1
|
Grigg T, Handy RD, Billington RA. The use of insect cell line Sf21 for ecotoxicity testing. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s10646-024-02781-9. [PMID: 38995497 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Insect cell lines are finding utility in many areas of biology, but their application as an in vitro tool for ecotoxicity testing has been given less attention. Our study aimed to demonstrate the utility and sensitivity of Sf21 cells to commonly used fungicides: Propiconazole and CuSO4, as well as dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) an industrial solvent. Sf21 cells were readily cultured from frozen stocks in 3-4 days and showed utility as an invertebrate in vitro acute toxicity test. The data showed the threshold levels of cell survivability against propiconazole and CuSO4. The EC50 values were 135.1 μM and 3.31 mM respectively. The LOAEL (lowest observed adverse effect level) was ≈ 1 μM for propiconazole and ≈ 10 μM for CuSO4. Culturing of Sf21 cells in media containing the solvent DMSO showed that 0.5% DMSO concentration did not effect cell viability. Sf21 cells are sensitive and useful as a robust ecologically relevant screening tool for acute toxicity testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Grigg
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Richard D Handy
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Richard A Billington
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Green SL, Silvester E, Dworkin S, Shakya M, Klein A, Lowe R, Datta K, Holland A. Molecular variations to the proteome of zebrafish larvae induced by environmentally relevant copper concentrations. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 272:106963. [PMID: 38776608 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Contaminants are increasingly accumulating in aquatic environments and biota, with potential adverse effects on individual organisms, communities and ecosystems. However, studies that explore the molecular changes in fish caused by environmentally relevant concentrations of metals, such as copper (Cu), are limited. This study uses embryos of the model organism zebrafish (Danio rerio) to investigate effect of Cu on the proteome and amino acid (AA) composition of fish. Wild-type embryos at 24 h post-fertilisation were exposed to Cu (2 µg L-1 to 120 µg L-1) for 96 h and the number of healthy larvae were determined based on larvae that had hatched and did not display loss of equilibrium (LOE). The effect concentrations where Cu caused a 10 % (EC10) or 50 % (EC50) decrease in the number of healthy larvae were calculated as 3.7 µg L-1 and 10.9 µg L-1, respectively. Proteomics analysis of embryos exposed to the EC10 and EC50 concentrations of Cu revealed the proteome to differ more strongly after 48 h than 96 h, suggesting the acclimatisation of some larvae. Exposure to excess Cu caused differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) involved in oxidative stress, mitochondrial respiration, and neural transduction as well as the modulation of the AAs (Proline, Glycine and Alanine). This is the first study to suggest that LOE displayed by Cu-stressed fish may involve the disruption to GABAergic proteins and the calcium-dependent inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Moreover, this study highlights that proteomics and AA analysis can be used to identify potential biomarkers for environmental monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Green
- Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, 133 Mckoy Street, West Wodonga, Albury-Wodonga Campus, Victoria 3690, Australia.
| | - Ewen Silvester
- Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, 133 Mckoy Street, West Wodonga, Albury-Wodonga Campus, Victoria 3690, Australia
| | - Sebastian Dworkin
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Manisha Shakya
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annaleise Klein
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Rohan Lowe
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Platform, La Trobe University, Bundoora Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Keshava Datta
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Platform, La Trobe University, Bundoora Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aleicia Holland
- Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, 133 Mckoy Street, West Wodonga, Albury-Wodonga Campus, Victoria 3690, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Oliveira Furo I, Nogueira LS, de Sousa RPC, Silva-Oliveira GC, Dos Santos da Silva DM, Costa-Malaquias A, de Oliveira EHC. New parameters for in vitro development of cell lines of the species Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Geophagus proximus (Castelnau, 1855). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 105:85-94. [PMID: 38634376 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Intending to compare in vitro cell growth in different conditions, we established cell cultures using fin biopsies of two freshwater fishes, Astyanax bimaculatus and Geophagus proximus. Three different culture media (Leibovitz-L-15, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium [DMEM], and 199) were employed, with or without the addition of AmnioMax, maintaining a standard temperature of 29°C. Based on the results obtained, we standardized a cell growth protocol in which medium 199 was less efficient for both species. Notably, G. proximus cells exhibited superior proliferation in DMEM and L-15 media, whereas A. bimaculatus cells demonstrated better parameters exclusively in the DMEM medium. Successful subculturing of cells with good proliferation index was observed, accompanied by preserved morphological characteristics. Therefore, the methodology outlined in this study represents an advancement in establishing fish cell cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivanete de Oliveira Furo
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, Brazil
- Laboratório de Citogenômica e Mutagênese Ambiental, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Lygia S Nogueira
- Laboratório de Citogenômica e Mutagênese Ambiental, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Petry Corrêa de Sousa
- Laboratório de Citogenômica e Mutagênese Ambiental, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil
- Laboratório de Evolução, Instituto de estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Brazil
| | | | - Diovanna Mirella Dos Santos da Silva
- Laboratório de Citogenômica e Mutagênese Ambiental, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil
- PIBIC-PROPESP, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Allan Costa-Malaquias
- Laboratório de Tecnologia e Inovação em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Pará, Altamira, Brazil
| | - Edivaldo H C de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Citogenômica e Mutagênese Ambiental, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Naturais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kwong RWM. Trace metals in the teleost fish gill: biological roles, uptake regulation, and detoxification mechanisms. J Comp Physiol B 2024:10.1007/s00360-024-01565-1. [PMID: 38916671 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
In fish, the gill plays a vital role in regulating the absorption of trace metals and is also highly susceptible to metal toxicity. Trace metals such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) are involved in various catalytic activities and molecular binding within the gill, thereby supporting a range of physiological processes in this organ. While beneficial at normal levels, these metals can become toxic when present in excess. Conversely, nonessential metals like cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) can gain entry into gill cells through similar metal transport pathways, potentially interfering with various cellular processes. The transepithelial transport of these metals across the gill epithelium is governed by a variety of metal transport and metal binding proteins. These include the Cu transporter 1 (CTR1), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), and members of the Zrt-/Irt-like protein (ZIP) and zinc transport (ZnT) families. Additionally, some of these metals can compete with major ions (e.g., calcium, sodium) for absorption sites in the gill. This complex crosstalk suggests an interdependent mechanism that balances metal uptake to meet physiological needs while preventing excessive accumulation. In this article, I review the roles of trace metals in proteins/enzymes that support the different functions in the gill of teleost fish. I also discuss current understanding of the pathways involved in regulating the branchial uptake of metals and their influence on ionic regulation, and the potential detoxification mechanisms in the gill. Finally, I summarize knowledge gaps and potential areas for further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond W M Kwong
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar N, Gismondi E, Reddy KS. Copper and nanocopper toxicity using integrated biomarker response in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1581-1600. [PMID: 38009665 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The current study focused on assessing the toxicological effects of copper (Cu) and copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) in acute condition on Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The median lethal concentration (LC50 ) for Cu and Cu-NPs were determined as 8.04 and 3.85 mg L-1 , respectively. For the subsequent definitive test, varying concentrations were selected: 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, and 9.0 mg L-1 for Cu, and 3.0, 3.3, 3.6, 3.9, and 4.2 mg L-1 for Cu-NPs. To encompass these concentration levels and assess their toxic effects, biomarkers associated with toxicological studies like oxidative stress, neurotransmission, and cellular metabolism were measured in the liver, kidney, and gill tissues. Notably, during the acute test, the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and lipid peroxide in the liver, gill, and kidney tissues were significantly increased due to exposure to Cu and Cu-NPs. Similarly, acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain was notably inhibited in the presence of Cu and Cu-NPs when compared to the control group. Cellular metabolic stress was greatly influenced by the exposure to Cu and Cu-NPs, evident from the considerable elevation of cortisol, HSP 70, and blood glucose levels in the treated groups. Furthermore, integrated biomarker response, genotoxicity, DNA damage in gill tissue, karyotyping in kidney tissue, and histopathology in gill and liver were investigated, revealing tissue damage attributed to exposure to Cu and Cu-NPs. In conclusion, this study determined that elevated concentrations of essential trace elements, namely Cu and Cu-NPs, induce toxicity and disrupt cellular metabolic activities in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Pune, India
| | - Eric Gismondi
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology (LEAE)-Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of Research (FOCUS), Chemistry Institute, University of Liege, Liège, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Long J, Yang P, Liu Y, Liu X, Li H, Su X, Zhang T, Xu J, Chen G, Jiang J. The Extract of Angelica sinensis Inhibits Hypoxia-Reoxygenation and Copper-Induced Oxidative Lesions and Apoptosis in Branchiae and Red Blood Corpuscles of Fish. Vet Sci 2023; 11:1. [PMID: 38275917 PMCID: PMC10821500 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The study explored the effects of Angelica sinensis extract (AsE) on oxidative lesions and apoptosis in branchiae and red blood corpuscles in hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) and Cu-treated carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). After feeding trial for 30 days, the carp were exposed to HR and CuSO4. The results indicated that dietary AsE increased the durative time, decreased the oxygen consumption rate, suppressed ROS generation and cellular component oxidation, decreased enzymatic antioxidant activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in red blood corpuscles and branchiae in carp under hypoxia. Moreover, dietary AsE avoided the loss of Na+,K+-ATPase, metabolic and antioxidant enzyme activities, ROS generation and cellular component oxidation, as well as the increase in caspase-8, 9, and 3 activities in the branchiae of the carp and inhibited ROS generation. It furthermore avoided the loss of Na+,K+-ATPase and metabolic enzyme activities, the decrease in GSH levels and hemoglobin content, the increase in the activities of caspase-8, 9, and 3 and the increase in the levels of cytochrome c and phosphatidylserine exposure in the red blood corpuscles of Cu-exposed carp. The present results suggested that dietary AsE improved hypoxia tolerance and inhibited HR or Cu-triggered oxidative lesions and apoptosis. Therefore, AsE can be utilized as a natural inhibitor of Cu and HR stress in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Long
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (J.L.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.S.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Pengyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (J.L.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.S.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Yihua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (J.L.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.S.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Xiaoru Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (J.L.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.S.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Huatao Li
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (J.L.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.S.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (J.L.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.S.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (J.L.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.S.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (J.L.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.S.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Gangfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (J.L.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.S.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chang X, Wang WX. Phthalate acid esters contribute to the cytotoxicity of mask leachate: Cell-based assay for toxicity assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132093. [PMID: 37494796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
