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Souza VVD, Moreira DP, Braz-Mota S, Valente W, Cotta GC, Rodrigues MDS, Nóbrega RH, Corrêa RDS, Hoyos DCDM, Sanches EA, Val AL, Lacerda SMDSN. Simulated climate change and atrazine contamination can synergistically impair zebrafish testicular function. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174173. [PMID: 38925398 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Elements that interfere with reproductive processes can have profound impacts on population and the equilibrium of ecosystems. Global warming represents the major environmental challenge of the 21st century, as it will affect all forms of life in the coming decades. Another coexisting concern is the persistent pollution by pesticides, particularly the herbicide Atrazine (ATZ), which is responsible for a significant number of contamination incidents in surface waters worldwide. While it is hypothesized that climate changes will significantly enhance the toxic effects of pesticides, the actual impact of these phenomena remain largely unexplored. Here, we conducted a climate-controlled room experiment to assess the interactive effects of the projected 2100 climate scenario and environmentally realistic ATZ exposures on the reproductive function of male zebrafish. The gonadosomatic index significantly decreased in fish kept in the extreme scenario. Cellular alterations across spermatogenesis phases led to synergic decreased sperm production and increased germ cell sloughing and death. ATZ exposure alone or combined with climate change effects, disrupted the transcription levels of key genes involved in steroidogenesis, hormone signaling and spermatogenesis regulation. An additive modulation with decreased 11-KT production and increased E2 levels was also evidenced, intensifying the effects of androgen/estrogen imbalance. Moreover, climate change and ATZ independently induced oxidative stress, upregulation of proapoptotic gene and DNA damage in post-meiotic germ cell, but the negative effects of ATZ were greater at extreme scenario. Ultimately, exposure to simulated climate changes severely impaired fertilization capacity, due to a drastic reduction in sperm motility and/or viability. These findings indicate that the future climate conditions have the potential to considerably enhance the toxicity of ATZ at low concentrations, leading to significant deleterious consequences for fish reproductive function and fertility. These may provide relevant information to supporting healthcare and environmental managers in decision-making related to climate changes and herbicide regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Ventura de Souza
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Davidson Peruci Moreira
- Laboratory of Ichthiohistology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Susana Braz-Mota
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Valente
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Caldeira Cotta
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maira da Silva Rodrigues
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Henrique Nóbrega
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Dias Serafim Corrêa
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Antônio Sanches
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
| | - Adalberto Luís Val
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Atli G, Zamora L, Vila-Gispert A, Guasch H. The evaluations of oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in threatened endemic fish Barbus meridionalis from Osor River (Spain). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 276:107099. [PMID: 39303407 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Mediterranean barbel (Barbus meridionalis) an endemic species is currently facing habitat destruction and pollution in Osor River (Spain) due to mining runoff that has severely deteriorated the water quality by metals, primarily zinc (Zn). In order to assess the potential risk of metal contamination and hydrological changes in the Osor River by using oxidative stress and neurotoxicity biomarkers via IBR analyses in the barbel, five different stations were chosen: upstream (S1: reference site and S2: hydrologically changed), mine (S3), and downstream (S4 and S5). The highest tissue metal levels were measured particularly at S3 and following downstream sites. SOD activity and the GSH system parameters (GPX, GST, and GSH) were the most sensitive oxidative stress indicators among the antioxidant system parameters. The organs with the greatest changes in antioxidant biomarkers were the liver and gill. As a sign of neurotoxicity, AChE activities significantly raised in the brain and muscle but drastically lowered in the kidney, liver, and gill particularly in the area of mine and downstream compared to reference site. Integrated biomarker response index (IBR) method was applied to visualize the affect of metal and hydrological alterations with biomarker response according to sites in the Osor River. IBR analyzes together with correlations between metal levels and oxidative stress biomarkers, emphasized that S2 and S3 have the greatest impact on the biomarker levels due to mine activity and hydrological changes highlighting the vulnerability to extinction of native fish B. meridionalis. It is also critical to assess the current data based on the multi-biomarker approach for a range of detrimental effects on fish fitness at the individual level as well as population persistence from an ecological standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülüzar Atli
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey; Vocational School of Imamoglu, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Lluis Zamora
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Vila-Gispert
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Helena Guasch
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Catalonia, Spain; Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Blanes, Girona, Spain
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3
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Li M, Chen X, Song C, Xu J, Fan L, Qiu L, Li D, Xu H, Meng S, Mu X, Xia B, Ling J. Sub-Chronic Methomyl Exposure Induces Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses in Zebrafish with Higher Female Susceptibility. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:871. [PMID: 39061939 PMCID: PMC11274337 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of carbamate pesticides has raised significant environmental and health concerns, particularly regarding water contamination and the disruption of defense systems in organisms. Despite these concerns, research on the differential impacts of pesticides on male and female organisms remains limited. This study focused on methomyl, investigating sex-specific differences in liver antioxidant defenses and inflammatory response indices in male and female zebrafish after 56 days of exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 mg/L). Our findings indicate that methomyl exposure significantly increased ROS content in zebrafish livers, inducing oxidative stress and activating enzymatic antioxidant defenses such as SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities. Sub-chronic exposure altered the expression of apoptosis-related genes (Bax/Bcl2a and Caspases3a), resulting in liver cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner, with the 0.20 mg/L concentration causing the most severe damage. Additionally, methomyl exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations triggered persistent inflammatory responses in liver tissues, evidenced by increased transcription levels of inflammatory factor genes and the activation of toll-like receptors, heightening susceptibility to exogenous allergens. It is noteworthy that oxidative damage indicators (AST, ROS, MDA) and inflammatory gene expressions (IL-1β, TNF-α) were significantly higher in female livers compared to male livers at 0.10-0.20 mg/L methomyl exposure. Consequently, our study underscores the potential adverse effects of environmental methomyl exposure on aquatic organisms and highlights the need for heightened consideration of the risks posed by environmental endocrine disruptors to female health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiao Li
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (M.L.); (X.C.); (C.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Xi Chen
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (M.L.); (X.C.); (C.S.); (L.F.)
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, China; (L.Q.); (D.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Chao Song
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (M.L.); (X.C.); (C.S.); (L.F.)
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, China; (L.Q.); (D.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Jing Xu
- Environmental Testing Centre, Wuxi 214028, China;
| | - Limin Fan
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (M.L.); (X.C.); (C.S.); (L.F.)
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, China; (L.Q.); (D.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Liping Qiu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, China; (L.Q.); (D.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Dandan Li
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, China; (L.Q.); (D.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Huimin Xu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, China; (L.Q.); (D.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Shunlong Meng
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (M.L.); (X.C.); (C.S.); (L.F.)
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, China; (L.Q.); (D.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Xiyan Mu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Bin Xia
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Jun Ling
- Fisheries Institute, Anhui Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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Li L, Deng L, Li J, Li T, Chen P, Luo W, Du Z. Gill structure and respiratory ability of Euchiloglanis kishinouyei (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes: Sisoridae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 103:1382-1391. [PMID: 37650846 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Glyptosternoid fishes are distributed in the torrent environment of alpine canyons, where they often leave the water to climb rocky cliffs. As one of the most primitive species of glyptosternoid fishes, Euchiloglanis kishinouyei was examined in the current study to analyse its gill microstructure and respiratory ability. We first found that the oxygen consumption rate was relatively high and negatively correlated with body mass and that the average oxygen consumption at night was higher than during the day. The asphyxiation point of E. kishinouyei (5.05 ± 0.22 g) was c. 1.93 mg/L. Subsequently, the surface morphology, gross gill tissue structure, and ultra-microstructure of gill lamellae were investigated using optical microscopy and SEM. The gills showed an overall trend of regression, with five pairs of gill arches in each gill cavity. The adjacent gill filaments had large gaps, and the gill lamellae were thick. The gill filaments were closely arranged on the gill arches, their folded respiratory surface was highly vascularized with no tiny crest, and there were obvious tiny crests, grooves, pits, and pores on the nonrespiratory surface. The gill lamellae were closely embedded on both sides of gill filaments, which were composed of flat epithelial cells, basement membrane, pillar cells, and mucous cells. The gill total respiratory area correlated positively with body mass and length, whereas the gill relative respiratory area correlated negatively with body mass. We comprehensively analysed the gill microstructure and respiratory capacity of E. kishinouyei to provide fundamental data for the adaptive evolution of the gill structures of bimodally respiring fishes and offer insights into further study on the accessory air-breathing function of skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luojia Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Longjun Deng
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Li
- Sichuan Runjie Hongda Aquatic Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiancai Li
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongjun Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Salaro AL, Silva SB, Ferraz RB, Salinas Jiménez LG, Carneiro CLS, Quadros ASG, Machado JP, Freitas MB, Oliveira EE. Acute sublethal exposure to ethiprole impairs physiological and oxidative status in the Neotropical fish Astyanax altiparanae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122152. [PMID: 37414119 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Ethiprole, a phenylpyrazole insecticide, has been increasingly used in the Neotropical region to control stink bug pests in soybean and maize fields. However, such abrupt increases in use may have unintended effects on non-target organisms, including those inhabiting freshwater ecosystems. Here, we evaluated the effects of acute (96 h) sublethal exposure to ethiprole (up to 180 μg/L, which is equivalent to 0.013% of the recommended field dose) on biomarkers of stress in the gills, liver, and muscle of the Neotropical fish Astyanax altiparanae. We further recorded potential ethiprole-induced effects on the structural histology of A. altiparanae gills and liver. Our results showed that ethiprole exposure increased glucose and cortisol levels in a concentration-dependent manner. Ethiprole-exposed fish also exhibited higher levels of malondialdehyde and greater activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione-S-transferase and catalase, in both gills and liver. Furthermore, ethiprole exposure led to increased catalase activity and carbonylated protein levels in muscle. Morphometric and pathological analyses of the gills revealed that increasing ethiprole concentration resulted in hyperemia and loss of integrity of the secondary lamellae. Similarly, histopathological analysis of the liver demonstrated higher prevalence of necrosis and inflammatory infiltrates with increasing ethiprole concentration. Altogether, our findings demonstrated that sublethal exposure to ethiprole can trigger a stress response in non-target fish species, which may lead to potential ecological and economic imbalances in Neotropical freshwater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Salaro
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Stella B Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato B Ferraz
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Luis G Salinas Jiménez
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiana L S Carneiro
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, 4450-208, Portugal
| | - Alessandro S G Quadros
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Machado
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Universitário de Viçosa (UNIVIÇOSA), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36576-340, Brazil
| | - Mariella B Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eugênio E Oliveira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Chukwuka AV, Jerome FC, Hassan A, Ebonwu B, Adeogun AO. Redox-active metals and oxidative stress-mediated myopathies in Callinectes amnicola, blue crab populations from impacted sites of the Lagos Lagoon: inferences for adverse ecological outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:108565-108581. [PMID: 37752391 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29912-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
While oxidative stress pathways are associated with a wide variety of tissue pathologies, its applications for evaluating and discerning ecological risks are limited. This study seeks to associate trends of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress to risks of muscle pathologies in blue crabs inhabiting regions of the Lagos Lagoon. Crab samples (n = 520) were selected from pollution-impacted sites of the lagoon at Iddo, Ajah, Okobaba, Makoko, and the mid-lagoon area (control site). Antioxidant enzyme capacity, i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferase, and lipid peroxidation were evaluated in the muscle tissue of the blue crabs. The study findings showed distinct patterns of metal uptake in muscle, with redox-active metals (Cu and Zn) and redox-inactive metals (Pb and Cd) exhibiting site-specific differences. Additionally, there were changes in antioxidant modulation, lipid peroxidation, and the presence of associated myopathies. Blue crabs from sites (Makoko and Ajah) with greater uptake of redox-active metals (Cu and Zn) in muscle tissue showed higher trends of lipid peroxidation and the most prevalence of severe regression-type myopathies. Sites with lower uptake of redox-active metals showed the predominance of circulatory-type myopathies. This study also provides evidence of severe necrosis and myositis associated with digenean parasite cysts in crab muscle. Pathological evidence of severe skeletal muscle deterioration in the presence of greater lipid peroxidation could have implications for motor-neuron activity and reduced force-generating capacity necessary for adaptive responses in the wild. We conclude that elevated uptake of redox metals could aggravate the onset of myopathies in wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azubuike Victor Chukwuka
- Conservation Unit, Environmental Quality Control Department, National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), Osogbo, Osun, Nigeria.
