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Neppl TK, Diggs ON, Neppl AK, Denburg NL. Adolescent predictors of psychiatric disorders in adulthood: The role of emotional distress and problem drinking in emerging adulthood. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:799-809. [PMID: 36847258 PMCID: PMC10460462 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The current study evaluated risk factors in adolescence on problem drinking and emotional distress in late adolescence and emerging adulthood, and meeting criteria for diagnosed disorders in adulthood. The study included 501 parents and their adolescent who participated from middle adolescence to adulthood. Risk factors in middle adolescence (age 18) included parent alcohol use, adolescent alcohol use, and parent and adolescent emotional distress. In late adolescence (age 18), binge drinking and emotional distress were assessed, and in emerging adulthood (age 25), alcohol problems and emotional distress were examined. Meeting criteria for substance use, behavioral, affective, or anxiety disorders were examined between the ages of 26 and 31. Results showed parent alcohol use predicted substance use disorder through late adolescent binge drinking and emerging adulthood alcohol problems. Behavioral disorders were indirectly predicted by adolescent and emerging adult emotional distress. Affective disorders were indirectly predicted by parent emotional distress through adolescent emotional distress. Finally, anxiety disorders were predicted by parent alcohol use via adolescent drinking; parent emotional distress via adolescent emotional distress, and through adolescent alcohol use and emotional distress. Results provided support for the intergenerational transmission of problem drinking and emotional distress on meeting criteria for diagnosed psychiatric disorders in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia K Neppl
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Olivia N Diggs
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ashlyn K Neppl
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Natalie L Denburg
- Departments of Neurology and Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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2
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Bates EJS, Berny LM, Ganiban JM, Natsuaki MN, Neiderhiser JM, Shaw DS, Leve LD. Examination of promotive and protective effects on early adolescent prosocial behavior through a bioecological lens. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1280346. [PMID: 38046108 PMCID: PMC10690822 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1280346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prosocial behavior during childhood has been associated with numerous positive developmental and behavioral outcomes in adolescence and adulthood. Prosocial behavior, which includes cooperation and helping others, develops within a bioecological context. Considering it through such a lens enhances the understanding of the roles of different bioecological factors in its development. Methods Using data from a longitudinal study of adopted children and children reared with their biological parents, this paper examined if positive aspects of a child's bioecological system at age 7 predict prosocial behavior in early adolescence (age 11), and whether these bioecological factors could offset risk due to biological family psychopathology and/or maternal prenatal substance use. The analyses incorporated variables from different levels of Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model (the individual, microsystem, exosystem, and macrosystem) and examined the promotive, and potentially protective, effect of each contextual factor, while also considering their interplay with biological family psychopathology and prenatal substance use. Results Results from linear regression models indicated that the microsystem variable of parental warmth at age 7 had a promotive effect on age 11 prosocial behavior. Further, in addition to its main effect, parental warmth was protective against maternal substance use during pregnancy when children were raised with their biological parent (s). Household type (biological family) and biological family internalizing psychopathology were the only other significant predictors in the model, with each associated with lower prosocial behavior at age 11. Discussion Study results extend prior work on the benefits of parental warmth on child outcomes by employing a strength-based, bioecological approach to the development of prosocial behavior during early adolescence and examining "for whom" the effects of parental warmth are most protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. S. Bates
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Lauren M. Berny
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Jody M. Ganiban
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Misaki N. Natsuaki
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jenae M. Neiderhiser
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Daniel S. Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Leslie D. Leve
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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3
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Takatsuru Y, Miyagawa K. Editorial: Chronic effects on brain development induced by early-life stress. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1293325. [PMID: 37920301 PMCID: PMC10619718 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1293325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takatsuru
- Division of Multidimensional Clinical Medicine, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura, Japan
| | - Kazuya Miyagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara, Japan
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Alley ZM, Kerr DCR, Wilson JP, Rule NO. Relating Facial Trustworthiness to Antisocial Behavior in Adolescent and Adult Men. JOURNAL OF NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 47:385-402. [PMID: 38855115 PMCID: PMC11160970 DOI: 10.1007/s10919-023-00432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Here, we investigate how facial trustworthiness-a socially influential appearance variable-interrelates with antisocial behavior across adolescence and middle adulthood. Specifically, adolescents who look untrustworthy may be treated with suspicion, leading to antisocial behavior through expectancy effects. Alternatively, early antisocial behaviors may promote an untrustworthy appearance over time (Dorian Gray effect). We tested these expectancy and Dorian Gray effects in a longitudinal study that followed 206 at-risk boys (90% White) from ages 13-38 years. Parallel process piecewise growth models indicated that facial trustworthiness (assessed from photographs taken prospectively) declined during adolescence and then stabilized in adulthood. Consistent with expectancy effects, initial levels of facial trustworthiness were positively related to increases in antisocial behavior during adolescence and also during adulthood. Additionally, higher initial levels of antisocial behavior predicted relative decreases in facial trustworthiness across adolescence. Adolescent boys' facial appearance may therefore both encourage and reflect antisocial behavior over time.
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Lydia Qu Y, Chen J, Tam A, Ooi LQR, Dhamala E, Cocuzza C, Lawhead C, Yeo BTT, Holmes AJ. Distinct brain network features predict internalizing and externalizing traits in children and adults. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.20.541490. [PMID: 37292775 PMCID: PMC10245695 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.20.541490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Internalizing and externalizing traits are two distinct classes of behaviors in psychiatry. However, whether shared or unique brain network features predict internalizing and externalizing behaviors in children and adults remain poorly understood. Using a sample of 2262 children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study and 752 adults from the Human Connectome Project (HCP), we show that network features predicting internalizing and externalizing behavior are, at least in part, dissociable in children, but not in adults. In ABCD children, traits within internalizing and externalizing behavioral categories are predicted by more similar network features concatenated across task and resting states than those between different categories. We did not observe this pattern in HCP adults. Distinct network features predict internalizing and externalizing behaviors in ABCD children and HCP adults. These data reveal shared and unique brain network features accounting for individual variation within broad internalizing and externalizing categories across developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Lydia Qu
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jianzhong Chen
- Center for Sleep and Cognition, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Translational MR Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela Tam
- Center for Sleep and Cognition, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Translational MR Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leon Qi Rong Ooi
- Center for Sleep and Cognition, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Translational MR Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elvisha Dhamala
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Carrisa Cocuzza
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Connor Lawhead
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Center for Sleep and Cognition, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Translational MR Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Avram J Holmes
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Suokko H, Tolvanen M, Virtanen J, Suominen A, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Lahti S. Parent's self-reported tooth brushing and use of fluoridated toothpaste: Associations with their one-year-old child's preventive oral health behaviour. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2023; 51:311-317. [PMID: 35312099 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine if the tooth brushing frequency and use of fluoridated toothpaste of the mother and father were associated with the tooth brushing frequency and use of fluoridated toothpaste for their 1-year-old child. METHODS This cross-sectional study is part of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Questionnaire data were obtained from 1672 mothers and 867 fathers on tooth brushing and use of fluoridated toothpaste, age, education, number of siblings and parity (when the child was 1-year-old). For 763 families (mother and father), data from both parents were available. Tooth brushing was dichotomized to at least twice daily (2× day) and less than 2× day, and use of fluoridated toothpaste for child to at least once daily and less than once daily. The association between brushing of child's teeth (both parents less than 2× day) and use of fluoridated toothpaste for the child (both parents less than once daily) with parent's own tooth brushing was modelled with logistic regression analyses adjusted for family-related variables (parents' age and education, number of older siblings) using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Families in which both parents brushed their own teeth less than 2× day were more likely to brush their child's teeth less than 2× day than families in which both parents brushed their own teeth 2× day (OR = 9.23; 95%CI = 5.42-15.69). The likelihood of not brushing the child's teeth 2× day was less strong when at least one of the parents brushed his/her own teeth 2× day (mother 2× day: OR = 1.97; 95%CI = 1.25-3.10; father 2× day: OR = 2.85; 95%CI = 1.51-5.40). CONCLUSIONS Less frequent tooth brushing of both mothers and fathers was strongly associated with less frequent tooth brushing of their child. When educating parents on child oral home care, parents' own home care and inclusion of fathers also need more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Suokko
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mimmi Tolvanen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jorma Virtanen
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Auli Suominen
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Lahti
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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7
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Hsieh HF, Wu WC, Córdova D, Heinze JE, Pomerantz N, Buu A, Zimmerman MA. The Intergenerational Transmission of Family Conflict on Children's Aggression: The Compensatory Effect of Positive Parenting. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP20769-NP20792. [PMID: 34851221 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211056025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1259University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wen-Chi Wu
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, College of Education, 215176National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David Córdova
- School of Social Work, 1259University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Justin E Heinze
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1259University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Anne Buu
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, 12340University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marc A Zimmerman
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1259University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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8