After the COVID-19 outbreak, masks have become an essential part of people lives. Although several studies have been conducted to determine the release of hazardous substances from masks, how their co-presence poses a potential exposure risk to human health remains unexplored. In this study, we quantitatively compared the leaching of substances from six different common types of masks, including phthalate acid esters (PAEs), metals, and microplastics (MPs), and comprehensively evaluated the potential cytotoxicity of different leachates. MPs smaller than 3 µm were quantified by Py-GC-MS, and reusable masks showed greater releasing potentials up to 1504 µg/g. We also detected the prevalence of PAEs in masks, with the highest release reaching 42 μg/g, with dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) being the predominant types. Moreover, the antimicrobial cloth masks released 173.0 µg of Cu or 4.5 µg of Ag, representing 2.7% and 0.04% of the original masks, respectively. Our cell-based assay results demonstrated for the first time that mask leachate induced nuclear condensation with DNA damage, and simultaneously triggered high levels of glutathione and reactive oxidative stress production, which exacerbated mitochondrial fragmentation, eventually leading to cell death. Combined with substance identification and correlation analysis, PAEs were found to be the contributors to cytotoxicity. Masks containing Cu or Ag led to acidification of lysosomes and alkalinization of cells. These results strongly suggested that the levels of PAEs in the production of regulatory masks should be strictly controlled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xia Y, Wang WX. Bioimaging tools reveal copper processing in fish cells by mitophagy. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023:106633. [PMID: 37451870 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
As an essential trace metal, copper (Cu) regulation, distribution and detoxification among different cellular organelles remain much unknown. In the current study, bioimaging tool was used in visualizing the locations of Cu among different organelles in fish fin cells isolated from rabbitfish Siganus fuscescens. Exposure concentration of Cu directly affected the Cu bioaccumulation and toxicity. When the exposure dosage of Cu reached 100 µM, it began to damage the cells and affect the cell viability after 10 min of exposure. Remarkably, while various Cu concentrations (50∼150 µM) initially reduced the cell viability, they did not lead to a further loss in viability over extended exposure period. Upon entry to the cells, Cu was mainly targeted to the mitochondria whose number, size and network responded immediately to the incoming Cu. However, Cu toxicity did not increase time-dependently, strongly indicating that these mitochondria damaged by Cu could be removed and its cytotoxicity could be relieved. Bioimaging results showed that lysosomes interacted with the mitochondria, which were subsequently digested within a few minutes. Meanwhile the lysosomal number increased, and the size and pH of lysosomes decreased. These reactions were in line with the observed mitophagy, suggesting that mitochondrial Cu could be detoxified, and the damaged mitochondria were removed by lysosome via mitophagy. By further purifying the cellular organelles, the mitochondrial and lysosomal Cu amounts were quantified and found to be in line with the imaging results. The present study suggested that excessive mitochondrial Cu could be removed via mitophagy to relieve the Cu toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiteng Xia
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liao W, Zhu Z, Feng C, Yan Z, Hong Y, Liu D, Jin X. Toxicity mechanisms and bioavailability of copper to fish based on an adverse outcome pathway analysis. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 127:495-507. [PMID: 36522080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) exists in a variety of forms in different aquatic environments, and affects their bioavailability. In this study we provide a systematic review on toxicity of Cu which focuses on identifying evidence in the mechanisms of Cu toxicity, and apply an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) analysis to identify multiple potential mechanisms and their interactions of Cu toxicity to fish. This analysis process included the mechanisms of behavior toxicant, oxidative toxicant, ion regulation disruption toxicity, as well as endocrine disruption toxicity. It was found that at low levels of Cu exposure, swimming, avoid predators, locating prey and other sensory functions will be impaired, and the organism will suffer from metabolic alkalosis and respiratory acidosis following the inhibition of the carbonic anhydrase active. The main pathway of acute toxicity of Cu to fish is the inhibition of the Na+/K+-ATPase enzyme, and lead to reduced intracellular sodium absorption, as well as Cu-induced increased cell permeability, in turn resulting in increased sodium ion loss, leading to cardiovascular collapse and respiratory insufficiency. The endocrine disruption toxicity of Cu to fish caused growth inhibition and reproductive reduction. In addition, there are several key pathways of Cu toxicity that are affected by hardness (e.g., Ca2+) and intracellular DOC concentrations, including inhibiting Cu-induction, improving branchial gas exchange, altering membrane transport functions, decreasing Na+ loss, and increasing Na+ uptake. The results of the AOP analysis will provide a robust framework for future directed research on the mechanisms of Cu toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Wetland Research Center, Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330032, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; Jiangxi Irrigation Experiment Central Station, Nanchang 330201, China
| | - Ziwei Zhu
- Wetland Research Center, Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330032, China
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Zhenfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yajun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Daqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu M, Wang C, Ke L, Chen D, Qin Y, Han J. Correlation between copper speciation and transport pathway in Caco-2 cells. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:1895-1900. [PMID: 36287610 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that, in contrast to the properties of food-derived copper, water-derived copper exerts neurotoxic effects and exhibits different speciation during digestion. The cellular uptake efficiencies of different speciation of copper are distinct. However, it is unclear whether these different speciation share the same transport pathway in intestinal epithelial cells. In the present study, the intracellular accumulation of copper derived from copper ion and copper complex solutions was investigated in Caco-2 cells. RESULTS The cellular accumulation of copper derived from copper ions was higher than that of copper derived from the copper complex. Treatment with carboplatin and Ag+ , which are copper transporter receptor 1 (Ctr1, LC31A1) inhibitors, did not inhibit copper accumulation in Caco-2 cells, but inhibited copper accumulation in HepG2 cells. Zinc ion significantly decreased the intracellular copper content from 114 ± 7 μg g-1 protein to 88 ± 4 μg g-1 protein in the copper ion-treated Caco-2 cells, but not in the copper complex-treated Caco-2 cells (84.6 ± 14 μg g-1 protein versus 87.7 ± 20 μg g-1 protein, P > 0.05). Additionally, copper accumulation in Caco-2 and HepG2 cells significantly differed depending on different solvents (Hanks' balanced salt solution and NaNO3 , P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results indicate that the intracellular accumulation of copper derived from copper ion and copper complex is mediated by distinct copper transport pathways. Copper speciation may be an important factor that affects copper absorption and toxicity. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Ecology and Health Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Food Nutrition Science Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Ecology and Health Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leqin Ke
- Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Ecology and Health Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dewen Chen
- Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Ecology and Health Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yumei Qin
- Food Nutrition Science Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Han
- Food Nutrition Science Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fenton PC, Turner CJ, Hogstrand C, Bury NR. Fluid shear stress affects the metabolic and toxicological response of the rainbow trout gill cell line RTgill-W1. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 90:105590. [PMID: 36997009 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The Rainbow trout gill cell-line (RTgill-W1) has been accepted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD TG249) as a replacement for fish in acute toxicity tests. In these tests cells are exposed under static conditions. In contrast, in vivo, water moves over fish gills generating fluid shear stress (FSS) that alters cell physiology and response to toxicants. The current study uses a specialised 3D printed chamber designed to house inserts and allows for the flow (0.2 dynes cm2) of water over the cells. This system was used to assess RTgill-W1 cell responses to FSS in the absence and presence of copper (Cu) over 24 h. FSS caused increased gene expression of mechanosensitive channel peizo1 and the Cu-transporter atp7a, elevated reactive oxygen species generation and increased expression of superoxidase dismutase. Cell metabolism was unaffected by Cu (0.163 μM to 2.6 μM Cu) under static conditions but significantly reduced by FSS + Cu above 1.3 μM. Differential expression of metallothionein (mt) a and b was observed with increased expression of mta under static conditions and mtb under FSS on exposure to Cu. These findings highlight toxicologically relevant mechanosensory responses by RTgill-W1 to FSS that may influence toxicological responses.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Y, Liu Y, Ma H, Sun M, Wang X, Jin S, Yuan X. Insufficient or excessive dietary carbohydrates affect gut health through change in gut microbiota and regulation of gene expression of gut epithelial cells in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108442. [PMID: 36410648 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dietary carbohydrate levels can affect gut health, but the roles played by gut microbiota and gut epithelial cells, and their interactions remain unclear. In this experiment, we investigated gut health, gut microbiota, and the gene expression profiles of gut epithelial cells in grass carp consuming diets with different carbohydrate levels. Compared to the moderate-carbohydrate diet, low-carbohydrate diet significantly increased the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Ralstonia and Elizabethkingia) and decreased the abundance of metabolism in cofactors and vitamins, implying a dysregulated gut microbiota and compromised metabolic function. Moreover, low-carbohydrate diet inhibited the expression levels of key genes in autophagy-related pathways in gut epithelial cells, which might directly lead to reduced clearance of defective organelles and pathogenic microorganisms. These aforementioned factors may be responsible for the imperfect organization of the intestinal tract. High-carbohydrate diet also significantly increased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Flavobacterium), which directly contributed to a decrease in the abundance of immune system of the microbiota. Furthermore, the active pathways of staphylococcus aureus infection and complement and coagulation cascades, as well as the inhibition of the glutathione metabolism pathway were observed. Above results implied that high-carbohydrate diet might ultimately cause severe gut damage by affecting immune function of microbiota, mentioned immune-related pathways, and the antioxidant capacity. Finally, the correlation network diagram revealed strong correlations of the differentially immune-related gene major histocompatibility complex class I antigen (MR1) with Enhydrobacter and Ruminococcus_gnavus_group in low-carbohydrate diet group, and Arenimonas in high-carbohydrate diet group, respectively, suggesting that MR1 might be a central target for immune responses in gut epithelial cells induced by gut microbiota at different levels of dietary carbohydrate. All these results provided insight in the development of antagonistic probiotics and target genes to improve the utilization of carbohydrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Huan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Manjie Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Shengzhen Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaochen Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen Y, Cheng B, Liu Y, Bai Y, Yang X, Xu S. Metabolic responses of golden trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita) after acute exposure to waterborne copper. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 249:106236. [PMID: 35842982 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the broad knowledge of copper-induced stress and toxicity, data on the physiological responses to acute copper exposure and the correlation of those activities to a generalized stress response are still limited. The present study aimed to assess the physiological responses of golden trout to overcome copper stress at concentrations of 60 µg/L and 120 µg/L after 96 h, respectively. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and NADPH/NADP+ ratio were significantly increased, and metabolites including glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 1-phosphate and fatty acids significantly accumulated in fish liver, indicating that gluconeogenesis, the pentose-phosphate pathway, as well as alteration of the membrane fatty acid composition were activated to serve as a defense mechanism against 60 µg/L of copper after 96 h. After exposure to 120 µg/L of copper for 96 h, the NAD+ and ATP contents, the activities of enzymes in the glycolytic pathway (phosphofructokinase, PFK and pyruvate kinase, PK) and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I decreased significantly in fish liver. In addition, carbohydrates and MDA accumulated in golden trout after 120 µg/L copper treatment. These results indicated that 120 µg/L of copper exposure may induce a metabolic stress in golden trout after 96 h. The multi-marker approach allows us to reach a greater understanding of the effects of copper on physiological responses of golden trout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Fisheries Science Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, PR China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, PR China
| | - Yucen Bai
- China Rural Technology Development Center, No.54 Sanlihe Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100045, PR China.
