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Qian X, He Y, Zhang L, Li X, Tang W. Physiological and Proteome Analysis of the Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharides on Salt Tolerance of Rice Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5953. [PMID: 38892141 PMCID: PMC11173229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important social-economic crop, and rice seedlings are easily affected by salt stress. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) plays a positive role in promoting plant growth and development. To gain a better understanding of the salt tolerance mechanism of rice under the action of COS, Nipponbare rice seedlings were selected as the experimental materials, and the physiological and biochemical indexes of rice seedlings in three stages (normal growth, salt stress and recovery) were measured. Unlabelled quantitative proteomics technology was used to study differential protein and signaling pathways of rice seedlings under salt stress, and the mechanism of COS to improve rice tolerance to salt stress was elucidated. Results showed that after treatment with COS, the chlorophyll content of rice seedlings was 1.26 times higher than that of the blank group (CK). The root activity during the recovery stage was 1.46 times that of the CK group. The soluble sugar in root, stem and leaf increased by 53.42%, 77.10% and 9.37%, respectively. The total amino acid content increased by 77% during the stem recovery stage. Furthermore, the malondialdehyde content in root, stem and leaf increased by 21.28%, 26.67% and 32.69%, respectively. The activity of oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and oxygenase (CAT) were increased. There were more differentially expressed proteins in the three parts of the experimental group than in the CK group. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation of these differentially expressed proteins revealed that the experimental group was enriched for more entries. Then, through the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), the top ten pathways enriched with differentially expressed proteins in the two groups (COS and CK groups) were utilized, and a detailed interpretation of the glycolysis and photosynthesis pathways was provided. Five key proteins, including phosphofructokinase, fructose bisphosphate aldolases, glycer-aldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, enolase and pyruvate kinase, were identified in the glycolysis pathway. In the photosynthesis pathway, oxygen evolution enhancement proteins, iron redox proteins and ferredoxin-NADPH reductase were the key proteins. The addition of COS led to an increase in the abundance of proteins, a response of rice seedlings to salt stress. COS helped rice seedlings resist salt stress. Furthermore, using COS as biopesticides and biofertilizers can effectively increase the utilization of saline-affected farmland, thereby contributing to the alleviating of the global food crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wenzhu Tang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (X.Q.); (Y.H.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
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Liu T, Xu H, Amanullah S, Du Z, Hu X, Che Y, Zhang L, Jiang Z, Zhu L, Wang D. Deciphering the Enhancing Impact of Exogenous Brassinolide on Physiological Indices of Melon Plants under Downy Mildew-Induced Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:779. [PMID: 38592782 PMCID: PMC10974236 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a valuable horticultural crop of the Cucurbitaceae family. Downy mildew (DM), caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis, is a significant inhibitor of the production and quality of melon. Brassinolide (BR) is a new type of phytohormone widely used in cultivation for its broad spectrum of resistance- and defense-mechanism-improving activity. In this study, we applied various exogenous treatments (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg·L-1) of BR at four distinct time periods (6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h) and explored the impact of BR on physiological indices and the genetic regulation of melon seedling leaves infected by downy-mildew-induced stress. It was mainly observed that a 2.0 mg·L-1 BR concentration effectively promoted the enhanced photosynthetic activity of seedling leaves, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis similarly exhibited an upregulated expression of the predicted regulatory genes of photosystem II (PSII) CmHCF136 (MELO3C023596.2) and CmPsbY (MELO3C010708.2), thus indicating the stability of the PSII reaction center. Furthermore, 2.0 mg·L-1 BR resulted in more photosynthetic pigments (nearly three times more than the chlorophyll contents (264.52%)) as compared to the control and other treatment groups and similarly upregulated the expression trend of the predicted key enzyme genes CmLHCP (MELO3C004214.2) and CmCHLP (MELO3C017176.2) involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis. Meanwhile, the maximum contents of soluble sugars and starch (186.95% and 164.28%) were also maintained, which were similarly triggered by the upregulated expression of the predicted genes CmGlgC (MELO3C006552.2), CmSPS (MELO3C020357.2), and CmPEPC (MELO3C018724.2), thereby maintaining osmotic adjustment and efficiency in eliminating reactive oxygen species. Overall, the exogenous 2.0 mg·L-1 BR exhibited maintained antioxidant activities, plastid membranal stability, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameter values of F0 (42.23%) and Fv/Fm (36.67%) were also noticed to be higher; however, nearly three times higher levels of NPQ (375.86%) and Y (NPQ) (287.10%) were observed at 48 h of treatment as compared to all other group treatments. Increased Rubisco activity was also observed (62.89%), which suggested a significant role for elevated carbon fixation and assimilation and the upregulated expression of regulatory genes linked with Rubisco activity and the PSII reaction process. In short, we deduced that the 2.0 mg·L-1 BR application has an enhancing effect on the genetic modulation of physiological indices of melon plants against downy mildew disease stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Liu
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.Z.)
| | - Huichun Xu
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.Z.)
| | - Sikandar Amanullah
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhiqiang Du
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xixi Hu
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ye Che
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ling Zhang
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zeyu Jiang
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lei Zhu
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.Z.)
| | - Di Wang
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.Z.)
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Padmavathi G, Bangale U, Rao K, Balakrishnan D, Arun M, Singh RK, Sundaram RM. Progress and prospects in harnessing wild relatives for genetic enhancement of salt tolerance in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1253726. [PMID: 38371332 PMCID: PMC10870985 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1253726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress is the second most devastating abiotic stress after drought and limits rice production globally. Genetic enhancement of salinity tolerance is a promising and cost-effective approach to achieve yield gains in salt-affected areas. Breeding for salinity tolerance is challenging because of the genetic complexity of the response of rice plants to salt stress, as it is governed by minor genes with low heritability and high G × E interactions. The involvement of numerous physiological and biochemical factors further complicates this complexity. The intensive selection and breeding efforts targeted towards the improvement of yield in the green-revolution era inadvertently resulted in the gradual disappearance of the loci governing salinity tolerance and a significant reduction in genetic variability among cultivars. The limited utilization of genetic resources and narrow genetic base of improved cultivars have resulted in a plateau in response to salinity tolerance in modern cultivars. Wild species are an excellent genetic resource for broadening the genetic base of domesticated rice. Exploiting novel genes of underutilized wild rice relatives to restore salinity tolerance loci eliminated during domestication can result in significant genetic gain in rice cultivars. Wild species of rice, Oryza rufipogon and Oryza nivara, have been harnessed in the development of a few improved rice varieties like Jarava and Chinsura Nona 2. Furthermore, increased access to sequence information and enhanced knowledge about the genomics of salinity tolerance in wild relatives has provided an opportunity for the deployment of wild rice accessions in breeding programs, while overcoming the cross-incompatibility and linkage drag barriers witnessed in wild hybridization. Pre-breeding is another avenue for building material that are ready for utilization in breeding programs. Efforts should be directed towards systematic collection, evaluation, characterization, and deciphering salt tolerance mechanisms in wild rice introgression lines and deploying untapped novel loci to improve salinity tolerance in rice cultivars. This review highlights the potential of wild relatives of Oryza to enhance tolerance to salinity, track the progress of work, and provide a perspective for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guntupalli Padmavathi
- Crop Improvement Section, Plant Breeding, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR-IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Umakanth Bangale
- Crop Improvement Section, Plant Breeding, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR-IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - K. Nagendra Rao
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sugarcane Research Station, Vuyyuru, India
| | - Divya Balakrishnan
- Crop Improvement Section, Plant Breeding, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR-IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Melekote Nagabhushan Arun
- Crop Production Section, Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR-IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Singh
- Crop Diversification and Genetics Section, International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raman Meenakshi Sundaram
- Crop Improvement Section, Plant Breeding, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR-IIRR), Hyderabad, India
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Tasnim A, Jahan I, Azim T, Karmoker D, Seraj ZI. Paired growth of cultivated and halophytic wild rice under salt stress induces bacterial endophytes and gene expression responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1244743. [PMID: 37746015 PMCID: PMC10516563 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1244743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Utilizing salt-affected marginal lands in coastal regions can help meet the growing demand for rice. We explored a nature-based solution involving wild halophytic rice (O. coarctata, Oc) and commercial rice BRRI Dhan 67 (O. sativa, Os) grown in close proximity to each other under salt stress. Methods This was to investigate whether a paired planting strategy could help complement rice growth and yield under stress. We also investigated the gene expression and endophytic bacterial profiles of both Os and Oc in unpaired and paired conditions without and with salt. Results Paired plants exhibited lower salt damage indicators such as smaller reduction in plant height, electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll loss, as well as higher K+/Na+ ratio under saline stress. Some of the 39 endophytic bacteria in the mutualism experiment were unique to Oc and transferred to Os when paired. Differentially expressed genes in leaves of paired Os versus unpaired Os were 1097 (994 up-regulated, 101 down-regulated) without salt and 893 (763 up-regulated, 130 down-regulated) under salt stress. The presence of Oc plants under salt stress influenced major biological processes in Os, including oxidative stress; chitinase activity; phenylalanine catabolic process and response to ABA. Protein binding and serine/threonine kinase activity were primarily affected in molecular function. The downregulated WRKY transcription factor 22 in paired conditions under salt stress played a role in the MAPK signaling pathway, reducing respiratory cell death. The upregulated auxin-responsive protein IAA18 gene, involved in hormone signaling and cell enlargement, was present only in paired plants. Discussion Our findings therefore, offer insights into developing more effective cultivation strategies for sustainable rice production.