| | - Fisayo C Jerome
- Fisheries Resources Department, Marine Biology Section, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adesola Hassan
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin Ebonwu
- Fisheries Resources Department, Aquaculture Section, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Aina O Adeogun
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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7
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Gagneten AM, Regaldo L, Carriquiriborde P, Reno U, Kergaravat SV, Butinof M, Agostini H, Alvarez M, Harte A. Atrazine characterization: An update on uses, monitoring, effects, and environmental impact, for the development of regulatory policies in Argentina. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 19:684-697. [PMID: 36165001 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is the third most widely used herbicide in Argentina (10 000 t year-1 ) and is approved for sugar cane, flax, corn, sorghum, and tea. An assessment of the ATZ environmental impacts was conducted at the request of the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development of Argentina. A review of 541 national and international technical and scientific reports and a survey among agricultural technicians, applicators, and producers was done. The survey revealed that 94% of ATZ applications are terrestrial and use diversion exists, associated mainly with soybean cultivation. Atrazine was reported at high frequencies (50%-100%) in surface and groundwater, sediments, and soils, sometimes exceeding permitted limits. Several sublethal effects induced by ATZ on invertebrate and vertebrate species were found, sometimes at concentrations lower than those in water quality guidelines (<3 µg L-1 ) or the environmental concentrations found in Argentina. Available epidemiological or human health studies of local populations are extremely scarce. This assessment also demonstrated that herbicides are ubiquitous in the environment. The investigation highlights the need for further studies assessing the adverse effects of ATZ on local species, ecosystems, and human health. Therefore, the precautionary principle is recommended to promote better application standards and product traceability to reduce volumes entering the environment and to avoid use deviation. In addition, this work concluded that there is a need for reviewing the toxicological classification, establishing buffer zones for ATZ application, introducing specific management guidelines, and expanding local studies of toxicity, ecotoxicity, and human epidemiology for environmental and health risk assessments. This study could also serve as a preliminary risk evaluation for establishing a final regulatory action and for considering ATZ inclusion in Annex III of the Rotterdam Convention. Finally, the requirements to consider its inclusion in Annex A (Elimination) or B (Restriction) of the Stockholm Convention were evaluated and discussed, and information on the potential of long-range transport was the only criterion with no information to consider. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:684-697. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Gagneten
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luciana Regaldo
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Carriquiriborde
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medioambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ulises Reno
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina V Kergaravat
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Butinof
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Hernan Agostini
- Dirección Nacional de Sustancias y Productos Químicos, Secretaría de Control y Monitoreo Ambiental, Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible de la Nación (MAyDS), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melina Alvarez
- Dirección Nacional de Sustancias y Productos Químicos, Secretaría de Control y Monitoreo Ambiental, Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible de la Nación (MAyDS), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustin Harte
- Dirección Nacional de Sustancias y Productos Químicos, Secretaría de Control y Monitoreo Ambiental, Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible de la Nación (MAyDS), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Gao M, Yang N, Lei Y, Zhang W, Liu H, Lin H. Tannic acid antagonizes atrazine exposure-induced autophagy and DNA damage crosstalk in grass carp hepatocytes via NO/iNOS/NF-κB signaling pathway to maintain stable immune function. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:1075-1084. [PMID: 36396070 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR) is a herbicide widely used in grass crops. The pollution of the soil and water environment is extremely harmful to aquatic animals and their offspring. iNOS/NO upregulation, DNA damage and cellular autophagy affect the immune function of fish liver cells. The effects of ATR at exposure doses on grass carp hepatocytes in terms of autophagy and DNA damage effects in genotoxicity, as well as the antagonistic effects of TAN on the above phenotypes and the internal mechanisms are not known. Therefore, we constructed control (Con group), ATR exposure (ATR group), TAN exposure (TAN group) and mixed group (ATR + TAN group) models on grass carp hepatocytes. Validation was performed by comet assay, MDC staining, qRT-PCR and protein blotting assay as well as iNOS/NO indicator levels and expression of immune factors as these experimental methods. Our data indicate that iNOS/NO assay kit measured that ATR treatment resulted in a significant increase in iNOS/NO activity and levels in grass carp hepatocytes (p < 0.05). We also found that NO/iNOS/NF-κB pathway genes were significantly activated (p < 0.05) at the exposure dose of ATR (3 μg mL-1). In addition, the proportion of cells that died due to DNA damage, autophagy, and immunotoxic effects was significantly increased at the exposure dose of ATR. Comet assay protein blotting detected increased DNA damage in cells at the ATR exposure dose (p < 0.05). MDC staining and qRT-PCR and protein blotting to detect the proportion of autophagic cells and autophagy-related genes also appeared upregulated at the exposed dose of ATR (p < 0.05). In brief, this study showed that ATR exposure caused cellular DNA damage and autophagy via the NO/iNOS/NF-κB axis, which led to immunotoxic effects and eventual death of grass carp hepatocytes. The present study facilitates the demonstration of the molecular mechanism of TAN alleviation of ATR cytotoxicity from the perspective of NO-mediated iNOS/NF-κB axis. It provides insights into the protection of farmed fish from agricultural contaminants and opens up new horizons in the use of natural plant-derived monomers for the clinical treatment of antagonistic triazine pesticide poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichen Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Naixi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yutian Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Wenyue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Huanyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Hongjin Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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9
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El-Garawani IM, Khallaf EA, Alne-na-ei AA, Elgendy RG, Sobhy HM, Khairallah A, Hathout HMR, Malhat F, Nofal AE. The Effect of Neonicotinoids Exposure on Oreochromis niloticus Histopathological Alterations and Genotoxicity. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:1001-1009. [PMID: 36117203 PMCID: PMC9684291 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the side effects of selected neonicotinoids (Acetamiprid, Aceta, and Imidacloprid, Imid) on Oreochromis niloticus juveniles. The acute toxicity, Probit method, revealed an LC50 of 195.81 and 150.76 ppm for Aceta/96 h and Imid/72 h respectively. The fish were divided into three groups that were exposed, for 21 days (n = 5/replicate), to 1/10 of the LC50 of either neonicotinoids, however, the third was an unexposed control group. Results of erythrocytic micronucleus (MN), and nuclear abnormalities (NA) showed that Aceta and Imid exposure caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in MN by ~ 2.2 and ~ 10 folds, respectively relative to control. NAs occurred at the order of kidney-shaped > budding > binucleated in Aceta, however, budding > binucleated > kidney-shaped was noticed in the Imid group. Histopathological changes in gills, liver, and muscles were observed significantly in both exposed groups with more severity in the Imid group. Collectively, Aceta and Imid have potential genotoxicity and histopathological alterations in O. niloticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M. El-Garawani
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, 32511 Menoufia Egypt
| | - Elsayed A. Khallaf
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, 32511 Menoufia Egypt
| | - Alaa A. Alne-na-ei
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, 32511 Menoufia Egypt
| | - Rehab G. Elgendy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, 32511 Menoufia Egypt
| | - Hassan M. Sobhy
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of African Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Giza, 12613 Egypt
| | - Adel Khairallah
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, 32511 Menoufia Egypt
| | - Heba M. R. Hathout
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of African Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Giza, 12613 Egypt
| | - Farag Malhat
- Department of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 12618 Egypt
| | - Amany E. Nofal
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, 32511 Menoufia Egypt
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10
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Ahmed ZSO, Tahon MA, Hasan RS, El-Sayed HGM, AbuBaker HO, Ahmed IM, Ahmed YH. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular investigation of atrazine toxic effect on some organs of adult male albino rats with a screening of Acacia nilotica as a protective trial. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:83797-83809. [PMID: 35771327 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is a widely used herbicide; however, it has deleterious effects. The current study aimed to investigate the potential toxic effect of ATZ as a neuroendocrine disruptor on the cerebellum and thyroid gland and on the liver as a detoxifying organ. We examined the ability of ATZ to induce oxidative stress and subsequent apoptosis in these organs. Moreover, we investigated the potential protective effect of Acacia nilotica, because of its potent antioxidant activity. Thus, our study was carried out on 40 adult male albino rats that were divided equally into 4 groups (10 rats/each group). The first group received distilled water, while the second group received ATZ dissolved in corn oil at 200 mg/kg body weight/day by stomach gavage. The third group was treated orally by ATZ (200 mg/kg body weight/day) plus Acacia nilotica (400 mg/kg/day). Group IV received Acacia nilotica only at a dose (400 mg/kg/day). After successive 30 days of the experiment, blood and tissue samples were collected from all groups. Our findings revealed the ability of ATZ to induce toxic effects was observed microscopically in the form of degenerated neurons and vacuolated neuropil of the cerebellum, degenerated hepatocytes, and vacuolation of the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. Furthermore, ATZ significantly elevated AST, ALT, and ALP serum levels and TB concentration, while decreased GSH. DNA fragmentation% and activated caspase-3 expression significantly increased after ATZ exposure. Interestingly, Acacia nilotica administration was able to partially protect the examined organs against the toxic effect of ATZ exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Sabry Othman Ahmed
