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Jorge BC, Reis ACC, Stein J, Paschoalini BR, Bueno JN, da Silva Moreira S, Godoi AR, Fioravante VC, Martinez FE, Pinheiro PFF, Arena AC. A low dose of benzo(a)pyrene during prepuberty in male rats generated immediate oxidative stress in the testes and compromised steroidogenic enzymes/proteins. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 124:108549. [PMID: 38278498 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The prepubertal period is crucial for sexual development and any alterations can interfere with the reproductive system in adulthood. The aim of this study was to evaluate how Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) can affect the testes during the prepubertal period. Juvenile male Wistar rats were divided into a control (corn oil + DMSO) and a BaP-group (0.1 μg/kg/day), exposed to BaP for 31 days (gavage), and all parameters were evaluated on postnatal day (PND) 54. Leukocyte counts were decreased. Histological analyses of the testes revealed that height and seminiferous tubules diameters (STDs) were reduced, tubular dynamics were altered, and Leydig cell atrophy was evident in the BaP-group. The testosterone concentration was decreased while FSH levels increased within the BaP-exposed group. Steroidogenic enzymes in the testes were decreased, but steroidogenic acute regulatory protein was not altered. The expression of gstp1 and ckit enzymes was decreased. Reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased in the testes. In conclusion, BaP or its metabolites causes low systemic toxicity; however, it adversely influences testicular function by disrupting the hormonal axis, unbalancing testicular antioxidative, and blocking the action of the steroidogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara C Jorge
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana C C Reis
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Stein
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz R Paschoalini
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jéssica N Bueno
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suyane da Silva Moreira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alana R Godoi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C Fioravante
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco E Martinez
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia F F Pinheiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arielle C Arena
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; Information and Toxicological Assistance Center (CIATOX), Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
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Camacho-Jiménez L, González-Ruiz R, Yepiz-Plascencia G. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in marine crustaceans: Bioaccumulation, physiological and cellular responses. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 192:106184. [PMID: 37769555 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are ubiquitous in marine ecosystems. These compounds can be accumulated in water, sediments and organisms, persist in time, and have toxic effects in human and wildlife. POPs can be uptaken and bioaccumulated by crustaceans, affecting different physiological processes, including energy metabolism, immunity, osmoregulation, excretion, growth, and reproduction. Nonetheless, animals have evolved sub-cellular mechanisms for detoxification and protection from chemical stress. POPs induce the activity of enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and antioxidant systems, that in vertebrates are importantly regulated at gene expression (transcriptional) level. However, the activation and control of these enzyme systems upon the exposure to POPs have been scarcely studied in invertebrate species, including crustaceans. Herein, we summarize various aspects of the bioaccumulation of POPs in marine crustaceans and their physiological effects. We specially focus on the regulation of xenobiotics metabolism and antioxidant enzymes as key sub-cellular mechanisms for detoxification and protection from chemical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Camacho-Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD, A.C.), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico.
| | - Ricardo González-Ruiz
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C. (IPICYT A.C.), Camino a La Presa de San José 2055, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, 78216, Mexico
| | - Gloria Yepiz-Plascencia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD, A.C.), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
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Afsa S, De Marco G, Cristaldi A, Giannetto A, Galati M, Billè B, Conti GO, Ben Mansour H, Ferrante M, Cappello T. Single and combined effects of caffeine and salicylic acid on mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis: Changes at histomorphological, molecular and biochemical levels. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023:104167. [PMID: 37286067 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine (CAF) and salicylic acid (SA) are frequently detected in waterbody, though information on their biological impact is poor. This work assesses the effects of CAF (5ng/L to 10µg/L) and SA (0.05µg/L to 100µg/L) alone and combined as CAF+SA (5ng/L+0.05µg/L to 10µg/L+100µg/L) on mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis under 12-days exposure by histomorphology of digestive gland and oxidative stress defense at molecular and biochemical levels. Besides evaluating tissue accumulation, absence of histomorphological damage and haemocyte infiltration highlighted activation of defensive mechanisms. Up-regulation of Cu/Zn-sod, Mn-sod, cat and gst combined with increased catalase and glutathione S-transferase activity were found in CAF-exposed mussels, while SA reduced ROS production and mitochondrial activity. CAF+SA exposure induced differential responses, and the integrated biomarker response (IBR) revealed more pronounced effects of SA than CAF. These results enlarge knowledge on pharmaceuticals impact on non-target organisms, emphasizing the need for proper environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrine Afsa
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to The Environment - APAE (UR17ES32) Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Giuseppe De Marco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Cristaldi
- Environmental and Food Hygiene (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessia Giannetto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Galati
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Barbara Billè
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Environmental and Food Hygiene (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to The Environment - APAE (UR17ES32) Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Environmental and Food Hygiene (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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Lanzarin GAB, Venâncio CAS, Félix LM, Monteiro SM. Evaluation of the developmental effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide complexed with copper, zinc, and manganese metals in zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136430. [PMID: 36113654 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) has increased dramatically, being currently the most used herbicides worldwide. Glyphosate acts as a chelating agent, capable of chelate metals. The synergistic effects of metals and agrochemicals may pose an environmental problem as they have been shown to induce neurological abnormalities and behavioural changes in aquatic species. However, as their ecotoxicity effects are poorly understood, evaluating the impacts of GBH complexed with metals is an ecological priority. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the potentially toxic effects caused by exposure to a GBH (1 μg a.i. mL-1), alone or complexed with metals (Copper, Manganese, and Zinc (100 μg L-1)), at environmentally relevant concentrations, during the early period of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo development (96 h post-fertilization), a promising model for in vivo developmental studies. To clarify the mechanisms of toxicity involved, lethal and sublethal development endpoints were assessed. At the end of the exposure, biochemical and cell death parameters were evaluated and, 24 h later, different behavioural responses were assessed. The results showed that metals induced higher levels of toxicity. Copper caused high mortality, low hatching, malformations, and changes in biochemical parameters, such as decreased Catalase (CAT) activity, increased Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione S-Transferase (GST), reduced Glutathione (GSH) and decreased Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, also inducing apoptosis and changes in larval behaviour. Manganese increased the activity of SODs enzymes. Zinc increased mortality, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, superoxide dismutase activity (SODs) and caused a decrease in AChE activity. Embryos/larvae exposed to the combination of GBH/Metal also showed teratogenic effects during their development but in smaller proportions than the metal alone. Although more studies are needed, the results suggest that GBH may interfere with the mechanisms of metal toxicity at the biochemical, physiological, and behavioural levels of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germano A B Lanzarin
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Carlos A S Venâncio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Animal Science, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, University of Trás-os Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís M Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, University of Trás-os Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sandra M Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, University of Trás-os Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
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Wang C, Tang M, Chen Y, Liu D, Xie S, Zou J, Tang H, Li Q, Zhou A. Expression of genes related to antioxidation, immunity, and heat stress in Gambusia affinis exposed to the heavy metals Cu and Zn. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114269. [PMID: 36343450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution is an increasingly serious problem. Here, Cu and Zn ions were used as stress factors, and G. affinis served as a test organism. Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect changes in the expression of antioxidant genes (SOD, GST, CAT), heat stress genes (Hsp70, Hsp90, Hspd1, Hsc70), and immune system-related genes (IL-1β, IL-8) in G. affinis exposed to Cu and Zn ions over time. To explore the toxic effects of Cu and Zn on G. affinis. The results showed that the 48 h LC50 concentrations of the heavy metals Cu and Zn to G. affinis were 0.17 mg/L and 44.67 mg/L, respectively. Within 48 h, with prolonged Cu exposure, the relative expression levels of the Hsp70, Hsp90, Hspd1, Hsc70, SOD, GST, and CAT genes in the gill tissue first showed a significant increase and then gradually decreased. Gene expression peaked between 9 and 36 h. The relative expression levels of SOD and GST genes in liver tissue showed a gradual decline. Within 48 h, with prolonged Zn exposure, the expression levels of SOD, CAT, and GST genes in G. affinis first increased and then fell before finally rising. The expression levels of IL-1β and IL-8 mRNA showed varying degrees of upward trends, and the expression of IL-8 was the highest for all gill tissue. To sum up, Cu and Zn have strong toxic effects on G. affinis, which makes it possible to use G. affinis as indicator organisms for aquatic environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Manfei Tang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yuliang Chen
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Dingrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Shaolin Xie
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jixing Zou
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Huijuan Tang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Qibiao Li
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Agricultural Science Research Institute of Lianshan Zhuang and Yao Autonomous County, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511540, China.
| | - Aiguo Zhou
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Characterization of Copper/Zinc Superoxide Dismutase Activity on Phascolosoma esculenta (Sipuncula: Phascolosomatidea) and Its Protection from Oxidative Stress Induced by Cadmium. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012136. [PMID: 36292990 PMCID: PMC9602484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phascolosoma esculenta, an economically important species inhabiting the high tide areas of the intertidal zone, is particularly sensitive to water pollution. Considering its potential as a bioindicator, studies on the ecotoxicology of P. esculenta are imperative. The toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) were analyzed by exposing P. esculenta to different concentrations of Cd (6, 24, 96 mg/L). In this study, the changes in the antioxidative indexes of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione s-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), and microscale malondialdehyde (MDA) were recorded. Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) is one of the most important free radical scavenging members. To reveal the antioxidative function of P. esculenta, an important member of the antioxidative system, designated Pe-Cu/Zn SOD, was cloned and analyzed. Phylogenic analysis revealed that Pe-Cu/Zn SOD was located in the invertebrate evolutionary branch of intracellular Cu/Zn SOD (icCu/Zn SOD). The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that Pe-Cu/Zn SOD messenger ribonucleic acid was widely expressed in all tissues examined. The highest expression levels in coelomic fluid after Cd exposure indicated its function in the stress response. Using a prokaryotic expression system, we obtained a Pe-Cu/Zn SOD recombinant protein, which enhanced the heavy metal tolerance of Escherichia coli. In vivo assays also confirmed that the Pe-Cu/Zn SOD recombinant protein had an antioxidative and free radical scavenging ability. A Cd toxicity experiment, in which purified Pe-Cu/Zn SOD protein was injected into the body cavities of P. esculenta, showed that the reactive oxygen species content in the coelomic fluid of the experimental group was significantly lower compared with the control group. These results suggest that Pe-Cu/Zn SOD played a role in Cd detoxification by chelating heavy metal ions and scavenging reactive oxygen free radicals, and that P. esculenta could be used as a bioindicator to evaluate heavy metal pollution.
