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Chen LW, Mo HY, Shan CH, Chen X, Han C, Tao FB, Gao H. Health hazards of preconception phthalate exposure: A scoping review of epidemiology studies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 282:116763. [PMID: 39047367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
There is a close relationship between preconception health and maternal and child health outcomes, and the consequences may be passed down from generation to generation. In 2018, Lancet published three consecutive articles emphasizing the importance of the preconception period. Phthalic acid ester (PAE) exposure during this period may affect gametogenesis and epigenetic information in gametophytes, thereby affecting embryonic development and offspring health. Therefore, this article reviews the effects of parental preconception PAE exposure on reproductive/birth outcomes and offspring health, to provide new evidence on this topic. We searched Web of Science, MEDLINE (through PubMed), the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), ScienceDirect, and the VIP Journal Library from the date of database establishment to July 3, 2024. Finally, 12 articles were included. Three studies investigated the health hazards (effects on birth weight, abortion, etc.) of women's preconception PAE exposure. Nine studies involved both parents. Nine studies considered the impacts of PAE preconception exposure on reproductive/birth outcomes, focusing on birth weight, pregnancy loss, preterm birth, embryo quality, and placental weight. Three studies considered the impacts of preconception PAE exposure on offspring behavior. The results of this review suggested that parental preconception PAE exposure may have an impact on reproductive/birth outcomes and offspring behavior, including birth weight, child behavior, and dietary behavior. However, studies on the health hazards of preconception PAE exposure are relatively scarce, and the outcomes of current studies are varied. It is necessary to use systematic reviews to verify an accurate research question to provide recommendations for public health policy making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Hua-Yan Mo
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Chun-Han Shan
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Chen Han
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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Dugandzic R, Konstantelos N, Yu Y, Lavigne E, Srugo S, Lang JJ, Larsen K, Pollock T, Villeneuve P, Thomson EM, MacPherson M, Dales R, Cakmak S. Associations between paediatric obesity, chemical mixtures and environmental factors, in a national cross-sectional study of Canadian children. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13117. [PMID: 38872449 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whilst single chemical exposures are suspected to be obesogenic, the combined role of chemical mixtures in paediatric obesity is not well understood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the potential associations between chemical mixtures and obesity in a population-based sample of Canadian children. METHODS We ascertained biomonitoring and health data for children aged 3-11 from the cross-sectional Canadian Health Measures Survey from 2007 to 2019. Several chemicals of interest were measured in blood or urine and paediatric obesity was defined based on measured anthropometrics. Using quantile-based G computational analysis, we quantified the effects of three chemical mixtures selected a priori. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic and environmental factors identified through a directed acyclic graph. Results are presented through adjusted relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS We included 9147 children. Of these, 24.1% were overweight or obese. Exposure to the mixture of bisphenol A, acrylamide, glycidamide, metals, parabens and arsenic increased the risk of childhood overweight or obesity by 45% (95% CI 1.09, 1.93), obesity by 109% (95% CI 1.27, 3.42) and central obesity by 82% (95% CI 1.30, 2.56). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the role of early childhood chemical exposures in paediatric obesity and the potential combined effects of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Dugandzic
- Office of Environmental Health, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalia Konstantelos
- Office of Environmental Health, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yamei Yu
- Office of Environmental Health, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Lavigne
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sebastian Srugo
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin J Lang
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristian Larsen
- Office of Environmental Health, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler Pollock
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Villeneuve
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Errol M Thomson
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Robert Dales
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabit Cakmak
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Ozcagli E, Kubickova B, Jacobs MN. Addressing chemically-induced obesogenic metabolic disruption: selection of chemicals for in vitro human PPARα, PPARγ transactivation, and adipogenesis test methods. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1401120. [PMID: 39040675 PMCID: PMC11260640 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1401120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Whilst western diet and sedentary lifestyles heavily contribute to the global obesity epidemic, it is likely that chemical exposure may also contribute. A substantial body of literature implicates a variety of suspected environmental chemicals in metabolic disruption and obesogenic mechanisms. Chemically induced obesogenic metabolic disruption is not yet considered in regulatory testing paradigms or regulations, but this is an internationally recognised human health regulatory development need. An early step in the development of relevant regulatory test methods is to derive appropriate minimum chemical selection lists for the target endpoint and its key mechanisms, such that the test method can be suitably optimised and validated. Independently collated and reviewed reference and proficiency chemicals relevant for the regulatory chemical universe that they are intended to serve, assist regulatory test method development and validation, particularly in relation to the OECD Test Guidelines Programme. To address obesogenic mechanisms and modes of action for chemical hazard assessment, key initiating mechanisms include molecular-level Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) α and γ agonism and the tissue/organ-level key event of perturbation of the adipogenesis process that may lead to excess white adipose tissue. Here we present a critical literature review, analysis and evaluation of chemicals suitable for the development, optimisation and validation of human PPARα and PPARγ agonism and human white adipose tissue adipogenesis test methods. The chemical lists have been derived with consideration of essential criteria needed for understanding the strengths and limitations of the test methods. With a weight of evidence approach, this has been combined with practical and applied aspects required for the integration and combination of relevant candidate test methods into test batteries, as part of an Integrated Approach to Testing and Assessment for metabolic disruption. The proposed proficiency and reference chemical list includes a long list of negatives and positives (20 chemicals for PPARα, 21 for PPARγ, and 11 for adipogenesis) from which a (pre-)validation proficiency chemicals list has been derived.
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Singh M, Crosthwait J, Sorisky A, Atlas E. Tetra methyl bisphenol F: another potential obesogen. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:923-933. [PMID: 38388800 PMCID: PMC11216980 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity and its associated metabolic diseases are increasing globally. Sedentary lifestyle, high caloric diet, and genetic predisposition are known to contribute to the onset of obesity. It is increasingly recognized that exposure to environmental chemicals such as Bisphenol A (BPA) may also play a significant role. BPA has been correlated with an array of adverse health effects, including obesity and metabolic disorders. Due to public concern, manufacturers are replacing BPA with structural analogues for which there is limited toxicological data. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of these BPA analogues on adipogenesis. METHODS The adipogenic effects of Tetra Methyl Bisphenol F (TMBPF), Bisphenol F (BPF), Bisphenol AP (BPAP), and fluorine-9-bisphenol (BHPF) were evaluated in murine 3T3-L1 cells. The cells were treated with BPA and its analogues at concentrations from 0.01 µM to 20 µM, throughout differentiation, in the absence of Dexamethasone (Dex). Lipid accumulation, mRNA and protein levels of adipogenic markers was assessed. RESULTS We found that TMBPF, BPF and BPA increased 3T3-L1 lipid accumulation and the expression levels of adipogenic markers lipoprotein lipase (Lpl), fatty acid binding protein 4 (Fabp4) and perilipin (Plin) (1-20 µM; p < 0.05), whereas BHPF and BPAP had no effect in this model. Further, TMBPF induced adipogenesis to a greater extent than all the other chemicals including BPA (1-20 µM; p < 0.05). The effect mediated by TMBPF on expression levels of Fabp4, but not Plin, is likely mediated via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ activation. CONCLUSIONS Of the BPA analogues tested, BPF was most similar to BPA in its effects, while TMBPF was most adipogenic. In addition, TMBPF is likely a PPARγ agonist, it is likely an obesogenic chemical and may be a metabolic disruptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misha Singh
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau (EHSRB), Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosthwait
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau (EHSRB), Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Alexander Sorisky
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ella Atlas
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau (EHSRB), Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Bennett KA, Sutherland C, Savage AL. A systematic review and meta-analysis of environmental contaminant exposure impacts on weight loss and glucose regulation during calorie-restricted diets in preclinical studies: Persistent organic pollutants may impede glycemic control. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116300. [PMID: 38782075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence links chemical exposure with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk and prevalence. Chemical exposure may therefore also limit success of weight loss or restoration of glycemic control during calorie restricted diets. Few human studies examine this hypothesis. This systematic review and clustered meta-analysis examines preclinical evidence that exposure to anthropogenic environmental contaminants impedes weight loss and resumption of glycemic control during calorie restriction. Of five eligible papers from 212 unique citations, four used C57BL/6 mice and one used Sprague Dawley rats. In four the animals received high fat diets to induce obesity and impaired glycemic control. All examined persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 77 exposure did not affect final mass (standardised mean difference (SMD) = -0.35 [-1.09, 0.39]; n = 5 (experiments); n = 3 (papers)), or response to insulin in insulin tolerance tests (SMD = -1.54 [-3.25, 0.16] n = 3 (experiments); n = 2 (papers)), but impaired glucose control in glucose tolerance tests (SMD = -1.30 [-1.96, -0.63]; n = 6 (experiments); n = 3 (papers)). The impaired glycemic control following perfluoro-octane sulphonic acid (PFOS) exposure and enhanced mass loss following dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exposure have not been replicated. Animal studies thus suggest some chemical groups, especially PCB and PFOS, could impair glucose control management during calorie restriction, similar to conclusions from limited existing clinical studies. We discuss the research that is urgently required to inform weight management services that are now the mainstay prevention initiative for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Bennett
- Division of Health Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Kydd Building, Abertay University, Dundee, DD1 1HG.
| | | | - A L Savage
- Division of Health Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Kydd Building, Abertay University, Dundee, DD1 1HG
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Howell GE, Young D. Effects of an environmentally relevant mixture of organochlorine pesticide compounds on adipogenesis and adipocyte function in an immortalized human adipocyte model. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 98:105831. [PMID: 38648980 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including organochlorine (OC) pesticide POPs, has been associated with the increased prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms through which exposure to these compounds may promote obesity and metabolic dysfunction remain an area of active investigation. To this end, the concentration dependent effects of an environmentally relevant mixture of OC pesticide POPs on adipocyte function was explored utilizing a translationally relevant immortalized human subcutaneous preadipocyte/adipocyte model. Briefly, immortalized human preadipocytes/adipocytes were exposed to a mixture of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), trans-nonachlor, and oxychlordane (DTO) then key indices of preadipocyte/adipocyte function were assessed. Exposure to DTO did not alter adipogenesis. However, in mature adipocytes, exposure to DTO slightly increased fatty acid uptake whereas isoproterenol stimulated lipolysis, basal and insulin stimulated glucose uptake, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cellular ATP levels were all significantly decreased. DTO significantly increased Staphylococcus aureus infection induced increases in expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and Mcp-1 as well as the adipokine resistin. Taken together, the present data demonstrated exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of OC pesticide compounds can alter mature adipocyte function in a translationally relevant human adipocyte model which further supports the adipose tissue as an effector site of OC pesticide POPs action.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Howell
- Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS, USA.