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Fisheries Science Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, PR China
| | - Shaogang Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Fisheries Science Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Williams S, Stoskopf M, Francis‐Floyd R, Koutsos L, Dierenfeld E, Harmon T, Cicotello E, German D, Semmen K, Keaffaber J, Olea‐Popelka F, Livingston S, Sullivan K, Valdes E. Recommendations and Action Plans to Improve Ex Situ Nutrition and Health of Marine Teleosts. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2022; 34:69-81. [PMID: 35199884 PMCID: PMC9321147 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The International Workshop for Ex-Situ Marine Teleost Nutrition and Health, hosted by Disney's Animals, Science and Environment in conjunction with the Comparative Nutrition Society, brought together over 50 animal experts and scientists representing 20 institutions to review current science and identify challenges of marine teleost nutrition and health. Invited speakers presented critical information and current research topics for areas of emphasis and expertise. Subject matter experts identified knowledge gaps and primary areas of focus to guide the scientific community's research efforts to improve the care of ex situ marine teleosts. The clinical medicine working group highlighted standardized approaches to ante- and postmortem sample collection, diet biosecurity and supplementation, advanced diagnostic methods, and expanded training in fish nutrition. Nutrition identified the creation of a husbandry and feeding management manual, comprehensive feeding program review and design, and specialty feeder/life stage nutrition as areas of focus, while animal husbandry focused on body condition scoring, feed delivery techniques, and behavioral husbandry topics. The physiology and chemistry and water quality working groups discussed components of the aquatic environment and their effects on fish health, including organic matter constituents, microbial diversity, disinfection, and managing microbiota. Finally, we reviewed how epidemiological approaches and considerations can improve our evaluation of aquarium teleost nutrition and health. The goals outlined by each working group and supporting literature discussion are detailed in this communication and represent our goals for the next 3 to 5 years, with the ultimate objective of the workshop being the production of a husbandry manual for marine teleost nutrition and health. Any scientists who feel that their experience, research, or interests align with these goals are invited to participate by contacting the authors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Williams
- Disney's Animals, Science and Environment Animal Nutrition1200 East Savannah CircleBay LakeFlorida32830USA
| | - Michael Stoskopf
- Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State University303 College DriveMorehead CityNorth Carolina28557USA
| | - Ruth Francis‐Floyd
- Department of Large Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of FloridaPost Office Box 100136GainesvilleFlorida32610USA
| | - Liz Koutsos
- EnviroFlight LLC1118 Progress WayMaysvilleKentucky41056USA
| | - Ellen Dierenfeld
- Ellen S. DierenfeldLLC, 4736 Gatesbury DriveSt. LouisMissouri63128USA
| | - Todd Harmon
- Disney's Animals, Science and Environment, Animal Care2012‐A North Avenue of the StarsBay LakeFlorida32830USA
| | - Eileen Cicotello
- Zoological Consultant250 N.Banana River, Drive E20Merritt IslandFlorida32952USA
| | - Donovan German
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California321 Steinhaus HallIrvineCalifornia92697USA
| | - Kent Semmen
- Disney's Animals, Science and Environment, Water Sciences2016 North Avenue of the StarsBay LakeFlorida32830USA
| | - Jeffery Keaffaber
- SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Environmental Design9205 South Park Center Loop, Suite 400OrlandoFlorida32819USA
| | - Francisco Olea‐Popelka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Shannon Livingston
- Disney's Animals, Science and Environment Animal Nutrition1200 East Savannah CircleBay LakeFlorida32830USA
| | - Kathleen Sullivan
- Disney's Animals, Science and Environment Animal Nutrition1200 East Savannah CircleBay LakeFlorida32830USA
| | - Eduardo Valdes
- Disney's Animals, Science and Environment Animal Nutrition1200 East Savannah CircleBay LakeFlorida32830USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jiang WD, Zhang L, Feng L, Wu P, Liu Y, Kuang SY, Li SW, Tang L, Mi HF, Zhang L, Zhou XQ. New Insight on the Immune Modulation and Physical Barrier Protection Caused by Vitamin A in Fish Gills Infected With Flavobacterium columnare. Front Immunol 2022; 13:833455. [PMID: 35401542 PMCID: PMC8992971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.833455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the influence of vitamin A on gill barrier function of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) infected with Flavobacterium columnare. The fish were fed different concentrations of vitamin A diets for 10 weeks and then infected with F. columnare by immersion. We observed that optimal vitamin A significantly prevented gill rot morbidity in fish infected with F. columnare. Further investigations revealed that vitamin A boosted the gill immunity by increasing the contents of complements (C3 and C4), activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and lysozyme, mRNAs of β-defensin-1, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2A and 2B (LEAP-2A and LEAP-2B), hepcidin, and anti-inflammatory cytokines like transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β2, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and IL-11. It also enhanced the levels of various related signaling molecules including inhibitor protein κBα (IκBα), target of rapamycin (TOR), and ribosome protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) but downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interferon γ2 (IFN-γ2) and related signaling molecules including nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65) (rather than NF-κB p52), IκB kinase β (IKKβ), IKKγ (rather than IKKα), eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), and 4E-BP2 mRNA levels in fish gills. In addition, dietary vitamin A markedly lowered the concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl (PC), increased both the activities and mRNAs of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD), MnSOD, glutathione transferases (GSTs), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) associated with upregulation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNAs and downregulation of Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein (Keap1a) and Keap1b mRNAs. Moreover, vitamin A decreased the mRNAs of different apoptotic mediators [caspases 8, 9, 3 (rather than 7)] associated with downregulation of signaling molecule p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) mRNAs in fish gills. Besides, vitamin A promoted tight junction (TJ) complex mRNAs [including claudin-b, -c, -3, -7, -12, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1)] that have been linked to the downregulation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signaling. Taken together, the current study demonstrated for the first time that vitamin A markedly enhanced gill health associated with immune modulation and physical barrier protection. Based on protecting fish against gill rot morbidity, ACP activity, and against lipid peroxidation, optimum vitamin A concentrations in on-growing grass carp (262-997 g) were found to be 1,991, 2,188, and 2,934 IU/kg diet, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Shu-Wei Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Feng Mi
- Tongwei Co., Ltd., Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Tongwei Co., Ltd., Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pan M, Cheng ZW, Huang CG, Ye ZQ, Sun LJ, Chen H, Fu BB, Zhou K, Fang ZR, Wang ZJ, Xiao QZ, Liu XS, Zhu FQ, Gao S. Long-term exposure to copper induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in mouse hearts. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113329. [PMID: 35255253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Copper is a trace element necessary for the normal functioning of organisms, but excessive copper contents may be toxic to the heart. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of excessive copper accumulation in mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis inhibition. In vivo, the heart copper concentration and cardiac troponin I (c-TnI) and N-terminal forebrain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) levels increased in the copper-laden model group compared to those of the control group. Histopathological and ultrastructural observations revealed that the myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF), perivascular collagen area (PVCA) and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area (CSA) were markedly elevated in the copper-laden model group compared with the control group. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the mitochondrial double-layer membrane was incomplete in the copper-laden model groups. Furthermore, cytochrome C (Cyt-C) expression was downregulated in mitochondria but upregulated in the cytoplasm in response to copper accumulation. In addition, Bcl-2 expression decreased, while Bax and cleaved caspase-3 levels increased. These results indicate that copper accumulation in cardiomyocyte mitochondria induces mitochondrial injury, and Cyt-C exposure and induces apoptosis, further resulting in heart damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Zi-Wei Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chen-Guang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhu-Qing Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Li-Jun Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Bei-Bei Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhi-Rui Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zi-Jian Wang
- Clinic Medical School of Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 230031, China
| | - Qing-Zhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xue-Sheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, China
| | - Feng-Qin Zhu
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Selenium Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Pantoea agglomerans and Their Effects on Cellular and Physiological Parameters in the Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030463. [PMID: 35336836 PMCID: PMC8945037 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Nanoparticles (Nps), new biotechnological tools, possess unique physical and chemical properties and are increasingly being used in several fields, such as manufacture, medicine and veterinary medicine. In this work, we evaluated the effects of selenium (Se) nanoparticles stabilized with L-Cysteine (Se0Nps/L-Cys) as a nutritional supplement, to modulate immunological, oxidative status, and productive parameters in O. mykiss. The results demonstrated that Se0Nps/L-Cys showed less toxicity and higher antioxidant activity than Se0Nps and Na2SeO3. The Se0Nps/L-Cys, as a dietary supplement, had a significantly better effect on both immunological and physiological parameters, causing improvements at the productive level of O. mykiss when compared with Se0Nps and Na2SeO3. We concluded that Se0Nps sythetised by P. agglomerans, used as dietary supplement, is an environmentally friendly and promising alternative for nutritional supplementation for O. mykiss. Abstract The applications of nanoparticles (Nps) as food additives, health enhancers, and antimicrobials in animal production are increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of selenium (Se) nanoparticles (Se0Nps) stabilized with L-cysteine (Se0Nps/L-Cys), as a nutritional supplement, on immunological, oxidative status, and productive parameters in O. mykiss. TEM and SEM-EDS showed the accumulation of spherical Se0Nps entirely composed by elemental selenium (Se0) as intracellular and extracellular deposits in Pantoea agglomerans UC-32 strain. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of Se0Nps/L-Cys was significant more efficient ROS scavengers than Se0Nps and Na2SeO3. We also evaluate the effect of Se0Nps/L-Cys on cell viability and oxidative stress in RTgill-W1, RTS-11, or T-PHKM Oncorhynchus mykiss cell lines. Se0Nps/L-Cys showed less toxic and high antioxidant activity than Se0Nps and Na2SeO3. Finally, the dietary Se0Nps/L-Cys had a significant better effect on both plasma lysozyme and respiratory burst activity (innate immune response), on tissular Gpx activity (oxidative status), and on well-being (productive parameter) of O. mykiss when it is compared to Se0Nps and Na2SeO3. Se0Nps/L-Cys is a promising alternative for nutritional supplement for O. mykiss with better performance than Na2SeO3 and Se0Nps, ease to implementation, and reduced environmental impact.