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Feng D, Gao X, Kong W, Wu Z, Yan C, Liu Y, Xing K, Sun Y, Zhang J. An extracellular Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase from Neocaridina denticulata sinensis: cDNA cloning, mRNA expression and characterizations of recombinant protein. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:547-556. [PMID: 35998869 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neocaridina denticulata sinensis possesses characters of rapid growth, tenacious vitality, short growth cycle, transparent, and easy feeding. Therefore, it is gradually being developed into an animal model for basic research on decapod crustaceans. Herein, a Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), named as Nd-ecCu/Zn-SOD, was identified and characterized from N. denticulata sinensis. The full-length cDNA sequence of Nd-ecCu/Zn-SOD is 829 bp containing a 684 bp open reading frame, which encodes a protein of 227 amino acid residues with a typical Sod_Cu domain. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that Nd-ecCu/Zn-SOD mRNA was expressed in all the tested tissues. Under challenge with copper, the mRNA expression of Nd-ecCu/Zn-SOD reached the maximum at 6 h, and decreased until 24 h. After 24 h of exposure, its expression was up-regulated significantly at 36 h. After then its expression sharply decreased with a comeback at 48 h. The result indicated that Nd-ecCu/Zn-SOD might play an important role in the stress response of N. denticulata sinensis. The expression of Nd-ecCu/Zn-SOD in gills challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus changed in a time-dependent manner. Nd-ecCu/Zn-SOD was lowly expressed in early developmental stages by RNA-Seq technology, yet it showed that a cyclical rise and fall occurred between middle stages and late stages. In addition, Nd-ecCu/Zn-SOD was recombinantly expressed using E. coli and the recombinant protein was purified as a single band on SDS-PAGE. The recombinant Nd-ecCu/Zn-SOD (rNd-ecCu/Zn-SOD) existed enzymatic activity under a wide range of temperature and pH. The exposure of metal ions was found that Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, and Cu2+ could inhibit the enzymatic activity of rNd-ecCu/Zn-SOD, and Mn2+ increased the enzymatic activity of rNd-ecCu/Zn-SOD. These results indicate that Nd-ecCu/Zn-SOD may play a pivotal role in resistant against oxidative damage and act as a biomarker under stressful environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Xi Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Weihua Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Congcong Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Kefan Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yuying Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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8
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Chen X, Wang D, Peng LB, Song HZ, Xiang LP, Yu HX, Zheng JL, Zhu QL. Genome-wide identification of seven superoxide dismutase genes in the marine rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis and modulated expression and enzymatic activity in response to microplastics and nutritional status. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 243:106055. [PMID: 34954476 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution has attracted worldwide attention. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a sensitive indicator for assessing the toxic effects of MPs in aquatic organisms. However, few studies have been performed to identify all genes encoding SOD in aquatic invertebrates. Especially, effects of MPs on SOD activity and expression in aquatic organisms under starvation or a subsequent refeeding status are unclear. In the present study, all full-length genes encoding SOD were cloned and characterized from the marine rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis, including CuZnSOD1, CuZnSOD2, CuZnSOD3, CuZnSOD4, CuZnSOD5, MnSOD1, and MnSOD2. The CuZnSOD1, CuZnSOD2 and MnSOD2 are homologous to SODs from vertebrates and the other SOD proteins are rotifer-specific according to the results from the phylogenetic tree. The conserved signature sequences and binding sites of Cu2+, Zn2+and Mn2+ were also identified in the seven SOD proteins. Compared with feeding, starvation down-regulated SOD activity and mRNA expression of CuZnSOD2, CuZnSOD4, CuZnSOD5, MnSOD1 and MnSOD2 while refeeding maintained SOD activity comparable to the feeding level and up-regulated CuZnSOD5 and MnSOD2. Intake of MPs by B. rotundiformis was observed by examining fluorescence signals from the fluorescently-labeled microplastics under different nutritional status. Exposure to MPs reduced rotifer density and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and SOD activity in the rotifers under the refeeding condition, but did not affect these indicators under the feeding and starvation conditions. However, mRNA expression of some tested genes was responsive to MPs in the fed, starved and refed rotifers. The present study for the first time demonstrated a nutritional status-dependent effect of MPs on oxidative stress response, and provided more sensitive molecular biomarkers for assessing the toxicity of MPs using B. rotundiformis as a model animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Dan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Li-Bin Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Hong-Zi Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Xiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Han-Xiu Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Jia-Lang Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Qing-Ling Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China.
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Abarghouei S, Hedayati A, Raeisi M, Hadavand BS, Rezaei H, Abed-Elmdoust A. Size-dependent effects of microplastic on uptake, immune system, related gene expression and histopathology of goldfish (Carassius auratus). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:129977. [PMID: 33684862 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Todays, with the industrialization of human societies, pollution of aquatic ecosystems with plastics derivatives are a serious concern, affecting the life of their organisms. The present study was conducted to investigate the size effects of micro-plastic, polystyrene on some physiological lesions of the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Fish were exposed to two sizes (0.25 and 8 μm) polystyrene at different environmentally relevant concentrations. The exposure trial was done in two steps. First, fish exposed to a stable concentration of 300 mg/L polystyrene for 168 h. Gill, intestine, and liver tissues were sampled every 24 h to investigate the accumulation of polystyrene. Then, fish were exposed in three replicates to 0 (control), 0.05, 0.5, and 5 mg/L polystyrene in two sizes of 0.25 and 8 μm for 28 days. After the exposure period, gill, liver, and intestine tissues were sampled for histological study, also, serum samples were collected for biochemical assays. Fluorescent microscope observations confirmed the accumulation of polystyrene in tissue samples with time. In addition, histological lesions were found in the liver, intestine, and gill of the exposed fish. The severity of lesions showed a size and dose-dependent pattern. Polystyrene induced the antioxidant system of exposed fish through elevating the levels of SOD and CAT activity and significant difference in expression of antioxidant related genes (CAT, SOD and HSP70). In conclusion, the results of the present study confirmed the toxic effects of microplastic, polystyrene on goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoura Abarghouei
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Hedayati
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Raeisi
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Hasan Rezaei
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fishery and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Amirreza Abed-Elmdoust
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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10
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Ruan L, Lin W, Shi H, Wang C, Chen D, Zou C, Ren J, Li X. Characterization of a novel extracellular Cu Zn superoxide dismutase from Rimicaris exoculata living around deep-sea hydrothermal vent. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:2346-2356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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11
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Molecular characterization, purification, and antioxidant activity of recombinant superoxide dismutase from the Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:115. [PMID: 32661581 PMCID: PMC7359182 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02892-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an acidic metalloenzyme that scavenges free radicals produced by endogenous and exogenous substances. In the present study, the tissue distribution of the superoxide dismutase HdhCu/Zn-SOD was investigated in Haliotis discus hannai Ino. The expression profile after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). To study the antioxidant activity of a recombinant HdhCu/Zn-SOD protein, the HdhCu/Zn-SOD gene was cloned into the pPIC9K vector and transformed into the Pichia pastoris GS115 strain by electroporation. After induction by methanol, the recombinant product was purified using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and confirmed using mass spectrometry. The optimal expression conditions were determined to be incubation with 0.5% methanol at pH 6.0, resulting in a stable expressed product with the molecular weight of approximately 17 kDa and 21 kDa. The enzymatic activity of HdhCu/Zn-SOD consistently increased with increasing Cu2+ concentrations and showed good thermal stability. Recombinant HdhCu/Zn-SOD showed a strong ability to scavenge superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals and protected L929 cells against the toxicity caused by H2O2 through its in vitro antioxidant activity. The heterologous expression of HdhCu/Zn-SOD in P. pastoris and the antioxidant activity of this enzyme are reported for the first time.
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12
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Zhang HC, Yang YJ, Ma KX, Shi CY, Chen GW, Liu DZ. A novel sigma class glutathione S-transferase gene in freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica: cloning, characterization and protective effects in herbicide glyphosate stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:295-304. [PMID: 32088881 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As the top-selling herbicide in the world, glyphosate distributes widely in natural environment and its influence on the ecological security and human health has attracted more and more concern. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a well-characterized superfamily of isoenzymes for cellular defense against exogenous toxic substances and therefore protect organisms from injury. In this study, the complete cDNA sequence of GST gene (named as Dja-GST) in freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica was firstly cloned by means of RACE method. The full-length Dja-GST comprises of 706 nucleotides which encodes a polypeptide of 200 amino acids. Dja-GST has two representative GST domains at the N- and C-termini. The conservative GST-N domain includes G-site Y8, F9, R14, W39, K43, P52 and S64, while the variable GST-C domain contains H-site K104, V156, D159 and L161. Sequence analysis, phylogenetic tree reconstruction and multiple alignment collectively indicate that Dja-GST belongs to the Sigma class of GST superfamily. Also, GST gene expression profile, GST enzymatic activity and MDA content in response to glyphosate exposure were systematically investigated and the correlations among them were analyzed. The results suggest that glyphosate exposure modified the mRNA transcription and enzymatic activity of GST, as well as the MDA content in planarians, indicating that Dja-GST might play an important part in organisms defending against oxidative stress induced by glyphosate. This work lays a molecular foundation for further exploring the exact functions of Dja-GST and gives an important implication for evaluating the ecological environment effects of herbicide glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Cai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yu-Juan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Ke-Xue Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Chang-Ying Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Guang-Wen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
| | - De-Zeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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13
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Weijie M, Chongnv W, Xuming P, Weixin J, Yuhang W, Benhui S. TiO 2 nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes monitoring and bioremediation potential using ciliates Pseudocohnilembus persalinus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109825. [PMID: 31677570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the release of nanomaterials pollutants to water bodies, to a great extent, attributed to anthropogenic activities. Their impacts on aquatic organisms as well as nanomaterial monitoring and bioremediation using organism have drawn much attentions. However, studies on relationship of nano-contaminants and aquatic organisms are very scarce. Our results showed that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) and Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) caused an obvious cell decreases on the whole, but a significant increase at 48 h TiO2-NPs exposure, indicating a resistant mechanism in ciliates for nano-toxic. Besides, MWCNTs was more toxic to Pseudocohnilembus persalinus than that of TiO2-NPs in terms of EC50 value. It is firstly found that P. persalinus ingested and released TiO2-NPs through cytostome and cytoproct, which might be the reason that TiO2-NPs less toxic than MWCNTs. The significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activities and expression levels were evaluated by reactive oxygen species ROS generation, which demonstrated that P. persalinus antioxidant defense enzyme played roles on nano-toxic resistant in ciliates. Moreover, the integrated biomarker response (IBR) was also determined, which demonstrated that MWCNTs had comparatively higher values than those of TiO2-NPs after higher concentration exposure to ciliates. In addition, it was confirmed by the present work that sod, gst and cat played different roles on immunity, and the sensitivity of cat gene expression to these two nanomaterials exposure was dissimilar. Damages of shrunk as well as losses of cilia on the cell surface caused by TiO2-NPs and MWCNTs exposure in P. persalinus using SEM revealed possible physical hazards of aggregated nanomaterials. Our findings will be helpful to understand the effect mechanisms of NPs on ciliates, and also demonstrated the possibility of P. persalinus as bio-indicator of nanomaterials in aquatic and potentials on bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Weijie
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
| | - Wang Chongnv
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Pan Xuming
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Jin Weixin
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Wang Yuhang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Shi Benhui
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
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Wang B, Liu G, Wang C, Ruan Z, Wang Q, Wang B, Qiu L, Zou S, Zhang X, Zhang L. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase from jellyfish Cyanea capillata. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 144:1-8. [PMID: 31836391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We identified and characterized a novel superoxide dismutase (SOD), designated as CcSOD1, from the cDNA library from the tentacle tissue of the jellyfish Cyanea capillata. The full-length cDNA sequence of CcSOD1 consists of 745 nucleotides with an open reading frame encoding a mature protein of 154 amino acids, sharing a predicted structure similar to the typical Cu/Zn-SODs. The CcSOD1 coding sequence was cloned into the expression vector pET-24a and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) pLysS. The recombinant protein rCcSOD1 was purified by HisTrap High Performance chelating column chromatography and analyzed for its biological function. Our results showed that the purified rCcSOD1 could inhibit superoxide anion and keep active in a pH interval of 4.5-9 and a temperature interval of 10-70°C. Even when heated at 70°C for 60 min, rCcSOD1 retained 100% activity, indicating a relatively high thermostability. These results suggest that CcSOD1 protein may play an important role in protecting jellyfish from oxidative damage and can serve as a new resource for antioxidant products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Characteristic Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road No.800, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guoyan Liu
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Characteristic Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road No.800, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Characteristic Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road No.800, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zengliang Ruan
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Road 2 No.74, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Characteristic Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road No.800, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Beilei Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Characteristic Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road No.800, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Leilei Qiu
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Characteristic Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road No.800, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuaijun Zou
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Characteristic Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road No.800, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiping Zhang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics, the Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital, Xiangya Medical College CSU, South Changjiang Road No.116, Changsha 412007, China.
