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Malarkey WB. Psychoneuroimmunology and the research of Janice Kiecolt-Glaser: It informs self-care and the practice of medicine. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2024; 20:100260. [PMID: 39258160 PMCID: PMC11386094 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dr. Janice Kiecolt-Glaser as an undergraduate obtained a major in psychology and a minor in biological sciences which was an early indication of her budding interest in how the brain talks to a variety of physiologic systems. Early in her research career Jan began to build a research team that eventually consisted of scientists with expertise in a variety of disciplines including virology, immunology, endocrinology, nutrition science, biostatistics, genetics, and the microbiome. Additionally, Jan enlisted the aid of a group of bright energetic pre- and post-doctoral graduate students, obtained numerous NIH grants, and utilized an excellent Clinical Research Center. Over many years Jan directed these teams to help with understanding some of the biologic consequences of common life stressors such as loneliness, academic examinations, marital discord, breast cancer survivorship, and dementia caregiving. In this survey of her accomplishments, I will present some of the highlights of her prolific contributions which have encouraged many to enter the field of psychoneuroimmunology.
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Mantadaki AE, Baliou S, Linardakis M, Vakonaki E, Tzatzarakis MN, Tsatsakis A, Symvoulakis EK. Quercetin Intake and Absolute Telomere Length in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Novel Findings from a Randomized Controlled Before-and-After Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1136. [PMID: 39338301 PMCID: PMC11434860 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Telomeres, the protective chromosomal ends, progressively shorten and potentially are implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. In type 2 diabetes (T2DM), telomere shortening may play an important role, but the whole 'picture' remains limited. From a therapeutic perspective, the phytonutrient quercetin appears to be clinically effective and safe for patients with T2DM. Considering the above, we aimed to examine whether quercetin could interfere with telomere length (TL) dynamics. One hundred patients with T2DM on non-insulin medications registered within a primary healthcare facility were stratified by age and sex and randomly assigned to either standard care or standard care plus quercetin (500 mg/day) for 12 weeks, succeeded by an 8-week washout period and another 12 weeks of supplementation. Of the 88 patients completing the trial, 82 consented to blood sampling for TL measurements. Health assessments and whole blood absolute TL measurements using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were conducted at baseline and study end, and the findings of this subcohort are presented. Quercetin supplementation was associated with a significant increase in mean TL (odds ratio ≥ 2.44; p < 0.05) with a strengthened association after full adjustment for potential confounders through multiple logistic regression analysis (odds ratio = 3.48; p = 0.026), suggesting it as a potentially promising supplementation option. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding, elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms of quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini E Mantadaki
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stella Baliou
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis Linardakis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emmanouil K Symvoulakis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
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Bafkar N, Zeraattalab-Motlagh S, Jayedi A, Shab-Bidar S. Efficacy and safety of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation for anxiety symptoms: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:455. [PMID: 38890670 PMCID: PMC11186166 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05881-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES There is uncertainty about the optimum dose of omega-3 fatty acids for anxiety symptoms. We aimed to find the dose-dependent effect of omega-3 supplementation on anxiety symptoms. METHODS We systematically reviewed PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until December 2022 to find randomized trials that assessed the effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on anxiety symptoms in adults. Investigators performed the literature search and screened the titles/abstracts and full-texts and between-reviewer agreement was assessed as Cohen's kappa coefficient. We conducted a random-effects dose-response meta-analysis to estimate standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE framework. RESULTS A total of 23 trials with 2189 participants were included. Each 1 gram per day supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids resulted in a moderate decrease in anxiety symptoms (SMD: -0.70, 95%CI: -1.17, -0.22; GRADE = low). The non-linear dose-response analysis indicated the greatest improvement at 2 g/d (SMD: -0.93, 95%CI: -1.85, -0.01), and that supplementation in a dose lower than 2 g/d did not affect anxiety symptoms. Omega-3 fatty acids did not increase adverse events (odds ratio: 1.20, 95%CI: 0.89, 1.61; GRADE = moderate). CONCLUSIONS The present dose-response meta-analysis suggested evidence of very low certainty that supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids may significantly improve anxiety symptoms, with the greatest improvements at 2 g/d. More trials with better methodological quality are needed to reach more robust evidence. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42022309636).
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Bafkar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Jayedi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Pennington ER, Virk R, Bridges MD, Bathon BE, Beatty N, Gray RS, Kelley P, Wassall SR, Manke J, Armstrong M, Reisdorph N, Vanduinen R, Fenton JI, Gowdy KM, Shaikh SR. Docosahexaenoic Acid Controls Pulmonary Macrophage Lipid Raft Size and Inflammation. J Nutr 2024; 154:1945-1958. [PMID: 38582385 PMCID: PMC11217028 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) controls the biophysical organization of plasma membrane sphingolipid/cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts to exert anti-inflammatory effects, particularly in lymphocytes. However, the impact of DHA on the spatial arrangement of alveolar macrophage lipid rafts and inflammation is unknown. OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to determine how DHA controls lipid raft organization and function of alveolar macrophages. As proof-of-concept, we also investigated DHA's anti-inflammatory effects on select pulmonary inflammatory markers with a murine influenza model. METHODS MH-S cells, an alveolar macrophage line, were treated with 50 μM DHA or vehicle control and were used to study plasma membrane molecular organization with fluorescence-based methods. Biomimetic membranes and coarse grain molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were employed to investigate how DHA mechanistically controls lipid raft size. qRT-PCR, mass spectrometry, and ELISAs were used to quantify downstream inflammatory signaling transcripts, oxylipins, and cytokines, respectively. Lungs from DHA-fed influenza-infected mice were analyzed for specific inflammatory markers. RESULTS DHA increased the size of lipid rafts while decreasing the molecular packing of the MH-S plasma membrane. Adding a DHA-containing phospholipid to a biomimetic lipid raft-containing membrane led to condensing, which was reversed with the removal of cholesterol. MD simulations revealed DHA nucleated lipid rafts by driving cholesterol and sphingomyelin into rafts. Downstream of the plasma membrane, DHA lowered the concentration of select inflammatory transcripts, oxylipins, and IL-6 secretion. DHA lowered pulmonary Il6 and Tnf-α mRNA expression and increased anti-inflammatory oxylipins of influenza-infected mice. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest a model in which the localization of DHA acyl chains to nonrafts is driving sphingomyelin and cholesterol molecules into larger lipid rafts, which may serve as a trigger to impede signaling and lower inflammation. These findings also identify alveolar macrophages as a target of DHA and underscore the anti-inflammatory properties of DHA for lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Ross Pennington
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health & School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Rafia Virk
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health & School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Meagan D Bridges
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health & School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Brooke E Bathon
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health & School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Nari Beatty
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health & School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Rosemary S Gray
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health & School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Patrick Kelley
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Stephen R Wassall
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jonathan Manke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Michael Armstrong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rachel Vanduinen
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jenifer I Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kymberly M Gowdy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health & School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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Herrera-Martínez AD, Jiménez CM, Romo AN, Aguilera JL, Crespin MC, Baena BT, Casado-Díaz A, Moreno MÁG, Puerta MJM, Roger AJ. Nutritional Support Reduces Circulating Cytokines in Patients with Heart Failure. Nutrients 2024; 16:1637. [PMID: 38892570 PMCID: PMC11174422 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased inflammation is associated with the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). Increased circulating levels of cytokines have been previously reported and generally associated with worse clinical outcomes. In this context, the modulation of inflammation-related parameters seems to be a reasonable therapeutic option for improving the clinical course of the disease. Based on this, we aimed to compare changes in circulating cytokines when Mediterranean diet alone or in combination with hypercaloric, hyperproteic oral nutritional supplements (ONS), enriched with omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids were administered to patients with HF. Briefly, patients were randomly assigned to receive Mediterranean Diet (control group) vs. Mediterranean Diet plus ONS (intervention group). We observed increased circulating levels of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and IP-10. MCP-1 and IL-6 were associated with overweight and obesity (p = 0.01-0.01-0.04, respectively); IL-6 and IL-8 were positively correlated with fat mass and CRP serum levels (p = 0.02-0.04, respectively). Circulating levels of IL-8 significantly decreased in all patients treated with the Mediterranean diet, while IL-6 and IP-10 only significantly decreased in patients that received plus ONS. In the univariate analysis, MCP-1 and its combination with IL-6 were associated with increased mortality (p = 0.02), while the multivariate analysis confirmed that MCP-1 was an independent factor for mortality (OR 1.01, 95%ci 1.01-1.02). In conclusion, nutritional support using hypercaloric, hyperproteic, n-3 enriched ONS in combination with Mediterranean Diet was associated with decreased circulating levels of some cytokines and could represent an interesting step for improving heart functionality of patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura D. Herrera-Martínez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain (B.T.B.); (M.Á.G.M.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Concepción Muñoz Jiménez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain (B.T.B.); (M.Á.G.M.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana Navas Romo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain (B.T.B.); (M.Á.G.M.)
- Immunology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José López Aguilera
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain (B.T.B.); (M.Á.G.M.)
- Cardiology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Bárbara Torrecillas Baena
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain (B.T.B.); (M.Á.G.M.)
| | - Antonio Casado-Díaz
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain (B.T.B.); (M.Á.G.M.)
| | - María Ángeles Gálvez Moreno
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain (B.T.B.); (M.Á.G.M.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María José Molina Puerta
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain (B.T.B.); (M.Á.G.M.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aurora Jurado Roger
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain (B.T.B.); (M.Á.G.M.)