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Rabinowitz JA, Reboussin BA, Thrul J, Drabick DAG, Kahn G, Green KM, Ialongo NS, Huhn AS, Maher BS. Early Childhood Behavioral and Academic Antecedents of Lifetime Opioid Misuse among Urban Youth. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2022; 51:864-876. [PMID: 33688771 PMCID: PMC8977050 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2021.1875324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Opioid misuse has become an epidemic in the United States. In the present study, we examine potential malleable early childhood predictors of opioid misuse including whether childhood achievement, aggressive behavior, attention problems, and peer social preference/likability in first grade predicted opioid misuse and whether these relationships differed depending on participant sex. METHOD Data are drawn from three cohorts of participants (N = 1,585; 46.7% male) recruited in first grade as part of a series of elementary school-based, universal preventive interventions conducted in a Mid-Atlantic region of the US. In first grade, participants completed standardized achievement tests, teachers reported on attention problems, and peers nominated their classmates with respect to their aggressive behavior and social preference/likability. At approximately age 20, participants reported on their misuse of opioids defined as lifetime use of heroin or misuse of prescription opioids. RESULTS Higher levels of peer nominations for aggressive behavior in first grade predicted a greater likelihood of opioid misuse. An interaction between participant sex and attention problems was observed such that females higher in attention problems were more likely to misuse opioids, particularly prescription opioids, than females lower in attention problems. An interaction was also found between participant sex and peer likability such that males lower in peer-nominated likability were more likely to misuse opioids relative to males higher in likability. CONCLUSION Given the malleable nature of attention problems, aggression, and social skills in early childhood, prevention programs that target these behaviors during this developmental period may attenuate risk for opioid misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Rabinowitz
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Beth A Reboussin
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Johannes Thrul
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | | | - Geoffrey Kahn
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | | | - Nicholas S Ialongo
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Andrew S Huhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Brion S Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
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9
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Marceau K, Yu L, Knopik VS, Ganiban JM, Neiderhiser JM. Intergenerational transmission of psychopathology: An examination of symptom severity and directionality. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:1-14. [PMID: 36097811 PMCID: PMC10008754 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the intergenerational transmission of internalizing and externalizing symptom severity, which indexes comorbidity, and symptom directionality, which indicates differentiation toward externalizing versus internalizing problems. Data are from 854 male and female, same-sex adult twin pairs born between 1926 and 1971 (32-60 years old, M = 44.9 years, SD = 4.9 years) from the Twin and Offspring Study in Sweden and their adolescent offspring (11-22 years old, M = 15.7 years, SD = 2.4 years, 52% female). Children-of-twins models revealed additive (9%) and dominant (45%) genetic and nonshared environmental (47%) influences on twins' symptom severity, and additive genetic (39%) and nonshared environmental (61%) influences on twins' symptom directionality. Both comorbid problems and preponderance of symptoms of a particular - internalizing versus externalizing - spectrum were correlated across parent and child generations, although associations were modest especially for directionality (i.e., transmission of specific symptom type). By interpreting findings alongside a recent study of adolescent twins, we demonstrate that the intergenerational transmission of symptom severity and symptom directionality are both unlikely to be attributable to genetic transmission, are both likely to be influenced by direct phenotypic transmission and/or nonpassive rGE, and the intergenerational transmission of symptom severity is also likely to be influenced by passive rGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Marceau
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Valerie S Knopik
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jody M Ganiban
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jenae M Neiderhiser
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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10
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Wiertsema M, Vrijen C, van der Ploeg R, Kretschmer T. Intergenerational Transmission of Peer Aggression. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:1901-1913. [PMID: 35657572 PMCID: PMC9363369 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01638-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
It is plausible that peer aggression—like general forms of aggression—is transmitted from one generation to the next. As such, parental behavior in childhood and adolescence may be associated with offspring aggressive behavior against peers. This study used 1970 British Cohort Study data to test intergenerational transmission of peer aggression. The baseline sample consisted of 13,135 participants. At the first assessment that was used in this study, participants were on average 4.95 years old (SD = 0.79; 48.20% female). At the last assessment, participants were on average 33.88 years old (SD = 0.36; 52.1% female). Models were computed for early and middle childhood, and adolescence. Significant associations between parents’ and offspring peer aggression were found in most models – especially when correlating aggression in similar developmental periods for parents and children. Other transmission mechanisms such as genetic transmission may be relevant and should be taken into account in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wiertsema
- Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 38, 9712 TJ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Charlotte Vrijen
- Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 38, 9712 TJ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rozemarijn van der Ploeg
- Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 38, 9712 TJ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Kretschmer
- Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 38, 9712 TJ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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11
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de Vogel V, Didden R. Victimization history in female forensic psychiatric patients with intellectual disabilities: Results from a Dutch multicenter comparative study. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 122:104179. [PMID: 35101719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Victimization is highly prevalent in individuals with mild intellectual disability (MID) or borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) and is an important risk factor for mental health problems and violent behavior. Not much is known, however, about victimization history in women with MID-BIF admitted to forensic mental health care. AIMS The aim of this multicenter study is to gain insight into victimization histories and mental health problems of female forensic psychiatric patients with MID-BIF. METHODS File data were analyzed of 126 women with MID-BIF who have been admitted to one of five Dutch forensic psychiatric hospitals between 1990 and 2014 and compared to data of 76 female patients with average or above intellectual functioning and to a matched sample of 31 male patients with MID-BIF. RESULTS All forensic patients had high rates of victimization, but women with MID-BIF showed an even higher prevalence of victimization during both childhood and adulthood and more complex psychopathology compared to female patients without MID-BIF. Compared to male forensic patients with MID-BIF, women with MID-BIF were more often victim of sexual abuse during childhood. During adulthood, the victimization rate in these women was more than three times higher than in men. CONCLUSIONS Victimization is a salient factor in female forensic patients with MID-BIF and more gender-responsive trauma-focused treatment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne de Vogel
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; De Forensische Zorgspecialisten, Utrecht, the Netherlands; University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Robert Didden
- Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Trajectum, Zwolle, the Netherlands
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12
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Auty KM, Farrington DP, Coid JW. Intergenerational transmission of personality disorder severity and the role of psychosocial risk factors. CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH : CBMH 2022; 32:5-20. [PMID: 34897850 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial influences on the development of many psychopathologies are well recognised, yet the psychosocial risk factors that could help explain apparently intergenerational continuities of personality disorder (PD) are less well understood. AIMS To establish whether there is an association between the severity of PD in men and their offspring in a community cohort, and whether factors recognised as having the potential to increase risk of psychopathology mediate this. METHODS Participants in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (n = 452 dyads) were assessed using the Tyrer and Johnson model of PD severity. Severe PD was defined as antisocial PD plus at least one other PD from a different cluster. Original participants were assessed by interview and their offspring by screening questionnaire. Chi-square tests and mediation models were used to investigate the intergenerational continuity of PD severity and its relationship with psychosocial risk factors. RESULTS An association between severe PD in fathers and severe PD in their offspring was confirmed, regardless of whether the offspring were male or female. Whilst preliminary tests suggested that employment problems, poor parental supervision and family disruption we associated with severe PD in daughters, mediation analysis suggested that these variables had very little effect once severity of father's disorder was in the model. CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial risk factors appear to play a limited role in the intergenerational transmission of PD severity, although future studies should take account of interaction data, for example, quality and quantity of paternal interaction given a child's temperamental traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeremy W Coid
- West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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13
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Raffagnato A, Angelico C, Fasolato R, Sale E, Gatta M, Miscioscia M. Parental Bonding and Children's Psychopathology: A Transgenerational View Point. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:1012. [PMID: 34828725 PMCID: PMC8618782 DOI: 10.3390/children8111012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Literature confirmed parental bonding as one of key factors influencing offspring's psychopathology; the present study aimed to investigate, with a case-control study, the relationship between parental bonding and psychopathology in an Italian adolescent sample. The clinical sample was composed of 64 adolescents from 12 to 18 years old (Mage 15.00; S.D. 1.70) attending a Neuropsychiatric Unit of Veneto; the non-clinical sample was composed of 61 adolescents, from 13 to 18 years old (Mage 14.80; S.D. 1.32) attending middle and high school in the province of Padua and Pesaro (Italy); their parents (mothers and fathers) were also involved. In the study, self-reported tests were administered (Parental Bonding Instrument, Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self Report). Our study confirmed a correlation between parental bonding and adolescent psychopathology: dysfunctional parenting styles (characterized by low care and high control) were more frequent among cases in contrast to controls. An effect of gender also appeared. In the Italian adolescent clinical sample, parental bonding, especially low parental care, was correlated to the emergence of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Raffagnato
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (C.A.); (R.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Caterina Angelico
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (C.A.); (R.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Rachele Fasolato
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (C.A.); (R.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Eleonora Sale
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, ULSS6 Padua, 35143 Padua, Italy;
| | - Michela Gatta
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (C.A.); (R.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (C.A.); (R.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.)
