1
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Thorens B. Neuronal glucose sensing mechanisms and circuits in the control of insulin and glucagon secretion. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1461-1486. [PMID: 38661565 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is mainly under the control of the pancreatic islet hormones insulin and glucagon, which, respectively, stimulate glucose uptake and utilization by liver, fat, and muscle and glucose production by the liver. The balance between the secretions of these hormones is under the control of blood glucose concentrations. Indeed, pancreatic islet β-cells and α-cells can sense variations in glycemia and respond by an appropriate secretory response. However, the secretory activity of these cells is also under multiple additional metabolic, hormonal, and neuronal signals that combine to ensure the perfect control of glycemia over a lifetime. The central nervous system (CNS), which has an almost absolute requirement for glucose as a source of metabolic energy and thus a vital interest in ensuring that glycemic levels never fall below ∼5 mM, is equipped with populations of neurons responsive to changes in glucose concentrations. These neurons control pancreatic islet cell secretion activity in multiple ways: through both branches of the autonomic nervous system, through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and by secreting vasopressin (AVP) in the blood at the level of the posterior pituitary. Here, we present the autonomic innervation of the pancreatic islets; the mechanisms of neuron activation by a rise or a fall in glucose concentration; how current viral tracing, chemogenetic, and optogenetic techniques allow integration of specific glucose sensing neurons in defined neuronal circuits that control endocrine pancreas function; and, finally, how genetic screens in mice can untangle the diversity of the hypothalamic mechanisms controlling the response to hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Montaner M, Denom J, Simon V, Jiang W, Holt MK, Brierley DI, Rouch C, Foppen E, Kassis N, Jarriault D, Khan D, Eygret L, Mifsud F, Hodson DJ, Broichhagen J, Van Oudenhove L, Fioramonti X, Gault V, Cota D, Reimann F, Gribble FM, Migrenne-Li S, Trapp S, Gurden H, Magnan C. A neuronal circuit driven by GLP-1 in the olfactory bulb regulates insulin secretion. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6941. [PMID: 39138162 PMCID: PMC11322178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) stimulates insulin secretion and holds significant pharmacological potential. Nevertheless, the regulation of energy homeostasis by centrally-produced GLP-1 remains partially understood. Preproglucagon cells, known to release GLP-1, are found in the olfactory bulb (OB). We show that activating GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) in the OB stimulates insulin secretion in response to oral glucose in lean and diet-induced obese male mice. This is associated with reduced noradrenaline content in the pancreas and blocked by an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, implicating functional involvement of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Inhibiting GABAA receptors in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), the control centre of the SNS, abolishes the enhancing effect on insulin secretion induced by OB GLP-1R. Therefore, OB GLP-1-dependent regulation of insulin secretion relies on a relay within the PVN. This study provides evidence that OB GLP-1 signalling engages a top-down neural mechanism to control insulin secretion via the SNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Montaner
- Université Paris Cité, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Denom
- Université Paris Cité, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Simon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Wanqing Jiang
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Marie K Holt
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, UCL, London, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Daniel I Brierley
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Claude Rouch
- Université Paris Cité, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nadim Kassis
- Université Paris Cité, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - David Jarriault
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dawood Khan
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Louise Eygret
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Francois Mifsud
- Université Paris Cité, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - David J Hodson
- University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Oxford, UK
| | | | - Lukas Van Oudenhove
- Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies (LaBGAS), Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xavier Fioramonti
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Victor Gault
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Daniela Cota
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frank Reimann
- Institute of Metabolic Science & MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Institute of Metabolic Science & MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephanie Migrenne-Li
- Université Paris Cité, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Stefan Trapp
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, UCL, London, UK.
| | - Hirac Gurden
- Université Paris Cité, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Paris, France.
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Université Paris Cité, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Paris, France.
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3
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Turner RT, Branscum AJ, Iwaniec UT. Long-duration leptin transgene expression in dorsal vagal complex does not alter bone parameters in female Sprague Dawley rats. Bone Rep 2024; 21:101769. [PMID: 38706522 PMCID: PMC11067478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus and dorsal vagal complex (DVC) are both important for integration of signals that regulate energy balance. Increased leptin transgene expression in either the hypothalamus or DVC of female rats was shown to decrease white adipose tissue and circulating levels of leptin and adiponectin. However, in contrast to hypothalamus, leptin transgene expression in the DVC had no effect on food intake, circulating insulin, ghrelin and glucose, nor on thermogenic energy expenditure. These findings imply different roles for hypothalamus and DVC in leptin signaling. Leptin signaling is required for normal bone accrual and turnover. Leptin transgene expression in the hypothalamus normalized the skeletal phenotype of leptin-deficient ob/ob mice but had no long-duration (≥10 weeks) effects on the skeleton of leptin-replete rats. The goal of this investigation was to determine the long-duration effects of leptin transgene expression in the DVC on the skeleton of leptin-replete rats. To accomplish this goal, we analyzed bone from three-month-old female rats that were microinjected with recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding either rat leptin (rAAV-Leptin, n = 6) or green fluorescent protein (rAAV-GFP, control, n = 5) gene. Representative bones from the appendicular (femur) and axial (3rd lumbar vertebra) skeleton were evaluated following 10 weeks of treatment. Selectively increasing leptin transgene expression in the DVC had no effect on femur cortical or cancellous bone microarchitecture. Additionally, increasing leptin transgene expression had no effect on vertebral osteoblast-lined or osteoclast-lined bone perimeter or marrow adiposity. Taken together, the findings suggest that activation of leptin receptors in the DVC has minimal specific effects on the skeleton of leptin-replete female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell T. Turner
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Adam J. Branscum
- Biostatistics Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Urszula T. Iwaniec
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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4
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Speksnijder EM, Bisschop PH, Siegelaar SE, Stenvers DJ, Kalsbeek A. Circadian desynchrony and glucose metabolism. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12956. [PMID: 38695262 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The circadian timing system controls glucose metabolism in a time-of-day dependent manner. In mammals, the circadian timing system consists of the main central clock in the bilateral suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus and subordinate clocks in peripheral tissues. The oscillations produced by these different clocks with a period of approximately 24-h are generated by the transcriptional-translational feedback loops of a set of core clock genes. Glucose homeostasis is one of the daily rhythms controlled by this circadian timing system. The central pacemaker in the SCN controls glucose homeostasis through its neural projections to hypothalamic hubs that are in control of feeding behavior and energy metabolism. Using hormones such as adrenal glucocorticoids and melatonin and the autonomic nervous system, the SCN modulates critical processes such as glucose production and insulin sensitivity. Peripheral clocks in tissues, such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue serve to enhance and sustain these SCN signals. In the optimal situation all these clocks are synchronized and aligned with behavior and the environmental light/dark cycle. A negative impact on glucose metabolism becomes apparent when the internal timing system becomes disturbed, also known as circadian desynchrony or circadian misalignment. Circadian desynchrony may occur at several levels, as the mistiming of light exposure or sleep will especially affect the central clock, whereas mistiming of food intake or physical activity will especially involve the peripheral clocks. In this review, we will summarize the literature investigating the impact of circadian desynchrony on glucose metabolism and how it may result in the development of insulin resistance. In addition, we will discuss potential strategies aimed at reinstating circadian synchrony to improve insulin sensitivity and contribute to the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M Speksnijder
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H Bisschop
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah E Siegelaar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Jan Stenvers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Ren W, Hua M, Cao F, Zeng W. The Sympathetic-Immune Milieu in Metabolic Health and Diseases: Insights from Pancreas, Liver, Intestine, and Adipose Tissues. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306128. [PMID: 38039489 PMCID: PMC10885671 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Sympathetic innervation plays a crucial role in maintaining energy balance and contributes to metabolic pathophysiology. Recent evidence has begun to uncover the innervation landscape of sympathetic projections and sheds light on their important functions in metabolic activities. Additionally, the immune system has long been studied for its essential roles in metabolic health and diseases. In this review, the aim is to provide an overview of the current research progress on the sympathetic regulation of key metabolic organs, including the pancreas, liver, intestine, and adipose tissues. In particular, efforts are made to highlight the critical roles of the peripheral nervous system and its potential interplay with immune components. Overall, it is hoped to underscore the importance of studying metabolic organs from a comprehensive and interconnected perspective, which will provide valuable insights into the complex mechanisms underlying metabolic regulation and may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenran Ren
- Institute for Immunology and School of MedicineTsinghua Universityand Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesBeijing100084China
| | - Meng Hua
- Institute for Immunology and School of MedicineTsinghua Universityand Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesBeijing100084China
| | - Fang Cao
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhou563000China
| | - Wenwen Zeng
- Institute for Immunology and School of MedicineTsinghua Universityand Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesBeijing100084China
- SXMU‐Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier MedicineTaiyuan030001China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic DiseasesBeijing100084China
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6