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- King Salman International University, Ras Sudr, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelaziz Tahon
- Central laboratory of residue analysis of pesticides and heavy metal in food, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Randa S Hasan
- Regional Center for Food and Feed (RCFF), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hazem G M El-Sayed
- Regional Center for Food and Feed (RCFF), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Huda O AbuBaker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ismaiel M Ahmed
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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11
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Gopi N, Iswarya A, Vijayakumar S, Jayanthi S, Nor SAM, Velusamy P, Vaseeharan B. Protective effects of dietary supplementation of probiotic Bacillus licheniformis Dahb1 against ammonia induced immunotoxicity and oxidative stress in Oreochromis mossambicus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 259:109379. [PMID: 35609808 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of probiotics in mitigating ammonia-induced toxicity in fish. Fish were divided into four groups: control, only probiotic, only ammonia, and combined ammonia + probiotic. For 8 weeks, the Oreochromis mossambicus were exposed to waterborne ammonia at 1.0 mg L-1 and/or dietary Bacillus licheniformis Dahb1 at 107 cfu g-1. After the 4th and 8th weeks, the fish were evaluated for growth performance, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) reduced glutathione (GSH), neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase - AChE), non-specific immune responses (lysozyme (LYZ), myeloperoxidase (MPO), reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNS and ROS) and oxidative stress effects (lipid peroxidation (LPO), DNA damage)). Our results showed that in the absence of waterborne ammonia exposure, B. licheniformis Dahb1 significantly improved growth performance, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity, AChE activity, non-specific immune response and decreased oxidative stress effect. Ammonia exposure resulted in significantly lower growth performance, reduced enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant ability, decreased AChE activity, decreased non-specific immune response and increased oxidative stress effect. When O. mossambicus were exposed to ammonia, supplementation with B. licheniformis Dahb1 in the diet significantly increased survival, indicating that it may have a significant protective effect against ammonia toxicity by enhancing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant ability, activity of AChE, non-specific immune response and reduced oxidative stress effect. According to our findings, diet supplementation of B. licheniformis Dahb1 (107 cfu g-1) has the potential to combat ammonia toxicity in O. mossambicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Gopi
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6(th) Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004,Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arokiadhas Iswarya
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6(th) Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004,Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Agricultural Research Organization, 7528809 Rishon, Letziyon, Israel
| | - Sekar Vijayakumar
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6(th) Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004,Tamil Nadu, India; Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Sangily Jayanthi
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6(th) Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004,Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Siti Azizah Mohd Nor
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Palaniyandi Velusamy
- Research & Development Wing, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (SBMCH)- Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai 600 044, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6(th) Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004,Tamil Nadu, India.
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12
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Saleh SMM, Mohamed IA, Fathy M, Sayed AEDH. Neuro-hepatopathological changes in juvenile Oreochromis niloticus exposed to sublethal concentrations of commercial herbicides. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 93:103871. [PMID: 35500867 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The current study estimates the impact of different common herbicides on antioxidant defenses and histological structure of liver and spinal cord of juvenile tilapia. Eighty-four fish were divided into seven groups: group 1 fish acted as controls and the remaining fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of acetochlor, bispyribac-sodium, bentazon, bensulfuron-methyl, halosulfuron-methyl, or quinclorac at sublethal concentrations 2.625, 0.800, 36.00, 2.50, 1.275, and 11.250 mg/l, respectively, for 96 h. Antioxidant parameters changed in response to some test herbicides and the greatest effects were caused by exposure to acetochlor and quinelorac for all antioxidant measurements. Prominent histological changes in liver tissue included loss of liver architecture and the appearance of fatty liver cells, necrotic areas, foci of leukocytic infiltration and many apoptotic cells. The most obvious changes in the spinal cord in all treated fish were degradation of myelinated white matter fibers with the emergence of empty spaces, large aggregation of pyknotic neuroglial nuclei, and damaged areas in the dorsal horn of gray matter. Collectively, the harmful effect of tested herbicides on antioxidant capacity and significant alterations in histological structures of liver and spinal cord of Oreochromis niloticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M M Saleh
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A Mohamed
- Plant protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fathy
- Plant protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt.
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13
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Reichert LMM, de Oliveira DR, Papaleo JL, Valgas AAN, Oliveira GT. Biochemical and body condition markers in Rhinella icterica tadpoles exposed to atrazine, glyphosate, and quinclorac based herbicides in ecologically relevant concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 93:103884. [PMID: 35577267 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Amphibians have suffered population decline due to several factors, including exposure to pesticides. In the south of Brazil, rice cultivations use herbicides based on atrazine, glyphosate and quinclorac as the commercial formulations Primoleo®, Roundup® and Facet®, respectively. Rhinella icterica was chosen to evaluate oxidative balance markers and body condition after exposure to three concentrations of herbicides (10, 20 and 40 µg/L of atrazine and quinclorac; 100, 250 and 500 µg/L of glyphosate). These xenobiotics, regardless of the concentrations used, accelerated the development process of animals and seemed to act as modulators of development. We observed no significant variations for any of the oxidative balance markers studied (superoxide dismutase, catalase, TBARS and carbonylated proteins); however, we cannot rule out that other antioxidant system components prevent oxidative stress. In general, atrazine and glyphosate accelerated the development of tadpoles, and quinclorac retards this process, which could impact the survival of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leici Maria Machado Reichert
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, School of Health and Life Sciences, Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Brazil; PPG- Ecology and Biodiversity Evolution.
| | - Diogo Reis de Oliveira
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, School of Health and Life Sciences, Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Brazil.
| | - Jonas Londero Papaleo
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, School of Health and Life Sciences, Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Brazil.
| | - Artur Antunes Navarro Valgas
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, School of Health and Life Sciences, Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Brazil; PPG, Animal Biology (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul), Brazil.
| | - Guendalina Turcato Oliveira
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, School of Health and Life Sciences, Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Brazil; PPG- Ecology and Biodiversity Evolution.
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14
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Silveyra GR, Medesani DA, Rodríguez EM. Effects of the Herbicide Atrazine on Crustacean Reproduction. Mini-Review. Front Physiol 2022; 13:926492. [PMID: 35784891 PMCID: PMC9244840 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.926492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrazine, one of the most intensively applied herbicides worldwide, is commonly found in several water bodies, affecting the associated fauna. Autochthon crustacean species have been relatively less studied, compared to vertebrate species, particularly concerning reproductive success. In this mini-review, we summarize the relevant information about the effects of atrazine exposure on the main reproductive aspects of crustaceans. One of these effects is related to the inhibition of ovarian growth. In this respect, a diminished vitellogenin content was found in the ovary of crabs exposed to atrazine during the entire period of ovarian growth, in correlation with a reduced oocyte size and a delay of ovarian maturation. Similar results were observed in crayfish. Atrazine was also able to affect the reproductive process, acting as an endocrine disruptor. In this sense, this herbicide was suspected to affect the secretion of some neurohormones involved in the gonadal growth, as well as to alter the circulating levels of steroid hormones which promote the synthesis of vitellogenin for ovarian growth. Moreover, atrazine induced sexual differentiation in juvenile crayfish toward a higher proportion of females, while it produced an increment of males in daphnids. Another aspect affected by this herbicide was the reduction of offspring production, as well as several embryonic abnormalities; genotoxic effects have been also reported in crayfish. Finally, some metabolic imbalances, such as reduction in energy reserves, have been observed in some species, together with oxidative stress and histopathological effects.