- Immunology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Zhang M, Wei J, Sun Y, He C, Ma S, Pan X, Zhu X. The efferocytosis process in aging: Supporting evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic prospects for age-related diseases. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00109-7. [PMID: 38499245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is characterized by an ongoing struggle between the buildup of damage caused by a combination of external and internal factors. Aging has different effects on phagocytes, including impaired efferocytosis. A deficiency in efferocytosis can cause chronic inflammation, aging, and several other clinical disorders. AIM OF REVIEW Our review underscores the possible feasibility and extensive scope of employing dual targets in various age-related diseases to reduce the occurrence and progression of age-related diseases, ultimately fostering healthy aging and increasing lifespan. Key scientific concepts of review Hence, the concurrent implementation of strategies aimed at augmenting efferocytic mechanisms and anti-aging treatments has the potential to serve as a potent intervention for extending the duration of a healthy lifespan. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the concept and physiological effects of efferocytosis. Subsequently, we investigated the association between efferocytosis and the hallmarks of aging. Finally, we discuss growing evidence regarding therapeutic interventions for age-related disorders, focusing on the physiological processes of aging and efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Chang He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Shiyin Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xudong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
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Riviati N, Legiran L, Saleh I, Indrajaya T, Ali Z, Irfannuddin, Probosuseno. Ophiocephalus striatus Extract Supplementation Decreases Serum IL-6 Levels in Older People with Sarcopenia-A Single-Center Experience. Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:35. [PMID: 38525752 PMCID: PMC10961775 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a condition characterized by muscle loss and decreased function in older adults, is a growing public health concern. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Ophiocephalus striatus extract on insulin-like growth factor-1 serum, interleukin-6 serum levels, and sarcopenia-related parameters in older adults with sarcopenia. This double-blind randomized controlled trial included 80 older adults with sarcopenia. Participants were randomly assigned to receive Ophiocephalus striatus extract or a placebo for two weeks. The IGF-1 serum and IL-6 serum levels were assessed as primary outcomes. The Ophiocephalus striatus extract intervention resulted in a significant reduction in serum IL-6 levels. Although the IGF-1 levels did not show significant changes, there was an increase for the intervention group. This study demonstrated that a 2-week intervention with Ophiocephalus striatus extract positively impacted the serum IL-6 levels in older adults with sarcopenia. While the IGF-1 levels did not change significantly in this short intervention period, the observed improvements in IGF-1, calf circumference, muscle mass, and muscle strength are promising. The findings suggest that Ophiocephalus striatus extract may offer a valuable intervention for managing sarcopenia, particularly in regions with abundant Ophiocephalus striatus production, such as South Sumatera. This study was registered with trial number NCT05869383.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Riviati
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical Faculty, Sriwijaya University, Palembang 30126, Indonesia
| | - Legiran Legiran
- Biomedicine Department, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University, Palembang 30139, Indonesia;
| | - Irsan Saleh
- Pharmacology Department, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University, Palembang 30139, Indonesia;
| | - Taufik Indrajaya
- Internal Medicine Department, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University, Palembang 30139, Indonesia; (T.I.); (Z.A.)
| | - Zulkhair Ali
- Internal Medicine Department, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University, Palembang 30139, Indonesia; (T.I.); (Z.A.)
| | - Irfannuddin
- Physiology Department, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University, Palembang 30139, Indonesia;
| | - Probosuseno
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Gajah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia;
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Kim JS, Ma SF, Ma JZ, Huang Y, Bonham CA, Oldham JM, Adegunsoye A, Strek ME, Flaherty KR, Strickland E, Udofia I, Mooney JJ, Ghosh S, Maddipati K, Noth I. Associations of Plasma Omega-3 Fatty Acids With Progression and Survival in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Chest 2024; 165:621-631. [PMID: 37866772 PMCID: PMC10925547 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical experiments suggest protective effects of omega-3 fatty acids and their metabolites in lung injury and fibrosis. Whether higher intake of omega-3 fatty acids is associated with disease progression and survival in humans with pulmonary fibrosis is unknown. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the associations of plasma omega-3 fatty acid levels (a validated marker of omega-3 nutritional intake) with disease progression and transplant-free survival in pulmonary fibrosis? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Omega-3 fatty acid levels were measured from plasma samples of patients with clinically diagnosed pulmonary fibrosis from the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry (n = 150), University of Virginia (n = 58), and University of Chicago (n = 101) cohorts. The N-3 index (docosahexaenoic acid + eicosapentaenoic acid) was the primary exposure variable of interest. Linear-mixed effects models with random intercept and slope were used to examine associations of plasma omega-3 fatty acid levels with changes in FVC and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide over a period of 12 months. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine transplant-free survival. Stratified analyses by telomere length were performed in the University of Chicago cohort. RESULTS Most of the cohort were patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (88%) and male patients (74%). One-unit increment in log-transformed N-3 index plasma level was associated with a change in diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide of 1.43 mL/min/mm Hg per 12 months (95% CI, 0.46-2.41) and a hazard ratio for transplant-free survival of 0.44 (95% CI, 0.24-0.83). Cardiovascular disease history, smoking, and antifibrotic usage did not significantly modify associations. Omega-3 fatty acid levels were not significantly associated with changes in FVC. Higher eicosapentaenoic acid plasma levels were associated with longer transplant-free survival among University of Chicago participants with shorter telomere length (P value for interaction = .02). INTERPRETATION Further research is needed to investigate underlying biological mechanisms and whether omega-3 fatty acids are a potential disease-modifying therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.
| | - Shwu-Fan Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Jennie Z Ma
- Department of Public Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Catherine A Bonham
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Justin M Oldham
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Mary E Strek
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Emma Strickland
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | | | | | - Shrestha Ghosh
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Imre Noth
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
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Conway J, Acharjee A, Duggal NA. Integrated analysis revealing novel associations between dietary patterns and the immune system in older adults. Integr Biol (Camb) 2024; 16:zyae010. [PMID: 38811367 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
With the expanding ageing population, there is a growing interest in the maintenance of immune health to support healthy ageing. Enthusiasm exists for unravelling the impact of diet on the immune system and its therapeutic potential. However, a key challenge is the lack of studies investigating the effect of dietary patterns and nutrients on immune responses. Thus, we have used an integrative analysis approach to improve our understanding of diet-immune system interactions in older adults. To do so, dietary data were collected in parallel with performing immunophenotyping and functional assays from healthy older (n = 40) participants. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was utilised to derive food group intake and multi-colour flow cytometry was performed for immune phenotypic and functional analysis. Spearman correlation revealed the strength of association between all combinations of dietary components, micronutrients, and hallmarks of immunesenescence. In this study, we propose for the first time that higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a positive immune-ageing trajectory (Lower IMM-AGE score) in older adults due to the immune protective effects of high dietary fibre and PUFA intake in combating accumulation or pro-inflammatory senescent T cells. Furthermore, a diet rich in Vit A, Vit B6 and Vit B12 is associated with fewer features of immunesenescence [such as accumulation of terminally differentiated memory CD8 T cells] in older adults. Based on our findings we propose a future nutrition-based intervention study evaluating the efficacy of adherence to the MED diet alongside a multi-nutrient supplementation on immune ageing in older adults to set reliable dietary recommendations with policymakers that can be given to geriatricians and older adults. Insight box: There is a growing interest in the maintenance of immune health to boost healthy ageing. However, a key challenge is the lack of studies investigating the effect of dietary patterns and nutrients on immune responses. Thus, to do so we collected dietary data in parallel with performing immunophenotyping and functional assays on healthy older (n = 40) participants, followed by an integrative analysis approach to improve our understanding of diet-immune system interactions in older adults. We strongly believe that these new findings are appropriate for IB and will be of considerable interest to its broad audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Conway
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Animesh Acharjee
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Niharika A Duggal
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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10
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Kumar SJ, Shukla S, Kumar S, Mishra P. Immunosenescence and Inflamm-Aging: Clinical Interventions and the Potential for Reversal of Aging. Cureus 2024; 16:e53297. [PMID: 38435871 PMCID: PMC10906346 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is often associated with the impairment of the ability to sustain the consequences of the physical, chemical, nutritional, and antigenic triggers of inflammation. The process of immunosenescence may only partially be explained by the senescence of cells, tissues, or the organism, and, hence, the hallmarks of immunosenescence may be markedly and differentially affected by the history of an individual's pathogenic encounter. Inflammation is a key component of immunosenescence, which itself is a direct consequence of aging. This review article highlights the therapeutic interventions for slowing the processes of inflamm-aging and immunosenescence and the possible reversal of aging and includes domains of immunomodulatory interventions, vaccination strategies, nutritional interventions, stem cell therapies, personalized medicine, microbiome interventions, and the positive effects of physical activity and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samayak J Kumar
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Samarth Shukla
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Preeti Mishra
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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11
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Yang W, Jiang W, Guo S. Regulation of Macronutrients in Insulin Resistance and Glucose Homeostasis during Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2023; 15:4671. [PMID: 37960324 PMCID: PMC10647592 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is an important feature of metabolic syndrome and a precursor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Overnutrition-induced obesity is a major risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and T2DM. The intake of macronutrients plays a key role in maintaining energy balance. The components of macronutrients distinctly regulate insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. Precisely adjusting the beneficial food compound intake is important for the prevention of insulin resistance and T2DM. Here, we reviewed the effects of different components of macronutrients on insulin sensitivity and their underlying mechanisms, including fructose, dietary fiber, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and amino acids. Understanding the diet-gene interaction will help us to better uncover the molecular mechanisms of T2DM and promote the application of precision nutrition in practice by integrating multi-omics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shaodong Guo
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (W.Y.); (W.J.)