| | - Darian Young
- Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
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Hunt KJ, Ferguson PL, Bloom MS, Neelon B, Pearce J, Commodore S, Newman RB, Roberts JR, Bain L, Baldwin W, Grobman WA, Sciscione AC, Tita AT, Nageotte MP, Palomares K, Skupski DW, Zhang C, Wapner R, Vena JE. Phthalate and phthalate replacement concentrations in relationship to adiposity in a multi-racial cohort of children. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41366-024-01548-w. [PMID: 38824227 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01548-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Phthalates and phthalate replacements are used in multiple everyday products, making many of them bioavailable to children. Experimental studies suggest that phthalates and their replacements may be obesogenic, however, epidemiologic studies remain inconsistent. Therefore, our objective was to examine the association between phthalates, phthalate replacements and childhood adiposity/obesity markers in children. SUBJECTS/METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 630 racial/ethnically diverse children ages 4-8 years. Urinary oxidative metabolites of DINCH and DEHTP, three low molecular weight (LMW) phthalates, and eleven high molecular weight (HMW) phthalates were measured. Weight, height, waist circumference and % body fat were measured. Composite molar sum groups (nmol/ml) were natural log-transformed. Linear regression models adjusted for urine specific gravity, sex, age, race-ethnicity, birthweight, breastfeeding, reported activity level, mother's education and pre-pregnancy BMI. RESULTS All children had LMW and HMW phthalate metabolites and 88% had DINCH levels above the limit of detection. One unit higher in the log of DINCH was associated with 0.106 units lower BMI z-score [β = -0.106 (95% CI: -0.181, -0.031)], 0.119 units lower waist circumference z-score [β = -0.119 (95% CI: -0.189, -0.050)], and 0.012 units lower percent body fat [β = -0.012 (95% CI: -0.019, -0.005)]. LMW and HMW group values were not associated with adiposity/obesity. CONCLUSIONS We report an inverse association between child urinary DINCH levels, a non-phthalate plasticizer that has replaced DEHP in several applications, and BMI z-score, waist circumference z-score and % body fat in children. Few prior studies of phthalates and their replacements in children have been conducted in diverse populations. Moreover, DINCH has not received a great deal of attention or regulation, but it is a common exposure. In summary, understanding the ubiquitous nature of these chemical exposures and ultimately their sources will contribute to our understanding of their relationship with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Hunt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Pamela L Ferguson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Brian Neelon
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - John Pearce
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sarah Commodore
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Roger B Newman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - James R Roberts
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lisa Bain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson, SC, USA
| | | | - William A Grobman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anthony C Sciscione
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Alan T Tita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Women's Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael P Nageotte
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Kristy Palomares
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel W Skupski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Global Center for Asian Women's Health and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ronald Wapner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John E Vena
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Brewerton TD, Dennis K, Wiss DA. Dismantling the myth of "all foods fit" in eating disorder treatment. J Eat Disord 2024; 12:60. [PMID: 38760858 PMCID: PMC11102136 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-024-01017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
We call for a reevaluation of the long-standing dogmatic nutritional principle that "all foods fit" for all cases of eating disorders (EDs) and its corollary, "there are no bad foods" (for anyone ever) during ED treatment. Based on accumulated scientific research, we challenge these ideologies as outdated, confusing, and potentially harmful to many patients. We review the evidence that indicates the folly of these assumptions and show there are a variety of exceptions to these rules, including (1) food allergies, sensitivities, and intolerances, (2) religious and spiritual preferences or doctrines, and (3) the ubiquitous emergence and widespread availability of ultra-processed foods leading to the potential development of addiction-like eating and a higher prevalence of various medical and psychiatric comorbidities, as well as higher mortality. This evidence supports a nutritional psychiatry approach that should be integrated into (rather than dissociated from) ED treatment research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Brewerton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Kim Dennis
- SunCloud Health, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Bozdag D, van Voorthuizen J, Korpel N, Lentz S, Gurer-Orhan H, Kamstra JH. Dysregulation of adipogenesis and disrupted lipid metabolism by the antidepressants citalopram and sertraline. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 486:116937. [PMID: 38643950 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used medications for the treatment of major depressive disorder. However, long-term SSRI use has been associated with weight gain and altered lipid profiles. These findings suggest that SSRIs may have negative effects on metabolism. Exposure to certain chemicals called 'obesogens' is known to promote lipid accumulation and obesity by modulating adipogenesis. Here, we investigated whether citalopram (CIT) and sertraline (SER) interfere with the process of adipogenesis, using human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a 2D and a 3D model. Assessment of intracellular lipid accumulation by fluorescence staining was used as a measure for enhanced adipogenesis. To explore possible mechanisms behind SSRIs' effects, receptor mediated activity was studied using responsive cell lines for various nuclear receptors. Furthermore, RNA sequencing was performed in the 3D model, followed by differential gene expression and pathway analysis. A dose dependent increase in lipid accumulation was observed in both models with CIT and SER. For the 3D model, the effect was seen in a range close to reported steady-state plasma concentrations (0.065-0.65 μM for SER and 0.12-0.92 μM for CIT). Pathway analysis revealed unexpected results of downregulation in adipogenesis-related pathways and upregulation in phospholipids and lysosomal pathways. This was confirmed by an observed increase in lysosomes in the 2D model. Our findings suggest lysosomal dysfunction and disrupted lipid metabolism in mature adipocytes, leading to excessive phospholipid synthesis. Moreover, important adipogenic processes are inhibited, potentially leading to dysfunctional adipocytes, which might have implications in the maintenance of a healthy metabolic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Bozdag
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Jeroen van Voorthuizen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nikita Korpel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Lentz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hande Gurer-Orhan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Jorke H Kamstra
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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10
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Donovan CM, McNulty B. Living with obesity in Ireland: determinants, policy and future perspectives. Proc Nutr Soc 2024; 83:82-94. [PMID: 38047397 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123004780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the prevalence of those living with obesity (≥30 kg/m2) is rising, with this trend expected to continue if firm and decisive policy interventions are not introduced. Across Europe, despite many consecutive policies aiming to reverse rising trends in weight status over recent decades, no country is currently on track to halt and reverse current trends in the coming years. This is evident in Ireland too, whereby the reporting of nationally representative weight status data show that targets have not been achieved since reporting began. The aim of this review is to critically appraise recent evidence relating to the key determinants of obesity including weight status, diet quality and physical activity with an emphasis on socioeconomic inequalities. And to consider these in the context of respective policy measures and propose future-focused recommendations. Furthermore, as with the complex nature of obesity, multifaceted approaches that shift the focus from the individual and place responsibility at a societal level will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Donovan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - B McNulty
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Güil-Oumrait N, Stratakis N, Maitre L, Anguita-Ruiz A, Urquiza J, Fabbri L, Basagaña X, Heude B, Haug LS, Sakhi AK, Iszatt N, Keun HC, Wright J, Chatzi L, Vafeiadi M, Bustamante M, Grazuleviciene R, Andrušaitytė S, Slama R, McEachan R, Casas M, Vrijheid M. Prenatal Exposure to Chemical Mixtures and Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Children. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2412040. [PMID: 38780942 PMCID: PMC11117089 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Prenatal exposure to ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children, but few studies have studied chemical mixtures or explored underlying protein and metabolic signatures. Objective To investigate associations of prenatal exposure to EDC mixtures with MetS risk score in children and identify associated proteins and metabolites. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based, birth cohort study used data collected between April 1, 2003, and February 26, 2016, from the Human Early Life Exposome cohort based in France, Greece, Lithuania, Norway, Spain, and the UK. Eligible participants included mother-child pairs with measured prenatal EDC exposures and complete data on childhood MetS risk factors, proteins, and metabolites. Data were analyzed between October 2022 and July 2023. Exposures Nine metals, 3 organochlorine pesticides, 5 polychlorinated biphenyls, 2 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 5 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), 10 phthalate metabolites, 3 phenols, 4 parabens, and 4 organophosphate pesticide metabolites measured in urine and blood samples collected during pregnancy. Main Outcomes and Measures At 6 to 11 years of age, a composite MetS risk score was constructed using z scores of waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin levels. Childhood levels of 44 urinary metabolites, 177 serum metabolites, and 35 plasma proteins were quantified using targeted methods. Associations were assessed using bayesian weighted quantile sum regressions applied to mixtures for each chemical group. Results The study included 1134 mothers (mean [SD] age at birth, 30.7 [4.9] years) and their children (mean [SD] age, 7.8 [1.5] years; 617 male children [54.4%] and 517 female children [45.6%]; mean [SD] MetS risk score, -0.1 [2.3]). MetS score increased per 1-quartile increase of the mixture for metals (β = 0.44; 95% credible interval [CrI], 0.30 to 0.59), organochlorine pesticides (β = 0.22; 95% CrI, 0.15 to 0.29), PBDEs (β = 0.17; 95% CrI, 0.06 to 0.27), and PFAS (β = 0.19; 95% CrI, 0.14 to 0.24). High-molecular weight phthalate mixtures (β = -0.07; 95% CrI, -0.10 to -0.04) and low-molecular weight phthalate mixtures (β = -0.13; 95% CrI, -0.18 to -0.08) were associated with a decreased MetS score. Most EDC mixtures were associated with elevated proinflammatory proteins, amino acids, and altered glycerophospholipids, which in turn were associated with increased MetS score. Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study suggests that prenatal exposure to EDC mixtures may be associated with adverse metabolic health in children. Given the pervasive nature of EDCs and the increase in MetS, these findings hold substantial public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Güil-Oumrait
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nikos Stratakis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Léa Maitre
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Augusto Anguita-Ruiz
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Urquiza
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Fabbri
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Line Småstuen Haug
- Department of Food Safety, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amrit Kaur Sakhi
- Department of Food Safety, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Iszatt
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hector C. Keun
- Cancer Metabolism & Systems Toxicology Group, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Andrušaitytė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rémy Slama
- Department of Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB; INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309), Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Rosemary McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Maribel Casas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Ouidir M, Cissé AH, Botton J, Lyon-Caen S, Thomsen C, Sakhi AK, Sabaredzovic A, Bayat S, Slama R, Heude B, Philippat C. Fetal and Infancy Exposure to Phenols, Parabens, and Phthalates and Anthropometric Measurements up to 36 Months, in the Longitudinal SEPAGES Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:57002. [PMID: 38728218 PMCID: PMC11086749 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine-disrupting chemicals may play a role in adiposity development during childhood. Until now literature in this scope suffers from methodologic limitations in exposure assessment using one or few urine samples and missing assessment during the infancy period. OBJECTIVES We investigated the associations between early-life exposure to quickly metabolized chemicals and post-natal growth, relying on repeated within-subject urine collections over pregnancy and infancy. METHODS We studied the associations of four phenols, four parabens, seven phthalates, and one nonphthalate plasticizer from weekly pooled urine samples collected from the mother during second and third trimesters (median 18 and 34 gestational weeks, respectively) and infant at 2 and 12 months of age, and child growth until 36 months. We relied on repeated measures of height, weight and head circumference from study visits and the child health booklet to predict growth outcomes at 3 and 36 months using the Jenss-Bayley nonlinear mixed model. We assessed associations with individual chemicals using adjusted linear regression and mixtures of chemicals using a Bayesian kernel machine regression model. RESULTS The unipollutant analysis revealed few associations. Bisphenol S (BPS) at second trimester was positively associated with all infant growth parameters at 3 and 36 months, with similar patterns between exposure at third trimester and all infant growth parameters at 3 months. Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) at 12 months was positively associated with body mass index (BMI), weight, and head circumference at 36 months. Mixture analysis revealed positive associations between exposure at 12 months and BMI and weight at 36 months, with MnBP showing the highest effect size within the mixture. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that exposure in early infancy may be associated with increased weight and BMI in early childhood, which are risk factors of obesity in later life. Furthermore, this study highlighted the impact of BPS, a compound replacing bisphenol A, which has never been studied in this context. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13644.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Ouidir
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U-1209, CNRS-UMR-5309, Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health Team, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Aminata H. Cissé
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Botton
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Sarah Lyon-Caen
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U-1209, CNRS-UMR-5309, Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health Team, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | - Sam Bayat
- Department of Pulmonology and Physiology, Grenoble University Hospital, La Tronche, France
- Synchrotron Radiation for Biomedicine Laboratory (STROBE), Inserm UA07, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Rémy Slama
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U-1209, CNRS-UMR-5309, Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health Team, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Claire Philippat
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U-1209, CNRS-UMR-5309, Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health Team, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
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13
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Chiang YTT, Kassotis CD. Molecular Assessment of Proadipogenic Effects for Common-Use Contraceptives and Their Mixtures. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae050. [PMID: 38648498 PMCID: PMC11081078 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Hormonal contraceptives are widely prescribed due to their effectiveness and convenience and have become an integral part of family planning strategies worldwide. In the United States, approximately 65% of reproductive-aged women are estimated to be using contraceptive options, with approximately 33% using one or a combination of hormonal contraceptives. While these methods have undeniably contributed to improved reproductive health, recent studies have raised concerns regarding their potential effect on metabolic health. Despite widespread anecdotal reports, epidemiological research has been mixed as to whether hormonal contraceptives contribute to metabolic health effects. As such, the goals of this study were to assess the adipogenic activity of common hormonal contraceptive chemicals and their mixtures. Five different models of adipogenesis were used to provide a rigorous assessment of metabolism-disrupting effects. Interestingly, every individual contraceptive (both estrogens and progestins) and each mixture promoted significant adipogenesis (eg, triglyceride accumulation and/or preadipocyte proliferation). These effects appeared to be mediated in part through estrogen receptor signaling, particularly for the contraceptive mixtures, as cotreatment with fulvestrant acted to inhibit contraceptive-mediated proadipogenic effects on triglyceride accumulation. In conclusion, this research provides valuable insights into the complex interactions between hormonal contraceptives and adipocyte development. The results suggest that both progestins and estrogens within these contraceptives can influence adipogenesis, and the specific effects may vary based on the receptor disruption profiles. Further research is warranted to establish translation of these findings to in vivo models and to further assess causal mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Tiffany Chiang
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Christopher D Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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14