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Diepenbroek C, Rijnsburger M, van Irsen AAS, Eggels L, Kisner A, Foppen E, Unmehopa UA, Berland C, Dólleman S, Hardonk M, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Faust RP, Wenning R, Maya-Monteiro CM, Kalsbeek A, Aponte Y, Luquet S, Serlie MJM, la Fleur SE. Dopamine in the nucleus accumbens shell controls systemic glucose metabolism via the lateral hypothalamus and hepatic vagal innervation in rodents. Metabolism 2024; 150:155696. [PMID: 37804881 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence demonstrates the role of the striatal dopamine system in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Treatment with dopamine antagonists is associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, while dopamine agonists are used in treatment of type 2 diabetes. The mechanism underlying striatal dopamine effects in glucose metabolism, however is not fully understood. Here, we provide mechanistic insights into the role of nucleus accumbens shell (sNAc) dopaminergic signaling in systemic glucose metabolism. METHODS Endogenous glucose production (EGP), blood glucose and mRNA expression in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) in male Wistar rats were measured following infusion of vanoxerine (VNX, dopamine reuptake inhibitor) in the sNAc. Thereafter, we analyzed projections from sNAc Drd1-expressing neurons to LHA using D1-Cre male Long-Evans rats, Cre-dependent viral tracers and fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Brain slice electrophysiology in adult mice was used to study spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents of sNAc Drd1-expressing neurons following VNX application. Finally, we assessed whether GABAergic LHA activity and hepatic vagal innervation were required for the effect of sNAc-VNX on glucose metabolism by combining infusion of sNAc-VNX with LHA-bicuculline, performing vagal recordings and combining infusion of sNAc-VNX with hepatic vagal denervation. RESULTS VNX infusion in the sNAc strongly decreased endogenous glucose production, prevented glucose increases over time, reduced Slc17A6 and Hcrt mRNA in LHA, and increased vagal activity. Furthermore, sNAc Drd1-expressing neurons increased spontaneous firing following VNX application, and viral tracing of sNAc Drd1-expressing neurons revealed direct projections to LHA with on average 67 % of orexin cells directly targeted by sNAc Drd1-expressing neurons. Importantly, the sNAc-VNX-induced effect on glucose metabolism was dependent on GABAergic signaling in the LHA and on intact hepatic vagal innervation. CONCLUSIONS We show that sNAc dopaminergic signaling modulates hepatic glucose metabolism through GABAergic inputs to glutamatergic LHA cells and hepatic vagal innervation. This demonstrates that striatal control of glucose metabolism involves a dopaminergic sNAc-LHA-liver axis and provides a potential explanation for the effects of dopamine agonists and antagonists on glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Diepenbroek
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merel Rijnsburger
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid A S van Irsen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leslie Eggels
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Kisner
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Unit, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Unga A Unmehopa
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chloé Berland
- Université Paris Cité, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Dólleman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marene Hardonk
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rudolf P Faust
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, UvA, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Wenning
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Clarissa M Maya-Monteiro
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yeka Aponte
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Unit, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Serge Luquet
- Université Paris Cité, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Mireille J M Serlie
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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7
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Nagai M, Tomitani N, Kario K. Social jet lag and morning blood pressure surge-central nervous system matters? Hypertens Res 2023; 46:2762-2765. [PMID: 37845398 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michiaki Nagai
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Naoko Tomitani
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuomi Kario
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
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8
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Ikeda H, Mikami R, Yonemochi N, Waddington JL. Regulation of plasma glucose levels by central dopamine D 2 receptors is impaired in type 1 but not type 2 diabetic mouse models. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175984. [PMID: 37567458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is reported to be regulated by the central nervous system, but it is unclear whether this regulation is altered in diabetes. We investigated whether regulation of glucose metabolism by central dopamine D2 receptors is altered in type 1 and type 2 diabetic models. Intracerebroventricular injections of both the dopamine D2 receptor agonist quinpirole and the antagonist l-sulpiride induced hyperglycemia in control mice, but not in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, a type 1 diabetic model. Hyperglycemia induced by quinpirole or l-sulpiride was diminished following fasting and these drugs did not affect hyperglycemia in the pyruvate tolerance test. In addition, both quinpirole and l-sulpiride increased hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) mRNA. In STZ-induced diabetic mice, dopamine and dopamine D2 receptor mRNA in the hypothalamus, which regulates glucose homeostasis, were decreased. Hepatic glycogen and G6Pase mRNA were also decreased in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Neither quinpirole nor l-sulpiride increased hepatic G6Pase mRNA in STZ-induced diabetic mice. In diet-induced obesity mice, a type 2 diabetic model, both quinpirole and l-sulpiride induced hyperglycemia, and hypothalamic dopamine and dopamine D2 receptor mRNA were not altered. These results indicate that (i) stimulation or blockade of dopamine D2 receptors causes hyperglycemia by increasing hepatic glycogenolysis, and (ii) stimulation or blockade of dopamine D2 receptors does not affect glucose levels in type 1 but does so in type 2 diabetic models. Moreover, hypothalamic dopaminergic function and hepatic glycogenolysis are decreased in the type 1 diabetic model, which reduces hyperglycemia induced by stimulation or blockade of dopamine D2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Ikeda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Risa Mikami
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Naomi Yonemochi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - John L Waddington
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 111 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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9
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Cincotta AH. Brain Dopamine-Clock Interactions Regulate Cardiometabolic Physiology: Mechanisms of the Observed Cardioprotective Effects of Circadian-Timed Bromocriptine-QR Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13255. [PMID: 37686060 PMCID: PMC10487918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite enormous global efforts within clinical research and medical practice to reduce cardiovascular disease(s) (CVD), it still remains the leading cause of death worldwide. While genetic factors clearly contribute to CVD etiology, the preponderance of epidemiological data indicate that a major common denominator among diverse ethnic populations from around the world contributing to CVD is the composite of Western lifestyle cofactors, particularly Western diets (high saturated fat/simple sugar [particularly high fructose and sucrose and to a lesser extent glucose] diets), psychosocial stress, depression, and altered sleep/wake architecture. Such Western lifestyle cofactors are potent drivers for the increased risk of metabolic syndrome and its attendant downstream CVD. The central nervous system (CNS) evolved to respond to and anticipate changes in the external (and internal) environment to adapt survival mechanisms to perceived stresses (challenges to normal biological function), including the aforementioned Western lifestyle cofactors. Within the CNS of vertebrates in the wild, the biological clock circuitry surveils the environment and has evolved mechanisms for the induction of the obese, insulin-resistant state as a survival mechanism against an anticipated ensuing season of low/no food availability. The peripheral tissues utilize fat as an energy source under muscle insulin resistance, while increased hepatic insulin resistance more readily supplies glucose to the brain. This neural clock function also orchestrates the reversal of the obese, insulin-resistant condition when the low food availability season ends. The circadian neural network that produces these seasonal shifts in metabolism is also responsive to Western lifestyle stressors that drive the CNS clock into survival mode. A major component of this natural or Western lifestyle stressor-induced CNS clock neurophysiological shift potentiating the obese, insulin-resistant state is a diminution of the circadian peak of dopaminergic input activity to the pacemaker clock center, suprachiasmatic nucleus. Pharmacologically preventing this loss of circadian peak dopaminergic activity both prevents and reverses existing metabolic syndrome in a wide variety of animal models of the disorder, including high fat-fed animals. Clinically, across a variety of different study designs, circadian-timed bromocriptine-QR (quick release) (a unique formulation of micronized bromocriptine-a dopamine D2 receptor agonist) therapy of type 2 diabetes subjects improved hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, immune sterile inflammation, and/or adverse cardiovascular event rate. The present review details the seminal circadian science investigations delineating important roles for CNS circadian peak dopaminergic activity in the regulation of peripheral fuel metabolism and cardiovascular biology and also summarizes the clinical study findings of bromocriptine-QR therapy on cardiometabolic outcomes in type 2 diabetes subjects.
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10
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Thompson DA, Tsaava T, Rishi A, Nadella S, Mishra L, Tuveson DA, Pavlov VA, Brines M, Tracey KJ, Chavan SS. Optogenetic stimulation of the brainstem dorsal motor nucleus ameliorates acute pancreatitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166212. [PMID: 37180135 PMCID: PMC10167283 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammation is an inherently self-amplifying process, resulting in progressive tissue damage when unresolved. A brake on this positive feedback system is provided by the nervous system which has evolved to detect inflammatory signals and respond by activating anti-inflammatory processes, including the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway mediated by the vagus nerve. Acute pancreatitis, a common and serious condition without effective therapy, develops when acinar cell injury activates intrapancreatic inflammation. Prior study has shown that electrical stimulation of the carotid sheath, which contains the vagus nerve, boosts the endogenous anti-inflammatory response and ameliorates acute pancreatitis, but it remains unknown whether these anti-inflammatory signals originate in the brain. Methods Here, we used optogenetics to selectively activate efferent vagus nerve fibers originating in the brainstem dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN) and evaluated the effects on caerulein-induced pancreatitis. Results Stimulation of the cholinergic neurons in the DMN significantly attenuates the severity of pancreatitis as indicated by reduced serum amylase, pancreatic cytokines, tissue damage, and edema. Either vagotomy or silencing cholinergic nicotinic receptor signaling by pre-administration of the antagonist mecamylamine abolishes the beneficial effects. Discussion These results provide the first evidence that efferent vagus cholinergic neurons residing in the brainstem DMN can inhibit pancreatic inflammation and implicate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway as a potential therapeutic target for acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane A. Thompson
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Surgery, Northshore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Tea Tsaava
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Arvind Rishi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Sandeep Nadella
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States
| | - Lopa Mishra
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States
| | - David A. Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States
| | - Valentin A. Pavlov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Michael Brines
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Sangeeta S. Chavan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
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Abstract
The recently uncovered key role of the peripheral and central nervous systems in controlling tumorigenesis and metastasis has opened a new area of research to identify innovative approaches against cancer. Although the 'neural addiction' of cancer is only partially understood, in this Perspective we discuss the current knowledge and perspectives on peripheral and central nerve circuitries and brain areas that can support tumorigenesis and metastasis and the possible reciprocal influence that the brain and peripheral tumours exert on one another. Tumours can build up local autonomic and sensory nerve networks and are able to develop a long-distance relationship with the brain through circulating adipokines, inflammatory cytokines, neurotrophic factors or afferent nerve inputs, to promote cancer initiation, growth and dissemination. In turn, the central nervous system can affect tumour development and metastasis through the activation or dysregulation of specific central neural areas or circuits, as well as neuroendocrine, neuroimmune or neurovascular systems. Studying neural circuitries in the brain and tumours, as well as understanding how the brain communicates with the tumour or how intratumour nerves interplay with the tumour microenvironment, can reveal unrecognized mechanisms that promote cancer development and progression and open up opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Targeting the dysregulated peripheral and central nervous systems might represent a novel strategy for next-generation cancer treatment that could, in part, be achieved through the repurposing of neuropsychiatric drugs in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Magnon
- Laboratory of Cancer and Microenvironment-National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Institute of Biology François Jacob-Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), University of Paris Cité, University of Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.