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12
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Shirani M, Talebi S, Sadeghi O, Hassanizadeh S, Askari G, Bagherniya M, Sahebkar A. Effects of marine-derived n-3 PUFA supplementation on soluble adhesion molecules: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106963. [PMID: 37863453 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids have anti-inflammatory effects but their effects on serum levels of adhesion molecules are inconsistent and contradictory. In this updated systematic review and meta-analysis, marine sources of omega-3 fatty acids were pooled up to determine the effects of omega-3 supplementation on adhesion molecules. PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases (from inception to April 2023) were searched and all RCTs investigating the effects of marine sources of omega-3, on blood concentrations of adhesion molecules were included and a meta-analysis undertaken. Forty-two RCTs were included involving 3555 participants aged from 18 to 75 years. Meta-analysis of 38 arms from 30 RCTs reporting serum concentrations of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) showed a significant reduction after omega-3 supplementation (WMD: -1.26, 95% CI: -1.88 to -0.64 ng/mL, P < 0.001). Meta-analysis of 40 arms from 30 RCTs reporting serum concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) revealed a reduction following omega-3 supplementation, although it was not significant (WMD: -1.76, 95%CI: -3.68 to 0.16 ng/mL, P = 0.07). Meta-analysis of 27 arms from 21 trials showed no effect on E-selectin (WMD: 0.01, 95%CI: -0.02 to 0.04 ng/mL, P = 0.62). Pooling 15 arms from 11 RCTs showed a marginally significant reducing effect on P-selectin concentrations (WMD: -2.67, 95%CI: -5.53 to 0.19 ng/mL, P = 0.06). A considerable decrease in VCAM concentration was observed after omega-3 supplementation in this meta-analysis with a trend to decreases in both ICAM and P-selectin levels, with effects that may be significant depending on study design, and there was no effect on E-selectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Shirani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shokoofeh Talebi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shirin Hassanizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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13
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Savard J, Moussa H, Pelletier J, Julien P, Lacombe L, Tiguert R, Caumartin Y, Dujardin T, Toren P, Pouliot F, Lodde M, Fradet Y, Robitaille K, Fradet V. Effects of omega-3 supplementation on psychological symptoms in men with prostate cancer: Secondary analysis of a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Cancer Med 2023; 12:20163-20176. [PMID: 37787025 PMCID: PMC10587967 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the general population, a higher omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake is associated with lower levels of several psychological symptoms, especially depression. However, the existing evidence in cancer is equivocal. METHODS This phase IIB double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was aimed at comparing the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride (MAG-EPA) supplementation and high oleic acid sunflower oil (HOSO; placebo) on depression levels (primary outcome) and other symptoms (anxiety, fear of cancer recurrence, fatigue, insomnia, perceived cognitive impairments; secondary outcomes). Participants, recruited in a prostate cancer clinic, were randomized to MAG-EPA (3.75 g daily; n = 65) or HOSO (3.75 g daily; n = 65) for 1 year post-radical prostatectomy (RP), starting 4-10 weeks before surgery. Patients completed self-report scales at baseline (before RP) and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI), and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function (FACT-Cog). RESULTS Analyses showed significant reductions in HADS-depression, HADS-anxiety, FCRI, ISI, FSI-number of days, and FACT-Cog-impact scores over time. A significant group-by-time interaction was obtained on FACT-Cog-Impact scores only; yet, the temporal change was significant in HOSO patients only. CONCLUSIONS Several symptoms significantly decreased over time, mainly within the first months of the study. However, MAG-EPA did not produce greater reductions than HOSO. Omega-3 supplementation does not seem to improve psychological symptoms of men treated with RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josée Savard
- School of PsychologyUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Université Laval Cancer Research CenterQuébecCanada
| | - Hanane Moussa
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Université Laval Cancer Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Jean‐François Pelletier
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Université Laval Cancer Research CenterQuébecCanada
| | | | - Louis Lacombe
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Université Laval Cancer Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Rabi Tiguert
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
| | - Yves Caumartin
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
| | | | - Paul Toren
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Université Laval Cancer Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Frédéric Pouliot
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Université Laval Cancer Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Michele Lodde
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
| | - Yves Fradet
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Université Laval Cancer Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Karine Robitaille
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Université Laval Cancer Research CenterQuébecCanada
| | - Vincent Fradet
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Université Laval Cancer Research CenterQuébecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) and NutritionHealth and Society (NUTRISS) center of Université LavalQuébecCanada
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14
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Madison AA, Andridge R, Kantaras AH, Renna ME, Bennett JM, Alfano CM, Povoski SP, Agnese DM, Lustberg M, Wesolowski R, Carson WE, Williams NO, Reinbolt RE, Sardesai SD, Noonan AM, Stover DG, Cherian MA, Malarkey WB, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Depression, Inflammation, and Intestinal Permeability: Associations with Subjective and Objective Cognitive Functioning throughout Breast Cancer Survivorship. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4414. [PMID: 37686689 PMCID: PMC10487080 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
About one-in-three breast cancer survivors have lingering cognitive complaints and objective cognitive impairment. Chronic inflammation and intestinal permeability (i.e., leaky gut), two risk factors for cognitive decline, can also fuel depression-another vulnerability for cognitive decline. The current study tested whether depression accompanied by high levels of inflammation or intestinal permeability predicted lower subjective and objective cognitive function in breast cancer survivors. We combined data from four breast cancer survivor studies (n = 613); some had repeated measurements for a total of 1015 study visits. All participants had a blood draw to obtain baseline measures of lipopolysaccharide binding protein-a measure of intestinal permeability, as well as three inflammatory markers that were incorporated into an inflammatory index: C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. They reported depressive symptoms on the Center for Epidemiological Studies depression scale (CES-D), and a binary variable indicated clinically significant depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16). The Kohli (749 observations) and the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial (591 observations) scales assessed subjective cognitive function. Objective cognitive function tests included the trail-making test, Hopkins verbal learning test, Conners continuous performance test, n-back test, FAS test, and animal-naming test (239-246 observations). Adjusting for education, age, BMI, cancer treatment type, time since treatment, study visit, and fatigue, women who had clinically elevated depressive symptoms accompanied by heightened inflammation or intestinal permeability reported poorer focus and marginally poorer memory. However, poorer performance across objective cognitive measures was not specific to inflammation-associated depression. Rather, there was some evidence of lower verbal fluency; poorer attention, verbal learning and memory, and working memory; and difficulties with visuospatial search among depressed survivors, regardless of inflammation. By themselves, inflammation and intestinal permeability less consistently predicted subjective or objective cognitive function. Breast cancer survivors with clinically significant depressive symptoms accompanied by either elevated inflammation or intestinal permeability may perceive greater cognitive difficulty, even though depression-related objective cognitive deficits may not be specific to inflammation- or leaky-gut-associated depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise A Madison
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rebecca Andridge
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anthony H Kantaras
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Megan E Renna
- School of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Jeanette M Bennett
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28213, USA
| | | | - Stephen P Povoski
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Doreen M Agnese
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Maryam Lustberg
- Center for Breast Cancer, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Robert Wesolowski
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - William E Carson
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicole O Williams
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Raquel E Reinbolt
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sagar D Sardesai
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anne M Noonan
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel G Stover
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mathew A Cherian
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - William B Malarkey
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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15
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White MR, Yates DT. Dousing the flame: reviewing the mechanisms of inflammatory programming during stress-induced intrauterine growth restriction and the potential for ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intervention. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1250134. [PMID: 37727657 PMCID: PMC10505810 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1250134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) arises when maternal stressors coincide with peak placental development, leading to placental insufficiency. When the expanding nutrient demands of the growing fetus subsequently exceed the capacity of the stunted placenta, fetal hypoxemia and hypoglycemia result. Poor fetal nutrient status stimulates greater release of inflammatory cytokines and catecholamines, which in turn lead to thrifty growth and metabolic programming that benefits fetal survival but is maladaptive after birth. Specifically, some IUGR fetal tissues develop enriched expression of inflammatory cytokine receptors and other signaling cascade components, which increases inflammatory sensitivity even when circulating inflammatory cytokines are no longer elevated after birth. Recent evidence indicates that greater inflammatory tone contributes to deficits in skeletal muscle growth and metabolism that are characteristic of IUGR offspring. These deficits underlie the metabolic dysfunction that markedly increases risk for metabolic diseases in IUGR-born individuals. The same programming mechanisms yield reduced metabolic efficiency, poor body composition, and inferior carcass quality in IUGR-born livestock. The ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are diet-derived nutraceuticals with anti-inflammatory effects that have been used to improve conditions of chronic systemic inflammation, including intrauterine stress. In this review, we highlight the role of sustained systemic inflammation in the development of IUGR pathologies. We then discuss the potential for ω-3 PUFA supplementation to improve inflammation-mediated growth and metabolic deficits in IUGR offspring, along with potential barriers that must be considered when developing a supplementation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dustin T. Yates
- Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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16
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Mohsen G, Stroemer A, Mayr A, Kunsorg A, Stoppe C, Wittmann M, Velten M. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Postoperative Inflammatory Response: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3414. [PMID: 37571352 PMCID: PMC10421202 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Initial evidence indicates that preoperatively initiated administration of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) attenuates the postoperative inflammatory reaction. The effects of immunonutrition containing omega-3 FAs, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on the inflammatory response to abdominal surgery continues to be unclear, although improved outcomes have been reported. Therefore, we determined the effectiveness of preoperatively initiated omega-3 FAs administration on postoperative inflammation defined as CRP (C-Reactive Protein), IL-6 (Interleukin 6), and WBC (White Blood Count) and potential effects on postoperative length of hospital stay (LOS) due to an improved inflammatory response. METHODS a literature search of Cochrane Library was conducted to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of preoperatively initiated omega-3 to standard care, placebo, or other immunonutrients excluding omega-3 FAs in patients undergoing abdominal surgery until the end of December 2022. RESULTS a total of 296 articles were found during the initial search. Thirteen RCTs involving 950 patients were identified that met the search criteria. These were successively analyzed and included in this meta-analysis. There was no significant difference between the groups with respect to inflammatory markers IL-6: -0.55 [-1.22; 0.12] p = 0.10, CRP: -0.14 [-0.67; 0.40] p = 0.55, WBC: -0.58 [-3.05; 1.89] p = 0.42, or hospital stay -0.5 [-1.43; 0.41] p = 0.2. CONCLUSION although reduced inflammatory markers were observed, preoperative administration of omega-3 FAs immunonutrients had no significant effect on the postoperative inflammatory response in patients undergoing abdominal surgeries. Yet, results obtained from this study are inconclusive, likely attributed to the limited number of trials and patients included. Further studies are required to obtain a better educated verdict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaith Mohsen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.K.); (M.W.); (M.V.)
| | - Annika Stroemer
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Andreas Mayr
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Kunsorg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.K.); (M.W.); (M.V.)
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, German Heart Center Berlin, Charité Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Wittmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.K.); (M.W.); (M.V.)
| | - Markus Velten
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.K.); (M.W.); (M.V.)