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15
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Viana NP, da Silva LCM, Portruneli N, Soares MP, Cardoso IL, Bonansea RI, Goulart BV, Montagner CC, Espíndola ELG, Wunderlin DA, Fernandes MN. Bioconcentration and toxicological impacts of fipronil and 2,4-D commercial formulations (single and in mixture) in the tropical fish, Danio rerio. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11685-11698. [PMID: 34546525 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The insecticide fipronil and the herbicide 2,4-D are the most applied pesticides in sugarcane crops leading to aquatic contamination. The whole-body bioconcentration of fipronil and 2,4-D, single and in mixture, was evaluated in Danio rerio after 96-h exposure. The activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase(GST) in whole body and in the gills and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in muscle were determined. The gill histopathology and the morphology of the pavement (PVC) and the mitochondria-rich(MRC) cells at gill surface were analyzed. Bioconcentration occurred after exposure to fipronil (2.69 L kg-1) and 2,4-D (1.73 L kg-1) single and in mixture of fipronil (3.10 L kg-1) and 2,4-D (1.27 L kg-1). Whole-body CAT activity was unchanged, and its activity decreased in the gills after exposure to fipronil and increased after exposure to 2,4-D and mixture. GST and AChE increased after single exposure to each pesticide and mixture of both. Fish exposed to mixture increased the MRC fractional area (MRCFA) which suggested possible ionic regulation disturbance and reduced the microridge of the PVC surface. Synergistic interactions occurred in the CAT activity and MRCFA after exposure to mixture of pesticides. The results indicate that the recommended application dose of fipronil and 2,4-D, single or in mixture, for sugarcane crops affects this fish species altering its homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Prudêncio Viana
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Laís Conceição Menezes da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Engenharia Ambiental, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (NEEA/CRHEA/SHS), Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Natália Portruneli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Michelly Pereira Soares
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
- Programa Interinstitucional de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos/Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Israel Luz Cardoso
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
- Programa Interinstitucional de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos/Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Rocío Inés Bonansea
- Faculdade de Ciências Químicas, Universidade Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Bianca Veloso Goulart
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Carolina Montagner
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Engenharia Ambiental, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (NEEA/CRHEA/SHS), Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | | | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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16
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Ali MF, Soliman AA, Gewaily MS, Abdel-Kader TY, Amer AA, Zaineldin AI, Al-Asgah NA, Younis EM, Abdel-Warith AWA, Sewilam H, Dawood MA. Isatis phytogenic relieved atrazine induced growth retardation, hepato-renal dysfunction, and oxidative stress in Nile tilapia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:190-196. [PMID: 35002408 PMCID: PMC8716907 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of herbicides causes health and economic loss, which requires innovative solutions to sustain the aquaculture industry. In this regard, dietary isatis is included in Nile tilapia diets to relieve atrazine (ATZ)-induced growth retardation, hepato-renal dysfunction, and oxidative stress. The first and second groups offered the control diet (control), while the third and fourth groups offered the isatis supplemented diet (1%). Meantime, half of the water was replaced and mixed with ATZ (1.39 mg/L) in the second and fourth groups for 30 days. The group of fish delivered isatis had significantly enhanced FBW, WG, and SGR, while fish intoxicated with ATZ had meaningfully impaired growth behavior (p < 0.05). Further, the FCR was improved by isatis, and ATZ resulted in the worst FCR among the groups. Interestingly fish fed isatis and exposed with ATZ (88.89%) had a higher survival rate than fish exposed with ATZ without isatis feeding, and both are lower than the control (97.78%) (p < 0.05). The histological structure in the isatis-treated groups showed distinguished enhancement and branching of the intestinal villi. The intestine of ATZ-treated fish revealed damage and inflammatory cell infiltration in the intestinal mucosa with separation of lining epithelium. Generally, fish fed isatis and intoxicated with ATZ had lower uric acid, urea, creatinine, ALT, and AST and higher total protein, globulin, and albumin than fish exposed with ATZ without feeding with isatis (p < 0.05). Markedly, fish-fed isatis had the highest SOD, CAT, GPx, and the lowest MDA level compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, fish exposed with ATZ had the worst SOD, CAT, GPx, and the highest MDA level compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). In summary, dietary isatis relieved ATZ induced growth retardation, hepato-renal dysfunction, and oxidative stress in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F. Ali
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Ali A. Soliman
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S. Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Taheya Y. Abdel-Kader
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Asem A. Amer
- Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Sharkia, Sakha Aquaculture Research Unit, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Amr I. Zaineldin
- Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI-DOKI), Agriculture Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33511, Egypt
| | - Nasser A. Al-Asgah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed M. Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel-Wahab A. Abdel-Warith
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Sewilam
- Department of Engineering Hydrology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mahmoud A.O. Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
- The Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Portruneli N, Bonansea RI, Valdés ME, da Silva LCM, Viana NP, Goulart BV, Souza IDC, Espíndola ELG, Montagner CC, Wunderlin DA, Fernandes MN. Whole-body bioconcentration and biochemical and morphological responses of gills of the neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus exposed to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or fipronil individually or in a mixture. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 240:105987. [PMID: 34644674 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and the insecticide fipronil have been used widely in agriculture and detected in aquatic ecosystems, where they threaten wildlife. This study evaluated the whole-body bioconcentration and the biochemical and morphological changes in the gills of the neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus exposed for 96 h to 2,4-D or fipronil as single compounds or as a mixture (2,4-D + fipronil). Fish exposed to either compound alone bioconcentrated 2,4-D (77 ± 23 ng g - 1 fish dry mass) and fipronil (789 ± 178 ng g - 1 fish dry mass). Fish exposed to 2,4-D + fipronil bioconcentrated fipronil (683 ± 73 ng g - 1 fish dry mass) but not 2,4-D. In the gills, catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities and the lipid peroxidation (LPO) level increased after exposure to 2,4-D. GST activity increased after exposure to fipronil. Conversely, no changes occurred in CAT and GST activities and LPO upon exposure to 2,4-D + fipronil. Histopathological changes such as hyperplasia, cellular hypertrophy, epithelial lifting, and vascular congestion were frequent in the gills of fish exposed to 2,4-D or fipronil individually or 2,4-D + fipronil. The mitochondria-rich cell (MRC) density increased on gill surface in fish exposed to fipronil or 2,4-D + fipronil. Only exposure to 2,4-D alone induced oxidative stress in the gills. Most morphological changes showed defense responses against the pesticides; however, hypertrophy and the change in MRC indicated compensatory responses to maintain the gill osmoregulatory function. The 2,4-D + fipronil mixture showed antagonistic interaction, except for the MRC fractional area at gill surface, which showed synergistic interaction. This is the first report showing antagonistic interaction of 2,4-D and fipronil in the gills after exposing fish to the mixture of both pesticides. The biochemical and morphological changes in gills endanger the gill functions, a phenomenon that implies an energy cost for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Portruneli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Rocío Inés Bonansea
- ICYTAC: Instituto de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Alimentos Córdoba, CONICET e Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Eugenia Valdés
- ICYTAC: Instituto de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Alimentos Córdoba, CONICET e Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Natália Prudêncio Viana
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Bianca V Goulart
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Iara da Costa Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Cassiana Carolina Montagner
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Daniel Alberto Wunderlin
- ICYTAC: Instituto de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Alimentos Córdoba, CONICET e Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brasil.
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Fantón N, Cazenave J, Michlig MP, Repetti MR, Rossi A. Biomarkers of exposure and effect in the armoured catfish Hoplosternum littorale during a rice production cycle. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117356. [PMID: 34020257 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fish cultivation in rice fields is a valuable resource in some rural areas of the world. Fish is a source of protein and an additional source of income for local farmers. However, the use of pesticides may impact fish and consumer health. The aim of this study was to evaluate exposure and effect biomarkers in native fish inhabiting a rice field during a production cycle. Samples of fish, water and sediment from a rice field in Santa Fe, Argentina were collected during a cultivation season (at the beginning: November 2017, in the middle: December 2017 and at the end: February 2018). At each sampling period, fish biomarkers of effect (biometric indices, hematological parameters, energy reserves, oxidative stress and neurotoxicity) were assessed together with pesticide screening in water, sediment, and fish samples. Only herbicides were present in water and sediment samples in agreement with land treatment before rice sowing stage, where only herbicides were applied. In general, the greatest water concentrations of bentazone, glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and the lowest sediment glyphosate and AMPA levels were observed at the beginning of the farming cycle. Fish bioaccumulated AMPA residues at all sampling periods and showed biological responses to cope with a stressful environment. Alterations in hematological parameters, mobilization of energetic reserves and activation of the antioxidant system were detected. However, no oxidative damage nor neurotoxic effects were present along the production cycle. Under a real exposure scenario, the present work demonstrates that biological changes are induced in fish to cope with stressors present in a rice field. Fish-rice coculture is an efficient and ecologically sustainable approach to increase food supplies, and a better understanding of the effect of this particular environment on fish would allow a greater and safer development of this promising productive activity in South American rice producing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Fantón
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Jimena Cazenave
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (FHUC-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Melina P Michlig
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos (PRINARC), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, UNL, Santiago del Estero 2654, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María R Repetti
- Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos (PRINARC), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, UNL, Santiago del Estero 2654, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (FHUC-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Abdel-Warith AWA, Younis EM, Al-Asgah NA, Gewaily MS, El-Tonoby SM, Dawood MAO. Role of Fucoidan on the Growth Behavior and Blood Metabolites and Toxic Effects of Atrazine in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051448. [PMID: 34069982 PMCID: PMC8157872 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Toxic derivatives reach the ponds and cages where fish are grown, and the continuous exposure to these contaminants proved to impair the healthy status of several finfish species. In some countries famous for cultivating rice and corn, atrazine (ATZ) is massively applied to protect plants from invaders. Many functional additives are permitted for application in the aquaculture sector as natural alternatives for chemotherapies. In this study, the toxicity impacts of ATZ and the protective role of fucoidan were investigated on the health performance of Nile tilapia. Long-term exposure to ATZ resulted in low growth rate, impaired hepato-renal function, intestinal inflammation, and oxidative stress in Nile tilapia. However, the obtained results soundly support fucoidan’s potential role to cope with the impacts of ATZ on Nile tilapia. Abstract Waterborne herbicides are stressful agents that threaten the productivity and safety of finfish species. In this study, the toxicity impacts of atrazine (ATZ) and the protective role of fucoidan were investigated on the health performance of Nile tilapia. For 40 days, the total number of 180 Nile tilapia was assigned in four groups (triplicates, 15 fish/replicate), where the first (control) and third groups were offered the control diet, while the second and fourth groups were offered a fucoidan (FCN). Further, in the third and fourth groups, the water was mixed with atrazine (ATZ) at 1.39 mg/L daily. The growth rate, FCR, and survival rate were markedly enhanced by fucoidan but severely declined by ATZ exposure (p < 0.05). The morphological structure of the intestine in the control fish revealed normal structure, while fucoidan-treated groups showed eminent enhancement and branching of the intestinal villi. The intestine of ATZ-treated fish revealed deterioration and the intestinal mucosa, inflammatory cell infiltration, and separation of lining epithelium. The highest Hb, PCV, RBCs, WBCs, total protein, and albumin were observed in Nile tilapia fed fucoidan, but the worst values were seen in ATZ-intoxicated fish (p < 0.05). The liver-related enzymes (ALT and AST) and kidney function (urea and creatinine) showed impaired values by ATZ toxicity and were regulated by dietary fucoidan. Meanwhile, fish fed fucoidan and exposed to ATZ had lower total cholesterol and triglyceride values than fish exposed to ATZ without fucoidan feeding (p < 0.05). The SOD, CAT, GPx, cortisol, and glucose levels were increased in ATZ-exposed fish and reduced by fucoidan (p < 0.05). However, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced in fucoidan-fed fish and increased in ATZ-exposed fish (p < 0.05). Altogether, dietary fucoidan is required in fish diets to alleviate the impacts of ATZ-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Wahab A. Abdel-Warith
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.-W.A.A.-W.); (E.M.Y.); (N.A.A.-A.)
