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Nier A, Ulrich C, Volk C, Wolffgang MC, Brandsch C, Wensch-Dorendorf M, Girndt M, Stangl GI. Effects of a single phosphate-enriched test meal on inflammasome activity and postprandial inflammatory markers in healthy subjects. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:797-807. [PMID: 38175251 PMCID: PMC10948537 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The consumption of highly processed food is often associated with a high intake of inorganic phosphate. Hyperphosphatemia is accompanied by an inflammatory status in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, the immune response to high phosphorus intake in healthy individuals is largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a single phosphate-enriched meal on inflammasome activity and plasma levels of inflammatory markers. METHODS The analysis included 28 participants who received a single dose of either 700 mg phosphorus or a placebo with a test meal. At baseline, 4 and 8 h post-meal, plasma interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-10, c-reactive protein (CRP), soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and glycoprotein 130 (sgp130) levels were determined. At baseline and 4 h post-meal, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated to assess inflammasome activity. Subsequently, the effect of phosphate with or without glucose on IL-6 and IL-1β gene expression and secretion in U937 monocytes was examined. RESULTS While both groups showed a marked postprandial increase in IL-6 plasma levels, neither plasma levels of IL-6, IL-1β, CRP, IL-10, sIL-6R, and sgp130 nor inflammasome activity were affected by phosphate compared to placebo. In U937 cells, there was also no effect of phosphate on IL-6 expression, but the addition of glucose increased it. Phosphate, however, reduced the IL-1β secretion of these cells. CONCLUSION Postprandial inflammatory markers were not affected by dietary phosphate. However, IL-6 plasma levels were markedly increased post-meal, which appears to be a metabolic rather than a pro-inflammatory phenomenon. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03771924, date of registration: 11th December 2018, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Nier
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
| | - Christof Ulrich
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Christin Volk
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Competence Cluster of Cardiovascular Health and Nutrition (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Corinna Brandsch
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Monika Wensch-Dorendorf
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Matthias Girndt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Gabriele I Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Competence Cluster of Cardiovascular Health and Nutrition (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
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Dhamija B, Marathe S, Sawant V, Basu M, Attrish D, Mukherjee D, Kumar S, Pai MGJ, Wad S, Sawant A, Nayak C, Venkatesh KV, Srivastava S, Barthel SR, Purwar R. IL-17A Orchestrates Reactive Oxygen Species/HIF1α-Mediated Metabolic Reprogramming in Psoriasis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:302-316. [PMID: 38019129 PMCID: PMC11100423 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Immune cell-derived IL-17A is one of the key pathogenic cytokines in psoriasis, an immunometabolic disorder. Although IL-17A is an established regulator of cutaneous immune cell biology, its functional and metabolic effects on nonimmune cells of the skin, particularly keratinocytes, have not been comprehensively explored. Using multiomics profiling and systems biology-based approaches, we systematically uncover significant roles for IL-17A in the metabolic reprogramming of human primary keratinocytes (HPKs). High-throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed IL-17A-dependent regulation of multiple HPK proteins and metabolites of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Systems-level MitoCore modeling using flux-balance analysis identified IL-17A-mediated increases in HPK glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and lipid uptake, which were validated using biochemical cell-based assays and stable isotope-resolved metabolomics. IL-17A treatment triggered downstream mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and HIF1α expression and resultant HPK proliferation, consistent with the observed elevation of these downstream effectors in the epidermis of patients with psoriasis. Pharmacological inhibition of HIF1α or reactive oxygen species reversed IL-17A-mediated glycolysis, glutaminolysis, lipid uptake, and HPK hyperproliferation. These results identify keratinocytes as important target cells of IL-17A and reveal its involvement in multiple downstream metabolic reprogramming pathways in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavuk Dhamija
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Soumitra Marathe
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Vinanti Sawant
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Moumita Basu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Diksha Attrish
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Sushant Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Siddhi Wad
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhijeet Sawant
- Plastic Surgery Department, TNMC and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Chitra Nayak
- Skin and Venereal Diseases Department, TNMC and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - KV Venkatesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Steven R. Barthel
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rahul Purwar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
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3
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Sitompul SI, Pikir BS, Kencono Wungu CD, Supandi SK, Sinta ME. Analysis of the Effects of IL-6 -572 C/G, CRP -757 A/G, and CRP -717 T/C Gene Polymorphisms; IL-6 Levels; and CRP Levels on Chronic Periodontitis in Coronary Artery Disease in Indonesia. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051073. [PMID: 37239434 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) play an important role in chronic periodontitis with coronary artery disease (CAD). Genetic factors can affect a person's risk of CAD, which affects one-third of the population. This study investigated the role of IL-6 -572 C/G, CRP -757 A/G, and CRP -717 T/C gene polymorphisms. IL-6 and CRP levels on the severity of periodontitis in CAD in Indonesia were also evaluated. This case-control study was conducted with mild and moderate-severe chronic periodontitis groups. A path analysis test was conducted with Smart PLS with a 95% confidence interval to determine the significant variable for chronic periodontitis. Our study revealed that the effects of IL-6 -572 C/G, CRP -757 A/G, and CRP -717 T/C gene polymorphisms on IL-6 levels and CRP levels were not significant. IL-6 and CRP levels were not significantly different between the two groups. We found that IL-6 levels had a significant effect on CRP levels in periodontitis patients with CAD (path coefficient 0.322, p = 0.003). IL-6 -572 C/G, CRP -757 A/G, and CRP -717 T/C gene polymorphisms had no effect on the severity of chronic periodontitis in CAD patients in the Indonesian population. We also observed no apparent effects of the influence of gene polymorphisms in IL-6 -572 C/G, CRP -757 A/G, and CRP -717 T/C genes. Although the IL-6 and CRP levels were not significantly different between the two groups, IL-6 levels affected CRP levels in periodontitis patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanggap Indra Sitompul
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
- Medical Staff Group of Cardiology, Doris Sylvanus Hospital, Palangka Raya 73111, Indonesia
| | - Budi Susetyo Pikir
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
| | - Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu
- Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
| | - Shafira Kurnia Supandi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