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vom Saal FS, Antoniou M, Belcher SM, Bergman A, Bhandari RK, Birnbaum LS, Cohen A, Collins TJ, Demeneix B, Fine AM, Flaws JA, Gayrard V, Goodson WH, Gore AC, Heindel JJ, Hunt PA, Iguchi T, Kassotis CD, Kortenkamp A, Mesnage R, Muncke J, Myers JP, Nadal A, Newbold RR, Padmanabhan V, Palanza P, Palma Z, Parmigiani S, Patrick L, Prins GS, Rosenfeld CS, Skakkebaek NE, Sonnenschein C, Soto AM, Swan SH, Taylor JA, Toutain PL, von Hippel FA, Welshons WV, Zalko D, Zoeller RT. The Conflict between Regulatory Agencies over the 20,000-Fold Lowering of the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) for Bisphenol A (BPA) by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:45001. [PMID: 38592230 PMCID: PMC11003459 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommended lowering their estimated tolerable daily intake (TDI) for bisphenol A (BPA) 20,000-fold to 0.2 ng / kg body weight ( BW ) / day . BPA is an extensively studied high production volume endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) associated with a vast array of diseases. Prior risk assessments of BPA by EFSA as well as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have relied on industry-funded studies conducted under good laboratory practice protocols (GLP) requiring guideline end points and detailed record keeping, while also claiming to examine (but rejecting) thousands of published findings by academic scientists. Guideline protocols initially formalized in the mid-twentieth century are still used by many regulatory agencies. EFSA used a 21st century approach in its reassessment of BPA and conducted a transparent, but time-limited, systematic review that included both guideline and academic research. The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) opposed EFSA's revision of the TDI for BPA. OBJECTIVES We identify the flaws in the assumptions that the German BfR, as well as the FDA, have used to justify maintaining the TDI for BPA at levels above what a vast amount of academic research shows to cause harm. We argue that regulatory agencies need to incorporate 21st century science into chemical hazard identifications using the CLARITY-BPA (Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on BPA Toxicity) nonguideline academic studies in a collaborative government-academic program model. DISCUSSION We strongly endorse EFSA's revised TDI for BPA and support the European Commission's (EC) apparent acceptance of this updated BPA risk assessment. We discuss challenges to current chemical risk assessment assumptions about EDCs that need to be addressed by regulatory agencies to, in our opinion, become truly protective of public health. Addressing these challenges will hopefully result in BPA, and eventually other structurally similar bisphenols (called regrettable substitutions) for which there are known adverse effects, being eliminated from all food-related and many other uses in the EU and elsewhere. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13812.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick S. vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael Antoniou
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Scott M. Belcher
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ake Bergman
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ramji K. Bhandari
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Linda S. Birnbaum
- Scientist Emeritus and Former Director, National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Scholar in Residence, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aly Cohen
- Integrative Rheumatology Associates, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Terrence J. Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- Comparative Physiology Laboratory, Natural History Museum, Paris, France
| | - Anne Marie Fine
- Environmental Medicine Education International, Mancos, Colorado, USA
| | - Jodi A. Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana—Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Veronique Gayrard
- ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - William H. Goodson
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrea C. Gore
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jerrold J. Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patricia A. Hunt
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Christopher D. Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Robin Mesnage
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jane Muncke
- Food Packaging Forum Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Angel Nadal
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and CIBERDEM, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Retha R. Newbold
- Scientist Emeritus, NTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paola Palanza
- Unit of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Parmigiani
- Unit of Evolutionary and Functional Biology, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Lyn Patrick
- Environmental Medicine Education International, Mancos, Colorado, USA
| | - Gail S. Prins
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cheryl S. Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences, Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- MU Institute of Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Niels E. Skakkebaek
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlos Sonnenschein
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana M. Soto
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shanna H. Swan
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julia A. Taylor
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Pierre-Louis Toutain
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
- NTHERES, INRAE, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Frank A. von Hippel
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Wade V. Welshons
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel Zalko
- ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - R. Thomas Zoeller
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Heindel JJ, Lustig RH, Howard S, Corkey BE. Obesogens: a unifying theory for the global rise in obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:449-460. [PMID: 38212644 PMCID: PMC10978495 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Despite varied treatment, mitigation, and prevention efforts, the global prevalence and severity of obesity continue to worsen. Here we propose a combined model of obesity, a unifying paradigm that links four general models: the energy balance model (EBM), based on calories as the driver of weight gain; the carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM), based on insulin as a driver of energy storage; the oxidation-reduction model (REDOX), based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a driver of altered metabolic signaling; and the obesogens model (OBS), which proposes that environmental chemicals interfere with hormonal signaling leading to adiposity. We propose a combined OBS/REDOX model in which environmental chemicals (in air, food, food packaging, and household products) generate false autocrine and endocrine metabolic signals, including ROS, that subvert standard regulatory energy mechanisms, increase basal and stimulated insulin secretion, disrupt energy efficiency, and influence appetite and energy expenditure leading to weight gain. This combined model incorporates the data supporting the EBM and CIM models, thus creating one integrated model that covers significant aspects of all the mechanisms potentially contributing to the obesity pandemic. Importantly, the OBS/REDOX model provides a rationale and approach for future preventative efforts based on environmental chemical exposure reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies (HEEDS), Bozeman, MT, 59715, USA.
| | - Robert H Lustig
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies (HEEDS), Bozeman, MT, 59715, USA
| | - Barbara E Corkey
- Department of Medicine, Boston University, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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16
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Leader J, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Williams PL, Ford JB, Dadd R, Chagnon O, Oken E, Calafat AM, Hauser R, Braun JM. Associations of parental preconception and maternal pregnancy urinary phthalate biomarker and bisphenol-a concentrations with child eating behaviors. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 257:114334. [PMID: 38350281 PMCID: PMC10939723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating behaviors are controlled by the neuroendocrine system. Whether endocrine disrupting chemicals have the potential to affect eating behaviors has not been widely studied in humans. We investigated whether maternal and paternal preconception and maternal pregnancy urinary phthalate biomarker and bisphenol-A (BPA) concentrations were associated with children's eating behaviors. METHODS We used data from mother-father-child triads in the Preconception Environmental exposure And Childhood health Effects (PEACE) Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study of children aged 6-13 years whose parent(s) previously enrolled in a fertility clinic-based prospective preconception study. We quantified urinary concentrations of 11 phthalate metabolites and BPA in parents' urine samples collected preconceptionally and during pregnancy. Parents rated children's eating behavior using the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). Using multivariable linear regression, accounting for correlation among twins, we estimated covariate-adjusted associations of urinary phthalate biomarkers and BPA concentrations with CEBQ subscale scores. RESULTS This analysis included 195 children (30 sets of twins), 160 mothers and 97 fathers; children were predominantly non-Hispanic white (84%) and 53% were male. Paternal and maternal preconception monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) concentrations and maternal preconception mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) were positively associated with emotional overeating, food responsiveness, and desire to drink scores in children (β's= 0.11 [95% CI: 0.01, 0.20]-0.21 [95% CI: 0.10, 0.31] per loge unit increase in phthalate biomarker concentration). Paternal preconception BPA concentrations were inversely associated with scores on food approaching scales. Maternal pregnancy MnBP, mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) and MBzP concentrations were associated with increased emotional undereating scores. Maternal pregnancy monocarboxy-isononyl phthalate concentrations were related to decreased food avoiding subscale scores. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, higher maternal and paternal preconception urinary concentrations of some phthalate biomarkers were associated with increased food approaching behavior scores and decreased food avoiding behavior scores, which could lead to increased adiposity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Leader
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
| | - Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Brigham and Women's Hospital, USA
| | - Paige L Williams
- Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Jennifer B Ford
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Ramace Dadd
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Olivia Chagnon
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
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17
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Zhao J, Adiele N, Gomes D, Malovichko M, Conklin DJ, Ekuban A, Luo J, Gripshover T, Watson WH, Banerjee M, Smith ML, Rouchka EC, Xu R, Zhang X, Gondim DD, Cave MC, O’Toole TE. Obesogenic polystyrene microplastic exposures disrupt the gut-liver-adipose axis. Toxicol Sci 2024; 198:210-220. [PMID: 38291899 PMCID: PMC10964747 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) derived from the weathering of polymers, or synthesized in this size range, have become widespread environmental contaminants and have found their way into water supplies and the food chain. Despite this awareness, little is known about the health consequences of MP ingestion. We have previously shown that the consumption of polystyrene (PS) beads was associated with intestinal dysbiosis and diabetes and obesity in mice. To further evaluate the systemic metabolic effects of PS on the gut-liver-adipose tissue axis, we supplied C57BL/6J mice with normal water or that containing 2 sizes of PS beads (0.5 and 5 µm) at a concentration of 1 µg/ml. After 13 weeks, we evaluated indices of metabolism and liver function. As observed previously, mice drinking the PS-containing water had a potentiated weight gain and adipose expansion. Here we found that this was associated with an increased abundance of adipose F4/80+ macrophages. These exposures did not cause nonalcoholic fatty liver disease but were associated with decreased liver:body weight ratios and an enrichment in hepatic farnesoid X receptor and liver X receptor signaling. PS also increased hepatic cholesterol and altered both hepatic and cecal bile acids. Mice consuming PS beads and treated with the berry anthocyanin, delphinidin, demonstrated an attenuated weight gain compared with those mice receiving a control intervention and also exhibited a downregulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways. This study highlights the obesogenic role of PS in perturbing the gut-liver-adipose axis and altering nuclear receptor signaling and intermediary metabolism. Dietary interventions may limit the adverse metabolic effects of PS consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Ngozi Adiele
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Daniel Gomes
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Marina Malovichko
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Abigail Ekuban
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Jianzhu Luo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Tyler Gripshover
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Walter H Watson
- The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Mayukh Banerjee
- The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Melissa L Smith
- The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- KY INBRE Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Raobo Xu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
- Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
- Division of Analytic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
- The Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Dibson D Gondim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Matthew C Cave
- The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
| | - Timothy E O’Toole
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
- The Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
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18
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Stevens S, McPartland M, Bartosova Z, Skåland HS, Völker J, Wagner M. Plastic Food Packaging from Five Countries Contains Endocrine- and Metabolism-Disrupting Chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4859-4871. [PMID: 38441001 PMCID: PMC10956434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Plastics are complex chemical mixtures of polymers and various intentionally and nonintentionally added substances. Despite the well-established links between certain plastic chemicals (bisphenols and phthalates) and adverse health effects, the composition and toxicity of real-world mixtures of plastic chemicals are not well understood. To assess both, we analyzed the chemicals from 36 plastic food contact articles from five countries using nontarget high-resolution mass spectrometry and reporter-gene assays for four nuclear receptors that represent key components of the endocrine and metabolic system. We found that chemicals activating the pregnane X receptor (PXR), peroxisome proliferator receptor γ (PPARγ), estrogen receptor α (ERα), and inhibiting the androgen receptor (AR) are prevalent in plastic packaging. We detected up to 9936 chemical features in a single product and found that each product had a rather unique chemical fingerprint. To tackle this chemical complexity, we used stepwise partial least-squares regressions and prioritized and tentatively identified the chemical features associated with receptor activity. Our findings demonstrate that most plastic food packaging contains endocrine- and metabolism-disrupting chemicals. Since samples with fewer chemical features induce less toxicity, chemical simplification is key to producing safer plastic packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stevens
- Department
of Biology, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Molly McPartland
- Department
of Biology, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Zdenka Bartosova
- Department
of Biology, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanna Sofie Skåland
- Department
of Biology, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johannes Völker
- Department
of Biology, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department
of Biology, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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19
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Nogueira-de-Almeida CA, Weffort VRS, Ued FDV, Ferraz IS, Contini AA, Martinez EZ, Ciampo LAD. What causes obesity in children and adolescents? J Pediatr (Rio J) 2024; 100 Suppl 1:S48-S56. [PMID: 37918812 PMCID: PMC10960191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present the different aspects that may be involved in the genesis and maintenance of obesity in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCE Narrative review of articles published in the PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, using the search terms: overweight, obesity, pre-conception, prenatal, infants, schoolchildren, children, and adolescents. The search was conducted in studies written in Portuguese, English and Spanish, including narrative, integrative or systematic reviews, meta-analyses, cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies, published between 2003 and 2023. DATA SYNTHESIS A total of 598 studies were initially screened and 60 of them, which showed the main biopsychosocial aspects related to greater risks of excessive adiposity in the pediatric age, were included in the review. The data were presented taking into account the incidence of risk factors and their consequences in six periods: pre-conception, pre-natal, infant, preschool, school age, and adolescence. CONCLUSIONS The causal factors described in the scientific literature that have been shown to be related to obesity in childhood and adolescence are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fábio da V Ued
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivan S Ferraz
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea A Contini
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Medicina, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Zangiacomi Martinez
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Medicina Social, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Del Ciampo
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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20
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Jeong B, Kim JS, Kwon AR, Lee J, Park S, Koo J, Lee WS, Baek JY, Shin WH, Lee JS, Jeong J, Kim WK, Jung CR, Kim NS, Cho SH, Lee DY. Maternal nanoplastic ingestion induces an increase in offspring body weight through altered lipid species and microbiota. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108522. [PMID: 38401434 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity and overweight, especially in children and adolescents, has become a serious societal issue. Although various genetic and environmental risk factors for pediatric obesity and overweight have been identified, the problem has not been solved. In this study, we examined whether environmental nanoplastic (NP) pollutants can act as environmental obesogens using mouse models exposed to NPs derived from polystyrene and polypropylene, which are abundant in the environment. We found abnormal weight gain in the progeny until 6 weeks of age following the oral administration of NPs to the mother during gestation and lactation. Through a series of experiments involving multi-omic analyses, we have demonstrated that NP-induced weight gain is caused by alterations in the lipid composition (lysophosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylcholine ratio) of maternal breast milk and he gut microbiota distribution of the progeny. These data indicate that environmental NPs can act as obesogens in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohyeon Jeong
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Kim
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, South Korea
| | - A Ra Kwon
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, South Korea
| | - Jangjae Lee
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Subin Park
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jahong Koo
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Wang Sik Lee
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jeong Yeob Baek
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Won-Ho Shin
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, South Korea
| | - Jung-Sook Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, South Korea; KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jinyoung Jeong
- KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea; Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Won Kon Kim
- KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea; Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea; Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Nam-Soon Kim
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Cho
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, South Korea.