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17
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Madison AA, Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Malarkey WB, Belury MA. Omega-3 fatty acids reduce depressive symptoms only among the socially stressed: A corollary of the social signal transduction theory of depression. Health Psychol 2023; 42:448-459. [PMID: 37261751 PMCID: PMC10330456 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is mixed evidence about whether omega-3 fatty acids reduce depressive symptoms. We previously reported that 4 months of omega-3 supplementation reduced inflammatory responsivity to a lab-based social stressor. In another study, we showed that those with exaggerated inflammatory responsivity to a social stressor had the greatest depressive symptom increases over time, especially if they experienced frequent social stress. Here we tested whether omega-3 supplementation reduced subthreshold depressive symptoms among those who experienced frequent social stress. METHOD Healthy, sedentary, generally overweight middle-aged and older adults (N = 138) were randomly assigned to 4 months of pill placebo (n = 46), 1.25 grams per day (g/d) omega-3 (n = 46), or 2.5 g/d omega-3 (n = 46). At a baseline visit and monthly follow-up visits, they reported depressive symptoms and had their blood drawn to assess plasma levels of omega-3 fatty acids. Participants completed the Trier Inventory of Chronic Stress at Visit 2 and the Test of Negative Social Exchange at Visit 3. RESULTS Among those who were overweight or obese, both doses of omega-3 reduced depressive symptoms only in the context of frequent hostile interactions and social tension, and 2.5 g/d of omega-3 lowered depressive symptoms among those with less social recognition or more performance pressure (ps < .05). Findings were largely corroborated with plasma omega-3 fatty acids. No other social stress or work stress measure moderated omega-3 fatty acids' relationship with depressive symptoms (ps > .05). CONCLUSIONS Omega-3 fatty acids' antidepressant effect may be most evident among those who experience frequent social stress, perhaps because omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammatory reactivity to social stressors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise A. Madison
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University
| | - Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
| | - William B. Malarkey
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
| | - Martha A. Belury
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University
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18
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Lécuyer L, Laouali N, Viallon V, Artaud F, Hébert JR, Shivappa N, Agudo A, Tjønneland A, Mellemkjær L, Kaaks R, Katzke VA, Schulze MB, Frenoy P, Mancini FR, De Magistris MS, Macciotta A, Masala G, Agnoli C, Tumino R, Boer JMA, Verschuren WMM, Enget Jensen TM, Olsen KS, Skeie G, Chirlaque MD, Petrova D, Castro-Espin C, Quirós JR, Guevara M, Amiano P, Borné Y, Sandström M, Nilsson LM, Heath AK, Mayen AL, Huybrechts I, Weiderpass E, Boutron-Ruault MC, Dossus L, Rinaldi S, Truong T. Associations between dietary inflammatory scores and biomarkers of inflammation in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1115-1125. [PMID: 37271707 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the first version of the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) developed in the past decade, several other versions have been developed. However, to date no study has attempted to compare these versions with respect to their associations with biomarkers of inflammation. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the relationship between four dietary inflammatory scores [DII, two energy-adjusted derivatives (E-DII and E-DIIr), and the Inflammatory Score of the Diet (ISD)], and circulating levels of several inflammatory markers and adipokines. METHODS This study included 17 637 participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort with at least one marker of inflammation measured in blood. Associations between the four scores and C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)6, IL10, IL1RA, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFR1), sTNFR2, leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sLeptin R), adiponectin, and High Molecular Weight (HMW) adiponectin were evaluated using multivariable linear regressions adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Positive associations were observed between the four dietary inflammatory scores and levels of CRP, IL6, sTNFR1, sTNFR2 and leptin. However, only the DII and the ISD were positively associated with IL1RA levels and only the DII and the E-DIIr were positively associated with TNFα levels. The proportion of variance of each biomarker explained by the scores was lower than 2%, which was equivalent to the variance explained by smoking status but much lower than that explained by body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the four dietary inflammatory scores were associated with some biomarkers of inflammation and could be used to assess the inflammatory potential of diet in European adults but are not sufficient to capture the inflammatory status of an individual. These findings can help to better understand the inflammatory potential of diet, but they need to be replicated in studies with repeated dietary measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Lécuyer
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, CESP, Team "Exposome and Heredity", 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Nasser Laouali
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, CESP, Team "Exposome and Heredity", 94807, Villejuif, France; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Vivian Viallon
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Fanny Artaud
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, CESP, Team "Exposome and Heredity", 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Nutrition and Cancer Group, Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, "Diet, Cancer and Health", Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Mellemkjær
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, "Diet, Cancer and Health", Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena A Katzke
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Dept. of Molecular Epidemiology, Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Pauline Frenoy
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, CESP, Team "Exposome and Heredity", 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, CESP, Team "Exposome and Heredity", 94807, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Alessandra Macciotta
- Centre for Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C-BEPH), Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Research, AIRE-ONLUS, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Jolanda M A Boer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - W M Monique Verschuren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Torill M Enget Jensen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karina Standahl Olsen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - María-Dolores Chirlaque
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain; CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dafina Petrova
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), 18011, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlota Castro-Espin
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Nutrition and Cancer Group, Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Marcela Guevara
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Yan Borné
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria Sandström
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lena Maria Nilsson
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health/ Arcum, Arctic Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alicia K Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ana-Lucia Mayen
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | | | - Laure Dossus
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, CESP, Team "Exposome and Heredity", 94807, Villejuif, France.
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19
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Carvajal F, Sánchez-Gil A, Cardona D, Rincón-Cervera MA, Lerma-Cabrera JM. The Effect of Very-Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Central Nervous System and Their Potential Benefits for Treating Alcohol Use Disorder: Reviewing Pre-Clinical and Clinical Data. Nutrients 2023; 15:2993. [PMID: 37447319 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use poses a significant global health concern, leading to serious physical and socioeconomic issues worldwide. The current treatment options for problematic alcohol consumption are limited, leading to the exploration of alternative approaches, such as nutraceuticals. One promising target is very-long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC n-3 PUFAs). This review aims to compile the most relevant pre-clinical and clinical evidence on the effect of VLC n-3 PUFAs on alcohol use disorders and related outcomes. The findings suggest that VLC n-3 PUFAs may alleviate the physiological changes induced by alcohol consumption, including neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter dysregulation. Additionally, they can reduce withdrawal symptoms, improve mood, and reduce stress level, all of which are closely associated with problematic alcohol consumption. However, more research is required to fully understand the precise mechanisms by which VLC n-3 PUFAs exert their function. Furthermore, PUFAs should not be considered a standalone solution, but as a complement to other therapeutic approaches. Although preliminary evidence supports the potential therapeutic effect of VLC n-3 PUFAs on problematic alcohol consumption, additional research is needed to validate these findings and determine the optimal use of PUFAs as part of a comprehensive approach to the treatment of alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Carvajal
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Health Research Center, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Sánchez-Gil
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Health Research Center, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Diana Cardona
- Health Research Center, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Rincón-Cervera
- Food Technology Division, ceiA3, CIAMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 830490, Chile
| | - Jose Manuel Lerma-Cabrera
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Health Research Center, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
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20
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Li X, Li C, Zhang W, Wang Y, Qian P, Huang H. Inflammation and aging: signaling pathways and intervention therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:239. [PMID: 37291105 PMCID: PMC10248351 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by systemic chronic inflammation, which is accompanied by cellular senescence, immunosenescence, organ dysfunction, and age-related diseases. Given the multidimensional complexity of aging, there is an urgent need for a systematic organization of inflammaging through dimensionality reduction. Factors secreted by senescent cells, known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), promote chronic inflammation and can induce senescence in normal cells. At the same time, chronic inflammation accelerates the senescence of immune cells, resulting in weakened immune function and an inability to clear senescent cells and inflammatory factors, which creates a vicious cycle of inflammation and senescence. Persistently elevated inflammation levels in organs such as the bone marrow, liver, and lungs cannot be eliminated in time, leading to organ damage and aging-related diseases. Therefore, inflammation has been recognized as an endogenous factor in aging, and the elimination of inflammation could be a potential strategy for anti-aging. Here we discuss inflammaging at the molecular, cellular, organ, and disease levels, and review current aging models, the implications of cutting-edge single cell technologies, as well as anti-aging strategies. Since preventing and alleviating aging-related diseases and improving the overall quality of life are the ultimate goals of aging research, our review highlights the critical features and potential mechanisms of inflammation and aging, along with the latest developments and future directions in aging research, providing a theoretical foundation for novel and practical anti-aging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chentao Li
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Wanying Zhang
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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21
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Clarke ED, Stanford J, Ferguson JJA, Wood LG, Collins CE. Red Blood Cell Membrane Fatty Acid Composition, Dietary Fatty Acid Intake and Diet Quality as Predictors of Inflammation in a Group of Australian Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102405. [PMID: 37242288 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that diet can play a role in modulating systemic inflammation. This study aims to examine the relationship between fatty acids (FAs) (self-reported dietary intake and red blood cell (RBC) membrane fatty acid concentrations), three diet quality scores, and the plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers (interleukin-6, IL-6; tumour necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α; and C-reactive protein, CRP) in a group of Australian adults (n = 92). Data were collected on their demographic characteristics, health status, supplement intake, dietary intake, RBC-FAs and plasma inflammatory markers over a nine-month period. Mixed-effects models were used to determine the relationship between RBC-FAs, dietary intake of FAs, diet quality scores and inflammatory markers to determine which variable most strongly predicted systemic inflammation. A significant association was identified between dietary saturated fat intake and TNF-α (β = 0.01, p < 0.05). An association was also identified between RBC membrane saturated fatty acids (SFA) and CRP (β = 0.55, p < 0.05). Inverse associations were identified between RBC membrane monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) (β = -0.88, p < 0.01), dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (β = -0.21, p < 0.05) and CRP, and the Australian Eating Survey Modified Mediterranean Diet (AES-MED) score and IL-6 (β = -0.21, p < 0.05). In summary, using both objective and subjective measures of fat intake and diet quality, our study has confirmed a positive association between saturated fat and inflammation, while inverse associations were observed between MUFAs, PUFAs, the Mediterranean diet, and inflammation. Our results provide further evidence that manipulating diet quality, in particular fatty acid intake, may be useful for reducing chronic systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Clarke
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) Food and Nutrition Research Program, HMRI, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Jordan Stanford
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) Food and Nutrition Research Program, HMRI, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Jessica J A Ferguson
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) Food and Nutrition Research Program, HMRI, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) Food and Nutrition Research Program, HMRI, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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22
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Kelaiditis CF, Gibson E, Dyall SC. Effects of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on reducing anxiety and/or depression in adults; A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 192:102572. [PMID: 37028202 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic- (EPA), docosahexaenoic- (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-3) are promising therapeutic options in reducing the severity of anxious and depressive symptoms. However, meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) yield mixed findings. This systematic review and meta-analysis reviewed the evidence and assessed the efficacy of EPA, DHA and DPAn-3 in reducing the severity of anxiety and depression with specific consideration to methodological complications unique to the field e.g., dose and ratio of omega-3 PUFAs and placebo composition. Random-effects meta-analysis of ten RCTs comprising 1426 participants revealed statistically significant reduction in depression severity with EPA-enriched interventions at proportions ≥ 60% of total EPA + DHA (SMD: -0.36; 95% CI: -0.68, -0.05; p = 0.02) (I2 = 86%) and EPA doses between ≥ 1 g/day and < 2 g/day (SMD: -0.43; 95% CI: -0.79, -0.07; p = 0.02) (I2 = 88%); however, EPA doses ≥ 2 g/day were not associated with significant therapeutic effects (SMD: -0.20; 95% CI: -0.48, 0.07; p = 0.14). Only one study reported significant reduction in anxiety severity with 2.1 g/day EPA (85.6% of total EPA + DHA), therefore meta-analysis was not possible. No trials administering DPAn-3 were identified. Visual examination of the funnel plot revealed asymmetry, suggesting publication bias and heterogeneity amongst the trials. These results support the therapeutic potential of EPA in depression at proportions ≥ 60% of total EPA + DHA and doses ≥ 1 g/day and < 2 g/day. The observed publication bias and heterogeneity amongst the trials reflect the need for more high-quality trials in this area with consideration to the unique nature of omega-3 PUFAs research, to more fully elucidate the therapeutic potential of EPA, DHA and DPAn-3.