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Characteristic Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road No.800, Shanghai 200433, China.
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15
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Jiang M, Zhao C, Yan R, Li J, Song W, Peng R, Han Q, Jiang X. Continuous Inking Affects the Biological and Biochemical Responses of Cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1429. [PMID: 31849695 PMCID: PMC6896823 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several marine mollusks, including cephalopods (cuttlefish, squid, and octopus) and gastropods (e.g., sea hares), can release a colored ink secretion when chased by predators or stimulated. Ink release is part of a defensive response, but the threshold for the biochemical responses caused by stimulation is unknown. The present study aimed to reveal antipredator responses of cuttlefish, such as escaping via inking and/or jetting, and to investigate its biological and biochemical responses to continuous ink release. Results showed that the behavioral responses to continuous ink release mainly manifested as blazing body pattern changes. Cuttlefish escaped from predators covered by jetting/inking and warned the potential threats by displaying a unique body pattern. Moreover, persistent inking in the presence of an overt stimulus caused uncontrollable ink release from the ink duct/anal canal (loss of control). This study first verified the characteristics of the cuttlefish ink solution, prepared a standard curve of ink solution concentrations, and fitted the relationship function between the release frequency and the released ink weight. Biological statistics indicated that cuttlefish has the ability to continuously release ink (releasing ∼90% of the ink from the ink sac) and that the individuals adapted well during the recovery period. However, re-releasing ink would result in "overexploitation" and high mortality. Hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration increased or remained stable in different tissues after releasing ink. The expression of heat shock protein 90 and arginine kinase (AK) were upregulated by stimuli in all tissues. Biochemical changes indicated that continuous inking not only consumed considerable energy but also damaged the tissues. In summary, cuttlefish released almost 90% of their ink for active defense against predators, and it took ∼30 days for the ink sac to be refilled, but "overexploitation" resulted in serious physiological damage. These findings will be helpful to further study the defense and ink release mechanisms and to consider animal health and welfare when using cephalopods as experimental animals and for aquaculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiamin Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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16
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Sahlmann A, Lode T, Heuschele J, Borgå K, Titelman J, Hylland K. Genotoxic Response and Mortality in 3 Marine Copepods Exposed to Waterborne Copper. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:2224-2232. [PMID: 31343775 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace metal, but may also be toxic to aquatic organisms. Although many studies have investigated the cytotoxicity of Cu, little is known about the in vivo genotoxic potential of Cu in marine invertebrates. We investigated the genotoxicity of Cu in 2 pelagic calanoid copepods, Acartia tonsa and Temora longicornis, and the intertidal harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus brevicornis by exposing them for 6 and 72 h to waterborne Cu (0, 6, and 60 µg Cu/L). A subsequent 24-h period in filtered seawater was used to investigate delayed effects or recovery. Genotoxicity was evaluated as DNA strand breaks in individual copepods using the comet assay. Copper did not increase DNA strand breaks in any of the species at any concentration or time point. The treatment did, however, cause 100% mortality in A. tonsa following exposure to 60 µg Cu/L. Acartia tonsa and T. longicornis were more susceptible to Cu-induced mortality than the benthic harpacticoid T. brevicornis, which appeared to be unaffected by the treatments. The results show major differences in Cu susceptibility among the 3 copepods and also that acute toxicity of Cu to A. tonsa is not directly associated with genotoxicity. We also show that the comet assay can be used to quantify genotoxicity in individual copepods. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2224-2232. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Torben Lode
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Heuschele
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ketil Hylland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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17
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Gu B, Liang W, Yang T, Hu Z, Shen H. Metallothionein, hemocyte status and superoxide dismutase/aspartate aminotransferase activity are sensitive biomarkers of cadmium stress in Onchidium reevesii. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 215:105284. [PMID: 31479758 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal pollution in the environment is a serious threat to the biological sustainability of coastal ecosystems. However, our current understanding of the biological effects of metals in these ecosystems is limited. Herein, we investigated the responses of the sea slug Onchidium reevesii to persistent sublethal Cd environmental stress. Dynamic expression was analyzed using various biomarkers. The full-length cDNA of O. reevesii metallothionein (MT) was cloned and consists of 1639 nucleotides encoding a 65 amino acid polypeptide. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Or-MT has conserved Cys residues typical of MTs, including a typical Cys-X-Cys motif, implying that it can function the same as the MT of other shellfish. Expression of Or-MT in response to Cd varied in different tissues, and was highest in gastropod tissues. Thus, regiotemporal expression of MT may be useful for assessing pollution in coastal areas. Cellular immunity (in the hemolymph) and enzyme activity (in the hepatopancreas) were investigated along with hemocyte viability, hemocyte phagocytosis, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities. Hemocyte viability was elevated under continuous Cd exposure but hemocyte phagocytosis was decreased. SOD and AST activities in the hepatopancreas fluctuated considerably, and SOD activity was more sensitive. SOD activity was lowest at 4 h and highest at 12 h, while AST activity peaked at 2 h and was lowest at 48 h. Thus, changes in enzyme activity may reveal adaptation to stress. Furthermore, the response patterns of certain enzymes, cellular immunity, and MT expression in O. reevesii could serve as biomarkers of Cd pollution in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingning Gu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wei Liang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Tiezhu Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhongjun Hu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Heding Shen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Fahmi A, Hassanen N, Abdur-Rahman M, Shams-Eldin E. Phytochemicals, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect of ginger ( Zingiber officinale) on diethylnitrosamine toxicity in rats. Biomarkers 2019; 24:436-447. [PMID: 30979347 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1606280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Context: Chronic liver damage has serious medical consequences. Objective: To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of dry Zingiber officinale (ginger) and its essential (volatile) oil against diethylnitrosamine (DEN) toxicity in rats. Materials and methods: Phenols and flavonoids components were characterized in dry ginger using HPLC-UV instrument while ginger essential oil (E.O.) was investigated via GC-MS technique. Antioxidant activity was determined in vitro. In rat model, ginger was administrated for 2 months. Lipid profile, antioxidant biomarkers, liver functions and histopathology were assessed. Results: Chlorogenic acid (63.85 ppm) and hesperidin (156.91 ppm) are among the major phenolic and flavonoid constituents in dry ginger. Curcumene (15.21%) and linalool (13.47%) represent the main E.O. constituents. In rats treated with ginger E.O., a significant elevation in serum HDL (31.14%) was accompanied by a decrease in LDL (55.14%). A significant decrease in serum ALT and ALP was reported (56.85% and 53.84%, respectively). Serum GSH-Px activity has significantly increased 75.06%. Meanwhile, E.O. showed anticancer potential against HepG2 cell line (IC50 = 40 µg/mL). Liver histopathological examinations confirmed the protective effect against abnormalities. Conclusion: Ginger was able to reduce the severity of DEN-cytotoxicity in rats, which suggests a novel antioxidant role originating from this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelgawad Fahmi
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| | - Naglaa Hassanen
- b Department of Special Food and Nutrition , Food Technology Research Institute Agriculture Research Center , Giza , Egypt
| | - Mariam Abdur-Rahman
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| | - Engy Shams-Eldin
- b Department of Special Food and Nutrition , Food Technology Research Institute Agriculture Research Center , Giza , Egypt
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Tarrant AM, Nilsson B, Hansen BW. Molecular physiology of copepods - from biomarkers to transcriptomes and back again. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 30:230-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Zhang HC, Ma KX, Yang YJ, Shi CY, Chen GW, Liu DZ. CuZnSOD and MnSOD from freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica: cDNA cloning, mRNA expression and enzyme activity in response to environmental pollutants. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 208:12-19. [PMID: 30597290 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As an important antioxidant enzyme, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) can protect aerobic organisms from oxidative damage through catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. The SODs have been cloned in some species and their dynamic expression or enzymatic activity in response to environmental stressors were investigated. In the current study, the full-length cDNA of two SODs from freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica were firstly cloned (named as DjCuZnSOD and DjMnSOD, respectively). The complete cDNA of DjCuZnSOD consists of 661 nucleotides encoding 186 amino acids while the 765 bp DjMnSOD encodes a polypeptide of 226 residues. Sequence analysis and multiple alignment showed that DjCuZnSOD possesses two CuZnSOD family signature motifs and an N-terminal signal peptide suggesting it is an extracellular secretory protein. DjMnSOD possesses the MnSOD family signature sequence and is predicted to be located in mitochondrion with a mitochondrial targeting sequence. Phylogenetic analysis based on CuZnSOD and MnSOD orthologs from representative species further verified that DjCuZnSOD is an extracellular CuZnSOD while DjMnSOD is a mitochondrial MnSOD. For the purpose of studying their potential role against environmental pollutants, D. japonica were exposed to glyphosate or 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C10mim]Br), and the mRNA expression levels of DjCuZnSOD and DjMnSOD along with total SOD activity were measured. The results showed that DjCuZnSOD exhibited more sensitive expression profiles in response to environmental pollutants in contrast with DjMnSOD, and the total SOD activity in response to both pollutants was more related to the expression level of DjCuZnSOD than to DjMnSOD, indicating that the mRNA expression of CuZnSOD would be a more sensitive biomarker than MnSOD in monitoring the pollution of aquatic environment and CuZnSOD might play more important role than MnSOD in eliminating superoxide anions caused by pollutants in D. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Cai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Ke-Xue Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yu-Juan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Chang-Ying Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Guang-Wen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - De-Zeng Liu