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Vourdoumpa A, Paltoglou G, Charmandari E. The Genetic Basis of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:1416. [PMID: 36986146 PMCID: PMC10058966 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence represents one of the most challenging public health problems of our century owing to its epidemic proportions and the associated significant morbidity, mortality, and increase in public health costs. The pathogenesis of polygenic obesity is multifactorial and is due to the interaction among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. More than 1100 independent genetic loci associated with obesity traits have been currently identified, and there is great interest in the decoding of their biological functions and the gene-environment interaction. The present study aimed to systematically review the scientific evidence and to explore the relation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNVs) with changes in body mass index (BMI) and other measures of body composition in children and adolescents with obesity, as well as their response to lifestyle interventions. Twenty-seven studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, which consisted of 7928 overweight/obese children and adolescents at different stages of pubertal development who underwent multidisciplinary management. The effect of polymorphisms in 92 different genes was assessed and revealed SNPs in 24 genetic loci significantly associated with BMI and/or body composition change, which contribute to the complex metabolic imbalance of obesity, including the regulation of appetite and energy balance, the homeostasis of glucose, lipid, and adipose tissue, as well as their interactions. The decoding of the genetic and molecular/cellular pathophysiology of obesity and the gene-environment interactions, alongside with the individual genotype, will enable us to design targeted and personalized preventive and management interventions for obesity early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Vourdoumpa
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George Paltoglou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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5
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Zhang D, Wang L, Wang Z, Shi X, Tang W, Jiang L, Bo Ran Yi BYCH, Lv X, Hu C, Xiao D. Immunological responses of septic rats to combination therapy with thymosin α1 and vitamin C. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220551. [PMID: 36816800 PMCID: PMC9922062 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of combined thymosin α1 and vitamin C (Tα1 + VitC) on the immunological responses of septic rats. Five groups were designed. The septic model was established by the cecal ligation puncture (CLP) method. The sham group did not undergo CLP, the model group was given normal saline solution, the Tα1 group was given Tα1 (200 µg/kg), the VitC group was given VitC (200 mg/kg), and the Tα1 + VitC group was given Tα1 + VitC. Specimens for immunological analyses were collected at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h posttreatment in each group except for the sham group (only at 48 h). CD4 + CD25 + T cells in the peripheral blood and dendritic cell (DC) proportions in the spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-ß1), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were measured by ELISA. CD4 + CD25 + T cells and OX62 + DCs levels significantly increased in the model group and decreased in the Tα1 and/or VitC treatment groups. Similarly, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-ß1, and NF-κB significantly increased in the model group and decreased in the Tα1, VitC, and Tα1 + VitC groups, indicating that combined Tα1 and VitC therapy may help regulate the immunological state of patients with sepsis, thereby improving prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daquan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhigao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wen Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ba Yin Cha Han Bo Ran Yi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinwei Lv
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Congyu Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
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6
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Frasca D. Several areas of overlap between obesity and aging indicate obesity as a biomarker of accelerated aging of human B cell function and antibody responses. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:48. [PMID: 36289515 PMCID: PMC9598013 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Aging and obesity are high risk factors for several conditions and diseases. They are both associated with systemic inflammation and they are both ameliorated by a healthy life style, suggesting that they may share cellular and molecular pathways and underlying mechanisms. A close relationship between aging and obesity is also supported by the observation that the aging overweight/obese population is increasing worldwide, and mechanisms involved will be presented here. A focus of our work is to evaluate if obesity may be considered a good biomarker of accelerated aging of human antibody responses. We will summarize our published results showing the effects of obesity in accelerating age defects in the peripheral B cell pool and how these lead to dysfunctional humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, RMSB 3153, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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7
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Fang Z, Wei L, Lv Y, Wang T, Hamezah HS, Han R, Tong X. Phillyrin restores metabolic disorders in mice fed with high-fat diet through inhibition of interleukin-6-mediated basal lipolysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:956218. [PMID: 36276810 PMCID: PMC9581271 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.956218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of white adipose tissue as an energy reservoir is impaired in obesity, leading to lipid spillover and ectopic lipid deposition. Adipose tissue inflammation can reduce the efficacy of lipid storage in adipocytes by augmenting basal lipolysis through producing interleukin-6 (IL-6). Therefore, pharmacological compounds targeting adipose tissue inflammation or IL-6 signaling might have the potential to combat obesity. This study aims to investigate the impact of Phillyrin, which is frequently used for treating respiratory infections in clinics in China, on obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions. Firstly, a mouse model of diet-induced obesity is used to assess the pharmacological applications of Phillyrin on obesity in vivo. Secondly, ex vivo culture of adipose tissue explants is utilized to investigate actions of Phillyrin on IL-6-linked basal lipolysis. Thirdly, a mouse model of IL-6 injection into visceral adipose tissue is explored to confirm the anti-basal lipolytic effect of Phillyrin against IL-6 in vivo. The results show that Phillyrin treatment reduces circulating level of glycerol, decreases hepatic steatosis and improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice. Meanwhile, Phillyrin attenuates obesity-related inflammation and IL-6 production in adipose tissue in obese mice. Furthermore, Phillyrin treatment results in resistance to IL-6-induced basal lipolysis in adipose tissue through suppressing expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) both in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, these findings suggest that Phillyrin can restrain lipid efflux from inflamed adipose tissue in obesity by inhibiting IL-6-initiated basal lipolysis and ATGL expression, and thus is a potential candidate in the treatment of obesity-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizheng Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lu Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanping Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Tongsheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | | | - Rongchun Han
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,*Correspondence: Rongchun Han,
| | - Xiaohui Tong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Xiaohui Tong,
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8
