characteristics of T1D are associated with the development of two distinct, but in part clinically similar hepatopathies, namely non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and glycogen hepatopathy (GlyH). Recent studies suggest that NAFLD may be increasingly common in T1D because more people with T1D present with overweight and/or obesity, linked to the metabolic syndrome. GlyH is a rare but underdiagnosed complication hallmarked by extremely brittle metabolic control in, often young, individuals with T1D. Both hepatopathies share clinical similarities, troubling both diagnosis and differentiation. Since NAFLD is increasingly associated with cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease, whereas GlyH is considered self-limiting, awareness and differentiation between both condition is important in clinical care. The exact pathogenesis of both hepatopathies remains obscure, hence licensed pharmaceutical therapy is lacking and general awareness amongst physicians is low. This article aims to review the factors potentially contributing to fatty liver disease or glycogen storage disruption in T1D. It ends with a proposal for clinicians to approach patients with T1D and potential hepatopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Mertens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Christophe De Block
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maarten Spinhoven
- Department of Radiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ann Driessen
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,CORE, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sven M Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Wilhelmus J Kwanten
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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315
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Chi Y, Youn DY, Xiaoli AM, Liu L, Qiu Y, Kurland IJ, Pessin JB, Yang F, Pessin JE. Comparative impact of dietary carbohydrates on the liver transcriptome in two strains of mice. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:456-472. [PMID: 34643091 PMCID: PMC8616594 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive long-term consumption of dietary carbohydrates, including glucose, sucrose, or fructose, has been shown to have significant impact on genome-wide gene expression, which likely results from changes in metabolic substrate flux. However, there has been no comprehensive study on the acute effects of individual sugars on the genome-wide gene expression that may reveal the genetic changes altering signaling pathways, subsequent metabolic processes, and ultimately physiological/pathological responses. Considering that gene expressions in response to acute carbohydrate ingestion might be different in nutrient sensitive and insensitive mammals, we conducted comparative studies of genome-wide gene expression by deep mRNA sequencing of the liver in nutrient sensitive C57BL/6J and nutrient insensitive BALB/cJ mice. Furthermore, to determine the temporal responses, we compared livers from mice in the fasted state and following ingestion of standard laboratory mouse chow supplemented with plain drinking water or water containing 20% glucose, sucrose, or fructose. Supplementation with these carbohydrates induced unique extents and temporal changes in gene expressions in a strain specific manner. Fructose and sucrose stimulated gene changes peaked at 3 h postprandial, whereas glucose effects peaked at 12 h and 6 h postprandial in C57BL/6J and BABL/cJ mice, respectively. Network analyses revealed that fructose changed genes were primarily involved in lipid metabolism and were more complex in C57BL/6J than in BALB/cJ mice. These data demonstrate that there are qualitative and antitative differences in the normal physiological responses of the liver between these two strains of mice and C57BL/6J is more sensitive to sugar intake than BALB/cJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Chi
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- The Fleischer Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Dou Yeon Youn
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- The Fleischer Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Alus M Xiaoli
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- The Fleischer Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- The Fleischer Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Yunping Qiu
- Einstein Stable Isotope and Metabolomics Core, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Irwin J Kurland
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Einstein Stable Isotope and Metabolomics Core, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jacob B Pessin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Fajun Yang
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- The Fleischer Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jeffrey E Pessin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- The Fleischer Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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316
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Shu L, Hou X, Song G, Wang C, Ma H. Comparative analysis of long non‑coding RNA expression profiles induced by resveratrol and metformin treatment for hepatic insulin resistance. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:206. [PMID: 34581420 PMCID: PMC8480386 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) and metformin (MET) play a role in the treatment of diabetes; however, the mechanisms through which they mediate insulin resistance by regulating long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) remain unknown. The present study was conducted to determine whether RSV and MET can improve insulin resistance in the livers of high‑fat diet (HFD)‑fed mice by regulating lncRNAs. C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD for 8 weeks to establish a model of insulin resistance. The mice were subsequently treated with RSV or MET for 8 weeks and liver tissue samples were then collected. High‑throughput sequencing was utilized to analyze mouse liver tissue samples to obtain differential lncRNA expression profiles. RSV or MET both reduced the blood glucose levels, the insulin index and the area under the curve in HFD‑fed mice. Treatment also improved liver structure and decreased lipid deposition in liver tissues, as shown by H&E and Oil Red O staining. Compared with the MET group, there were 55 lncRNAs and 19 mRNAs with a differential expression. In total, eight lncRNAs were randomly selected and evaluated by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR). The results of seven lncRNAs corresponded to those of the sequencing analysis. Pathway analysis revealed that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway had the highest enrichment score. In addition, the results of western blot analysis and RT‑qPCR revealed that the expression levels of forkhead box O1, glucose‑6‑phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 in the RSV and MET groups were significantly decreased compared with those in the HFD group. NONMMUT034936.2 and G6PC target genes exhibited similar expression patterns, indicating that RSV and MET may affect the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway through NONMMUT034936.2 to attenuate insulin resistance. On the whole, the present study provides novel biomarkers or contemporary perspectives for the use of RSV and MET in the treatment of insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Shu
- Research Center for Clinical Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Guangyao Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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317
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Zhang Q, Xiao X, Zheng J, Li M, Yu M, Ping F, Wang T, Wang X. Improvement in glucose metabolism in adult male offspring of maternal mice fed diets supplemented with inulin via regulation of the hepatic long noncoding RNA profile. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22003. [PMID: 34706105 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100355rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Maternal overnutrition during pregnancy and lactation is an important risk factor for the later development of metabolic disease, especially diabetes, among mothers and their offspring. As a fructan-type plant polysaccharide, inulin has prebiotic functions and is widely used as a natural antidiabetic supplement. However, to date, the mechanism of maternal inulin treatment in the livers of offspring has not been addressed, especially with respect to long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). In this study, female C57BL6/J mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) with or without inulin supplementation or a standard rodent diet (SD) during gestation and lactation. After the offspring were weaned, they were fed a SD for 5 weeks. At 8 weeks of age, the glucose metabolism indexes of the offspring were assessed, and their livers were collected to assay lncRNA and mRNA profiles to investigate the effects of early maternal inulin intervention on offspring. Our results indicate that male offspring from HFD-fed dams displayed glucose intolerance and an insulin resistance phenotype at 8 weeks of age. Early maternal inulin intervention improved glucose metabolism in male offspring of mothers fed a HFD during gestation and lactation. The lncRNA and mRNA profile data revealed that compared with the offspring from HFD dams, offspring from the early inulin intervention dams had 99 differentially expressed hepatic lncRNAs and 529 differentially expressed mRNAs. The differentially expressed lncRNA-mRNA coexpression analysis demonstrated that early maternal inulin intervention may change hepatic lncRNA expression in offspring; there lncRNAs are involved in metabolic pathways and the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Importantly, the early maternal inulin intervention alleviated glucose metabolism by inhibiting the lncRNA Serpina4-ps1/let-7b-5p/Ppargc1a as a competing endogenous RNA in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Ping
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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318
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Functionalized Gadofullerene Ameliorates Impaired Glycolipid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:364-376. [PMID: 34687945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The soaring global prevalence of diabetes makes it urgent to explore new drugs with high efficacy and safety. Nanomaterial-derived bioactive agents are emerging as one of the most promising candidates for biomedical application. In the present study, we investigated the anti-diabetic effects of a functionalized gadofullerene (GF) using obese db/db and non-obese MKR mouse T2DM models. In both mouse models, the diabetic phenotypes including hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were ameliorated following 2 or 4 weeks of i.p. administration of GF. GF lowered blood glucose levels in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, the restored blood glucose levels could persist 10 days after withdrawal of GF treatment. The hepatic AKT/GSK3β/FoxO1 pathway is shown to be the main target of GF for re-balancing gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis in vivo and in vitro. In addition, GF treatment significantly reduced weight gain of db/db mice with reduced hepatic fat storage by the inhibition of de novo lipogenesis through mTOR/S6K/SREBP1 pathway. Our data provide compelling evidence to support the promising application of GF for the treatment of T2DM.