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Elsayed M. Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.-W.A.A.-W.); (E.M.Y.); (N.A.A.-A.)
| | - Nasser A. Al-Asgah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.-W.A.A.-W.); (E.M.Y.); (N.A.A.-A.)
| | - Mahmoud S. Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Shaimaa M. El-Tonoby
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud A. O. Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
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20
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Gao X, Liu X, Song X, Teng P, Ji H, Peng L, Qiu Y, Guo D, Jiang S. Effect of maduramicin on crayfish (Procambius clarkii): Hematological parameters, oxidative stress, histopathological changes and stress response. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 211:111896. [PMID: 33440267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Maduramicin, an extensively used anticoccidial drug, has been introduced into environment due to poorly absorbed in the intestine of broiler chicken. To understand the potential ecological toxicity of maduramicin on aquatic organisms, acute and subacute toxicity, hemolymph biochemistry, histopathology and the expressions of drug metabolism and stress response genes of crayfish (Procambius clarkii) were investigated in this study. For the first time, the 96 h median lethal concentration (LC50) of maduramicin on crayfish was 67.03 mgL-1 with a 95% confidence interval (54.06-81.32 mgL-1). Then, the crayfish were exposed to 0.7 mgL-1 (1/100 LC50), 3.5 mgL-1 (1/20 LC50) and 7.0 mgL-1 (1/10 LC50) maduramicin for 28 days. Maduramicin significantly altered biochemical parameters including AST, ALT, CK, LDH and ALP of hemolymph in crayfish at several time points. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) of crayfish gills, hepatopancreas and abdominal muscle were significantly decreased or elevated by different concentrations of maduramicin treatment at varying time points. Furthermore, histopathological damage of crayfish gills, hepatopancreas and abdominal muscle were observed in a concentration-dependent manner. The expressions of metabolic and stress response genes (CYP450, GST, COX1, COX2, HSP70 and MT) in hepatopancreas of crayfish were significantly up-regulated by maduramicin (7.0 mgL-1) treatment for 8 h to 7 d, and returned to normal levels after the removal of maduramicin for 3-7 days. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that environmental exposure of maduramicin threaten to the health of crayfish living in the areas nearby livestock farms or pharmaceutical factory. Crayfish exhibited resistance to the stress of maduramicin via activating drug metabolite and detoxification pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuge Gao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xinhao Song
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Pei Teng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Hui Ji
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Lin Peng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yawei Qiu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Dawei Guo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shanxiang Jiang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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21
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Sachi ITDC, Bonomo MM, Sakuragui MM, Modena PZ, Paulino MG, Carlos RM, Fernandes JB, Fernandes MN. Biochemical and morphological biomarker responses in the gills of a Neotropical fish exposed to a new flavonoid metal-insecticide. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111459. [PMID: 33069948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The flavonoid metal-insecticide [Mg(hesp)2(phen)], denominated MgHP, has high potential for controlling agricultural pests. If applied in large scale, it may reach aquatic ecosystems and be harmful to the biota. This study evaluated the effects of MgHP in the gills of the Neotropical fish, Prochilodus lineatus by determining the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione s-transferase (GST), and the levels of glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) after 24 and 96 h exposure to 0, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg L-1. The histopathological changes with emphases to mitochondria-rich cells (MRC) were evaluated as well. After 24 h exposure the enzyme activities and the GSH and LPO levels were unchanged however, after 96 h exposure to high MgHP concentration (1000 μg L-1), the GST activity and GSH levels increased. Oxidative stress measured as LPO levels did not occur after MgHP exposure in both periods. Gill tissue alterations increased after MgHP exposure to 10, 100 and 1000 μg L-1. Cellular atrophy, pillar cells changes, filament epithelium hyperplasia and hypertrophy, lamellar epithelium hyperplasia were the most frequent histopathology. MRC in the filament epithelium decreased after exposure to 24 h and increased after 96 h indicating possible transitory osmo-ionic disruption. P. lineatus exhibited high tolerance to MgHP. The increased GST activity and GSH levels after 96 h exposure suggested possible MgHP accumulation and concentration- and time-dependent response. Histopathology in the gills of exposed fish occurred at high MgHP concentrations. These results suggested that the MgHP into water, at high concentrations, affect the gills by changing GST activity, GSH levels and histology being useful biomarkers for MgHP water contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivelise Teresa de Castro Sachi
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13563-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington, Luiz Km 235, 13563-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Marques Bonomo
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13563-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington, Luiz Km 235, 13563-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marise Margareth Sakuragui
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13563-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington, Luiz Km 235, 13563-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Pamela Zaganin Modena
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington, Luiz Km 235, 13563-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gustavo Paulino
- Federal University of Tocantins, Campus Araguaína, Avenida Paraguai, s/n°, Setor Cimba, 77824-838 Araguaína, TO, Brazil
| | - Rose Maria Carlos
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - João Batista Fernandes
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13563-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington, Luiz Km 235, 13563-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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22
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Destro ALF, Silva SB, Gregório KP, de Oliveira JM, Lozi AA, Zuanon JAS, Salaro AL, da Matta SLP, Gonçalves RV, Freitas MB. Effects of subchronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of the herbicide atrazine in the Neotropical fish Astyanax altiparanae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111601. [PMID: 33396121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is among the most widely used herbicides in the world, and yet it has a potential to contaminate aquatic environments due to pesticide leaching from agricultural areas. In the Neotropical region, studies about the effects of this herbicide in native aquatic wildlife is scarce.Our study aimed at investigating the effects of a 30-day exposure to a commercial atrazine formulation on oxidative stress parameters, histopathology in testis and liver, and hormone levels in males and female of yellow-tailed tetra fish (Astyanax altiparanae). Adults were exposed to low but environmentally relevant concentrations of atrazine as follows: 0 (CTL-control), 0.5 (ATZ0.5), 1 (ATZ1), 2 (ATZ2) and 10 (ATZ10) μg/L. Our results showed decreased GST activity in gills in all groups of exposed animals and increased CAT activity in gills from the ATZ10 group. In the liver, there was an increase in lipid peroxidation in fish from ATZ1 and ATZ2 groups. Histological analysis of the liver showed increased percentage of sinusoid capillaries in ATZ2 fish, increased vascular congestion in ATZ1 and increased leukocyte infiltration in the ATZ10 group. Hepatocyte diameter analysis revealed a decrease in cell size in all groups exposed to ATZ, and a decrease in hepatocyte nucleus diameter in ATZ1, ATZ2 and ATZ10 groups. Endocrine parameters did not show significant changes following ATZ exposure, although an increase of triiodothyronine/thyroxine (T3/T4) ratio was observed in ATZ2 fish. Our results provide evidence that even low, environmentally relevant concentrations of ATZ produced oxidative damage and histological alterations in adult yellow-tailed tetra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza F Destro
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Stella B Silva
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Kemilli P Gregório
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda A Lozi
- Department of Cellular and structural Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Lúcia Salaro
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariella B Freitas
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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23
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Akhtar N, Fiaz Khan M, Tabassum S, Zahran E. Adverse effects of atrazine on blood parameters, biochemical profile and genotoxicity of snow trout ( Schizothorax plagiostomus). Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1999-2003. [PMID: 33732085 PMCID: PMC7938141 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the adverse effects of atrazine on hematology, biochemistry and genotoxicity of snow trout (Schizothorax plagiostomus). Almost all treated groups presented considerably (P < 0.05) lesser values of hematocrit, hemoglobin, WBC, RBC, MCH, MCHC, monocytes and lymphocytes while significantly higher values of HCT and platelets are observed. A Significant decrease is observed in sodium, calcium, potassium, phosphorous, triglycerides, creatinine, urea, and total protein contents whereas, a significant increase is observed in cholesterol and glucose level. Significant (P < 0.05) alterations are observed in enzyme activities of all treated groups. DNA damage was observed at the concentrations (2-4 ppm). Results showed that Comet assay is reliable for evaluating the toxicity and is helpful in environmental monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Akhtar
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan
| | | | - Sadia Tabassum
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Eman Zahran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Bonomo MM, Sachi ITDC, Paulino MG, Fernandes JB, Carlos RM, Fernandes MN. Multi-biomarkers approach to access the impact of novel metal-insecticide based on flavonoid hesperidin on fish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115758. [PMID: 33022572 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystem health is the main concern to increasing pesticides application to control agricultural pests as it is the ultimate receptor of such materials. This study evaluated the impact of new metal-insecticide, the [Mg(hesp)2(phen)], referred as MgHP, on fish using physiological, genetic, biochemical, and morphological biomarkers. The fish, Prochilodus lineatus, was exposed to 0 (control), 1, 10, 100, 1000 μg L-1 MgHP, for 24 and 96 h. MgHP was not lethal but caused genotoxicity, altered hematological variables and, the activity of antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes and histology of liver, depending on concentration and time exposure. Hematocrit and erythrocyte number (RBC) increased without change hemoglobin content resulting in changes in hematimetric indexes after 24 h; after 96 h, only RBC was changed. Erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities and crenate cells increased after 24 h but, not after 96 h. Erythrocytes and hepatocytes indicated instability in DNA integrity however, the absence of micronuclei suggested DNA damage repairment. After 24 h, the antioxidant defense system and the phase II biotransformation enzyme was responsiveness and catalase activity decreased at high MgHP concentrations; the antioxidant response was triggered after 96 h. Hepatocyte hypertrophy, intracellular cytoplasmic substances, cytoplasm degeneration, melanomacrophage and hyperemia increased in fish exposed from 10 μg L-1 to higher MgHP concentrations; the organ alteration index increased as MgHP concentration increased showing dose-dependence. Most of hematological and genotoxic effects occurred after 24 h exposure evidencing potential recover capability of organism by activation of the antioxidant defense system and DNA repairment mechanisms. Nevertheless, the histopathological changes in the liver was maintained over time at high MgHP concentrations, a concentration usually no environmental relevant. In conclusion, this data reinforced the importance of continuing research on MgHP effects in other organisms considering the promising use of such compound to control the leaf-cutter ants and other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Marques Bonomo
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luiz Highway, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Av. Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ivelise Teresa de Castro Sachi
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luiz Highway, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Av. Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Gustavo Paulino
- Federal University of Tocantins, Campus Araguaína, Avenida Paraguai, s/n°, Setor Cimba, 77824-838, Araguaína, TO, Brazil.