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
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14
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Differential Impact of a Universal Prevention Program on Academic Self-Efficacy: the Moderating Role of Baseline Self-Control. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2021; 23:513-522. [PMID: 34714505 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-021-01315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Self-control (SC) plays a critical role in development across the life course; poor SC is a common antecedent of outcomes with high public health and societal burden including lower educational and occupational attainment, problem substance use, depression, obesity, and antisocial behavior. Further, SC is associated with academic self-efficacy and academic success; therefore, optimizing SC in early childhood could have long-term health and educational implications. However, it remains unknown whether the impact of early childhood prevention programs varies by baseline levels of SC, and whether better SC in early childhood leads to better self-efficacy in adolescence. This study leverages a sample of predominately low-/middle-income Black participants (n = 678) who were part of a randomized universal preventive trial in first grade (1993-1995). Teacher-reported SC was measured at baseline. Utilizing a three-step latent transition analysis, transitions between SC classes and academic self-efficacy trajectories were explored. Intervention status was explored as a predictor of the transition. Results suggest that teacher-rated SC in early childhood predicts academic self-efficacy up to 11 years later. Moderation analyses suggest that there are individual differences in prevention program effectiveness by baseline behavioral regulation skills. Implications for school-based universal prevention programming having an impact on low risk children and methods for exploring moderation within a prevention context are discussed.
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15
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The gendered relationship between maternal depression and adolescent internalizing symptoms. Soc Sci Med 2021; 291:114464. [PMID: 34666277 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is well-established that adolescents whose mothers are depressed are themselves more likely to experience internalizing symptoms (e.g., depressive and anxiety symptoms). Even as extensive work shows that internalizing symptoms are more prevalent among adolescent girls compared to boys, it is unclear if the maternal-offspring mental health relationship is gender-neutral or gender-specific: Does maternal depression act as an equalizing force for adolescents' risk of internalizing symptoms, or does it contribute to adolescent gender differences? This study analyzes whether adolescent gender moderates the association between maternal depression and adolescent internalizing symptoms using data from the Year-15 survey of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, which follows a cohort of children born in large U.S. cities, primarily to unmarried parents. This sample of 2159 primary caregiver mothers and adolescent offspring (ages 14-18 years) has numerous social risk factors for internalizing symptoms, affording the opportunity to carefully assess the possibly gendered nature of mother-adolescent linkages. Adjusted ordinary least squares regression models showed that maternal depression is associated with significantly higher adolescent depressive and anxiety symptoms. However, the relationship between maternal depression and adolescent internalizing symptoms is substantially larger for daughters compared to sons. The gendered nature of these concurrent mother-adolescent symptoms highlights the need to consider the effect of gender on other risk processes within families. Moreover, the strong clustering of internalizing symptoms among mothers and daughters highlights the value of prevention and treatment efforts that attend to adult and adolescent mental health simultaneously.
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16
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Nowland R, Thomson G, McNally L, Smith T, Whittaker K. Experiencing loneliness in parenthood: a scoping review. Perspect Public Health 2021; 141:214-225. [PMID: 34286652 PMCID: PMC8580382 DOI: 10.1177/17579139211018243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic loneliness is experienced by around a third of parents, but there is no comprehensive review into how, why and which parents experience loneliness. This scoping review aimed to provide insight into what is already known about parental loneliness and give directions for further applied and methodological research. METHODS Searches for peer-reviewed articles were undertaken in six databases: PsycINFO, Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus, during May 2019 to February 2020. We searched for English studies which examined loneliness experienced during parenthood, including studies that involved parents with children under 16 years and living at home and excluding studies on pregnancy, childbirth or postbirth hospital care. RESULTS From 2566 studies retrieved, 133 were included for analysis. Most studies (n = 80) examined the experience of loneliness in specific groups of parents, for example, teenage parents, parents of a disabled child. Other studies examined theoretical issues (n = 6) or health and wellbeing impacts on parents (n = 16) and their offspring (n = 17). There were 14 intervention studies with parents that measured loneliness as an outcome. Insights indicate that parental loneliness may be different to loneliness experienced in other cohorts. There is evidence that parental loneliness has direct and intergenerational impacts on parent and child mental health. Some parents (e.g. with children with chronic illness or disability, immigrant or ethnic minority parents) also appear to be at increased risk of loneliness although evidence is not conclusive. CONCLUSION This work has identified key gaps with further international, comparative and conceptual research needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nowland
- School of Community Health and Midwifery, University of Central Lancashire Brooke Building, Preston PR2 1HE, UK
| | - G Thomson
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - L McNally
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - T Smith
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - K Whittaker
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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17
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Girard LC. Concomitant Trajectories of Internalising, Externalising, and Peer Problems Across Childhood: a Person-centered Approach. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:1551-1565. [PMID: 34279766 PMCID: PMC8557151 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated trajectories of concomitant internalising, externalising, and peer problems, and associated risk factors for group-membership, using a person-centered approach to better understand heterogeneity in subgroups identified. A cohort of 7,507 children in Ireland was followed from infancy to late childhood (50.3%, males; 84.9% Irish). The parent-version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used when children were 3, 5, 7 and 9 years of age. Information on antecedent risk factors was collected when children were 9 months. Group-based multi-trajectory modelling and multinomial logistic regression were used. Six subgroups of children with distinct profiles were identified, evidencing both homotypic and heterotypic comorbidity. No support of a ‘pure’ internalising, externalising or peer problems group was found in any identified trajectory group. Difficulties in one problem domain indicated the presence of difficulty in another problem domain for all children in elevated groups. Risk factors associated with group-membership were complex, with only three common factors across elevated groups: prenatal exposure to smoking, maternal education, and maternal stress. Specific risk factors for group-membership included low birth weight, sex, maternal age, maternal depression, family composition, social class, medical card status and quality of attachment. Despite some overlap in predictors, the combination of predictors specific to each group would suggest tailored programming. For children with the most acute problems, programming targets should include families with boys, born with low birth weight, exposed to smoking prenatally, with mothers who have lower levels of education, postnatal depression, increased stress and fewer financial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Christine Girard
- School of Health in Social Science, Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, South Bridge, Edinburg, EH8 9YL, UK.
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18
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Auty KM, Farrington DP, Coid JW. Intergenerational transmission of personality disorder: general or disorder-specific? PSYCHOLOGY CRIME & LAW 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1068316x.2021.1941014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeremy W. Coid
- West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Neppl TK, Diggs ON, Cleveland MJ. The intergenerational transmission of harsh parenting, substance use, and emotional distress: Impact on the third-generation child. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2020; 34:852-863. [PMID: 31971428 PMCID: PMC8601593 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study evaluated the intergenerational transmission of harsh parenting, substance use, and emotional distress across generations and the association with child aggression. The study included 218 Generation 1 (G1) mothers and fathers, their adolescent (Generation 2; G2) who participated from middle adolescence through adulthood, and the 3rd-generation (G3) child between ages 3-5 years and 6-10 years. G1 behavior was examined when G2 was 16 and 18 years old; G2 alcohol problems and marijuana use were assessed when G2 was 19 and 21 years old. G2 emotional distress and harsh parenting were examined when the G3 child was between 3 and 5 years old. Finally, G3 aggression was assessed between 6 and 10 years old. Results showed continuity of G1 behavior when G2 was in adolescence to G2 behavior in adulthood. G1 alcohol problems and G1 harsh parenting were both associated with G3 aggression through G2 alcohol problems, G2 emotional distress, and G2 harsh parenting. Results suggest that G1 problem behavior as experienced by G2 adolescents in the family of origin plays an important role in G2 alcohol problems in emerging adulthood, which leads to G2 emotional distress and G2 harsh parenting in adulthood, which is related to G3 aggression in the early elementary school years. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia K Neppl
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University
| | - Olivia N Diggs
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University
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20
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Joushi S, Esmaeilpour K, Taherizadeh Z, Taheri F, Sheibani V. Intergenerational effects of maternal separation on cognitive abilities of adolescent rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:687-698. [DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Joushi
- Neuroscience Research Center Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Khadijeh Esmaeilpour
- Neuroscience Research Center Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Zahra Taherizadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Farahnaz Taheri
- Neuroscience Research Center Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
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21
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Adolescent and young adult mental health problems and infant offspring behavior: Findings from a prospective intergenerational cohort study. J Affect Disord 2020; 272:521-528. [PMID: 32553396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental depression and anxiety have been consistently linked to offspring behavior problems across childhood. However, many of the risks for these common mental health problems are established well before pregnancy. This study takes advantage of rare, prospective data to examine relations between parental mental health histories (from adolescence onwards) and next generation offspring behavior problems. METHODS Data were drawn from a multi-generational cohort study that has followed Australians from infancy to adulthood since 1983, and 1171 of their offspring assessed prospectively from pregnancy. Generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate associations between parents' depression/anxiety symptoms in adolescence and young adulthood and offspring behavior problems at 1 year. RESULTS In analyses of 648 mother-infant and 423 father-infant dyads, after adjustment for confounders and concurrent mental health problems, mean behavior problem scores in infants of mothers with a history of mental health problems in both adolescence and young adulthood were over half a standard deviation higher than those of mothers without problems during these periods, B = 2.19, 95% CI 1.21 - 3.17, β = 0.52. No association was observed for fathers. LIMITATIONS We only included infants born to participants aged 29-35 years and we assessed behavior problems via parent-report. CONCLUSIONS A mother's history of persistent depression and anxiety from adolescence to young adulthood can predict higher levels of behavior problems in her infant. Findings support calls for greater policy and prevention focus on preconception and postnatal mental health, particularly a mother's early emotional health history, prior to parenthood.