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319
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Shu Y, Hassan F, Ostrowski MC, Mehta KD. Role of hepatic PKCβ in nutritional regulation of hepatic glycogen synthesis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:149023. [PMID: 34622807 PMCID: PMC8525638 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling mechanisms by which dietary fat and cholesterol signals regulate central pathways of glucose homeostasis are not completely understood. By using a hepatocyte-specific PKCβ-deficient (PKCβHep-/-) mouse model, we demonstrated the role of hepatic PKCβ in slowing disposal of glucose overload by suppressing glycogenesis and increasing hepatic glucose output. PKCβHep-/- mice exhibited lower plasma glucose under the fed condition, modestly improved systemic glucose tolerance and mildly suppressed gluconeogenesis, increased hepatic glycogen accumulation and synthesis due to elevated glucokinase expression and activated glycogen synthase (GS), and suppressed glucose-6-phosphatase expression compared with controls. These events were independent of hepatic AKT/GSK-3α/β signaling and were accompanied by increased HNF-4α transactivation, reduced FoxO1 protein abundance, and elevated expression of GS targeting protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C in the PKCβHep-/- liver compared with controls. The above data strongly imply that hepatic PKCβ deficiency causes hypoglycemia postprandially by promoting glucose phosphorylation via upregulating glucokinase and subsequently redirecting more glucose-6-phosphate to glycogen via activating GS. In summary, hepatic PKCβ has a unique and essential ability to induce a coordinated response that negatively affects glycogenesis at multiple levels under physiological postprandial conditions, thereby integrating nutritional fat intake with dysregulation of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoling Shu
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Faizule Hassan
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael C Ostrowski
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Holling Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kamal D Mehta
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Instacare Therapeutics, Dublin, Ohio, USA
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320
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Ben-Haroush Schyr R, Al-Kurd A, Moalem B, Permyakova A, Israeli H, Bardugo A, Arad Y, Hefetz L, Bergel M, Haran A, Azar S, Magenheim I, Tam J, Grinbaum R, Ben-Zvi D. Sleeve Gastrectomy Suppresses Hepatic Glucose Production and Increases Hepatic Insulin Clearance Independent of Weight Loss. Diabetes 2021; 70:2289-2298. [PMID: 34341005 PMCID: PMC8576500 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Bariatric operations induce weight loss, which is associated with an improvement in hepatic steatosis and a reduction in hepatic glucose production. It is not clear whether these outcomes are entirely due to weight loss, or whether the new anatomy imposed by the surgery contributes to the improvement in the metabolic function of the liver. We performed vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) on obese mice provided with a high-fat high-sucrose diet and compared them to diet and weight-matched sham-operated mice (WMS). At 40 days after surgery, VSG-operated mice displayed less hepatic steatosis compared with WMS. By measuring the fasting glucose and insulin levels in the blood vessels feeding and draining the liver, we showed directly that hepatic glucose production was suppressed after VSG. Insulin levels were elevated in the portal vein, and hepatic insulin clearance was elevated in VSG-operated mice. The hepatic expression of genes associated with insulin clearance was upregulated. We repeated the experiment in lean mice and observed that portal insulin and glucagon are elevated, but only insulin clearance is increased in VSG-operated mice. In conclusion, direct measurement of glucose and insulin in the blood entering and leaving the liver shows that VSG affects glucose and insulin metabolism through mechanisms independent of weight loss and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ben-Haroush Schyr
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School-The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Abbas Al-Kurd
- Department of Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center-Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Botros Moalem
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School-The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anna Permyakova
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hadar Israeli
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School-The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aya Bardugo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School-The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yhara Arad
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School-The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liron Hefetz
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School-The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Bergel
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School-The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arnon Haran
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School-The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shahar Azar
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Itia Magenheim
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School-The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronit Grinbaum
- Department of Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center-Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Danny Ben-Zvi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School-The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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321
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Homan EP, Brandão BB, Softic S, El Ouaamari A, O’Neill BT, Kulkarni RN, Kim JK, Kahn CR. Differential roles of FOXO transcription factors on insulin action in brown and white adipose tissue. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e143328. [PMID: 34428182 PMCID: PMC8483763 DOI: 10.1172/jci143328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin and IGF-1 are essential for adipocyte differentiation and function. Mice lacking insulin and IGF-1 receptors in fat (FIGIR-KO, fat-specific IGF-1 receptor and insulin receptor-KO) exhibit complete loss of white and brown adipose tissue (WAT and BAT), glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hepatosteatosis, and cold intolerance. To determine the role of FOXO transcription factors in the altered adipose phenotype, we generated FIGIR-KO mice with fat-specific KO of fat-expressed Foxos [Foxo1, Foxo3, Foxo4] (F-Quint-KO). Unlike FIGIR-KO mice, F-Quint-KO mice had normal BAT, glucose tolerance, insulin-regulated hepatic glucose production, and cold tolerance. However, loss of FOXOs only partially rescued subcutaneous WAT and hepatosteatosis, did not rescue perigonadal WAT or systemic insulin resistance, and led to even more marked hyperinsulinemia. Thus, FOXOs play different roles in insulin/IGF-1 action in different adipose depots, being most important in BAT, followed by subcutaneous WAT and then by visceral WAT. Disruption of FOXOs in fat also led to a reversal of insulin resistance in liver, but not in skeletal muscle, and an exacerbation of hyperinsulinemia. Thus, adipose FOXOs play a unique role in regulating crosstalk between adipose depots, liver, and β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica P. Homan
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Biology Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruna B. Brandão
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samir Softic
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Abdelfattah El Ouaamari
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Brian T. O’Neill
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason K. Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine and
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C. Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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322
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Wang J, Guo Y, Geng X, Hu J, Yan M, Sun Y, Zhang K, Qu L, Li Z. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Enables the Rational Design of Lipid Droplet-Targeting Carbon Dots for Visualizing Bisphenol A-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-like Changes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44086-44095. [PMID: 34516075 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) play indispensable roles in numerous physiological processes; hence, the visualization of the dynamic behavior of LDs in living cells is of great importance in physiological and pathological research. In this article, the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) theory was employed as an effective design strategy for the development of organelle-targeting carbon dots (CDs). The lipid-water partition coefficient (Log P) of the QSAR was adopted as a key parameter to predict the cellular uptake and subcellular localization of CDs in live cells. By carefully adjusting the molecular structure and lipophilicity of the precursors, p-phenylenediamine-derivatized nucleolus-targeting hydrophilic CDs were converted to lipophilic CDs [4-piperidinoaniline (PA) CDs] with inherent LD-targeting performance. The PA CDs were able to indicate the dynamic behavior of LDs and visualize the changes of bisphenol A-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-like changes in a cellular model. The QSAR strategy of CDs demonstrated here is expected to be increasingly exploited as a powerful design tool for developing various organelle-targeting CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Wang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yifei Guo
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xin Geng
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jingyu Hu
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Minmin Yan
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuanqiang Sun
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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323