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Kogut MH, Genovese KJ, Byrd JA, Swaggerty CL, He H, Farnell Y, Arsenault RJ. Chicken-Specific Kinome Analysis of Early Host Immune Signaling Pathways in the Cecum of Newly Hatched Chickens Infected With Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:899395. [PMID: 35846741 PMCID: PMC9279939 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.899395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry is a major source of human foodborne illness caused by broad host range Salmonella serovars (paratyphoid), and developing cost-effective, pre-harvest interventions to reduce these pathogens would be valuable to the industry and consumer. Host responses to infectious agents are often regulated through phosphorylation. However, proteomic mechanisms of Salmonella acute infection biology and host responses to the bacteria have been limited concentrating predominately on the genomic responses of the host to infection. Our recent development of chicken-specific peptide arrays for kinome analysis of host phosphorylation-based cellular signaling responses provided us with the opportunity to develop a more detailed understanding of the early (4-24 h post-infection) host-pathogen interactions during the initial colonization of the cecum by Salmonella. Using the chicken-specific kinomic immune peptide array, biological pathway analysis showed infection with S. Enteritidis increased signaling related to the innate immune response, relative to the non-infected control ceca. Notably, the acute innate immune signaling pathways were characterized by increased peptide phosphorylation (activation) of the Toll-like receptor and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways, the activation of the chemokine signaling pathway, and the activation of the apoptosis signaling pathways. In addition, Salmonella infection induced a dramatic alteration in the phosphorylation events of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Lastly, there is also significant activation of the T cell receptor signaling pathway demonstrating the initiation of the acquired immune response to Salmonella infection. Based on the individual phosphorylation events altered by the early Salmonella infection of the cecum, certain conclusions can be drawn: (1) Salmonella was recognized by both TLR and NOD receptors that initiated the innate immune response; (2) activation of the PPRs induced the production of chemokines CXCLi2 (IL-8) and cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IFN-α, and IFN-γ; (3) Salmonella infection targeted the JAK-STAT pathway as a means of evading the host response by targeting the dephosphorylation of JAK1 and TYK2 and STAT1,2,3,4, and 6; (4) apoptosis appears to be a host defense mechanism where the infection with Salmonella induced both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways; and (5) the T cell receptor signaling pathway activates the AP-1 and NF-κB transcription factor cascades, but not NFAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Kogut
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael H. Kogut,
| | - Kenneth J. Genovese
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), College Station, TX, United States
| | - J. Allen Byrd
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), College Station, TX, United States
| | - Christina L. Swaggerty
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), College Station, TX, United States
| | - Haiqi He
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), College Station, TX, United States
| | - Yuhua Farnell
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ryan J. Arsenault
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
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Mazanko MS, Popov IV, Prazdnova EV, Refeld AG, Bren AB, Zelenkova GA, Chistyakov VA, Algburi A, Weeks RM, Ermakov AM, Chikindas ML. Beneficial Effects of Spore-Forming Bacillus Probiotic Bacteria Isolated From Poultry Microbiota on Broilers' Health, Growth Performance, and Immune System. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:877360. [PMID: 35711797 PMCID: PMC9194945 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.877360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are known for their beneficial effects on poultry health and wellbeing. One promising strategy for discovering Bacillus probiotics is selecting strains from the microbiota of healthy chickens and subsequent screening for potential biological activity. In this study, we focused on three probiotic strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of chickens bred in different housing types. In addition to the previously reported poultry probiotic Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933, three strains with antimutagenic and antioxidant properties Bacillus subtilis KB16, Bacillus subtilis KB41, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KB54, were investigated. Their potential effects on broiler health, growth performance, and the immune system were evaluated in vivo. Two hundred newly hatched Cobb500 broiler chickens were randomly divided into five groups (n = 40). Four groups received a standard diet supplemented with the studied bacilli for 42 days, and one group with no supplements was used as a control. Our data showed that all probiotics except Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933 colonized the intestines. Treatment with Bacillus subtilis KB54 showed a significant improvement in growth performance compared to other treated groups. When Bacillus subtilis KB41 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KB54 were applied, the most significant immune modulation was noticed through the promotion of IL-6 and IL-10. We concluded that Bacillus subtilis KB54 supplementation had the largest positive impact on broilers' health and growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Mazanko
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Igor V. Popov
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- *Correspondence: Igor V. Popov
| | - Evgeniya V. Prazdnova
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Aleksandr G. Refeld
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- ChemBio Cluster, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anzhelica B. Bren
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Galina A. Zelenkova
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Chistyakov
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Ammar Algburi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq
| | - Richard M. Weeks
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, Bridgeton, NJ, United States
| | - Alexey M. Ermakov
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Michael L. Chikindas
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, Bridgeton, NJ, United States
- Department of General Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Rovina RL, Pinto AP, Muñoz VR, da Rocha AL, Rebelo MA, Teixeira GR, Tavares MEA, Pauli JR, de Moura LP, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, da Silva ASR. Genetic deletion of IL-6 increases CK-MB, a classic cardiac damage marker, and decreases UPRmt genes after exhaustive exercise. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:369-378. [PMID: 35411956 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The intensity, duration, type of contraction, and muscle damage influence interleukin-6 (IL-6) response to acute exercise. However, in response to an exhaustive exercise session, the upregulation of IL-6 in the serum and heart is associated with an inflammatory condition and can inhibit autophagy. This study aimed to investigate the role of IL-6 in autophagy pathway responses and mitochondrial function in the heart of mice submitted to acute exhaustive physical exercise. The mice were allocated into three groups, five animals per group, for the wild type (WT) and the IL-6 knockout (IL-6 KO): Basal (sedentary; Basal), 1 h (after 1 h of the acute exercise; 1 h), and 3 h (after 3 h of the acute exercise; 3 h). After the specific time for each group, the blood was collected, each mouse heart was removed, and the left ventricle (LV) was isolated. In summary, under basal conditions, without the influence of the acute exercise, the IL-6 KO group showed lower number of nuclei in the cardiac tissue, but higher collagen deposition; lower messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of Prkaa1 and Mtco1, but higher mRNA levels of Ulk1; and higher protein levels of the ratio p-AMPK/AMPK in the heart when compared to WT at the same time point. After the acute exercise (1 and 3 h), the IL-6 KO group had lower mRNA levels of Tfam, Mtnd1, Mtco1, and Nampt in the heart when compared to WT after exercise; higher serum levels of creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, and lactate dehydrogenase for the IL-6 group when compared to the WT group after the exercise. Specifically, the heat-shock protein 60 protein levels in the heart increased 3 h after exhaustive exercise in the WT group, but not in the IL-6 KO group. The study emphasizes that IL-6 may offer cardioprotective effects, including mitochondrial adaptations in response to acute exhaustive exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael L Rovina
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P Pinto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor R Muñoz