- Institute of Natural Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Science, Harbin 150031, China
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Jeong CB, Kang HM, Lee MC, Byeon E, Park HG, Lee JS. Effects of polluted seawater on oxidative stress, mortality, and reproductive parameters in the marine rotifer Brachionus koreanus and the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 208:39-46. [PMID: 30605868 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although many efforts have been made to understand the toxic effects of metals in aquatic invertebrates, there are limited data regarding metal toxicity in natural ecosystems, as most previous studies were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions. To address this data gap, we analyzed toxic effects and molecular responses in the marine rotifer Brachionus koreanus and the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus following in vivo exposure to a seawater sample collected from a polluted region in South Korea. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis of the field seawater sample found a variety of metals. Exposure to several dilutions of the field seawater sample impacted several endpoints in both species, including mortality and reproduction. Interestingly, the rotifer and copepod test species exhibited different patterns of effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymatic activities, suggesting that different regulatory mechanisms may be activated in the two species in response to exposure to toxic chemicals. Our study helps to better understand the defense mechanisms activated in aquatic invertebrates in response to metal-induced oxidative stress induced by contaminated seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hye-Min Kang
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Min-Chul Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Byeon
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Heum Gi Park
- Department of Marine Resource Development, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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Characteristics of a Novel Manganese Superoxide Dismutase of a Hadal Sea Cucumber ( Paelopatides sp.) from the Mariana Trench. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17020084. [PMID: 30717090 PMCID: PMC6410416 DOI: 10.3390/md17020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel, cold-adapted, and acid-base stable manganese superoxide dismutase (Ps-Mn-SOD) was cloned from hadal sea cucumber Paelopatides sp. The dimeric recombinant enzyme exhibited approximately 60 kDa in molecular weight, expressed activity from 0 °C to 70 °C with an optimal temperature of 0 °C, and resisted wide pH values from 2.2⁻13.0 with optimal activity (> 70%) at pH 5.0⁻12.0. The Km and Vmax of Ps-Mn-SOD were 0.0329 ± 0.0040 mM and 9112 ± 248 U/mg, respectively. At tested conditions, Ps-Mn-SOD was relatively stable in divalent metal ion and other chemicals, such as β-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, Tween 20, Triton X-100, and Chaps. Furthermore, the enzyme showed striking stability in 5 M urea or 4 M guanidine hydrochloride, resisted digestion by proteases, and tolerated a high hydrostatic pressure of 100 MPa. The resistance of Ps-Mn-SOD against low temperature, extreme acidity and alkalinity, chemicals, proteases, and high pressure make it a potential candidate in biopharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields.
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Wang C, Bourland WA, Mu W, Pan X. Transcriptome analysis on chlorpyrifos detoxification in Uronema marinum (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:33402-33414. [PMID: 30264342 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) pollution has drawn widespread concerns in aquatic environments due to its risks to ecologic system, however, the response mechanisms of ciliates to CPF pollution were poorly studied. In our current work, the degradation of CPF by ciliates and the morphological changes of ciliates after CPF exposure were investigated. In addition, the transcriptomic profiles of the ciliate Uronema marinum, with and without exposure with CPF, were detected using digital gene expression technologies. De novo transcriptome assembly 166,829,634 reads produced from three groups (untreated, CPF treatment at 12 h and 24 h) by whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq). Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were analyzed in all unigenes and different expression genes to identify their biological functions and processes. Furthermore, the results indicated that genes related to the stress response, cytoskeleton and cell structure proteins, and antioxidant systems might play an important role in the resistance mechanism of ciliates. The enzyme activities of SOD and GST after CPF stress were also analyzed, and the result showed the good antioxidant capacity of SOD and GST in ciliates inferred from the increase of the activities of the two enzymes. The ciliate Uronema marinum showed a resistance response to chlorpyrifos stress at the transcriptomic level in the present work, which indicates that ciliates can be considered as a potential bioremediation agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongnv Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - William A Bourland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725-1515, USA
| | - Weijie Mu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
| | - Xuming Pan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
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24
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Zhou C, Carotenuto Y, Vitiello V, Wu C, Zhang J, Buttino I. De novo transcriptome assembly and differential gene expression analysis of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa exposed to nickel nanoparticles. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 209:163-172. [PMID: 29929122 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa is a reference species in standardized ecotoxicology bioassay. Despite this interest, there is a lack of knowledge on molecular responses of A. tonsa to contaminants. We generated a de novo assembled transcriptome of A. tonsa exposed 4 days to 8.5 and 17 mg/L nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs), which have been shown to reduce egg hatching success and larval survival but had no effects on the adults. Aims of our study were to 1) improve the knowledge on the molecular responses of A. tonsa copepod and 2) increase the genomic resources of this copepod for further identification of potential biomarkers of NP exposure. The de novo assembled transcriptome of A. tonsa consisted of 53,619 unigenes, which were further annotated to nr, GO, KOG and KEGG databases. In particular, most unigenes were assigned to Metabolic and Cellular processes (34-45%) GO terms, and to Human disease (28%) and Organismal systems (23%) KEGG categories. Comparison among treatments showed that 373 unigenes were differentially expressed in A. tonsa exposed to NiNPs at 8.5 and 17 mg/L, with respect to control. Most of these genes were downregulated and took part in ribosome biogenesis, translation and protein turnover, thus suggesting that NiNPs could affect the copepod ribosome synthesis machinery and functioning. Overall, our study highlights the potential of toxicogenomic approach in gaining more mechanistic and functional information about the mode of action of emerging compounds on marine organisms, for biomarker discovering in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1 Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, PR China
| | - Ylenia Carotenuto
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Valentina Vitiello
- Istituto Superiore per La Protezione e Ricerca Ambientale ISPRA, Via del cedro 38, 57122, Livorno, Italy
| | - Changwen Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1 Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, PR China
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1 Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, PR China
| | - Isabella Buttino
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale, Napoli, Italy; Istituto Superiore per La Protezione e Ricerca Ambientale ISPRA, Via del cedro 38, 57122, Livorno, Italy.
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25
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Haque MN, Lee DH, Kim BM, Nam SE, Rhee JS. Dose- and age-specific antioxidant responses of the mysid crustacean Neomysis awatschensis to metal exposure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 201:21-30. [PMID: 29859404 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne metals can adversely affect an organism's innate defenses through oxidative stress. In the present study, the marine mysid Neomysis awatchensis was exposed to sublethal concentrations (1/10 and 1/5 of the median LC50s) of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn for 48 or 96 h at the juvenile and adult developmental stages, and the dose- and age-specific antioxidant defense system responses were characterized. Metal accumulation and modulation of four key antioxidant biomarkers, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase, and catalase, were measured in juvenile and adult mysids. Based on LC50, level of metal toxicity was dependent on metal concentration, developmental stage, and the exposure duration. Intracellular MDA content was increased in the As-, Cu-, Pb-, and Zn-exposed juvenile mysids after exposure for 48 and/or 96 h, while increases in MDA content were observed in adult mysids following Cu and Zn exposure. Interestingly, GSH content was differentially modulated, where intracellular GSH levels decreased in juvenile mysids following Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn exposure, but significantly increased in metal-exposed adult mysids, except for Pb exposure. The catalase and superoxide dismutase activities displayed similar stage-specific increases or decreases as also observed for the different GSH levels, suggesting that the susceptibility to and defense against metal-induced oxidative stress differed based on stage. Modulations in MDA and GSH content and enzymatic activity of the antioxidant defense system indicate that mysid antioxidant defense system factors are intimately connected during control of oxidative imbalances with different capacities at different developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Niamul Haque
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Do-Hee Lee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Bo-Mi Kim
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea.
| | - Sang-Eun Nam
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea; Institute of Green Environmental Research Center, 169, Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsugu, Incheon, 21999, South Korea.