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Della Torre S. Beyond the X Factor: Relevance of Sex Hormones in NAFLD Pathophysiology. Cells 2021; 10:2502. [PMID: 34572151 PMCID: PMC8470830 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue worldwide, being frequently associated with obesity, unbalanced dietary regimens, and reduced physical activity. Despite their greater adiposity and reduced physical activity, women show a lower risk of developing NAFLD in comparison to men, likely a consequence of a sex-specific regulation of liver metabolism. In the liver, sex differences in the uptake, synthesis, oxidation, deposition, and mobilization of lipids, as well as in the regulation of inflammation, are associated with differences in NAFLD prevalence and progression between men and women. Given the major role of sex hormones in driving hepatic sexual dimorphism, this review will focus on the role of sex hormones and their signaling in the regulation of hepatic metabolism and in the molecular mechanisms triggering NAFLD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
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324
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Lu Q, Tian X, Wu H, Huang J, Li M, Mei Z, Zhou L, Xie H, Zheng S. Metabolic Changes of Hepatocytes in NAFLD. Front Physiol 2021; 12:710420. [PMID: 34526911 PMCID: PMC8437340 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.710420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often accompanied by systemic metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and obesity. The relationship between NAFLD and systemic metabolic disorders has been well reviewed before, however, the metabolic changes that occur in hepatocyte itself have not been discussed. In NAFLD, many metabolic pathways have undergone significant changes in hepatocyte, such as enhanced glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, lactate production, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and decreased ketone body production, mitochondrial respiration, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, which play a role in compensating or exacerbating disease progression, and there is close and complex interaction existed between these metabolic pathways. Among them, some metabolic pathways can be the potential therapeutic targets for NAFLD. A detailed summary of the metabolic characteristics of hepatocytes in the context of NAFLD helps us better understand the pathogenesis and outcomes of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrang Lu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyao Tian
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Mei
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery & Liver Transplantation, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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325
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Porphyromonas gingivalis induces entero-hepatic metabolic derangements with alteration of gut microbiota in a type 2 diabetes mouse model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18398. [PMID: 34526589 PMCID: PMC8443650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97868-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal infection induces systemic inflammation; therefore, aggravating diabetes. Orally administered periodontal pathogens may directly alter the gut microbiota. We orally treated obese db/db diabetes mice using Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). We screened for Pg-specific peptides in the intestinal fecal specimens and examined whether Pg localization influenced the intestinal microbiota profile, in turn altering the levels of the gut metabolites. We evaluated whether the deterioration in fasting hyperglycemia was related to the changes in the intrahepatic glucose metabolism, using proteome and metabolome analyses. Oral Pg treatment aggravated both fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia (P < 0.05), with a significant (P < 0.01) increase in dental alveolar bone resorption. Pg-specific peptides were identified in fecal specimens following oral Pg treatment. The intestinal Pg profoundly altered the gut microbiome profiles at the phylum, family, and genus levels; Prevotella exhibited the largest increase in abundance. In addition, Pg-treatment significantly altered intestinal metabolite levels. Fasting hyperglycemia was associated with the increase in the levels of gluconeogenesis-related enzymes and metabolites without changes in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance. Oral Pg administration induced gut microbiota changes, leading to entero-hepatic metabolic derangements, thus aggravating hyperglycemia in an obese type 2 diabetes mouse model.
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326
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Visvanathan R, Williamson G. Citrus polyphenols and risk of type 2 diabetes: Evidence from mechanistic studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2178-2202. [PMID: 34496701 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1971945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Citrus fruits are a rich source of (poly)phenols, a group of dietary bioactive compounds that protect against developing type 2 diabetes. Our review critically evaluates how experimental in vitro and animal models have elucidated some of the underlying mechanisms on how citrus (poly)phenols affect the markers of type 2 diabetes. According to animal studies, the beneficial effects derived from consuming citrus compounds appear to be related to long-term effects, rather than acute. There are some notable effects from citrus (poly)phenol metabolites on post-absorptive processes, such as modulation of hepatic glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in target tissues, but with a more modest effect on digestion and sugar absorption within the gut. Experimental studies on cells and other systems in vitro have indicated some of the possible mechanisms involved, but ∼70% of the studies utilized unrealistically high concentrations and forms of the compounds, compromising physiological relevance. Future studies should discuss the relevance of concentration used in in vitro experiments, relative to the proposed site of action, and also examine the role of catabolites produced by the gut microbiota. Finally, it is important to examine the relationship between the gut microbiota and bioavailability on the action of citrus (poly)phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizliya Visvanathan
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
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327
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Franco-Juárez B, Gómez-Manzo S, Hernández-Ochoa B, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Arreguin-Espinosa R, Pérez de la Cruz V, Ortega-Cuellar D. Effects of High Dietary Carbohydrate and Lipid Intake on the Lifespan of C. elegans. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092359. [PMID: 34572007 PMCID: PMC8465757 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Health and lifespan are influenced by dietary nutrients, whose balance is dependent on the supply or demand of each organism. Many studies have shown that an increased carbohydrate–lipid intake plays a critical role in metabolic dysregulation, which impacts longevity. Caenorhabditis elegans has been successfully used as an in vivo model to study the effects of several factors, such as genetic, environmental, diet, and lifestyle factors, on the molecular mechanisms that have been linked to healthspan, lifespan, and the aging process. There is evidence showing the causative effects of high glucose on lifespan in different diabetic models; however, the precise biological mechanisms affected by dietary nutrients, specifically carbohydrates and lipids, as well as their links with lifespan and longevity, remain unknown. Here, we provide an overview of the deleterious effects caused by high-carbohydrate and high-lipid diets, as well as the molecular signals that affect the lifespan of C. elegans; thus, understanding the detailed molecular mechanisms of high-glucose- and lipid-induced changes in whole organisms would allow the targeting of key regulatory factors to ameliorate metabolic disorders and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Franco-Juárez
- Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Noemi Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Arreguin-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-1084-0900
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328
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Plasma Metabolome Profiling by High-Performance Chemical Isotope-Labelling LC-MS after Acute and Medium-Term Intervention with Golden Berry Fruit ( Physalis peruviana L.), Confirming Its Impact on Insulin-Associated Signaling Pathways. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093125. [PMID: 34579001 PMCID: PMC8468427 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Golden berry (Physalis peruviana L.) is an exotic fruit exported from Colombia to different countries around the world. A review of the literature tends to demonstrate a hypoglycaemic effect with an improvement in insulin sensitivity after oral ingestion of fruit extracts in animal models. However, little is known about their potential effects in humans, and very little is known about the mechanisms involved. This study aimed at identifying discriminant metabolites after acute and chronic intake of golden berry. Method: An untargeted metabolomics strategy using high-performance chemical isotope-labelling LC-MS was applied. The blood samples of eighteen healthy adults were analysed at baseline, at 6 h after the intake of 250 g of golden berry (acute intervention), and after 19 days of daily consumption of 150 g (medium-term intervention). Results: Forty-nine and 36 discriminant metabolites were identified with high confidence, respectively, after the acute and medium-term interventions. Taking into account up- and downregulated metabolites, three biological networks mainly involving insulin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) were identified. Conclusions: The biological intracellular networks identified are highly interconnected with the insulin signalling pathway, showing that berry intake may be associated with insulin signalling, which could reduce some risk factors related to metabolic syndrome. Primary registry of WHO.