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Mann A, Lata C, Kumar N, Kumar A, Kumar A, Sheoran P. Halophytes as new model plant species for salt tolerance strategies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1137211. [PMID: 37251767 PMCID: PMC10211249 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1137211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is becoming a growing issue nowadays, severely affecting the world's most productive agricultural landscapes. With intersecting and competitive challenges of shrinking agricultural lands and increasing demand for food, there is an emerging need to build resilience for adaptation to anticipated climate change and land degradation. This necessitates the deep decoding of a gene pool of crop plant wild relatives which can be accomplished through salt-tolerant species, such as halophytes, in order to reveal the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Halophytes are generally defined as plants able to survive and complete their life cycle in highly saline environments of at least 200-500 mM of salt solution. The primary criterion for identifying salt-tolerant grasses (STGs) includes the presence of salt glands on the leaf surface and the Na+ exclusion mechanism since the interaction and replacement of Na+ and K+ greatly determines the survivability of STGs in saline environments. During the last decades or so, various salt-tolerant grasses/halophytes have been explored for the mining of salt-tolerant genes and testing their efficacy to improve the limit of salt tolerance in crop plants. Still, the utility of halophytes is limited due to the non-availability of any model halophytic plant system as well as the lack of complete genomic information. To date, although Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and salt cress (Thellungiella halophila) are being used as model plants in most salt tolerance studies, these plants are short-lived and can tolerate salinity for a shorter duration only. Thus, identifying the unique genes for salt tolerance pathways in halophytes and their introgression in a related cereal genome for better tolerance to salinity is the need of the hour. Modern technologies including RNA sequencing and genome-wide mapping along with advanced bioinformatics programs have advanced the decoding of the whole genetic information of plants and the development of probable algorithms to correlate stress tolerance limit and yield potential. Hence, this article has been compiled to explore the naturally occurring halophytes as potential model plant species for abiotic stress tolerance and to further breed crop plants to enhance salt tolerance through genomic and molecular tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Mann
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnl, Haryana, India
| | - Charu Lata
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnl, Haryana, India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Shimla, Himachal Pardesh, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnl, Haryana, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pardesh, Ludhiana, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnl, Haryana, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnl, Haryana, India
| | - Parvender Sheoran
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnl, Haryana, India
- ICAR-Agriculture Technology Application Research Center, Ludhiana, India
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Zhang J, Yu H, Li J. De novo domestication: retrace the history of agriculture to design future crops. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 81:102946. [PMID: 37080109 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Certain crops were domesticated from their wild progenitors and have served as the major staple food since then, but now suffered from the limited genetic diversity in breeding. Enormous wild species possess unique advantages such as stress tolerance, polyploidy, perennial habit, and natural nutrition. However, it remains a big challenge to utilize wild species in conventional breeding. With recent advances in biotechnologies, one new breeding strategy, de novo domestication, has emerged and been demonstrated by pioneer work. Here, we review the emergence and milestone progress of de novo domestication and discuss how wild relatives could be exploited into new types of crops. With the understanding of the genetic basis of crop domestication and the development of biotechnologies, various elite wild germplasms will be designed and practiced to fulfill particular breeding goals and create new types of crops. De novo domestication is paving a new way for breeding the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Hong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, China.
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Koteyeva NK, Voznesenskaya EV, Berim A, Gang DR, Edwards GE. Structural diversity in salt excreting glands and salinity tolerance in Oryza coarctata, Sporobolus anglicus and Urochondra setulosa. PLANTA 2022; 257:9. [PMID: 36482224 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the bicellular glands characteristic of all known excreting grasses, unique single-celled salt glands were discovered in the only salt tolerant species of the genus Oryza, Oryza coarctata. Salt tolerance has evolved frequently in a large number of grass lineages with distinct difference in mechanisms. Mechanisms of salt tolerance were studied in three species of grasses characterized by salt excretion: C3 wild rice species Oryza coarctata, and C4 species Sporobolus anglicus and Urochondra setulosa. The leaf anatomy and ultrastructure of salt glands, pattern of salt excretion, gas exchange, accumulation of key photosynthetic enzymes, leaf water content and osmolality, and levels of some osmolytes, were compared when grown without salt, with 200 mM NaCl versus 200 mM KCl. Under salt treatments, there was little effect on the capacity for CO2 assimilation, while stomatal conductance decreased with a reduction in water loss by transpiration and an increase in water use efficiency. All three species accumulate compatible solutes but with drastic differences in osmolyte composition. Having high capacity for salt excretion, they have distinct structural differences in the salt excreting machinery. S. anglicus and U. setulosa have bicellular glands while O. coarctata has unique single-celled salt glands with a partitioning membrane system that are responsible for salt excretion rather than multiple hairs as previously suggested. The features of physiological responses and salt excretion indicate similar mechanisms are involved in providing tolerance and excretion of Na+ and K+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria K Koteyeva
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Morphology, Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Elena V Voznesenskaya
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Morphology, Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Anna Berim
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - David R Gang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Gerald E Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA.
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Mishra AK, Farooq SH. Lack of ecological data hinders management of ecologically important saltmarsh ecosystems: A case study of saltmarsh plant Porterasia coarctata (Roxb.). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:115957. [PMID: 35998536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Saltmarsh ecosystems though ecologically important are one of the least studied ecosystems in Asia. This study reviewed the published literature from 1988 to 2021 of India to assess the current status of the data deficient saltmarsh species Porterasia coarctata (Roxb.) within its distribution limits. This saltmarsh species inhabits the lower intertidal silty-sandy habitats of India's west coast and silty-clay habitats of the east coast. In the lower intertidal zone, P. coarctata is mostly associated with Myrostachia wightiana, whereas in the upper intertidal zone the highest chance of presence was for Suaeda maritima (18%) and the lowest for Cressa cretica (1%), S. fruticosa (1%) and Scirpus littoralis (1%). The deep root system of P. coarctata helps in sediment accretion and facilitates the formation of mangrove ecosystems. From this study it was evident that most of the research on P. coarctata in India was part of survey of mangrove ecosystems. In India, significant knowledge gap exists on the reproductive ecology and population trends of this species. Most importantly, the genes responsible for salinity and submergence tolerance of P. coarctata are well documented, that can provide solutions for salt and submergence tolerant rice plants in coastal areas prone to sea level rise. The blue carbon storage potential of P. coarctata is higher than other saltmarsh plants, that can be leveraged as a nature-based solution for CO2 emission reductions. The ecosystem services of P. coarctata can also contribute towards achieving various sustainable development goals (SDG-1,2,6,13 and14). Coastal development, mangrove restoration and marine food provisioning are the most important drivers causing the decline of P. coarctata ecosystems across India. This study proposes a long-term coastal monitoring plan for essential conservation and management of existing P. coarctata beds and preventing further degradation and loss of these ecosystems. This study also showcases species-specific valuation of individual saltmarsh plants at regional scale are essential to catalogue the most efficient saltmarsh plants that can play an important role in future climate change scenarios and serve as a global model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Kumar Mishra
- School of Earth Ocean and Climate Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul Campus, Khorda, Odisha, India.
| | - Syed Hilal Farooq
- School of Earth Ocean and Climate Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul Campus, Khorda, Odisha, India
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A Review of Integrative Omic Approaches for Understanding Rice Salt Response Mechanisms. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111430. [PMID: 35684203 PMCID: PMC9182744 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the most serious environmental challenges, posing a growing threat to agriculture across the world. Soil salinity has a significant impact on rice growth, development, and production. Hence, improving rice varieties’ resistance to salt stress is a viable solution for meeting global food demand. Adaptation to salt stress is a multifaceted process that involves interacting physiological traits, biochemical or metabolic pathways, and molecular mechanisms. The integration of multi-omics approaches contributes to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms as well as the improvement of salt-resistant and tolerant rice varieties. Firstly, we present a thorough review of current knowledge about salt stress effects on rice and mechanisms behind rice salt tolerance and salt stress signalling. This review focuses on the use of multi-omics approaches to improve next-generation rice breeding for salinity resistance and tolerance, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and phenomics. Integrating multi-omics data effectively is critical to gaining a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the molecular pathways, enzyme activity and interacting networks of genes controlling salinity tolerance in rice. The key data mining strategies within the artificial intelligence to analyse big and complex data sets that will allow more accurate prediction of outcomes and modernise traditional breeding programmes and also expedite precision rice breeding such as genetic engineering and genome editing.
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Dai L, Li P, Li Q, Leng Y, Zeng D, Qian Q. Integrated Multi-Omics Perspective to Strengthen the Understanding of Salt Tolerance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095236. [PMID: 35563627 PMCID: PMC9105537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major constraints to rice cultivation worldwide. Thus, the development of salt-tolerant rice cultivars becomes a hotspot of current rice breeding. Achieving this goal depends in part on understanding how rice responds to salt stress and uncovering the molecular mechanism underlying this trait. Over the past decade, great efforts have been made to understand the mechanism of salt tolerance in rice through genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenetics. However, there are few reviews on this aspect. Therefore, we review the research progress of omics related to salt tolerance in rice and discuss how these advances will promote the innovations of salt-tolerant rice breeding. In the future, we expect that the integration of multi-omics salt tolerance data can accelerate the solution of the response mechanism of rice to salt stress, and lay a molecular foundation for precise breeding of salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; (L.D.); (P.L.); (Q.L.); (D.Z.)
| | - Peiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; (L.D.); (P.L.); (Q.L.); (D.Z.)
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; (L.D.); (P.L.); (Q.L.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yujia Leng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Q.Q.)
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; (L.D.); (P.L.); (Q.L.); (D.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; (L.D.); (P.L.); (Q.L.); (D.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Q.Q.)
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Ishikawa T, Shabala L, Zhou M, Venkataraman G, Yu M, Sellamuthu G, Chen ZH, Shabala S. Comparative Analysis of Root Na+ Relation under Salinity between Oryza sativa and Oryza coarctata. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11050656. [PMID: 35270125 PMCID: PMC8912616 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Na+ toxicity is one of the major physiological constraints imposed by salinity on plant performance. At the same time, Na+ uptake may be beneficial under some circumstances as an easily accessible inorganic ion that can be used for increasing solute concentrations and maintaining cell turgor. Two rice species, Oryza sativa (cultivated rice, salt-sensitive) and Oryza coarctata (wild rice, salt-tolerant), demonstrated different strategies in controlling Na+ uptake. Glasshouse experiments and gene expression analysis suggested that salt-treated wild rice quickly increased xylem Na+ loading for osmotic adjustment but maintained a non-toxic level of stable shoot Na+ concentration by increased activity of a high affinity K+ transporter HKT1;5 (essential for xylem Na+ unloading) and a Na+/H+ exchanger NHX (for sequestering Na+ and K+ into root vacuoles). Cultivated rice prevented Na+ uptake and transport to the shoot at the beginning of salt treatment but failed to maintain it in the long term. While electrophysiological assays revealed greater net Na+ uptake upon salt application in cultivated rice, O. sativa plants showed much stronger activation of the root plasma membrane Na+/H+ Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) exchanger. Thus, it appears that wild rice limits passive Na+ entry into root cells while cultivated rice relies heavily on SOS1-mediating Na+ exclusion, with major penalties imposed by the existence of the "futile cycle" at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Ishikawa
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (T.I.); (L.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (T.I.); (L.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (T.I.); (L.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Gayatri Venkataraman
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600113, India; (G.V.); (G.S.)
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China;
| | - Gothandapani Sellamuthu
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600113, India; (G.V.); (G.S.)
- Forest Molecular Entomology Lab, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (T.I.); (L.S.); (M.Z.)