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23
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Rust P, Ekmekcioglu C. The Role of Diet and Specific Nutrients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Have We Learned over the Last Three Years? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5400. [PMID: 37048015 PMCID: PMC10093865 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients and diets have an important impact on our immune system and infection risk and a huge number of papers have been published dealing with various aspects of nutrition in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection risk or COVID-19 severity. This narrative review aims to give an update on this association and tries to summarize some of the most important findings after three years of pandemic. The analysis of major studies and systematic reviews leads to the conclusion that a healthy plant-based diet reduces the risks for SARS-CoV-2 infection and especially COVID-19 severity. Regarding micronutrients, vitamin D is to the fore, but also zinc, vitamin C and, to some extent, selenium may play a role in COVID-19. Furthermore, omega-3-fatty acids with their anti-inflammatory effects also deserve attention. Therefore, a major aim of societal nutritional efforts in future should be to foster a high quality plant-based diet, which not only exerts beneficial effects on the immune system but also reduces the risk for non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes or obesity which are also primary risk factors for worse COVID-19 outcomes. Another aim should be to focus on a good supply of critical immune-effective nutrients, such as vitamin D and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Rust
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cem Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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24
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Rohr JC, Bourassa KA, Thompson DS, Fowler JC, Frueh BC, Weinstein BL, Petrosino J, Madan A. History of childhood physical abuse is associated with gut microbiota diversity among adult psychiatric inpatients. J Affect Disord 2023; 331:50-56. [PMID: 36933668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic life events are associated with the development of psychiatric and chronic medical illnesses. This exploratory study examined the relationship between traumatic life events and the gut microbiota among adult psychiatric inpatients. METHODS 105 adult psychiatric inpatients provided clinical data and a single fecal sample shortly after admission. A modified version of the Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire was used to quantify history of traumatic life events. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbial community. RESULTS Gut microbiota diversity was not associated with overall trauma score or any of the three trauma factor scores. Upon item-level analysis, history of childhood physical abuse was uniquely associated with beta diversity. Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LefSe) analyses revealed that childhood physical abuse was associated with abundance of distinct bacterial taxa associated with inflammation. LIMITATIONS This study did not account for dietary differences, though diet was highly restricted as all participants were psychiatric inpatients. Absolute variance accounted for by the taxa was small though practically meaningful. The study was not powered for full subgroup analysis based on race and ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS This study is among the first to demonstrate a relationship between childhood physical abuse and gut microbiota composition among adult psychiatric patients. These findings suggest that early childhood adverse events may have long-conferred systemic consequences. Future efforts may target the gut microbiota for the prevention and/or treatment of psychiatric and medical risk associated with traumatic life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Rohr
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Katelynn A Bourassa
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dominique S Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Christopher Fowler
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Benjamin L Weinstein
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Petrosino
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alok Madan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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25
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Moussa H, Robitaille K, Pelletier JF, Tourigny R, Fradet Y, Lacombe L, Toren P, Lodde M, Tiguert R, Dujardin T, Caumartin Y, Duchesne T, Julien P, Savard J, Diorio C, Fradet V. Effects of Concentrated Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Quality of Life after Radical Prostatectomy: A Phase II Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial (RCT-EPA). Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061369. [PMID: 36986098 PMCID: PMC10052536 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) and associated treatments incur symptoms that may impact patients’ quality of life. Studies have shown beneficial relationships between diet, especially omega-3 fatty acids, and these symptoms. Unfortunately, only few data describing the relationship between long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (LCn3) and PCa-related symptoms in patients are available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of LCn3 supplementation on PCa-specific quality of life in 130 men treated by radical prostatectomy. Men were randomized to receive a daily dose of either 3.75 g of fish oil or a placebo starting 7 weeks before surgery and for up to one-year post-surgery. Quality of life was assessed using the validated EPIC-26 and IPSS questionnaires at randomization, at surgery, and every 3 months following surgery. Between-group differences were assessed using linear mixed models. Intention-to-treat analyses showed no significant difference between the two groups. However, at 12-month follow-up, per-protocol analyses showed a significantly greater increase in the urinary irritation function score (better urinary function) (MD = 5.5, p = 0.03) for the LCn3 group compared to placebo. These results suggest that LCn3 supplementation may improve the urinary irritation function in men with PCa treated by radical prostatectomy and support to conduct of larger-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Moussa
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) and NUTRISS Center—Nutrition, Health and Society of Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Karine Robitaille
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) and NUTRISS Center—Nutrition, Health and Society of Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | | | - Roxane Tourigny
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) and NUTRISS Center—Nutrition, Health and Society of Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Louis Lacombe
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Paul Toren
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Michele Lodde
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Rabi Tiguert
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Thierry Dujardin
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Yves Caumartin
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Thierry Duchesne
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
| | - Josée Savard
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Caroline Diorio
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
| | - Vincent Fradet
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) and NUTRISS Center—Nutrition, Health and Society of Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Dugan B, Conway J, Duggal NA. Inflammaging as a target for healthy ageing. Age Ageing 2023; 52:7024516. [PMID: 36735849 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy has been on the rise for the past few decades, but healthy life expectancy has not kept pace, leading to a global burden of age-associated disorders. Advancing age is accompanied by a chronic increase in basal systemic inflammation, termed inflammaging, contributing towards an increased risk of developing chronic diseases in old age. This article reviews the recent literature to formulate hypotheses regarding how age-associated inflammaging plays a crucial role in driving chronic diseases and ill health in older adults. Here, we discuss how non-pharmacological intervention strategies (diet, nutraceutical supplements, phytochemicals, physical activity, microbiome-based therapies) targeting inflammaging restore health in older adults. We also consider alternative existing pharmacological interventions (Caloric restriction mimetics, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors) and explore novel targets (senolytics) aimed at combating inflammaging and optimising the ageing process to increase healthy lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Dugan
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jessica Conway
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Niharika A Duggal
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Ramos-Lopez O, Martinez-Urbistondo D, Vargas-Nuñez JA, Martinez JA. The Role of Nutrition on Meta-inflammation: Insights and Potential Targets in Communicable and Chronic Disease Management. Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:305-335. [PMID: 36258149 PMCID: PMC9579631 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic low-grade inflammation may contribute to the onset and progression of communicable and chronic diseases. This review examined the effects and eventual mediation roles of different nutritional factors on inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS Potential nutritional compounds influencing inflammation processes include macro and micronutrients, bioactive molecules (polyphenols), specific food components, and culinary ingredients as well as standardized dietary patterns, eating habits, and chrononutrition features. Therefore, research in this field is still required, taking into account critical aspects of heterogeneity including type of population, minimum and maximum intakes and adverse effects, cooking methods, physiopathological status, and times of intervention. Moreover, the integrative analysis of traditional variables (age, sex, metabolic profile, clinical history, body phenotype, habitual dietary intake, physical activity levels, and lifestyle) together with individualized issues (genetic background, epigenetic signatures, microbiota composition, gene expression profiles, and metabolomic fingerprints) may contribute to the knowledge and prescription of more personalized treatments aimed to improving the precision medical management of inflammation as well as the design of anti-inflammatory diets in chronic and communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Universidad 14418, UABC, Parque Internacional Industrial Tijuana, 22390, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.
| | | | - Juan A Vargas-Nuñez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Sharma R, Diwan B, Sharma A, Witkowski JM. Emerging cellular senescence-centric understanding of immunological aging and its potential modulation through dietary bioactive components. Biogerontology 2022; 23:699-729. [PMID: 36261747 PMCID: PMC9581456 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunological aging is strongly associated with the observable deleterious effects of human aging. Our understanding of the causes, effects, and therapeutics of aging immune cells has long been considered within the sole purview of immunosenescence. However, it is being progressively realized that immunosenescence may not be the only determinant of immunological aging. The cellular senescence-centric theory of aging proposes a more fundamental and specific role of immune cells in regulating senescent cell (SC) burden in aging tissues that has augmented the notion of senescence immunotherapy. Now, in addition, several emerging studies are suggesting that cellular senescence itself may be prevalent in aging immune cells, and that senescent immune cells exhibiting characteristic markers of cellular senescence, similar to non-leucocyte cells, could be among the key drivers of various facets of physiological aging. The present review integrates the current knowledge related to immunosenescence and cellular senescence in immune cells per se, and aims at providing a cohesive overview of these two phenomena and their significance in immunity and aging. We present evidence and rationalize that understanding the extent and impact of cellular senescence in immune cells vis-à-vis immunosenescence is necessary for truly comprehending the notion of an 'aged immune cell'. In addition, we also discuss the emerging significance of dietary factors such as phytochemicals, probiotic bacteria, fatty acids, and micronutrients as possible modulators of immunosenescence and cellular senescence. Evidence and opportunities related to nutritional bioactive components and immunological aging have been deliberated to augment potential nutrition-oriented immunotherapy during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India.