| | - Da Yong Lee
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea.
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21
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Blumberg B. Do We Need a New Unifying Theory for Obesity? Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae029. [PMID: 38546853 PMCID: PMC10977274 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
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22
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Berlivet J, Payrastre L, Rebouillat P, Fougerat A, Touvier M, Hercberg S, Lairon D, Pointereau P, Guillou H, Vidal R, Baudry J, Kesse-Guyot E. Association between dietary pesticide exposure profiles and body weight change in French adults: Results from the NutriNet-Santé cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 184:108485. [PMID: 38350259 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticides cause a wide range of deleterious health effects, including metabolic disorders. Little is known about the effects of dietary pesticide exposure on body weight (BW) change in the general population. We aimed to investigate the role of dietary pesticide exposure in BW change among NutriNet-Santé participants, focusing on potential sexual dimorphism. METHODS Participants completed a Food Frequency Questionnaire (2014), assessing conventional and organic food consumption. Dietary exposure from plant foods of 25 commonly used pesticides was estimated using a residue database, accounting for agricultural practices (conventional and organic). Exposure profiles based on dietary patterns were computed using Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF). Mixed models were used to estimate the associations between BW change and exposure to pesticide mixtures, overall and after stratification by sex and menopausal status. RESULTS The final sample included 32,062 participants (8,211 men, 10,637 premenopausal, and 13,214 postmenopausal women). The median (IQR) follow-up was 7.0 (4.4; 8.0) years. Four pesticides profiles were inferred. Overall, men and postmenopausal women lost BW during follow-up, whereas premenopausal women gained BW. Higher exposure to NMF3, reflecting a lower exposure to synthetic pesticides, was associated with a lower BW gain, especially in premenopausal women (β(95 %CI) = -0.04 (-0.07; 0) kg/year, p = 0.04). Higher exposure to NMF2, highly positively correlated with a mixture of synthetic pesticides (azoxystrobin, boscalid, chlorpropham, cyprodinil, difenoconazole, fenhexamid, iprodione, tebuconazole, and lamda-cyhalothrin), was associated with a higher BW loss in men (β(95 %CI) = -0.05 (-0.08; -0.03) kg/year, p < 0.0001). No associations were observed for NMF1 and 4. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a role of pesticide exposure, inferred from dietary patterns, on BW change, with sexually dimorphic actions, including a potential role of a lower exposure to synthetic pesticides on BW change in women. In men, exposure to a specific pesticide mixture was associated with higher BW loss. The underlying mechanisms need further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Berlivet
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), F-93017, Bobigny, France.
| | - Laurence Payrastre
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Pauline Rebouillat
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), F-93017, Bobigny, France.
| | - Anne Fougerat
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), F-93017, Bobigny, France.
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), F-93017, Bobigny, France; Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France; Public Health Department, Groupe Hospitalier Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bobigny, France.
| | - Denis Lairon
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, INRAE, C2VN, 13005, Marseille, France.
| | | | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Rodolphe Vidal
- Institut de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation Biologiques (ITAB), 149 rue de Bercy 75595, Paris, France.
| | - Julia Baudry
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), F-93017, Bobigny, France.
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23
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Burkhardt P, Palma-Duran SA, Tuck ARR, Norgren K, Li X, Nikiforova V, Griffin JL, Munic Kos V. Environmental chemicals change extracellular lipidome of mature human white adipocytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140852. [PMID: 38048832 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Certain environmental chemicals affect the body's energy balance and are known as metabolism disrupting chemicals (MDCs). MDCs have been implicated in the development of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. In contrast to their well-known impact on developing adipocytes, MDC effects leading to altered energy balance and development of insulin resistance in mature white adipocytes, constituents of adult adipose tissue, are largely unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of six well-established environmental MDCs (bisphenol A (BPA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), triclosan (TCS), p,p-dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene (ppDDE), tributyltin chloride (TBT) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)) on mature human white adipocytes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. We aimed to identify biomarkers and sensitive endpoints of their metabolism disrupting effects. While most of the tested exposures had no effect on adipocyte glucose consumption, lipid storage and assessed gene expression endpoints, the highest concentration of triclosan affected the total lipid storage and adipocyte size, as well as glucose consumption and mRNA expression of the glucose transporter GLUT1, leptin and adiponectin. Additionally, an increased expression of adiponectin was observed with TPP and the positive control PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone. In contrast, the lipidomic analysis of the cell culture medium after a 3-day exposure was extremely sensitive and revealed concentration-dependent changes in the extracellular lipidome of adipocytes exposed to nearly all studied chemicals. While some of the extracellular lipidome changes were specific for the MDC used, some effects were found common to several tested chemicals and included increases in lysophosphatidylcholines, glycerophospholipids and ceramides and a decrease in fatty acids, with possible implications in inflammation, lipid and glucose uptake. This study points to early signs of metabolic disruption and likely systemic effects of mature adipocyte exposure to environmental chemicals, as well as to the need to include lipidomic endpoints in the assessment of adverse effects of MDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Burkhardt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susana Alejandra Palma-Duran
- Metabolomics STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Food Science, Research Center in Food and Development A.C., Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Astrud R R Tuck
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kalle Norgren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Violetta Nikiforova
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK; The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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24
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Bernal K, Touma C, Le-Grand B, Rose S, Degerli S, Genêt V, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Coumoul X, Martin-Chouly C, Langouët S, Blanc EB. Assessment of endocrine disruptor impacts on lipid metabolism in a fatty acid-supplemented HepaRG human hepatic cell line. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140883. [PMID: 38092172 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasing worldwide. This disease encompasses several stages, from steatosis to steatohepatitis and, eventually, to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Exposure to environmental contaminants is one of the risk factors and an increasing amount of evidence points to a role for endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). This study assesses the impact of selected EDCs on the formation of lipid droplets, the marker for steatosis in a hepatic model. The mechanisms underlying this effect are then explored. Ten compounds were selected according to their obesogenic properties: bisphenol A, F and S, butyl-paraben, cadmium chloride, p,p'-DDE, DBP, DEHP, PFOA and PFOS. Using a 2D or 3D model, HepaRG cells were exposed to the compounds with or without fatty acid supplementation. Then, the formation of lipid droplets was quantified by an automated fluorescence-based method. The expression of genes and proteins involved in lipid metabolism and the impact on cellular respiration was analyzed. The formation of lipid droplets, which is revealed or enhanced by oleic acid supplementation, was most effectively induced by p,p'-DDE and DEHP. Experiments employing either 2D or 3D culture conditions gave similar results. Both compounds induced the expression of PLIN2. p,p'-DDE also appears to act by decreasing in fatty acid oxidation. Some EDCs were able to induce the formation of lipid droplets, in HepaRG cells, an effect which was increased after supplementation of the cells with oleic acid. A full understanding of the mechanisms of these effects will require further investigation. The novel automated detection method described here may also be useful in the future as a regulatory test for EDC risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Bernal
- Université Paris Cité, T3S, Inserm UMR-S 1124, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, Paris, France
| | - Charbel Touma
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail) - UMR-S 1085, Université de Rennes, France
| | - Béatrice Le-Grand
- Université Paris Cité, T3S, Inserm UMR-S 1124, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Rose
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail) - UMR-S 1085, Université de Rennes, France
| | - Selenay Degerli
- Université Paris Cité, T3S, Inserm UMR-S 1124, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, Paris, France
| | - Valentine Genêt
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail) - UMR-S 1085, Université de Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail) - UMR-S 1085, Université de Rennes, France
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Université Paris Cité, T3S, Inserm UMR-S 1124, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Martin-Chouly
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail) - UMR-S 1085, Université de Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Langouët
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail) - UMR-S 1085, Université de Rennes, France
| | - Etienne B Blanc
- Université Paris Cité, T3S, Inserm UMR-S 1124, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, Paris, France.
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LIU H, SUN Z, LIU QS, ZHOU Q, JIANG G. [Synthetic phenolic compounds perturb lipid metabolism and induce obesogenic effects]. Se Pu 2024; 42:131-141. [PMID: 38374593 PMCID: PMC10877482 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2023.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Given continuous development in society and the economy, obesity has become a global epidemic, arousing great concern. In addition to genetic and dietary factors, exposure to environmental chemicals is associated with the occurrence and development of obesity. Current research has indicated that some chemicals with endocrine-disrupting effects can affect lipid metabolism in vivo, causing elevated lipid storage. These chemicals are called "environmental obesogens". Synthetic phenolic compounds (SPCs) are widely used in industrial and daily products, such as plastic products, disinfectants, pesticides, food additives, and so on. The exposure routes of SPCs to the human body may include food and water consumption, direct skin contact, etc. Their unintended exposure could cause harmful effects on human health. As a type of endocrine disruptor, SPCs interfere with adipogenesis and lipid metabolism, exhibiting the characteristics of environmental obesogens. Because SPCs have similar phenolic structures, gathering information on their influences on lipid metabolism would be helpful to understand their structure-related effects. In this review, three commonly used research methods for screening environmental obesogens, including in vitro testing for molecular interactions, cell adipogenic differentiation models, and in vivo studies on lipid metabolism, are summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are compared and discussed. Based on both in vitro and in vivo data, three types of SPCs, including bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues, alkylphenols (APs), and synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs), are systematically discussed in terms of their ability to disrupt adipogenesis and lipid metabolism by focusing on adipose and hepatic tissues, among others. Common findings on the effects of these SPCs on adipocyte differentiation, lipid storage, hepatic lipid accumulation, and liver steatosis are described. The underlying toxicological mechanisms are also discussed from the aspects of nuclear receptor transactivation, inflammation and oxidative stress regulation, intestinal microenvironment alteration, epigenetic modification, and some other signaling pathways. Future research to increase public knowledge on the obesogenic effects of emerging chemicals of concern is encouraged.