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22
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Blaauw E, Doddema B, de Vogel V, Bogaerts S. Recidivism and predictors of recidivism among female high level persistent offenders after a special court order for persistent offenders in the Netherlands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2020; 68:101538. [PMID: 32033702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2019.101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that female persistent offenders have multiple psychiatric and psychosocial problems, such as substance use disorders, other mental disorders, financial problems and housing problems. The present study examined recidivism and predictors of recidivism in a sample of 74 Dutch female high level persistent offenders who had been subjected to a special court order for persistent offenders, called ISD [Inrichting Stelselmatige Daders]. The criminal records were studied to gain insight in the criminal charges against women after release from the ISD. Results showed that 43% of the persistent female offenders had registered justice contacts within one year after release, of which the majority concerned non-violent property offences. However, the number of offences was found to be significantly reduced after their release. No offence-related, demographic, substance-related, psychiatric or personal history characteristics were found to be predictive for general recidivism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Blaauw
- Verslavingszorg Noord Nederland and Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Verslavingszorg Noord Nederland, P.O. Box 1024, 9701 BA Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Vivienne de Vogel
- Research Department, De Forensische Zorgspecialisten and University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Padualaan, 101 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Stefan Bogaerts
- Tilburg University, Department of Developmental Psychology and Fivoor Science & Treatment Innovation, Department of Developmental Psychology, Simon Building Room S319, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, the Netherlands.
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23
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Vismara L, Sechi C, Lucarelli L. Fathers’ and mothers’ depressive symptoms: internalizing/externalizing problems and dissociative experiences in their adolescent offspring. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Alese OO, Mabandla MV. Transgenerational deep sequencing revealed hypermethylation of hippocampal mGluR1 gene with altered mRNA expression of mGluR5 and mGluR3 associated with behavioral changes in Sprague Dawley rats with history of prolonged febrile seizure. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225034. [PMID: 31710636 PMCID: PMC6844483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of febrile seizure has been shown to transcend immediate generation with the alteration of glutamatergic pathway being implicated. However, transgenerational effects of this neurological disorder particularly prolonged febrile seizure (PFS) on neurobehavioral study and methylation profile is unknown. We therefore hypothesized that transgenerational impact of prolonged febrile seizure is dependent on methylation of hippocampal mGluR1 gene. Prolonged febrile seizure was induced on post-natal day (PND) 14, by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 217μg/kg ip) and kainic acid (KA; 1.83 mg/kg ip). Sucrose preference test (SPT) and Forced swim test (FST) were carried out in the first generation (F0) of animals at PND37 and PND60. The F0 rats were decapitated at PND 14, 37 and 60 which corresponded to childhood, adolescent and adulthood respectively and their hippocampal tissue collected. The second generation (F1) rats were obtained by mating F0 generation at PND 60 across different groups, F1 rats were subjected to SPT and FST test on PND 37 only. Decapitation of F1rats and collection of hippocampal tissues were done on PND 14 and 37. Assessment of mGluR5 and mGluR3 mRNA was done with PCR while mGluR1 methylation profile was assessed with the Quantitative MassARRAY analysis. Results showed that PFS significantly leads to decreased sucrose consumption in the SPT and increased immobility time in the FST in both generations of rats. It also leads to significant decrease in mGluR5 mRNA expression with a resultant increased expression of mGluR3 mRNA expression and hypermethylation of mGluR1 gene across both generations of rats. This study suggested that PFS led to behavioral changes which could be transmitted on to the next generation in rats.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Behavior, Animal
- DNA Methylation/genetics
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Immobilization
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5/genetics
- Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5/metabolism
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/genetics
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/metabolism
- Seizures, Febrile/genetics
- Sucrose
- Swimming
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwole Ojo Alese
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Musa V. Mabandla
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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25
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Whitten T, Laurens KR, Tzoumakis S, Kaggodaarachchi S, Green MJ, Harris F, Carr VJ, Dean K. The influence of parental offending on the continuity and discontinuity of children's internalizing and externalizing difficulties from early to middle childhood. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:965-975. [PMID: 30756149 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-019-01670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although parental criminal offending is a recognized risk factor for conduct problems among offspring, its impact on the continuity and discontinuity of children's behavioural and emotional difficulties during the early development is less well known. We used data from a large, population-based record-linkage project to examine the relationship between parental offending and the continuity and discontinuity of children's conduct, attentional, and emotional difficulties from early to middle childhood while also considering the role of timing of the parental offending exposure. METHOD Data for 19,208 children and their parents were drawn from the New South Wales Child Development Study. Multinomial regression analyses tested associations between mother's and father's history and timing of any and violent offending, and patterns of continuity or discontinuity in offspring emotional, conduct, and attentional difficulties between ages 5 and 11 years. RESULTS Maternal and paternal offending each conferred a significantly increased risk of all the patterns of developmental difficulties, including those limited to age 5 only (remitting problems), to age 11 only (incident problems), and to difficulties present at both ages 5 and 11 years (persisting problems). Greatest odds were observed for persisting conduct problems. Paternal offending that continued through early and middle childhood had the greatest association with child difficulties, while the timing of maternal offending had a less prominent effect on child developmental difficulties. CONCLUSION Parental offending is a strong risk factor for early and pervasive behavioural and emotional problems in offspring, and may be a key indicator of high risk for later antisocial behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson Whitten
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kristin R Laurens
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stacy Tzoumakis
- School of Social Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Melissa J Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Felicity Harris
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vaughan J Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kimberlie Dean
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, Matraville, NSW, Australia
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Testing the cycle of maltreatment hypothesis: Meta-analytic evidence of the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:23-51. [PMID: 30757994 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418001700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It has long been claimed that "maltreatment begets maltreatment," that is, a parent's history of maltreatment increases the risk that his or her child will also suffer maltreatment. However, significant methodological concerns have been raised regarding evidence supporting this assertion, with some arguing that the association weakens in samples with higher methodological rigor. In the current study, the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment hypothesis is examined in 142 studies (149 samples; 227,918 dyads) that underwent a methodological quality review, as well as data extraction on a number of potential moderator variables. Results reveal a modest association of intergenerational maltreatment (k = 80; d = 0.45, 95% confidence interval; CI [0.37, 0.54]). Support for the intergenerational transmission of specific maltreatment types was also observed (neglect: k = 13, d = 0.24, 95% CI [0.11, 0.37]; physical abuse: k = 61, d = 0.41, 95% CI [0.33, 0.49]; emotional abuse: k = 18, d = 0.57, 95% CI [0.43, 0.71]; sexual abuse: k = 18, d = 0.39, 95% CI [0.24, 0.55]). Methodological quality only emerged as a significant moderator of the intergenerational transmission of physical abuse, with a weakening of effect sizes as methodological rigor increased. Evidence from this meta-analysis confirms the cycle of maltreatment hypothesis, although effect sizes were modest. Future research should focus on deepening understanding of mechanisms of transmission, as well as identifying protective factors that can effectively break the cycle of maltreatment.