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329
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Jiang Z, Zhao M, Voilquin L, Jung Y, Aikio MA, Sahai T, Dou FY, Roche AM, Carcamo-Orive I, Knowles JW, Wabitsch M, Appel EA, Maikawa CL, Camporez JP, Shulman GI, Tsai L, Rosen ED, Gardner CD, Spiegelman BM, Svensson KJ. Isthmin-1 is an adipokine that promotes glucose uptake and improves glucose tolerance and hepatic steatosis. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1836-1852.e11. [PMID: 34348115 PMCID: PMC8429235 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease, there is still an unmet need to better treat hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Here, we identify isthmin-1 (Ism1) as an adipokine and one that has a dual role in increasing adipose glucose uptake while suppressing hepatic lipid synthesis. Ism1 ablation results in impaired glucose tolerance, reduced adipose glucose uptake, and reduced insulin sensitivity, demonstrating an endogenous function for Ism1 in glucose regulation. Mechanistically, Ism1 activates a PI3K-AKT signaling pathway independently of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors. Notably, while the glucoregulatory function is shared with insulin, Ism1 counteracts lipid accumulation in the liver by switching hepatocytes from a lipogenic to a protein synthesis state. Furthermore, therapeutic dosing of recombinant Ism1 improves diabetes in diet-induced obese mice and ameliorates hepatic steatosis in a diet-induced fatty liver mouse model. These findings uncover an unexpected, bioactive protein hormone that might have simultaneous therapeutic potential for diabetes and fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laetitia Voilquin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yunshin Jung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mari A Aikio
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tanushi Sahai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Florence Y Dou
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander M Roche
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ivan Carcamo-Orive
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joshua W Knowles
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eric A Appel
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics (Endocrinology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Caitlin L Maikawa
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joao Paulo Camporez
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Linus Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katrin J Svensson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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330
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Sauvé MF, Feldman F, Koudoufio M, Ould-Chikh NEH, Ahmarani L, Sane A, N’Timbane T, El-Jalbout R, Patey N, Spahis S, Stintzi A, Delvin E, Levy E. Glycomacropeptide for Management of Insulin Resistance and Liver Metabolic Perturbations. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1140. [PMID: 34572325 PMCID: PMC8469639 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The increasing prevalence and absence of effective global treatment for metabolic syndrome (MetS) are alarming given the potential progression to severe non-communicable disorders such as type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory role of glycomacropeptide (GMP), a powerful milk peptide, in insulin resistance and liver dysmetabolism, two central MetS conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were fed a chow (Ctrl), high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet or HFHS diet along with GMP (200 mg/kg/day) administered by gavage for 12 weeks. RESULTS GMP lowered plasma insulin levels (in response to oral glucose tolerance test) and HOMA-IR index, indicating a more elevated systemic insulin sensitivity. GMP was also able to decrease oxidative stress and inflammation in the circulation as reflected by the decline of malondialdehyde, F2 isoprostanes and lipopolysaccharide. In the liver, GMP raised the protein expression of the endogenous anti-oxidative enzyme GPx involving the NRF2 signaling pathway. Moreover, the administration of GMP reduced the gene expression of hepatic pro-inflammatory COX-2, TNF-α and IL-6 via inactivation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Finally, GMP improved hepatic insulin sensitization given the modulation of AKT, p38 MAPK and SAPK/JNK activities, thereby restoring liver homeostasis as revealed by enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation, reduced lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that GMP represents a promising dietary nutraceutical in view of its beneficial regulation of systemic insulin resistance and hepatic insulin signaling pathway, likely via its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Foisy Sauvé
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Francis Feldman
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mireille Koudoufio
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Nour-El-Houda Ould-Chikh
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Lena Ahmarani
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Alain Sane
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Thierry N’Timbane
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Ramy El-Jalbout
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Nathalie Patey
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Pathology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Alain Stintzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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331
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Li Y, Tang Y, Shi S, Gao S, Wang Y, Xiao D, Chen T, He Q, Zhang J, Lin Y. Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acids Ameliorate Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus via the PI3K/Akt Pathway. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:40354-40364. [PMID: 34410099 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the essential conditions in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). IR occurs in hepatic cells when the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway is downregulated; thus, activating this pathway can significantly improve insulin sensitivity and ameliorate T2DM. Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs), a DNA nanomaterial, are synthesized from four single-stranded DNA molecules. tFNAs possess excellent biocompatibility and good water solubility and stability. tFNAs can promote cell proliferation, cell autophagy, wound healing, and nerve regeneration by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Herein, we explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of tFNAs on IR. The results displayed that tFNAs could increase glucose uptake and ameliorate IR by activating the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway in glucosamine (GlcN)-stimulated HepG2 cells. By employing a PI3K inhibitor, we confirmed that tFNAs reduce IR through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, tFNAs can promote hepatic cell proliferation and inhibit GlcN-induced cell apoptosis. In a T2DM mouse model, tFNAs reduce blood glucose levels and ameliorate hepatic IR via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Taken together, tFNAs can improve hepatic IR and alleviate T2DM through the PI3K/Akt pathway, making contribution to the potential application of tFNAs in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School of Stomatology, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China
| | - Yuanlin Tang
- West China Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Sirong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shaojingya Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Dexuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, P. R. China
| | - Junjiang Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School of Stomatology, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- West China Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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332
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Westman EC. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pathophysiologic Perspective. Front Nutr 2021; 8:707371. [PMID: 34447776 PMCID: PMC8384107 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.707371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronically elevated blood glucose (hyperglycemia) and elevated blood insulin (hyperinsulinemia). When the blood glucose concentration is 100 milligrams/deciliter the bloodstream of an average adult contains about 5–10 grams of glucose. Carbohydrate-restricted diets have been used effectively to treat obesity and T2DM for over 100 years, and their effectiveness may simply be due to lowering the dietary contribution to glucose and insulin levels, which then leads to improvements in hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Treatments for T2DM that lead to improvements in glycemic control and reductions in blood insulin levels are sensible based on this pathophysiologic perspective. In this article, a pathophysiological argument for using carbohydrate restriction to treat T2DM will be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Westman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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333
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Effect of Gegen Qinlian Decoction on Hepatic Gluconeogenesis in ZDF Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on the Farnesol X Receptor/Ceramide Signaling Pathway Regulating Mitochondrial Metabolism and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9922292. [PMID: 34422083 PMCID: PMC8371656 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9922292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a kind of disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism with the main clinical manifestation of long‐term higher blood glucose level than the normal value. Farnesol X receptor (FXR)/ceramide signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating cholesterol metabolism, lipid homeostasis, and the absorption of fat and vitamins in diet. Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD) is a classical herbal formula, which has a good clinical therapeutic effect on diabetes-related metabolic syndrome. Objective To investigate the effect of Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD) on hepatic gluconeogenesis in obese T2DM rats based on the FXR/ceramide signaling pathway regulating mitochondrial metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Methods ZDF (fa/fa) rats were fed with high-fat diet to establish the T2DM model; GQD was given to T2DM model rats by gavage; changes of the general state and body weight of rats were recorded; fasting blood glucose was detected; blood insulin, blood ceramide, glycosylated hemoglobin in blood, acetyl CoA in liver mitochondria, and bile salt lyase in intestinal tissue were detected by ELISA. The content of T-β-MCA in blood was detected by LC-MS; the content of glycogen in liver tissue was detected by PAS staining; the expression of FXR, Sptlc2, and Smpd3 in ileum tissue, P-PERK, ATF6α, GRP78 BIP, and P-IRE1 in the liver, and CS and PC protein in liver mitochondria was detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot assay. The mRNA expression levels of FXR, Sptlc2, and Smpd3 in the ileum, PERK, ATF6α, GRP78 BIP, and IRE1 in the liver, and CS and PC in liver mitochondria were detected by qRT-PCR. Results GQD can improve the general state of T2DM rats, slow down their weight gain, reduce the levels of fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood ceramide, bile salt hydrolase in intestinal tissue, and acetyl CoA in liver mitochondria of T2DM rats, and increase the contents of liver glycogen and T-β-MCA in blood of T2DM rats. At the molecular level, GQD can inhibit the expression levels of FXR, Sptlc2, and Smpd3 in the ileum of T2DM rats and the protein and mRNA expression levels of oxidative stress-related factors in the liver. At the same time, GQD can increase the expression of CS and reduce the expression of PC in liver mitochondria of T2DM rats. Conclusion GQD can inhibit the FXR/ceramide signaling pathway, regulate endoplasmic reticulum stress, enhance the CS activity of liver mitochondria, reduce the acetyl CoA level and PC activity of liver mitochondria, inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis, protect islet β-cells, and control blood glucose.