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26
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Chen Z, Wang G, Zeng C, Wu L. Comparative study on the effects of two diatoms as diets on planktonic calanoid and benthic harpacticoid copepods. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 329:140-148. [PMID: 30043537 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two diatoms, Chaetoceros muelleri and Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima, were used for rearing nauplii to adults of Tigriopus japonicus, Acartia pacifica, and Pseudodiaptomus annandalei at different concentrations. The survival rates to adults and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) of the adult copepods were measured. The results showed that when fed on N. closterium f. minutissima, A. pacifica was unable to complete naupliar development; while SOD and GST activities of P. annandalei fed N. closterium f. minutissima were significantly higher than those fed the control algae Isochrysis galbana (Prymnesiod), suggesting this diatom species is harmful to these calanoid copepods. The survival rates of T. japonicus were very high when fed N. closterium f. minutissima, indicating that T. japonicus has high acceptance to diatoms. To evaluate whether calanoid copepod had the capacity to acclimatize to diatoms, P. annandalei was cultured for four generations on the two diatoms at 1.7 μgC/ml and survival rates as well as SOD and GST activities were determined for each generation. It was shown that starting at the second generation, P. annandalei exhibited adaption to the diatoms with improved survival. When fed on N. closterium f. minutissima, both SOD and GST activities of P. annandalei showed a trend of decreasing with the progress of generation, whereas no significant difference was found among four generations on C. muelleri. This study demonstrates that whether a diatom species is considered harmful to copepods, which is largely species specific, and diatom concentration is an important influencing factor. Additionally, the capacity of copepod adaption to diatoms over time should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Chen
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guizhong Wang
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chaoshu Zeng
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Lisheng Wu
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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27
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Kim JS, Kim H, Yim B, Rhee JS, Won EJ, Lee YM. Identification and molecular characterization of two Cu/Zn-SODs and Mn-SOD in the marine ciliate Euplotes crassus: Modulation of enzyme activity and transcripts in response to copper and cadmium. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 199:296-304. [PMID: 29605288 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The superoxide dismutase (SOD) family is a first line antioxidant enzyme group involved in transformation of the superoxide anion (O2-) into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and O2. SOD gene expression patterns and enzyme activities therefore have a role as molecular biomarkers in evaluating the oxidative stress status of aquatic organisms. However, antioxidant enzyme systems are yet to be fully explored in the marine ciliates. In this study, we identified and characterized two types of Cu/Zn SODs (Ec-Cu/ZnSOD1 and Ec-Cu/ZnSOD2) and Ec-Mn SOD in the marine ciliate Euplotes crassus. Subsequently, SOD activity and transcriptional modulation of the relevant genes were investigated after the exposure to Cd and Cu for 8 h. All Ec-SODs showed conserved domains and metal binding sites on their active sites. Total SOD activity was induced at 1 h after exposure to Cd (125 and 1000 μg/L), and showed a marginal increase at 1-h exposure to Cu (10 and 100 μg/L). However, SOD activity was maintained at a steady level under Cd and decreased under Cu exposure conditions at 3 h and 8 h. mRNA expression of both the Ec-Cu/Zn-SODs and Mn-SOD were remarkably elevated after the exposure to Cd (250-1000 μg/L, maximum 4-fold, p < 0.05) and, in particular, Cu (25-100 μg/L, maximum > 20-fold, p < 0.05), in a concentration - dependent manner. These findings suggest that Ec-SODs may be actively involved in cellular protection against metal - mediated oxidative stress. This study is therefore helpful in understanding the molecular responses for metal toxicity in the ciliates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Soo Kim
- Biosafety Research Team, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Hokyun Kim
- Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Yim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Marine Science and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Zeinali F, Homaei A, Kamrani E, Patel S. Use of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase tool for biomonitoring marine environment pollution in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 151:236-241. [PMID: 29353173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the pivotal antioxidant enzyme that defends organisms against the oxidative stresses of superoxide radicals. In this experimental study, purification of SOD from the leaves of Avicennia marina (grey mangrove or white mangrove) from the family Acanthaceae, located in Sirik mangrove forest on the shore of the Gulf of Oman was performed, for the intended characterization of SOD. The Sirik AmSOD (A. marina SOD) expressed optimum activity in the pH range of 6-9 with the maximum activity at pH 8. The optimal temperature for Sirik AmSOD activity was 70°C. Comparison of the pH and temperature optima in two regions (the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman) showed significant differences with P<0.05. The SOD from the Persian Gulf was more resistant against the environmental stressors, because of the biochemical adaption to this environment, which is harsher. The evidence from these results suggests that AmSOD has different characteristics in each place, and mangroves undergo different adaptations and require different protections. The results of the enzymatic research can be useful for ecological management of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrokhzad Zeinali
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Hormozgan University, Bandarabbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Hormozgan University, Bandarabbas, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Kamrani
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Hormozgan University, Bandarabbas, Iran; Fisheries Department, Faculty of Marine Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego 92182, USA
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29
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Li J, Schiavo S, Xiangli D, Rametta G, Miglietta ML, Oliviero M, Changwen W, Manzo S. Early ecotoxic effects of ZnO nanoparticle chronic exposure in Mytilus galloprovincialis revealed by transcription of apoptosis and antioxidant-related genes. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:369-384. [PMID: 29441433 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, China became one of the largest nanomaterial markets in the world. The wide use of ZnO nanoparticles in a number of products implies an increasing release in marine environment and consequently the evaluation of the potential effects upon marine organisms largely cultured in China for commercial purposes, such as invertebrate bivalves is a current need. To this aim, survival, bioaccumulation, and transcription pattern of key genes, p53, PDRP, SOD, CAT, and GST, involved in DNA damage/repair and antioxidation, in Mytilus galloprovincialis digestive gland, exposed to ZnO NPs (<100 nm) and ZnO bulk (150-200 nm) for 4 weeks, were evaluated. ZnSO4 was also assessed to appraise the role of zinc ions. Starting from 72 h, increasing mortality values along the exposure time were observed for all ZnO compounds. The highest difference was evident after 28 d when NPs resulted three times more toxic than bulk, (LC50) = 0.78 mg Zn/L (confidence limits: 0.64, 1.00) and 2.62 mg Zn/L (confidence limits: 1.00, 4.00), respectively. For ZnSO4 the (LC50) was always the lowest reaching the minimum value at 28 d 0.25 mg Zn/L (confidence limits: 0.10-0.40). Digestive gland showed higher uptake rate of ionic Zn respect to ZnO NPs and bulk during the first three days of exposure. In particular at the end of the exposure time (28 d) at 1 mg Zn/L the rank of Zn uptake rate was Zinc ion > ZnO NPs > ZnO bulk. The relative expression of investigated genes evidenced that distinct actions of apoptosis and antioxidation occurred in M. galloprovincialis exposed to ZnO NPs with a peculiar pattern dependent on exposure time and concentration. Application of the qRT-PCR technique revealed evidence of sensitivity to the nanomaterial since the first time of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiji Li
- Università degli studi di Napoli "Federico II", Parco Gussone 1, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy
- Enea CR Portici, P. le E. Fermi, 1, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy
- National Engineering Research Center of Maricultural Facilities of China, Zhejiang Ocean University, Haida South Road 1, 316004, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Simona Schiavo
- Università degli studi di Napoli "Federico II", Parco Gussone 1, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy
- National Engineering Research Center of Maricultural Facilities of China, Zhejiang Ocean University, Haida South Road 1, 316004, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong Xiangli
- National Engineering Research Center of Maricultural Facilities of China, Zhejiang Ocean University, Haida South Road 1, 316004, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | - Maria Oliviero
- Enea CR Portici, P. le E. Fermi, 1, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Wu Changwen
- National Engineering Research Center of Maricultural Facilities of China, Zhejiang Ocean University, Haida South Road 1, 316004, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sonia Manzo
- Enea CR Portici, P. le E. Fermi, 1, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy.
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30
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Liang H, Mokrani A, Ji K, Ge X, Ren M, Xie J, Liu B, Xi B, Zhou Q. Dietary leucine modulates growth performance, Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway and immune response of juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 73:57-65. [PMID: 29203449 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the effects of dietary leucine on growth performance, antioxidant status and immunity in juvenile blunt snout bream. Fish were fed six practical diets of graded leucine levels ranging from 0.90% to 2.94% of dry basis for 8 weeks. Trail results showed that compared to control group (0.90%), 1.72% dietary leucine level significantly improved final weight (FW), weight gain rate (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR), and significantly lowered feed conversion ratio (FCR). Based on WG and SGR, the optimal dietary leucine level was obtained at 1.40% and 1.56%, respectively. Whole body crude lipid and protein contents were improved with increasing dietary leucine up to 2.14% and thereafter showed a downward trend, while whole body moisture content showed a converse trend. No significant change was found in whole body ash content. 1.72% dietary leucine level significantly improved the antioxidant capacity of fish by regulating the plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, furthermore, 1.72% dietary leucine level also significantly improved the antioxidant genes expressions of associated with Nrf2 signaling pathway by regulating heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), GPx, copperezinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), 2.14% dietary leucine levels also significantly improved glutathione transferase (GST) mRNA level. Dietary leucine levels significantly affected plasma immunity parameters such as the contents of plasma complement component 3 (C3), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and lowered the hepatopancreas genes expressions of pro-inflammatory factor by regulating interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA levels. The present study indicated that optimal dietary leucine level plays an important role in improving growth, enhancing antioxidant and immune status to maintain the health in juvenile blunt snout bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Liang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Ahmed Mokrani
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Ke Ji
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Jun Xie
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Bingwen Xi
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Qunlan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi 214081, China
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Min BH, Ravikumar Y, Lee DH, Choi KS, Kim BM, Rhee JS. Age-dependent antioxidant responses to the bioconcentration of microcystin-LR in the mysid crustacean, Neomysis awatschensis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 232:284-292. [PMID: 28947316 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are naturally occurring algal toxins in the aquatic environment and pose a serious threat to the ecosystem. In general, aquatic populations are structured by organisms of different ages, with varying degrees of biochemical and physiological responses. In this study, juvenile and adult marine mysids (Neomysis awatschensis) were exposed to MC-Leucine Arginine (MC-LR) (0.1, 1, and 10 μg L-1) for 7 days, and the bioconcentration dynamics and responses of antioxidant defense system were measured during the exposure and additional depuration periods (7 days). MC-LR bioconcentrated in a dose-dependent manner, from a threshold concentration of 1 μg L-1 in both stages, and the levels reduced gradually during the depuration phase. Bioconcentration patterns of MC-LR were highly age-specific, as juvenile mysids showed peaks during the exposure period, whereas adults exhibited a peak on the first day of depuration. After exposure to 10 μg L-1 concentration, elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were observed during the late (days 5 and 7) exposure and early (days 1 and 3) depuration periods in juvenile mysids, while adult mysids showed a peak on day 7 of the exposure period. Age-specific responses were also observed in the enzymatic activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). Juvenile mysids showed a significant elevation in all enzymatic activities during the exposure and/or depuration phase upon exposure to 10 μg L-1 MC-LR, but only CAT and SOD enzymes showed significant changes during the exposure and/or depuration periods in adults. Overall, our results indicate the bioconcentration potential of MC-LR and its threshold in the marine mysid, in addition to age-specific MC-LR dynamics and subsequent biochemical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hwa Min
- Aquaculture Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, South Korea
| | - Yuvaraj Ravikumar
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Do-Hee Lee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Kwang Seek Choi
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Bo-Mi Kim
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea; Institute of Green Environmental Research Center, 169, Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsugu, Incheon 21999, South Korea.