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Ancestral Stress Alters Lifetime Mental Health Trajectories and Cortical Neuromorphology via Epigenetic Regulation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6389. [PMID: 31011159 PMCID: PMC6476877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42691-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiences during early development are powerful determinants of lifetime mental health. Here we investigated if ancestral stress regulates the brain’s epigenetic memory to alter neuromorphology and emotionality in the remote F4 progeny. Pregnant female rat dams of the parental F0 generation were exposed to stress on gestational days 12–18. To generate a transgenerational stress lineage, their pregnant daughters (F1), grand-daughters (F2) and great-grand-daughters (F3) remained undisturbed. To generate a multigenerational stress lineage, pregnant dams of each generation (F1–F3) were stressed. A lineage of non-stress controls (F0–F3) was also produced. Multigenerational stress exceeded the impact of transgenerational stress by increasing anxiety-like behaviours and stress response in young and middle-aged F4 males but not females. Functional changes were accompanied by reduced spine density in the male medial prefrontal cortex with opposite effects in the orbital frontal cortex. Ancestral stress regulated cortical miR-221 and miR-26 expression and their target genes, thus downregulating ntrk2 and map1a genes in males while downregulating crh and upregulating map1a genes in females. These miRNA-dependent pathways are candidates for developmental programming of lifetime mental health. Thus, multigenerational stress in particular determines sexually dimorphic predisposition to stress vulnerability and generates a phenotype resembling symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder.
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28
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Dai YJ, Wu DC, Feng B, Chen B, Tang YS, Jin MM, Zhao HW, Dai HB, Wang Y, Chen Z. Prolonged febrile seizures induce inheritable memory deficits in rats through DNA methylation. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:601-611. [PMID: 30666786 PMCID: PMC6488897 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Febrile seizures (FSs) are the most common types of seizures in young children. However, little is known whether the memory deficits induced by early‐life FSs could transmit across generations or not. Methods The memory functions of different generations of FS rats were behaviorally evaluated by morris water maze, inhibitory avoidance task, and contextual fear conditioning task. Meanwhile, molecular biology and pharmacological methods were used to investigate the role of DNA methylation in transgenerational transmission of memory defects. Results Prolonged FSs in infant rats resulted in memory deficits in adult and transgenerationally transmitted to next generation, which was mainly through mothers. For these two generations, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 was upregulated, leading to transcriptional inhibition of the synaptic plasticity protein reelin but not the memory suppressor protein phosphatase 1. DNMT inhibitors prevented the high expression of DNMT1 and hypermethylation of reelin gene and reversed the transgenerationally memory deficits. In addition, enriched environment in juvenile rats rescued memory deficits induced by prolonged FSs. Conclusions Our study demonstrated early experience of prolonged FSs led to memory deficits in adult rats and their unaffected offspring, which involved epigenetic mechanisms, suggesting early environmental experiences had a significant impact on the transgenerational transmission of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jian Dai
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deng-Chang Wu
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang-Shun Tang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao-Miao Jin
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Wei Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Children's hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Bin Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Kerr DCR, Gini G, Owen LD, Capaldi DM. Peer teasing experiences of fathers and their children: Intergenerational associations and transmission mechanisms. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 86:33-44. [PMID: 30261364 PMCID: PMC6289712 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Being the victim or perpetrator of peer teasing threatens children's immediate and long-term well-being. Given that many individual and contextual risk factors for peer victimization are transmitted within families, we tested whether fathers' childhood victimization experiences were directly or indirectly (via poor parenting and poor child adjustment) associated with their children's increased risk for similar experiences. Generation two (G2) fathers (n = 130) who had been assessed since age 9 years participated in an intergenerational study with their 268 G3 children and the 163 G2 mothers of these children. Peer teasing ratings were collected annually from G1 mothers, fathers, and teachers across G2 ages 9-16 years, and from the same three informant types across the same ages for G3 children. Also assessed was G2 fathers' poor parenting of G3 at ages 3-7 years and G3 poor adjustment (externalizing and internalizing behaviors, deviant peer association, low social competence) and body mass index (BMI) at ages 7-16 years. Models supported intergenerational stability in being teased that was partially mediated through G2 fathers' poor parenting and G3 poor adjustment. A direct intergenerational path in being teased remained significant, and G3 BMI uniquely predicted being teased. Childhood peer victimization is perpetuated across generations. Prevention aimed at poor parenting, child poor adjustment, and peer victimization itself may disrupt intergenerational stability in these adverse experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C R Kerr
- Oregon Social Learning Center, United States; Oregon State University, United States.
| | | | - Lee D Owen
- Oregon Social Learning Center, United States
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Arroyo A, Segrin C, Andersen KK. Examining the Role of Expressed Emotion in the Intergenerational Transmission of Mental Health Problems. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2018.37.10.812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to test a model of the intergenerational transmission of mental health problems (indicated by depression, anxiety, and loneliness) in which expressed emotion (indicated by criticism and emotional involvement) was specified as a mediator of mental health problems over multiple family generations. Method: The sample consisted of three generations of grandmothers, mothers, and daughters (N = 242 family triads), wherein participants completed online surveys in which they self-reported on their own mental health problems and perceptions of their mothers’ expressed emotion. Results: Results revealed only modest evidence of direct effects for the intergenerational transmission of mental health problems. However, there were a number of significant indirect effects, with all of these effects occurring through the criticism component of expressed emotion. Discussion: This research identified expressed emotion as both a risk factor for offspring's mental health problems as well as a behavior typical of parents with mental health problems. Specifically, the results revealed that mental health problems are intergenerationally transmitted via critical parent-child interactions.
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Rochat TJ, Houle B, Stein A, Pearson RM, Bland RM. Prevalence and risk factors for child mental disorders in a population-based cohort of HIV-exposed and unexposed African children aged 7-11 years. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 27:1607-1620. [PMID: 29680970 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite being home to a large population of vulnerable children there is a dearth of population-based evidence on childhood mental disorders in sub-Saharan Africa. Parent and child mental health are rarely measured concurrently, despite potential for confounding with other risk factors, including parental HIV. Using the parent-report Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) we assessed children's mental health in a population-based cohort of 1536 HIV-negative children (31% HIV-exposed, 18% HIV-affected, 51% HIV-unexposed) aged 7-11 years. CBCL was scored using CBCL Rating-to-Score software. A binary indicator was determined using the clinical threshold ≥ 65. We modelled mental disorders using logistic regression, including covariates associated with the mother, child, household, and parenting. Structural equation modelling techniques also derived continuous latent variables representing the underlying mental health and parent-relationship constructs. Prevalence of conduct disorders (11.8%) was high, regardless of HIV exposure, while HIV-affected children had increased odds of affective disorders. Maternal depression increased odds of externalising disorders; maternal anxiety was associated with affective and anxiety disorders. Mother-child relationship dysfunction increased odds of all disorders, including: affective [aOR = 5.1 (2.6-9.9)]; oppositional [aOR = 7.9 (4.0-15.5)]; conduct [aOR = 4.3 (2.6-7.2)] disorders. Food insecurity and male gender increased odds of somatic disorders; breastfeeding halved odds of conduct disorders. In the latent model, associations were substantially stronger for the mother-child relationship and externalising disorders (Oppositional 0.464 p < 0.001; Conduct 0.474 p = <0.001). Conduct disorders were high for all children regardless of HIV exposure. The mother-child relationship was strongly related to all child disorders, suggesting potential for concurrent interventions targeting child behaviours and the parent-child or mother-child relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsen J Rochat
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa.
- Human and Social Development Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa.