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334
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Pettinato G, Coughlan MF, Zhang X, Chen L, Khan U, Glyavina M, Sheil CJ, Upputuri PK, Zakharov YN, Vitkin E, D’Assoro AB, Fisher RA, Itzkan I, Zhang L, Qiu L, Perelman LT. Spectroscopic label-free microscopy of changes in live cell chromatin and biochemical composition in transplantable organoids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/34/eabj2800. [PMID: 34407934 PMCID: PMC8373132 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Organoids formed from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) could be a limitless source of functional tissue for transplantations in many organs. Unfortunately, fine-tuning differentiation protocols to form large quantities of hiPSC organoids in a controlled, scalable, and reproducible manner is quite difficult and often takes a very long time. Recently, we introduced a new approach of rapid organoid formation from dissociated hiPSCs and endothelial cells using microfabricated cell-repellent microwell arrays. This approach, when combined with real-time label-free Raman spectroscopy of biochemical composition changes and confocal light scattering spectroscopic microscopy of chromatin transition, allows for monitoring live differentiating organoids without the need to sacrifice a sample, substantially shortening the time of protocol fine-tuning. We used this approach to both culture and monitor homogeneous liver organoids that have the main functional features of the human liver and which could be used for cell transplantation liver therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pettinato
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark F. Coughlan
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liming Chen
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Umar Khan
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Glyavina
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Conor J. Sheil
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul K. Upputuri
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuri N. Zakharov
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Vitkin
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert A. Fisher
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irving Itzkan
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Corresponding author. (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (L.T.P.)
| | - Le Qiu
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Corresponding author. (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (L.T.P.)
| | - Lev T. Perelman
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Corresponding author. (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (L.T.P.)
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335
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Guerra JVS, Dias MMG, Brilhante AJVC, Terra MF, García-Arévalo M, Figueira ACM. Multifactorial Basis and Therapeutic Strategies in Metabolism-Related Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082830. [PMID: 34444990 PMCID: PMC8398524 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, the incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, has been increasing worldwide. Changes in dietary and physical activity patterns, along with genetic conditions, are the main factors that modulate the metabolism of individuals, leading to the development of NCDs. Obesity, diabetes, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are classified in this group of chronic diseases. Therefore, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of these diseases leads us to develop more accurate and effective treatments to reduce or mitigate their prevalence in the population. Given the global relevance of NCDs and ongoing research progress, this article reviews the current understanding about NCDs and their related risk factors, with a focus on obesity, diabetes, MAFLD, and CVDs, summarizing the knowledge about their pathophysiology and highlighting the currently available and emerging therapeutic strategies, especially pharmacological interventions. All of these diseases play an important role in the contamination by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as in the progression and severity of the symptoms of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, we briefly explore the relationship between NCDs and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V. S. Guerra
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marieli M. G. Dias
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil;
| | - Anna J. V. C. Brilhante
- Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil;
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Maiara F. Terra
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil;
| | - Marta García-Arévalo
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Correspondence: or (M.G.-A.); (A.C.M.F.)
| | - Ana Carolina M. Figueira
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Correspondence: or (M.G.-A.); (A.C.M.F.)
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336
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Tang K, Zhu L, Chen J, Wang D, Zeng L, Chen C, Tang L, Zhou L, Wei K, Zhou Y, Lv J, Liu Y, Zhang H, Ma J, Huang B. Hypoxia promotes breast cancer cell growth by activating a glycogen metabolic program. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4949-4963. [PMID: 34348966 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is known to be commonly present in breast tumor microenvironments. Stem-like cells that repopulate breast tumors, termed tumor-repopulating cells (TRC), thrive under hypoxic conditions, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we show that hypoxia promotes the growth of breast TRCs through metabolic reprogramming. Hypoxia mobilized transcription factors HIF-1α and FoxO1 and induced epigenetic reprogramming to upregulate cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1), a key enzyme that initiates gluconeogenesis. PCK1 subsequently triggered retrograde carbon flow from gluconeogenesis to glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. The resultant NADPH facilitated reduced glutathione production, leading to a moderate increase of reactive oxygen species that stimulated hypoxic breast TRC growth. Notably, this metabolic mechanism was absent in differentiated breast tumor cells. Targeting PCK1 synergized with paclitaxel to reduce the growth of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). These findings uncover an altered glycogen metabolic program in breast cancer, providing potential metabolic strategies to target hypoxic breast TRCs and TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Tang
- biochemistry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology
| | - Liyan Zhu
- Huazhong University of Science & Technology
| | - Jie Chen
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Dianheng Wang
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Liping Zeng
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Chen Chen
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Liang Tang
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Li Zhou
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Keke Wei
- Huazhong University of Science & Technology
| | - Yabo Zhou
- immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Jiadi Lv
- immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Yuying Liu
- immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Jingwei Ma
- Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology
| | - Bo Huang
- Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College
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337
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Govender N, Khaliq OP, Moodley J, Naicker T. Insulin resistance in COVID-19 and diabetes. Prim Care Diabetes 2021; 15:629-634. [PMID: 33849817 PMCID: PMC8031259 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiology of COVID-19 and its association with cardiometabolic disorders is poorly understood. This is a narrative review that investigates the effects of COVID-19 infection on insulin resistance in patients with diabetes. METHODS An online search of all published literature was done via PubMed and Google Scholar using the MeSH terms "COVID-19," "SARS-CoV-2," "coronavirus," "insulin resistance," and "diabetes." Only articles that were directly applicable to insulin resistance in COVID-19 and diabetes was reviewed. RESULTS Current data shows an increased risk of mortality in patients with diabetes and COVID-19 compared to those without diabetes. COVID-19 triggers insulin resistance in patients, causing chronic metabolic disorders that were non-existent prior to infection. CONCLUSION Patients with diabetes are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection than those without diabetes. ACE2 expression decreases with infection, exaggerating Ang II activity with subsequent insulin resistance development, an exaggerated immune response and severe SARS-COV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Govender
- Dept of Basic Medical Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Olive P Khaliq
- Women's Health and HIV Research Group, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jagidesa Moodley
- Women's Health and HIV Research Group, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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338