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Perez-Diaz C, Uriz-Martínez M, Ortega-Rico C, Leno-Duran E, Barrios-Rodríguez R, Salcedo-Bellido I, Arrebola JP, Requena P. Phthalate exposure and risk of metabolic syndrome components: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122714. [PMID: 37844863 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, i.e. obesity, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels and arterial hypertension. Phthalates are environmental chemicals which might influence the risk of the aforementioned disturbances, although the evidence is still controversial. The objective of this work was to synthesize the evidence on the association between human phthalate exposure and metabolic syndrome or any of its components. In this systematic review, the PRISMA guidelines were followed and the literature was search in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies were included, the later only if a subclinical marker of disease was evaluated. The methodological quality was assessed with the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and a checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies developed in the Joanna Briggs Institute. A total of 58 articles were identified that showed high heterogenicity in the specific phthalates assessed, time-window of exposure and duration of follow-up. The quality of the studies was evaluated as high (n = 46, score >7 points) or medium (n = 12, score 4-6). The most frequently studied phthalates were DEHP-MEHP, MBzP and MEP. The evidence revealed a positive association between prenatal (in utero) exposure to most phthalates and markers of obesity in the offspring, but contradictory results when postnatal exposure and obesity were assessed. Moreover, postnatal phthalate exposure showed positive and very consistent associations with markers of diabetes and, to a lesser extent, with triglyceride levels. However, fewer evidence and contradictory results were found for HDL-c levels and markers of hypertension. The suggested mechanisms for these metabolic effects include transcription factor PPAR activation, antagonism of thyroid hormone function, antiandrogenic effects, oxidative stress and inflammation, and epigenetic changes. Nevertheless, as the inconsistency of some results could be related to differences in the study design, future research should aim to standardise the exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Perez-Diaz
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pharmacy School. Campus de Cartuja S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA). Avda. de Madrid, 15. Pabellón de Consultas Externas 2, 2(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Maialen Uriz-Martínez
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pharmacy School. Campus de Cartuja S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Ortega-Rico
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pharmacy School. Campus de Cartuja S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Ester Leno-Duran
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medicine School. Parque Tecnologico de La Salud, Av. de La Investigación, 11, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Rocío Barrios-Rodríguez
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pharmacy School. Campus de Cartuja S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA). Avda. de Madrid, 15. Pabellón de Consultas Externas 2, 2(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Salcedo-Bellido
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pharmacy School. Campus de Cartuja S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA). Avda. de Madrid, 15. Pabellón de Consultas Externas 2, 2(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Arrebola
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pharmacy School. Campus de Cartuja S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA). Avda. de Madrid, 15. Pabellón de Consultas Externas 2, 2(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Requena
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pharmacy School. Campus de Cartuja S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA). Avda. de Madrid, 15. Pabellón de Consultas Externas 2, 2(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Tahiri M, Johnsrud C, Steffensen IL. Evidence and hypotheses on adverse effects of the food additives carrageenan (E 407)/processed Eucheuma seaweed (E 407a) and carboxymethylcellulose (E 466) on the intestines: a scoping review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2023; 53:521-571. [PMID: 38032203 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2270574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
This scoping review provides an overview of publications reporting adverse effects on the intestines of the food additives carrageenan (CGN) (E 407)/processed Eucheuma seaweed (PES) (E 407a) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) (E 466). It includes evidence from human, experimental mammal and in vitro research publications, and other evidence. The databases Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Epistemonikos were searched without time limits, in addition to grey literature. The publications retrieved were screened against predefined criteria. From two literature searches, 2572 records were screened, of which 224 records were included, as well as 38 records from grey literature, making a total of 262 included publications, 196 on CGN and 101 on CMC. These publications were coded and analyzed in Eppi-Reviewer and data gaps presented in interactive maps. For CGN, five, 69 and 33 research publications on humans, experimental mammals and in vitro experiments were found, further separated as degraded or native (non-degraded) CGN. For CMC, three human, 20 animal and 14 in vitro research publications were obtained. The most studied adverse effects on the intestines were for both additives inflammation, the gut microbiome, including fermentation, intestinal permeability, and cancer and metabolic effects, and immune effects for CGN. Further studies should focus on native CGN, in the form and molecular weight used as food additive. For both additives, randomized controlled trials of sufficient power and with realistic dietary exposure levels of single additives, performed in persons of all ages, including potentially vulnerable groups, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirlinda Tahiri
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Celine Johnsrud
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger-Lise Steffensen
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Weiss MC, Wang L, Sargis RM. Hormonal Injustice: Environmental Toxicants as Drivers of Endocrine Health Disparities. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2023; 52:719-736. [PMID: 37865484 PMCID: PMC10929240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The toll of multiple endocrine disorders has increased substantially in recent decades, and marginalized populations bear a disproportionate burden of disease. Because of the significant individual and societal impact of these conditions, it is essential to identify and address all modifiable risk factors contributing to these disparities. Abundant evidence now links endocrine dysfunction with exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), with greater exposures to multiple EDCs occurring among vulnerable groups, such as racial/ethnic minorities, those with low incomes, and others with high endocrine disease burdens. Identifying and eliminating EDC exposures is an essential step in achieving endocrine health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret C Weiss
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1853 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 South Wolcott, Suite E625, M/C 640, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Luyu Wang
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1853 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 South Wolcott, Suite E625, M/C 640, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1853 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 South Wolcott, Suite E625, M/C 640, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Chicago Center for Health and Environment, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 South Damen, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Blumberg B, Cheng-An Chang R, Egusquiza R, Amato A, Li Z, Joloya E, Wheeler H, Nguyen A, Shioda K, Odajima J, Lawrence M, Shioda T. Heritable changes in chromatin contacts linked to transgenerational obesity. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3570919. [PMID: 38077066 PMCID: PMC10705594 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3570919/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Burgeoning evidence demonstrates that effects of environmental exposures can be transmitted to subsequent generations through the germline without DNA mutations1,2. This phenomenon remains controversial because underlying mechanisms have not been identified. Therefore, understanding how effects of environmental exposures are transmitted to unexposed generations without DNA mutations is a fundamental unanswered question in biology. Here, we used an established murine model of male-specific transgenerational obesity to show that exposure to the obesogen tributyltin (TBT) elicited heritable changes in chromatin interactions (CIs) in primordial germ cells (PGCs). New CIs were formed within the Ide gene encoding Insulin Degrading Enzyme in the directly exposed PGCs, then stably maintained in PGCs of the subsequent (unexposed) two generations. Concomitantly, Ide mRNA expression was decreased in livers of male descendants from the exposed dams. These males were hyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic, phenocopying Ide-deficient mice that are predisposed to adult-onset, diet-induced obesity. Creation of new CIs in PGCs, suppression of hepatic Ide mRNA, increased fat mass, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia were male-specific. Our results provide a plausible molecular mechanism underlying transmission of the transgenerational predisposition to obesity caused by gestational exposure to an environmental obesogen. They also provide an entry point for future studies aimed at understanding how environmental exposures alter chromatin structure to influence physiology across multiple generations in mammals.
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Nejadghaderi SA, Grieger JA, Karamzad N, Kolahi AA, Sullman MJM, Safiri S, Sabour S. Burden of diseases attributable to excess body weight in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990-2019. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20338. [PMID: 37990049 PMCID: PMC10663478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
High body mass index (BMI), or excess body weight (EBW), represents a significant risk factor for a range of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and cancers. The study sought to determine the burden of diseases attributable to EBW in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region from 1990 and 2019. The analysis also included an exploration of this burden by age, sex, underlying cause, and sociodemographic index (SDI). We utilized publicly available data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019 to identify the deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of diseases associated with EBW in MENA, spanning the period from 1990 to 2019. The GBD estimated the mean BMI and the prevalence of EBW using hierarchical mixed-effects regression, followed by spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression to determine the most accurate BMI distribution through comparison with actual data. In 2019, there were an estimated 538.4 thousand deaths (95% UI 369.9-712.3) and 17.9 million DALYs (12.9-23.1) attributable to EBW in the region. The DALYs attributable to EBW were higher in men (9.3 million [6.5-12.4]) than in women (8.5 million [6.4-10.8]). The age-standardized death and DALY rates for the diseases associated with EBW increased by 5.1% (- 9.0-25.9) and 8.3% (- 6.5-28.8), respectively, during the study period which was not significant. Egypt had the highest age-standardized mortality rate due to EBW (217.7 [140.0, 307.8]), while Yemen (88.6 [45.9, 143.5]) had the lowest. In 2019, the highest number of DALYs occurred among individuals aged 60 to 64 years old. Furthermore, we found a positive association between a nation's SDI and the age-standardized DALY rate linked to EBW. Cardiovascular disease emerged as the leading contributor to the EBW burden in MENA. The disease burden attributable to EBW showed a non-significant increase in MENA from 1990 to 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jessica A Grieger
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nahid Karamzad
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali-Asghar Kolahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mark J M Sullman
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Siamak Sabour
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wagner VA, Holl KL, Clark KC, Reho JJ, Lehmler HJ, Wang K, Grobe JL, Dwinell MR, Raff H, Kwitek AE. The Power of the Heterogeneous Stock Rat Founder Strains in Modeling Metabolic Disease. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad157. [PMID: 37882530 PMCID: PMC10637104 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are a host of complex conditions, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. Endocrine control systems (eg, adrenals, thyroid, gonads) are causally linked to metabolic health outcomes. N/NIH Heterogeneous Stock (HS) rats are a genetically heterogeneous outbred population developed for genetic studies of complex traits. Genetic mapping studies in adult HS rats identified loci associated with cardiometabolic risks, such as glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and increased body mass index. This study determined underappreciated metabolic health traits and the associated endocrine glands within available substrains of the HS rat founders. We hypothesize that the genetic diversity of the HS rat founder strains causes a range of endocrine health conditions contributing to the diversity of cardiometabolic disease risks. ACI/EurMcwi, BN/NHsdMcwi, BUF/MnaMcwi, F344/StmMcwi, M520/NRrrcMcwi, and WKY/NCrl rats of both sexes were studied from birth until 13 weeks of age. Birth weight was recorded, body weight was measured weekly, metabolic characteristics were assessed, and blood and tissues were collected. Our data show wide variation in endocrine traits and metabolic health states in ACI, BN, BUF, F344, M520, and WKY rat strains. This is the first report to compare birth weight, resting metabolic rate, endocrine gland weight, hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis hormones, and brown adipose tissue weight in these rat strains. Importantly, this work unveils new potential for the HS rat population to model early life adversity and adrenal and thyroid pathophysiology. The HS population likely inherited risk alleles for these strain-specific traits, making the HS rat a powerful model to investigate interventions on endocrine and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A Wagner
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Katie L Holl
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Karen C Clark
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - John J Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Melinda R Dwinell
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Hershel Raff
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Anne E Kwitek
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Ramírez V, Merkel S, Tietz T, Rivas A. Risk assessment of food contact materials. EFSA J 2023; 21:e211015. [PMID: 38047134 PMCID: PMC10687752 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.e211015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is authorised for use as a chemical compound for the production of plastic food contact materials (FCMs) under Regulation (EU) No 10/2011. But according to requirements of the Regulation (EU) No 2018/213, BPA has been banned in the manufacture of polycarbonate drinking cups or feeding bottles intended for infants and young children. Food has been identified as the main source of human exposure to BPA, followed by dermal absorption, air and dust inhalation, revealing ubiquitous and continuous contact with BPA. Considering that BPA is able to enter the food chain through the migration from food packaging into foodstuffs, assessment of dietary exposure is necessary for accurate estimations and identification of potential exposure from food sources. In 2015, EFSA set a temporary tolerable daily intake (TDI) for BPA of 4 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day and concluded that no health concern from BPA exposure for any age group was to be expected. In 2023, EFSA has re-evaluated BPA safety and the new TDI was reduced by a factor of 20,000 resulting in a TDI of 0.2 ng/kg bw per day. In this case, the CEP Panel concluded that there is a health concern from dietary exposure to BPA. Amongst others, the BfR identified several points of criticism which, in the opinion of the BfR, call into question the risk assessment carried out by EFSA. The BfR derived a TDI of 200 ng/kg bw per day and suggests taking this into account for risk assessment. In the proposed EU-FORA programme, the fellow had the opportunity to gain experience in the exposure assessment and then integrate the data together with the BfR hazard assessment to perform a comprehensive risk assessment. As second objective of the work programme, the fellow was in charge of performing a toxicokinetic analysis in an attempt to correlate external exposure with urinary BPA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Ramírez
- Department of Chemicals and Product SafetyGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)BerlinGermany
| | - Stefan Merkel
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “Jose Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
| | - Thomas Tietz
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “Jose Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
| | - Ana Rivas
- Department of Chemicals and Product SafetyGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)BerlinGermany
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Hoffman SS, Liang D, Hood RB, Tan Y, Terrell ML, Marder ME, Barton H, Pearson MA, Walker DI, Barr DB, Jones DP, Marcus M. Assessing Metabolic Differences Associated with Exposure to Polybrominated Biphenyl and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Michigan PBB Registry. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:107005. [PMID: 37815925 PMCID: PMC10564108 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are persistent organic pollutants with potential endocrine-disrupting effects linked to adverse health outcomes. OBJECTIVES In this study, we utilize high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) to identify internal exposure and biological responses underlying PCB and multigenerational PBB exposure for participants enrolled in the Michigan PBB Registry. METHODS HRM profiling was conducted on plasma samples collected from 2013 to 2014 from a subset of participants enrolled in the Michigan PBB Registry, including 369 directly exposed individuals (F0) who were alive when PBB mixtures were accidentally introduced into the food chain and 129 participants exposed to PBB in utero or through breastfeeding, if applicable (F1). Metabolome-wide association studies were performed for PBB-153 separately for each generation and Σ PCB (PCB-118, PCB-138, PCB-153, and PCB-180) in the two generations combined, as both had direct PCB exposure. Metabolite and metabolic pathway alterations were evaluated following a well-established untargeted HRM workflow. RESULTS Mean levels were 1.75 ng / mL [standard deviation (SD): 13.9] for PBB-153 and 1.04 ng / mL (SD: 0.788) for Σ PCB . Sixty-two and 26 metabolic features were significantly associated with PBB-153 in F0 and F1 [false discovery rate (FDR) p < 0.2 ], respectively. There were 2,861 features associated with Σ PCB (FDR p < 0.2 ). Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis using a bioinformatics tool revealed perturbations associated with Σ PCB in numerous oxidative stress and inflammation pathways (e.g., carnitine shuttle, glycosphingolipid, and vitamin B9 metabolism). Metabolic perturbations associated with PBB-153 in F0 were related to oxidative stress (e.g., pentose phosphate and vitamin C metabolism) and in F1 were related to energy production (e.g., pyrimidine, amino sugars, and lysine metabolism). Using authentic chemical standards, we confirmed the chemical identity of 29 metabolites associated with Σ PCB levels (level 1 evidence). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that serum PBB-153 is associated with alterations in inflammation and oxidative stress-related pathways, which differed when stratified by generation. We also found that Σ PCB was associated with the downregulation of important neurotransmitters, serotonin, and 4-aminobutanoate. These findings provide novel insights for future investigations of molecular mechanisms underlying PBB and PCB exposure on health. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12657.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan S. Hoffman