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China;
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12
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Solis CA, Yong MT, Zhou M, Venkataraman G, Shabala L, Holford P, Shabala S, Chen ZH. Evolutionary Significance of NHX Family and NHX1 in Salinity Stress Adaptation in the Genus Oryza. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042092. [PMID: 35216206 PMCID: PMC8879705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa), a staple crop for a substantial part of the world’s population, is highly sensitive to soil salinity; however, some wild Oryza relatives can survive in highly saline environments. Sodium/hydrogen antiporter (NHX) family members contribute to Na+ homeostasis in plants and play a major role in conferring salinity tolerance. In this study, we analyzed the evolution of NHX family members using phylogeny, conserved domains, tertiary structures, expression patterns, and physiology of cultivated and wild Oryza species to decipher the role of NHXs in salt tolerance in Oryza. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the NHX family can be classified into three subfamilies directly related to their subcellular localization: endomembrane, plasma membrane, and tonoplast (vacuolar subfamily, vNHX1). Phylogenetic and structural analysis showed that vNHX1s have evolved from streptophyte algae (e.g., Klebsormidium nitens) and are abundant and highly conserved in all major land plant lineages, including Oryza. Moreover, we showed that tissue tolerance is a crucial trait conferring tolerance to salinity in wild rice species. Higher Na+ accumulation and reduced Na+ effluxes in leaf mesophyll were observed in the salt-tolerant wild rice species O. alta, O. latifolia, and O. coarctata. Among the key genes affecting tissue tolerance, expression of NHX1 and SOS1/NHX7 exhibited significant correlation with salt tolerance among the rice species and cultivars. This study provides insights into the evolutionary origin of plant NHXs and their role in tissue tolerance of Oryza species and facilitates the inclusion of this trait during the development of salinity-tolerant rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celymar Angela Solis
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (C.A.S.); (M.-T.Y.); (P.H.)
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; (M.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Miing-Tiem Yong
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (C.A.S.); (M.-T.Y.); (P.H.)
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; (M.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Gayatri Venkataraman
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600113, India;
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; (M.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Paul Holford
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (C.A.S.); (M.-T.Y.); (P.H.)
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; (M.Z.); (L.S.)
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (Z.-H.C.); Tel.: +61-245-701-934 (Z.-H.C.)
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (C.A.S.); (M.-T.Y.); (P.H.)
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (Z.-H.C.); Tel.: +61-245-701-934 (Z.-H.C.)
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13
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Rawat N, Wungrampha S, Singla-Pareek SL, Yu M, Shabala S, Pareek A. Rewilding staple crops for the lost halophytism: Toward sustainability and profitability of agricultural production systems. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:45-64. [PMID: 34915209 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress tolerance has been weakened during the domestication of all major staple crops. Soil salinity is a major environmental constraint that impacts over half of the world population; however, given the increasing reliance on irrigation and the lack of available freshwater, agriculture in the 21st century will increasingly become saline. Therefore, global food security is critically dependent on the ability of plant breeders to create high-yielding staple crop varieties that will incorporate salinity tolerance traits and account for future climate scenarios. Previously, we have argued that the current agricultural practices and reliance on crops that exclude salt from uptake is counterproductive and environmentally unsustainable, and thus called for a need for a major shift in a breeding paradigm to incorporate some halophytic traits that were present in wild relatives but were lost in modern crops during domestication. In this review, we provide a comprehensive physiological and molecular analysis of the key traits conferring crop halophytism, such as vacuolar Na+ sequestration, ROS desensitization, succulence, metabolic photosynthetic switch, and salt deposition in trichomes, and discuss the strategies for incorporating them into elite germplasm, to address a pressing issue of boosting plant salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Rawat
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Silas Wungrampha
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart Tas 7001, Australia.
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 140306, India.
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14
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Ling L, An Y, Wang D, Tang L, Du B, Shu Y, Bai Y, Guo C. Proteomic analysis reveals responsive mechanisms for saline-alkali stress in alfalfa. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 170:146-159. [PMID: 34891071 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Saline-alkali stress is a major abiotic stress that limits plant growth, yield, and geographical distribution. Alfalfa is a perennial legume with the largest planting area in the world because of its high protein content, good palatability, and long utilization life. However, saline-alkali stress seriously affects alfalfa yield and quality. To better understand the saline-alkali stress response mechanisms of alfalfa, an isobaric tags proteomics method was used to compare and analyse alfalfa under saline-alkali stress for 0, 1, and 7 days, and 126 (1 vs. 0 days) and 1869 (7 vs. 0 days) differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were found. Through integrative analysis with differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we found correlated DEGs-DAPs of RNA and protein with similar expression trends at the mRNA and protein levels; these were mainly involved in ABA and Ca2+ signal pathways, regulation of photosynthesis, ROS scavenging, secondary metabolism, and transcription factors (TFs) related to saline-alkali stress. Some genes not exhibiting such trends may have been regulated post-transcriptionally. Furthermore, through transgenic experiments, MsFTL was found to significantly improve the saline-alkali tolerance of plants. Overall, our findings provide important clues for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of alfalfa to saline-alkali stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ling
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, No. 1 of Shida Road, Limin Development, China
| | - Yimin An
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, No. 1 of Shida Road, Limin Development, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, No. 1 of Shida Road, Limin Development, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, No. 1 of Shida Road, Limin Development, China
| | - Binghao Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, No. 1 of Shida Road, Limin Development, China
| | - Yongjun Shu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, No. 1 of Shida Road, Limin Development, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, No. 1 of Shida Road, Limin Development, China
| | - Changhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, No. 1 of Shida Road, Limin Development, China.
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15
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Jha S, Maity S, Singh J, Chouhan C, Tak N, Ambatipudi K. Integrated physiological and comparative proteomics analysis of contrasting genotypes of pearl millet reveals underlying salt-responsive mechanisms. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13605. [PMID: 34837239 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress poses a significant risk to plant development and agricultural yield. Therefore, elucidation of stress-response mechanisms has become essential to identify salt-tolerance genes in plants. In the present study, two genotypes of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) with contrasting tolerance for salinity exhibited differential morpho-physiological and proteomic responses under 150 mM NaCl. The genotype IC 325825 was shown to withstand the stress better than IP 17224. The salt-tolerance potential of IC 325825 was associated with its ability to maintain intracellular osmotic, ionic, and redox homeostasis and membrane integrity under stress. The IC 325825 genotype exhibited a higher abundance of C4 photosynthesis enzymes, efficient enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant system, and lower Na+ /K+ ratio compared with IP 17224. Comparative proteomics analysis revealed greater metabolic perturbation in IP 17224 under salinity, in contrast to IC 325825 that harbored pro-active stress-responsive machinery, allowing its survival and better adaptability under salt stress. The differentially abundant proteins were in silico characterized for their functions, subcellular-localization, associated pathways, and protein-protein interaction. These proteins were mainly involved in photosynthesis/response to light stimulus, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and stress responses. Proteomics data were validated through expression profiling of the selected genes, revealing a poor correlation between protein abundance and their relative transcript levels. This study has provided novel insights into salt adaptive mechanisms in P. glaucum, demonstrating the power of proteomics-based approaches. The critical proteins identified in the present study could be further explored as potential objects for engineering stress tolerance in salt-sensitive major crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Jha
- Plant Functional Genomics Lab, Biotechnology Unit, Department of Botany (UGC-Centre of Advanced Study), Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudipa Maity
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jawahar Singh
- Plant Functional Genomics Lab, Biotechnology Unit, Department of Botany (UGC-Centre of Advanced Study), Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Chaya Chouhan
- Plant Functional Genomics Lab, Biotechnology Unit, Department of Botany (UGC-Centre of Advanced Study), Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nisha Tak
- BNF and Microbial Genomics Lab, Department of Botany (UGC-Centre of Advanced Study), Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kiran Ambatipudi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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Athar HUR, Zulfiqar F, Moosa A, Ashraf M, Zafar ZU, Zhang L, Ahmed N, Kalaji HM, Nafees M, Hossain MA, Islam MS, El Sabagh A, Siddique KHM. Salt stress proteins in plants: An overview. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:999058. [PMID: 36589054 PMCID: PMC9800898 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.999058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress is considered the most devastating abiotic stress for crop productivity. Accumulating different types of soluble proteins has evolved as a vital strategy that plays a central regulatory role in the growth and development of plants subjected to salt stress. In the last two decades, efforts have been undertaken to critically examine the genome structure and functions of the transcriptome in plants subjected to salinity stress. Although genomics and transcriptomics studies indicate physiological and biochemical alterations in plants, it do not reflect changes in the amount and type of proteins corresponding to gene expression at the transcriptome level. In addition, proteins are a more reliable determinant of salt tolerance than simple gene expression as they play major roles in shaping physiological traits in salt-tolerant phenotypes. However, little information is available on salt stress-responsive proteins and their possible modes of action in conferring salinity stress tolerance. In addition, a complete proteome profile under normal or stress conditions has not been established yet for any model plant species. Similarly, a complete set of low abundant and key stress regulatory proteins in plants has not been identified. Furthermore, insufficient information on post-translational modifications in salt stress regulatory proteins is available. Therefore, in recent past, studies focused on exploring changes in protein expression under salt stress, which will complement genomic, transcriptomic, and physiological studies in understanding mechanism of salt tolerance in plants. This review focused on recent studies on proteome profiling in plants subjected to salinity stress, and provide synthesis of updated literature about how salinity regulates various salt stress proteins involved in the plant salt tolerance mechanism. This review also highlights the recent reports on regulation of salt stress proteins using transgenic approaches with enhanced salt stress tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib-ur-Rehman Athar
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Faisal Zulfiqar, ; Kadambot H. M. Siddique,
| | - Anam Moosa
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Ullah Zafar
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Nadeem Ahmed
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Botany, Mohy-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, Pakistan
| | - Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Muhammad Nafees
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Anwar Hossain
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Sohidul Islam
- Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Siirt University, Siirt, Türkiye
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Petrth WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Faisal Zulfiqar, ; Kadambot H. M. Siddique,
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Hameed A, Ahmed MZ, Hussain T, Aziz I, Ahmad N, Gul B, Nielsen BL. Effects of Salinity Stress on Chloroplast Structure and Function. Cells 2021; 10:2023. [PMID: 34440792 PMCID: PMC8395010 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a growing problem affecting soils and agriculture in many parts of the world. The presence of salt in plant cells disrupts many basic metabolic processes, contributing to severe negative effects on plant development and growth. This review focuses on the effects of salinity on chloroplasts, including the structures and function of these organelles. Chloroplasts house various important biochemical reactions, including photosynthesis, most of which are considered essential for plant survival. Salinity can affect these reactions in a number of ways, for example, by changing the chloroplast size, number, lamellar organization, lipid and starch accumulation, and interfering with cross-membrane transportation. Research has shown that maintenance of the normal chloroplast physiology is necessary for the survival of the entire plant. Many plant species have evolved different mechanisms to withstand the harmful effects of salt-induced toxicity on their chloroplasts and its machinery. The differences depend on the plant species and growth stage and can be quite different between salt-sensitive (glycophyte) and salt-tolerant (halophyte) plants. Salt stress tolerance is a complex trait, and many aspects of salt tolerance in plants are not entirely clear yet. In this review, we discuss the different mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants with a special focus on chloroplast structure and its functions, including the underlying differences between glycophytes and halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hameed
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Tabassum Hussain
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Irfan Aziz
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Niaz Ahmad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 44000, Pakistan;
- Department of Biotechnology, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science (PIEAS), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Bilquees Gul
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Brent L. Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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18
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Kumar A, Anju T, Kumar S, Chhapekar SS, Sreedharan S, Singh S, Choi SR, Ramchiary N, Lim YP. Integrating Omics and Gene Editing Tools for Rapid Improvement of Traditional Food Plants for Diversified and Sustainable Food Security. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8093. [PMID: 34360856 PMCID: PMC8348985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Indigenous communities across the globe, especially in rural areas, consume locally available plants known as Traditional Food Plants (TFPs) for their nutritional and health-related needs. Recent research shows that many TFPs are highly nutritious as they contain health beneficial metabolites, vitamins, mineral elements and other nutrients. Excessive reliance on the mainstream staple crops has its own disadvantages. Traditional food plants are nowadays considered important crops of the future and can act as supplementary foods for the burgeoning global population. They can also act as emergency foods in situations such as COVID-19 and in times of other pandemics. The current situation necessitates locally available alternative nutritious TFPs for sustainable food production. To increase the cultivation or improve the traits in TFPs, it is essential to understand the molecular basis of the genes that regulate some important traits such as nutritional components and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. The integrated use of modern omics and gene editing technologies provide great opportunities to better understand the genetic and molecular basis of superior nutrient content, climate-resilient traits and adaptation to local agroclimatic zones. Recently, realizing the importance and benefits of TFPs, scientists have shown interest in the prospection and sequencing of TFPs for their improvements, cultivation and mainstreaming. Integrated omics such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and ionomics are successfully used in plants and have provided a comprehensive understanding of gene-protein-metabolite networks. Combined use of omics and editing tools has led to successful editing of beneficial traits in several TFPs. This suggests that there is ample scope for improvement of TFPs for sustainable food production. In this article, we highlight the importance, scope and progress towards improvement of TFPs for valuable traits by integrated use of omics and gene editing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671316, Kerala, India; (T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Thattantavide Anju
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671316, Kerala, India; (T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College, Kishtwar 182204, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Sushil Satish Chhapekar
- Molecular Genetics & Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.S.C.); (S.S.); (S.R.C.)