| | - João Batista Fernandes
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Av. Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rose Maria Carlos
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Av. Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luiz Highway, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Av. Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Chiste BM, Takeshita NA, Mattioli CC, Jonsson CM, Barizon RM, Hisano H. Risk assessment and acute toxicological effects of atrazine on Nile tilapia larvae after stress. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2020; 56:23-29. [PMID: 33064597 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1831863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the risk assessment, median lethal concentration LC50-96h, development, and mortality of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus larvae exposed to atrazine after stress management. An LC50-96h trial was carried out using fish (n = 147; 8.5 ± 1.0 mg; seven larvae/aquarium), which were allocated randomly in 21 aquaria (1 L) and exposed to five concentrations of atrazine: 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 mg L-1 plus one control (without herbicide) and a control with a solubility adjuvant (acetone). Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and total ammonia were measured daily. In addition, a stress test was performed with fish (n = 150; 17.9 ± 1.7 mg; 10 larvae/aquarium) submitted to air exposition (five minutes) and posteriorly distributed randomly in 15 aquaria (1 L), and exposed to atrazine at 0.18, 6, 12, and 18 mg L-1. The LC50-96h of atrazine for Nile tilapia larvae was 17.87 mg L-1. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found for weight and final length, pH, and dissolved oxygen that was responsive to the increased levels of herbicide. Larvae mortality post-stress was registered to 6, 12, and 18 mg L-1 of atrazine, and was more critical at 24 h. The increased doses of atrazine used in LC50-96h test depressed the development of Nile tilapia larvae. Fish submitted to stress (air exposition) and exposed to sub-lethal doses of atrazine showed significant mortality, indicating that stressors may increase the toxic effect of atrazine for Nile tilapia larvae. On the other hand, based on risk assessment atrazine can be classified as herbicide with low toxicity for Nile tilapia larvae and low toxicological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Milke Chiste
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa Environment, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claudio Martin Jonsson
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa Environment, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Hamilton Hisano
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa Environment, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil
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Guo H, Lin W, Wu X, Wang L, Zhang D, Li L, Li D, Tang R, Yang L, Qiu Y. Survival strategies of Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) juveniles for chronic ammonia exposure: Antioxidant defense and the synthesis of urea and glutamine. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 230:108707. [PMID: 31953219 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore how Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) survive and defend against the toxicity of ambient total ammonia nitrogen (0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 mg/L TA-N) during 30-day exposure. As a result, hepatic malondialdehyde and protein carbonylation as well as histopathological alterations increased with increasing TA-N level, which suggested that chronic ammonia exposure caused oxidative stress and damage in the liver of fish. Meanwhile, the activities of hepatic total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) as well as the mRNA expression of Cu/Zn sod, cat, gpx and g6pd were elevated significantly along with significant reduction of glutathione (GSH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) (P < 0.05). These results indicated that hepatic antioxidant responses were activated to alleviate oxidative damages induced by ammonia, in which lower-concentration ammonia only initiate SOD-CAT-GR-G6PDH defense and higher ammonia activated the SOD-CAT-GPx-GSH-GR-G6PDH antioxidant response. In addition, significant increases of serum urea and hepatic ammonia, urea, glutamine, arginase as well as glutamine synthetase were detected with the increase of TA-N (P < 0.05), while serum ammonia levels kept stable (P > 0.05). The present findings further revealed that ammonia could be detoxified directly into glutamine and urea in Wuchang bream to cope with ammonia exposure. In conclusion, under chronic ammonia exposure, enhanced hepatic antioxidant responses as well as increased urea and glutamine synthesis worked in combination to allow Megalobrama amblycephala to defend against environmental ammonia toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Guo
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Wang Lin
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xueyang Wu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Lingkai Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Li Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Rong Tang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Liping Yang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yuming Qiu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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Alderman SL, Dilkumar CM, Avey SR, Farrell AP, Kennedy CJ, Gillis TE. Effects of diluted bitumen exposure and recovery on the seawater acclimation response of Atlantic salmon smolts. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 221:105419. [PMID: 32014643 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Petrogenic chemicals are common and widespread contaminants in the aquatic environment. In Canada, increased extraction of bitumen from the oil sands and transport of the major crude oil export product, diluted bitumen (dilbit), amplifies the risk of a spill and contamination of Canadian waterways. Fish exposed to sublethal concentrations of crude oil can experience a variety of adverse physiological effects including osmoregulatory dysfunction. As regulation of water and ion balance is crucial during the seawater transition of anadromous fish, the hypothesis that dilbit impairs seawater acclimation in Atlantic salmon smolts (a fish at risk of exposure in Canada) was tested. Smolts were exposed for 24 d to the water-soluble fraction of dilbit in freshwater, and then transferred directly to seawater or allowed a 1 wk depuration period in uncontaminated freshwater prior to seawater transfer. The seawater acclimation response was quantified at 1 and 7 d post-transfer using established hematological, tissue, and molecular endpoints including gill Na+/K+-ATPase gene expression (nka). All smolts, irrespective of dilbit exposure, increased serum Na+ concentrations and osmolality within 1 d of seawater transfer. The recovery of these parameters to freshwater values by 7 d post-transfer was likely driven by the increased expression and activity of Na+/K+-ATPase in the gill. Histopathological changes in the gill were not observed; however, CYP1A-like immunoreactivity was detected in the pillar cells of gill lamellae of fish exposed to 67.9 μg/L PAC. Concentration-specific changes in kidney expression of a transmembrane water channel, aquaporin 3, occurred during seawater acclimation, but were resolved with 1 wk of depuration and were not associated with histopathological changes. In conclusion, apart from a robust CYP response in the gill, dilbit exposure did not greatly impact common measures of seawater acclimation, suggesting that significant osmoregulatory dysfunction is unlikely to occur if Atlantic salmon smolts are exposed sub-chronically to dilbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Alderman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Sean R Avey
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony P Farrell
- Department of Zoology and Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher J Kennedy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Todd E Gillis
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Liang X, Liu L, Wang Y, Guo H, Fan H, Zhang C, Hou L, Liu Z. Autophagy-driven NETosis is a double-edged sword - Review. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110065. [PMID: 32200255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular mechanism responsible for delivering protein aggregates or damaged organelles to lysosomes for degradation. It is also simultaneously a precise regulatory process, which is crucial for dealing with hunger, oxidative stress, and pathogen defense. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs), which form a part of a newly described bactericidal process, are reticular structures composed of a DNA backbone and multiple functional proteins, formed via a process known as NETosis. NETs exert their anti-infection activity by capturing pathogenic microorganisms, inhibiting their spread and inactivating virulence factors. However, NETs may also activate an immune response in non-infectious diseases, leading to tissue damage. Although the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unclear, a large number of studies have suggested that autophagy may be involved. Autophagy-mediated NETs not only induce inflammation and tissue damage, but can also lead to cell senescence, malignant transformation, and cell death. Autophagy-dependent NETs also play a beneficial role in the hostwith respect to pathogen clearance and immune defense. Through careful review of the literature, we have found that the distinct roles of autophagy in NETosis may be dependent on the extent of autophagy and the specific manner in which it was induced. This article summarizes numerous recent studies, and reviews the role of autophagy-driven NETosis in various diseases, in the hope that this will lead to the development of more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China
| | - Haipeng Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China
| | - Hua Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China
| | - Lili Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China
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29
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Delunardo FAC, Paulino MG, Medeiros LCC, Fernandes MN, Scherer R, Chippari-Gomes AR. Morphological and histopathological changes in seahorse (Hippocampus reidi) gills after exposure to the water-accommodated fraction of diesel oil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 150:110769. [PMID: 31785847 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Industrial activities and urbanization are the main sources of pollutants in estuarine environments. Diesel, which is widely used in urban and port activities, is an important source of hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment, and its water-accommodated fraction (WAF) is toxic to the local biota. This study was performed to analyze the effects of diesel oil WAF on fish. Specifically, we characterized the gill morphology of the seahorse Hippocampus reidi and analyzed the histopathological changes in the gills after exposure to 50% diesel oil WAF. Acute (12, 24, 48, and 96 h) and subchronic (168 and 336 h) toxicity tests were performed. Furthermore, a recovery protocol was conducted: after exposure to 50% WAF for 168 h, the fish were transferred and kept in seawater without contaminants for 336 h, for a total experimental period of 504 h. The seahorse branchial apparatus was found to be tufted with short filaments; the apical surfaces of the pavement cells in the filament and lamellar epithelia formed "crests" and had microridges. Mitochondria-rich cells were distributed exclusively in the lamellar epithelium, while mucous cells were distributed in the filament epithelium. All pathologies observed after acute and subchronic exposure featured progressive time-dependent alterations of lamellar structure that might disrupt gill physiological and metabolic functions. During the recovery period, the gill alterations were gradually repaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Augusto Cariello Delunardo
- Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada (LAB PEIXE), Avenida Comissário José Dantas de Melo n(o) 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Gustavo Paulino
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Campus Araguaína, Avenida Paraguai, s/n°, 77824-838 Araguaína, TO, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Laila Carine Campos Medeiros
- Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada (LAB PEIXE), Avenida Comissário José Dantas de Melo n(o) 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Scherer
- UVV, Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Avenida Comissário José Dantas de Melo n(o) 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Adriana Regina Chippari-Gomes
- Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada (LAB PEIXE), Avenida Comissário José Dantas de Melo n(o) 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
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30
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Es Ruiz de Arcaute C, Ossana NA, Pérez-Iglesias JM, Soloneski S, Larramendy ML. Auxinic herbicides induce oxidative stress on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces: Poeciliidae). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:20485-20498. [PMID: 31102211 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides might increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dicamba (DIC) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) are auxinic herbicides commonly applied in agroecosystems to control unwanted weeds. We analysed the oxidative damage exerted on the fish Cnesterodon decemmaculatus by an acute exposure to DIC- and 2,4-D-based herbicides formulations Banvel® and DMA®, respectively. The Endo III- and Fpg-modified alkaline comet assay was employed for detecting DNA damage caused by oxidative stress, whereas enzymatic and non-enzymatic biomarkers such as the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and glutathione content (GSH) were used to assess antioxidant response to these two herbicides. At the DNA level, results demonstrate that both auxinic herbicides induce oxidative damage at purines level. An increase on CAT and GST activities were detected in 48 h- and 96 h-treated specimens with both auxinics. GSH content decreased in fish exposed to DIC during 48 h and to 2,4-D after 96 h of exposure. Additionally, a diminished AChE activity in specimens treated with DIC and 2,4-D was observed only after 96 h. Total protein content decreased in fish exposed to both auxinics during 96 h. These results represent the first evaluation of oxidative damage related to DIC and 2,4-D exposure on a fish species as the Neotropical freshwater teleost C. decemmaculatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Es Ruiz de Arcaute