| | - Bhawna Diwan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Dogaru IA, Puiu MG, Manea M, Dionisie V. Current Perspectives on Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Interventions for the Inflammatory Mechanism of Unipolar Depression. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101403. [PMID: 36291336 PMCID: PMC9599138 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since depression remains a major public health issue there is a constant need for new and more efficient therapeutic strategies based on the mechanisms involved in the aetiology of depression. Thus, the pathogenic link between depression and inflammation is considered to play a potential key role in the development of such therapies. This review summarizes the results of various pharmacological (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, cytokine inhibitors, corticosteroids, statins, minocycline, N-acetyl cysteine, omega-3 fatty acids and probiotics) and non-pharmacological interventions (electroconvulsive therapy, physical exercise and psychological therapy) and outlines their efficacy and discusses potential challenges. Both conventional and non-conventional anti-inflammatory drugs showed promising results according to the specific group of patients. The pre-existing pro-inflammatory status was, in most cases, a predictor for clinical efficacy and, in some cases, a correlation between clinical improvement and changes in various biomarkers was found. Some of the non-pharmacological interventions (physical exercise and electroconvulsive therapy) have also showed beneficial effects for depressive patients with elevated inflammatory markers. Treatments with anti-inflammatory action may improve clinical outcomes in depression, at least for some categories of patients, thus opening the way for a future personalised approach to patients with unipolar depression regarding the inflammation-related mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana-Alexandra Dogaru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Gabriela Puiu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Mirela Manea
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad Dionisie
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Dighriri IM, Alsubaie AM, Hakami FM, Hamithi DM, Alshekh MM, Khobrani FA, Dalak FE, Hakami AA, Alsueaadi EH, Alsaawi LS, Alshammari SF, Alqahtani AS, Alawi IA, Aljuaid AA, Tawhari MQ. Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Brain Functions: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e30091. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Ogłuszka M, Lipiński P, Starzyński RR. Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Telomeres-Are They the Elixir of Youth? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183723. [PMID: 36145097 PMCID: PMC9504755 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are complexes consisting of tandem repeat DNA combined with associated proteins that play a key role in protecting the ends of chromosomes and maintaining genome stability. They are considered a biological clock, as they shorten in parallel with aging. Furthermore, short telomeres are associated with several age-related diseases. However, the variability in telomere shortening independent of chronological age suggests that it is a modifiable factor. In fact, it is regulated inter alia by genetic damage, cell division, aging, oxidative stress, and inflammation. A key question remains: how can we prevent accelerated telomere attrition and subsequent premature replicative senescence? A number of studies have explored the possible impact of omega-3 fatty acids on telomere shortening. This review summarizes published cross-sectional studies, randomized controlled trials, and rodent studies investigating the role of omega-3 fatty acids in telomere biology. It also covers a broad overview of the mechanism, currently favored in the field, that explains the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on telomeres—the food compound’s ability to modulate oxidative stress and inflammation. Although the results of the studies performed to date are not consistent, the vast majority indicate a beneficial effect of omega-3 fatty acids on telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ogłuszka
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Paweł Lipiński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Rafał R. Starzyński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Brunvoll SH, Nygaard AB, Ellingjord-Dale M, Holland P, Istre MS, Kalleberg KT, Søraas CL, Holven KB, Ulven SM, Hjartåker A, Haider T, Lund-Johansen F, Dahl JA, Meyer HE, Søraas A. Prevention of covid-19 and other acute respiratory infections with cod liver oil supplementation, a low dose vitamin D supplement: quadruple blinded, randomised placebo controlled trial. BMJ 2022; 378:e071245. [PMID: 36215222 PMCID: PMC9449357 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if daily supplementation with cod liver oil, a low dose vitamin D supplement, in winter, prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection, serious covid-19, or other acute respiratory infections in adults in Norway. DESIGN Quadruple blinded, randomised placebo controlled trial. SETTING Norway, 10 November 2020 to 2 June 2021. PARTICIPANTS 34 601 adults (aged 18-75 years), not taking daily vitamin D supplements. INTERVENTION 5 mL/day of cod liver oil (10 µg of vitamin D, n=17 278) or placebo (n=17 323) for up to six months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Four co-primary endpoints were predefined: the first was a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result determined by reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the second was serious covid-19, defined as self-reported dyspnoea, admission to hospital, or death. Other acute respiratory infections were indicated by the third and fourth co-primary endpoints: a negative SARS-CoV-2 test result and self-reported symptoms. Side effects related to the supplementation were self-reported. The fallback method was used to handle multiple comparisons. RESULTS Supplementation with cod liver oil was not associated with a reduced risk of any of the co-primary endpoints. Participants took the supplement (cod liver oil or placebo) for a median of 164 days, and 227 (1.31%) participants in the cod liver oil group and 228 (1.32%) participants in the placebo group had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result (relative risk 1.00, multiple comparison adjusted confidence interval 0.82 to 1.22). Serious covid-19 was identified in 121 (0.70%) participants in the cod liver oil group and in 101 (0.58%) participants in the placebo group (1.20, 0.87 to 1.65). 8546 (49.46%) and 8565 (49.44%) participants in the cod liver oil and placebo groups, respectively, had ≥1 negative SARS-CoV-2 test results (1.00, 0.97 to 1.04). 3964 (22.94%) and 3834 (22.13%) participants in the cod liver oil and placebo groups, respectively, reported ≥1 acute respiratory infections (1.04, 0.97 to 1.11). Only low grade side effects were reported in the cod liver oil and placebo groups. CONCLUSION Supplementation with cod liver oil in the winter did not reduce the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, serious covid-19, or other acute respiratory infections compared with placebo. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04609423.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Petter Holland
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | | | | | - Camilla L Søraas
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolaemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity, and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Hjartåker
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Haider
- Health Economics-Medical Statistics Trond Haider, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - John Arne Dahl
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Haakon E Meyer
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Søraas
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
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Nutritional Support with Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Burn Patients: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142874. [PMID: 35889830 PMCID: PMC9320673 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In burn patients, the profound effect of nutritional support on improved wound healing and a reduced rate of hospitalization and mortality has been documented. Fish oil as a primary source of omega-3 fatty acids in nutritional support may attenuate the inflammatory response and enhance immune function; however, unclear effects on the improvement of clinical outcomes in burn patients remain. Methods: The systematic literature review was conducted by searching the electronic databases: Cochrane Library, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus to assess the randomized controlled trials of nutritional support with omega-3 fatty acids compared to control diets in patients that presented with burns from any causes. Results: Seven trials were included in this meta-analysis. We found no significant differences in length of stay (LOS) (p = 0.59), mortality (p = 0.86), ventilation days (p = 0.16), gastrointestinal complications—e.g., constipation and diarrhea (p = 0.73)—or infectious complications—e.g., pneumonia and sepsis (p = 0.22)—between the omega-3-fatty-acid-receiving group and the control/other diets group. Conclusions: We did not find a benefit of omega-3 support in reducing the various complications, mortality and LOS in burn patients. Further studies are necessary to find the effect of nutritional support with omega-3 fatty acids over low-fat diets in this population.
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Madison AA, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Are sick people really more impulsive?: Investigating inflammation-driven impulsivity. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 141:105763. [PMID: 35429698 PMCID: PMC10103332 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In both animals and humans, inflammatory stimuli - especially infections and endotoxin injections - cause "sickness behaviors," including lethargy, malaise, and low mood. An emerging line of research asserts that inflammation may provoke present-focused decision making and impulsivity. The current article assesses that claim in the context of the broader literature - including preclinical models and clinical interventions. This literature presents three challenges to purported inflammation-impulsivity link that have not been addressed to date: (1) the nebulous and imprecise definition of impulsivity; (2) reverse causality; and (3) a lack of causal evidence. These challenges point to ways in which future research designs can improve upon the extant literature to further explore the ostensible relationship between inflammation and impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise A Madison
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, USA.
| | - Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA
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35
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Susai SR, Mongan D, Healy C, Cannon M, Cagney G, Wynne K, Byrne JF, Markulev C, Schäfer MR, Berger M, Mossaheb N, Schlögelhofer M, Smesny S, Hickie IB, Berger GE, Chen EYH, de Haan L, Nieman DH, Nordentoft M, Riecher-Rössler A, Verma S, Street R, Thompson A, Ruth Yung A, Nelson B, McGorry PD, Föcking M, Paul Amminger G, Cotter D. Machine learning based prediction and the influence of complement - Coagulation pathway proteins on clinical outcome: Results from the NEURAPRO trial. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 103:50-60. [PMID: 35341915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional outcomes are important measures in the overall clinical course of psychosis and individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR), however, prediction of functional outcome remains difficult based on clinical information alone. In the first part of this study, we evaluated whether a combination of biological and clinical variables could predict future functional outcome in CHR individuals. The complement and coagulation pathways have previously been identified as being of relevance to the pathophysiology of psychosis and have been found to contribute to the prediction of clinical outcome in CHR participants. Hence, in the second part we extended the analysis to evaluate specifically the relationship of complement and coagulation proteins with psychotic symptoms and functional outcome in CHR. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out plasma proteomics and measured plasma cytokine levels, and erythrocyte membrane fatty acid levels in a sub-sample (n = 158) from the NEURAPRO clinical trial at baseline and 6 months follow up. Functional outcome was measured using Social and Occupational Functional assessment Score (SOFAS) scale. Firstly, we used support vector machine learning techniques to develop predictive models for functional outcome at 12 months. Secondly, we developed linear regression models to understand the association between 6-month follow-up levels of complement and coagulation proteins with 6-month follow-up measures of positive symptoms summary (PSS) scores and functional outcome. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION A prediction model based on clinical and biological data including the plasma proteome, erythrocyte fatty acids and cytokines, poorly predicted functional outcome at 12 months follow-up in CHR participants. In linear regression models, four complement and coagulation proteins (coagulation protein X, Complement C1r subcomponent like protein, Complement C4A & Complement C5) indicated a significant association with functional outcome; and two proteins (coagulation factor IX and complement C5) positively associated with the PSS score. Our study does not provide support for the utility of cytokines, proteomic or fatty acid data for prediction of functional outcomes in individuals at high-risk for psychosis. However, the association of complement protein levels with clinical outcome suggests a role for the complement system and the activity of its related pathway in the functional impairment and positive symptom severity of CHR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash Raj Susai
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - David Mongan
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerard Cagney
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran Wynne
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jonah F Byrne
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Connie Markulev
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Miriam R Schäfer
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Maximus Berger
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nilufar Mossaheb
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Schlögelhofer
- BioPsyC-Biopsychosocial Corporation - Non-Profit Association for Research Funding, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Smesny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregor E Berger
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Service of the Canton of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Y H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien H Nieman
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Swapna Verma
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rebekah Street
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew Thompson
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Alison Ruth Yung
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Melanie Föcking
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Paul Amminger
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - David Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
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McBurney MI, Tintle NL, Harris WS. The omega-3 index is inversely associated with the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in adults'. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 177:102397. [PMID: 35033882 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a biomarker of systemic inflammation and measures innate-adaptive immune system balance. The omega-3-index (O3I) measures the amount of EPA+DHA in blood. Both a low O3I and an elevated NLR are associated with increased risk for chronic disease and mortality, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Hypothesizing that low O3I may partly contribute to systemic chronic inflammation, we asked if a relationship existed between O3I and NLR in healthy adults (≥18 y, n = 28,871, 51% female) without inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP) <3 mg/mL)] who underwent a routine clinical assessment. NLR was inversely associated with O3I before (p < 0.0001) and after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and CRP (p < 0.0001). Pearson correlations of other variables with NLR were r = 0.06 (CRP), r = 0.14 (age), and r = 0.01(BMI). In this healthy population, an O3I < 6.6% was associated with increasing NLR whereas NLR remained relatively constant (low) when O3I > 6.6%, suggestive of a quiescent, balanced immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I McBurney
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, United States of America; Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Division of Biochemical and Molecular Biology, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States of America.