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alisson L da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Macario A Rebelo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicinal Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana R Teixeira
- Multicentric Program of Postgraduate in Physiological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda A Tavares
- Multicentric Program of Postgraduate in Physiological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro P de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Chinta PK, Tambe S, Umrani D, Pal AK, Nandave M. Effect of parthenolide, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, on insulin resistance in high-fat diet-obese mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:272-281. [PMID: 35119950 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The activation of Nod-like receptor proteins (NLRP3) containing the pyrin domain inflammasome is a hallmark of the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome by phytoconstituents has been attempted as a strategy to mitigate these disorders. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, parthenolide (PN; 5 mg/kg i.p.) against inflammation and insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD) - obese mice. Treatment with PN and pioglitazone (PIO; 30 mg/kg p.o.) attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 ng/ml) - induced elevation of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in mouse peritoneal macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Sixty days of PN and PIO treatment marginally reduced obesity-induced insulin resistance in HFD-obese mice. PN treatment also decreased blood glucose from 14th to 60th day, supporting the hypothesis of simultaneous attenuation of inflammation and insulin resistance in obese mice. Thus, PN treatment was also evident with significant improvement in glucose tolerance and peripheral insulin resistance validated through the respective tolerance tests. Therefore, the present study suggests that PN, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, could be a possible therapeutic agent for attenuating obesity-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ajay Kumar Pal
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi-110017, INDIA
| | - Mukesh Nandave
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi-110017, INDIA
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12
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Santos FSD, Oliveira IOD, Mintem GC, Horta BL, Gigante DP. Epidemiology of interleukin-6: the 30-year follow-up of the 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study. Ann Hum Biol 2022; 48:525-533. [PMID: 35105198 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.1998619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death globally. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a biomarker of cardiovascular risk. AIM To investigate factors associated with IL-6 concentration in serum, from early life up to 30 years of age. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In the 2012-2013 follow-up, IL-6 was measured in 2809 participants of the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort (1369 males). Multivariable linear regressions, stratified by sex, were performed to evaluate the associations of African ancestry, family income and maternal education at birth, monthly income and education at 30 years, smoking status, harmful alcohol intake, physical activity, and body composition with IL-6, considering a conceptual hierarchical framework. RESULTS Males with low educational levels and current smokers had the highest mean IL-6. Among females, African ancestry and low monthly income were associated with the highest mean values for the outcome. Physical activity had an inverse association with IL-6 concentration among females. A direct relationship was observed between the measures of adiposity on IL-6, in both sexes. CONCLUSION Body composition was the main predictor for the outcome evaluated in males and females. Thus, the avoidance of overweight remains an important strategy for the prevention and control of cardiovascular risk and biomarkers associated with these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gicele Costa Mintem
- Post-graduate Program in Nutrition and Food, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Lessa Horta
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Denise Petrucci Gigante
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Nutrition and Food, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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13
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Giuriato G, Venturelli M, Matias A, Soares EMKVK, Gaetgens J, Frederick KA, Ives SJ. Capsaicin and Its Effect on Exercise Performance, Fatigue and Inflammation after Exercise. Nutrients 2022; 14:232. [PMID: 35057413 PMCID: PMC8778706 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin (CAP) activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel on sensory neurons, improving ATP production, vascular function, fatigue resistance, and thus exercise performance. However, the underlying mechanisms of CAP-induced ergogenic effects and fatigue-resistance, remain elusive. To evaluate the potential anti-fatigue effects of CAP, 10 young healthy males performed constant-load cycling exercise time to exhaustion (TTE) trials (85% maximal work rate) after ingestion of placebo (PL; fiber) or CAP capsules in a blinded, counterbalanced, crossover design, while cardiorespiratory responses were monitored. Fatigue was assessed with the interpolated twitch technique, pre-post exercise, during isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVC). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected in cardiorespiratory responses and self-reported fatigue (RPE scale) during the time trial or in TTE (375 ± 26 and 327 ± 36 s, respectively). CAP attenuated the reduction in potentiated twitch (PL: -52 ± 6 vs. CAP: -42 ± 11%, p = 0.037), and tended to attenuate the decline in maximal relaxation rate (PL: -47 ± 33 vs. CAP: -29 ± 68%, p = 0.057), but not maximal rate of force development, MVC, or voluntary muscle activation. Thus, CAP might attenuate neuromuscular fatigue through alterations in afferent signaling or neuromuscular relaxation kinetics, perhaps mediated via the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pumps, thereby increasing the rate of Ca2+ reuptake and relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Giuriato
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.G.); (M.V.)
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (A.M.); (E.M.K.V.K.S.)
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.G.); (M.V.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Alexs Matias
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (A.M.); (E.M.K.V.K.S.)
| | - Edgard M. K. V. K. Soares
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (A.M.); (E.M.K.V.K.S.)
- Study Group on Exercise and Physical Activity Physiology and Epidemiology, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia—UnB, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Jessica Gaetgens
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (J.G.); (K.A.F.)
| | - Kimberley A. Frederick
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (J.G.); (K.A.F.)
| | - Stephen J. Ives
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (A.M.); (E.M.K.V.K.S.)
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14
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Ageing and Obesity Shared Patterns: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Epigenetics. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9040087. [PMID: 34940025 PMCID: PMC8700721 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9040087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern societies, ageing and obesity represent medical challenges for healthcare professionals and caregivers. Obesity and ageing share common features including the related cellular and molecular pathways as well as the impacts they have as risk factors for a variety of diseases and health problems. Both of these health problems also share exercise and a healthy lifestyle as the best therapeutic options. Importantly, ageing and obesity also have common epigenetic changes (histone modification, DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs, and chromatin remodeling) that are also impacted by exercise. This suggests that epigenetic pathways are among the mechanisms via which exercise induces its benefits, including ageing and obesity improvements. Exploring these interrelations and based on the fact that both ageing and obesity represent risk factors for each other, would lead to optimizing the available therapeutic approaches towards improved obesity management and healthy ageing.