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Donghai Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert B. Hood
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Youran Tan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - M. Elizabeth Marder
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hillary Barton
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Melanie A. Pearson
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Douglas I. Walker
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dean P. Jones
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michele Marcus
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Muncke J, Andersson AM, Backhaus T, Belcher SM, Boucher JM, Carney Almroth B, Collins TJ, Geueke B, Groh KJ, Heindel JJ, von Hippel FA, Legler J, Maffini MV, Martin OV, Peterson Myers J, Nadal A, Nerin C, Soto AM, Trasande L, Vandenberg LN, Wagner M, Zimmermann L, Thomas Zoeller R, Scheringer M. A vision for safer food contact materials: Public health concerns as drivers for improved testing. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 180:108161. [PMID: 37758599 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Food contact materials (FCMs) and food contact articles are ubiquitous in today's globalized food system. Chemicals migrate from FCMs into foodstuffs, so called food contact chemicals (FCCs), but current regulatory requirements do not sufficiently protect public health from hazardous FCCs because only individual substances used to make FCMs are tested and mostly only for genotoxicity while endocrine disruption and other hazard properties are disregarded. Indeed, FCMs are a known source of a wide range of hazardous chemicals, and they likely contribute to highly prevalent non-communicable diseases. FCMs can also include non-intentionally added substances (NIAS), which often are unknown and therefore not subject to risk assessment. To address these important shortcomings, we outline how the safety of FCMs may be improved by (1) testing the overall migrate, including (unknown) NIAS, of finished food contact articles, and (2) expanding toxicological testing beyond genotoxicity to multiple endpoints associated with non-communicable diseases relevant to human health. To identify mechanistic endpoints for testing, we group chronic health outcomes associated with chemical exposure into Six Clusters of Disease (SCOD) and we propose that finished food contact articles should be tested for their impacts on these SCOD. Research should focus on developing robust, relevant, and sensitive in-vitro assays based on mechanistic information linked to the SCOD, e.g., through Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) or Key Characteristics of Toxicants. Implementing this vision will improve prevention of chronic diseases that are associated with hazardous chemical exposures, including from FCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Muncke
- Food Packaging Forum Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Dept. of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet and Centre for Research and Research Training in Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Scott M Belcher
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Birgit Geueke
- Food Packaging Forum Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ksenia J Groh
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Frank A von Hippel
- Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Juliette Legler
- Dept. of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Olwenn V Martin
- Plastic Waste Innovation Hub, Department of Arts and Science, University College London, UK
| | - John Peterson Myers
- Dept. of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Environmental Health Sciences, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Angel Nadal
- IDiBE and CIBERDEM, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Cristina Nerin
- Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, I3A, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M Soto
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Centre Cavaillès, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- College of Global Public Health and Grossman School of Medicine and Wagner School of Public Service, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Martin Wagner
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - R Thomas Zoeller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Martin Scheringer
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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Hall KD. From dearth to excess: the rise of obesity in an ultra-processed food system. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220214. [PMID: 37482782 PMCID: PMC10363698 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
More people now have obesity than suffer from starvation thanks to our modern food system. Agriculture was transformed over the 20th century by a variety of technological advancements that relied heavily on fossil fuels. In the United States, government policies and economic incentives led to surplus production of cheap inputs to processed food industries that produced a wide variety of heavily marketed, convenient, rewarding, timesaving, and relatively inexpensive ultra-processed foods. The energy available in the food supply increased by much more than the population needs, albeit with large inequities in nutrition security. While most of the rise in per capita food availability during the late 20th and early 21st centuries in the United States resulted in increased food waste, a variety of mechanisms have been proposed by which changes in the increasingly ultra-processed food environment resulted in excess energy intake disproportionately in people genetically susceptible to obesity. As populations continue to grow, substantial investments in coordinated nutrition and agricultural research are needed to transform our current food system to one that relies less on fossil fuels, preserves biodiversity, ensures environmental health, and provides equitable access to affordable, safe and nutritious food that reduces the prevalence of chronic diet-related diseases like obesity. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part I)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Hall
- Integrative Physiology Section Chief, Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12A South Drive, Room 4007, Bethesda, MD 20892-4007, USA
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Xue Y, Gong Y, Li X, Peng F, Ding G, Zhang Z, Shi J, Savul IS, Xu Y, Chen Q, Han L, Mao S, Sun Z. Sex differences in paternal arsenic-induced intergenerational metabolic effects are mediated by estrogen. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:165. [PMID: 37691128 PMCID: PMC10493026 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene-environment interactions contribute to metabolic disorders such as diabetes and dyslipidemia. In addition to affecting metabolic homeostasis directly, drugs and environmental chemicals can cause persistent alterations in metabolic portfolios across generations in a sex-specific manner. Here, we use inorganic arsenic (iAs) as a prototype drug and chemical to dissect such sex differences. METHODS After weaning, C57BL/6 WT male mice were treated with 250 ppb iAs in drinking water (iAsF0) or normal water (conF0) for 6 weeks and then bred with 15-week-old, non-exposed females for 3 days in cages with only normal water (without iAs), to generate iAsF1 or conF1 mice, respectively. F0 females and all F1 mice drank normal water without iAs all the time. RESULTS We find that exposure of male mice to 250 ppb iAs leads to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in F1 female offspring (iAsF1-F), with almost no change in blood lipid profiles. In contrast, F1 males (iAsF1-M) show lower liver and blood triglyceride levels than non-exposed control, with improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The liver of F1 offspring shows sex-specific transcriptomic changes, with hepatocyte-autonomous alternations of metabolic fluxes in line with the sex-specific phenotypes. The iAsF1-F mice show altered levels of circulating estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormone. Ovariectomy or liver-specific knockout of estrogen receptor α/β made F1 females resemble F1 males in their metabolic responses to paternal iAs exposure. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that disrupted reproductive hormone secretion in alliance with hepatic estrogen signaling accounts for the sex-specific intergenerational effects of paternal iAs exposure, which shed light on the sex disparities in long-term gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Center for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yingyun Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fei Peng
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guolian Ding
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junchao Shi
- Molecular Medicine Program, Department of Human Genetics, and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ilma Saleh Savul
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qi Chen
- Molecular Medicine Program, Department of Human Genetics, and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shengyong Mao
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Center for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zheng Sun
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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McDevitt E, Henein L, Crawford A, Kondakala S, Young D, Meek E, Howell GE. Alterations of Systemic and Hepatic Metabolic Function Following Exposure to Trans-nonachlor in Low and High Fat Diet Fed Male Sprague Dawley Rats. Int J Toxicol 2023; 42:407-419. [PMID: 37126671 PMCID: PMC10530595 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231170527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The overall prevalence of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated co-morbidities have increased at an alarming rate in the United States and worldwide. There is a growing body of epidemiological evidence implicating exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including legacy organochlorine (OC) pesticides and their bioaccumulative metabolites, in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to determine if exposure to trans-nonachlor, a bioaccumulative OC pesticide contaminant, in concert with high fat diet intake induced metabolic dysfunction. Briefly, male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to trans-nonachlor (.5 or 5 ppm) in either a low fat (LFD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. At 8 weeks of intake, trans-nonachlor decreased serum triglyceride levels in LFD and HFD fed animals and at 16 weeks compared to LFD fed animals. Interestingly, serum glucose levels were decreased by trans-nonachlor (5 ppm) in LFD fed animals at 16 weeks. Serum free fatty acids were increased by trans-nonachlor exposure (5 ppm) in LFD fed animals at 16 weeks. HFD fed animals displayed signs of hepatic steatosis including elevated liver triglycerides, liver enzymes, and liver lipid peroxidation which were not significantly altered by trans-nonachlor exposure. However, there was a trans-nonachlor mediated increase in expression of fatty acid synthase in livers of LFD fed animals and not HFD fed animals. Thus, the present data indicate exposure to trans-nonachlor in conjunction with LFD or HFD intake produces both diet and exposure dependent effects on lipid and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin McDevitt
- Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Lucie Henein
- Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Anna Crawford
- Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Sandeep Kondakala
- Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Darian Young
- Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Edward Meek
- Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - George E. Howell
- Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
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Wu HD, Yang LW, Deng DY, Jiang RN, Song ZK, Zhou LT. The effects of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) on pro-atherosclerosis mechanisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115325. [PMID: 37544066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Brominated flame-retardants (BFRs) are environmental endocrine disruptors, comprising several pollutants, which potentially affect the endocrine system and cause dysfunction and disease. Widespread BFR exposure may cause multisystem toxicity, including cardiovascular toxicity in some individuals. Studies have shown that BFRs not only increase heart rate, induce arrhythmia and cardiac hypertrophy, but also cause glycolipid metabolism disorders, vascular endothelial dysfunction, and inflammatory responses, all of which potentially induce pre-pathological changes in atherosclerosis. Experimental data indicated that BFRs disrupt gene expression or signaling pathways, which cause vascular endothelial dysfunction, lipid metabolism-related disease, inflammation, and possibly atherosclerosis. Considerable evidence now suggests that BFR exposure may be a pro-atherosclerotic risk factor. In this study, we reviewed putative BFR effects underpinning pro-atherosclerosis mechanisms, and focused on vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, abnormal lipid metabolism, pro-inflammatory cytokine production and foam cell formation. Consequently, we proposed a scientific basis for preventing atherosclerosis by BFRs and provided concepts for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Di Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Li-Wei Yang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Da-Yong Deng
- Department of Radiology, Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital, 1066 Jinhu Road, 130000 Changchun, China
| | - Rong-Na Jiang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital, 1066 Jinhu Road, 130000 Changchun, China
| | - Zi-Kai Song
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Li-Ting Zhou
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Schkoda S, Horman B, Witchey SK, Jansson A, Macari S, Patisaul HB. Skeletal effects following developmental flame-retardant exposure are specific to sex and chemical class in the adult Wistar rat. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1216388. [PMID: 37577032 PMCID: PMC10414991 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1216388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Accumulating evidence reveals that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can disrupt aspects of metabolic programming, suggesting that skeletal development may be at risk, a possibility that is rarely examined. The commercial flame retardant (FR) mixture, Firemaster 550 (FM 550), has repeatedly been shown to negatively influence metabolic programming, raising concerns that skeletal integrity may consequently be impaired. We have previously shown that gestational and lactational exposure to 1,000 µg FM 550 negatively affected sex-specific skeletal traits in male, but not female, rats assessed at 6 months of age. Whether this outcome is primarily driven by the brominated (BFR) or organophosphate ester (OPFR) portions of the mixture or the effects persist to older ages is unknown. Materials and methods: To address this, in the present study, dams were orally exposed throughout gestation and lactation to either 1,000 μg BFR, 1,000 µg OPFR, or 2,000 µg FM 550. Offspring (n = 8/sex/exposure) were weaned at PND 21 and assessed for femoral cortical and trabecular bone parameters at 8 months of age by high-resolution X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Serum levels of serotonin, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, and calcium were quantified. Results: FM 550 affected both sexes, but the females were more appreciably impacted by the OPFRs, while the males were more vulnerable to the BFRs. Conclusion: Although sex specificity was expected due to the sexual dimorphic nature of skeletal physiology, the mechanisms accounting for the male- and female-specific phenotypes remain to be determined. Future work aims to clarify these unresolved issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Schkoda
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Brian Horman
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Shannah K. Witchey
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Anton Jansson
- Analytical Instrumentation Facility, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Soraia Macari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Heather B. Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Heindel JJ, Alvarez JA, Atlas E, Cave MC, Chatzi VL, Collier D, Corkey B, Fischer D, Goran MI, Howard S, Kahan S, Kayhoe M, Koliwad S, Kotz CM, La Merrill M, Lobstein T, Lumeng C, Ludwig DS, Lustig RH, Myers P, Nadal A, Trasande L, Redman LM, Rodeheffer MS, Sargis RM, Stephens JM, Ziegler TR, Blumberg B. Obesogens and Obesity: State-of-the-Science and Future Directions Summary from a Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptors Strategies Workshop. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:329-337. [PMID: 37230178 PMCID: PMC10731763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
On September 7 and 8, 2022, Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptors Strategies, an Environmental Health Sciences program, convened a scientific workshop of relevant stakeholders involved in obesity, toxicology, or obesogen research to review the state of the science regarding the role of obesogenic chemicals that might be contributing to the obesity pandemic. The workshop's objectives were to examine the evidence supporting the hypothesis that obesogens contribute to the etiology of human obesity; to discuss opportunities for improved understanding, acceptance, and dissemination of obesogens as contributors to the obesity pandemic; and to consider the need for future research and potential mitigation strategies. This report details the discussions, key areas of agreement, and future opportunities to prevent obesity. The attendees agreed that environmental obesogens are real, significant, and a contributor at some degree to weight gain at the individual level and to the global obesity and metabolic disease pandemic at a societal level; moreover, it is at least, in theory, remediable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Boseman, Montana, United States.