Collapse
|
18
|
Demir T, Mutlu E, Aydın S, Gültepe N. Physicochemical water quality of Karabel, Çaltı, and Tohma brooks and blood biochemical parameters of Barbus plebejus fish: assessment of heavy metal concentrations for potential health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:755. [PMID: 34716518 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to comparatively examine the physical quality parameters of water samples taken from Karabel, Çaltı, and Tohma brooks in Sivas province and the blood biochemical parameters of blood samples of Barbus plebejus fish obtained from these waters. In periods when chemical pollution in water increased and decreased, it was determined that GLU and UA among blood biochemical parameters were significantly affected. Moreover, the potential risk levels of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and ferrous (Fe) for human health were compared to the international standards. Metal (Fe, Pb, Cu, and Cd) concentrations in the water were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The highest HQingestion values of Cd were found in Brook Çaltı, which were 0.0018 for adults and 0.1980 for children. THQ upper limit set by the United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA) is < 1. It was determined that HQingestion, HQdermal, and THQ values of all the heavy metals were much lower than this limit. It was concluded that water quality parameters of samples taken from Karabel, Çaltı, and Tohma brooks on monthly basis for 12 months were not higher than the limits and the water qualities of brooks were determined to be "good".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Demir
- Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Ekrem Mutlu
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Seyit Aydın
- Vocational School Veterinary Department, Laboratory and Veterinary Health Program, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nejdet Gültepe
- Fisheries Faculty, Department of Fisheries Fundamental Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu M, Ke L, Zhi M, Qin Y, Han J. The influence of gastrointestinal pH on speciation of copper in simulated digestive juice. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5174-5182. [PMID: 34532026 PMCID: PMC8441336 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Speciation can provide knowledge about absorption, reactivity to binding sites, bioavailability, toxicity, and excretion of elements. In this study, the speciation of copper in different model solutions under the influence of gastrointestinal (GI) pH was studied by ion selective electrode (ISE) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). It was found that the electrode response (mV) against Cu2+ decreased with the increase in pH and dropped to the lowest point at pH 7.5 in all model solutions. When amino acids and organic acids were present, the ratio of filtered copper (0.45 μm, pH 7.5) was more than 90%. When casein was present, whey protein, pancreatin, and starch were added, and the ratio of filtered copper was 85.6 ± 0.3, 56.7 ± 8.8, 38.5 ± 5.1, and 1.0 ± 0.3%, respectively. When there is not enough organic ligand, excessive copper will form copper hydroxide precipitation with the increase in pH, but it got the highest electrode response (mV) against Cu2+. From this study, it can be concluded that the speciation of copper in GI tract is strongly influenced by the pH and the composition of food. When there are few ligands coexisting in the GI tract, the concentration of copper ion may be relatively high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Hangzhou Vocational & Technical CollegeEcology and Health InstituteHangzhouChina
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Food Science and BiotechnologyZhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Leqin Ke
- Hangzhou Vocational & Technical CollegeEcology and Health InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Mingyu Zhi
- Hangzhou Vocational & Technical CollegeEcology and Health InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Yumei Qin
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Food Science and BiotechnologyZhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jianzhong Han
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Food Science and BiotechnologyZhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
de Paula AA, Risso WE, Martinez CBDR. Effects of copper on an omnivorous (Astyanax altiparanae) and a carnivorous fish (Hoplias malabaricus): A comparative approach. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 237:105874. [PMID: 34090247 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential metal for life. However, in excess, it can lead to osmoregulatory disorders and oxidative stress in fish and these effects appear to be species specific. In order to evaluate the effects of copper and to compare the sensitivity of two Neotropical fishes that co-occur in nature as prey (Astyaynax altiparanae) and predator (Hoplias malabaricus), the fish were exposed to three concentrations of Cu (5 μg L-1, 10 μg L-1, and 20 μg L-1) for 96 h. At the end of the experimental period, copper concentration in tissues, osmoregulatory parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers, plasma glucose, muscle glycogen and acetylcholinesterase activity were evaluated. Fish mortality (25%) was only observed for A. altiparanae exposed to Cu 20 μg L-1. The results revealed species-specific ionic disturbances. Despite hypocalcemia, H. malabaricus showed an increase in the main gill ATPases, which probably guaranteed the maintenance of plasma Na+. In A. altiparanae, there was no change in ATPase activity in the gills and hyponatremia was observed at all copper concentrations, as well as a decrease in plasma Cl- in the Cu 20 μg L-1 group. The strategy adopted by H. malabaricus seems to have contributed to the absence of copper accumulation in the tissues, in addition to possibly being related to the absence of oxidative stress in this species. On the other hand, there was an increase in the concentration of copper in the gills, liver, and gastrointestinal tract of A. altiparanae, as well as oxidative stress evidenced by increased lipoperoxidation in the liver and damage to erythrocytes DNA. This work reinforces the idea that copper effects are species specific and that a given concentration may not be safe for different species which can coexist in the same environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Alves de Paula
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Wagner Ezequiel Risso
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abraham J, Dowling K, Florentine S. Can Copper Products and Surfaces Reduce the Spread of Infectious Microorganisms and Hospital-Acquired Infections? MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3444. [PMID: 34206230 PMCID: PMC8269470 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen transfer and infection in the built environment are globally significant events, leading to the spread of disease and an increase in subsequent morbidity and mortality rates. There are numerous strategies followed in healthcare facilities to minimize pathogen transfer, but complete infection control has not, as yet, been achieved. However, based on traditional use in many cultures, the introduction of copper products and surfaces to significantly and positively retard pathogen transmission invites further investigation. For example, many microbes are rendered unviable upon contact exposure to copper or copper alloys, either immediately or within a short time. In addition, many disease-causing bacteria such as E. coli O157:H7, hospital superbugs, and several viruses (including SARS-CoV-2) are also susceptible to exposure to copper surfaces. It is thus suggested that replacing common touch surfaces in healthcare facilities, food industries, and public places (including public transport) with copper or alloys of copper may substantially contribute to limiting transmission. Subsequent hospital admissions and mortality rates will consequently be lowered, with a concomitant saving of lives and considerable levels of resources. This consideration is very significant in times of the COVID-19 pandemic and the upcoming epidemics, as it is becoming clear that all forms of possible infection control measures should be practiced in order to protect community well-being and promote healthy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joji Abraham
- School of Engineering, Information Technology and Physical Sciences, Mt Helen Campus, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia;
| | - Kim Dowling
- School of Engineering, Information Technology and Physical Sciences, Mt Helen Campus, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia;
- Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Singarayer Florentine
- Future Regions Research Centre, School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen Campus, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Vernon EL, Moore MN, Bean TP, Jha AN. Evaluation of interactive effects of phosphorus-32 and copper on marine and freshwater bivalve mollusks. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 98:1106-1119. [PMID: 32970511 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1823032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Contaminants seldom occur in isolation in the aquatic environment. While pollution of coastal and inland water bodies has received considerable attention to date, there is limited information on potential interactive effects between radionuclides and metals. Whether by accidental or controlled release, such contaminants co-exist in aquatic ecosystems and can pose an enhanced threat to biota. Using a range of biological responses, the study aimed to evaluate relative interactive effects on representative freshwater and marine bivalve species. METHODS An integrated, multi-biomarker approach was adopted to investigate response to copper (Cu, 18 μg L-1), a known environmentally relevant genotoxic metal and differing concentrations of phosphorus-32 (32P; 0.1 and 1 mGy d-1), alone and in combination in marine (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and freshwater (Dreissena polymorpha) mussels. Genetic and molecular biomarkers were determined post-exposure and included DNA damage (as measured by the comet assay), micronuclei (MN) formation, γ-H2AX foci induction and the expression of key stress-related genes (i.e. hsp70/90, sod, cat, gst). RESULTS Overall, using a tissue-specific (i.e. gill and digestive gland) approach, genotoxic response was reflective of exposures where Cu had a slight additive effect on 32P-induced damage across the species (but not all), cell types and dose rates. Multivariate analysis found significant correlations between comet and γ-H2AX assays, across both the tissues. Transcriptional expression of selected genes were generally unaltered in response to contaminant exposures, independent of species or tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to explore the interactive effects of ionizing radiation (IR) and Cu on two bivalve species representing two ecological habitats. The complexity of IR-metal interactions demonstrate that extrapolation of findings obtained from single stressor studies into field conditions could be misrepresentative of real-world environments. In turn, environmental protective strategies deemed suitable in protecting biota from a single, isolated stressor may not be wholly adequate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Vernon
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Michael N Moore
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.,European Centre for Environment and Human Health (ECEHH), University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, UK.,Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK
| | | | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li H, Ma Y, Liu Y, Wu M, Long J, Jing X, Zhou S, Yuan P, Jiang J. Integrated biomarker parameters response to the toxic effects of high stocking density, CuSO 4, and trichlorfon on fish and protective role mediated by Angelica sinensis extract. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1679-1698. [PMID: 32557080 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored the protective role of dietary the extract of Angelica sinensis (EAs) on high density, CuSO4, or trichlorfon-treated Crucian carp (Carassius auratus auratus). Firstly, the study showed that the optimum density for growth and growth inhibition was 0.49 and 0.98 fish L-1 water, respectively. Dietary EAs relieved the high density-induced growth inhibition in Crucian carp. The appropriate concentration of EAs for recovery of growth was estimated to be 4.30 g kg-1 diet in high-density fish. Moreover, high density decreased both digestive and absorptive enzyme activities and increased lipid oxidation in digestive organs, suggesting the ability of high density to induce oxidative damage. However, dietary EAs inhibited the oxidative damage through elevating ROS scavenging ability and enzymatic antioxidant activity in digestive organs. Secondly, our data demonstrated that the appropriate concentration of CuSO4 to induce the decrease in feed intake (FI) was 0.8 mg Cu L-1 water. Dietary EAs returned to FI of Crucian carp treated with CuSO4. The appropriate concentration of EAs for recovery of FI was estimated to be 4.25 g kg-1 diet. Moreover, dietary EAs suppressed the CuSO4-induced decrease in digestion and absorption capacity and increase in protein metabolism in digestive organs of Crucian carp. Finally, the present results suggested that dietary EAs inhibited the trichlorfon-induced rollover (loss of equilibrium) in Crucian carp. The appropriate concentration of EAs for inhibition of rollover was estimated to be 4.18 g kg-1 diet. Moreover, trichlorfon stimulated not only the decrease in energy metabolism but also lipid and protein oxidation, suggesting that trichlorfon caused loss of function and oxidative damage in muscles of fish. However, dietary EAs improved muscular function and inhibited oxidative damage via quenching ROS and elevating non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant activity in muscles of trichlorfon-induced fish. So, EAs could be used as an inhibitor of high density, CuSO4, and trichlorfon stress in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- HuaTao Li
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, Sichuan, China.