| | - Sajana Sreedharan
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671316, Kerala, India; (T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonam Singh
- Molecular Genetics & Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.S.C.); (S.S.); (S.R.C.)
| | - Su Ryun Choi
- Molecular Genetics & Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.S.C.); (S.S.); (S.R.C.)
| | - Nirala Ramchiary
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, Delhi, India
| | - Yong Pyo Lim
- Molecular Genetics & Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.S.C.); (S.S.); (S.R.C.)
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Saini S, Kaur N, Marothia D, Singh B, Singh V, Gantet P, Pati PK. Morphological Analysis, Protein Profiling and Expression Analysis of Auxin Homeostasis Genes of Roots of Two Contrasting Cultivars of Rice Provide Inputs on Mechanisms Involved in Rice Adaptation towards Salinity Stress. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081544. [PMID: 34451587 PMCID: PMC8399380 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plants remodel their root architecture in response to a salinity stress stimulus. This process is regulated by an array of factors including phytohormones, particularly auxin. In the present study, in order to better understand the mechanisms involved in salinity stress adaptation in rice, we compared two contrasting rice cultivars—Luna Suvarna, a salt tolerant, and IR64, a salt sensitive cultivar. Phenotypic investigations suggested that Luna Suvarna in comparison with IR64 presented stress adaptive root traits which correlated with a higher accumulation of auxin in its roots. The expression level investigation of auxin signaling pathway genes revealed an increase in several auxin homeostasis genes transcript levels in Luna Suvarna compared with IR64 under salinity stress. Furthermore, protein profiling showed 18 proteins that were differentially regulated between the roots of two cultivars, and some of them were salinity stress responsive proteins found exclusively in the proteome of Luna Suvarna roots, revealing the critical role of these proteins in imparting salinity stress tolerance. This included proteins related to the salt overly sensitive pathway, root growth, the reactive oxygen species scavenging system, and abscisic acid activation. Taken together, our results highlight that Luna Suvarna involves a combination of morphological and molecular traits of the root system that could prime the plant to better tolerate salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Deeksha Marothia
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Baldev Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Pascal Gantet
- Université de Montpellier, UMR DIADE, Centre de Recherche de l’IRD, Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, CEDEX 5, 34394 Montpellier, France
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Molecular Biology, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (P.K.P.)
| | - Pratap Kumar Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (P.K.P.)
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Chowrasia S, Nishad J, Pandey R, Mondal TK. Oryza coarctata is a triploid plant with initial events of C4 photosynthesis evolution. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 308:110878. [PMID: 34034879 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oryza coarctata is an obligate halophyte of wild species of rice which thrives well under high saline as well as submerged conditions. We report here for the first time that O. coarctata is triploid (2n = 3x = 36), though it was previously known as tetraploid (2n = 4x = 48). The chromosome number of O. coarctata was determined from mitotic plates of root tips and ploidy level was determined by flow cytometer, where it was found to be triploid (2n = 3x = 36). In addition, this species was found to possess several unique anatomical features in leaves such as presence of Kranz-anatomy, increased vein density and higher ratio of bundle sheath to mesophyll cell area as compared to rice variety (IR-29). Ultra-structure of leaf showed the presence of bundle sheath cells with significant number of chloroplasts and mitochondria which were arranged centrifugally. Chloroplasts lack grana in bundle sheath cell whereas, mesophyll cell contain well-developed grana. These anatomical and ultra structural characteristics indicate that this plant is in initial stage of evolving towards C4 photosynthesis due to high selection pressure which might help it to survive in wide range of ecological conditions i.e. from submerged saline to non-saline terrestrial condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni Chowrasia
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Jyoti Nishad
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rakesh Pandey
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Mondal
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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21
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Derbali W, Manaa A, Spengler B, Goussi R, Abideen Z, Ghezellou P, Abdelly C, Forreiter C, Koyro HW. Comparative proteomic approach to study the salinity effect on the growth of two contrasting quinoa genotypes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 163:215-229. [PMID: 33862501 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of NaCl salinity (0, 100 and 300 mM) on the individual response of the quinoa varieties Kcoito (Altiplano Ecotype) and UDEC-5 (Sea-level Ecotype) with physiological and proteomic approaches. Leaf protein profile was performed using two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). UDEC-5 showed an enhanced capacity to withstand salinity stress compared to Kcoito. In response to salinity, we detected overall the following differences between both genotypes: Toxicity symptoms, plant growth performance, photosynthesis performance and intensity of ROS-defense. We found a mirroring of these differences in the proteome of each genotype. Among the 700 protein spots reproducibly detected, 24 exhibited significant abundance variations between samples. These proteins were involved in energy and carbon metabolism, photosynthesis, ROS scavenging and detoxification, stress defense and chaperone functions, enzyme activation and ATPases. A specific set of proteins predominantly involved in photosynthesis and ROS scavenging showed significantly higher abundance under high salinity (300 mM NaCl). The adjustment was accompanied by a stimulation of various metabolic pathways to balance the supplementary demand for energy or intermediates. However, the more salt-resistant genotype UDEC-5 presented a beneficial and significantly higher expression of nearly all stress-related altered enzymes than Kcoito.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Derbali
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, B.P. 901, Hammam-Lif, 2050, Tunisia; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092. Tunisia; Institute for Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Arafet Manaa
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, B.P. 901, Hammam-Lif, 2050, Tunisia.