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Matthew C Cave
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Lousiville, KY, United States
| | - Vaia Lida Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David Collier
- Department of Pediatrics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Barbara Corkey
- Chobanian and Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Michael I Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Boseman, Montana, United States
| | - Scott Kahan
- National Center for Weight and Wellness, Johns Hopkins Blumberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Suneil Koliwad
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Catherine M Kotz
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota and Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michele La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Tim Lobstein
- World Obesity Federation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carey Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David S Ludwig
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert H Lustig
- Department of Physiology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Pete Myers
- Environmental Health Sciences, Boseman, MT, United States
| | - Angel Nadal
- Department of Physiology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States; Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leanne M Redman
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology & Women's Health, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Matthew S Rodeheffer
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas R Ziegler
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell BiologyUniversity of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Wagner VA, Holl KL, Clark KC, Reho JJ, Dwinell MR, Lehmler HJ, Raff H, Grobe JL, Kwitek AE. Genetic background in the rat affects endocrine and metabolic outcomes of bisphenol F exposure. Toxicol Sci 2023; 194:84-100. [PMID: 37191987 PMCID: PMC10306406 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental bisphenol compounds like bisphenol F (BPF) are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) affecting adipose and classical endocrine systems. Genetic factors that influence EDC exposure outcomes are poorly understood and are unaccounted variables that may contribute to the large range of reported outcomes in the human population. We previously demonstrated that BPF exposure increased body growth and adiposity in male N/NIH heterogeneous stock (HS) rats, a genetically heterogeneous outbred population. We hypothesize that the founder strains of the HS rat exhibit EDC effects that were strain- and sex-dependent. Weanling littermate pairs of male and female ACI, BN, BUF, F344, M520, and WKY rats randomly received either vehicle (0.1% EtOH) or 1.125 mg BPF/l in 0.1% EtOH for 10 weeks in drinking water. Body weight and fluid intake were measured weekly, metabolic parameters were assessed, and blood and tissues were collected. BPF increased thyroid weight in ACI males, thymus and kidney weight in BUF females, adrenal weight in WKY males, and possibly increased pituitary weight in BN males. BUF females also developed a disruption in activity and metabolic rate with BPF exposure. These sex- and strain-specific exposure outcomes illustrate that HS rat founders possess diverse bisphenol-exposure risk alleles and suggest that BPF exposure may intensify inherent organ system dysfunction existing in the HS rat founders. We propose that the HS rat will be an invaluable model for dissecting gene EDC interactions on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A Wagner
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Katie L Holl
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Karen C Clark
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - John J Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Melinda R Dwinell
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52246, USA
| | - Hershel Raff
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke’s Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Anne E Kwitek
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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Lopez-Antia A, Piña B, Lacorte S, Bervoets L, Eens M. Transcriptomic effects of Perfluoralkyl acids on the adipose tissue of a songbird species at environmentally relevant concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121478. [PMID: 36972811 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoralkyl acids (PFAS) have been regarded as global pollutants for at least twenty years, with potentially negative physiological effects on multiple vertebrate species including humans. Here we analyze the effects of the administration of environmentally-relevant levels of PFAS on caged canaries (Serinus canaria) by using a combination of physiological, immunological, and transcriptomic analyses. This constitutes a completely new approach to understand the toxicity pathway of PFAS in birds. While we observed no effects on physiological and immunological parameters (e.g, body weight, fat index, cell-mediated immunity), the transcriptome of the pectoral fatty tissue showed changes compatible with the known effects of PFAS as obesogens in other vertebrates, particularly in mammals. First, transcripts related to the immunological response were affected (mainly enriched), including several key signaling pathways. Second, we found a repression of genes related to the peroxisome response and fatty acid metabolism. We interpret these results as indicative of the potential hazard of environmental concentrations of PFAS on the fat metabolism and the immunological system of birds, while exemplifying the ability of transcriptomic analyses of detecting early physiological responses to toxicants. As the potentially affected functions are essential for the survival of the animals during, for example, migration, our results underline the need for tight control of the exposure of natural populations of birds to these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lopez-Antia
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (BECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Silvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (BECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Bérubé R, LeFauve MK, Heldman S, Chiang YTT, Birbeck J, Westrick J, Hoffman K, Kassotis CD. Adipogenic and endocrine disrupting mixture effects of organic and inorganic pollutant mixtures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162587. [PMID: 36871739 PMCID: PMC10148906 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic health conditions are rapidly increasing in prevalence and cost to society worldwide: in the US, >42 % of adults aged 20 and older are currently classified as obese. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been implicated as a causal factor; some EDCs, termed "obesogens", can increase weight and lipid accumulation and/or perturb metabolic homeostasis. This project aimed to assess the potential combination effects of diverse inorganic and organic contaminant mixtures, which more closely reflect environmentally realistic exposures, on nuclear receptor activation/inhibition and adipocyte differentiation. Herein, we focused on two polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB-77 and 153), two perfluoroalkyl substances (PFOA and PFOS), two brominated flame retardants (PBB-153 and BDE-47), and three inorganic contaminants (lead, arsenic, and cadmium). We examined adipogenesis using human mesenchymal stem cells and receptor bioactivities using luciferase reporter gene assays in human cell lines. We observed significantly greater effects for several receptor bioactivities by various contaminant mixtures relative to individual components. All nine contaminants promoted triglyceride accumulation and/or pre-adipocyte proliferation in human mesenchymal stem cells. Comparing simple component mixtures to individual components at 10 % and 50 % effect levels revealed putative synergistic effects for each of the mixtures for at least one of the concentrations relative to the individual component chemicals, some of which also exhibited significantly greater effects than the component contaminants. Our results support further testing of more realistic and complex contaminant mixtures that better reflect environmental exposures, in order to more conclusively define mixture responses both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Bérubé
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Matthew K LeFauve
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Samantha Heldman
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Yu-Ting Tiffany Chiang
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Johnna Birbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Judy Westrick
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Kate Hoffman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America
| | - Christopher D Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America.