| | - Hubert Hondermarck
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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12
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Langhans W, Watts AG, Spector AC. The elusive cephalic phase insulin response: triggers, mechanisms, and functions. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1423-1485. [PMID: 36422994 PMCID: PMC9942918 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cephalic phase insulin response (CPIR) is classically defined as a head receptor-induced early release of insulin during eating that precedes a postabsorptive rise in blood glucose. Here we discuss, first, the various stimuli that elicit the CPIR and the sensory signaling pathways (sensory limb) involved; second, the efferent pathways that control the various endocrine events associated with eating (motor limb); and third, what is known about the central integrative processes linking the sensory and motor limbs. Fourth, in doing so, we identify open questions and problems with respect to the CPIR in general. Specifically, we consider test conditions that allow, or may not allow, the stimulus to reach the potentially relevant taste receptors and to trigger a CPIR. The possible significance of sweetness and palatability as crucial stimulus features and whether conditioning plays a role in the CPIR are also discussed. Moreover, we ponder the utility of the strict classical CPIR definition based on what is known about the effects of vagal motor neuron activation and thereby acetylcholine on the β-cells, together with the difficulties of the accurate assessment of insulin release. Finally, we weigh the evidence of the physiological and clinical relevance of the cephalic contribution to the release of insulin that occurs during and after a meal. These points are critical for the interpretation of the existing data, and they support a sharper focus on the role of head receptors in the overall insulin response to eating rather than relying solely on the classical CPIR definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Alan G Watts
- Department of Biological Sciences, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alan C Spector
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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13
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Martinez-Sanchez N, Sweeney O, Sidarta-Oliveira D, Caron A, Stanley SA, Domingos AI. The sympathetic nervous system in the 21st century: Neuroimmune interactions in metabolic homeostasis and obesity. Neuron 2022; 110:3597-3626. [PMID: 36327900 PMCID: PMC9986959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system maintains metabolic homeostasis by orchestrating the activity of organs such as the pancreas, liver, and white and brown adipose tissues. From the first renderings by Thomas Willis to contemporary techniques for visualization, tracing, and functional probing of axonal arborizations within organs, our understanding of the sympathetic nervous system has started to grow beyond classical models. In the present review, we outline the evolution of these findings and provide updated neuroanatomical maps of sympathetic innervation. We offer an autonomic framework for the neuroendocrine loop of leptin action, and we discuss the role of immune cells in regulating sympathetic terminals and metabolism. We highlight potential anti-obesity therapeutic approaches that emerge from the modern appreciation of SNS as a neural network vis a vis the historical fear of sympathomimetic pharmacology, while shifting focus from post- to pre-synaptic targeting. Finally, we critically appraise the field and where it needs to go.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Owen Sweeney
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Davi Sidarta-Oliveira
- Physician-Scientist Graduate Program, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sarah A Stanley
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ana I Domingos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.
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14
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Jia X, Chen S, Li X, Tao S, Lai J, Liu H, Huang K, Tian Y, Wei P, Yang F, Lu Z, Chen Z, Liu XA, Xu F, Wang L. Divergent neurocircuitry dissociates two components of the stress response: glucose mobilization and anxiety-like behavior. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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15
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Hampton RF, Jimenez-Gonzalez M, Stanley SA. Unravelling innervation of pancreatic islets. Diabetologia 2022; 65:1069-1084. [PMID: 35348820 PMCID: PMC9205575 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05691-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The central and peripheral nervous systems play critical roles in regulating pancreatic islet function and glucose metabolism. Over the last century, in vitro and in vivo studies along with examination of human pancreas samples have revealed the structure of islet innervation, investigated the contribution of sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory neural pathways to glucose control, and begun to determine how the structure and function of pancreatic nerves are disrupted in metabolic disease. Now, state-of-the art techniques such as 3D imaging of pancreatic innervation and targeted in vivo neuromodulation provide further insights into the anatomy and physiological roles of islet innervation. Here, we provide a summary of the published work on the anatomy of pancreatic islet innervation, its roles, and evidence for disordered islet innervation in metabolic disease. Finally, we discuss the possibilities offered by new technologies to increase our knowledge of islet innervation and its contributions to metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rollie F Hampton
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Jimenez-Gonzalez
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah A Stanley
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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16
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Huang Z, Liu L, Zhang J, Conde K, Phansalkar J, Li Z, Yao L, Xu Z, Wang W, Zhou J, Bi G, Wu F, Seeley RJ, Scott MM, Zhan C, Pang ZP, Liu J. Glucose-sensing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus regulate glucose metabolism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn5345. [PMID: 35675406 PMCID: PMC9177072 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) regulates energy homeostasis via activation of the GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs) in the central nervous system. However, the mechanism by which the central GLP-1 signal controls blood glucose levels, especially in different nutrient states, remains unclear. Here, we defined a population of glucose-sensing GLP-1R neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH), by which endogenous GLP-1 decreases glucose levels via the cross-talk between the hypothalamus and pancreas. Specifically, we illustrated the sufficiency and necessity of DMHGLP-1R in glucose regulation. The activation of the DMHGLP-1R neurons is mediated by a cAMP-PKA-dependent inhibition of a delayed rectifier potassium current. We also dissected a descending control of DMHGLP-1R -dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMV)-pancreas activity that can regulate glucose levels by increasing insulin release. Thus, our results illustrate how central GLP-1 action in the DMH can induce a nutrient state-dependent reduction in blood glucose level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohuan Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology and Application, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology and Application, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Life Science School, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Kristie Conde
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Jay Phansalkar
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Zhongzhong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology and Application, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Life Science School, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Zihui Xu
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Laboratory for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Jiangning Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Life Science School, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Guoqiang Bi
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Life Science School, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Feng Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology and Application, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Randy J. Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael M. Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Life Science School, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiping P. Pang
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ji Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology and Application, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Life Science School, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
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17
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Honzlová P, Novosadová Z, Houdek P, Sládek M, Sumová A. Misaligned feeding schedule elicits divergent circadian reorganizations in endo- and exocrine pancreas clocks. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:318. [PMID: 35622158 PMCID: PMC11072313 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Misaligned feeding may lead to pancreatic insufficiency, however, whether and how it affects circadian clock in the exocrine pancreas is not known. We exposed rats to a reversed restricted feeding regimen (rRF) for 10 or 20 days and analyzed locomotor activity, daily profiles of hormone levels (insulin, glucagon, and corticosterone) in plasma, and clock gene expression in the liver and endocrine and exocrine pancreas. In addition, we monitored responses of the exocrine pancreatic clock in organotypic explants of mPer2Luc mice in real time to acetylcholine, insulin, and glucocorticoids. rRF phase-reversed the clock in the endocrine pancreas, similar to the clock in the liver, but completely abolished clock gene rhythmicity and significantly downregulated the expression of Cpb1 and Cel in the exocrine pancreas. rRF desynchronized the rhythms of plasma insulin and corticosterone. Daily profiles of their receptor expression differed in the two parts of the pancreas and responded differently to rRF. Additionally, the pancreatic exocrine clock responded differently to treatments with insulin and the glucocorticoid analog dexamethasone in vitro. Mathematical simulation confirmed that the long-term misalignment between these two hormonal signals, as occurred under rRF, may lead to dampening of the exocrine pancreatic clock. In summary, our data suggest that misaligned meals impair the clock in the exocrine part of the pancreas by uncoupling insulin and corticosterone rhythms. These findings suggest a new mechanism by which adverse dietary habits, often associated with shift work in humans, may impair the clock in the exocrine pancreas and potentially contribute to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Honzlová
- Laboratory of Biological Rhythms, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Novosadová
- Laboratory of Biological Rhythms, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Houdek
- Laboratory of Biological Rhythms, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Sládek
- Laboratory of Biological Rhythms, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Sumová
- Laboratory of Biological Rhythms, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.