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rahma Goussi
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, B.P. 901, Hammam-Lif, 2050, Tunisia; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092. Tunisia
| | - Zainul Abideen
- Dr. Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Parviz Ghezellou
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, B.P. 901, Hammam-Lif, 2050, Tunisia
| | - Christoph Forreiter
- Institut für Biologie, University of Siegen, Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Hans-Werner Koyro
- Institute for Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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Hussain S, Hussain S, Ali B, Ren X, Chen X, Li Q, Saqib M, Ahmad N. Recent progress in understanding salinity tolerance in plants: Story of Na +/K + balance and beyond. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 160:239-256. [PMID: 33524921 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
High salt concentrations in the growing medium can severely affect the growth and development of plants. It is imperative to understand the different components of salt-tolerant network in plants in order to produce the salt-tolerant cultivars. High-affinity potassium transporter- and myelocytomatosis proteins have been shown to play a critical role for salinity tolerance through exclusion of sodium (Na+) ions from sensitive shoot tissues in plants. Numerous genes, that limit the uptake of salts from soil and their transport throughout the plant body, adjust the ionic and osmotic balance of cells in roots and shoots. In the present review, we have tried to provide a comprehensive report of major research advances on different mechanisms regulating plant tolerance to salinity stress at proteomics, metabolomics, genomics and transcriptomics levels. Along with the role of ionic homeostasis, a major focus was given on other salinity tolerance mechanisms in plants including osmoregulation and osmo-protection, cell wall remodeling and integrity, and plant antioxidative defense. Major proteins and genes expressed under salt-stressed conditions and their role in enhancing salinity tolerance in plants are discussed as well. Moreover, this manuscript identifies and highlights the key questions on plant salinity tolerance that remain to be discussed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadam Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xiaolong Ren
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Ahmad
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Comprehensive proteomic analysis revealing multifaceted regulatory network of the xero-halophyte Haloxylon salicornicum involved in salt tolerance. J Biotechnol 2020; 324:143-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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24
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Zhao C, Zhang H, Song C, Zhu JK, Shabala S. Mechanisms of Plant Responses and Adaptation to Soil Salinity. Innovation (N Y) 2020; 1:100017. [PMID: 34557705 PMCID: PMC8454569 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2020.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major environmental stress that restricts the growth and yield of crops. Understanding the physiological, metabolic, and biochemical responses of plants to salt stress and mining the salt tolerance-associated genetic resource in nature will be extremely important for us to cultivate salt-tolerant crops. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms of salt stress responses in plants, including salt stress-triggered physiological responses, oxidative stress, salt stress sensing and signaling pathways, organellar stress, ion homeostasis, hormonal and gene expression regulation, metabolic changes, as well as salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes. Important questions regarding salt tolerance that need to be addressed in the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhao Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunpeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
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Solis CA, Yong MT, Vinarao R, Jena K, Holford P, Shabala L, Zhou M, Shabala S, Chen ZH. Back to the Wild: On a Quest for Donors Toward Salinity Tolerant Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:323. [PMID: 32265970 PMCID: PMC7098918 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress affects global food producing areas by limiting both crop growth and yield. Attempts to develop salinity-tolerant rice varieties have had limited success due to the complexity of the salinity tolerance trait, high variation in the stress response and a lack of available donors for candidate genes for cultivated rice. As a result, finding suitable donors of genes and traits for salinity tolerance has become a major bottleneck in breeding for salinity tolerant crops. Twenty-two wild Oryza relatives have been recognized as important genetic resources for quantitatively inherited traits such as resistance and/or tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of such an approach by critically analyzing evolutionary, ecological, genetic, and physiological aspects of Oryza species. We argue that the strategy of rice breeding for better Na+ exclusion employed for the last few decades has reached a plateau and cannot deliver any further improvement in salinity tolerance in this species. This calls for a paradigm shift in rice breeding and more efforts toward targeting mechanisms of the tissue tolerance and a better utilization of the potential of wild rice where such traits are already present. We summarize the differences in salinity stress adaptation amongst cultivated and wild Oryza relatives and identify several key traits that should be targeted in future breeding programs. This includes: (1) efficient sequestration of Na+ in mesophyll cell vacuoles, with a strong emphasis on control of tonoplast leak channels; (2) more efficient control of xylem ion loading; (3) efficient cytosolic K+ retention in both root and leaf mesophyll cells; and (4) incorporating Na+ sequestration in trichrome. We conclude that while amongst all wild relatives, O. rufipogon is arguably a best source of germplasm at the moment, genes and traits from the wild relatives, O. coarctata, O. latifolia, and O. alta, should be targeted in future genetic programs to develop salt tolerant cultivated rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celymar A. Solis
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Miing T. Yong
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Ricky Vinarao
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Kshirod Jena
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Paul Holford
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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26
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Hui-Hui Z, Guang-Liang S, Jie-Yu S, Xin L, Ma-Bo L, Liang M, Nan X, Guang-Yu S. Photochemistry and proteomics of mulberry (Morus alba L.) seedlings under NaCl and NaHCO 3 stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 184:109624. [PMID: 31487570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the response and adaptation mechanisms of photosynthesis of the leaves of mulberry (Morus alba L.) seedlings to saline-alkali stress. Photosynthetic activity, and the response of related proteomics of M. alba seedling leaves under NaCl and NaHCO3 stress were studied by using chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange technique combined with TMT proteomics. The results showed that NaCl stress had no significant effect on photosystem II (PSII) activity in M. alba seedling leaves. In addition, the expressions of proteins of the PSII oxygen-evolving complex (OEE3-1 and PPD4) and the LHCII antenna (CP24 10A, CP26, and CP29) were increased, and the photosystem I (PSI) activity in the leaves of M. alba seedlings was increased, as well as expressions of proteins, such as PsaF, PsaG, PsaH, PsaL, PsaN, and Ycf4. Under NaHCO3 stress, the activity of PSII and PSI and the expression of their protein complexes and the electron transfer-related proteins significantly decreased. NaCl stress had little effect on RuBP regeneration during dark reaction in the leaves and the expressions of glucose synthesis related proteins and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) did not decrease significantly. The leaves could adapt to NaCl stress by reducing stomatal conductance (Gs) and increasing water use efficiency (WUE). Under NaHCO3 stress, the expression of dark reaction-related proteins was mostly down-regulated, while Gs was reduced, which indicated that non-stomatal factors can be responsible for inhibition of carbon assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Hui-Hui
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shi Guang-Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shao Jie-Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Xin
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Ma-Bo
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Meng Liang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xu Nan
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Sciences Academy, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Sun Guang-Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Wungrampha S, Joshi R, Rathore RS, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A. CO 2 uptake and chlorophyll a fluorescence of Suaeda fruticosa grown under diurnal rhythm and after transfer to continuous dark. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 142:211-227. [PMID: 31317383 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Although only 2-4% of absorbed light is emitted as chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence, its measurement provides valuable information on photosynthesis of the plant, particularly of Photosystem II (PSII) and Photosystem I (PSI). In this paper, we have examined photosynthetic parameters of Suaeda fruticosa L. (family: Amaranthaceae), surviving under extreme xerohalophytic conditions, as influenced by diurnal rhythm or continuous dark condition. We report here CO2 gas exchange and the kinetics of Chl a fluorescence of S. fruticosa, made every 3 hours (hrs) for 3 days, using a portable infra-red gas analyzer and a Handy PEA fluorimeter. Our measurements on CO2 gas exchange show the maximum rate of photosynthesis to be at 08:00 hrs under diurnal condition and at 05:00 hrs under continuous dark. From the OJIP phase of Chl a fluorescence transient, we have inferred that the maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry must have increased during the night under diurnal rhythm, and between 11:00 and 17:00 hrs under constant dark. Overall, our study has revealed novel insights into how photosynthetic reactions are affected by the photoperiodic cycles in S. fruticosa under high salinity. This study has further revealed a unique strategy operating in this xero-halophyte where the repair mechanism for damaged PSII operates during the dark, which, we suggest, contributes to its ecological adaptation and ability to survive and reproduce under extreme saline, high light, and drought conditions. We expect these investigations to help in identifying key genes and pathways for raising crops for saline and dry areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Wungrampha
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Joshi
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ray S Rathore
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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Xing J, Pan D, Wang L, Tan F, Chen W. Proteomic and physiological responses in mangrove Kandelia candel roots under short-term high-salinity stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 43:314-325. [PMID: 31768104 PMCID: PMC6823913 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1906-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Kandelia candel is one of the mangrove species that are most resistant to environmental stress. As a typical nonsalt-secreting mangrove plant, K. candel is an ideal biological material to analyze the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in woody plants. In this study, changes in protein abundance and expression profile in K. candel roots under high-salinity stress of 600 mmol L-1 NaCl were analyzed using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) assay. Moreover, the physiological parameters associated with metabolic pathways in which the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) are involved were determined. A total of 5577 proteins were identified by iTRAQ analysis of the K. candel root proteins, of which 227 were DAPs with a fold change ratio >1.2 or a fold change ratio <0.83 and a P-value <0.05. A total of 227 DAPs consisting of 110 up-regulated and 117 down-regulated proteins were identified. Our Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that the DAPs were primarily involved in biological processes including carbohydrate and energy metabolisms, stress response and defense, cell wall structure, and secondary metabolism. The results of the physiological parameters showed that their profile changes were consistent with those of the proteome analysis. The results of the proteome and physiological parameters showed that K. candel roots could resist high-salinity stress by maintaining a normal Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas and tricarboxylic acid (EMP-TCA) pathway, increasing the activities of various antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant contents, stabilizing the cell wall structure, and accumulating secondary metabolites such as triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Xing
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian China.,College of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian China
| | - Dezhuo Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian China
| | - Lingxia Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia China
| | - Fanglin Tan
- Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian China
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Genome-wide identification of and functional insights into the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) gene family in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). Sci Rep 2019; 9:13375. [PMID: 31527624 PMCID: PMC6746774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49759-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are involved in the responses and adaptation of plants to various abiotic stresses, including dehydration, salinity, high temperature, and cold. Here, we report the first comprehensive survey of the LEA gene family in “Chinese Spring” wheat (Triticum aestivum). A total of 179 TaLEA genes were identified in T. aestivum and classified into eight groups. All TaLEA genes harbored the LEA conserved motif and had few introns. TaLEA genes belonging to the same group exhibited similar gene structures and chromosomal locations. Our results revealed that most TaLEA genes contained abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive elements (ABREs) and various cis-acting elements associated with the stress response in the promoter region and were induced under ABA and abiotic stress treatments. In addition, 8 genes representing each group were introduced into E. coli and yeast to investigate the protective function of TaLEAs under heat and salt stress. TaLEAs enhanced the tolerance of E. coli and yeast to salt and heat, indicating that these proteins have protective functions in host cells under stress conditions. These results increase our understanding of LEA genes and provide robust candidate genes for future functional investigations aimed at improving the stress tolerance of wheat.
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30
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Rajakani R, Sellamuthu G, V S, S K, Shabala L, Meinke H, Chen Z, Zhou M, Parida A, Shabala S, Venkataraman G. Microhair on the adaxial leaf surface of salt secreting halophytic Oryza coarctata Roxb. show distinct morphotypes: Isolation for molecular and functional analysis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 285:248-257. [PMID: 31203890 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Halophytic Oryza coarctata is a good model system to examine mechanisms of salinity tolerance in rice. O. coarctata leaves show the presence of microhairs in adaxial leaf surface furrows that secrete salt under salinity. However, detailed molecular and physiological studies of O. coarctata microhairs are limited due to their relative inaccessibility. This work presents a detailed characterization of O. coarctata leaf features. O. coarctata has two types of microhairs on the adaxial leaf surface: longer microhairs (three morphotypes) lining epidermal furrow walls and shorter microhairs (reported first time) arising from bulliform cells. Microhair morphotypes include (i) finger-like, tubular structures, (ii) tubular hairs with bilobed and flattened heads and (iii) bi-or trifurcated hairs. The unicellular nature of microhairs was confirmed by propidium iodide (PI) staining. An efficient method for the isolation and enrichment of O. coarctata microhairs is presented (yield averaging ˜2 × 105/g leaf tissue). The robustness of the microhair isolation procedure was confirmed by subsequent viability staining (PI), total RNA isolation and RT-PCR amplification of O. coarctata trichome-specific WUSCHEL-related homeobox 3B (OcWox3B) and transporter gene-specific cDNA sequences. The present microhair isolation work from O. coarctata paves the way for examining genes involved in ion secretion in this halophytic wild rice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Rajakani
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600 113, India
| | - Gothandapani Sellamuthu
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600 113, India
| | - Saravanakumar V
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600 113, India
| | - Kannappan S
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600 113, India
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
| | - Holger Meinke
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
| | - Zhonghua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
| | - Ajay Parida
- Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), NALCO Square, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia.
| | - Gayatri Venkataraman
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600 113, India.