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Aydemir D, Aydogan-Ahbab M, Barlas N, Ulusu NN. Effects of the in-utero dicyclohexyl phthalate and di- n-hexyl phthalate administration on the oxidative stress-induced histopathological changes in the rat liver tissue correlated with serum biochemistry and hematological parameters. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1128202. [PMID: 37274322 PMCID: PMC10235726 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1128202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are widely used as plasticizers in the industry and are found in cosmetics, food and drink packaging, drugs, toys, households, medical devices, pesticides, personal care products, and paints. Phthalates exert endocrine disrupting and peroxisome proliferator effects in humans and wildlife associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases, including diabetes, obesity, infertility, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Since phthalates are metabolized in the liver, which regulates the body's energy metabolism, long or short-term exposure to the phthalates is associated with impaired glucose, lipid, and oxidative stress metabolisms contributing to liver toxicity. However, the impact of in-utero exposure to DHP and DCHP on liver metabolism has not been studied previously. Thus, in this study, we evaluated serum biochemistry parameters, hematological markers, histopathological changes, and oxidative and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) metabolisms in the liver following in-utero DHP and DCHP administration, respectively, in male and female rats. We found increased relative and absolute liver weights and impaired triglyceride, alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels upon dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) and di-n-hexyl phthalate (DHP). Histopathological changes, including congestion, sinusoidal dilatation, inflammatory cell infiltration, cells with a pyknotic nucleus, lysis of hepatocytes, and degeneration of hepatic parenchyma have been observed in the liver samples of DHP and DCHP dose groups. Moreover, increased glutathione s-transferase (GST), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities have been found in the liver samples of DHP and DCHP-treated rats associated with impaired pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and oxidative stress metabolism. First time in the literature, we showed that in-utero exposure to DHP and DCHP causes liver damage associated with impaired oxidative stress metabolism in male and female rats. Our data may guide researchers and governments to regulate and restrict phthalates in industrial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Aydemir
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mufide Aydogan-Ahbab
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Hamidiye Vocational School of Health Services, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nurhayat Barlas
- Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Nuriye Nuray Ulusu
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Türkiye
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Adeleye AJ, Zablotska L, Rinaudo P, Huang D, Lustig RH, Cedars MI. Study protocol for a Developmental Epidemiological Study of Children born through Reproductive Technologies (DESCRT). Hum Reprod Open 2023; 2023:hoad013. [PMID: 37265937 PMCID: PMC10229433 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTIONS The primary objective of this study is to determine what parental factors or specific ART may influence the risk for adverse cardiometabolic outcomes among children so conceived and their parents. The secondary objective of this study is to prospectively examine the effects of infertility or ART on the intrauterine environment, obstetric and neonatal outcomes. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Pregnancies conceived with ART are at an increased risk of being affected by adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes when compared to spontaneously conceived (SC) pregnancies among fertile women. Small cohort studies have suggested ART-conceived children may have a higher risk of long-term cardiometabolic disturbances as well. Currently, few studies have compared long-term cardiometabolic outcomes among ART-conceived children and non-IVF treated (NIFT) children, to children conceived spontaneously to parents with infertility (subfertile parents). STUDY DESIGN SIZE DURATION The Developmental Epidemiological Study of Children born through Reproductive Technologies (DESCRT) is a prospective cohort study that aims to: establish a biobank and epidemiological cohort of children born to subfertile or infertile parents who either conceived spontaneously (without assistance) or used reproductive technologies to conceive (all offspring were from couples assessed and/or treated in the same institute); prospectively examine the effects of infertility or ART on the intrauterine environment, obstetric and neonatal outcomes; and determine what parental factors or ART may influence the cardiometabolic risk of children so conceived. Pregnancies and resultant children will be compared by mode of conception, namely offspring that were conceived without medical assistance or SC or following NIFT, IVF with fresh embryo transfer or frozen embryo transfer (FET), and by fertilization method (conventional versus ICSI). DESCRT has a Child group evaluating long-term outcomes of children as well as a Pregnancy group that will compare obstetric and neonatal outcomes of children conceived since the commencement of the study. Recruitment started in May of 2017 and is ongoing. When the study began, we estimated that ∼4000 children would be eligible for enrollment. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS SETTING METHODS Eligible participants are first-trimester pregnancies (Pregnancy group) or children (Child group) born to parents who were evaluated at an infertility center in the University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA who were SC or conceived after reproductive treatments (NIFT, IVF ± ICSI, FET). Children in the Child group were conceived at UCSF and born from 2001 onwards. In the Pregnancy group, enrollment began in November of 2017.The primary outcome is the cardiometabolic health of offspring in the Child group, as measured by blood pressure and laboratory data (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), oral glucose disposition). There are several secondary outcome measures, including: outcomes from parental survey response (assessing parent/child medical history since delivery-incidence of cardiometabolic adverse events), anthropomorphic measurements (BMI, waist circumference, skinfold thickness), and laboratory data (liver enzymes, lipid panel, metabolomic profiles). In the Pregnancy group, outcomes include laboratory assessments (bhCG, maternal serum analytes, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT-1), and placental growth factor (PlGF)) and placental assessments (placental volume in the second and third trimester and placental weight at delivery). Importantly, aliquots of blood and urine are stored from parents and offspring as part of a biobank. The DESCRT cohort is unique in two ways. First, there is an extensive amount of clinical and laboratory treatment data: parental medical history and physical examination at the time of treatment, along with ovarian reserve and infertility diagnosis; and treatment specifics: for example, fertilization method, culture O2 status, embryo quality linked to each participant. These reproductive data will aid in identifying explanatory variables that may influence the primary cardiometabolic outcomes of the offspring-and their parents. Second, the DESCRT control group includes pregnancies and children SC from parents with subfertility, which may help to assess when infertility, as opposed to reproductive treatments, may be affecting offspring cardiometabolic health. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study is funded by the National Institutes of Health NICHD (1R01HD084380-01A1). A.J.A. is a shareholder in Carrot and consultant for Flo Health. The other authors have no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03799107. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE 10 January 2019. DATE OF FIRST PATIENT’S ENROLLMENT 10 May 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Adeleye
- Correspondence address. Section of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2050, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. E-mail:
| | - L Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - P Rinaudo
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Huang
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - R H Lustig
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M I Cedars
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Callegari IOM, Rocha GZ, Oliveira AG. Physical exercise, health, and disease treatment: The role of macrophages. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1061353. [PMID: 37179836 PMCID: PMC10166825 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1061353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclinical inflammation is linked to comorbidities and risk factors, consolidating the diagnosis of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, hepatic steatosis, and some types of cancer. In this context, the role of macrophages is highlighted as a marker of inflammation as well as for the high power of plasticity of these cells. Macrophages can be activated in a wide range between classical or proinflammatory, named M1, and alternative or anti-inflammatory, also known as M2 polarization. All nuances between M1 and M2 macrophages orchestrate the immune response by secreting different sets of chemokines, while M1 cells promote Th1 response, the M2 macrophages recruit Th2 and Tregs lymphocytes. In turn, physical exercise has been a faithful tool in combating the proinflammatory phenotype of macrophages. This review proposes to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms in which physical exercise can help control inflammation and infiltration of macrophages within the non-communicable diseases scope. During obesity progress, proinflammatory macrophages predominate in adipose tissue inflammation, which reduces insulin sensitivity until the development of type 2 diabetes, progression of atherosclerosis, and diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this case, physical activity restores the balance between the proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory macrophage ratio, reducing the level of meta-inflammation. In the case of cancer, the tumor microenvironment is compatible with a high level of hypoxia, which contributes to the advancement of the disease. However, exercise increases the level of oxygen supply, favoring macrophage polarization in favor of disease regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irineu O. M. Callegari
- Department of Physical Education, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Z. Rocha
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G. Oliveira
- Department of Physical Education, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Wasniewska M, Pepe G, Aversa T, Bellone S, de Sanctis L, Di Bonito P, Faienza MF, Improda N, Licenziati MR, Maffeis C, Maguolo A, Patti G, Predieri B, Salerno M, Stagi S, Street ME, Valerio G, Corica D, Calcaterra V. Skeptical Look at the Clinical Implication of Metabolic Syndrome in Childhood Obesity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10040735. [PMID: 37189984 DOI: 10.3390/children10040735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by a cluster of several cardio-metabolic risk factors, specifically visceral obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose metabolism, which together increase risks of developing future cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). This article is a narrative review of the literature and a summary of the main observations, conclusions, and perspectives raised in the literature and the study projects of the Working Group of Childhood Obesity (WGChO) of the Italian Society of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (ISPED) on MetS in childhood obesity. Although there is an agreement on the distinctive features of MetS, no international diagnostic criteria in a pediatric population exist. Moreover, to date, the prevalence of MetS in childhood is not certain and thus the true value of diagnosis of MetS in youth as well as its clinical implications, is unclear. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the pathogenesis and current role of MetS in children and adolescents with particular reference to applicability in clinical practice in childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Wasniewska
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgia Pepe
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Tommaso Aversa
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bellone
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Luisa de Sanctis
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Procolo Di Bonito
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Santa Maria delle Grazie" Hospital, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Improda
- Neuro-Endocrine Diseases and Obesity Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Licenziati
- Neuro-Endocrine Diseases and Obesity Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Alice Maguolo
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Patti
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genova, 16128 Genova, Italy
| | - Barbara Predieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, Pediatric Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Mariacarolina Salerno
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Stagi
- Health Sciences Department, University of Florence and Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabeth Street
- Unit of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giuliana Valerio
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Napoli "Parthenope", 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Domenico Corica
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Pediatrics, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital, 20157 Milano, Italy
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Tsakiridis EE, Morrow MR, Desjardins EM, Wang D, Llanos A, Wang B, Wade MG, Morrison KM, Holloway AC, Steinberg GR. Effects of the pesticide deltamethrin on high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in male mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 176:113763. [PMID: 37030334 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, rates of metabolic diseases are rapidly increasing and environmental exposure to pesticides, pollutants and/or other chemicals may play a role. Reductions in Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, mediated in part by uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), are associated with metabolic diseases. In the current study, we investigated whether the pesticide deltamethrin (0.01-1 mg/kg bw/day) incorporated into a high-fat diet and fed to mice housed at either room temperature (21 °C) or thermoneutrality (29 °C) would suppress BAT activity and accelerate the development of metabolic disease. Importantly, thermoneutrality allows for more accurate modeling of human metabolic disease. We found that, 0.01mg/kg bw/day of deltamethrin induced weight loss, improved insulin sensitivity and increased energy expenditure, effects that were associated with increases in physical activity. In contrast, exposure to 0.1 and 1 mg/kg bw/day deltamethrin had no effect on any of the parameters examined. Deltamethrin treatment in mice did not alter molecular markers of BAT thermogenesis, despite observing suppression of UCP1 expression in cultured brown adipocytes. These data indicate that while deltamethrin inhibits UCP1 expression in vitro, 16wks exposure does not alter BAT thermogenesis markers nor exacerbates the development of obesity and insulin resistance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia E Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marisa R Morrow
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Eric M Desjardins
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Llanos
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bo Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Crouzet T, Grignard E, Brion F, Blanc EB, Podechard N, Langouet S, Alonso-Magdalena P, Hubert P, Kim MJ, Audouze K. ReadEDTest: A tool to assess the readiness of in vitro test methods under development for identifying endocrine disruptors. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 174:107910. [PMID: 37028267 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that endocrine disruptors (EDs), known to affect the reproductive system, may also disturb other hormone-regulated functions leading to cancers, neurodevelopmental defects, metabolic and immune diseases. To reduce exposure to EDs and limit their health effects, development of screening and mechanism-based assays to identify EDs is encouraged. Nevertheless, the crucial validation step of test methods by regulatory bodies is a time- and resource-consuming process. One of the main raisons of this long duration process is that method developers, mainly researchers, are not fully aware of the regulatory needs to validate a test. We propose an online self-assessment questionnaire (SAQ) called ReadEDTest easy to be used by all researchers. The aim of ReadEDTest is to speed up the validation process by assessing readiness criteria of in vitro and fish embryo ED test methods under development. The SAQ is divided into 7 sections and 13 sub-sections containing essential information requested by the validating bodies. The readiness of the tests can be assessed by specific score limits for each sub-section. Results are displayed via a graphical representation to help identification of the sub-sections having sufficient or insufficient information. The relevance of the proposed innovative tool was supported using two test methods already validated by the OECD and four under development test methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Crouzet
- Université Paris Cité, T3S, Inserm UMR S-1124, F-75006 Paris, France
| | | | - François Brion
- INERIS, Ecotoxicologie des substances et des milieux (ESMI), UMR I-02 SEBIO, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Etienne B Blanc
- Université Paris Cité, T3S, Inserm UMR S-1124, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Normand Podechard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Langouet
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | | | - Min Ji Kim
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, T3S, Inserm UMR S-1124, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Karine Audouze
- Université Paris Cité, T3S, Inserm UMR S-1124, F-75006 Paris, France.
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50
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Vieyra G, Hankinson SE, Oulhote Y, Vandenberg LN, Tinker L, Manson JE, Shadyab AH, Thomson CA, Bao W, Allison M, Odegaard AO, Reeves KW. Association between urinary phthalate biomarker concentrations and adiposity among postmenopausal women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 222:115356. [PMID: 36706896 PMCID: PMC9974871 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a leading risk factor for chronic diseases, potentially related to excess abdominal adiposity. Phthalates are environmental chemicals that have been suggested to act as obesogens, driving obesity risk. For the associations between phthalates and adiposity, prior studies have focused primarily on body mass index. We hypothesize that more refined measures of adiposity and fat distribution may provide greater insights into these associations given the role of central adiposity in chronic disease risk. OBJECTIVES To evaluate associations between urinary phthalate biomarkers and both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT and SAT) among postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). METHODS We included 1125 WHI participants with available, coincident measurements of urinary phthalate biomarkers (baseline, year 3) and VAT and SAT (baseline, year 3, year 6). VAT and SAT measurements were estimated from DXA scans. Multilevel mixed-effects models estimated the prospective associations between urinary phthalate biomarkers at baseline and VAT and SAT three years later. RESULTS In multivariable adjusted models, we observed positive associations between some phthalate biomarkers, including the sum of di-isobutyl phthalate (ΣDiBP) biomarkers, MCNP, and ΣDEHP, with VAT three years later. For example, we observed positive associations between concentrations of ΣDiBP and VAT (Q4 vs Q1 β = 7.15, 95% CI -1.76-16.06; Q3 vs Q1 β = 10.94, 95% CI 3.55-18.33). Associations were generally attenuated but remained significant after additional adjustment for SAT. MBzP was positively associated with SAT. Other phthalate biomarkers investigated (MEP, MCOP, MCPP, ΣDBP) were not significantly associated with VAT or SAT. DISCUSSION Based on robust measures of adiposity, this study provides supportive evidence that higher urinary concentrations of select phthalate compounds were associated with higher VAT levels over time in postmenopausal women. Efforts to replicate these findings are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Vieyra
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Youssef Oulhote
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Lesley Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia A Thomson
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Wei Bao
- Institute of Public Health, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Matthew Allison
- Department of Family Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew O Odegaard
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Katherine W Reeves
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
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