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18
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Yoshihara E. Adapting Physiology in Functional Human Islet Organogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:854604. [PMID: 35557947 PMCID: PMC9086403 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.854604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation of three-dimensional (3D)-structured functional human islets is expected to be an alternative cell source for cadaveric human islet transplantation for the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), offer infinite resources for newly synthesized human islets. Recent advancements in hPSCs technology have enabled direct differentiation to human islet-like clusters, which can sense glucose and secrete insulin, and those islet clusters can ameliorate diabetes when transplanted into rodents or non-human primates (NHPs). However, the generated hPSC-derived human islet-like clusters are functionally immature compared with primary human islets. There remains a challenge to establish a technology to create fully functional human islets in vitro, which are functionally and transcriptionally indistinguishable from cadaveric human islets. Understanding the complex differentiation and maturation pathway is necessary to generate fully functional human islets for a tremendous supply of high-quality human islets with less batch-to-batch difference for millions of patients. In this review, I summarized the current progress in the generation of 3D-structured human islets from pluripotent stem cells and discussed the importance of adapting physiology for in vitro functional human islet organogenesis and possible improvements with environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Yoshihara
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States.,David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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19
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Sato T, Sassone-Corsi P. Nutrition, metabolism, and epigenetics: pathways of circadian reprogramming. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e52412. [PMID: 35412705 PMCID: PMC9066069 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Food intake profoundly affects systemic physiology. A large body of evidence has indicated a link between food intake and circadian rhythms, and ~24-h cycles are deemed essential for adapting internal homeostasis to the external environment. Circadian rhythms are controlled by the biological clock, a molecular system remarkably conserved throughout evolution. The circadian clock controls the cyclic expression of numerous genes, a regulatory program common to all mammalian cells, which may lead to various metabolic and physiological disturbances if hindered. Although the circadian clock regulates multiple metabolic pathways, metabolic states also provide feedback on the molecular clock. Therefore, a remarkable feature is reprogramming by nutritional challenges, such as a high-fat diet, fasting, ketogenic diet, and caloric restriction. In addition, various factors such as energy balance, histone modifications, and nuclear receptor activity are involved in the remodeling of the clock. Herein, we review the interaction of dietary components with the circadian system and illustrate the relationships linking the molecular clock to metabolism and critical roles in the remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Sato
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, School of Medicine, INSERM U1233, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, School of Medicine, INSERM U1233, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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20
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Hyun U, Sohn JW. Autonomic control of energy balance and glucose homeostasis. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:370-376. [PMID: 35474336 PMCID: PMC9076646 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) communicate with peripheral organs largely via the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Through such communications, the sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent divisions of the ANS may affect thermogenesis and blood glucose levels. In contrast, peripheral organs send feedback to the CNS via hormones and autonomic afferent nerves. These humoral and neural feedbacks, as well as neural commands from higher brain centers directly or indirectly shape the metabolic function of autonomic neurons. Notably, recent developments in mouse genetics have enabled more detailed studies of ANS neurons and circuits, which have helped elucidate autonomic control of metabolism. Here, we will summarize the functional organization of the ANS and discuss recent updates on the roles of neural and humoral factors in the regulation of energy balance and glucose homeostasis by the ANS. Cutting-edge techniques should be harnessed to unravel how metabolism is modulated by a key part of the body’s nervous system. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates many involuntary physiological processes, such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure. Scientists now believe that the ANS is involved in regulating metabolism, but its precise roles are unclear. Jong-Woo Sohn and Uisu Hyun at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea, reviewed understanding of how the ANS regulates energy balance, appetite, and glucose homeostasis. Recently-developed mouse models have provided insights into how ANS neurons translate neuronal and hormonal signals into commands during feeding, sending instructions to the liver, and mediating blood glucose levels. Several hormones have been identified that may act on a specific part of the ANS to influence appetite and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uisu Hyun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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21
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Papazoglou I, Lee JH, Cui Z, Li C, Fulgenzi G, Bahn YJ, Staniszewska-Goraczniak HM, Piñol RA, Hogue IB, Enquist LW, Krashes MJ, Rane SG. A distinct hypothalamus-to-β cell circuit modulates insulin secretion. Cell Metab 2022; 34:285-298.e7. [PMID: 35108515 PMCID: PMC8935365 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system has long been thought to regulate insulin secretion, an essential process in the maintenance of blood glucose levels. However, the anatomical and functional connections between the brain and insulin-producing pancreatic β cells remain undefined. Here, we describe a functional transneuronal circuit connecting the hypothalamus to β cells in mice. This circuit originates from a subpopulation of oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVNOXT), and it reaches the islets of the endocrine pancreas via the sympathetic autonomic branch to innervate β cells. Stimulation of PVNOXT neurons rapidly suppresses insulin secretion and causes hyperglycemia. Conversely, silencing of these neurons elevates insulin levels by dysregulating neuronal signaling and secretory pathways in β cells and induces hypoglycemia. PVNOXT neuronal activity is triggered by glucoprivation. Our findings reveal that a subset of PVNOXT neurons form functional multisynaptic circuits with β cells in mice to regulate insulin secretion, and their function is necessary for the β cell response to hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Papazoglou
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ji-Hyeon Lee
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhenzhong Cui
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chia Li
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gianluca Fulgenzi
- Neural Development Section, MCGP, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA; Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Young Jae Bahn
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Ramón A Piñol
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ian B Hogue
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Lynn W Enquist
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Michael J Krashes
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sushil G Rane
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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22
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Caba M, Meza E, Escobar C, Jiménez A, Caba-Flores MD, Moreno-Cortés ML, Melo AI. Oxytocinergic cells of the posterior hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus participate in the food entrained clock. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19957. [PMID: 34620909 PMCID: PMC8497610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying food anticipatory activity are still poorly understood. Here we explored the role of oxytocin (OT) and the protein c-Fos in the supraoptic nucleus (SON), medial (PVNm) and posterior (PVNp) regions of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. Adult rats were assigned to one of four groups: scheduled restricted feeding (RF), ad libitum (AL), fasting after restricted feeding (RF-F), to explore the possible persistence of oscillations, or ad libitum fasted (AL-F). In the SON and in the PVNm, OT cells were c-Fos positive after food intake; in contrast, OT cells in the PVNp showed c-Fos activation in anticipation to food access, which persisted in RF-F subjects. We conclude that OT and non-OT cells of the SON and PVNm may play a role as recipients of the entraining signal provided by food intake, whereas those of the PVNp which contain motor preautonomic cells that project to peripheral organs, may be involved in the hormonal and metabolic anticipatory changes in preparation for food presentation and thus, may be part of a link between central and peripheral oscillators. In addition, due to their persistent activation they may participate in the neuronal network for the clock mechanism that leads to food entrainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Caba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Ver., Mexico.
| | - Enrique Meza
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Ver., Mexico
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Angeles Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-UAT, Tlaxcala, Tlax, Mexico
| | | | | | - Angel I Melo
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-UAT, Tlaxcala, Tlax, Mexico
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23
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Kim BH, Joo Y, Kim MS, Choe HK, Tong Q, Kwon O. Effects of Intermittent Fasting on the Circulating Levels and Circadian Rhythms of Hormones. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:745-756. [PMID: 34474513 PMCID: PMC8419605 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting has become an increasingly popular strategy in losing weight and associated reduction in obesity-related medical complications. Overwhelming studies support metabolic improvements from intermittent fasting in blood glucose levels, cardiac and brain function, and other health benefits, in addition to weight loss. However, concerns have also been raised on side effects including muscle loss, ketosis, and electrolyte imbalance. Of particular concern, the effect of intermittent fasting on hormonal circadian rhythms has received little attention. Given the known importance of circadian hormonal changes to normal physiology, potential detrimental effects by dysregulation of hormonal changes deserve careful discussions. In this review, we describe the changes in circadian rhythms of hormones caused by intermittent fasting. We covered major hormones commonly pathophysiologically involved in clinical endocrinology, including insulin, thyroid hormones, and glucocorticoids. Given that intermittent fasting could alter both the level and frequency of hormone secretion, decisions on practicing intermittent fasting should take more considerations on potential detrimental consequences versus beneficial effects pertaining to individual health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hye Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Yena Joo
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Han Kyoung Choe
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu,
Korea
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School of UTHealth, and MD Anderson Cancer Center & UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX,
USA
| | - Obin Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
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24
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Yilmaz A, Kalsbeek A, Buijs RM. Early changes of immunoreactivity to orexin in hypothalamus and to RFamide peptides in brainstem during the development of hypertension. Neurosci Lett 2021; 762:136144. [PMID: 34332031 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is an important function of the nervous system and essential for maintaining blood pressure levels in the physiological range. In hypertension, BRS is decreased both in man and animals. Although increased sympathetic activity is thought to be the main cause of decreased BRS, hence the development of hypertension, the BRS is regulated by both sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic (PNS) nervous system. Here, we analyzed neuropeptide changes in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), which favours the SNS activity, as well as in PNS nuclei in the brainstem of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensive controls (Wistar Kyoto rats- WKY). The analyses revealed that in the WKY rats the hypothalamic orexin system, known for its role in sympathetic activation, showed a substantial decrease when animals age. At the same time, however, such a decrease was not observed when hypertension developed in the SHR. In contrast, Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) and Prolactin Releasing Peptide (PrRP) expression in the PNS associated Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (NTS) and Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus (DMV) diminished substantially, not only after the establishment of hypertension but also before its onset. Therefore, the current results indicate early changes in areas of the central nervous system involved in SNS and PNS control of blood pressure and associated with the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajda Yilmaz
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam 1105 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam 1105 BA, the Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud M Buijs