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Wang C, Pan X, Fan Y, Chen Y, Mu W. The oxidative stress response of oxytetracycline in the ciliate Pseudocohnilembus persalinus. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 56:35-42. [PMID: 28881225 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxytetracycline (OTC) is commonly employed in fish farms to prevent bacterial infections in China, and because of their widely and intensive use, the potential harmful effects on organisms in aquatic environment are of great concern. Ciliates play an important role in aquatic food webs as secondary producers, and Pseudocohnilembus persalinus, is one kind of them which are easily found in fish farms, surviving in polluted water. Therefore, using P. persalinus as experimental models, this study investigated the effects of oxytetracycline (OTC) on the growth, antioxidant system and morphological damage in pollution-resistant ciliates species. Our results showed that the 96-h EC50 values for OTC of P. persalinus was 21.38mgL-1. The increased level of SOD and GSH during 96h OTC stress was related to an adaptive response under oxidative stress induced in ciliates. Additionally, sod1, sod2 and sod3 exhibited a significant increased expression level compared to control group at 24h treatment, indicating a promoting of dense system in ciliates at this exposure time. However, only sod1 and sod2 showed raised expression level at 48h stress, showing the different sensitive of gene isoforms to some extent. With OTC treatment, damage of regular wrinkles, shrunk, twisted on the cell surface, even forming cyst of scuticociliatid ciliate cells were firstly observed by SEM (scanning electron microscope) in this study. Overall, physiological, molecular and morphological information on the toxicological studies of ciliates and more information on possibility of ciliates as indicators of contamination were provided in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongnv Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Xuming Pan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Yawen Fan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
| | - Weijie Mu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
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Wu J, Bao M, Ge D, Huo L, Lv Z, Chi C, Liao Z, Liu H. The expression of superoxide dismutase in Mytilus coruscus under various stressors. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:361-371. [PMID: 28823980 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs), a by-product of antioxidative defence system, protects organisms for eliminating excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintaining the redox balance of immune system. The complete open reading frames (ORFs) of Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD were identified from Mytilus coruscus (designated as McSOD and MnSOD) by homologous cloning. The sequence lengths were 474bp and 687bp, encoding 157 and 228 amino acids respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of McSOD and MnSOD shared high identities with Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD from other mollusca. The distributions of McSOD and MnSOD were detected in six tissues including adductor, hemocyte, gill, gonad, mantle and hepatopancreas, and the highest expressions were both in gills. The temporal expression of McSOD and MnSOD were up-regulated in gills under a variety of stress factors, including Vibrio parahemolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Cu2+ and Pb2+. After being challenged with V. Parahemolyticus, the expressions of McSOD and MnSOD were increased rapidly at the initial hours, reaching the peaks of 4.9-fold and 15.3-fold respectively, and got to the highest levels of 43.5-fold and 7.1-fold after being challenged with A. hydrophila. The highest point of McSOD mRNA appeared at 15 d after being exposed to copper (7-fold at 0.5 mg/L and 13.2-fold at 1.5 mg/L), except for 0.1 mg/L group of Cu2+ maintaining to the normal level, but plumbum at 1 d (2.4-fold at 1.0 mg/L and 4.4-fold at 3.0 mg/L) and at 15 d (2.1-fold at 0.2 mg/L). The temporal expression peaks of MnSOD appeared differently after exposing to copper of various concentrations (0.1 mg/L at 10 d with 4.7-fold, 0.5 mg/L at 1 d with 17.9-fold and 1.5 mg/L at 3 d with 13.2-fold). Whereas in plumbum exposing treatments, the 3.0 mg/L group jumped to the peak at 1 d (18.2-fold), the 0.2 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L groups had little change and maintained at the normal level throughout the experiment. The results provided several new evidences for further understanding of the regulatory mechanism of SOD on the innate immune system in bivalve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Bao
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Delong Ge
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Liping Huo
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Zhenming Lv
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Changfeng Chi
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Zhi Liao
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Huihui Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China.
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Hansen BH, Hallmann A, Altin D, Jenssen BM, Ciesielski TM. Acute hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) exposure does not cause oxidative stress in late-copepodite stage of Calanus finmarchicus. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:820-829. [PMID: 28777041 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1352182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for removal of salmon lice in the aquaculture industry has created concern that non-target organisms might be affected during treatment scenarios. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential for H2O2 to produce oxidative stress and reduce survival in one of the most abundant zooplankton species in Norwegian coastal areas, the copepod Calanus finmarchicus. Copepods were subjected to two 96-hr tests: (1) acute toxicity test where mortality was determined and (2) treated copepods were exposed to concentrations below the No Observed Effect Concentration (0.75 mg/L) H2O2 and analyzed for antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Compared to available and comparable LC50 values from the literature, our results suggest that C. finmarchicus is highly sensitive to H2O2. However, 96-hr exposure of C. finmarchicus to 0.75 mg H2O2/L did not significantly affect the antioxidant systems even though the concentration is just below the level where mortality is expected. Data suggest that aqueous H2O2 exposure did not cause cellular accumulation with associated oxidative stress, but rather produced acute effects on copepod surface (carapace). Further investigation is required to ensure that aqueous exposure during H2O2 treatment in salmon fish farms does not exert adverse effects on local non-target crustacean species and populations. In particular, studies on copepod developmental stages with a more permeable carapace are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Hallmann
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry , Medical University of Gdańsk , Gdańsk , Poland
| | | | - Bjørn Munro Jenssen
- d Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Department of Biology , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Tomasz M Ciesielski
- d Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Department of Biology , Trondheim , Norway
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Kong X, Qiao D, Zhao X, Wang L, Zhang J, Liu D, Zhang H. The molecular characterizations of Cu/ZnSOD and MnSOD and its responses of mRNA expression and enzyme activity to Aeromonas hydrophila or lipopolysaccharide challenge in Qihe crucian carp Carassius auratus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:429-440. [PMID: 28606861 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs), as the prime antioxidant enzymes, present the first line of defense against oxidative stress caused by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in organism. In the study, two distinct members of SOD family were cloned and analyzed in Qihe crucian carp Carassius auratus (designated as CaCu/ZnSOD and CaMnSOD, respectively). The full-length cDNA of CaCu/ZnSOD is 759 bp, containing a 5' -untranslated region (UTR) of 39 bp, a ORF (including stop codon, TAG) of 465 bp and a 3'-UTR of 255 bp. The ORF of CaCu/ZnSOD encodes a protein of 154 amino acids (aa), in which, two Cu/ZnSOD signature (45GFHVHAFGDNT55 and 139GNAGGRLACGVI150) and four conserved amino acids for Cu/Zn2+-binding sites (H64, H72, H81 and D84) were observed. The full-length CaMnSOD cDNA (960 bp) consists of a 5'-UTR of 114 bp, a ORF of 675 bp and a 3'-UTR of 231 bp, the ORF of CaMnSOD encodes a 224 aa protein with a 26 aa mitochondrial-targeting sequence (MTS) in the N-terminus, and four conserved amino acids for manganese binding (H52, H100, D185 and H189) were observed. Multiple alignment and the structural analysis revealed two Cu/ZnSOD signature motifs and a MnSOD signature motif as well as the invariant binding sites for Cu2+/Zn2+ in CaCu/ZnSOD and Mn2+ in CaMnSOD. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that CaCu/ZnSOD was homologous to cytosolic Cu/ZnSODs, and CaMnSOD was high similarity with mitochondrial MnSODs from other fish. The tissue distribution analysis demonstrated that CaCu/ZnSOD and CaMnSOD were highly expressed in liver, heart and muscle. The dynamic expressions of CaCu/ZnSOD and CaMnSOD were observed after the challenges with Aeromonas hydrophila or LPS, which generally increased in liver, gill, kidney and spleen, while, the mRNA expressions were down-regulated at some time points in head kidney. The enzyme activities increased after A. hydrophila or LPS challenge, compared to the control. In this study, the molecular structures and functional motifs of CaCu/ZnSOD and CaMnSOD were determined, and it is crucial for us to understand the biological functions of SODs. The highest level in liver showed that the function of liver to remove ROS is much more important. The obvious responses of mRNA expression levels and enzyme activities to pathogens indicate the important roles of CaCu/ZnSOD and CaMnSOD in antioxidant defense in C. auratus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Kong
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China.