| | - YuTing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Wu
- Archives, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao Long
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, Sichuan, China
| | - XiaoQin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, Sichuan, China
| | - SiShun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Castaldo G, Flipkens G, Pillet M, Town RM, Bervoets L, Blust R, De Boeck G. Antagonistic bioaccumulation of waterborne Cu(II) and Cd(II) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and effects on ion-homeostasis and defensive mechanisms. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 226:105561. [PMID: 32688145 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the aquatic environment, metals are present as mixtures, therefore studies on mixture toxicity are crucial to thoroughly understand their toxic effects on aquatic organisms. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were used to assess the effects of short-term Cu(II) and Cd(II) mixtures, using a fixed concentration of one of the metals, representing 25 % of its individual 96h-LC50 (concentration lethal for 50 % of the population) combined with a variable concentration of the other metal corresponding to 10, 25 or 50 % of its 96h-LC50, and vice versa. Our results showed a fast Cu and Cd bioaccumulation, with the percentage of increase in the order gill > liver > carcass. An inhibitory effect of Cu on Cd uptake was observed; higher Cu concentrations at fixed Cd levels resulted in a decreased accumulation of Cd. The presence of the two metal ions resulted in losses of total Na, K and Ca. Fish tried to compensate for the Na loss through the induction of the genes coding for Na+/K+-ATPase and H+-ATPase. Additionally, a counterintuitive induction of the gene encoding the high affinity copper transporter (CTR1) occurred, while a downregulation was expected to prevent further metal ion uptake. An induction of defensive mechanisms, both metal ion binding protein and anti-oxidant defences, was observed. Despite the metal accumulation and electrolyte loss, the low mortality suggest that common carp is able to cope with these metal levels, at least during a one-week exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Castaldo
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - G Flipkens
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M Pillet
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R M Town
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - L Bervoets
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - G De Boeck
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Toxic metals remain a current important threat to aquatic ecosystems, despite regulatory efforts to reduce their release. Several toxic metals already appear in the list of priority substances polluting surface waters, while concerns arise from the increasing use of technology-critical metals such as metallic nanoparticles, rare-earth, and platinum group metals. In aquatic environments, various chemical, biological and physical processes determine the impact of metals on the biota. This review provides insights into responses to toxic metals recently reported in freshwater and marine animals. The specific emphasis is on: (i) common cellular and molecular responses; (ii) stress proteins; (iii) redox homeostasis; (iv) cytoskeleton rearrangement; (v) metabolism reshuffle; (vi) free cellular energy and mitochondrial metabolism; and (vi) immunity. These endpoints are promising, notably in multi-biomarker approaches to identify precise cellular toxicity pathways and anticipate the impact of environmental metal pollution.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhi M, Tang P, Liu Y, He D, Zheng S. Effects of Organic Copper on Growth Performance and Oxidative Stress in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 194:455-462. [PMID: 31309448 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) has been used as a feed additive for many years. However, high Cu amounts can cause oxidative stress and adversely affect animal performance. Such negative effects may depend on the amounts and forms of Cu. In the present study, the effects of inorganic Cu (CuSO4) and organic Cu (chelate-Cu) present in mice feed on daily growth rate and Cu deposition in the liver, kidneys, spleen, brain, and serum were assessed in addition to the oxidative stress levels in the liver and brain. Organic Cu at a concentration of 15 mg/kg significantly enhanced daily growth rate in mice, whereas Cu deposition in the livers was significantly lower than that in the inorganic Cu group. Glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver of the mice fed with organic Cu significantly improved, whereas malondialdehyde levels in the brain and liver were significantly lower than that in the inorganic Cu group. The different effects of organic Cu and inorganic Cu provide key evidence supporting the use of organic Cu in animal feeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Zhi
- Department of Food Nutrition and Detection, Linjiang School, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Room 1501, 68 Xue Yuan Road, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Ping Tang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Detection, Linjiang School, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Room 1501, 68 Xue Yuan Road, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Detection, Linjiang School, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Room 1501, 68 Xue Yuan Road, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Da He
- Department of Food Nutrition and Detection, Linjiang School, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Room 1501, 68 Xue Yuan Road, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Suxia Zheng
- Department of Food Nutrition and Detection, Linjiang School, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Room 1501, 68 Xue Yuan Road, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Isei MO, Kamunde C. Effects of copper and temperature on heart mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 147:114-128. [PMID: 31825803 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High energy demand for continuous mechanical work and large number of mitochondria predispose the heart to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that may precipitate oxidative stress and heart failure. While mitochondria have been proposed as a unifying cellular target and driver of adverse effects induced by diverse stressful states, there is limited understanding of how heart mitochondrial ROS homeostasis is affected by combinations of stress factors. Thus, we probed the effect of copper (Cu) and thermal stress on ROS (as hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) emission and elucidated the effects of Cu on ROS production sites in rainbow trout heart mitochondria using the Amplex UltraRed-horseradish peroxidase detection system optimized for our model. Mitochondria oxidizing malate-glutamate or succinate were incubated at 4, 11 (control) and 23 °C and exposed to a range (1-100 μM) of Cu concentrations. We found that the rates and patterns of H2O2 emission depended on substrate type, Cu concentration and temperature. In mitochondria oxidizing malate-glutamate, Cu increased the rate of H2O2 emission with a spike at 1 μM while temperature had no effect. In contrast, both temperature and Cu increased the rate of H2O2 emission in mitochondria oxidizing succinate with a prominent spike at 25 μM Cu. The rates of H2O2 emission at the three temperatures during the spike imposed by 25 μM Cu were of the order 11 > 23 > 4 °C. Interestingly, 5 μM Cu supressed H2O2 emission in mitochondria oxidizing succinate or malate-glutamate suggesting a common mechanism of action independent of substrate type. In the absence of Cu, the site-specific capacities of H2O2 emission were: complex III outer ubiquinone binding site (site IIIQo) > complex II flavin site (site IIF) ≥ complex I flavin site (site IF) > complex I ubiquinone-binding site (site IQ). Rotenone marginally increased succinate-driven H2O2 emission suggesting either the absence of reverse electron transport (RET)-driven ROS production at site IQ or masking of the expected rotenone response (reduction) by H2O2 produced from other sites. Cu acted at multiple sites in the electron transport system resulting in different site-specific H2O2 emission responses depending on the concentration. Specifically, site IF H2O2 emission was suppressed by Cu concentration-dependently while H2O2 emission by site IIF was inhibited and stimulated by low and high concentrations of Cu, respectively. Additionally, emission from site IIIQo was stimulated by low and inhibited by high Cu concentrations. Overall, our study unveiled distinctive effects and sites of modulation of mitochondrial ROS production by Cu with implications for cardiac redox signaling networks and development of mitochondria-targeted Cu-based drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Isei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gao XQ, Fei F, Huo HH, Huang B, Meng XS, Zhang T, Liu BL. Effect of acute exposure to nitrite on physiological parameters, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in Takifugu rubripes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 188:109878. [PMID: 31704330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the effects of nitrite exposure on hematological parameters, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in juvenile Takifugu rubripes. The fish were exposed to nitrite (0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 6 mM) for up to 96 h. In the high nitrite concentration groups (i.e., 3 and 6 mM), the concentrations of methemoglobin (MetHb), cortisol, glucose, heat shock protein (Hsp)-70, Hsp-90, and potassium (K+) were significantly elevated. Whereas, the concentrations of hemoglobin (Hb), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions were significantly decreased. Compared with those of the control groups, the concentrations of the antioxidant enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), in the gills were considerably elevated at 12 and 24 h after exposure to nitrite (1, 3, and 6 mM), but reduced at 48 and 96 h. The increase in the antioxidant enzymes may contribute to the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by nitrite during early nitrite exposure, when the antioxidant system is not sufficiently effective to eliminate or neutralize excessive ROS. In addition, we found that nitrite exposure could alter the expression patterns of some key apoptosis-related genes (Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, p53, Bax, and Bcl-2). This indicated that the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway and p53-Bax-Bcl-2 pathway might be involved in apoptosis induced by nitrite exposure. Furthermore, our study provides insights into how acute nitrite exposure affects the physiological responses and potential molecular mechanism of apoptosis in marine fish. The results can help elucidate the mechanisms involved in nitrite-induced aquatic toxicology in marine fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Fei
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Huan Huo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, NanChang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Song Meng
- Dalian Tianzheng Industrial Co. Ltd., Dalian, 116000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Dalian Tianzheng Industrial Co. Ltd., Dalian, 116000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pilehvar A, Town RM, Blust R. The effect of copper on behaviour, memory, and associative learning ability of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 188:109900. [PMID: 31710868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential element in many biological processes, but may exert toxic effects at levels surplus to metabolic requirements. Herein we assess the effect of copper on zebrafish behaviour using two assays, namely the novel tank diving test and a T-maze test with food reward. Novel tank diving tests were conducted on days 0, 4, and 10 of a 10 day Cu exposure (at concentrations of 0.77 μM (25% of the 240 h LC50) and 1.52 μM (50% of the 240 h LC50) to assess the alterations of behavioural responses in repeating novel tank diving assays and the effect of Cu on these patterns. Results demonstrate habituation to novelty, which is an indicator of spatial memory. Copper exposure had no effect on the latency of entry into the upper zones of the tank, nor on the total time spent therein, but did cause a greater number of freezing bouts in comparison to the control group. Additionally, Cu exposure had no effect on the habituation responses of zebrafish. Using the T-maze assay, we tested the effect of prior exposure to Cu for 10 days on subsequent behavioural trainings. The T-maze protocol was based on associative learning, where a visual stimulus (colour) was linked with a natural stimulus (food). Results of the control group showed that zebrafish are able to perform associative learning tasks. Moreover, Cu was found to negatively affect the associative learning capabilities. Specifically, while zebrafish in the control group achieved a significant number of correct choices (leading to food reward) throughout the T-maze training, such a trend was not observed for Cu exposed fish. Thus at the exposure concentrations and exposure times considered herein, Cu has no determinative impact on instinctual behavioural responses of zebrafish in repeated novel tank diving assays but does limit the associative learning capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pilehvar
- Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Raewyn M Town
- Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pilehvar A, Town RM, Blust R. The interactive effect of copper(II) and conspecific alarm substances on behavioural responses of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Behav Brain Res 2019; 381:112452. [PMID: 31881231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants such as metal ions can have detrimental effects on aquatic organisms at the molecular, organismal and population levels. In the present work, we examined the interactive effect of Cu(II) and conspecific alarm substance on zebrafish behavioural responses utilizing the novel tank diving assay. To this end, 3 novel tank diving tests (on day 0, 3 and 10 of the experimental phase) were conducted on zebrafish in 4 experimental groups: (1) control: no Cu(II) and no alarm substance, (2) Cu(II) only: exposed to 0.78 μM Cu(II) (25 % of the 240 h LC50) in the home tank for 10 days, (3) alarm substance only: exposed to alarm substance for 6 min concomitant with behavioural testing, and (4) Cu(II) + alarm substance: exposed to 0.78 μM Cu(II) in the home tank for 10 days and treated with alarm substance for 6 min during the behavioural testing. Results showed robust habituation response of zebrafish. Exposure to Cu(II) did not affect the behavioural phenotypes of zebrafish in the novel tank diving test or habituation responses. Alarm substance treatment evoked strong anxiety-like behaviour. Finally, zebrafish in the Cu(II) + alarm substance group lost their sensitivity to alarm substance in repeated novel tank assays throughout the concomitant Cu(II) exposure; this observation is tentatively ascribed to Cu(II)-induced olfactory impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pilehvar
- Laboratory of Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Raewyn M Town
- Laboratory of Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Laboratory of Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chlorine Reduction Kinetics and its Mass Balance in Copper Premise Plumbing Systems During Corrosion Events. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12223676. [PMID: 31717254 PMCID: PMC6887719 DOI: 10.3390/ma12223676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid has been reported as the main oxidant agent responsible for the corrosion of copper plumbing systems in chlorinated water supplies. However, there is little information about chlorine consumption kinetics in a combined system (i.e., with dissolved oxygen (DO) and free chlorine), as well as its complete mass balance within a copper pipe during stagnation. The results of our experiments using copper pipes filled with synthetic drinking water, with a moderate alkalinity (pH = 7.2; dissolved inorganic carbon = 80 mg as CaCO3 /L), and tested under chlorine concentrations from 0 to 8 mg/L, show that chlorine depletion is associated with pipe wall reactions (i.e., copper oxidation and scale formation processes). Free chlorine was depleted after 4 h of stagnation and its kinetic constant depend on the initial concentration, probably due to diffusion processes. Surface analysis including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and total reflection X-ray fluorescence (T-XRF) suggest chlorine precipitation, probably as CuCl. The obtained kinetics of chlorine and DO reduction would be critical for modeling and prediction of corrosion events of copper premise plumbing systems. In addition, our results indicate that the pipe's surface reactions due to corrosion induces a loss of free chlorine in the bulk water, decreasing chlorine added for disinfection and the subsequent effect on water quality.