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam 1105 BA, the Netherlands; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
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25
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Lkhagvasuren B, Mee-Inta O, Zhao ZW, Hiramoto T, Boldbaatar D, Kuo YM. Pancreas-Brain Crosstalk. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:691777. [PMID: 34354571 PMCID: PMC8329585 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.691777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural regulation of glucose homeostasis in normal and challenged conditions involves the modulation of pancreatic islet-cell function. Compromising the pancreas innervation causes islet autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes and islet cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. However, despite the richly innervated nature of the pancreas, islet innervation remains ill-defined. Here, we review the neuroanatomical and humoral basis of the cross-talk between the endocrine pancreas and autonomic and sensory neurons. Identifying the neurocircuitry and neurochemistry of the neuro-insular network would provide clues to neuromodulation-based approaches for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Battuvshin Lkhagvasuren
- Brain Science Institute, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Onanong Mee-Inta
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Wei Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tetsuya Hiramoto
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Fukuoka Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Damdindorj Boldbaatar
- Brain Science Institute, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
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26
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Kurhaluk N, Tkachenko H, Lukash O. Photoperiod-induced alterations in biomarkers of oxidative stress and biochemical pathways in rats of different ages: Focus on individual physiological reactivity. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1673-1691. [PMID: 34121553 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1939364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Effects of photoperiodicity caused by both the age and individual physiological reactivity estimated by resistance to hypobaric hypoxia on the levels of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation (aldehydic and ketonic derivatives), total antioxidant capacity, activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase), and biochemical parameters of aerobic and anaerobic pathways in hepatic tissue depending on the blood melatonin level were studied. The study was carried out on 96 6- and 21-month-old male rats divided into hypoxia resistance groups (LR, low resistance, HR, high resistance). The analyses were conducted at four photoperiods: winter (January), spring (March), summer (July), and autumn (October). Our results indicate a significant effect of melatonin, i.e. over 80%, revealed by the complete statistical model of the studied biomarkers of oxidative stress and oxygen-dependent parameters of metabolism. The effects of melatonin vary with age and between photoperiods, which in turn was determined by individual physiological reactivity. In terms of the photoperiods, the melatonin content in the group of the adult animals with low resistance to hypoxia decreased from winter to summer. In a group of old animals in comparison with adults, the melatonin content in all the studied photoperiods was much lower as well, regardless of their hypoxia resistance. In the group of old animals with low resistance to hypoxia, the melatonin content decreased throughout the photoperiods as follows: winter, autumn, summer, and spring. As can be concluded, spring is a critical period for old animals, particularly those with low hypoxia resistance. The important role of melatonin in these processes was also confirmed by our correlation analysis between oxidative stress biomarkers, energy-related metabolites, and antioxidant enzymes in the hepatic tissue of rats of different ages, with different resistance to hypoxia, and in different photoperiods. The melatonin concentration in the blood of highly resistant rats was higher than in those with low resistance to hypoxia. Melatonin determines the individual constitutional level of resistance to hypoxia and is responsible for individual enzymatic antioxidative responses, depending on the four photoperiods. Our studies have shown that melatonin levels are related to the redox characteristics of antioxidant defenses against lipid peroxidation and oxidative modification of proteins in old rats with low resistance to hypoxia, compared to a group of highly resistant adults. Finally, the melatonin-related mechanisms of antioxidative protection depend on metabolic processes in hepatic tissue and exhibit photoperiodical variability in adult and old rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kurhaluk
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk, Poland
| | - Halyna Tkachenko
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk, Poland
| | - Oleksandr Lukash
- Department of Ecology and Nature Protection, T.G. Shevchenko National University "Chernihiv Collegium", Chernihiv, Ukraine
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27
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Stoynev AG, Ikonomov OC, Stoynev NA. Suprachiasmatic hypothalamic nuclei (SCN) in regulation of homeostasis: a role beyond circadian control? BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1920125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Stoynev
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ognian C. Ikonomov
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
| | - Nikolay A. Stoynev
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
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28
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Caba M, Lehman MN, Caba-Flores MD. Food Entrainment, Arousal, and Motivation in the Neonatal Rabbit Pup. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:636764. [PMID: 33815041 PMCID: PMC8010146 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.636764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the newborn rabbit, the light entrainable circadian system is immature and once a day nursing provides the primary timing cue for entrainment. In advance of the mother's arrival, pups display food anticipatory activity (FAA), and metabolic and physiological parameters are synchronized to this daily event. Central structures in the brain are also entrained as indicated by expression of Fos and Per1 proteins, GFAP, a glial marker, and cytochrome oxidase activity. Under fasting conditions, several of these rhythmic parameters persist in the periphery and brain, including rhythms in the olfactory bulb (OB). Here we provide an overview of these physiological and neurobiological changes and focus on three issues, just beginning to be examined in the rabbit. First, we review evidence supporting roles for the organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis (OVLT) and median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) in homeostasis of fluid ingestion and the neural basis of arousal, the latter which also includes the role of the orexigenic system. Second, since FAA in association with the daily visit of the mother is an example of conditioned learning, we review evidence for changes in the corticolimbic system and identified nuclei in the amygdala and extended amygdala as part of the neural substrate responsible for FAA. Third, we review recent evidence supporting the role of oxytocinergic cells of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) as a link to the autonomic system that underlies physiological events, which occur in preparation for the upcoming next daily meal. We conclude that the rabbit model has contributed to an overall understanding of food entrainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Caba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Michael N Lehman
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
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29
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Nakai A, Leach S, Suzuki K. Control of immune cell trafficking through inter-organ communication. Int Immunol 2021; 33:327-335. [PMID: 33751050 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a cardinal feature of the immune system. Immune cell trafficking is orchestrated principally by chemokines and adhesion molecules, which guide the cells to the right place and at the right time to efficiently induce immune responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that signals from other organ systems influence the expression of and responsiveness to these guidance cues and consequentially immune cell migration. Neuronal inputs control entry and exit of immune cells to and from lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. The circadian clock helps establish diurnal variations in immune cell distribution among tissues. Nutritional status also alters immune cell homing to the bone marrow. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about inter-organ control of immune cell trafficking and discuss the physiological and pathological significance of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nakai
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Immune Response Dynamics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sarah Leach
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Immune Response Dynamics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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30
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Kimura R, Kondo D, Takemi S, Fujishiro M, Tsukahara S, Sakai T, Sakata I. The role of central corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor signalling in plasma glucose maintenance through ghrelin secretion in calorie-restricted mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12961. [PMID: 33675127 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Under severe calorie restriction (CR), the ghrelin-growth hormone axis in mice is involved in the maintenance of plasma glucose levels. Ghrelin, a stomach-derived acylated peptide, is up-regulated by the sympathetic nerve in the negative energy status. Central corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor (CRF-R) signalling stimulates the sympathetic tone. The present study aimed to examine the effect of central CRF-R signalling on the maintenance of plasma glucose concentrations in severe calorie-restricted mice with the involvement of ghrelin. Intracerebroventricular injections of urocorin-1 and urocorin-2, which are natural ligands for CRF-R1 and CRF-R2, elevated plasma ghrelin concentrations and ghrelin elevation with an i.c.v. injection of urocorin-1 was cancelled by atenolol (β1 adrenergic receptor antagonist) administration. We then established a mice model of 60% CR and found that the administration of [d-Lys3]-GHRP-6 (a ghrelin receptor antagonist) in mice under 60% CR reduced the plasma glucose concentration more compared to the vehicle mice. Similarly, the atenolol injection in mice under 60% CR significantly reduced the plasma glucose concentration, which was rescued by the co-administration of ghrelin. An i.c.v. injection of the alpha helical CRH, a non-selective corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor antagonist, in mice under 60% CR significantly reduced the plasma glucose concentration, although the co-administration of α-helical CRH with ghrelin maintained plasma glucose levels. These results suggest that central CRF-R signalling is involved in the maintenance of plasma glucose levels in mice under severe CR via the sympathetic-ghrelin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Kimura
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kondo
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shota Takemi
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Miyuki Fujishiro
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
- Nikkol Group Cosmos Technical Center Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Tsukahara
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
- Division of Strategy Research, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Area of Life-NanoBio, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Ichiro Sakata
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
- Division of Strategy Research, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Area of Life-NanoBio, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
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31
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The Medullary Targets of Neurally Conveyed Sensory Information from the Rat Hepatic Portal and Superior Mesenteric Veins. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0419-20.2021. [PMID: 33495245 PMCID: PMC8114873 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0419-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vagal and spinal sensory endings in the wall of the hepatic portal and superior mesenteric veins (PMV) provide the brain with chemosensory information important for energy balance and other functions. To determine their medullary neuronal targets, we injected the transsynaptic anterograde viral tracer HSV-1 H129-772 (H129) into the PMV wall or left nodose ganglion (LNG) of male rats, followed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and high-resolution imaging. We also determined the chemical phenotype of H129-infected neurons, and potential vagal and spinal axon terminal appositions in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMX) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). PMV wall injections generated H129-infected neurons in both nodose ganglia and in thoracic dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). In the medulla, cholinergic preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in the DMX were virtually the only targets of chemosensory information from the PMV wall. H129-infected terminal appositions were identified on H129-infected somata and dendrites in the DMX, and on H129-infected DMX dendrites that extend into the NTS. Sensory transmission via vagal and possibly spinal routes from the PMV wall therefore reaches DMX neurons via axo-somatic appositions in the DMX and axo-dendritic appositions in the NTS. However, the dearth of H129-infected NTS neurons indicates that sensory information from the PMV wall terminates on DMX neurons without engaging NTS neurons. These previously underappreciated direct sensory routes into the DMX enable a vago-vagal and possibly spino-vagal reflexes that can directly influence visceral function.