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Yu W, Fan L, Wang M, Cao B, Hu X. Pterostilbene Improves Insulin Resistance Caused by Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) in Hepatocytes and Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100321. [PMID: 34085383 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Increased consumption of modern processed foods rich in AGEs is drawing worldwide concerns because they are related with rising diabetes prevalence. This study aimed to investigate if pterostilbene (PTE) regulates glucose metabolism and insulin signaling, as well as its potential mechanism in the context of AGEs exposure. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro, Lo2 and HepG2 cells are treated with vehicle, AGEs with or without PTE. AGEs exposure directly impair insulin action as evidenced by assays of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, consumption, and output. However, PTE efficiently rescue the AGE-induced phenotypes in both cell lines, and enhance IRS-1/PI3K/AKT insulin signaling in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, C57BL6 mice are fed with regular, high AGEs diet and high AGEs plus PTE. PTE administration effectively improves hyperglycemia, glucose tolerance, and impaired hepatic insulin signaling induced by AGEs, consistent with the in vitro experiments. Moreover, PTE reduce AGEs accumulation in liver and serum. RNA-seq data indicate that PTE counteracts several AGEs-induced dysfunctions including diabetes related process, glucose metabolic process, immune response, and so on. CONCLUSION PTE treatment prominently reduced AGEs accumulation and alleviated AGEs-associated diabetes symptoms. PTE could be used as a promising glucose-sensitizing agent for nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Yu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Lida Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Heath, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Bin Cao
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Heath, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P. R. China
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339
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Wan H, Wang B, Cui Y, Wang Y, Zhang K, Chen C, Xia F, Ye L, Wang L, Wang N, Lu Y. Low-level lead exposure promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis and contributes to the elevation of fasting glucose level. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130111. [PMID: 33691221 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) is considered an endocrine-disrupting chemical. However, few studies have investigated the effects of low-level Pb exposure on plasma glucose levels. Herein, we aimed to investigate whether low-level Pb exposure causes elevated plasma glucose levels and the possible mechanisms involved. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 5747 participants from 16 sites in China. The participants underwent measurements of anthropometric factors, blood lead level (BLL) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Wistar rats were exposed to 0.05% Pb through drinking water or fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 28 weeks. The relevant parameters of glucose homeostasis, hepatic glucose production (HGP) and gene expression levels of hepatic gluconeogenesis enzymes, including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1), were measured. In addition, gene expression levels of gluconeogenesis enzymes were also measured in HepG2 cells administered with different concentrations of lead acetate for 24 h. RESULTS In humans, after adjusting for confounders, the odds of having High_FPG (≥5.6 mmol/L) were significantly increased by 25% in the participants in the fourth BLL quartile (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.05, 1.49). In the animals exposed to 0.05% Pb, FPG, HGP and hepatic gene expression levels of PEPCK, G6PC and FBP1 were increased. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of PEPCK, G6PC and FBP1 in HepG2 cells were also increased in response to Pb exposure. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the possibility that low-level Pb exposure may increase HGP by affecting key enzymes of hepatic gluconeogenesis, eventually resulting in impaired FPG and hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wan
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuke Cui
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huangpu Branch, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huangpu Branch, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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340
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Kemas AM, Youhanna S, Zandi Shafagh R, Lauschke VM. Insulin-dependent glucose consumption dynamics in 3D primary human liver cultures measured by a sensitive and specific glucose sensor with nanoliter input volume. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21305. [PMID: 33566368 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001989rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in glucose homeostasis and hepatic insulin resistance constitutes a key feature of type 2 diabetes. However, platforms that accurately mimic human hepatic glucose disposition and allow for rapid and scalable quantification of glucose consumption dynamics are lacking. Here, we developed and optimized a colorimetric glucose assay based on the glucose oxidase-peroxidase system and demonstrate that the system can monitor glucose consumption in 3D primary human liver cell cultures over multiple days. The system was highly sensitive (limit of detection of 3.5 µM) and exceptionally accurate (R2 = 0.999) while requiring only nanoliter input volumes (250 nL), enabling longitudinal profiling of individual liver microtissues. By utilizing a novel polymer, off-stoichiometric thiol-ene (OSTE), and click-chemistry based on thiol-Michael additions, we furthermore show that the assay can be covalently bound to custom-build chips, facilitating the integration of the sensor into microfluidic devices. Using this system, we find that glucose uptake of our 3D human liver cultures closely resembles human hepatic glucose uptake in vivo as measured by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. By comparing isogenic insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive liver cultures we furthermore show that insulin and extracellular glucose levels account for 55% and 45% of hepatic glucose consumption, respectively. In conclusion, the presented data show that the integration of accurate and scalable nanoliter glucose sensors with physiologically relevant organotypic human liver models enables longitudinal profiling of hepatic glucose consumption dynamics that will facilitate studies into the biology and pathobiology of glycemic control, as well as antidiabetic drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurino M Kemas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Micro and Nanosystem, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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341
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Nawroth JC, Petropolis DB, Manatakis DV, Maulana TI, Burchett G, Schlünder K, Witt A, Shukla A, Kodella K, Ronxhi J, Kulkarni G, Hamilton G, Seki E, Lu S, Karalis KC. Modeling alcohol-associated liver disease in a human Liver-Chip. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109393. [PMID: 34289365 PMCID: PMC8342038 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a global health issue and leads to progressive liver injury, comorbidities, and increased mortality. Human-relevant preclinical models of ALD are urgently needed. Here, we leverage a triculture human Liver-Chip with biomimetic hepatic sinusoids and bile canaliculi to model ALD employing human-relevant blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) and multimodal profiling of clinically relevant endpoints. Our Liver-Chip recapitulates established ALD markers in response to 48 h of exposure to ethanol, including lipid accumulation and oxidative stress, in a concentration-dependent manner and supports the study of secondary insults, such as high blood endotoxin levels. We show that remodeling of the bile canalicular network can provide an in vitro quantitative readout of alcoholic liver toxicity. In summary, we report the development of a human ALD Liver-Chip as a powerful platform for modeling alcohol-induced liver injury with the potential for direct translation to clinical research and evaluation of patient-specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anke Witt
- Emulate, Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | | | | | - Janey Ronxhi
- Emulate, Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | | | | | - Ekihiro Seki
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Shelly Lu
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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342
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Obafemi TO, Jaiyesimi KF, Olomola AA, Olasehinde OR, Olaoye OA, Adewumi FD, Afolabi BA, Adewale OB, Akintayo CO, Ojo OA. Combined effect of metformin and gallic acid on inflammation, antioxidant status, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and glucose metabolism in fructose-fed streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1419-1427. [PMID: 34345595 PMCID: PMC8319514 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, gallic acid and a combination of both improved glucose metabolism and antioxidant status in diabetic rats. Metformin, gallic acid and a combination of both lowered levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in liver and pancreas of diabetic rats. Metformin, gallic acid and a combination of both decreased the expression of ATF4 in liver and pancreas of diabetic rats. Metformin/GA combination appeared more effective than metformin only and gallic acid only.