| | - Nathan L Tintle
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, United States of America; Department of Population Health Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois - Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - William S Harris
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, United States of America; Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, United States of America
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Firouzabadi FD, Shab-Bidar S, Jayedi A. The effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation in pregnancy, lactation, and infancy: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized trials. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Susai SR, Mongan D, Healy C, Cannon M, Nelson B, Markulev C, Schäfer MR, Berger M, Mossaheb N, Schlögelhofer M, Smesny S, Hickie IB, Berger GE, Chen EYH, de Haan L, Nieman DH, Nordentoft M, Riecher-Rössler A, Verma S, Thompson A, Yung AR, McGorry PD, Föcking M, Cotter D, Amminger GP. The association of plasma inflammatory markers with omega-3 fatty acids and their mediating role in psychotic symptoms and functioning: An analysis of the NEURAPRO clinical trial. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 99:147-156. [PMID: 34624483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that dysregulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) mediated membrane function plays a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Even though preclinical findings have supported the anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 FAs on brain health, their biological roles as anti-inflammatory agents and their therapeutic role on clinical symptoms of psychosis risk are not well understood. In the current study, we investigated the relationship of erythrocyte omega-3 FAs with plasma immune markers in a clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) sample. In addition, a mediation analysis was performed to examine whether previously reported associations between omega-3 FAs and clinical outcomes were mediated via plasma immune markers. Clinical outcomes for CHR participants in the NEURAPRO clinical trial were measured using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Schedule for the Scale of Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) scales. The erythrocyte omega-3 index [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers were quantified at baseline (n = 268) and 6 month follow-up (n = 146) by gas chromatography and multiplex immunoassay, respectively. In linear regression models, the baseline plasma concentrations of Interleukin (IL)-15, Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and Vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 were negatively associated with baseline omega-3 index. In addition, 6-month change in IL-12p40 and TNF-α showed a negative association with change in omega-3 index. In longitudinal analyses, the baseline and 6 month change in omega-3 index was negatively associated with VCAM-1 and TNF-α respectively at follow-up. Mediation analyses provided little evidence for mediating effects of plasma immune markers on the relationship between omega-3 FAs and clinical outcomes (psychotic symptoms and functioning) in CHR participants. Our results indicate a predominantly anti-inflammatory relationship of omega-3 FAs on plasma inflammatory status in CHR individuals, but this did not appear to convey clinical benefits at 6 month and 12 month follow-up. Both immune and non-immune biological effects of omega-3 FAs would be resourceful in understanding the clinical benefits of omega-3 FAs in CHR papulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash Raj Susai
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - David Mongan
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Connie Markulev
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Miriam R Schäfer
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Maximus Berger
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Nilufar Mossaheb
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Schlögelhofer
- BioPsyC-Biopsychosocial Corporation - Non-Profit Association for Research Funding, Austria; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Smesny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregor E Berger
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Service of the Canton of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Y H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorien H Nieman
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Swapna Verma
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew Thompson
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Alison Ruth Yung
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia; Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Melanie Föcking
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - G Paul Amminger
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Story MJ. Essential sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D and magnesium for prevention and treatment of COVID-19, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases and cancer. Biochimie 2021; 187:94-109. [PMID: 34082041 PMCID: PMC8166046 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of a number of vaccines for COVID-19, there remains a need for prevention and treatment of the virus SARS-CoV-2 and the ensuing disease COVID-19. This report discusses the key elements of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 that can be readily treated: viral entry, the immune system and inflammation, and the cytokine storm. It is shown that the essential nutrients zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamin D and magnesium provide the ideal combination for prevention and treatment of COVID-19: prevention of SARS-CoV-2 entry to host cells, prevention of proliferation of SARS-CoV-2, inhibition of excessive inflammation, improved control of the regulation of the immune system, inhibition of the cytokine storm, and reduction in the effects of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and associated non-communicable diseases. It is emphasized that the non-communicable diseases associated with COVID-19 are inherently more prevalent in the elderly than the young, and that the maintenance of sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs, vitamin D and magnesium is essential for the elderly to prevent the occurrence of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases and cancer. Annual checking of levels of these essential nutrients is recommended for those over 65 years of age, together with appropriate adjustments in their intake, with these services and supplies being at government cost. The cost:benefit ratio would be huge as the cost of the nutrients and the testing of their levels would be very small compared with the cost savings of specialists and hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Story
- Story Pharmaceutics Pty Ltd, PO Box 6086, Linden Park, South Australia, 5065, Australia.
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Osburn SC, Roberson PA, Medler JA, Shake J, Arnold RD, Alamdari N, Bucci LR, Vance A, Sharafi M, Young KC, Roberts MD. Effects of 12-Week Multivitamin and Omega-3 Supplementation on Micronutrient Levels and Red Blood Cell Fatty Acids in Pre-menopausal Women. Front Nutr 2021; 8:610382. [PMID: 34327207 PMCID: PMC8313763 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.610382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to validate the efficacy of a customized vitamin-mineral supplement on blood biomarkers in pre-menopausal females. Women (21-40 years old) who were apparently healthy were recruited from the local community (ClinicalTrials.gov trial registration NCT03828097). Pretesting (PRE) occurred in the morning 5 ± 2 days following each participant's menses and involved a fasted blood draw, body mass assessment, and blood pressure assessment. Participants were then randomly assigned in a double-blinded fashion to either the multivitamins (MV) (n = 43) or placebo group (n = 51). Participants consumed two capsules per day with breakfast for 12 weeks. Following the trial, participants reported to the laboratory for POST assessments, which replicated PRE procedures. Red blood cell fatty acid and serum micronutrient analyses were performed in a blinded fashion at hematology laboratories. A group × time interaction was observed for serum vitamin D levels (p < 0.001). MV increased levels from PRE to POST (+43.7%, p < 0.001), whereas no change occurred in the placebo group. Additionally, 78% of MV participants at PRE exhibited inadequate vitamin D levels (<40 ng/dl), whereas only 30% exhibited levels below this threshold at POST. An interaction was also observed for serum folate levels (p < 0.001). MV increased serum folate from PRE to POST (p < 0.001), whereas no change occurred in the placebo group. Red blood cell omega-3 fatty acid content increased from PRE to POST in the MV group (p < 0.001) and placebo group (p < 0.05), although POST values were greater in the MV group (p < 0.001). An interaction was observed for serum HDL cholesterol levels (p = 0.047), and a non-significant increase in this variable from PRE to POST occurred in the MV group (p = 0.060). Four-day food recalls indicated MV increased intake of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, folate, and other micronutrients. In summary, MV supplementation increased serum vitamin D, serum folate, and red blood cell omega-3 fatty acid levels. However, these data are limited to healthy females, and more research is needed to examine if MV can affect metabolic disturbances in individuals with micronutrient deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby C Osburn
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Paul A Roberson
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Jessica A Medler
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Jacob Shake
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Robert D Arnold
- Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Kaelin C Young
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States
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Madison AA, Belury MA, Andridge R, Renna ME, Shrout MR, Malarkey WB, Lin J, Epel ES, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Omega-3 supplementation and stress reactivity of cellular aging biomarkers: an ancillary substudy of a randomized, controlled trial in midlife adults. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3034-3042. [PMID: 33875799 PMCID: PMC8510994 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Higher levels of omega-3 track with longer telomeres, lower inflammation, and blunted sympathetic and cardiovascular stress reactivity. Whether omega-3 supplementation alters the stress responsivity of telomerase, cortisol, and inflammation is unknown. This randomized, controlled trial examined the impact of omega-3 supplementation on cellular aging-related biomarkers following a laboratory speech stressor. In total, 138 sedentary, overweight, middle-aged participants (n = 93 women, n = 45 men) received either 2.5 g/d of omega-3, 1.25 g/d of omega-3, or a placebo for 4 months. Before and after the trial, participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test. Saliva and blood samples were collected once before and repeatedly after the stressor to measure salivary cortisol, telomerase in peripheral blood lymphocytes, and serum anti-inflammatory (interleukin-10; IL-10) and pro-inflammatory (interleukin-6; IL-6, interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha) cytokines. Adjusting for pre-supplementation reactivity, age, sagittal abdominal diameter, and sex, omega-3 supplementation altered telomerase (p = 0.05) and IL-10 (p = 0.05) stress reactivity; both supplementation groups were protected from the placebo group's 24% and 26% post-stress declines in the geometric means of telomerase and IL-10, respectively. Omega-3 also reduced overall cortisol (p = 0.03) and IL-6 (p = 0.03) throughout the stressor; the 2.5 g/d group had 19% and 33% lower overall cortisol levels and IL-6 geometric mean levels, respectively, compared to the placebo group. By lowering overall inflammation and cortisol levels during stress and boosting repair mechanisms during recovery, omega-3 may slow accelerated aging and reduce depression risk. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00385723.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise A. Madison
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine,Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University
| | - Martha A. Belury
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine,Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University
| | - Rebecca Andridge
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine,College of Public Health, The Ohio State University
| | - Megan E. Renna
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
| | - M. Rosie Shrout
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
| | - William B. Malarkey
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
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LC R, EM B, DB H, H S, AR P. A pilot randomized controlled trial testing supplements of omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics, combination or placebo on symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Duggan MR, Parikh V. Microglia and modifiable life factors: Potential contributions to cognitive resilience in aging. Behav Brain Res 2021; 405:113207. [PMID: 33640394 PMCID: PMC8005490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Given the increasing prevalence of age-related cognitive decline, it is relevant to consider the factors and mechanisms that might facilitate an individual's resiliency to such deficits. Growing evidence suggests a preeminent role of microglia, the prime mediator of innate immunity within the central nervous system. Human and animal investigations suggest aberrant microglial functioning and neuroinflammation are not only characteristic of the aged brain, but also might contribute to age-related dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. Conversely, accumulating data suggest that modifiable lifestyle factors (MLFs), such as healthy diet, exercise and cognitive engagement, can reliably afford cognitive benefits by potentially suppressing inflammation in the aging brain. The present review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the role for microglia in maintaining brain homeostasis and cognitive functioning in aging. Moreover, we propose an integrated, mechanistic model that postulates an individual's resiliency to cognitive decline afforded by MLFs might be mediated by the mitigation of aberrant microglia activation in aging, and subsequent suppression of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Duggan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, United States
| | - Vinay Parikh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, United States.