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15
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Bećarević MB, Matutinović MS, Žarković M, Beleslin BN, Ćirić J, Ignjatović SD. Antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with Graves' orbitopathy: preliminary data. Endocrine 2021; 74:349-354. [PMID: 34037961 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder of the orbit and while the antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) Abs were associated with the markers of inflammation in the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), there is no literature that investigate the presence of aPL Abs in GO. We analyzed the prevalence of aPL Abs and the differences between aPL (+) and aPL (-) subgroups of GO patients. METHODS Study included consecutive patients with GO (66 with Graves' (GD), 10 with Hashimoto (HD), and 8 were euthyroid). Anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti-beta 2glycoprotein I (aβ2gpI) Abs were measured by ELISA. RESULTS aPL Abs were present in 9/84 (10.71%) patients. The IgM aβ2gpI Abs were present in 8/66 and in 1/10 patients with GD and HD. The IgG aCL Abs were present in one GD patient, and IgM aCL were present in 3/66 GD and in 1/10 patients with HD. In GD group, anti-Tg Abs were in positive correlation with aβ2gpI IgG (p = 0.000) and with anti-TPO Abs (p = 0.016). In HD group, anti-Tg Abs were in positive correlation with IgM aCL (p = 0.042), while anti-TPO Abs were in positive correlation with aβ2gpI IgM (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION This study is the first report of the aPL Abs presence in GO patients. The anti-thyroid Abs were linked to aPL suggesting that their presence is not the sole consequence of hyperstimulation of autoreactive B-lymphocytes. Larger studies are necessary to confirm potential cause-effect relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana B Bećarević
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Marija Sarić Matutinović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Žarković
- University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia and Clinic of Endocrinology, diabetes and metabolic diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Nedeljković Beleslin
- University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia and Clinic of Endocrinology, diabetes and metabolic diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Ćirić
- University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia and Clinic of Endocrinology, diabetes and metabolic diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana D Ignjatović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
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16
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Impact of Adiposity and Fat Distribution, Rather Than Obesity, on Antibodies as an Illustration of Weight-Loss-Independent Exercise Benefits. MEDICINES 2021; 8:medicines8100057. [PMID: 34677486 PMCID: PMC8537631 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents a risk factor for a variety of diseases because of its inflammatory component, among other biological patterns. Recently, with the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, a special focus has been put on obesity as a status in which antibody production, among other immune functions, is impaired, which would impact both disease pathogenesis and vaccine efficacy. Within this piece of writing, we illustrate that such patterns would be due to the increased adiposity and fat distribution pattern rather than obesity (as defined by the body mass index) itself. Within this context, we also highlight the importance of the weight-loss-independent effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence:
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17
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Almby KE, Katsogiannos P, Pereira MJ, Karlsson FA, Sundbom M, Wiklund U, Kamble PG, Eriksson JW. Time Course of Metabolic, Neuroendocrine, and Adipose Effects During 2 Years of Follow-up After Gastric Bypass in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4049-e4061. [PMID: 34086911 PMCID: PMC8475218 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) markedly improves glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but underlying mechanisms and changes over time are incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE Integrated assessment of neuroendocrine and metabolic changes over time in T2D patients undergoing RYGB. DESIGN AND SETTING Follow-up of single-center randomized study. PATIENTS Thirteen patients with obesity and T2D compared to 22 healthy subjects. INTERVENTIONS Blood chemistry, adipose biopsies, and heart rate variability were obtained before and 4, 24, and 104 weeks post-RYGB. RESULTS After RYGB, glucose-lowering drugs were discontinued and hemoglobin A1c fell from mean 55 to 41 mmol/mol by 104 weeks (P < 0.001). At 4 weeks, morning cortisol (P < 0.05) and adrenocorticotropin (P = 0.09) were reduced by 20%. Parasympathetic nerve activity (heart rate variability derived) increased at 4 weeks (P < 0.05) and peaked at 24 weeks (P < 0.01). C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cells were rapidly reduced (P < 0.01). At 104 weeks, basal and insulin-stimulated adipocyte glucose uptake increased by 3-fold vs baseline and expression of genes involved in glucose transport, fatty acid oxidation, and adipogenesis was upregulated (P < 0.01). Adipocyte volume was reduced by 4 weeks and more markedly at 104 weeks, by about 40% vs baseline (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We propose this order of events: (1) rapid glucose lowering (days); (2) attenuated cortisol axis activity and inflammation and increased parasympathetic tone (weeks); and (3) body fat and weight loss, increased adipose glucose uptake, and whole-body insulin sensitivity (months-years; similar to healthy controls). Thus, neuroendocrine pathways can partly mediate early glycemic improvement after RYGB, and adipose factors may promote long-term insulin sensitivity and normoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E Almby
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Sundbom
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Urban Wiklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Prasad G Kamble
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: Jan W Eriksson, MD, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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18
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Maculewicz E, Antkowiak B, Antkowiak O, Mastalerz A, Białek A, Cywińska A, Borecka A, Humińska-Lisowska K, Garbacz A, Lorenz K, Szarska E, Michałowska-Sawczyn M, Dziuda Ł, Cięszczyk P. IL-6 Polymorphisms Are Not Related to Obesity Parameters in Physically Active Young Men. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101498. [PMID: 34680892 PMCID: PMC8535757 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine with both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions, but is also considered as a "metabolic hormone" involved in immune responses, affecting glucose, protein and lipid metabolism. It has been proposed to be related to obesity, but various results have been presented. Thus, in this study, the very homogenous population of young, male military professionals, living in the same conditions involving high physical activity, has been selected to avoid the influence of environmental factors. The subjects were divided into groups depending on the obesity parameters BMI (body mass index) and fat percentage (fat%), and the following IL-6 SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) were analyzed: rs1800795, rs1800796 and rs13306435. No relation was found between obesity parameters and IL-6 polymorphisms rs1800795, rs1800796 and rs13306435. It may be postulated that even if a genetic predisposition involves IL-6 genes, this effect in individuals with obesity of a low grade is minor, or can be avoided or at least markedly reduced by changes in lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Maculewicz
- Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland; (E.M.); (A.M.); (K.L.)
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland; (B.A.); (O.A.); (A.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Bożena Antkowiak
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland; (B.A.); (O.A.); (A.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Oktawiusz Antkowiak
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland; (B.A.); (O.A.); (A.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Andrzej Mastalerz
- Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland; (E.M.); (A.M.); (K.L.)
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland;
| | - Anna Cywińska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Anna Borecka
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland; (B.A.); (O.A.); (A.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Kinga Humińska-Lisowska
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (K.H.-L.); (M.M.-S.)
| | | | - Katarzyna Lorenz
- Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland; (E.M.); (A.M.); (K.L.)
| | - Ewa Szarska
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland; (B.A.); (O.A.); (A.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Monika Michałowska-Sawczyn
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (K.H.-L.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Łukasz Dziuda
- Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, 01-755 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (K.H.-L.); (M.M.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-505-769-630
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Remodeling of Macrophages in White Adipose Tissue under the Conditions of Obesity as well as Lipolysis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9980877. [PMID: 34504646 PMCID: PMC8423577 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9980877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) are a major source of low-grade inflammation in obesity, and yet reasons driving ATM accumulation in white adipose tissue (WAT) are not fully understood. Emerging evidence suggested that ATM underwent extensive remodeling in obesity. In addition to abundance, ATM in obesity were lipid-laden and metabolically reprogrammed, which in turn was tightly related to their functional alterations and persistence in obesity. Herein, we aimed to discuss that activation of lipid sensing signaling associated with metabolic reprogramming in ATM was indispensible for their migration, retention, or proliferation in obesity. Likewise, lipolysis also induced similar but transient ATM remodeling. Therefore, we assumed that obesity might share overlapping mechanisms with lipolysis in remodeling ATM. Formation of crown-like structures (CLS) in WAT was presumably a common event initiating ATM remodeling, with a spectrum of lipid metabolites released from adipocytes being potential signaling molecules. Moreover, adipose interlerkin-6 (IL-6) exhibited homologous alterations by obesity and lipolysis. Thus, we postulated a positive feedback loop between ATM and adipocytes via IL-6 signaling backing ATM persistence by comparison of ATM remodeling under obesity and lipolysis. An elucidation of ATM persistence could help to provide novel therapeutic targets for obesity-associated inflammation.