| | - Dan Qiao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Xianliang Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Dandan Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Hongxu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
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Han J, Kim DH, Kim HS, Nelson DR, Lee JS. Genome-wide identification of 52 cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes in the copepod Tigriopus japonicus and their B[α]P-induced expression patterns. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2017; 23:49-57. [PMID: 28709111 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are enzymes with a heme-binding domain that are found in all living organisms. CYP enzymes have important roles associated with detoxification of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds (e.g. steroids, fatty acids, and hormones). Although CYP enzymes have been reported in several invertebrates, including insects, little is known about copepod CYPs. Here, we identified the entire repertoire of CYP genes (n=52) from whole genome and transcriptome sequences of the benthic copepod Tigriopus japonicus, including a tandem duplication (CYP3026A3, CYP3026A4, CYP3026A5), and examined patterns of gene expression over various developmental stages and in response to benzo[α]pyrene (B[α]P) exposure. Through phylogenetic analysis, the 52 T. japonicus CYP genes were assigned to five distinct clans: CYP2 (22 genes), CYP3 (19 genes), CYP4 (two genes), CYP20 (one gene), and mitochondrial (eight genes). Developmental stage and gender-specific expression patterns of the 52 T. japonicus CYPs were analyzed. CYP3022A1 was constitutively expressed during all developmental stages. CYP genes in clans 2 and 3 were induced in response to B[α]P, suggesting that these differentially modulated CYP transcripts are likely involved in defense against exposure to B[α]P and other pollutants. This study enhances our understanding of the repertoire of CYP genes in copepods and of their potential role in development and detoxification in copepods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Duck-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hui-Su Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - David R Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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Hong H, Lv D, Liu W, Huang L, Chen L, Shen R, Shi D. Toxicity and bioaccumulation of three hexabromocyclododecane diastereoisomers in the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicas. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 188:1-9. [PMID: 28437657 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The three major hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) diastereoisomers, i.e. α-, β- and γ-HBCD, have distinct physical and chemical properties that may potentially result in different levels of bioaccumulation and toxicity in aquatic organisms. To assess the impact of diastereomeric variation in HBCDs, the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus was exposed to α-, β- and γ-HBCD in isolation. Results showed that all the three diastereoisomers had a similar potency to cause growth delay in T. japonicas. Variation was observed in the overall survival rate with exposure to α- and β-HBCD, and this resulted in significantly higher lethal toxicity in T. japonicas than that with exposure to γ-HBCD. Exposure to α-, β- and γ-HBCD led to the generation of ROS in T. japonicas, a possibly toxic mechanism. Both α- and β-HBCD showed a higher potential to induce oxidative stress, which may be a factor in the higher lethal toxicity observed with α- and β-HBCD exposure. It is of note that T. japonicus was found to be more sensitive to all three diastereoisomers in the F1 generation than in the F0 generation. The bioconcentration potential of HBCD diastereoisomers can be ranked in the order α-HBCD>γ-HBCD>β-HBCD and was found to be higher in T. japonicus than has been reported for fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizheng Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Dongmei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wanxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Leyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Rong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Dalin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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Martínez ML, Piol MN, Sbarbati Nudelman N, Verrengia Guerrero NR. Tributyltin bioaccumulation and toxic effects in freshwater gastropods Pomacea canaliculata after a chronic exposure: field and laboratory studies. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:691-701. [PMID: 28409416 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1801-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater samples and gastropod mollusks (Pomacea canaliculata) were collected at 5 sampling stations located along the lower Río de la Plata basin, Argentina, to assess the extent of tributyltin (TBT) contamination. Determined data revealed the presence of TBT and some of its breakdown products (dibutyltin: DBT, and monobutyltin: MBT) in all freshwater samples and also in soft tissues of P. canaliculata gastropods. Chronic bioassays (6 months) were performed using female gastropods that had been reared under laboratory conditions and exposed to a similar TBT concentration than the value determined in freshwater samples (1 µg L-1). The aims of this study were to evaluate the extent of TBT accumulation, the tissue distribution, and the effects on selected biomarkers (activity of superoxide dismutasa: SOD, activity of catalase: CAT, levels of total glutathione: t-GSH, lipid peroxidation, and activity of acetylcholinesterase: AChE). Gonads presented the highest accumulation, followed by the cephalopedal region, albumin gland, and finally hepatopancreas. Both metabolites, DBT and MBT, were also found. All exposed female animals presented development of a penis reflecting the potential of TBT as an endocrine disrupting chemical for this gastropod species. Results on the selected biomarkers confirmed additional adverse effects induced by TBT. An increase in CAT activity and changes in t-GSH levels are indicative of alterations on the cellular redox status. The inhibition of AChE could reflect signs of neurotoxicity. Altogether, these results reveal a negative impact on the health of this gastropod population.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 3° piso, Pabellón II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Biológica, Toxicología y Química Legal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4° piso, Pabellón II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María N Piol
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Biológica, Toxicología y Química Legal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4° piso, Pabellón II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norma Sbarbati Nudelman
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 3° piso, Pabellón II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noemí R Verrengia Guerrero
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Biológica, Toxicología y Química Legal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4° piso, Pabellón II, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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39
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Heat Shock Proteins in Aquaculture Disease Immunology and Stress Response of Crustaceans. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-73377-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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40
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Park MS, Kim YD, Kim BM, Kim YJ, Kim JK, Rhee JS. Effects of Antifouling Biocides on Molecular and Biochemical Defense System in the Gill of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168978. [PMID: 28006823 PMCID: PMC5179263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antifouling biocides such as organotin compounds and their alternatives are potent toxicants in marine ecosystems. In this study, we employed several molecular and biochemical response systems of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas to understand a potential mode of action of antifouling biocides (i.e. tributyltin (TBT), diuron and irgarol) after exposure to different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1 μg L-1) for 96 h. As a result, all the three antifouling biocides strongly induced the antioxidant defense system. TBT reduced both enzymatic activity and mRNA expression of Na+/K+-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Lower levels of both Na+/K+-ATPase activity and AChE mRNA expression were observed in the diuron-exposed oysters compared to the control, while the irgarol treatment reduced only the transcriptional expression of AChE gene. We also analyzed transcript profile of heat shock protein (Hsp) superfamily in same experimental conditions. All antifouling biocides tested in this study significantly modulated mRNA expression of Hsp superfamily with strong induction of Hsp70 family. Taken together, overall results indicate that representative organotin TBT and alternatives have potential hazardous effects on the gill of C. gigas within relatively short time period. Our results also suggest that analyzing a series of molecular and biochemical parameters can be a way of understanding and uncovering the mode of action of emerging antifouling biocides. In particular, it was revealed that Pacific oysters have different sensitivities depend on the antifouling biocides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Seon Park
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong, South Korea
| | - Young Dae Kim
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong, South Korea
| | - Bo-Mi Kim
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Youn-Jung Kim
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jang Kyun Kim
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
- * E-mail: (JSR); (JKK)
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
- Institute of Green Environmental Research Center, 169, Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsugu, Incheon, South Korea
- * E-mail: (JSR); (JKK)
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Nikolić TV, Kojić D, Orčić S, Batinić D, Vukašinović E, Blagojević DP, Purać J. The impact of sublethal concentrations of Cu, Pb and Cd on honey bee redox status, superoxide dismutase and catalase in laboratory conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 164:98-105. [PMID: 27580263 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, laboratory bioassays were performed to investigate the impact of sublethal concentrations of Cu (CuCl2: 1000, 100, 10 mg L-1), Pb (PbCl2: 10, 1, 0.1 mg L-1) and Cd (CdCl2: 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 mg L-1) on honey bee redox status and the activity of the main antioxidative enzymes and their gene expression. Our results show that exposure to these metals led to significant changes of gene expression, the levels of enzyme activity and redox status, but the effects are metal and dose dependent. In general, exposure of 48 h to given concentrations of Cu, Cd and Pb did not change the activity of antioxidative enzymes and the level of lipid peroxidation, with the exception of decreased activity of catalase at the lowest concentration of cadmium. Only lead produced increases in glutathione and thiol groups. Expression of genes for catalase and superoxide dismutase changed with exposure to cadmium and copper, whilst lead induced only expression of superoxide dismutase genes. The results from this study provide basic data for future research regarding the impacts of metal pollution on Apis mellifera and will be an important step towards a comprehensive risk assessment of the environmental stressors on honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana V Nikolić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Danijela Kojić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Snežana Orčić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Darko Batinić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Elvira Vukašinović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Duško P Blagojević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Purać
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Fan W, Peng R, Li X, Ren J, Liu T, Wang X. Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on copper toxicity to Daphnia magna in water: Role of organic matter. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 105:129-137. [PMID: 27611640 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Inevitably released into natural water, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) may affect the toxicity of other contaminants. Ubiquitous organic matter (OM) may influence their combined toxicity, which has been rarely reported. This study investigated the effect of nano-TiO2 on Cu toxicity to Daphnia magna and the role of OM (dissolved or particle surface bound) in inducing combined effects. The effect of nano-TiO2 on heavy metal accumulation depended on the adsorption capacity for heavy metals of nano-TiO2 and the uptake of nano-TiO2-metal complexes by organisms. Nano-TiO2 significantly decreased Cu accumulation in D. magna, but the reducing effect of nano-TiO2 was eliminated in the presence of humic acid (HA, a model OM). In the Cu and HA solution, nano-TiO2 slightly affected the bioavailability of Cu2+ and Cu-HA complexes and thus slightly influenced Cu toxicity. The nanoparticle surface-bound HA reduced the effect of nano-TiO2 on the speciation of the accumulated Cu; therefore, the combined effects of nano-TiO2 and Cu on biomarkers similarly weakened. HA-altered Cu speciation may be the main factor responsible for the influence of HA on the combined effects of nano-TiO2 and Cu. This study provides insights into the combined effects of nano-TiO2 and heavy metals in natural water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Fan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Ruishuang Peng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jinqian Ren
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiangrui Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China
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Chi C, Giri SS, Jun JW, Yun S, Kim HJ, Kim SG, Park SC. Immune response of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians, after exposure to the algicide palmitoleic acid. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 57:371-378. [PMID: 27542615 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Palmitoleic acid (PA) is an effective algicide against the toxin-producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense; however, its effects on the immune system of the edible bay scallop Argopecten irradians are unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of PA on the immune response in A. irradians by assessing total haemocyte counts (THC), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), nitrite oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, as well as the expression of immune-related genes (FREP, PGRP, HSP90, MnSOD, and Cu/ZnSOD) at various hours post-exposure (hpe) to the compound. THC decreased in PA-treated groups, whereas ALP increased significantly in all of the PA treatment groups at 3 hpe, after which it significantly decreased. The LDH and NO levels were significantly enhanced in the high and medium concentration group. Notably, the GSH level increased in all PA treatment groups at each time interval. Our study revealed that after treatment with different concentrations of PA, variable effects on the expression of genes involved in the immune system response were observed. The results of our study demonstrate that immersing scallops in PA at effective concentrations could result in differential effects on immune system responses and expression of immune-related genes. Specifically, PA may disrupt the endocrine system or affect signal transduction pathways in the scallops. Therefore, the present study highlights the potential risk of using the PA as an algicide to control algal bloom outbreaks in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151742, South Korea.
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151742, South Korea.
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151742, South Korea.
| | - Saekil Yun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151742, South Korea
| | - Hyoun Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151742, South Korea
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151742, South Korea
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151742, South Korea.