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David S, López-Vales R. Bioactive Lipid Mediators in the Initiation and Resolution of Inflammation after Spinal Cord Injury. Neuroscience 2021; 466:273-297. [PMID: 33951502 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a prominent feature of the response to CNS trauma. It is also an important hallmark of various neurodegenerative diseases in which inflammation contributes to the progression of pathology. Inflammation in the CNS can contribute to secondary damage and is therefore an excellent therapeutic target for a range of neurological conditions. Inflammation in the nervous system is complex and varies in its fine details in different conditions. It involves a wide variety of secreted factors such as chemokines and cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and different cell types that include resident cell of the CNS, as well as immune cells recruited from the peripheral circulation. Added to this complexity is the fact that some aspects of inflammation are beneficial, while other aspects can induce secondary damage in the acute, subacute and chronic phases. Understanding these aspects of the inflammatory profile is essential for developing effective therapies. Bioactive lipids constitute a large group of molecules that modulate the initiation and the resolution of inflammation. Dysregulation of these bioactive lipid pathways can lead to excessive acute inflammation, and failure to resolve this by specialized pro-resolution lipid mediators can lead to the development of chronic inflammation. The focus of this review is to discuss the effects of bioactive lipids in spinal cord trauma and their potential for therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel David
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, BRaIN Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada.
| | - Rubén López-Vales
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Inmunologia, Institut de Neurociències, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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Disentangling the Molecular Mechanisms of the Antidepressant Activity of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094393. [PMID: 33922396 PMCID: PMC8122828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorders (MDDs) are often associated with a deficiency in long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), as well as signs of low-grade inflammation. Epidemiological and dietary studies suggest that a high intake of fish, the major source of ω-3 PUFAs, is associated with lower rates of MDDs. Meta-analyses of randomized placebo-controlled ω-3 PUFAs intervention-trials suggest that primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but not docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is responsible for the proposed antidepressant effect. In this review, we dissect the current biological knowledge on EPA and DHA and their bioactive lipid metabolites to search for a pharmacological explanation of this, to date, unexplained clinical observation. Through enzymatic conversion by cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (ALOX), and cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase (CYP), EPA and DHA are metabolized to major anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators. In addition, both ω-3 PUFAs are precursors for endocannabinoids, with known effects on immunomodulation, neuroinflammation, food intake and mood. Finally, both ω-3 PUFAs are crucial for the structure and organization of membranes and lipid rafts. While most biological effects are shared by these two ω-3 PUFAs, some distinct features could be identified: (1) The preferential CYP monooxygenase pathway for EPA and EPA derived eicosanoids; (2) The high CB2 receptor affinities of EPA-derived EPEA and its epoxy-metabolite 17,18-EEQ-EA, while the DHA-derived endocannabinoids lack such receptor affinities; (3) The competition of EPA but not DHA with arachidonic acid (AA) for particular glycerophospholipids. EPA and AA are preferentially incorporated into phosphatidylinositols, while DHA is mainly incorporated into phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, -serine and -choline. We propose that these distinct features may explain the superior antidepressant activity of EPA rich ω-3 PUFAs and that these are potential novel targets for future antidepressant drugs.
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47
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Darwesh AM, Bassiouni W, Sosnowski DK, Seubert JM. Can N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids be considered a potential adjuvant therapy for COVID-19-associated cardiovascular complications? Pharmacol Ther 2021; 219:107703. [PMID: 33031856 PMCID: PMC7534795 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has currently led to a global pandemic with millions of confirmed and increasing cases around the world. The novel SARS-CoV-2 not only affects the lungs causing severe acute respiratory dysfunction but also leads to significant dysfunction in multiple organs and physiological systems including the cardiovascular system. A plethora of studies have shown the viral infection triggers an exaggerated immune response, hypercoagulation and oxidative stress, which contribute significantly to poor cardiovascular outcomes observed in COVID-19 patients. To date, there are no approved vaccines or therapies for COVID-19. Accordingly, cardiovascular protective and supportive therapies are urgent and necessary to the overall prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Accumulating literature has demonstrated the beneficial effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) toward the cardiovascular system, which include ameliorating uncontrolled inflammatory reactions, reduced oxidative stress and mitigating coagulopathy. Moreover, it has been demonstrated the n-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are precursors to a group of potent bioactive lipid mediators, generated endogenously, which mediate many of the beneficial effects attributed to their parent compounds. Considering the favorable safety profile for n-3 PUFAs and their metabolites, it is reasonable to consider n-3 PUFAs as potential adjuvant therapies for the clinical management of COVID-19 patients. In this article, we provide an overview of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications secondary to COVID-19 and focus on the mechanisms that may contribute to the likely benefits of n-3 PUFAs and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Darwesh
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Wesam Bassiouni
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Deanna K Sosnowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John M Seubert
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Dalle S, Van Roie E, Hiroux C, Vanmunster M, Coudyzer W, Suhr F, Bogaerts S, Van Thienen R, Koppo K. Omega-3 Supplementation Improves Isometric Strength But Not Muscle Anabolic and Catabolic Signaling in Response to Resistance Exercise in Healthy Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:406-414. [PMID: 33284965 PMCID: PMC7907485 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Old skeletal muscle exhibits decreased anabolic sensitivity, eventually contributing to muscle wasting. Besides anabolism, also muscle inflammation and catabolism are critical players in regulating the old skeletal muscle's sensitivity. Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3) are an interesting candidate to reverse anabolic insensitivity via anabolic actions. Yet, it remains unknown whether ω-3 also attenuates muscle inflammation and catabolism. The present study investigates the effect of ω-3 supplementation on muscle inflammation and metabolism (anabolism/catabolism) upon resistance exercise (RE). Twenty-three older adults (65-84 years; 8♀) were randomized to receive ω-3 (~3 g/d) or corn oil (placebo [PLAC]) and engaged in a 12-week RE program (3×/wk). Before and after intervention, muscle volume, strength, and systemic inflammation were assessed, and muscle biopsies were analyzed for markers of anabolism, catabolism, and inflammation. Isometric knee-extensor strength increased in ω-3 (+12.2%), but not in PLAC (-1.4%; pinteraction = .015), whereas leg press strength improved in both conditions (+27.1%; ptime < .001). RE, but not ω-3, decreased inflammatory (p65NF-κB) and catabolic (FOXO1, LC3b) markers, and improved muscle quality. Yet, muscle volume remained unaffected by RE and ω-3. Accordingly, muscle anabolism (mTORC1) and plasma C-reactive protein remained unchanged by RE and ω-3, whereas serum IL-6 tended to decrease in ω-3 (pinteraction = .07). These results show that, despite no changes in muscle volume, RE-induced gains in isometric strength can be further enhanced by ω-3. However, ω-3 did not improve RE-induced beneficial catabolic or inflammatory adaptations. Irrespective of muscle volume, gains in strength (primary criterion for sarcopenia) might be explained by changes in muscle quality due to muscle inflammatory or catabolic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan Dalle
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Van Roie
- Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Hiroux
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathias Vanmunster
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Walter Coudyzer
- Department of Morphology and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Radiology Section, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Suhr
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Bogaerts
- Locomotor and Neurological Disorders, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruud Van Thienen
- Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Koppo
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
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The Effect of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Capacity of Diet on Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Phenotype: Nutrition as Therapeutic Tool? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020157. [PMID: 33499118 PMCID: PMC7912156 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and increased oxidative stress are contributing factors to many non-communicable diseases. A growing body of evidence indicates that dietary nutrients can activate the immune system and may lead to the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Fatty acids as macronutrients are key players for immunomodulation, with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids having the most beneficial effect, while polyphenols and carotenoids seem to be the most promising antioxidants. Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease with multifactorial etiology. Obesity is a major risk factor for psoriasis, which leads to worse clinical outcomes. Weight loss interventions and, generally, dietary regimens such as gluten-free and Mediterranean diet or supplement use may potentially improve psoriasis’ natural course and response to therapy. However, data about more sophisticated nutritional patterns, such as ketogenic, very low-carb or specific macro- and micro-nutrient substitution, are scarce. This review aims to present the effect of strictly structured dietary nutrients, that are known to affect glucose/lipid metabolism and insulin responses, on chronic inflammation and immunity, and to discuss the utility of nutritional regimens as possible therapeutic tools for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
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Wu PY, Chen KM, Belcastro F. Dietary patterns and depression risk in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2020; 79:976-987. [PMID: 33236111 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Diet may be one of the modifiable environmental factors that could reduce depressive symptoms or abate the development of depression without side effects. However, previous reviews mainly focused on general adult populations. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the association between healthy dietary patterns and depression risk in older adults. DATA SOURCES Eight databases were searched up to September 2019. The inclusion criteria were older adults aged ≥ 65 years, healthy dietary patterns, depression assessed by a physician or by validated screening tools, and quantitative study design. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted independently by 2 researchers, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guideline was followed. DATA ANALYSIS Meta-analysis was conducted by calculating the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% CIs. A total of 18 eligible studies were meta-analyzed. Results showed that a healthy dietary pattern is associated with a reduced risk of depression in older adults (OR, 0.85; 95%CI, 0.78-0.92; P < 0.001). There was high heterogeneity (I2 = 64.9%; P < 0.001) among the studies. Subgroup analyses indicated that sample size and depression screening tools were the main sources of study heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS An inverse association between healthy dietary patterns and depression risk in older adults was found. However, the high heterogeneity among the studies should be considered. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD 42020169195.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Wu
- Center for Long-Term Care Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Min Chen
- Center for Long-Term Care Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,College of Nursing; and the Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Frank Belcastro
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Dubuque, Dubuque, Iowa, USA
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