- MRC/Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Brian Houle
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Demography, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- CU Population Center, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Alan Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rebecca M Pearson
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol University, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Ruth M Bland
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Royal Hospital for Sick Children and Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Tzoumakis S, Carr VJ, Dean K, Laurens KR, Kariuki M, Harris F, Green MJ. Prenatal maternal smoking, maternal offending, and offspring behavioural and cognitive outcomes in early childhood. CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH : CBMH 2018; 28:397-408. [PMID: 30256470 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal smoking during pregnancy and parental offending are both linked to adverse offspring outcomes. Few studies have examined how these exposures together influence diverse offspring outcomes in early childhood. AIMS To examine associations between quantity of prenatal maternal smoking and frequency of maternal offending and offspring behavioural and cognitive outcomes at age 5 years. METHODS Over 66,000 Australian children (mean age 5.6 years) were drawn from an intergenerational data linkage study. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions were conducted for the two key exposures (maternal prenatal smoking and mother having at least two criminal convictions) and offspring behavioural and cognitive vulnerabilities. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were also estimated for each outcome for the two exposures. RESULTS Prenatal smoking and maternal offending were, separately and together, associated with most of the developmental vulnerabilities examined, even after adjusting for other familial and prenatal risk factors. PAFs for prenatal smoking ranged from 5.3% to 15.8%, and PAFs for maternal offending ranged from 3.4% to 11.8% across the offspring outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal offending were uniquely associated with a range of offspring vulnerabilities, but mothers who smoked during pregnancy tended to experience multiple problems that should also be considered as indicators of child vulnerabilities. While early behavioural difficulties were evident in these children, it was striking that they were also likely to have cognitive vulnerabilities. Early intervention to support cognitive development in these children may minimise their risk of academic underachievement, long-term disadvantage, and even offending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Tzoumakis
- School of Social Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vaughan J Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kimberlie Dean
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristin R Laurens
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Banyo, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maina Kariuki
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Felicity Harris
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melissa J Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
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Using an adoption-biological family design to examine associations between maternal trauma, maternal depressive symptoms, and child internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Dev Psychopathol 2018; 29:1707-1720. [PMID: 29162177 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417001341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Maternal trauma is a complex risk factor that has been linked to adverse child outcomes, yet the mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. This study, which included adoptive and biological families, examined the heritable and environmental mechanisms by which maternal trauma and associated depressive symptoms are linked to child internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Path analyses were used to analyze data from 541 adoptive mother-adopted child (AM-AC) dyads and 126 biological mother-biological child (BM-BC) dyads; the two family types were linked through the same biological mother. Rearing mother's trauma was associated with child internalizing and externalizing behaviors in AM-AC and BM-BC dyads, and this association was mediated by rearing mothers' depressive symptoms, with the exception of biological child externalizing behavior, for which biological mother trauma had a direct influence only. Significant associations between maternal trauma and child behavior in dyads that share only environment (i.e., AM-AC dyads) suggest an environmental mechanism of influence for maternal trauma. Significant associations were also observed between maternal depressive symptoms and child internalizing and externalizing behavior in dyads that were only genetically related, with no shared environment (i.e., BM-AC dyads), suggesting a heritable pathway of influence via maternal depressive symptoms.
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Making the hidden seen: A narrative analysis of the experiences of Assumption of Care at birth. Women Birth 2018; 32:e1-e11. [PMID: 29716826 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being involved in any child protection system is complex and multifaceted and none more so than in non-voluntary Assumption of Care which occurs in New South Wales when, for child protection concerns, the Department of Family and Community Services removes a newborn baby from her/his mother. OBJECTIVE This research studied childbearing women's and professionals' experiences of Assumption of Care at birth to increase understanding of individual participants' stories, how they made sense of meanings and how these experiences framed their lives. METHOD A narrative inquiry framework guided interviews with four groups: childbearing women, midwives, social workers and Family and Community Services case managers. Holistic form was used for reading, interpreting and analysing the narratives. FINDINGS This research found unwanted emotional (isolation, shame, guilt, loss, disenfranchised grief) and physical consequences (depression, substance abuse complications) for women experiencing an Assumption of Care at the time of birth. There were also conflicting ethical and moral positions for the professionals involved. The use/abuse of power, concealment of facts and disenfranchised grief were identified as intertwined plots that caused or increased tensions. DISCUSSION Both the women and the professionals felt pressure from trying to achieve competing and overlapping roles. The unwanted effects of Assumption of Care are exacerbated by the current child protection and maternity care systems. CONCLUSION To address the tensions raised in this study, we suggest a two-fold change to maternity care for women at risk of an Assumption of Care: a therapeutic justice model of maternity care and continuity of midwifery care with a dedicated midwife. Introducing these changes could increase women's and children's safety and wellbeing.
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Mitani S, Amano I, Takatsuru Y. High prolactin concentration during lactation period induced disorders of maternal behavioral in offspring. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 88:129-135. [PMID: 29253704 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Early-life stress during the perinatal period induces several neuropsychological disorders in adulthood. In animal studies, early-life stress during the perinatal period induces not only behavioral disorders but also other neurofunctional disorders, such as somatosensory functional disorder in adulthood. Furthermore, the offspring of an early-life-stressed parent also show disturbance of brain function in humans. Behavioral and neurological alterations in the offspring of a stressed parent have also been shown in animal studies. However, the mechanisms underlying such behavioral/neurological alterations are not yet fully understood. In this study, we found a disorder of maternal behavior in the offspring of early-life-stressed mothers. The stressed mothers showed high concentrations of serum prolactin (PRL) during pregnancy and lactation. The concentration on the day of weaning the offspring significantly correlated with the changes in the concentration of corticosterone and the neurological function of offspring. These findings indicate that PRL may be involved in the induction of transgenerational effects of early-life stress on the brain function of offspring. In addition, maternal PRL can be a good biomarker for predicting the potential risk of neurofunctional alterations in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Mitani
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Izuki Amano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takatsuru
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
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36
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Charles P, Gorman-Smith D, Schoeny M, Sudec L, Tolan P, Henry D. Fathers' Criminal Behavior and Involvement With Children: The Moderating Role of Family Relationships. JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR SOCIAL WORK AND RESEARCH 2018; 9:131-157. [PMID: 30338029 PMCID: PMC6188635 DOI: 10.1086/695386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research indicates that fathers' criminal behavior can be problematic for children through multiple pathways, yet few studies have examined the effect of fathers' kinship networks in this process. This study examines the association between fathers' criminal behavior and involvement with their children and the extent to which a father's relationships with individuals in his extended family network moderate this association. METHOD Hierarchical linear modeling was used to predict fathers' involvement using data from a longitudinal intergenerational study of 335 children and 149 low-income, minority fathers. Measures included 8 father-involvement outcomes, a measure of fathers' criminal behavior, and 2 moderator variables. RESULTS High-quality relationships between fathers and their male relatives moderated the negative effect of criminal behavior on measures of fathers' involvement. Criminal behavior was only associated with decreasing levels of father involvement when fathers had low-quality relationships with male relatives. CONCLUSIONS Strong and affirmative relationships-with male relatives specifically-may attenuate the adverse effects of antisocial and criminal behavior on fathers' involvement in at-risk families. Implications for tailoring practice to improve relationships between fathers and male relatives and to enhance fathers' prosocial involvement are noted.
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Gardner F, Leijten P, Mann J, Landau S, Harris V, Beecham J, Bonin EM, Hutchings J, Scott S. Could scale-up of parenting programmes improve child disruptive behaviour and reduce social inequalities? Using individual participant data meta-analysis to establish for whom programmes are effective and cost-effective. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3310/phr05100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundChild disruptive behavioural problems are a large and costly public health problem. The Incredible Years®(IY) parenting programme has been disseminated across the UK to prevent this problem and shown to be effective in several trials. It is vital for policy to know for which families IY is most effective, to be sure that it helps reduce, rather than widen, socioeconomic inequalities. Individual trials lack power and generalisability to examine differential effects; conventional meta-analysis lacks information about within-trial variability in effects.ObjectivesTo overcome these limitations by pooling individual-level data from the IY parenting trials in Europe to examine to what extent it benefits socially disadvantaged families. Secondary objectives examine (1) additional moderators of effects on child behaviour, (2) wider health benefits and potential harms and (3) costs, cost-effectiveness and potential long-term savings.DesignIndividual participant data meta-analysis of 14 randomised trials of the IY parenting intervention.SettingsUK (eight trials), the Netherlands, Ireland, Norway, Sweden and Portugal.ParticipantsData were from 1799 families, with children aged 2–10 years (mean 5.1 years; 63% boys).InterventionsIY Basic parenting programme.