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32
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Kolben Y, Weksler-Zangen S, Ilan Y. Adropin as a potential mediator of the metabolic system-autonomic nervous system-chronobiology axis: Implementing a personalized signature-based platform for chronotherapy. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13108. [PMID: 32720402 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adropin is a peptide hormone, which plays a role in energy homeostasis and controls glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Its levels correlate with changes in carbohydrate-lipid metabolism, metabolic diseases, central nervous system function, endothelial function and cardiovascular disease. Both metabolic pathways and adropin are regulated by the circadian clocks. Here, we review the roles of the autonomic nervous system and circadian rhythms in regulating metabolic pathways and energy homeostasis. The beneficial effects of chronotherapy in various systems are discussed. We suggest a potential role for adropin as a mediator of the metabolic system-autonomic nervous system axis. We discuss the possibility of establishing an individualized adropin and circadian rhythm-based platform for implementing chronotherapy, and variability signatures for improving the efficacy of adropin-based therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Kolben
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sarah Weksler-Zangen
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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33
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Luo S, Ezrokhi M, Cominos N, Tsai TH, Stoelzel CR, Trubitsyna Y, Cincotta AH. Experimental dopaminergic neuron lesion at the area of the biological clock pacemaker, suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) induces metabolic syndrome in rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:11. [PMID: 33485386 PMCID: PMC7825247 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The daily peak in dopaminergic neuronal activity at the area of the biological clock (hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei [SCN]) is diminished in obese/insulin resistant vs lean/insulin sensitive animals. The impact of targeted lesioning of dopamine (DA) neurons specifically at the area surrounding (and that communicate with) the SCN (but not within the SCN itself) upon glucose metabolism, adipose and liver lipid gene expression, and cardiovascular biology in normal laboratory animals has not been investigated and was the focus of this study. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats received either DA neuron neurotoxic lesion by bilateral intra-cannula injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (2-4 μg/side) or vehicle treatment at the area surrounding the SCN at 20 min post protriptyline ip injection (20 mg/kg) to protect against damage to noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons. RESULTS At 16 weeks post-lesion relative to vehicle treatment, peri-SCN area DA neuron lesioning increased weight gain (34.8%, P < 0.005), parametrial and retroperitoneal fat weight (45% and 90% respectively, P < 0.05), fasting plasma insulin, leptin and norepinephrine levels (180%, 71%, and 40% respectively, P < 0.05), glucose tolerance test area under the curve (AUC) insulin (112.5%, P < 0.05), and insulin resistance (44%-Matsuda Index, P < 0.05) without altering food consumption during the test period. Such lesion also induced the expression of several lipid synthesis genes in adipose and liver and the adipose lipolytic gene, hormone sensitive lipase in adipose (P < 0.05 for all). Liver monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (a proinflammatory protein associated with metabolic syndrome) gene expression was also significantly elevated in peri-SCN area dopaminergic lesioned rats. Peri-SCN area dopaminergic neuron lesioned rats were also hypertensive (systolic BP rose from 157 ± 5 to 175 ± 5 mmHg, P < 0.01; diastolic BP rose from 109 ± 4 to 120 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.05 and heart rate increase from 368 ± 12 to 406 ± 12 BPM, P < 0.05) and had elevated plasma norepinephrine levels (40% increased, P < 0.05) relative to controls. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that reduced dopaminergic neuronal activity in neurons at the area of and communicating with the SCN contributes significantly to increased sympathetic tone and the development of metabolic syndrome, without effect on feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Luo
- VeroScience LLC, 1334 Main Road, Tiverton, RI, 02878, USA
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Kalsbeek A, Buijs RM. Organization of the neuroendocrine and autonomic hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 180:45-63. [PMID: 34225948 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820107-7.00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A major function of the nervous system is to maintain a relatively constant internal environment. The distinction between our external environment (i.e., the environment that we live in and that is subject to major changes, such as temperature, humidity, and food availability) and our internal environment (i.e., the environment formed by the fluids surrounding our bodily tissues and that has a very stable composition) was pointed out in 1878 by Claude Bernard (1814-1878). Later on, it was indicated by Walter Cannon (1871-1945) that the internal environment is not really constant, but rather shows limited variability. Cannon named the mechanism maintaining this limited variability homeostasis. Claude Bernard envisioned that, for optimal health, all physiologic processes in the body needed to maintain homeostasis and should be in perfect harmony with each other. This is illustrated by the fact that, for instance, during the sleep-wake cycle important elements of our physiology such as body temperature, circulating glucose, and cortisol levels show important variations but are in perfect synchrony with each other. These variations are driven by the biologic clock in interaction with hypothalamic target areas, among which is the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), a core brain structure that controls the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous systems and thus is key for integrating central and peripheral information and implementing homeostasis. This chapter focuses on the anatomic connections between the biologic clock and the PVN to modulate homeostasis according to the daily sleep-wake rhythm. Experimental studies have revealed a highly specialized organization of the connections between the clock neurons and neuroendocrine system as well as preautonomic neurons in the PVN. These complex connections ensure a logical coordination between behavioral, endocrine, and metabolic functions that helps the organism maintain homeostasis throughout the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ruud M Buijs
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Alonge KM, D'Alessio DA, Schwartz MW. Brain control of blood glucose levels: implications for the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2021; 64:5-14. [PMID: 33043401 PMCID: PMC7718404 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite a rapidly growing literature, the role played by the brain in both normal glucose homeostasis and in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis remains poorly understood. In this review, we introduce a framework for understanding the brain's essential role in these processes based on evidence that the brain, like the pancreas, is equipped to sense and respond to changes in the circulating glucose level. Further, we review evidence that glucose sensing by the brain plays a fundamental role in establishing the defended level of blood glucose, and that defects in this control system contribute to type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. We also consider the possibility that the close association between obesity and type 2 diabetes arises from a shared defect in the highly integrated neurocircuitry governing energy homeostasis and glucose homeostasis. Thus, whereas obesity is characterised by an increase in the defended level of the body's fuel stores (e.g. adipose mass), type 2 diabetes is characterised by an increase in the defended level of the body's available fuel (e.g. circulating glucose), with the underlying pathogenesis in each case involving impaired sensing of (or responsiveness to) relevant humoral negative feedback signals. This perspective is strengthened by growing preclinical evidence that in type 2 diabetes the defended level of blood glucose can be restored to normal by therapies that restore the brain's ability to properly sense the circulating glucose level. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Alonge
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David A D'Alessio
- Duke Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael W Schwartz
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Abstract
At the time of Ivan Pavlov, pancreatic innervation was studied by looking at pancreas secretions in response to electrical stimulation of nerves. Nowadays we have ways to visualize neuronal activity in real time thanks to advances in fluorescent reporters and imaging techniques. We also have very precise optogenetic and pharmacogenetic approaches that allow neuronal manipulations in a very specific manner. These technological advances have been extensively employed for studying the central nervous system and are just beginning to be incorporated for studying visceral innervation. Pancreatic innervation is complex, and the role it plays in physiology and pathophysiology of the organ is still not fully understood. In this review we highlight anatomical aspects of pancreatic innervation, techniques for pancreatic neuronal labeling, and approaches for imaging pancreatic innervation in vitro and in vivo.