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia A Ossana
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Programa de Ecofisiología Aplicada, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (PRODEA-INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Lujan, C.C. 221, Luján, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Pérez-Iglesias
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Soloneski
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo L Larramendy
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Vieira CED, Costa PG, Caldas SS, Tesser ME, Risso WE, Escarrone ALV, Primel EG, Bianchini A, Dos Reis Martinez CB. An integrated approach in subtropical agro-ecosystems: Active biomonitoring, environmental contaminants, bioaccumulation, and multiple biomarkers in fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:508-524. [PMID: 30802666 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic contamination in agricultural areas is a global problem, characterized by a complex mixture of organic and inorganic pollutants whose effects on biota are unpredictable and poorly investigated. In this context, in the present study, the Neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus was confined in situ for 120 days in two sites with different levels of anthropic impact: 1) a fish hatchery station, within the State University of Londrina (reference site - REF) and 2) an agro-ecosystem area in one of the most productive regions of southern Brazil (experimental site - EXP). We evaluated multiple biomarkers at different levels of biological organization, such as biotransformation and antioxidant enzymes, oxidative damages, DNA damages and liver histopathology. We also evaluated the occurrence of 22 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 6 trace metals in water and sediment; and 33 current-use pesticides (CUPs) in the water; besides the presence of OCPs in the liver and metals in different tissues of the confined fish. The chemical analysis confirmed that the two environments presented different levels of contamination. We verified a distribution gradient of data in the principal component analysis (PCA), separating the REF fish to one side and the fish at the agricultural area (EXP) to the other side. In general, the biomarker responses were more altered in fish from the EXP than fish from the hatchery station; and this fish presented a greater accumulation of endosulfan (an increase of 18× compared to basal value) and showed oxidative, genetic, and histological damage. Through the Biomarkers Response Index (BRI), we found that the EXP fish demonstrated a decrease in health status compared with the REF fish during the confinement time, due to their exposure to a higher concentration of contaminants. In conclusion, the use of multiple biomarkers at different response levels is an important tool for environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Delfino Vieira
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Gomes Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sergiane Souza Caldas
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Tesser
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Wagner Ezequiel Risso
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Venquiaruti Escarrone
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ednei Gilberto Primel
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Bueno Dos Reis Martinez
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Wang S, Zhang Q, Zheng S, Chen M, Zhao F, Xu S. Atrazine exposure triggers common carp neutrophil apoptosis via the CYP450s/ROS pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:551-557. [PMID: 30308298 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to the excessive pursuit of crop yields and the abuse of herbicides, water pollution caused by atrazine (ATR) has become one of the most severe environmental issues threatening the health of fish and aquatic animals. However, no detailed report has been conducted on the mechanisms of ATR immunotoxicity in fish neutrophils. To investigate these mechanism, we exposed peripheral blood neutrophils to 25 μg/ml atrazine for 1, 2, and 3 h. The results showed that ATR induced the mRNA expression of CYPs enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP1C and CYP3A138), which increased the ROS levels, and inhibited the SOD and CAT activities, GSH content and spurred the accumulation of MDA. Additionally, a significant decline in the OXPHOS, Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities of mitochondria was observed after ATR exposure. Concurrently, ATR activated Caspase3 and induced apoptosis by changing the expression of mitochondrial pathway factors (Bcl-2, BAX, Caspase9) and death receptor pathway major genes (TNF-α, TNFR, Fas, FasL, and Caspase8). The results reported here indicate that the oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage caused by ATR metabolism may play a crucial role in the apoptosis of carp neutrophils, and enrich the immunotoxicological mechanisms of ATR observed in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Qiaojian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shufang Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Menghao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Fuqing Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Department of Veterinary and Husbandry, Liao ning Agricultural Technical College, Ying kou, Liao ning, 115009, China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Wang S, Zheng S, Zhang Q, Yang Z, Yin K, Xu S. Atrazine hinders PMA-induced neutrophil extracellular traps in carp via the promotion of apoptosis and inhibition of ROS burst, autophagy and glycolysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:282-291. [PMID: 30193222 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR), a selective herbicide, is consistently used worldwide and has been confirmed to be harmful to the health of aquatic organisms. The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is one of the newly discovered antimicrobial mechanisms. Although several immune functions have been analyzed under ATR exposure, the effect of ATR on NETs remains mainly unexplored. In the present study, we treated carp neutrophils using 5 μg/ml ATR and 5 μg/ml ATR combined with 100 nM rapamycin to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and to clarify the effect of ATR on phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced NETs. The results of the morphological observation and quantitative analysis of extracellular DNA and myeloperoxidase (MPO) showed that NETs formation were significantly inhibited by ATR exposure. Moreover, we found that in the NETs process, ATR downregulated the expression of the anti-apoptosis gene B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), increased the expression of the pro-apoptosis factors Bcl-2-Associated X (BAX), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinases (Caspase3, 9), and anti-autophagy factor mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), decreased the expression of autophagy-related protein light chain 3B (LC3B) and glucose transport proteins (GLUT1, 4), disturbed the activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PKM), and hexokinase (HK) and limited reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, indicating that the reduced NETs release was a consequence of increased apoptosis and diminished ROS burst, autophagy and down-regulated glycolysis under ATR treatment. Meanwhile, rapamycin restored the inhibited autophagy and glycolysis and thus resisted the ATR-suppressed NETs. The present study perfects the mechanism theory of ATR immunotoxicity to fish and has a certain value for human health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shufang Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Qiaojian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Zijiang Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Kai Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Ling SQ, Xu YN, Gu YP, Liu SY, Tang WW. Toxicity and biochemical effects of itol A on the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 152:90-97. [PMID: 30497717 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Itol A, a novel isoryanodane diterpene derived from Itoa orientalis Hemsl., has potent activities against insect pests. This study was conducted to determine the contact toxicity and biochemical effects of itol A on the Nilaparvata lugens. After macropterous females of N. lugens were exposed to itol A from 0.5 to 24 h, the mortality and poisoning symptoms were measured. Effects of itol A on the major enzymes activity and oxidative stress level were assessed in dose-response (with LD10-LD70 at 24 h) and time-course (with LD50 at 0.5-24 h) experiments for the potential toxicity mechanisms. Based on the results, the mortality of N. lugens showed significant dose- and time-dependent effects, with the 24-h LD50 value was 0.58 μg/insect. The symptoms of excitation, convulsion and paralysis were also observed. However, acetylcholinesterases (AChE) activity was not altered after itol A treatment compared to control. Na+/K+-ATPases, Ca2+-ATPases, Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPases, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), superoxide dismutases (SOD) and catalases (CAT) activities were significantly reduced in dose-response and time-course experiments. While acid phosphatases (ACP) and glutathione peroxidases (GPX) activities were significantly increased. We further revealed that itol A exposure resulted in the decrease of GSH/GSSG (reduced to oxidized glutathione) ratio and the increase of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in both experiments. The results indicated that the inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPases, Ca2+-ATPases, Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPases, GSTs, P450s, SOD and CAT activities and the induction of oxidative stress was one of the potential biochemical mechanisms of itol A against N. lugens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Quan Ling
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ping Gu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yu Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wei Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Davico CE, Loteste A, Parma MJ, Poletta G, Simoniello MF. Stress oxidative and genotoxicity in Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836) exposed to commercial formulation of insecticide cypermethrin. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 43:79-84. [PMID: 30192683 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1497643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of toxic pesticides has become a world problem because they can contaminate streams and rivers, producing an adverse impact on non-target aquatic biota, including fishes. Cypermethrin is one of the most important insecticides to control ectoparasites in wide-scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of commercial formulations of cypermethrin, SHERPA O (0.0, 0.075, 0.15, and 0.3 µg/L of cypermethrin) in fish Prochilodus lineatus for 96 h in semi-static condition, using biomarkers of genotoxicity: micronucleus frequency (MNF) in erythrocytes and biomarkers of oxidative damage: lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and antioxidant defenses, catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) in liver tissue. Our results showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) of CAT at pesticide concentrations of 0.150 and 0.300 μg/L, but no significant difference was observed in TBARS or GSH in any exposed group (p > 0.05) in comparison to the control. A significant increase was observed in the MNF in the group exposed to 0.3 μg/L of cypermethrin compared to negative control (p < 0.05). Finally, P. lineatus proved to be a sensitive species to the commercial formulations of cypermethrin and that CAT and MNF are effective indicators of these toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Davico
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - A Loteste
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Limnología, CONICET-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M J Parma
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología, CONICET-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
| | - G Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
| | - M F Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Oliveira SE, Costa PM, Nascimento SB, Castro WV, Ribeiro RIMDA, Santos HB, Thomé RG. Atrazine promotes immunomodulation by melanomacrophage centre alterations in spleen and vascular disorders in gills from Oreochromis niloticus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 202:57-64. [PMID: 30007155 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine is a herbicide that is banned in Europe but remains widely used on different types of crops in several countries in the American continent. Atrazine is known to be an endocrine disruptor and its effects on gonads have been extensively reported, but the toxic action on other organs is poorly documented. In this paper, we investigated the toxicity of atrazine on the gills and spleens of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The median lethal concentration (LC50), capable of killing one-half of the test animals was calculated, and sublethal concentrations of atrazine were used in a semistatic and subchronic assay. The following four experimental groups were formed: control not exposed to atrazine, a group exposed to 1 ppm atrazine for 15 days, a group exposed to 2 ppm for 7 days, and a group exposed to 2 ppm for 15 days. The concentrations were verified during the study by high performance liquid chromatography. The gills and spleens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and histopathological findings were made. The Perls technique was used on the spleens to identify hemosiderin, lipofuscin, and melanin pigments in the cells from melanomacrophage centres (MMCs). The spleens were submitted to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunohistochemistry, and morphometry was used to assess splenocyte proliferation and melanomacrophage iNOS expression. Finally, a colorimetric assay for caspase-3 was performed on the spleens to identify apoptosis. Vascular and structural alterations, such as venous sinus congestion, aneurysm, hemorrhage, pillar cell hypertrophy, disarrangement of secondary lamellae, and epithelial lifting were observed in the gills. The frequency of individuals with aneurysms was higher in the groups treated with 2 ppm than in other groups. Atrazine had an immunomodulatory effect on the spleen, observed by the alteration in the percentage of red and white pulp, alteration of the MMC area, changes in the melanomacrophage pigment content, slight iNOS suppression, decrease in splenocyte proliferation under 1 ppm atrazine, and increased caspase 3 activity under 2 ppm atrazine after 7 and 15 d. Such effects could compromise oxygenation and the immune response and, ultimately, the survival and fitness of the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Elisa Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pauliane Melo Costa