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome was disruptive child behaviour, determined by the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory Intensity scale (ECBI-I). Secondary outcomes included self-reported parenting practices, parenting stress, mental health, children’s attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and emotional symptoms.ResultsThere were no differential effects of IY on disruptive behaviour in families with different levels of social/socioeconomic disadvantage or differential effects for ethnic minority families, families with different parenting styles, or for children with comorbid ADHD or emotional problems or of different ages. Some moderators were found: intervention effects were strongest in children with more severe baseline disruptive behaviour, in boys, and in children with parents who were more depressed. Wider health benefits included reduced child ADHD symptoms, greater parental use of praise, and reduced harsh and inconsistent discipline. The intervention did not improve parental depression, stress, self-efficacy or children’s emotional problems. Economic data were available for five UK and Ireland trials (maximumn = 608). The average cost per person of the IY intervention was £2414. The probability that the IY intervention is considered cost-effective is 99% at a willingness to pay of £145 per 1-point improvement on the ECBI-I. Estimated longer-term savings over 20 years range from £1000 to £8400 per child, probably offsetting the cost of the intervention.LimitationsLimitations include a focus on one parenting programme; the need to make assumptions in harmonising data; and the fact that data addressed equalities in the effectiveness of, not access to, the intervention.ConclusionsThere is no evidence that the benefits of the IY parenting intervention are reduced in disadvantaged or minority families; benefits are greater in the most distressed families, including parents who are depressed. Thus, the intervention is unlikely to widen socioeconomic inequalities in disruptive behaviour and may have effects in narrowing inequalities due to parent depression. It was as likely to be effective for older as for younger children. It has wider benefits for ADHD and parenting and is likely to be considered to be cost-effective. Researchers/funders should encourage data sharing to test equity and other moderator questions for other interventions; further research is needed on enhancing equality of access to interventions.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Gardner
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, Centre for Evidence-based Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Patty Leijten
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, Centre for Evidence-based Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joanna Mann
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, Centre for Evidence-based Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sabine Landau
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Harris
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Beecham
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Eva-Maria Bonin
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | | | - Stephen Scott
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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Augustyn MB, Ward JT, Krohn MD. Exploring Intergenerational Continuity in Gang Membership. JOURNAL OF CRIME AND JUSTICE 2017; 40:252-274. [PMID: 29170595 PMCID: PMC5695689 DOI: 10.1080/0735648x.2017.1337556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Little is known regarding intergenerational continuity in gang membership. Qualitative literature is suggestive of intergenerational parallelism yet no known research examines the causal mechanisms associated with this cycle, if it even exists. Prospective, longitudinal data from the Rochester Youth Development Study (RYDS) and the Rochester Intergenerational Study (RIGS) assess intergenerational continuity in gang membership among 371 parent-child dyads in a series of logistic regressions accounting for moderating influences of parent sex, child sex, parent-child sex combinations, and level of contact. Path analyses reported herein explore whether parenting behaviors mediate the relationship between parent and child gang membership among fathers and mothers, respectively. Three key findings emerge. First, intergenerational continuity in gang membership exists between mothers and daughters and, conditional on contact, between fathers and sons. Second, maltreatment mediates some of this relationship among father-son dyads. Third, no pathways to daughter gang membership were identified among mothers. In sum, this study provides evidence of intergenerational continuity in gang membership and further highlights the importance of parent sex, child sex, and level of contact in intergenerational research. Future research should further explore the causal pathways between parent and child gang membership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Bears Augustyn
- Department of Criminal Justice, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 501 W. Cesar Chavez Blvd. San Antonio, Texas 78207
| | - Jeffrey T Ward
- Temple University, Department of Criminal Justice, 1115 Polett Walk, 527 Gladfelter Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19122
| | - Marvin D Krohn
- University of Florida, Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law, 3219 Turlington Hall, P.O. Box 117330, Gainesville, FL 32611
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Laurens KR, Tzoumakis S, Kariuki M, Green MJ, Hamde M, Harris F, Carr VJ, Dean K. Pervasive influence of maternal and paternal criminal offending on early childhood development: a population data linkage study. Psychol Med 2017; 47:889-901. [PMID: 27894371 PMCID: PMC5341495 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716003007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental criminal offending is an established risk factor for offending among offspring, but little evidence is available indicating the impact of offending on early childhood functioning. We used data from a large Australian population cohort to determine associations between exposure to parental offending and a range of developmental outcomes at age 5 years. METHOD Multi-generation data in 66 477 children and their parents from the New South Wales Child Development Study were combined using data linkage. Logistic and multinomial regressions tested associations between any and violent offending histories of parents (fathers, mothers, or both parents) obtained from official records, and multiple measures of early childhood developmental functioning (social, emotional-behavioural, cognitive, communication and physical domains) obtained from the teacher-reported 2009 Australian Early Development Census. RESULTS Parental offending conferred significantly increased risk of vulnerability on all domains, particularly the cognitive domain. Greater risk magnitudes were observed for offending by both parents and by mothers than by fathers, and for violent than for any offending. For all parental offending exposures, vulnerability on multiple domains (where medium to large effects were observed) was more likely than on a single domain (small to medium effects). Relationships remained significant and of comparable magnitude following adjustment for sociodemographic covariates. CONCLUSIONS The effect of parental offending on early childhood developmental outcomes is pervasive, with the strongest effects on functioning apparent when both parents engage in violent offending. Supporting affected families in early childhood might mitigate both early developmental vulnerability and the propensity for later delinquency among these offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. R. Laurens
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - S. Tzoumakis
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - M. Kariuki
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - M. J. Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - M. Hamde
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - F. Harris
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - V. J. Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K. Dean
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- Justice Health & Forensic Mental Health Network, Matraville, NSW, Australia
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40
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Wu D, Feng B, Dai Y, Wu X, Chen B, Xu C, Tang Y, Wang K, Zhang S, Wang S, Luo B, Chen Z. Intergenerational Transmission of Enhanced Seizure Susceptibility after Febrile Seizures. EBioMedicine 2017; 17:206-215. [PMID: 28202230 PMCID: PMC5360568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposure early in development plays a role in susceptibility to disease in later life. Here, we demonstrate that prolonged febrile seizures induced by exposure of rat pups to a hyperthermic environment enhance seizure susceptibility not only in these hyperthermia-treated rats but also in their future offspring, even if the offspring never experience febrile seizures. This transgenerational transmission was intensity-dependent and was mainly from mothers to their offspring. The transmission was associated with DNA methylation. Thus, our study supports a "Lamarckian"-like mechanism of pathogenesis and the crucial role of epigenetic factors in neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengchang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Neurology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunjian Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cenglin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yangshun Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shihong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Benyan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China..
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Henry KL, Augustyn MB. Intergenerational Continuity in Cannabis Use: The Role of Parent's Early Onset and Lifetime Disorder on Child's Early Onset. J Adolesc Health 2017; 60:87-92. [PMID: 27838235 PMCID: PMC5333989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Children's early onset of cannabis use was examined as a function of their parent's early onset of cannabis and subsequent incidence of a lifetime cannabis abuse or dependence disorder. METHODS Prospective, longitudinal data from the Rochester Youth Development Study and the Rochester Intergenerational Study for 442 parent-child dyads (274 father-child, 168 mother-child) were used. The children were evenly split by sex. Logistic regression models and a path analysis were estimated to assess the effect of parent's cannabis use on child's onset of cannabis by age 15. RESULTS Fathers who began using cannabis by age 15 were more likely to meet the criteria for a lifetime cannabis disorder (odds ratio = 5.66, 95% confidence interval = 1.89-16.90). The offspring of fathers who met the criteria for a disorder had higher odds of early initiation of cannabis use (odds ratio = 9.70, 95% confidence interval = 3.00-31.34). Early-onset cannabis use by father was indirectly associated with their child's onset of cannabis use via father's lifetime cannabis disorder. No significant effects for mothers were observed, although analyses were limited due to the low rate of mothers who met the criteria for a lifetime cannabis disorder. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of intergenerational continuity in cannabis use among fathers and their children and confirms the need to consider timing of use and intervening mechanisms in the study of continuity in cannabis use across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Henry
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.
| | - Megan B Augustyn
- Department of Criminal Justice, College of Public Policy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Ji Y. Gender differences in the pathways of family factors influencing children's oral health behaviours: a cross-sectional study of primary school students in Beijing, China. Acta Odontol Scand 2016; 74:570-575. [PMID: 27565722 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2016.1223339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research on what family factors influence children's oral health behaviours (COHB) in developing countries is limited, and there have been no path analyses accounting for gender differences in these factors. Thus, our study evaluated gender differences in COHB including the influencing pathways of family factors in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS Through multistage cluster sampling, 915 pairs of mothers and children from six public elementary schools in Beijing completed self-administered questionnaires regarding COHB, parents' modelling behaviours (PMB), parents' controlling behaviours (PCB), parents' oral health knowledge and attitudes (PKA), and children's oral health knowledge and attitudes (CKA). The influencing factors were analysed using path analysis. RESULTS Compared with boys, girls showed significantly better performance in drinking less carbonated drinks regularly (8.6% vs. 16.9%). For both genders, PMB shad a significant direct influence on COHB, while PKA had an indirect influence through PMB. In the boys' model, PKA indirectly influenced COHB through CKA. In the girls' model, socioeconomic status had a positive direct effect on COHB. CONCLUSIONS The gender differences were not as large as expected. Given that slightly different influential factors for COHB exist between boys and girls, interventions should take note of the similarities and differences in pathways.