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Jegadeeson V, Kumari K, Pulipati S, Parida A, Venkataraman G. Expression of wild rice Porteresia coarctata PcNHX1 antiporter gene (PcNHX1) in tobacco controlled by PcNHX1 promoter (PcNHX1p) confers Na +-specific hypocotyl elongation and stem-specific Na + accumulation in transgenic tobacco. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:161-170. [PMID: 30897507 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is a major abiotic stress condition that affects about half of global agricultural lands. Salinity leads to osmotic shock, ionic imbalance and/or toxicity and build-up of reactive oxygen species. Na⁺/H⁺ antiporters (NHXs) are integral membrane transporters that catalyze the electro-neutral exchange of K⁺/Na⁺ for H⁺ and are implicated in cell expansion, development, pH/ion homeostasis and salt tolerance. Porteresia coarctata is a salt secreting halophytic wild rice that thrives in the coastal-riverine interface. P. coarctata NHX1 (PcNHXI) expression is induced by salinity in P. coarctata roots and shows high sequence identity to Oryza sativa NHX1. PcNHX1 confers hygromycin and Li+ sensitivity and Na+ tolerance transport in a yeast strain lacking sodium transport systems. Additionally, transgenic PcNHX1 expressing tobacco seedlings (PcNHX1 promoter) show significant growth advantage under increasing concentrations of NaCl and MS salts. Etiolated PcNHX1 seedlings also exhibit significantly elongated hypocotyl lengths in 100 mM NaCl. PcNHX1 expression in transgenic tobacco roots increases under salinity, similar to expression in P. coarctata roots. Under incremental salinity, transgenic lines show reduction in leaf Na+, stem specific accumulation of Na+ and K+ (unaltered Na+/K+ ratios). PcNHX1 transgenic plants also show enhanced chlorophyll content and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) production in leaves under salinity. The above data suggests that PcNHX1 overexpression (controlled by PcNHX1p) enhances stem specific accumulation of Na+, thereby protecting leaf tissues from salt induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Jegadeeson
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Kumkum Kumari
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Shalini Pulipati
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Ajay Parida
- Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), NALCO Square, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Gayatri Venkataraman
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India.
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He Q, Wang X, He L, Yang L, Wang S, Bi Y. Alternative respiration pathway is involved in the response of highland barley to salt stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:295-309. [PMID: 30542981 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alternative respiration pathway is involved in the response of highland barley to salt stress. The response of two barley seedlings to salt stress was investigated. Results showed that the growth of highland barley (Kunlun 14) and barley (Ganpi 6) had no obvious difference under low concentrations (50, 100 and 200 mM) of NaCl treatment. However, high concentrations of NaCl treatment (300 and 400 mM) severely affected the growth of two barley cultivars. Under 300 mM NaCl treatment, the fresh weight, relative water content (RWC), pigments and K+ content reduced more in Ganpi 6 than in Kunlun 14. In contrast, the electrolyte leakage and the content of MDA, Na+, H2O2 and O2- increased more in Ganpi 6 than in Kunlun 14. The gene expression of AOX1a, HvNHX1, HvNHX3, HvHVP1, HvHVA, H+-ATPase, the alternative respiration capacity (Valt) and the enzymatic activity of SOD, POD, CAT, APX and H+-ATPase increased more in Kunlun14 than in Ganpi6 under 300 mM NaCl treatment, whereas the cytochrome respiration capacity (Vcyt) decreased similarly in both barley cultivars. Western blot analysis showed that the protein level of the alternative oxidase (AOX) increased more in Kunlun 14 than in Ganpi 6 under 300 mM NaCl treatment. Inhibition of the alternative respiration by salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) decreased the fresh weight, K+ content, Valt, H+-ATPase activity and the gene expression of AOX1a, HvNHX1, HvNHX3, HvHVP1, HvHVA, H+-ATPase, but increased the electrolyte leakage, MDA and Na+ content in both cultivars under 300 mM NaCl treatment. In short, alternative respiration is involved in the tolerance of highland barley to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yurong Bi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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Chen Y, Li C, Zhang B, Yi J, Yang Y, Kong C, Lei C, Gong M. The Role of the Late Embryogenesis-Abundant (LEA) Protein Family in Development and the Abiotic Stress Response: A Comprehensive Expression Analysis of Potato ( Solanum Tuberosum). Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020148. [PMID: 30781418 PMCID: PMC6410179 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Late embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) proteins are a large and highly diverse family believed to function in normal plant growth and development, and in protecting cells from abiotic stress. This study presents a characterisation of 74 Solanum tuberosum LEA (StLEA) proteins belonging to nine groups. StLEA genes have few introns (≤2) and are distributed on all chromosomes, occurring as gene clusters on chromosomes 1, 2, and 10. All four StASR (StLEA7 group) genes were concentrated on chromosome 4, suggesting their evolutionary conservation on one chromosome. Expression profiles of StLEA genes, in different tissues and in response to hormone and stress treatments, indicated that 71 StLEA genes had differential expression levels, of which 68 StLEA genes were differentially expressed in response to hormones and stress exposure in the potato. Continuous high expression of StASR-2, StLEA3-3, StDHN-3, StLEA2-29, and StLEA2-14 in different tissues indicated their contribution to plant development processes. StLEA2-14, StLEA2-31, StLEA3-3, StASR-1, and StDHN-1 were upregulated by six abiotic stresses, showing their tolerance to a wide spectrum of environmental stresses. Expression analysis of 17 selected StLEA genes in response to drought, salt, heavy metal, heat, and cold treatments by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated that StLEA proteins may be involved in distinct signalling pathways. Taken together, StLEA3, StDHN, and StASR subgroup genes may be excellent resources for potato defence against environmental stresses. These results provide valuable information and robust candidate genes for future functional analysis aimed at improving the stress tolerance of the potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkun Chen
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650550, China.
| | - Canhui Li
- Joint Academy of Potato Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650550, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Joint Academy of Potato Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650550, China.
| | - Jing Yi
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650550, China.
| | - Yu Yang
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650550, China.
| | - Chunyan Kong
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650550, China.
| | - Chunxia Lei
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650550, China.
| | - Ming Gong
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650550, China.
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Draft genome sequence of first monocot-halophytic species Oryza coarctata reveals stress-specific genes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13698. [PMID: 30209320 PMCID: PMC6135824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Oryza coarctata (KKLL; 2n = 4x = 48, 665 Mb) also known as Porteresia coarctata is an extreme halophyte species of genus Oryza. Using Illumina and Nanopore reads, we achieved the assembled genome size of 569.9 Mb, accounting 85.69% of the estimated genome size with N50 of 1.85 Mb and 19.89% repetitive region. We also found 230,968 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 5,512 non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). The functional annotation of predicted 33,627 protein-coding genes and 4,916 transcription factors revealed that high salinity adaptation of this species is due to the exclusive or excessive presence of stress-specific genes as compared to rice. We have identified 8 homologs to salt-tolerant SOS1 genes, one of the three main components of salt overly sensitive (SOS) signal pathway. On the other hand, the phylogenetic analysis of the assembled chloroplast (134.75 kb) and mitochondrial genome (491.06 kb) favours the conservative nature of these organelle genomes within Oryza taxon.
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Lakra N, Kaur C, Anwar K, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A. Proteomics of contrasting rice genotypes: Identification of potential targets for raising crops for saline environment. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:947-969. [PMID: 28337760 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
High salinity is one of the major problems in crop productivity, affecting seed germination as well as yield. In order to enhance tolerance of crops towards salinity, it is essential to understand the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms. In this endeavor, study of contrasting genotypes of the same species differing in their response towards salinity stress can be very useful. In the present study, we have investigated temporal differences in morphological, physiological and proteome profiles of two contrasting genotypes of rice to understand the basis of salt tolerance. When compared to IR64 rice, Pokkali, the salt-tolerant wild genotype, has enhanced capacity to cope with stress, better growth rate and possesses efficient antioxidant system, as well as better photosynthetic machinery. Our proteome studies revealed a higher and an early abundance of proteins involved in stress tolerance and photosynthesis in Pokkali in comparison with IR64, which, in contrast, showed greater changes in metabolic machinery even during early duration of stress. Our findings suggest important differences in physicochemical and proteome profiles of the two genotypes, which may be the basis of observed stress tolerance in the salt-tolerant Pokkali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nita Lakra
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Charanpreet Kaur
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Khalid Anwar
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sneh Lata Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Nikalje GC, Variyar PS, Joshi MV, Nikam TD, Suprasanna P. Temporal and spatial changes in ion homeostasis, antioxidant defense and accumulation of flavonoids and glycolipid in a halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193394. [PMID: 29641593 PMCID: PMC5894978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is an important environmental constraint limiting plant productivity. Understanding adaptive responses of halophytes to high saline environments may offer clues to manage and improve salt stress in crop plants. We have studied physiological, biochemical and metabolic changes in a perennial, fast growing halophyte, Sesuvium portulacastrum under 0 mM (control), 150 mM (low salt, LS) and 500 mM (high salt, HS) NaCl treatments. The changes in growth, relative water content, cation, osmolyte accumulation, H2O2 and antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT and APX) were observed under different treatment conditions. A positive correlation was revealed for sodium ion accumulation with malondialdehyde (r2 = 0.77), proline (r2 = 0.88) and chlorophyll content (r2 = 0.82) under salt treatment while a negative correlation was observed with relative tissue water content (r2 = -0.73). The roots and leaves showed contrasting accumulation of potassium and sodium ions under LS treatment. Temporal and spatial study of sodium and potassium ion content indicated differential accumulation pattern in roots and leaves, and, high potassium levels in root. Higher H2O2 content was recorded in roots than leaves and the antioxidant enzyme activities also showed significant induction under salt treatment conditions. Gene expression profiling of sodium transporters, Sodium proton exchanger (NHX3), Vacuolar ATPase (vATPase) and Salt overly sensitive1 (SOS1) showed up regulation under salt stress after 6-24 hr of NaCl treatment. Metabolite changes in the salt stressed leaves showed increased accumulation of flavonoids (3,5-dihydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxy-flavone-7-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside], and3,5-dihydroxy-6,3',4'-trimethoxy-flavone-7-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] in both LS and HS treatments, while a glycolipid, 1-O-linolenyl-2-O-(palmitoyl)-3-O-galactopyranosyl glycerol, accumulated more in LS over HS treatments and control. The results suggest that differential spatial and temporal cation levels in roots and leaves, and accumulation of flavanoid and glycolipid could be responsible for salt adaptation of S. portulacastrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh C. Nikalje