Over time, diabetes patients usually need combination therapy involving two or more agents, including phytonutrients to attain therapeutic targets. The purpose of this research is to elucidate the combined effect of metformin and gallic acid (GA) on glucose metabolism, inflammation as well as oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses in fructose-fed diabetic rats. Thirty-five rats of Wistar strain were arbitrarily distributed into five groups, each containing seven animals as follows: normal control, diabetic control, groups administered 100 mg/kg bw metformin only, 50 mg/kg bw gallic acid only and a combination of both. Experimental animals were made diabetic by single injection of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (intraperitoneally) subsequent to 14 days administration of 10 % fructose prior. Treatment of rats continued for 21 days following diabetes confirmation. Glucose and insulin levels as well as lipid profile were evaluated in the serum, while activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were estimated in both liver and pancreas. In addition, levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as expression of activating transcription factor-4 were evaluated in liver and pancreas of diabetic rats. Activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and glucokinase were also determined in liver of diabetic animals. Metformin only, GA only and combination of metformin and GA significantly improved antioxidant status and glucose homeostasis while inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress were significantly ameliorated in diabetic rats. Metformin/GA combination appeared to improve glucose metabolism by increasing insulin level and ameliorating the dysregulated activities of glucose metabolizing enzymes and ER stress better than either metformin only or GA only. It could be concluded that coadministration of metformin/GA produced a combined effect in ameliorating diabetes in Wistar rats and could be considered in treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajudeen O Obafemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Kikelomo F Jaiyesimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Adenike A Olomola
- Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun R Olasehinde
- Medical Biochemistry Unit, College of Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Oyindamola A Olaoye
- Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Funmilayo D Adewumi
- Industrial Chemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Olusola B Adewale
- Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Oluwafemi A Ojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-aran, Nigeria
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343
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Singh AK, Chaube B, Zhang X, Sun J, Citrin KM, Canfrán-Duque A, Aryal B, Rotllan N, Varela L, Lee RG, Horvath TL, Price NL, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. Hepatocyte-specific suppression of ANGPTL4 improves obesity-associated diabetes and mitigates atherosclerosis in mice. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140989. [PMID: 34255741 PMCID: PMC8409581 DOI: 10.1172/jci140989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic uptake and biosynthesis of fatty acids (FA), as well as the partitioning of FA into oxidative, storage, and secretory pathways are tightly regulated processes. Dysregulation of one or more of these processes can promote excess hepatic lipid accumulation, ultimately leading to systemic metabolic dysfunction. Angiopoietin-like-4 (ANGPTL4) is a secretory protein that inhibits lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and modulates triacylglycerol (TAG) homeostasis. To understand the role of ANGPTL4 in liver lipid metabolism under normal and high-fat fed conditions, we generated hepatocyte specific Angptl4 mutant mice (Hmut). Using metabolic turnover studies, we demonstrate that hepatic Angptl4 deficiency facilitates catabolism of TAG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) remnants in the liver via increased hepatic lipase (HL) activity, which results in a significant reduction in circulating TAG and cholesterol levels. Consequently, depletion of hepatocyte Angptl4 protects against diet-induce obesity, glucose intolerance, liver steatosis, and atherogenesis. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that loss of Angptl4 in hepatocytes promotes FA uptake which results in increased FA oxidation, ROS production, and AMPK activation. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of a targeted pharmacologic therapy that specifically inhibits Angptl4 gene expression in the liver and protects against diet-induced obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and liver damage, which likely occurs via increased HL activity. Notably, this novel inhibition strategy does not cause any of the deleterious effects previously observed with neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek K. Singh
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Balkrishna Chaube
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Jonathan Sun
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Kathryn M. Citrin
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alberto Canfrán-Duque
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Binod Aryal
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Luis Varela
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Richard G. Lee
- Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Nathan L. Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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344
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Zhong H, Abdullah, Deng L, Zhao M, Tang J, Liu T, Zhang H, Feng F. Probiotic-fermented blueberry juice prevents obesity and hyperglycemia in high fat diet-fed mice in association with modulating the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2021; 11:9192-9207. [PMID: 33030465 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00334d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Blueberry dietary interventions have demonstrated remarkable potential against obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the effects of fermented blueberry juice on metabolic syndrome, the gut microbiota, and insulin resistance have not yet been reported. This study aimed to investigate the potential of fermented blueberry juice against obesity, hyperglycemia, and gut microbiota dysbiosis in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Our study findings revealed that supplementation with fresh blueberry juice (BBJ), and fermented blueberry juice with homemade probiotic starter (FBJ) or commercial starter (CFBJ) significantly decreased fat accumulation and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in HFD-fed mice. FBJ showed relatively more potency to reduce body weight than BBJ and CFBJ. The percentage increase in the body weight of the FBJ group was almost the same as that in the normal chow diet (NCD) group, and was approximately 10% lower than the BBJ and CFBJ groups. Overall, all blueberry juices significantly ameliorated hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, the dietary interventions with BBJ, FBJ, and CFBJ for 17 weeks significantly improved the community richness and diversity of the gut microflora along with an altered structure in the HFD-fed mice group. The FBJ treated mice group showed relatively low abundance of Firmicutes, obesity-related bacteria (Oscillibacter and Alistipes), and high abundance of lean bacteria (Akkermansia, Barnesiella, Olsenella, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus) compared to the HFD-fed mice group. Furthermore, BBJ and FBJ treatments regulated the liver mRNA and protein expression levels involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. This study inferred that fermented blueberry juice could be used as a functional food to prevent the modern pandemics i.e., obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhong
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. and Ningbo Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Abdullah
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lingli Deng
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Minjie Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. and Ningbo Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jun Tang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. and Ningbo Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. and Ningbo Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. and Ningbo Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Fengqin Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. and Ningbo Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
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Meligi NM, Dyab AKF, Paunov VN. Sustained In Vitro and In Vivo Delivery of Metformin from Plant Pollen-Derived Composite Microcapsules. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1048. [PMID: 34371742 PMCID: PMC8309045 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a dual microencapsulation platform for the type 2 diabetes drug metformin (MTF), which is aimed to increase its bioavailability. We report the use of Lycopodium clavatum sporopollenin (LCS), derived from their natural spores, and raw Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm) pollens (DPP) for MTF microencapsulation. MTF was loaded into LCS and DPP via a vacuum and a novel method of hydration-induced swelling. The loading capacity (LC) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) percentages for MTF-loaded LCS and MTF-loaded DPP microcapsules were 14.9% ± 0.7, 29.8 ± 0.8, and 15.2% ± 0.7, 30.3 ± 1.0, respectively. The release of MTF from MTF-loaded LCS microcapsules was additionally controlled by re-encapsulating the loaded microcapsules into calcium alginate (ALG) microbeads via ionotropic gelation, where the release of MTF was found to be significantly slower and pH-dependent. The pharmacokinetic parameters, obtained from the in vivo study, revealed that the relative bioavailability of the MTF-loaded LCS-ALG beads was 1.215 times higher compared to pure MTF, following oral administration of a single dose equivalent to 25 mg/kg body weight MTF to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats. Significant hypoglycemic effect was obtained for STZ-induced diabetic rats orally treated with MTF-loaded LCS-ALG beads compared to control diabetic rats. Over a period of 29 days, the STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with MTF-loaded LCS-ALG beads showed a decrease in the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, as well as an increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and a recovery in the oxidative stress biomarker, lipid peroxidation (LPx). In addition, histopathological studies of liver, pancreas, kidney, and testes suggested that MTF-loaded LCS-ALG beads improved the degenerative changes in organs of diabetic rats. The LCS-ALG platform for dual encapsulation of MTF achieved sustained MTF delivery and enhancement of bioavailability, as well as the improved biochemical and histopathological characteristics in in vivo studies, opening many other intriguing applications in sustained drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M. Meligi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt;