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43
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Han ZR, Lei X, Qian J, Li P, Wang H, Zhang X. Parent and child psychopathological symptoms: the mediating role of parental emotion dysregulation. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2016; 21:161-168. [PMID: 32680355 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental psychopathological symptoms have been associated with a number of child psychological problems, yet little research has examined the role of parental emotion dysregulation on the intergenerational transmission of psychopathological symptoms. This study aims to examine the relationship between parents' and children's psychopathological symptoms with a focus on the mediating mechanism of parental emotion dysregulation on these relationships. METHODS Eighty-nine Chinese parents and their school-age children between the ages of 7 and 12 (49 males, M age = 8.79, SD = 1.81) participated in the study. In the initial phase of the study, parents filled out a series of questionnaires reporting their own psychopathological symptoms via SCL-90 and difficulties with emotion regulation via Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. After 9 months, the parents reported their children's internalizing and externalizing problems via Child Behavior Checklist, and the children self-reported anxiety symptoms via Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders in the second phase of the study. RESULTS The results showed that parental emotion dysregulation played an important role as a mediator of the relationship between parental psychopathological symptoms and child internalizing problems and separation anxiety, which indicates that parents' mental health problems were significantly associated with their difficulties with emotion regulation, which in turn led to more internalizing problems and separation anxiety in their children. However, we did not find a mediating effect of parental emotion dysregulation on the links between parent psychopathology and child externalizing problems or other types of self-reported anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlighted the importance of implementing more psycho-education programs that specifically target parents' emotion regulation abilities in both community and clinical settings to ameliorate the intergenerational transmission of psychopathological symptoms between generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Rachel Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xuemei Lei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Outer Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Peipei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xutong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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44
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Callaghan BL, Cowan CSM, Richardson R. Treating Generational Stress. Psychol Sci 2016; 27:1171-80. [DOI: 10.1177/0956797616653103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget L. Callaghan
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne
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45
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Langenhof MR, Komdeur J, Oldehinkel AJ. Effects of parenting quality on adolescents' personality resemblance to their parents. The TRAILS study. J Adolesc 2016; 51:163-75. [PMID: 27400032 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study considers the development of resemblance between 741 adolescents and their biological parents, across six NEO-PI-R personality traits known to be important in psychological problems: anger-hostility, impulsiveness, vulnerability, assertiveness, excitement-seeking, and self-discipline. We modelled the association between perceived parental warmth and rejection at age eleven and personality resemblance to parents at about age sixteen. Parenting experienced during early adolescence was related to the degree and direction in which adolescents resembled their parents five years later in life. Rejection, especially from fathers, significantly predicted a smaller resemblance to both the parents. Girls were more strongly affected by parental quality than boys, and there was some indication that adolescents responded in opposite ways to parenting from mothers and fathers. This study is a first step in uncovering the complex interplay between parenting, gender, and the current generation's ability to develop personality traits independent from the previous generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rohaa Langenhof
- Behavioural Ecology and Self Organisation, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE) and Graduate School Medical Sciences, CC72, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Komdeur
- Behavioural Ecology and Self Organisation, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE) and Graduate School Medical Sciences, CC72, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Polygenic score × intervention moderation: an application of discrete-time survival analysis to modeling the timing of first tobacco use among urban youth. Dev Psychopathol 2016; 27:111-22. [PMID: 25640834 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579414001333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines the interaction between a polygenic score and an elementary school-based universal preventive intervention trial. The polygenic score reflects the contribution of multiple genes and has been shown in prior research to be predictive of smoking cessation and tobacco use (Uhl et al., 2014). Using data from a longitudinal preventive intervention study, we examined age of first tobacco use from sixth grade to age 18. Genetic data were collected during emerging adulthood and were genotyped using the Affymetrix 6.0 microarray. The polygenic score was computed using these data. Discrete-time survival analysis was employed to test for intervention main and interaction effects with the polygenic score. We found a main effect of the intervention, with the intervention participants reporting their first cigarette smoked at an age significantly later than controls. We also found an Intervention × Polygenic Score interaction, with participants at the higher end of the polygenic score benefitting the most from the intervention in terms of delayed age of first use. These results are consistent with Belsky and colleagues' (e.g., Belsky, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & van IJzendoorn, 2007; Belsky & Pleuss, 2009, 2013; Ellis, Boyce, Belsky, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & van IJzendoorn, 2011) differential susceptibility hypothesis and the concept of "for better or worse," wherein the expression of genetic variants are optimally realized in the context of an enriched environment, such as provided by a preventive intervention.
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Family process and youth internalizing problems: A triadic model of etiology and intervention. Dev Psychopathol 2016; 29:273-301. [DOI: 10.1017/s095457941600016x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDespite major advances in the development of interventions for youth anxiety and depression, approximately 30% of youths with anxiety do not respond to cognitive behavioral treatment, and youth depression treatments yield modest symptom decreases overall. Identifying networks of modifiable risk and maintenance factors that contribute to both youth anxiety and depression (i.e., internalizing problems) may enhance and broaden treatment benefits by informing the development of mechanism-targeted interventions. A particularly powerful network is the rich array of family processes linked to internalizing problems (e.g., parenting styles, parental mental health problems, and sibling relationships). Here, we propose a new theoretical model, the triadic modelof family process, to organize theory and evidence around modifiable, transdiagnostic family factors that may contribute to youth internalizing problems. We describe the model's implications for intervention, and we propose strategies for testing the model in future research. The model provides a framework for studying associations among family processes, their relation to youth internalizing problems, and family-based strategies for strengthening prevention and treatment.
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48
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Gratz KL, Kiel EJ, Latzman RD, Moore SA, Elkin TD, Megason GC, Tull MT. Complex Interrelations of Trait Vulnerabilities in Mothers and their Infants. INFANCY 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/infa.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim L. Gratz
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior; University of Mississippi Medical Center
| | | | | | - Sarah A. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior; University of Mississippi Medical Center
| | - T. David Elkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior; University of Mississippi Medical Center
| | - Gail C. Megason
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Mississippi Medical Center
| | - Matthew T. Tull
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior; University of Mississippi Medical Center
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Kendler KS, Ohlsson H, Morris NA, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. A Swedish population-based study of the mechanisms of parent-offspring transmission of criminal behavior. Psychol Med 2015; 45:1093-1102. [PMID: 25229775 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714002268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While children of parents with criminal behavior (CB) are at increased risk for CB, we have limited knowledge about the causes of this cross-generational transmission. METHOD We examined intergenerational continuity in CB in the Swedish population ascertained from the national conviction registers in three family types: intact (n = 21 11 074), 'not-lived-with' (n = 16 53 15 where biological parents never lived with their offspring) and 'step' (n = 1 24 800 offspring) which reflected, respectively, the effects of genes + rearing, genes only and rearing only. We also examined three criminal conviction subtypes: violent CB (VCB), property CB (PCB) and white-collar CB (WCCB). RESULTS Combined across mothers and fathers, the hazard ratio (HR) for CB in offspring given parental CB was 1.95 in intact, 1.56 in 'not-lived-with' and 1.28 in stepfamilies. In all three family types, all forms of CB in parents (VCB, PCB and WCCB) significantly predicted risk for all forms of CB in offspring. However, VCB in offspring was most strongly predicted by VCB in parents in intact, not-lived-with and stepfamilies. In intact families only, some specific parent-offspring transmission was also seen for WCCB. CONCLUSIONS Both genetic and environmental factors contribute substantially to parent-offspring resemblance for CB. With respect to criminal subtypes, much of parent-offspring transmission appears to be non-specific. However, specific genetic and environmental risk factors for VCB are transmitted across generations. A limitation of these analyses is that CB was assessed only via official criminal convictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University,Richmond,VA,USA
| | - H Ohlsson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University,Malmö,Sweden
| | - N A Morris
- Department of Criminal Justice,Virginia Commonwealth University,Richmond,VA,USA
| | - J Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University,Malmö,Sweden
| | - K Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University,Malmö,Sweden
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Sharma A. Variable directionality of gene expression changes across generations does not constitute negative evidence of epigenetic inheritance. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2015; 1:dvv005. [PMID: 29492280 PMCID: PMC5804684 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvv005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in mammals has been controversial due to inherent difficulties in its experimental demonstration. A recent report has, however, opened a new front in the ongoing debate by claiming that endocrine disrupting chemicals, contrary to previous findings, do not cause effects across generations. This claim is based on the observation that gene expression changes induced by these chemicals in the exposed and unexposed generations are mainly in the opposite direction. This analysis shows that the pattern of gene expression reported in the two generations is not expected by chance and is suggestive of transmission across generations. A meta-analysis of diverse data sets related to endocrine disruptor-induced transgenerational gene expression alterations, including the data provided in the said report, further suggests that effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals persist in unexposed generations. Based on the prior evidence of phenotypic variability and gene expression alterations in opposite direction between generations, it is argued here that calling evidence of mismatched directionality in gene expression in experiments testing potential of environmental agents in inducing epigenetic inheritance of phenotypic traits as negative is untenable. This is expected to settle the newly raised doubts over epigenetic inheritance in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Council of Scientific
and Industrial Research, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- *Correspondence address. CSIR-Institute of Genomics and
Integrative Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura
Road, New Delhi 110025, India. Tel: +91-11-26932421; Fax:
+91-11-27662407;
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