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20
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Meliț LE, Mărginean CO, Mărginean CD, Săsăran MO. The Peculiar Trialogue between Pediatric Obesity, Systemic Inflammatory Status, and Immunity. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060512. [PMID: 34207683 PMCID: PMC8229553 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric obesity is not only an energetic imbalance, but also a chronic complex multisystem disorder that might impair both the life length and quality. Its pandemic status should increase worldwide awareness regarding the long-term life-threatening associated complications. Obesity related complications, such as cardiovascular, metabolic, or hepatic ones, affect both short and long-term wellbeing, and they do not spare pediatric subjects, defined as life-threatening consequences of the systemic inflammatory status triggered by the adipose tissue. The energetic imbalance of obesity clearly results in adipocytes hypertrophy and hyperplasia expressing different degrees of chronic inflammation. Adipose tissue might be considered an immune organ due to its rich content in a complex array of immune cells, among which the formerly mentioned macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, but also eosinophils along with T and B cells, acting together to maintain the tissue homeostasis in normal weight individuals. Adipokines belong to the class of innate immunity humoral effectors, and they play a crucial role in amplifying the immune responses with a subsequent trigger effect on leukocyte activation. The usefulness of complete cellular blood count parameters, such as leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, erythrocytes, and platelets as predictors of obesity-triggered inflammation, was also proved in pediatric patients with overweight or obesity. The dogma that adipose tissue is a simple energy storage tissue is no longer accepted since it has been proved that it also has an incontestable multifunctional role acting like a true standalone organ resembling to endocrine or immune organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Elena Meliț
- Department of Pediatrics I, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (L.E.M.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Cristina Oana Mărginean
- Department of Pediatrics I, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (L.E.M.); (C.D.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-723-278543
| | - Cristian Dan Mărginean
- Department of Pediatrics I, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (L.E.M.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Maria Oana Săsăran
- Department of Pediatrics III, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
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21
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Singer M, Ott M, Bliem HR, Hladschik-Kermer B, Ocaña-Peinado FM, Chamson E, Schubert C. Case Report: Dynamic Interdependencies Between Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Practice, Urinary Interleukin-6 Levels, and Fatigue in a Breast Cancer Survivor. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:592379. [PMID: 34149467 PMCID: PMC8208488 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.592379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the influence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) techniques (i.e., Jin Shin Jyutsu, music, physiotherapy, Tai Chi, and energy healing) on urinary interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and fatigue in a 49-year-old breast cancer survivor suffering from cancer-related fatigue and depression. Data were sampled under conditions of "life as it is lived." Methods: For 28 days, a female breast cancer survivor collected her full urine output in 12-h intervals from about 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. and from about 8 p.m. to 8 a.m. These urine samples were used to determine urinary IL-6 levels through ELISA and creatinine concentrations via HPLC. In 12-h intervals (every morning and evening), the patient completed the DIARI, which included fatigue measurement and notes on incidents and activities such as CAM practice. In addition, the patient was interviewed weekly to identify meaningful everyday incidents. In this context, CAM practice was also discussed. Time series analysis consisted of ARIMA modeling and cross-correlational analyses (p < 0.05). Results: When each CAM technique was considered separately in time series analysis, CAM was consistently associated with increases in urinary IL-6 release and decreases in fatigue. Furthermore, when all CAM techniques experienced as positive were included in one time series, a biphasic urinary IL-6 response pattern was found in which CAM practice was first preceded by decreases in IL-6 by 12-0 h and then followed by increases in IL-6 after 108-120 h. Finally, cross-correlations between IL-6 and fatigue showed that increases in IL-6 were followed by decreases in fatigue intensity after 48-60 h and, conversely, that decreases in fatigue intensity were followed by decreases in IL-6 after 24-36 h and 48-60 h. Conclusion: IL-6 increases and fatigue decreases highlight potential health-promoting effects of CAM practice. Moreover, a cyclic IL-6 pattern in response to all CAM activities experienced as positive underscores that CAM was meaningful to the patient. Additionally, a negative feedback circuit between IL-6 and fatigue intensity was detected. Taken together, this study confirms the necessity of integrating subjective meaning and dynamic complexity into biopsychosocial research in order to understand human functioning under real-life conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Singer
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michaela Ott
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Harald R Bliem
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Hladschik-Kermer
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Emil Chamson
- Department of Translation Studies, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Schubert
- Clinical Department of Medical Psychology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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22
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Lee A, Dal Pont GC, Farnell MB, Jarvis S, Battaglia M, Arsenault RJ, Kogut MH. Supplementing chestnut tannins in the broiler diet mediates a metabolic phenotype of the ceca. Poult Sci 2021; 100:47-54. [PMID: 33357706 PMCID: PMC7772675 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the demand for alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) increases in food animal production, phytobiotic compounds gain popularity because of their ability to mimic the desirable bioactive properties of AGP. Chestnut tannins (ChT) are one of many phytobiotic compounds used as feed additives, particularly in South America, for broilers because of its favorable antimicrobial and growth promotion capabilities. Although studies have observed the microbiological and immunologic effects of ChT, there is a lack of studies evaluating the metabolic function of ChT. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the cecal metabolic changes induced by ChT inclusion and how they relate to growth promotion. A total of 200 day-of-hatch broiler chicks were separated into 2 feed treatment groups: control and 1% ChT. The ceca from all the chicks in the treatment groups were collected on day 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 after hatch. The cytokine mRNA quantitative RT-PCR was determined using TaqMan gene expression assays for IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and interferon gamma quantification. The cytokine expression showed highly significant increased expressions of IL-6 and IL-10 on day 2 and 6, whereas the other proinflammatory cytokines did not have significantly increased expression. The results from the kinome array demonstrated that the ceca from birds fed with 1% ChT had significant (P < 0.05) metabolic alterations based on the number of peptides when compared with the control group across all day tested. The increased expression of IL-6 appeared to be strongly indicative of altered metabolism, whereas the increased expression of IL-10 indicated the regulatory effect against other proinflammatory cytokines other than IL-6. The ChT initiate a metabolic mechanism during the first 10 d in the broiler. For the first time, we show that a phytobiotic product initially modulates metabolism while also potentially supporting growth and feed efficiency downstream. In conclusion, a metabolic phenotype alteration in the ceca of chickens fed ChT may indicate the importance of enhanced broiler gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annah Lee
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
| | | | - Morgan B Farnell
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | | | | | - Ryan J Arsenault
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - Michael H Kogut
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, College Station, TX 77845, USA
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Trefoil Factor Family Member 2 (TFF2) as an Inflammatory-Induced and Anti-Inflammatory Tissue Repair Factor. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091646. [PMID: 32937753 PMCID: PMC7552208 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor family member 2 (TFF2) is known for its involvement in mucosal repair. Whereas it is overexpressed during inflammatory processes, adding TFF2 leads to an anti-inflammatory effect that would contribute to create the microenvironment required for tissue repair. These properties present TFF2 with a homeostatic pattern during inflammatory processes as illustrated by selected examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Functional Genomics Laboratory, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Functional Genomics Laboratory, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Functional Genomics Laboratory, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(418)-654-2296; Fax: +1-(418)-654-2761
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24
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Anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of polyherbal composition in patients with chronic cholecystitis. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj92.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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25
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine and inflammation: Another homeostatic property? Cytokine 2020; 133:155179. [PMID: 32619797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.