Collapse
|
32
|
Sahlmann A, Lode T, Heuschele J, Borgå K, Titelman J, Hylland K. Genotoxic Response and Mortality in 3 Marine Copepods Exposed to Waterborne Copper. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:2224-2232. [PMID: 31343775 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace metal, but may also be toxic to aquatic organisms. Although many studies have investigated the cytotoxicity of Cu, little is known about the in vivo genotoxic potential of Cu in marine invertebrates. We investigated the genotoxicity of Cu in 2 pelagic calanoid copepods, Acartia tonsa and Temora longicornis, and the intertidal harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus brevicornis by exposing them for 6 and 72 h to waterborne Cu (0, 6, and 60 µg Cu/L). A subsequent 24-h period in filtered seawater was used to investigate delayed effects or recovery. Genotoxicity was evaluated as DNA strand breaks in individual copepods using the comet assay. Copper did not increase DNA strand breaks in any of the species at any concentration or time point. The treatment did, however, cause 100% mortality in A. tonsa following exposure to 60 µg Cu/L. Acartia tonsa and T. longicornis were more susceptible to Cu-induced mortality than the benthic harpacticoid T. brevicornis, which appeared to be unaffected by the treatments. The results show major differences in Cu susceptibility among the 3 copepods and also that acute toxicity of Cu to A. tonsa is not directly associated with genotoxicity. We also show that the comet assay can be used to quantify genotoxicity in individual copepods. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2224-2232. © 2019 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Torben Lode
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Heuschele
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ketil Hylland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ma J, Zhu J, Wang W, Ruan P, Rajeshkumar S, Li X. Biochemical and molecular impacts of glyphosate-based herbicide on the gills of common carp. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1288-1300. [PMID: 31252126 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY)-based herbicide, one of the most widely used herbicides, might cause a series of environmental problems and pose a toxicological risk to aquatic organisms. However, data on the potential hazard and toxicity mechanism of GLY to fish gills are relatively scarce. In this study, a subacute toxicity test of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) treated with commercial GLY at 52.08 and 104.15 mg L-1 for 7 d was conducted. The results revealed that GLY exposure significantly inhibited Na+/K+-ATPase and increased AST and ALT activities in the fish gills. The biochemical assays results revealed that GLY treatment remarkably altered the transcriptional levels of HSP70 and HSP90; inhibited the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and T-AOC; reduced the contents of GSH, but remarkably promoted MDA and PC contents, suggesting that GLY exposure induced oxidative stress and lipids and proteins damage in the carp gills. Further research revealed that GLY exposure also promoted expression of NF-κB, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α; altered the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β, indicating that GLY exposure induced inflammatory response in the fish gills. Additionally, we found that GLY exposure activated apaf-1 and bax and inhibited bcl-2, induced caspase-9 and caspase-3 expression and caused remarkable histological damage in the fish gills. These results may further enriches the toxicity mechanistic theory of GLY to fish gills, which may be useful for the risk assessment of GLY and aquatic organism protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junguo Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Wanying Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Panpan Ruan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Sivakumar Rajeshkumar
- Arts and Science College, Bharathiyar University Coimbatore, 641029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nguyen TV, Alfaro AC, Merien F, Lulijwa R, Young T. Copper-induced immunomodulation in mussel (Perna canaliculus) haemocytes. Metallomics 2019; 10:965-978. [PMID: 29931012 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00092a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Copper is a common contaminant in aquatic environments, which may cause physiological dysfunction in marine organisms. However, the toxicity mechanisms of copper in marine bivalves is not fully understood. In this study, we applied an integrated approach that combines flow cytometry and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics to characterize cellular and molecular mechanisms of copper immunotoxicity in New Zealand Greenshell™ mussel (Perna canaliculus) haemolymph. Flow cytometric results showed significant increases in haemocyte mortality, production of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis (via alteration of caspase 3/7 and mitochondrial membrane potential) of haemocytes exposed to increasing total concentrations of Cu2+ (62.5, 125.0 and 187.5 μM) compared to a low Cu2+ concentration (25.0 μM) and control (0.0 μM). In addition to flow cytometric data, our metabolomics results showed alterations of 25 metabolites within the metabolite profile of Cu2+-exposed haemolymph (125 μM) compared to those of control samples. Changes in levels of these metabolites may be considered important signatures of oxidative stress (e.g., glutathione) and apoptosis processes (e.g., alanine, glutamic acid). This study provides insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress and apoptosis in marine bivalves and highlights the applicability and reliability of metabolomic techniques for immunotoxicological studies in marine organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thao V Nguyen
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abou Anni IS, Zebral YD, Afonso SB, Moreno Abril SI, Lauer MM, Bianchini A. Life-time exposure to waterborne copper III: Effects on the energy metabolism of the killifish Poecilia vivipara. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 227:580-588. [PMID: 31009864 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Copper ions (Cu) are essential to life maintenance, nonetheless, elevated concentrations can be hazardous. Acute and sub-chronic toxic effects of this metal are well known and are usually related to enzymatic inhibition, elevated ROS production and dysfunction of energy metabolism. Despite that, chronic studies are extremely rare. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of chronic exposure to 5, 9 and 20 μg/L Cu (28 ad 345 days) on the energy metabolism and survival of the killifish Poecilia vivipara. To accomplish that, we evaluated the activity of enzymes related to aerobic (pyruvate kinase (PK); citrate synthase (CS)) and anaerobic metabolism (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) in whole-body (28 days) or in gills, liver and muscle (345 days) of exposed fish. Additionally, whole-body oxygen consumption was evaluated in fish exposed for 28 days and hepatic and muscular expression of genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism (cox I, II and III and atp5a1) was assessed in animals exposed for 345 days. Finally, final survival was evaluated. Following 28 days, Cu did not affect survival neither enzyme activities. However, increased whole-body oxygen consumption was observed in comparison to control condition. After 345 days, 76.8%, 63.9%, 60.9% and 0% survival were observed for control, 5, 9 and 20 μg/L groups, respectively. Animals exposed to 5 and 9 μg/L had a significant reduction in branchial and muscular LDH activity and in hepatic PK activity. Also, exposure to 9 μg/L significantly increased hepatic CS activity. For gene expression, Cu down-regulated muscular cox II (9 μg/L) and III (5 and 9 μg/L), and up-regulated hepatic atp5a1 (9 μg/L). Findings reported in the present study indicate that chronic exposure to Cu induces tissue-specific responses in key aspects of the energetic metabolism. In gills and muscle, Cu leads to reduced energy production through inhibition of anaerobic pathways and mitochondrial respiratory chain. This effect is paralleled by an increased ATP consumption in the liver, characterized by the augmented CS activity and atp5a1 expression. Finally, reduced PK activity indicate that oxidative stress may be involved with the observed outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iuri Salim Abou Anni
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália Km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Yuri Dornelles Zebral
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália Km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Braz Afonso
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália Km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandra Isabel Moreno Abril
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália Km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Machado Lauer
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália Km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália Km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália Km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vernon EL, Jha AN. Assessing relative sensitivity of marine and freshwater bivalves following exposure to copper: Application of classical and novel genotoxicological biomarkers. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 842:60-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
37
|
Francisco CDM, Bertolino SM, De Oliveira Júnior RJ, Morelli S, Pereira BB. Genotoxicity assessment of polluted urban streams using a native fish Astyanax altiparanae. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:514-523. [PMID: 31140379 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1624235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Water quality has declined globally due to increased contamination of aquatic ecosystems. The use of fish genotoxicity biomarkers may improve and complement parameters for environmental risk assessment. The aim of this study was to assess the genotoxicity of samples collected from streams of the Jordão River, a tributary of the Paranaíba River, Brazil with different levels of metal contamination, utilizing a native fish species to determine the sensitivity and viability of implementing a useful, reliable technique for routine biomonitoring programs. Chemical analysis of water and sediments collected from different sites indicated that a gradient of contamination existed as evidenced by different concentrations of metals detected. After chronic exposure to contaminated samples, micronucleus (MN) frequencies in fish erythrocytes were measured and correlation with environmental parameters determined. Sites where the water concentrations of the metals aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were high indicating a greater genotoxic potential of these elements. At the samples collected from the urban zone, a gradual increase was found for chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) indicative of adverse impacts of discharge of urban effluents. Data demonstrated that Astyanax altiparanae, used in the test, exhibited a reliable sensitivity for detection of genotoxic consequences attributed to exposure to water samples collected near the discharge of industrial and domestic waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sueli Moura Bertolino
- b Institute of Agrarian Sciences , Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Morelli
- a Institute of Geography , Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Boscolli Barbosa Pereira
- c Institute of Geography , Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
In vivo anti-proliferative activity of silver nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in freshwater Labeo rohita. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-019-01053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
39
|