| | - Amro K. F. Dyab
- Colloids & Advanced Materials Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt;
| | - Vesselin N. Paunov
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nursultan 010000, Kazakhstan
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346
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Duan X, Zhang X, Chen J, Xiao M, Zhao W, Liu S, Sui G. Association of PM 2.5 with Insulin Resistance Signaling Pathways on a Microfluidic Liver-Kidney Microphysiological System (LK-MPS) Device. Anal Chem 2021; 93:9835-9844. [PMID: 34232631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a typical sign of metabolic dysregulation caused by fine particulate matter (PM2.5), but the underlying signaling has not been clearly determined. Herein, a microfluidic liver-kidney microphysiological system (LK-MPS) is presented to assess the signaling pathways of IR generated by PM2.5 at 200 μg/mL for 24 h. The LK-MPS device consisted of a biomimetic liver-kidney architecture and reconstructed two circulation paths: the liver metabolism-kidney excretion (LM-KE) and kidney excretion-liver metabolism (KE-LM), by which PM2.5 is feasibly distributed in the two organs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that PM2.5 can embed in the cytoplasm and nuclei, undergo transport by vesicles, and lead to the destruction of mitochondria. Further comprehensive immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and untargeted metabolomic analyses confirmed that PM2.5 disturbed the classic IRS-1/AKT signaling pathway (INSR, IRS-1, PI3K, AKT, GLUT2, GLUT4, and FOXO1 downregulated) and IR-related metabolic pathways: UDP-hexosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), gluconeogenesis (β-d-glucose 6-phosphate), and lipid biosynthesis (ceramide (Cer) and triacylglycerol (TG)) pathways, leading to the disorder of glucose levels. Collectively, these disorders aggravate hepatic and renal IR. Pearson's correlation coefficient test showed that elemental carbon (EC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and metals (Ca, Co, and V) were negatively correlated to the dysregulated proteins (INSR, IRS-1, AKT, FOXO1, GLUT2, and GLUT4). These findings may partially explain IR-related signaling pathways triggered by PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Duan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xinlian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Wang Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Sixiu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Sui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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Yusuf BO, Yakubu MT, Akanji MA. Chromatographic fractions from Chrysophyllum albidum stem bark boost antioxidant enzyme activity and ameliorate some markers of diabetes complications. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:336-342. [PMID: 34195028 PMCID: PMC8240109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Diabetes, with hyperglycaemia as hallmark, is a global crisis that reduces the antioxidant status and produces complications when poorly managed. The development of complications can be indicated by inflammation, lipid peroxidation and the accumulation of glycation adducts. Thus, the attenuation of hyperglycaemia and boosting of antioxidants status is key in ameliorating markers of diabetes complications. This work evaluated the potency of Chrysophyllum albidum stem bark on some markers of diabetes complications. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE A total of 100 female rats (180.80 ± 8.50 g) were assigned into ten groups of ten animals each; control received 1.0 ml of distilled water while those in groups DC, RD, F1, F3, F4, F5, F7, F9, F10 were induced into diabetes by intraperitoneal administration of 120 mg/kg body weight of alloxan and were orally administered distilled water, glibenclamide, 2.5 mg/kg of the chromatographic fractions 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, and 10 respectively, once daily for 14 days. F7 was profiled for its bioactive constituents and the pancreas histology of the rats were examined. RESULTS Chromatographic fractions F5 and F7 significantly decreased fasting blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, C-reactive protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, atherogenic index, malondialdehyde while insulin, high density lipoprotein, catalase, superoxide dismutase activities significantly increased. Fraction F7 revealed eight compounds and restored the distorted pancreas. CONCLUSION Fraction F7 ameliorated the markers of diabetes complications considered in this study better than F5, restored the compromised pancreas and can be explored as lead candidate for production of drug for the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babalola Ola Yusuf
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Nigeria
| | - Musa Toyin Yakubu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Nigeria
| | - Musbau Adewumi Akanji
- Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Nigeria
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Abstract
Altered metabolic activity contributes to the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including diabetes, heart failure, cancer, fibrosis and neurodegeneration. These diseases, and organismal metabolism more generally, are only partially recapitulated by cell culture models. Accordingly, it is important to measure metabolism in vivo. Over the past century, researchers studying glucose homeostasis have developed strategies for the measurement of tissue-specific and whole-body metabolic activity (pathway fluxes). The power of these strategies has been augmented by recent advances in metabolomics technologies. Here, we review techniques for measuring metabolic fluxes in intact mammals and discuss how to analyse and interpret the results. In tandem, we describe important findings from these techniques, and suggest promising avenues for their future application. Given the broad importance of metabolism to health and disease, more widespread application of these methods holds the potential to accelerate biomedical progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline R Bartman
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Tara TeSlaa
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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349
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Gong X, Xiong L, Bi C, Zhang B. Diosmetin ameliorate type 2 diabetic mellitus by up-regulating Corynebacterium glutamicum to regulate IRS/PI3K/AKT-mediated glucose metabolism disorder in KK-Ay mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:153582. [PMID: 34091150 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diosmetin (Dios), a flavonoid compound with multiple pharmacological activities. However, fewer studies have reported its effects on type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM). Here, we address the effect of Dios on glucose metabolism and gut microbiota in KK-Ay diabetic mice. METHOD Wild type C57BL/6 J mice or diabetic KK-Ay mice were treated with vehicle or Dios for one month. The ELISA kit and fluorescence microscope system were respectively employed to the evaluation of serum biochemical indicators and histopathological changes. Liver RNA-Seq and western blot were used to reveal the key signaling pathway. The effects of Dios on gut microbiota was investigated by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing, as well as the relationship between Dios and C. glu on glucose metabolism was explored with the C. glu transplantation. RESULTS Dios treatment significantly decreased blood glucose and increased serum insulin concentrations. RNA-Seq analysis found that the underlying action mechanism of Dios on T2DM was via modulating glucose metabolism, which was proved by up-regulating IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to promote glycogen synthesis and GLUT4 translocation. Besides, Dios treatment reshaped the unbalanced gut microbiota by suppressing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and markedly increasing the richness of C. glu. Moreover, treatment with C. glu and Dios together could markedly ameliorate glucose metabolism by up-regulating IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to promote glycogen synthesis and GLUT4 translocation. CONCLUSIONS Dios treatment remarkably ameliorated glucose metabolism in KK-Ay diabetic mice by the regulation of C. glu via IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and reshaped the unbalanced gut microbiota. Our study provided evidence for the application of Dios to the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobao Gong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Caihong Bi
- Service Center for Technology Extension of Linyi Fruit and Tea, Linyi 276000, PR China
| | - Baoshun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, PR China.
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350
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Nerve influence on the metabolism of type I and type II diabetic corneal stroma: an in vitro study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13627. [PMID: 34211074 PMCID: PMC8249404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal innervation plays a major role in the pathobiology of diabetic corneal disease. However, innervation impact has mainly been investigated in the context of diabetic epitheliopathy and wound healing. Further studies are warranted in the corneal stroma-nerve interactions. This study unravels the nerve influence on corneal stroma metabolism. Corneal stromal cells were isolated from healthy (HCFs) and diabetes mellitus (Type1DM and Type2 DM) donors. Cells were cultured on polycarbonate membranes, stimulated by stable Vitamin C, and stroma-only and stroma-nerve co-cultures were investigated for metabolic alterations. Innervated compared to stroma-only constructs exhibited significant alterations in pyrimidine, glycerol phosphate shuttle, electron transport chain and glycolysis. The most highly altered metabolites between healthy and T1DMs innervated were phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis, and pyrimidine, methionine, aspartate metabolism. Healthy and T2DMs main pathways included aspartate, glycerol phosphate shuttle, electron transport chain, and gluconeogenesis. The metabolic impact on T1DMs and T2DMs was pyrimidine, purine, aspartate, and methionine. Interestingly, the glucose-6-phosphate and oxaloacetate was higher in T2DMs compared to T1DMs. Our in vitro co-culture model allows the examination of key metabolic pathways corresponding to corneal innervation in the diabetic stroma. These novel findings can pave the way for future studies to fully understand the metabolic distinctions in the diabetic cornea.
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