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26
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Tang YL, Zheng X, Qi Y, Pu XJ, Liu B, Zhang X, Li XS, Xiao WL, Wan CP, Mao ZW. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory evaluation of new chalcone derivatives bearing bispiperazine linker as IL-1β inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 98:103748. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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27
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Mohd MA, Ahmad Norudin NA, Muhammad TST. Transcriptional regulation of retinol binding protein 4 by Interleukin-6 via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and CCAAT/Enhancer binding proteins. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 505:110702. [PMID: 31927097 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a major mediator of the acute phase response (APR) that regulates the transcription of acute phase proteins (APPs) in the liver. During APR, the plasma levels of negative APPs including retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) are reduced. Activation of the IL-6 receptor and subsequent signaling pathways leads to the activation of transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), which then modulate APP gene expression. The transcriptional regulation of RBP4 by IL-6 is not fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of PPARα and C/EBP isoforms in mediating IL-6 regulation of RBP4 gene expression. IL-6 was shown to reduce the transcriptional activity of RBP4, and functional dissection of the RBP4 promoter further identified the cis-acting regulatory elements that are responsible in mediating the inhibitory effect of IL-6. The binding sites for PPARα and C/EBP present in the RBP4 promoter were predicted at -1079 bp to -1057 bp and -1460 bp to -1439 bp, respectively. The binding of PPARα and C/EBPs to their respective cis-acting elements may lead to antagonistic interactions that modulate the IL-6 regulation of RBP4 promoter activity. Therefore, this study proposed a new mechanism of interaction involving PPARα and different C/EBP isoforms. This interaction is necessary for the regulation of RBP4 gene expression in response to external stimuli, particularly IL-6, during physiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaida Aminah Mohd
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nur Adelina Ahmad Norudin
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Block 5-A, Halaman Bukit Gambir, 11700, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
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28
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Casimiro I, Hanlon EC, White J, De Leon A, Ross R, Moise K, Piron M, Brady MJ. Reduction of IL-6 gene expression in human adipose tissue after sleeve gastrectomy surgery. Obes Sci Pract 2020; 6:215-224. [PMID: 32313680 PMCID: PMC7156876 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is increasing evidence that immune cell interactions in adipose tissue contribute to the development of metabolic dysfunction. Pro-inflammatory cytokines have been shown to mediate insulin resistance, and the presence of macrophages is a salient feature in the development of obesity. The present study aimed to evaluate adipocyte size and macrophage activation in women before and 3 months after laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). METHODS Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from women scheduled to undergo VSG. Histological evaluation of adipocytes and macrophages was performed as well as cytokine expression quantification before and after VSG-induced weight loss. RESULTS Weight loss following VSG resulted in a reduction in adipocyte size as well as a decrease in interleukin (IL)-6 cytokine mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue. There was no change in the presence of crownlike structures after weight loss. CONCLUSIONS Early weight loss after VSG is associated with a reduction in adipocyte size and a decline in IL-6 gene expression in local adipose tissue. Macrophage infiltration and crownlike density structures persist in adipose tissue from tissues impacted by excess body weight 3 months after VSG-induced weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Casimiro
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & MetabolismUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Erin C. Hanlon
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & MetabolismUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Jeremy White
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism & NutritionUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Avelino De Leon
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism & NutritionUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Ruby Ross
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & MetabolismUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Katiannah Moise
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism & NutritionUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Matthew Piron
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & MetabolismUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Matthew J. Brady
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & MetabolismUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism & NutritionUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
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29
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Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine: Metabolic and Homeostatic Properties beyond the Extracellular Matrix Structure. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10072388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An extracellular matrix (ECM) is a network of numerous macromolecules that represents the cellular structural support involved in key biofunctions such as signal transduction and cellular adhesion. In addition, ECM-associated proteins interact with ECM and with other endogenous structures and molecules to control cellular growth, structural modifications, cellular migration, etc. Among the ECM-associated proteins, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a protein that is known to be expressed when tissues change. Herein, we put a spotlight on selected, metabolic and homeostatic properties beyond the known properties of ECM and SPARC. Importantly, the synchronization of the metabolic and structural implications of SPARC and the ECM would indicate an adaptation of the metabolism to meet the needs of the changes that the tissues undergo. Highlighting such properties would have important applications in diverse fields that include therapeutics, metabolics, and pathogenesis.