Anni ISA, Zebral YD, Afonso SB, Jorge MB, Moreno Abril SI, Bianchini A. Life-time exposure to waterborne copper II: Patterns of tissue accumulation and gene expression of the metal-transport proteins ctr1 and atp7b in the killifish Poecilia vivipara. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:257-262. [PMID: 30784733 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of transporting proteins on copper (Cu) bioaccumulation was evaluated in the killifish Poecilia vivipara chronically exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of waterborne Cu. Fish (<24 h-old) were maintained under control condition or exposed to different waterborne Cu concentrations (5, 9 and 20 μg/L) for 28 and 345 days in saltwater. Following exposure periods, Cu accumulation and the expression of genes encoding for the high affinity Cu-transporter (ctr1) and the P-type Cu-ATPase (atp7b) were evaluated. Whole-body metal accumulation and gene expression were evaluated in fish exposed to 28 days. Similarly, in fish exposed to 345 days, liver, gills and gut were also evaluated. No fish survival was observed after exposure to 20 μg/L for 345 days. Whole-body Cu accumulation was significantly higher in fish exposed to 20 μg/L Cu for 28 days and in fish exposed to 9 μg/L for 345 days in comparison to control animals. Similarly, tissue Cu accumulation was significantly higher in fish exposed to 9 μg/L for 345 days in comparison to control animal. However, no significant accumulation was observed in fish muscle. Following exposure for 28 days, whole-body ctr1 expression was slightly induced in fish exposed to 9 μg/L. In turn, no significant change in ctr1 expression was observed following exposure to Cu for 345 days. Differently, whole-body atp7b expression was markedly up-regulated in the whole-body of fish exposed Cu for 28 days and in tissues of fish exposed to Cu for 345 days. These findings indicate the expression of atp7b is more responsive to Cu accumulation in P. vivipara than ctr1 expression and, therefore, more suitable to be used as a biomarker of exposure to this metal. Also, we argue that the expression of atp7b is sustained at elevated levels for as much time as fish are maintained in Cu contaminated water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iuri Salim Abou Anni
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Yuri Dornelles Zebral
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Braz Afonso
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Marianna Basso Jorge
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandra Isabel Moreno Abril
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Santos SW, Cachot J, Gourves PY, Clérandeau C, Morin B, Gonzalez P. Sub-lethal effects of waterborne copper in early developmental stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:778-788. [PMID: 30593991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the impact of copper during a sub-chronic exposure to environmental concentrations in the early life stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Eyed-stage embryos of rainbow trout, at 265 °D, were exposed in semi-static conditions to sub-lethal concentrations of CuSO4 up to the larval stage (528 °D) under laboratory-controlled conditions. During 3 weeks, they were exposed to the environmentally-realistic concentration of 2 µg/L Cu and to a 10-fold higher concentration, 20 µg/L Cu. Several biological (survival, hatching success, malformation, growth) and behavioral (swimming activity) and molecular endpoints (genotoxicity and gene transcription) were studied. Exposure to 20 µg/L Cu had an inhibitory effect on hatching and increased half-hatched embryos (25%). At the end of the exposure, no significant differences were observed in growth of the larvae exposed to the highest Cu concentration. However, larvae exposed to 2 µg/L Cu exhibited increased growth in comparison with non-exposed larvae. The percentage of malformed larvae was significantly higher for both copper conditions, with skeletal malformations being the most observed. Expression of several genes was evaluated in whole larvae using quantitative real-time PCR. Genes involved in detoxification (gst, mt1 and mt2) and in cell cycle arrest (p53) were significantly repressed in both copper conditions when compared to control. In addition, potential genotoxic effects on larvae were investigated by the comet assay on blood cells, but this test did not demonstrate any significant DNA damage on larvae exposed to copper. This study confirms the adverse effects of copper on early life stages of rainbow trout even at the lowest environmentally relevant tested concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Weeks Santos
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Gourves
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Place du Dr B. Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Christelle Clérandeau
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Bénédicte Morin
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Place du Dr B. Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sloman KA, Bouyoucos IA, Brooks EJ, Sneddon LU. Ethical considerations in fish research. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 94:556-577. [PMID: 30838660 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fishes are used in a wide range of scientific studies, from conservation research with potential benefits to the species used to biomedical research with potential human benefits. Fish research can take place in both laboratories and field environments and methods used represent a continuum from non-invasive observations, handling, through to experimental manipulation. While some countries have legislation or guidance regarding the use of fish in research, many do not and there exists a diversity of scientific opinions on the sentience of fish and how we determine welfare. Nevertheless, there is a growing pressure on the scientific community to take more responsibility for the animals they work with through maximising the benefits of their research to humans or animals while minimising welfare or survival costs to their study animals. In this review, we focus primarily on the refinement of common methods used in fish research based on emerging knowledge with the aim of improving the welfare of fish used in scientific studies. We consider the use of anaesthetics and analgesics and how we mark individuals for identification purposes. We highlight the main ethical concerns facing researchers in both laboratory and field environments and identify areas that need urgent future research. We hope that this review will help inform those who wish to refine their ethical practices and stimulate thought among fish researchers for further avenues of refinement. Improved ethics and welfare of fishes will inevitably lead to increased scientific rigour and is in the best interests of both fishes and scientists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Sloman
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - Ian A Bouyoucos
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Edward J Brooks
- Cape Eleuthera Island School, Rock Sound, Eleuthera, The Bahamas
| | - Lynne U Sneddon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dornelles Zebral Y, Roza M, da Silva Fonseca J, Gomes Costa P, Stürmer de Oliveira C, Gubert Zocke T, Lemos Dal Pizzol J, Berteaux Robaldo R, Bianchini A. Waterborne copper is more toxic to the killifish Poecilia vivipara in elevated temperatures: Linking oxidative stress in the liver with reduced organismal thermal performance. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 209:142-149. [PMID: 30776781 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we measured the interactive effect of temperature (22 °C and 28 °C) and waterborne copper (Cu) contamination (9 μg/L and 20 μg/L) on the killifish Poecilia vivipara. Endpoints analyzed included parameters involved in Cu-accumulation, antioxidant capacity (antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals [ACAP] and total antioxidant capacity [TAC]), oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation [LPO]) and upper thermal tolerance (critical thermal maximum [CTMax]). Results show that Cu hepatic accumulation was elevated in 28 °C in comparison to 22 °C in both exposure groups. For gills, this was true only in 20 μg/L. Moreover, hepatic and brachial accumulation were concentration-dependent in both acclimation temperatures. Additionally, Hepatic ACAP and TAC were elevated in animals acclimated to 28 °C and only the animals kept at this temperature had reduced ACAP and TAC levels facing metal exposure (9 and 20 μg/L). Similarly, the combination of elevated temperature and Cu exposure raised hepatic LPO levels. Finally, animals acclimated to 28 °C had higher CTMax levels in comparison to fish acclimated to 22 °C both in control and exposed animals, however, CTMax of contaminated fish were only reduced in comparison to control in animals kept at 28 °C. Concluding, we show that the physiological mechanism besides the potentiating effect of elevated temperature in Cu toxicity is related to higher hepatic and branchial metal accumulation and elevated oxidative stress in the liver, outlined by reduced antioxidant capacity and elevated oxidative damage. We also show that these outcomes lead to compromised organismal performance, characterized by reduced CTMax. Finally, it is concluded that Cu exposure in warmer periods of the year or within global warming predictions may be more hazardous to fish populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Dornelles Zebral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Roza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gomes Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Stürmer de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Tayndy Gubert Zocke
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lemos Dal Pizzol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Berteaux Robaldo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-970, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Park JC, Lee MC, Yoon DS, Han J, Park HG, Hwang UK, Lee JS. Genome-wide identification and expression of the entire 52 glutathione S-transferase (GST) subfamily genes in the Cu 2+-exposed marine copepods Tigriopus japonicus and Paracyclopina nana. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 209:56-69. [PMID: 30735907 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the entire glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), the major phase II detoxification enzyme, were identified in two marine copepod species Tigriopus japonicus and Paracyclopina nana. The genome-wide identification of GSTs in T. japonicus and P. nana resulted in 32 and 20 GSTs in total, respectively. Among the identified GSTs, two specific classes of GSTs, specifically sigma and delta/epsilon GSTs were the dominant form of cytosolic GSTs in T. japonicus, while delta/epsilon and mu classes were dominant cytosolic GSTs in P. nana. In addition, Membrane-Associated Proteins in Eicosanoid and Glutathione metabolism (MAPEG) family were found in relatively higher proportion compared to other classes. Moreover, sigma, delta/epsilon, and microsomal GSTs have shown to expand through tandem duplication. To validate the detoxification function of the identified GSTs, both copepods were exposed to copper (Cu2+) and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and GST activity were measured. With integration of phylogenetic analysis and xenobiotic-mediated GST mRNA expression patterns along with previous enzymatic activities, the functional divergence among species-specific GST genes was clearly observed. This study covers full identification of GST classes in two marine copepod species and their important role in marine environmental ecotoxicology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chul Park
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Min-Chul Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Deok-Seo Yoon
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Heum Gi Park
- Department of Marine Resource Development, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - Un-Ki Hwang
- Marine Ecological Risk Assessment Center, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Incheon 46083, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li X, Ji L, Wu L, Gao X, Li X, Li J, Liu Y. Effect of flow velocity on the growth, stress and immune responses of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in recirculating aquaculture systems. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:1169-1176. [PMID: 30599254 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are widely utilized for turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) culture. Flow velocity in the tank is essential to maintain water quality, conservation of energy and fish welfare. However, little is known about how turbot respond to different velocities in the long term. In this study, water quality was kept constant, allowing the effect of flow velocity on the feeding intake, growth, plasma biochemical indexes, innate (non-specific) immunity and immune-related stress gene expressions in the skin to be examined in isolation in RAS. Turbot (average body length 20.10 cm) were reared for 60 days in RAS under three velocities, 0.06 m s-1, 0.18 m s-1, and 0.36 m s-1, corresponding to approximately 0.3 body length per second (bl s-1), 0.9 bl s-1 and 1.8 bl s-1, respectively. The results showed that at velocities of 0.36 m s-1 (1.8 bl s-1), juvenile turbot were subject to stress accompanied by a reduced growth rate. A velocity of 0.36 m s-1 was also found to significantly reduce SOD and GSH activity, and the concentration of total protein in plasma, while concentrations of urea nitrogen (BUN) and total bilirubin (TBIL) increased. There was an up-regulation of cathepsin D and lysozyme (LZM) in the skin at the highest velocity, implying the activation of stress and immune responses. At the medium velocity of 0.18 m s-1 (0.9 bl s-1), turbot increased their feed intake, obtained an elevated special growth rate (SGR), and exhibited significantly higher AKP and ACP activity in plasma. Overall, the results suggest that excessively high velocities are a stressor for turbot inducing an immune response in the skin, which is sensitive to environmental changes. A velocity of approximately 0.9 bl s-1 is suggested to promote growth and obtain better innate immunity of cultured turbot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Liqin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lele Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaolong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; School of Marine Science and Environmental Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Melby ES, Cui Y, Borgatta J, Mensch AC, Hang MN, Chrisler WB, Dohnalkova A, Van Gilder JM, Alvarez CM, Smith JN, Hamers RJ, Orr G. Impact of lithiated cobalt oxide and phosphate nanoparticles on rainbow trout gill epithelial cells. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:1166-1181. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1508785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Melby