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Zhang G, Mao J, Liang F, Chen J, Zhao C, Yin S, Wang L, Tang Z, Chen S. Modulated expression and enzymatic activities of Darkbarbel catfish, Pelteobagrus vachelli for oxidative stress induced by acute hypoxia and reoxygenation. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 151:271-9. [PMID: 26945243 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Large changes in oxygen availability in aquatic environments, ranging from anoxia through to hyperoxia, can lead to corresponding wide variation in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by fish with aquatic respiration. In order to evaluate the effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation on oxidative stress in fish, the mRNA and protein expression of SODs (Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD) as well as indices (CP, LPO and MDA) and enzymatic activities (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR and GST) were analyzed in liver and brain tissues of Pelteobagrus vachelli. Predominant expression of PvSOD2 was detected in heart, brain, and liver. In contrast, PvSOD1 was highly expressed in liver. Based on the expression patterns of above parameters, we inferred that brain tissue of P. vachelli under 0.7 mg/L degree of acute hypoxia condition could experience hypometabolic states or no suffering stress, but brain tissue has effective mechanisms to minimize or prevent oxidative stress during the transition from hypoxia to reoxygenation. Our results also demonstrated an increased expression of SODs and enzymatic activities for oxidative stress in liver under hypoxic conditions, which supports the hypothesis that anticipatory preparation takes place in order to deal with the encountered oxidative stress during the recovery from hypoxia as proposed by M. Hermes-Lima. Therefore, this study will provide a clue to better understand the action mode of antioxidant genes and enzymes under oxidative stress in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Jianqiang Mao
- Nanjing Institute of Fisheries Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210036, China
| | - Fenfei Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Shaowu Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China.
| | - Li Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Zhonglin Tang
- Nanjing Institute of Fisheries Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210036, China
| | - Shuqiao Chen
- Nanjing Institute of Fisheries Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210036, China
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Song Q, Chen H, Li Y, Zhou H, Han Q, Diao X. Toxicological effects of benzo(a)pyrene, DDT and their mixture on the green mussel Perna viridis revealed by proteomic and metabolomic approaches. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:214-224. [PMID: 26363323 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) are persistent organic pollutants and environmental estrogens (EEs) with known toxicity towards the green mussel, Perna viridis. In this study, the toxic effects of BaP (10 µg/L) and DDT (10 µg/L) and their mixture were assessed in green mussel gills with proteomic and metabolomic approaches. Metabolic responses indicated that BaP mainly caused disturbance in osmotic regulation by significantly decrease in branched chain amino acids, dimethylamine and dimethylglycine in gills of male green mussels after exposure for 7 days. DDT mainly caused disturbance in osmotic regulation and energy metabolism by differential alteration of betaine, dimethylamine, dimethylglycine, amino acids, and succinate in gills of male green mussels. However, the mixture of BaP and DDT didn't show obvious metabolite changes. Proteomic analysis showed different protein expression profiles between different treatment groups, which demonstrated that BaP, DDT and their mixture may have different modes of action. Proteomic responses revealed that BaP induced cell apoptosis, disturbance in protein digestion and energy metabolism in gills of green mussels, whereas DDT exposure altered proteins that were associated with oxidative stress, cytoskeleton and cell structure, protein digestion and energy metabolism. However, the mixture of BaP and DDT affected proteins related to the oxidative stress, cytoskeleton and cell structure, protein biosynthesis and modification, energy metabolism, growth and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Song
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuhu Li
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hailong Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Haikou Key Laboratory of Environment Toxicology, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Qian Han
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaoping Diao
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Haikou Key Laboratory of Environment Toxicology, Haikou 570228, China.
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Yan JJ, Zhang L, Wang RQ, Xie B, Li X, Chen RL, Guo LX, Xie BG. The Sequence Characteristics and Expression Models Reveal Superoxide Dismutase Involved in Cold Response and Fruiting Body Development in Volvariella volvacea. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010034. [PMID: 26784168 PMCID: PMC4730280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the first defence for cells to counteract the toxicity of active oxygen, superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays an important role in the response of living organisms to stress and cell differentiation. One extracellular Cu-ZnSOD (ecCu-ZnSOD), and two MnSODs, were identified based on the Volvariella volvacea genome sequence. All three genes have complicated alternative splicing modes during transcription; only when the fourth intron is retained can the Vv_Cu-Znsod1 gene be translated into a protein sequence with SOD functional domains. The expression levels of the three sod genes in the pilei are higher than in the stipe. The Vv_Cu-Znsod1 and the Vv_Mnsod2 are co-expressed in different developmental stages of the fruiting body, with the highest level of expression in the pilei of the egg stage, and they show a significant, positive correlation with the efficiency of karyogamy, indicating the potential role of these two genes during karyogamy. The expression of the ecCu-Znsod and two Vv_Mnsod genes showed a significant up-regulated when treated by cold stress for one hour; however, the lack of the intracellular Cu-ZnSOD encoding gene (icCu-Znsod) and the special locus of the ecCu-Znsod gene initiation codon suggested a possible reason for the autolysis phenomenon of V. volvacea in cold conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Yan
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Rui-Qing Wang
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Bin Xie
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Ren-Liang Chen
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Li-Xian Guo
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Bao-Gui Xie
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Xu YB, Xu JX, Chen JL, Huang L, Zhou SQ, Zhou Y, Wen LH. Antioxidative responses of Pseudomonas fluorescens YZ2 to simultaneous exposure of Zn and Cefradine. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:1788-1797. [PMID: 26141733 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Binary pollution of both heavy metals and antibiotics has received increasing attentions for their joint effects of eco-toxicity and health hazards. To reveal the effects of mixtures of different pollutants on bacterial antioxidant response system, Pseudomonas fluorescens ZY2, a new strain isolated from swine wastewater, was chosen to determinate growth (bacterial density OD600), reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, protein concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity under exposure treatments of Zn, Cefradine or Zn + Cefradine. Bacterial densities of all the treatment groups increased significantly over the incubation time, but those containing pollutant addition were slightly lower than the control at different times of incubation. Both ROS concentration and SOD activity increased first and then decreased (p < 0.01) over time, which was opposite to the protein concentrations (p < 0.01), showing a much significant increase by Cefradine alone. With Zn concentration increasing from 40 to 160 mg/L, the intracellular SOD activity increased as a response to the improvement of ROS (p < 0.05), while the balance between ROS and SOD was broken down due to the disproportionate change of total SOD activity and ROS concentration, the bacterial densities therefore decreased for the weak resistance. With the combined treatment of Zn (200 mg/L) and Cefradine (1 mg/L), though the toxicity of Zn caused a much significant increase of ROS, the bacterial resistance was further improved showing a more significant increase of total SOD activity and the bacterial densities therefore increased bacterial growth. Zn concentration also affected the protein synthesis. Either single or binary stress induced the bacterial resistance by regulating SOD activity to eliminate ROS. All results of the bacterial oxidant stress, SOD response and protein synthesis in the combined treatment groups were more complicated than those in single treatment groups, which depended on the properties of the single treatment as well as the interaction between the two treatments upon bacterial activity. For P. fluorescens ZY2, the mediation of SOD activity to eliminate ROS in response to the combined exposure to Zn and Cefradine was first revealed as one of the co-resistance mechanisms, which is informative to further understanding the risk of antibiotics resistant bacteria to human and environmental health more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bin Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia-Xin Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Liang Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Qi Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
- Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Shanxi Road 1#, Guiyang, 550001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Wen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
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Wang QF, Wang YF, Hou YH, Shi YL, Han H, Miao M, Wu YY, Liu YP, Yue XN, Li YJ. Cloning, expression and biochemical characterization of recombinant superoxide dismutase from Antarctic psychrophilic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. ANT506. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 56:753-61. [PMID: 26422794 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a superoxide dismutase gene (PsSOD) from Pseudoalteromonas sp. ANT506 was cloned and over expressed in Escherichia coli. The PsSOD has an open reading frame of 582 bp with a putative product of 193 amino acid residue and an estimated molecular size of 21.4 kDa. His-tagged PsSOD was subsequently purified 12.6-fold by Ni-affinity chromatography and the yield of 22.9%. The characterization of the purified rPsSOD exhibited maximum activity at 30 °C and pH 8.0. The enzyme exhibited 13.9% activity at 0 °C and had high-thermo lability at higher than 50 °C. rPsSOD exhibited well capability to 2.5 M NaCl (62.4%). These results indicated that rPsSOD exhibited special catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Fu Wang
- School of Marine and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fan Wang
- School of Marine and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hua Hou
- School of Marine and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Lei Shi
- School of Marine and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Han Han
- School of Marine and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Miao Miao
- School of Marine and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Wu
- School of Marine and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Ping Liu
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Health Food, Rongcheng, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Na Yue
- Shandong Provincial Research Institute of Marine Food Nutrition, Rongcheng, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jin Li
- National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Marine Functional Food Development (Shandong), Rongcheng, P.R. China
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49
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Lee JW, Won EJ, Raisuddin S, Lee JS. Significance of adverse outcome pathways in biomarker-based environmental risk assessment in aquatic organisms. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 35:115-127. [PMID: 26354700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In environmental risk assessments (ERA), biomarkers have been widely used as an early warning signal of environmental contamination. However, biomarker responses have limitation due to its low relevance to adverse outcomes (e.g., fluctuations in community structure, decreases in population size, and other similar ecobiologically relevant indicators of community structure and function). To mitigate these limitations, the concept of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) was developed. An AOP is an analytical, sequentially progressive pathway that links a molecular initiating event (MIE) to an adverse outcome. Recently, AOPs have been recognized as a potential informational tool by which the implications of molecular biomarkers in ERA can be better understood. To demonstrate the utility of AOPs in biomarker-based ERA, here we discuss a series of three different biological repercussions caused by exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and selenium (Se). Using mainly aquatic invertebrates and selected vertebrates as model species, we focus on the development of the AOP concept. Aquatic organisms are suitable bioindicator species whose entire lifespans can be observed over a short period; moreover, these species can be studied on the molecular and population levels. Also, interspecific differences between aquatic organisms are important to consider in an AOP framework, since these differences are an integral part of the natural environment. The development of an environmental pollutant-mediated AOP may enable a better understanding of the effects of environmental pollutants in different scenarios in the diverse community of an ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wuk Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.
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50
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Identification and molecular characterization of dorsal and dorsal-like genes in the cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana. Mar Genomics 2015; 24 Pt 3:319-27. [PMID: 26297599 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To date, knowledge of the immune system in aquatic invertebrates has been reported in only a few model organisms, even though all metazoans have an innate immune system. In particular, information on the copepod's immunity and the potential role of key genes in the innate immune systems is still unclear. In this study, we identified dorsal and dorsal-like genes in the cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana. In silico analyses for identifying conserved domains and phylogenetic relationships supported their gene annotations. The transcriptional levels of both genes were slightly increased from the nauplius to copepodid stages, suggesting that these genes are putatively involved in copepodid development of P. nana. To examine the involvement of both genes in the innate immune response and under stressful conditions, the copepods were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), different culture densities, salinities, and temperatures. LPS significantly upregulated mRNA expressions of dorsal and dorsal-like genes, suggesting that both genes are transcriptionally sensitive in response to immune modulators. Exposure to unfavorable culture conditions also increased mRNA levels of dorsal and dorsal-like genes. These findings suggest that transcriptional regulation of the dorsal and dorsal-like genes would be associated with environmental changes in P. nana.
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