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30
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Huang Q, Kahn CR, Altindis E. Viral Hormones: Expanding Dimensions in Endocrinology. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2165-2179. [PMID: 31310273 PMCID: PMC6736053 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Viruses have developed different mechanisms to manipulate their hosts, including the process of viral mimicry in which viruses express important host proteins. Until recently, examples of viral mimicry were limited to mimics of growth factors and immunomodulatory proteins. Using a comprehensive bioinformatics approach, we have shown that viruses possess the DNA/RNA with potential to encode 16 different peptides with high sequence similarity to human peptide hormones and metabolically important regulatory proteins. We have characterized one of these families, the viral insulin/IGF-1-like peptides (VILPs), which we identified in four members of the Iridoviridae family. VILPs can bind to human insulin and IGF-1 receptors and stimulate classic postreceptor signaling pathways. Moreover, VILPs can stimulate glucose uptake in vitro and in vivo and stimulate DNA synthesis. DNA sequences of some VILP-carrying viruses have been identified in the human enteric virome. In addition to VILPs, sequences with homology to 15 other peptide hormones or cytokines can be identified in viral DNA/RNA sequences, some with a very high identity to hormones. Recent data by others has identified a peptide that resembles and mimics α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone's anti-inflammatory effects in in vitro and in vivo models. Taken together, these studies reveal novel mechanisms of viral and bacterial pathogenesis in which the microbe can directly target or mimic the host endocrine system. These findings also introduce the concept of a system of microbial hormones that provides new insights into the evolution of peptide hormones, as well as potential new roles of microbial hormones in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Boston College Biology Department, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emrah Altindis
- Boston College Biology Department, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
- Correspondence: Emrah Altindis, PhD, Boston College Biology Department, Higgins Hall 515, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467. E-mail:
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31
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Gholami M, Sharifi F, Shahriari S, Khoshnevisan K, Larijani B, Amoli MM. Association of interleukin-6 polymorphisms with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cytokine 2019; 123:154769. [PMID: 31472475 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a common metabolic disorder with increasing trend all around the world. Owing to the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines on obesity, we aimed to investigate the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) polymorphisms on risk of obesity. Electronic literatures were searched in Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. The references of relevant reviews and included studies were also manually checked. All types of observational studies from 1 January 1992 to 28 February 2018 were included. Odds ratio (OR) was estimated by fixed and random effect model. Subgroup analysis was carried out based on age statues. Pooling analysis of eligible studies have been considered for rs2069845 and rs1800796, and no significant results were observed. Minor allele of IL-6 rs1800797polymorphism decreased the risk of obesity/overweight in allelic 0.74 (0.59-0.92), dominant 0.65 (0.49-0.85), and over-dominant 0.66 (0.51-0.87) models. Fourteen eligible studies were included for rs1800795. According to BMI, C allele showed increased risk of obesity in genetic models containing homozygote model 1.47 (1.02-2.12) for body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 vs. BMI < 25, recessive model 1.32 (1.07-1.63) for BMI ≥ 30 vs. BMI < 25, and homozygote model 1.35 (1.10-1.66) for BMI ≥ 30 vs. BMI < 30. In overall definition of obesity more significant results were observed, including homozygote model in obese vs. normal 1.71 (1.14-2.56). Similarly, subgroups analysis revealed additional significant results. Minor alleles of rs1800795 raised and rs1800797 reduced the risk of obesity, while rs1800796 and rs2069845 may not be associated. However, more observational studies are recommended to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Gholami
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Sharifi
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadab Shahriari
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Khoshnevisan
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa M Amoli
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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32
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Krogh Nielsen M, Subhi Y, Molbech CR, Falk MK, Nissen MH, Sørensen TL. Systemic Levels of Interleukin-6 Correlate With Progression Rate of Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:202-208. [PMID: 30644965 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Geographic atrophy (GA) is a clinical phenotype of late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with no current treatment available. In this study, we investigated markers of chronic inflammation in plasma of patients with GA and how these relate to progression rate. Methods We prospectively included 42 patients with GA, 41 patients with neovascular AMD, and 27 healthy controls. We quantified levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 2, and C-reactive protein (CRP). We adapted an inflammation summary score to cluster conceptually related markers of chronic inflammation. Enlargement rate of the atrophic lesion was measured from fundus autofluorescence images performed at baseline and after 1 year. Results Patients with GA showed an increase in proinflammatory markers of IL-6 (P = 0.009), TNF receptor 2 (P = 0.013), and CRP (P = 0.017) compared to healthy controls. We found that IL-8 levels were markedly higher in patients with GA when compared to patients with neovascular AMD (P = 0.013). The inflammation summary score was high in patients with neovascular AMD (P = 0.024), but even higher in patients with GA (<0.001), when compared to healthy controls. GA enlargement was measured in 36 patients, who completed follow-up. Plasma levels of IL-6 had a moderate but significant correlation with GA enlargement rate (R2 = 0.23, P = 0.0035). Conclusions Markers of chronic inflammation strongly associates with presence of GA secondary to AMD. Plasma IL-6 possesses predictive ability of progression and constitutes the first known plasma biomarker of disease activity in GA. These findings shed light into a poorly understood clinical phenotype of AMD and highlights the important role of chronic inflammation in GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Krogh Nielsen
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yousif Subhi
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher Rue Molbech
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Krüger Falk
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mogens Holst Nissen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Eye Research Unit, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Lykke Sørensen
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Schubert C, Hagen C. Bidirectional Cause-Effect Relationship Between Urinary Interleukin-6 and Mood, Irritation, and Mental Activity in a Breast Cancer Survivor. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:848. [PMID: 30546293 PMCID: PMC6279914 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This "integrative single-case study" investigated the bidirectional cause and effect relations between various emotional states (i.e., mood, irritation, mental activity) and urinary IL-6 levels in a 49-year-old female breast cancer survivor (woman) under conditions of "life as it is lived." During a period of 28 days, the patient collected her entire urine in 12-h intervals for IL-6 measurement and completed each morning and evening a list of adjectives regarding mood, irritation, and mental activity (55 measurements in total). Autoregressive integrated moving average modeling revealed a 4-day (circasemiseptan) cycle in the IL-6 time series. Furthermore, cross-correlational analyses after controlling for serial dependencies (significance level: p < 0.05) showed that worsening in mood and increases in irritation were followed by increases in urinary IL-6 levels with temporal delays between 12 and 36 h. In the opposite direction of effect, increases in urinary IL-6 levels were followed by elevations in mood and mental activity as well as decreases in irritation with temporal delays between 48 and 72 h. These results from cross-correlational analyses suggest that IL-6 may have a regulatory function in psychoneuroimmunological interplay and that, under certain conditions, IL-6 may be involved in health rather than sickness behavior. Moreover, the findings of this study are indicators of real-life negative feedback loops and are in line with psychoneuroimmunological research postulating complex brain-to-body-to-brain network-like structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schubert
- Clinical Department of Medical Psychology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Carmen Hagen
- Clinical Department of Medical Psychology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,University Hospital Tulln, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
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