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Ikeda H, Yonemochi N, Mikami R, Abe M, Kawamura M, Natsume R, Sakimura K, Waddington JL, Kamei J. Central dopamine D 2 receptors regulate plasma glucose levels in mice through autonomic nerves. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22347. [PMID: 33339892 PMCID: PMC7749102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the central nervous system (CNS) regulates plasma glucose levels, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. The present study investigated the role of dopaminergic function in the CNS in regulation of plasma glucose levels in mice. I.c.v. injection of neither the dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF 38393 nor the antagonist SCH 23390 influenced plasma glucose levels. In contrast, i.c.v. injection of both the dopamine D2 receptor agonist quinpirole and the antagonist l-sulpiride increased plasma glucose levels. Hyperglycemia induced by quinpirole and l-sulpiride was absent in dopamine D2 receptor knockout mice. I.c.v. injection of quinpirole and l-sulpiride each increased mRNA levels of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, which are the key enzymes for hepatic gluconeogenesis. Systemic injection of the β2 adrenoceptor antagonist ICI 118,551 inhibited hyperglycemia induced by l-sulpiride, but not by quinpirole. In contrast, hyperglycemia induced by quinpirole, but not by l-sulpiride, was inhibited by hepatic vagotomy. These results suggest that stimulation of central dopamine D2 receptors increases plasma glucose level by increasing hepatic glucose production through parasympathetic nerves, whereas inhibition of central dopamine D2 receptors increases plasma glucose level by increasing hepatic glucose production through sympathetic nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Ikeda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Naomi Yonemochi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Risa Mikami
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Meiko Kawamura
- Department of Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Rie Natsume
- Department of Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - John L Waddington
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
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Feng M, Xiang B, Fan L, Wang Q, Xu W, Xiang H. Interrogating autonomic peripheral nervous system neurons with viruses - A literature review. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 346:108958. [PMID: 32979424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
How rich functionality emerges from the rather invariant structural architecture of the peripheral autonomic nervous system remains one of the major mysteries in neuroscience. The high incidence of patients with neural circuit-related autonomic nervous system diseases highlights the importance of fundamental research, among others with neurotracing methods, into autonomic neuron functionality. Due to the emergence of neurotropic virus-based tracing techniques in recent years the access to neuronal connectivity in the peripheral autonomic nervous system has greatly been improved. This review is devoted to the anatomical distribution of neural circuits in the periphery of the autonomous nervous system and to the interaction between the autonomic nervous system and vital peripheral organs or tissues. The experimental evidence available at present has greatly expanded our understanding of autonomic peripheral nervous system neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maohui Feng
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan Peritoneal Cancer Clinical Medical Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Boqi Xiang
- University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Weiguo Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - HongBing Xiang
- Department Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
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Faber CL, Deem JD, Campos CA, Taborsky GJ, Morton GJ. CNS control of the endocrine pancreas. Diabetologia 2020; 63:2086-2094. [PMID: 32894319 PMCID: PMC7983553 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that, although pancreatic islets can function autonomously to detect and respond to changes in the circulating glucose level, the brain cooperates with the islet to maintain glycaemic control. Here, we review the role of the central and autonomic nervous systems in the control of the endocrine pancreas, including mechanisms whereby the brain senses circulating blood glucose levels. We also examine whether dysfunction in these systems might contribute to complications of type 1 diabetes and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Faber
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican St, Box 358062, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer D Deem
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican St, Box 358062, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carlos A Campos
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican St, Box 358062, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gerald J Taborsky
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gregory J Morton
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican St, Box 358062, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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40
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Finger AM, Dibner C, Kramer A. Coupled network of the circadian clocks: a driving force of rhythmic physiology. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2734-2769. [PMID: 32750151 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system is composed of coupled endogenous oscillators that allow living beings, including humans, to anticipate and adapt to daily changes in their environment. In mammals, circadian clocks form a hierarchically organized network with a 'master clock' located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, which ensures entrainment of subsidiary oscillators to environmental cycles. Robust rhythmicity of body clocks is indispensable for temporally coordinating organ functions, and the disruption or misalignment of circadian rhythms caused for instance by modern lifestyle is strongly associated with various widespread diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge about the molecular architecture and system-level organization of mammalian circadian oscillators. Furthermore, we discuss the regulatory roles of peripheral clocks for cell and organ physiology and their implication in the temporal coordination of metabolism in human health and disease. Finally, we summarize methods for assessing circadian rhythmicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Marie Finger
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Charna Dibner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Patient Education, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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41
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Méndez-Hernández R, Escobar C, Buijs RM. Suprachiasmatic Nucleus-Arcuate Nucleus Axis: Interaction Between Time and Metabolism Essential for Health. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28 Suppl 1:S10-S17. [PMID: 32538539 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, time and metabolism are tightly coupled variables; this relationship can be illustrated by numerous examples, such as the circadian variation in food intake or the circadian response to a glucose bolus. We review evidence that the interaction between the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the arcuate nucleus plays a key role in the execution of these functions. The nuclei are reciprocally connected via different projections, and this interaction provides an ideal anatomical framework to modify the temporal output of the hypothalamus to metabolic organs as a consequence of the feedback from the periphery. The suprachiasmatic nucleus-arcuate nucleus relationship is essential to integrate metabolic information into the circadian system and thus adapt circadian rhythms in core body temperature, locomotor activity, food intake, and circulating molecules such as glucose and corticosterone. With the rise in obesity-associated diseases in the world population, gaining knowledge about this relationship, and the consequences of disturbing this liaison, is essential to understand the pathogenesis of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Méndez-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruud M Buijs
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
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42
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Fleury G, Masís‐Vargas A, Kalsbeek A. Metabolic Implications of Exposure to Light at Night: Lessons from Animal and Human Studies. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28 Suppl 1:S18-S28. [PMID: 32700826 PMCID: PMC7497102 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lately, the incidence of overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes has shown a staggering increase. To prevent and treat these conditions, one must look at their etiology. As life on earth has evolved under the conditions of nature's 24-hour light/dark cycle, it seems likely that exposure to artificial light at night (LAN) would affect physiology. Indeed, ample evidence has shown that LAN impacts many metabolic parameters, at least partly via the biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. This review focuses on the impact of chronic and acute effects of LAN of different wavelengths on locomotor activity, food intake, the sleep/wake cycle, body temperature, melatonin, glucocorticoids, and glucose and lipid metabolism. While chronic LAN disturbs daily rhythms in these parameters, experiments using short-term LAN exposure also have shown acute negative effects in metabolically active peripheral tissues. Experiments using LAN of different wavelengths not only have indicated an important role for melanopsin, the photopigment found in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, but also provided evidence that each wavelength may have a specific impact on energy metabolism. Importantly, exposure to LAN has been shown to impact glucose homeostasis also in humans and to be associated with an increased incidence of overweight, obesity, and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fleury
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Anayanci Masís‐Vargas
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration MechanismsNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN)Amsterdamthe Netherlands
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI)UPR‐3212 CNRSUniversity of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration MechanismsNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN)Amsterdamthe Netherlands
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Worker CJ, Li W, Feng CY, Souza LAC, Gayban AJB, Cooper SG, Afrin S, Romanick S, Ferguson BS, Feng Earley Y. The neuronal (pro)renin receptor and astrocyte inflammation in the central regulation of blood pressure and blood glucose in mice fed a high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E765-E778. [PMID: 32228320 PMCID: PMC7272727 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00406.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report here that the neuronal (pro)renin receptor (PRR), a key component of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS), plays a critical role in the central regulation of high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced metabolic pathophysiology. The neuronal PRR is known to mediate formation of the majority of angiotensin (ANG) II, a key bioactive peptide of the RAS, in the central nervous system and to regulate blood pressure and cardiovascular function. However, little is known about neuronal PRR function in overnutrition-related metabolic physiology. Here, we show that PRR deletion in neurons reduces blood pressure, neurogenic pressor activity, and fasting blood glucose and improves glucose tolerance without affecting food intake or body weight following a 16-wk HFD. Mechanistically, we found that a HFD increases levels of the PRR ligand (pro)renin in the circulation and hypothalamus and of ANG II in the hypothalamus, indicating activation of the brain RAS. Importantly, PRR deletion in neurons reduced astrogliosis and activation of the astrocytic NF-κB p65 (RelA) in the arcuate nucleus and the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. Collectively, our findings indicate that the neuronal PRR plays essential roles in overnutrition-related metabolic pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb J Worker
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Wencheng Li
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Cheng-Yuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Lucas A C Souza
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Ariana Julia B Gayban
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Silvana G Cooper
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Sanzida Afrin
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Samantha Romanick
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
- Department of Neurology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Bradley S Ferguson
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
- Department of Neurology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Yumei Feng Earley
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
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Beneficial Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Metabolic Diseases: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051267. [PMID: 32365676 PMCID: PMC7284632 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Various behavioral and physiological pathways follow a pre-determined, 24 hour cycle known as the circadian rhythm. Metabolic homeostasis is regulated by the circadian rhythm. Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a type of intermittent fasting based on the circadian rhythm. In this study, we aim to analyze systemically the effects of TRE on body weight, body composition, and other metabolic parameters. We reviewed articles from PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library to identify clinical trials that compared TRE to a regular diet. We included 19 studies for meta-analysis. Participants following TRE showed significantly reduced body weight (mean difference (MD), -0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.71 to -0.10) and fat mass (MD: -1.58, 95% CI: -2.64 to -0.51), while preserving fat-free mass (MD, -0.24; 95% CI: -1.15 to 0.67). TRE also showed beneficial effects on cardiometabolic parameters such as blood pressure (systolic BP, MD, -3.07; 95% CI: -5.76 to -0.37), fasting glucose concentration (MD, -2.96; 95% CI, -5.60 to -0.33), and cholesterol profiles (triglycerides, MD: -11.60, 95% CI: -23.30 to -0.27). In conclusion, TRE is a promising therapeutic strategy for controlling weight and improving metabolic dysfunctions in those who are overweight or obese. Further large-scale clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings and the usefulness of TRE.