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Department of Botany, R.K. Talreja College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ulhasnagar, Thane, India
| | - P. S. Variyar
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - M. V. Joshi
- National Facility for High-field NMR, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - T. D. Nikam
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - P. Suprasanna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
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Chowrasia S, Rawal HC, Mazumder A, Gaikwad K, Sharma TR, Singh NK, Mondal TK. Oryza coarctata Roxb. COMPENDIUM OF PLANT GENOMES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-71997-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Xiong J, Sun Y, Yang Q, Tian H, Zhang H, Liu Y, Chen M. Proteomic analysis of early salt stress responsive proteins in alfalfa roots and shoots. Proteome Sci 2017; 15:19. [PMID: 29093645 PMCID: PMC5663070 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-017-0127-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the most extensively cultivated forage legume in the world, and salinity stress is the most problematic environmental factors limiting alfalfa production. To evaluate alfalfa tissue variations in response to salt stress, comparative physiological and proteomic analyses were made of salt responses in the roots and shoots of the alfalfa. Method A two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE)-based proteomic technique was employed to identify the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) from salt-treated alfalfa roots and shoots of the salt tolerance cultivars Zhongmu No 1 cultivar, which was subjected to a range of salt stress concentrations for 9 days. In parallel, REL, MAD and H2O2 contents, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes of shoots and roots were determinand. Result Twenty-seven spots in the shoots and 36 spots in the roots that exhibited showed significant abundance variations were identified by MALDI-TOF-TOF MS. These DAPs are mainly involved in the biological processes of photosynthesis, stress and defense, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, second metabolism, protein metabolism, transcriptional regulation, cell wall and cytoskeleton metabolism, ion transpor, signal transduction. In parallel, physiological data were correlated well with our proteomic results. It is worth emphasizing that some novel salt-responsive proteins were identified, such as CP12, pathogenesis-related protein 2, harvest-induced protein, isoliquiritigenin 2′-O-methyltransferase. qRT-PCR was used to study the gene expression levels of the four above-mentioned proteins; four patterns are consistent with those of induced protein. Conclusion The primary mechanisms underlying the ability of alfalfa seedlings to tolerate salt stress were photosynthesis, detoxifying and antioxidant, secondary metabolism, and ion transport. And it also suggests that the different tissues responded to salt-stress in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Yaoyuan 1, Hongshan, Wuhan, Hubei 430017 China
| | - Yan Sun
- Institute of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, 2 West Road, Yuan Ming Yuan, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Qingchuan Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, West Road 2, Yuan Ming Yuan, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Hong Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Yaoyuan 1, Hongshan, Wuhan, Hubei 430017 China
| | - Heshan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Yaoyuan 1, Hongshan, Wuhan, Hubei 430017 China
| | - Yang Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Yaoyuan 1, Hongshan, Wuhan, Hubei 430017 China
| | - Mingxin Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Yaoyuan 1, Hongshan, Wuhan, Hubei 430017 China
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Liu Y, Wang B, Li J, Song Z, Lu B, Chi M, Yang B, Qin D, Lam YW, Li J, Xu D. Salt Response Analysis in Two Rice Cultivars at Seedling Stage. ACTA PHYSIOLOGIAE PLANTARUM 2017; 39:215. [PMID: 31736527 PMCID: PMC6858053 DOI: 10.1007/s11738-017-2514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the salt-stress responses of two rice varieties, the physiological responses and biochemical responses were investigated using proteomics and classical biochemical methods. The results showed that the seedling growth was inhibited under salt condition in two rice varieties, the seedling growth in the tolerant variety was better than the sensitive variety. The sensitive variety(L7) appeared obvious salt-injury under 3-day salt stress, the tolerant variety (T07339) keep normal growth under 7-day salt stress except that the shoot length was decreased. Through the growth-parameters analysis, most of them in L7 were restrained by salinity and most in T07339 were unaffected. In T07339, the fresh root weight, the content of chlorophyll and the fresh shoot weight were even increased after 7 days of salt stress. A comparison of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) protein profiles revealed 8 differently expressed proteins. Four proteins were expressed in different pattern between sensitive and tolerant varieties. These results provide novel insights into the investigations of the salt-response proteins that involved in improved salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang, 222006, China /Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Corp Production
| | - Baoxiang Wang
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang, 222006, China /Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Corp Production
| | - Jian Li
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang, 222006, China /Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Corp Production
| | - Zhaoqiang Song
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang, 222006, China /Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Corp Production
| | - Baiguan Lu
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang, 222006, China /Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Corp Production
| | - Ming Chi
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang, 222006, China /Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Corp Production
| | - Bo Yang
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang, 222006, China /Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Corp Production
- Department of Biology, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Vermont Genetics Network Proteomics Facility, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Derong Qin
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang, 222006, China /Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Corp Production
| | - Ying-Wai Lam
- Department of Biology, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Vermont Genetics Network Proteomics Facility, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Jiaxu Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Dayong Xu
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang, 222006, China /Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Corp Production
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Mondal TK, Rawal HC, Gaikwad K, Sharma TR, Singh NK. First de novo draft genome sequence of Oryza coarctata, the only halophytic species in the genus Oryza. F1000Res 2017; 6:1750. [PMID: 29123646 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12414.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oryza coarctata plant, collected from Sundarban delta of West Bengal, India, has been used in the present study to generate draft genome sequences, employing the hybrid genome assembly with Illumina reads and third generation Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology. We report for the first time the draft genome with the coverage of 85.71 % and deposited the raw data in NCBI SRA, with BioProject ID PRJNA396417.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Kumar Mondal
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology (ICAR), PUSA, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Hukam Chand Rawal
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology (ICAR), PUSA, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology (ICAR), PUSA, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology (ICAR), PUSA, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Nagendra Kumar Singh
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology (ICAR), PUSA, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Mondal TK, Rawal HC, Gaikwad K, Sharma TR, Singh NK. First de novo draft genome sequence of Oryza coarctata, the only halophytic species in the genus Oryza. F1000Res 2017; 6:1750. [PMID: 29123646 PMCID: PMC5657017 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12414.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oryza coarctata plant, collected from Sundarban delta of West Bengal, India, has been used in the present study to generate draft genome sequences, employing the hybrid genome assembly with Illumina reads and third generation Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology. We report for the first time the draft genome with the coverage of 85.71 % and deposited the raw data in NCBI SRA, with BioProject ID
PRJNA396417.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Kumar Mondal
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology (ICAR), PUSA, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Hukam Chand Rawal
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology (ICAR), PUSA, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology (ICAR), PUSA, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology (ICAR), PUSA, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Nagendra Kumar Singh
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology (ICAR), PUSA, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Salt tolerance response revealed by RNA-Seq in a diploid halophytic wild relative of sweet potato. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9624. [PMID: 28852001 PMCID: PMC5575116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop wild relatives harbor exotic and novel genetic resources, which hold great potential for crop improvement. Ipomoea imperati is a wild diploid relative of sweet potato with the capability of high salinity tolerance. We compared the transcriptomes of I. imperati under salt stress vs. control to identify candidate genes and pathways involved in salt response. De novo assembly produced 67,911 transcripts with a high depth of coverage. A total of 39,902 putative genes were assigned annotations, and 936 and 220 genes involved in salt response in roots and leaves, respectively. Functional analysis indicated a whole system response during salt stress in I. imperati, which included four metabolic processes: sensory initiation, transcriptional reprogramming, cellular protein component change, and cellular homeostasis regulation. We identified a number of candidate genes involved in the ABA signaling pathway, as well as transcription factors, transporters, antioxidant enzymes, and enzymes associated with metabolism of synthesis and catalysis. Furthermore, two membrane transporter genes, including vacuole cation/proton exchanger and inositol transporter, were considered to play important roles in salt tolerance. This study provided valuable information not only for understanding the genetic basis of ecological adaptation but also for future application in sweet potato and other crop improvements.