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, (WA), USA
| | - Yi Cui
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, (WA), USA
| | - Jaya Borgatta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, (WI), USA
| | - Arielle C. Mensch
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, (WA), USA
| | - Mimi N. Hang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, (WI), USA
| | - William B. Chrisler
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Alice Dohnalkova
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, (WA), USA
| | - John M. Van Gilder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, (WI), USA
| | - Catherine M. Alvarez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, (WI), USA
| | - Jordan N. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Robert J. Hamers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, (WI), USA
| | - Galya Orr
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, (WA), USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Goswami S, Das S. Eichhornia crassipes mediated copper phytoremediation and its success using catfish bioassay. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:440-448. [PMID: 30025361 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) pollution in aquaculture ponds poses substantial ecological threats. Most phytoremediation studies deal with the efforts of removing Cu from water, but seldom, such endeavors are validated by suitable bioassays. The present study undertook a two-pronged effort to remediate Cu by phytoextraction with an aquatic macrophyte, Eichhornia crassipes, and establish the efficacy of such endeavors by Clarias batrachus bioassay. For phytoextraction trials, E. crassipes was exposed to Cu concentration 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L-1 in Hoagland solution for 21 days. The highest uptake of 2168 μg g-1 dw was at 10 mg L-1 Cu exposure, and efficient root to leaf translocation was seen for 5-10 mg Cu L-1. For these doses, there was 55-57% decline in Cu from test waters. We evaluated morphological, physiological and biochemical response of plants towards Cu stress to gauge its phytomediation capacity. For bioassays, fish were reared for 7 days in phytoremediated Cu doses of 5 and 10 mg L-1. The accumulation of Cu followed the pattern: kidney > liver > gill > muscle. Fish muscle accumulated 21.8-27.0 μg Cu g-1 dw after 7 d, however, for E. crassipes remediated doses, muscle accumulated 8.2-10.9 μg Cu g-1 dw, which was within the safe levels of Cu in edible tissues. Metal doses declined protein contents and augmented malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase concentrations in tissues. Although their concentrations in remediated groups failed to reach the levels of control fish, significant recovery in these parameters were observed. The results pointed towards the efficacy of Cu phytoextration by E. crassipes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunayana Goswami
- Aquatic Toxicology and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Suchismita Das
- Aquatic Toxicology and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhao H, Wang Y, Shao Y, Liu J, Wang S, Xing M. Oxidative stress-induced skeletal muscle injury involves in NF-κB/p53-activated immunosuppression and apoptosis response in copper (II) or/and arsenite-exposed chicken. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:76-84. [PMID: 29986226 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of environmental toxicants such as copper and arsenic occur due to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Recent study also reported that both copper (Cu) and arsenic (As) may alter muscle regeneration. In order to assess the toxic effects of copper and arsenic on chicken skeletal muscle, chickens were subjected by different toxicologically relevant concentrations of copper or arsenic and their combination in diets for 12 weeks. Upon comparative analysis, a significantly higher malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxy radical content were observed in Cu or/and As exposed chicken skeletal muscle, which confirmed the strong lipid peroxidation nature of these two heavy metals. In addition, the depleted activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase suggested the strong association of copper and arsenic with oxidative stress. Moreover, the higher elevation of pro-inflammatory mediators (NF-κB et al.) and Th1 bias immune system, suggested that exposure to Cu or/and As induces inflammation via NF-κB mediated response pathway. These results further coincided with inflammatory infiltration and nuclear condensation. Further, the execution of apoptosis machinery were characterized by a considerably elevated pro-apoptotic response and apoptotic index. In conclusion, the increased p53 levels detected in Cu or/and As treated chickens suggest the possibility that the NF-kB/p53 axis might lead to the impairment of immune-apoptosis cross talk in the present model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjing Zhao
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yizhi Shao
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Sirui Wang
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zebral YD, Anni ISA, Afonso SB, Abril SIM, Klein RD, Bianchini A. Effects of life-time exposure to waterborne copper on the somatotropic axis of the viviparous fish Poecilia vivipara. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 203:410-417. [PMID: 29631113 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reduced fish growth following chronic exposure to dissolved copper (Cu) is well reported in the literature. Nevertheless, information on the mechanism(s) involved in this process is scarce. Therefore, we evaluated growth, gene expression and concentrations of proteins related to growth regulation in the viviparous guppy Poecilia vivipara chronically exposed to dissolved Cu. Newborn (<24 h after birth) fish were kept under control conditions or exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of Cu (5 and 9 μg/L) in salt water (24 ppt) for 345 days. After exposure, fish growth was evaluated based on body weight and length. Also, growth hormone (gh) mRNA expression was evaluated in brain, while growth hormone receptor 1 (ghr1) and 2 (ghr2) mRNA expressions were analyzed in brain, skeletal muscle and liver. In turn, insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf1) and 2 (igf2) mRNA expressions were evaluated in skeletal muscle and liver. Additionally, Gh concentration was assessed in brain, while Ghr concentration was evaluated in skeletal muscle and liver. Exposure to 9 μg/L Cu reduced fish body weigh and length. Metal exposure affected mRNA expression only in skeletal muscle. Reduced ghr2 mRNA expression was observed in guppies exposed to 5 and 9 μg/L Cu. Additionally, reduced igf1 and igf2 mRNA expressions were observed in guppies exposed to 9 μg/L Cu. However, no significant change in Ghr concentration was observed. The reduced ghr2 mRNA expression suggests that chronic Cu exposure induced an insensitivity of the skeletal muscle to Gh, thus resulting in reduced igf1 and igf2 mRNA expression which lead to reduced fish growth. These findings indicate that chronic exposure to dissolved Cu disrupts the somatotropic axis regulation, thus helping to elucidate the mechanism underlying the Cu-dependent inhibition of growth observed in the viviparous fish P. vivipara.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Dornelles Zebral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Iuri Salim Abou Anni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Braz Afonso
- Curso de Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandra Isabel Moreno Abril
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberta Daniele Klein
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Franco ME, Sutherland GE, Lavado R. Xenobiotic metabolism in the fish hepatic cell lines Hepa-E1 and RTH-149, and the gill cell lines RTgill-W1 and G1B: Biomarkers of CYP450 activity and oxidative stress. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 206-207:32-40. [PMID: 29496489 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of fish cell cultures has proven to be an effective tool in the study of environmental and aquatic toxicology. Valuable information can be obtained from comparisons between cell lines from different species and organs. In the present study, specific chemicals were used and biomarkers (e.g. 7-Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS)) were measured to assess the metabolic capabilities and cytotoxicity of the fish hepatic cell lines Hepa-E1 and RTH-149, and the fish gill cell lines RTgill-W1 and G1B. These cell lines were exposed to β-naphthoflavone (BNF) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), the pharmaceutical tamoxifen (TMX), and the organic peroxide tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP). Cytotoxicity in gill cell lines was significantly higher than in hepatic cells, with BNF and TMX being the most toxic compounds. CYP1-like associated activity, measured through EROD activity, was only detected in hepatic cells; Hepa-E1 cells showed the highest activity after exposure to both BNF and BaP. Significantly higher levels of CYP3A-like activity were also observed in Hepa-E1 cells exposed to TMX, while gill cell lines presented the lowest levels. Measurements of ROS and antioxidant enzymes indicated that peroxide levels were higher in gill cell lines in general. However, levels of superoxide were significantly higher in RTH-149 cells, where no distinctive increase of superoxide-related antioxidants was observed. The present study demonstrates the importance of selecting adequate cell lines in measuring specific metabolic parameters and provides strong evidence for the fish hepatocarcinoma Hepa-E1 cells to be an excellent alternative in assessing metabolism of xenobiotics, and in expanding the applicability of fish cell lines for in vitro studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco E Franco
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Grace E Sutherland
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Ramon Lavado
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang J, Tang H, Zhang X, Xue X, Zhu X, Chen Y, Yang Z. Mitigation of nitrite toxicity by increased salinity is associated with multiple physiological responses: A case study using an economically important model species, the juvenile obscure puffer (Takifugu obscurus). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 232:137-145. [PMID: 28917815 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite is a common pollutant in water and is highly toxic to aquatic animals. To reveal the mechanism of salinity in attenuating nitrite toxicity to fish, we measured the physiological responses of juvenile Takifugu obscurus exposed to nitrite concentrations (0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 mg/L) under different salinity levels (0, 10, and 20 ppt) for 96 h. Salinity increased the survival rates of juvenile T. obscurus exposed to nitrite. Changes in key hematological parameters, antioxidant system, malondialdehyde, Na+/K+-ATPase, and HSP70 indicated that nitrite induced considerable damage to juveniles; salinity mitigated the harmful effects. This finding reflects similar changing trends in both antioxidants and their gene expressions among different tissues. We applied an overall index, an integrated biomarker response (IBR), that increased under high-nitrite condition but recovered to the normal levels under salinity treatment. Analysis of the selected detection indices and IBR values showed that the overall mitigating effect of salinity on nitrite toxicity seems to be at sub-cellular level and associated with complicated physiological responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hengxing Tang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuexia Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yafen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|