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45
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Belhadj S, Dal S, Khaskhoussi F, Maillard-Pedracini E, Hentati O, Sigrist S. Anorexic and metabolic effect of jojoba: potential treatment against metabolic syndrome and hepatic complications. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:24. [PMID: 32256672 PMCID: PMC7106724 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evaluation of the action of various traditional plants to treat metabolic syndrome are strongly studied. In our study, we investigated the effect of the Tunisian jojoba seed on a metabolic syndrome induced in rat by the High Fat diet and High Fructose (HFHF) and its renal and hepatic complications. Methods The rats were fed with HFHF or Normal Diet (ND) for a period of 8 weeks. After that, a switch from HFHF to ND or Normal Diet Jojoba (NDJ),(jojoba diet approach) or High Fat and High Fructose and Jojoba diet (HFHFJ) (nutraceutical approach) has been done. Metabolic disorder was evaluated by measuring the fasting body weight, glycemia and C-peptide and leptin. Oxidative stress parameters like ThioBarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAOC) were analyzed in the plasma and renal and hepatic function were determined by the measure of creatinine and alanine transferase (ALT) respectively. Histological analysis was performed on the liver, kidney and pancreas. Results HFHF diet exhibited characteristics of metabolic syndrome presented by insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, fat mass with hepatic steatosis and renal disorder. HFHF diet was associated with oxidative stress (OS) presented by an increase in TBARS and a decrease in TAOC. Adding jojoba seeds to HFHF rat group diet induced a decrease in body weight, fat mass (58 and 41%), insulin resistance (59 and 56%), oxidative stress (60 and 41%), liver steatosis (from a score = 3 to a score = 0) and renal complications (25 and 42%). This effect was emphasized with diet approach. Conclusion The results demonstrated the beneficial effect of jojoba against metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress, suggesting that jojoba could be used in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahla Belhadj
- 1UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Federation of Traditional Medicine of Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stephanie Dal
- 1UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Federation of Traditional Medicine of Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Elisa Maillard-Pedracini
- 1UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Federation of Traditional Medicine of Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olfa Hentati
- 3Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Route de Soukra, Km 4, BP 1175, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.,4Laboratoire Génie Environnement et Ecotechnologie, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax (LGEET LR16ES19-ENIS), Université de Sfax, Route de Soukra, Km 4, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Séverine Sigrist
- 1UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Federation of Traditional Medicine of Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Silva CC, Domínguez R. Clock control of mammalian reproductive cycles: Looking beyond the pre-ovulatory surge of gonadotropins. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2020; 21:149-163. [PMID: 31828563 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09525-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several aspects of the physiology and behavior of organisms are expressed rhythmically with a 24-h periodicity and hence called circadian rhythms. Such rhythms are thought to be an adaptive response that allows to anticipate cyclic events in the environment. In mammals, the circadian system is a hierarchically organized net of endogenous oscillators driven by the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). This system is synchronized by the environment throughout afferent pathways and in turn it organizes the activity of tissues by means of humoral secretions and neuronal projections. It has been shown that reproductive cycles are regulated by the circadian system. In rodents, the lesion of the SCN results on alterations of the estrous cycle, sexual behavior, tonic and phasic secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)/gonadotropins and in the failure of ovulation. Most of the studies regarding the circadian control of reproduction, in particular of ovulation, have only focused on the participation of the SCN in the triggering of the proestrus surge of gonadotropins. Here we review aspects of the evolution and organization of the circadian system with particular focus on its relationship with the reproductive cycle of laboratory rodents. Experimental evidence of circadian control of neuroendocrine events indispensable for ovulation that occur prior to proestrus are discussed. In order to offer a working model of the circadian regulation of reproduction, its participation on aspects ranging from gamete production, neuroendocrine regulation, sexual behavior, mating coordination, pregnancy and deliver of the product should be assessed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos-Camilo Silva
- Chronobiology of Reproduction Research Lab-UIBR, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Domínguez
- Chronobiology of Reproduction Research Lab-UIBR, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico.
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Caba M, Huerta C, Meza E, Hernández M, Rovirosa-Hernández MJ. Oxytocinergic Cells of the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Are Involved in Food Entrainment. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:49. [PMID: 32082116 PMCID: PMC7005215 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
When food is presented at a specific time of day subjects develop intense locomotor behavior before food presentation, termed food anticipatory activity (FAA). Metabolic and hormonal parameters, as well as neural structures also shift their rhythm according to mealtime. Food-entrained activity rhythms are thought to be driven by a distributed system of central and peripheral oscillators sensitive to food cues, but it is not well understood how they are organized for the expression of FAA. The hormone Oxytocin plays an important role in food intake, satiety and homeostatic glucose metabolism and although it is recognized that food is the main cue for food entrainment this hormone has not been implicated in FAA. Here we investigated the activity of oxytocinergic (OTergic) cells of the hypothalamus in relation to the timing of feeding in rabbit pups, a natural model of food entrainment. We found that OTergic cells of the supraoptic nucleus and the main body of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) are activated after feeding which suggests that OT may be an entraining signal for food synchronization. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the PVN revealed that OTergic cells of the caudal PVN and a subpopulation in the dorsal part of the main body of this nucleus shows activation before the time of food but not 12 h later. Moreover this pattern persists in fasted subjects at the time of the previous scheduled time of nursing. The fact that those OTergic cells of the dorsal and caudal part of the PVN contain preautonomic cells that project to the adrenal, pancreas and liver perhaps may be related to the physiological changes in preparation for food ingestion, and synchronization of peripheral oscillators, which remains to be determined; perhaps they play a main role in the central oscillatory mechanism of FAA as their activity persists in fasted subjects at the time of the next feeding time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Caba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - César Huerta
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Enrique Meza
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Manuel Hernández
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
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Chamarthi B, Vinik A, Ezrokhi M, Cincotta AH. Circadian-timed quick-release bromocriptine lowers elevated resting heart rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2020; 3:e00101. [PMID: 31922028 PMCID: PMC6947713 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) overactivity is a risk factor for insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the impact of bromocriptine-QR, a dopamine-agonist antidiabetes medication, on elevated resting heart rate (RHR) (a marker of SNS overactivity in metabolic syndrome), blood pressure (BP) and the relationship between bromocriptine-QR's effects on RHR and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes subjects. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS RHR and BP changes were evaluated in this post hoc analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial in 1014 type 2 diabetes subjects randomized to bromocriptine-QR vs placebo added to standard therapy (diet ± ≤2 oral antidiabetes medications) for 24 weeks without concomitant antihypertensive or antidiabetes medication changes, stratified by baseline RHR (bRHR). RESULTS In subjects with bRHR ≥70 beats/min, bromocriptine-QR vs placebo reduced RHR by -3.4 beats/min and reduced BP (baseline 130/79; systolic, diastolic, mean arterial BP reductions [mm Hg]: -3.6 [P = .02], -1.9 [P = .05], -2.5 [P = .02]). RHR reductions increased with higher baseline HbA1c (bHbA1c) (-2.7 [P = .03], -5 [P = .002], -6.1 [P = .002] with bHbA1c ≤7, >7, ≥7.5%, respectively] in the bRHR ≥70 group and more so with bRHR ≥80 (-4.5 [P = .07], -7.8 [P = .015], -9.9 [P = .005]). Subjects with bRHR <70 had no significant change in RHR or BP. With bHbA1c ≥7.5%, %HbA1c reductions with bromocriptine-QR vs placebo were -0.50 (P = .04), -0.73 (P = .005) and -1.22 (P = .008) with bRHR <70, ≥70 and ≥80, respectively. With bRHR ≥70, the magnitude of bromocriptine-QR-induced RHR reduction was an independent predictor of bromocriptine-QR's HbA1c lowering effect. CONCLUSION Bromocriptine-QR lowers elevated RHR with concurrent decrease in BP and hyperglycaemia. These findings suggest a potential sympatholytic mechanism contributing to bromocriptine-QR's antidiabetes effect and potentially its previously demonstrated effect to reduce CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Vinik
- Eastern Virginia Medical School Strelitz Diabetes CenterNorfolkVirginia
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Welz PS, Benitah SA. Molecular Connections Between Circadian Clocks and Aging. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:3661-3679. [PMID: 31887285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clockwork has evolved as a timing system that allows the daily environmental changes to be anticipated so that behavior and tissue physiology can be adjusted accordingly. The circadian clock synchronizes the function of all cells within tissues in order to temporally separate preclusive and potentially harmful physiologic processes and to establish a coherent temporal organismal physiology. Thus, the proper functioning of the circadian clockwork is essential for maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis. Importantly, aging reduces the robustness of the circadian clock, resulting in disturbed sleep-wake cycles, a lowered capacity to synchronize circadian rhythms in peripheral tissues, and reprogramming of the circadian clock output at the molecular function levels. These circadian clock-dependent behavioral and molecular changes in turn further accelerate the process of aging. Here we review the current knowledge about how aging affects the circadian clock, how the functional decline of the circadian clock affects aging, and how the circadian clock machinery and the molecular processes that underlie aging are intertwined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick-Simon Welz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - S A Benitah
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain.
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50
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Bhati P, Hussain ME. Sleep duration is a significant predictor of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Prim Care Diabetes 2019; 13:452-461. [PMID: 30850339 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between sleep quality outcomes and measures of cardiac autonomic function and to assess the predictive ability of sleep quality outcomes for cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Fifty patients with T2DM (age, 51.3±7.01years; glycemic control, 8.4±1.65%) completed the study. Patients were diagnosed for CAN using the standard clinical autonomic test battery and were also assessed for heart rate variability (HRV) under resting conditions. Sleep quality was examined using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). RESULTS Sleep duration, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, daytime dysfunction and global PSQI score showed significant correlations with measures of cardiac autonomic control (p<0.05). At an optimal cut-off of≤5.83h (area under the curve: 0.76, p=0.0003; sensitivity: 50%; specificity: 94.4%), sleep duration predicted occurrence of CAN (odds ratio, confidence interval: 0.18, 0.04-0.70; p=0.01) in T2DM after adjusting for various clinical confounders. CONCLUSION Findings of the present study suggest that subjective sleep outcomes such as sleep duration, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, daytime dysfunction and overall sleep quality are associated with the indices of cardiac autonomic function in T2DM. Moreover, short sleep duration may be considered a predictor in the occurrence of CAN in these patients. Considering the role of sleep in the pathophysiology of CAN, sleep should be routinely examined in patients with T2DM and appropriate therapeutic interventions should be implemented particularly in case of reduced sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Bhati
- Diabetes Research Group, Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi-110025, India
| | - M Ejaz Hussain
- Diabetes Research Group, Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi-110025, India.
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