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43
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Bose J, Munns R, Shabala S, Gilliham M, Pogson B, Tyerman SD. Chloroplast function and ion regulation in plants growing on saline soils: lessons from halophytes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3129-3143. [PMID: 28472512 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress impacts multiple aspects of plant metabolism and physiology. For instance it inhibits photosynthesis through stomatal limitation, causes excessive accumulation of sodium and chloride in chloroplasts, and disturbs chloroplast potassium homeostasis. Most research on salt stress has focused primarily on cytosolic ion homeostasis with few studies of how salt stress affects chloroplast ion homeostasis. This review asks the question whether membrane-transport processes and ionic relations are differentially regulated between glycophyte and halophyte chloroplasts and whether this contributes to the superior salt tolerance of halophytes. The available literature indicates that halophytes can overcome stomatal limitation by switching to CO2 concentrating mechanisms and increasing the number of chloroplasts per cell under saline conditions. Furthermore, salt entry into the chloroplast stroma may be critical for grana formation and photosystem II activity in halophytes but not in glycophytes. Salt also inhibits some stromal enzymes (e.g. fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase) to a lesser extent in halophyte species. Halophytes accumulate more chloride in chloroplasts than glycophytes and appear to use sodium in functional roles. We propose the molecular identities of candidate transporters that move sodium, chloride and potassium across chloroplast membranes and discuss how their operation may regulate photochemistry and photosystem I and II activity in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Bose
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Rana Munns
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, and School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Barry Pogson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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Dassanayake M, Larkin JC. Making Plants Break a Sweat: the Structure, Function, and Evolution of Plant Salt Glands. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:406. [PMID: 28400779 PMCID: PMC5368257 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a complex trait that poses a grand challenge in developing new crops better adapted to saline environments. Some plants, called recretohalophytes, that have naturally evolved to secrete excess salts through salt glands, offer an underexplored genetic resource for examining how plant development, anatomy, and physiology integrate to prevent excess salt from building up to toxic levels in plant tissue. In this review we examine the structure and evolution of salt glands, salt gland-specific gene expression, and the possibility that all salt glands have originated via evolutionary modifications of trichomes. Salt secretion via salt glands is found in more than 50 species in 14 angiosperm families distributed in caryophyllales, asterids, rosids, and grasses. The salt glands of these distantly related clades can be grouped into four structural classes. Although salt glands appear to have originated independently at least 12 times, they share convergently evolved features that facilitate salt compartmentalization and excretion. We review the structural diversity and evolution of salt glands, major transporters and proteins associated with salt transport and secretion in halophytes, salt gland relevant gene expression regulation, and the prospect for using new genomic and transcriptomic tools in combination with information from model organisms to better understand how salt glands contribute to salt tolerance. Finally, we consider the prospects for using this knowledge to engineer salt glands to increase salt tolerance in model species, and ultimately in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheshi Dassanayake
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton RougeLA, USA
| | - John C. Larkin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton RougeLA, USA
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45
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Menguer PK, Sperotto RA, Ricachenevsky FK. A walk on the wild side: Oryza species as source for rice abiotic stress tolerance. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:238-252. [PMID: 28323300 PMCID: PMC5452139 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oryza sativa, the common cultivated rice, is one of the most important crops for human consumption, but production is increasingly threatened by abiotic stresses. Although many efforts have resulted in breeding rice cultivars that are relatively tolerant to their local environments, climate changes and population increase are expected to soon call for new, fast generation of stress tolerant rice germplasm, and current within-species rice diversity might not be enough to overcome such needs. The Oryza genus contains other 23 wild species, with only Oryza glaberrima being also domesticated. Rice domestication was performed with a narrow genetic diversity, and the other Oryza species are a virtually untapped genetic resource for rice stress tolerance improvement. Here we review the origin of domesticated Oryza sativa from wild progenitors, the ecological and genomic diversity of the Oryza genus, and the stress tolerance variation observed for wild Oryza species, including the genetic basis underlying the tolerance mechanisms found. The summary provided here is important to indicate how we should move forward to unlock the full potential of these germplasms for rice improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Koprovski Menguer
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Raul Antonio Sperotto
- Setor de Genética e Biologia Molecular do Museu de Ciências Naturais (MCN), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGBiotec), Centro Universitário UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Klein Ricachenevsky
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agrobiologia, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Wang H, Wu Y, Yang X, Guo X, Cao X. SmLEA2, a gene for late embryogenesis abundant protein isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, confers tolerance to drought and salt stress in Escherichia coli and S. miltiorrhiza. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:685-696. [PMID: 27193100 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-0981-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, such as drought and high salinity, are major factors that limit plant growth and productivity. Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are members of a diverse, multigene family closely associated with tolerance to abiotic stresses in numerous organisms. We examined the function of SmLEA2, previously isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, in defense responses to drought and high salinity. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SmLEA2 belongs to the LEA_2 subfamily. Its overexpression in Escherichia coli improved growth performance when compared with the control under salt and drought stresses. We further characterized its roles in S. miltiorrhiza through overexpression and RNAi-mediated silencing. In response to drought and salinity treatments, transgenic plants overexpressing SmLEA2 exhibited significantly increased superoxide dismutase activity, reduced levels of lipid peroxidation, and more vigorous growth than empty-vector control plants did. However, transgenic lines in which expression was suppressed showed the opposite results. Our data demonstrate that SmLEA2 plays an important role in the abiotic stress response and its overexpression in transgenic S. miltiorrhiza improves tolerance to excess salt and drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Yucui Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Xinbing Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Xiaorong Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
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47
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Ling H, Zeng X, Guo S. Functional insights into the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein family from Dendrobium officinale (Orchidaceae) using an Escherichia coli system. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39693. [PMID: 28004781 PMCID: PMC5177895 DOI: 10.1038/srep39693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, a diverse family, accumulate during seed desiccation in the later stages of embryogenesis. LEA proteins are associated with tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity and high or cold temperature. Here, we report the first comprehensive survey of the LEA gene family in Dendrobium officinale, an important and widely grown medicinal orchid in China. Based on phylogenetic relationships with the complete set of Arabidopsis and Oryza LEA proteins, 17 genes encoding D. officinale LEAs (DofLEAs) were identified and their deduced proteins were classified into seven groups. The motif composition of these deduced proteins was correlated with the gene structure found in each LEA group. Our results reveal the DofLEA genes are widely distributed and expressed in tissues. Additionally, 11 genes from different groups were introduced into Escherichia coli to assess the functions of DofLEAs. Expression of 6 and 7 DofLEAs in E. coli improved growth performance compared with the control under salt and heat stress, respectively. Based on qPCR data, all of these genes were up-regulated in various tissues following exposure to salt and heat stresses. Our results suggest that DofLEAs play an important role in responses to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ling
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xu Zeng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shunxing Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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48
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Azri W, Barhoumi Z, Chibani F, Borji M, Bessrour M, Mliki A. Proteomic responses in shoots of the facultative halophyte Aeluropus littoralis (Poaceae) under NaCl salt stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 43:1028-1047. [PMID: 32480524 DOI: 10.1071/fp16114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is an environmental constraint that limits agricultural productivity worldwide. Studies on the halophytes provide valuable information to describe the physiological and molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Therefore, because of genetic relationships of Aeluropus littoralis (Willd) Parl. with rice, wheat and barley, the present study was conducted to investigate changes in shoot proteome patterns in response to different salt treatments using proteomic methods. To examine the effect of salinity on A. littoralis proteome pattern, salt treatments (0, 200 and 400mM NaCl) were applied for 24h and 7 and 30 days. After 24h and 7 days exposure to salt treatments, seedlings were fresh and green, but after 30 days, severe chlorosis was established in old leaves of 400mM NaCl-salt treated plants. Comparative proteomic analysis of the leaves revealed that the relative abundance of 95 and 120 proteins was significantly altered in 200 and 400mM NaCl treated plants respectively. Mass spectrometry-based identification was successful for 66 out of 98 selected protein spots. These proteins were mainly involved in carbohydrate, energy, amino acids and protein metabolisms, photosynthesis, detoxification, oxidative stress, translation, transcription and signal transduction. These results suggest that the reduction of proteins related to photosynthesis and induction of proteins involved in glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and energy metabolism could be the main mechanisms for salt tolerance in A. littoralis. This study provides important information about salt tolerance, and a framework for further functional studies on the identified proteins in A. littoralis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Azri
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Biotechnology Centre of Borj Cedria, PO Box 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Zouhaier Barhoumi
- Laboratory of Extremophyle Plants, Biotechnology Centre of Borj Cedria, PO Box 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Farhat Chibani
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Biotechnology Centre of Borj Cedria, PO Box 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Manel Borji
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Biotechnology Centre of Borj Cedria, PO Box 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Bessrour
- Laboratory of Extremophyle Plants, Biotechnology Centre of Borj Cedria, PO Box 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Mliki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Biotechnology Centre of Borj Cedria, PO Box 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Maršálová L, Vítámvás P, Hynek R, Prášil IT, Kosová K. Proteomic Response of Hordeum vulgare cv. Tadmor and Hordeum marinum to Salinity Stress: Similarities and Differences between a Glycophyte and a Halophyte. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1154. [PMID: 27536311 PMCID: PMC4971088 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Response to a high salinity treatment of 300 mM NaCl was studied in a cultivated barley Hordeum vulgare Syrian cultivar Tadmor and in a halophytic wild barley H. marinum. Differential salinity tolerance of H. marinum and H. vulgare is underlied by qualitative and quantitative differences in proteins involved in a variety of biological processes. The major aim was to identify proteins underlying differential salinity tolerance between the two barley species. Analyses of plant water content, osmotic potential and accumulation of proline and dehydrin proteins under high salinity revealed a relatively higher water saturation deficit in H. marinum than in H. vulgare while H. vulgare had lower osmotic potential corresponding with high levels of proline and dehydrins. Analysis of proteins soluble upon boiling isolated from control and salt-treated crown tissues revealed similarities as well as differences between H. marinum and H. vulgare. The similar salinity responses of both barley species lie in enhanced levels of stress-protective proteins such as defense-related proteins from late-embryogenesis abundant family, several chaperones from heat shock protein family, and others such as GrpE. However, there have also been found significant differences between H. marinum and H. vulgare salinity response indicating an active stress acclimation in H. marinum while stress damage in H. vulgare. An active acclimation to high salinity in H. marinum is underlined by enhanced levels of several stress-responsive transcription factors from basic leucine zipper and nascent polypeptide-associated complex families. In salt-treated H. marinum, enhanced levels of proteins involved in energy metabolism such as glycolysis, ATP metabolism, and photosynthesis-related proteins indicate an active acclimation to enhanced energy requirements during an establishment of novel plant homeostasis. In contrast, changes at proteome level in salt-treated H. vulgare indicate plant tissue damage as revealed by enhanced levels of proteins involved in proteasome-dependent protein degradation and proteins related to apoptosis. The results of proteomic analysis clearly indicate differential responses to high salinity and provide more profound insight into biological mechanisms underlying salinity response between two barley species with contrasting salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Maršálová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and TechnologyPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vítámvás
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Crop Research InstitutePrague, Czech Republic
| | - Radovan Hynek
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and TechnologyPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Ilja T. Prášil
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Crop Research InstitutePrague, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Kosová
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Crop Research InstitutePrague, Czech Republic
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50
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Mishra P, Mishra V, Takabe T, Rai V, Singh NK. Elucidation of salt-tolerance metabolic pathways in contrasting rice genotypes and their segregating progenies. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:1273-86. [PMID: 26993328 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-1959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Differentially expressed antioxidant enzymes, amino acids and proteins in contrasting rice genotypes, and co-location of their genes in the QTLs mapped using bi-parental population, indicated their role in salt tolerance. Soil salinity is a major environmental constraint limiting rice productivity. Salt-tolerant 'CSR27', salt-sensitive 'MI48'and their extreme tolerant and sensitive recombinant inbred line (RIL) progenies were used for the elucidation of salt stress tolerance metabolic pathways. Salt stress-mediated biochemical and molecular changes were analyzed in the two parents along with bulked-tolerant (BT) and bulked-sensitive (BS) extreme RILs. The tolerant parent and BT RILs suffered much lower reduction in the chlorophyll as compared to their sensitive counterparts. Activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) and non-enzymatic antioxidant ascorbic acid were much higher in salt-stressed CSR27 and BT RILs than MI48 and BS RILs. Further, the tolerant lines showed significant enhancement in the levels of amino acids methionine and proline in response to salt stress in comparison to the sensitive lines. Similarly, the tolerant genotypes showed minimal reduction in cysteine content whereas sensitive genotypes showed a sharp reduction. Real time PCR analysis confirmed the induction of methionine biosynthetic pathway (MBP) enzymes cystathionine-β synthase (CbS), S-adenosyl methionine synthase (SAMS), S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) and serine hydroxymethyl transferase (SHMT) genes in tolerant lines, suggesting potential role of the MBP in conferring salt tolerance in rice variety CSR27. Proteome profiling also confirmed higher expression of SOD, POD and plastidic CbS and other proteins in the tolerant lines, whose genes were co-located in the QTL intervals for salt tolerance mapped in the RIL population. The study signifies integrated biochemical-molecular approach for identifying salt tolerance genes for genetic improvement for stress tolerant rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Mishra
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
- Banasthali University, Tonk, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vagish Mishra
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Teruhiro Takabe
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Vandna Rai
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
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