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sara Batista Nascimento
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório Central Analítica, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Whocely Victor Castro
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório Central Analítica, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosy Iara Maciel de Azambuja Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hélio Batista Santos
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ralph Gruppi Thomé
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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do Carmo TLL, Azevedo VC, de Siqueira PR, Galvão TD, Dos Santos FA, Dos Reis Martinez CB, Appoloni CR, Fernandes MN. Reactive oxygen species and other biochemical and morphological biomarkers in the gills and kidneys of the Neotropical freshwater fish, Prochilodus lineatus, exposed to titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:22963-22976. [PMID: 29858996 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the action of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs), on the gills and kidneys of Neotropical freshwater fish, Prochilodus lineatus, with emphasis on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, antioxidant responses, and morphological changes. Fish were exposed to 1, 5, 10, and 50 mg L-1 nominal TiO2-NPs suspended into water for 2 or 14 days. In gills, ROS decreased and glutathione (GSH) increased after 2 days, while ROS and GSH increased and superoxide dismutase activity decreased after 14 days. In kidneys, GSH and lipoperoxidation increased after 2 days and catalase activity decreased after 14 days. Common histopathologies in gills were epithelium hyperplasia, cellular hypertrophy, proliferation of mitochondria-rich cells (MRC), and lamellar stasis; in kidneys, there were cellular and nuclear hypertrophy, focal tubule degeneration, necrosis, and melanomacrophage (MM) proliferation. Although environmentally unlikely, high-dose exposures clarified biological effects of TiO2-NPs, such as ROS formation and MRC responses in the gills, which may impair ionic balance. It was also found that MM are likely responsible for eliminating NPs in the kidney. These findings will help to regulate TiO2-NP disposal, but longer-term studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Laurie Lustosa do Carmo
- Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Cavicchioli Azevedo
- Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Priscila Rodrigues de Siqueira
- Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Tiago Dutra Galvão
- Physics Department, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid | Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, PR, 86055-900, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Aparecido Dos Santos
- Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-970, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Bueno Dos Reis Martinez
- Physiological Sciences Department, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid | Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, PR, 86055-990, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Appoloni
- Physics Department, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid | Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, PR, 86055-900, Brazil
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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Nørregaard RD, Dang M, Bach L, Geertz-Hansen O, Gustavson K, Aastrup P, Leifsson PS, Søndergaard J, Nowak B, Sonne C. Comparison of heavy metals, parasites and histopathology in sculpins (Myoxocephalus spp.) from two sites at a lead-zinc mine in North East Greenland. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 165:306-316. [PMID: 29777921 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The former lead-zinc mine at Mestersvig, Greenland, continues to contaminate the surrounding environment despite its operations ceasing over 50 years ago. Elevated concentrations of heavy metals are found in water, sediment and biota in the terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. To shed light on the present contamination and its potential effects on local fish we investigated gill and liver histology of sculpins (Myoxocephalus spp.) around the former mining area. Two species of sculpins were caught; shorthorn sculpins (M. scorpius; n = 16) and fourhorn sculpins (M. quadricornis; n = 17) at a contaminated site, Nyhavn, and shorthorn sculpins (M. scorpius; n = 25) at the reference site. In a previous study we found histopathological changes in the tissues of the sculpins, and we suspected this to be related to elevated heavy metal tissue concentrations. Concentrations of Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se and Zn were significantly higher in sculpins at Nyhavn compared to the reference site. Reference NOED and LOEC thresholds for biochemistry, tissue lesions, growth, survival and reproduction for hepatic Hg, As, Cd and Pb from the ERED database were exceeded in both sculpin species. Histopathological investigations of the sculpins gills revealed significant increases in the prevalence of hyperplastic epithelium, inflammation, intensity of neutral and total mucus cells and chloride cells along with an increased infection of colonial Peritricha. At the contaminated Nyhavn site, fourhorn sculpins had a significantly higher prevalence of chondroplastic tissue and intensity of neutral, mixed and total mucus cells in the gills compared to the shorthorn sculpins. The data indicate that both sculpin species could be useful indicator species for environmental monitoring of metal pollution in Arctic areas. However, confounding effects of gender and species should be investigated further. Effects on other biomarkers as well as baseline measurements should be included in future environmental monitoring efforts around mining activities in Greenland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Dyrmose Nørregaard
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Department of Environment and Mineral Resources, Nuuk, Greenland.
| | - Mai Dang
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia
| | - Lis Bach
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ole Geertz-Hansen
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Department of Environment and Mineral Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Kim Gustavson
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Peter Aastrup
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Pall S Leifsson
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health, Department of Pathobiology, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jens Søndergaard
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Barbara Nowak
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Oxidative stress in triazine pesticide toxicity: a review of the main biomarker findings. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 69:109-125. [DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2018-69-3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This review article provides a summary of the studies relying on oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in particular) to investigate the effects of atrazine and terbuthylazine exposure in experimental animals and humans published since 2010. In general, experimental animals showed that atrazine and terbuthylazine exposure mostly affected their antioxidant defences and, to a lesser extent, lipid peroxidation, but the effects varied by the species, sex, age, herbicide concentration, and duration of exposure. Most of the studies involved aquatic organisms as useful and sensitive bio-indicators of environmental pollution and important part of the food chain. In laboratory mice and rats changes in oxidative stress markers were visible only with exposure to high doses of atrazine. Recently, our group reported that low-dose terbuthylazine could also induce oxidative stress in Wistar rats. It is evident that any experimental assessment of pesticide toxic effects should take into account a combination of several oxidative stress and antioxidant defence biomarkers in various tissues and cell compartments. The identified effects in experimental models should then be complemented and validated by epidemiological studies. This is important if we wish to understand the impact of pesticides on human health and to establish safe limits.
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Danabas D, Kutluyer F, Ural M, Kocabaş M. Metal bioaccumulation in selected tissues of barb (Barbus sp.) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758) from the Keban Dam Lake, Turkey. TOXIN REV 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2018.1479717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Durali Danabas
- Faculty of Fisheries, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Filiz Kutluyer
- Faculty of Fisheries, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Mesut Ural
- Faculty of Fisheries, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kocabaş
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Faculty of Forestry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Stara A, Kouba A, Velisek J. Biochemical and histological effects of sub-chronic exposure to atrazine in crayfish Cherax destructor. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 291:95-102. [PMID: 29908168 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR) is a triazine herbicide banned in the European Union. It remains one of the most widely used herbicides in other parts of the world. Considering the scarcity of data on its possible harm to the environment and to human health, we assessed sub-chronic effects of a 14-day exposure at the environmentally relevant concentration of 6.86 μg/L and at 10% of the 96hLC50 (1.21 mg/L) in crayfish Cherax destructor and their recovery in a 14-day period in ATR-free water. Indicators assessed were behavior; hemolymph biochemical profile; oxidative and antioxidant parameters in gill, hepatopancreas, and muscle; and histology of gill and hepatopancreas. Crayfish exposed to the environmental concentration showed significant differences (P < 0.01) from controls in biochemical parameters of hemolymph (lactate, alkaline phosphatase) and activity of superoxide dismutase, as well as in histology of gill tissue. The higher concentration led to low motor activity, differences in biochemical profile of hemolymph (lactate, alkaline phosphatase, ammonia, glucose), antioxidant biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, reduced glutathione), as well as gill and hepatopancreas histology. Some observed effects persisted after 14-days recovery in ATR-free water. The results provide evidence that environmental concentrations of ATR produce negative effects on freshwater crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Stara
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Kouba
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Velisek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
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Wolf JC. Comparing apples and oranges and pears and kumquats: The misuse of index systems for processing histopathology data in fish toxicological bioassays. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1688-1695. [PMID: 29473694 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Histopathology index systems involve the application of weighted scores to various diagnostic findings for the purpose of calculating overall organ and/or whole-animal health measurements. Such systems were originally developed as tools for monitoring the general health of fish populations. More recently, index systems have been applied to hypothesis-based toxicological studies, the goal of which is to investigate whether a cause-and-effect relationship exists between exposure to a particular test substance or environmental contaminant and morphologic effects in fish tissues. However, the application of index systems in that context is problematic for various reasons: a dependency on untested assumptions of toxicological importance for different types of histopathologic findings; organ scores that combine mechanistically unrelated and potentially contradictory diagnoses; calculations that include excessive numbers of findings, some of which may be incidental to the study outcome; failure to incorporate additional relevant results into the data interpretation, such as clinical observations, macroscopic findings, organ/body weights, clinical pathology data, and the results of hormonal or other biochemical assays; the inappropriate mathematical manipulation of ordinal categorical data (e.g., severity scores and "importance factors"); and a tendency of these systems to amplify, mask, and divert attention from methodological weaknesses and inaccurate diagnoses. The purpose of the present article is to demonstrate why the use of index systems is a misguided approach for handling histopathology data in studies of potential fish toxicants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1688-1695. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Wolf
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling, Virginia, USA
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Souid G, Souayed N, Haouas Z, Maaroufi K. Does the phycotoxin Okadaic acid cause oxidative stress damages and histological alterations to seabream (Sparus aurata)? Toxicon 2018; 144:55-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Persch TSP, da Silva PR, Dos Santos SHD, de Freitas BS, Oliveira GT. Changes in intermediate metabolism and oxidative balance parameters in sexually matured three-barbeled catfishes exposed to herbicides from rice crops (Roundup ®, Primoleo ® and Facet ®). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 58:170-179. [PMID: 29408759 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the effect of different concentrations of herbicides (Facet®, Primoleo®, and Roundup®) on metabolism and oxidative balance (superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, lipid peroxidation) in the gills, liver, kidneys, and tail muscle of adult catfish. All herbicides caused protein depletion in gills, increased glycogen and triacylglycerol consumption in the liver, and changes in muscle glycogen. Roundup® and Primoleo® stimulated lipid deposition in the liver, while Roundup® and Facet® stimulated lipid consumption in gills. In kidneys, protein content increased after Roundup® and Primoleo® exposure, glycogen increased after Facet®, and lipids increased after Roundup®. Primoleo® had the strongest effect on muscle, with changes in all metabolites. Regarding oxidative stress, the liver and kidneys were the organs most affected by exposure to herbicides, and catalase was the main enzyme involved in the detoxification of these herbicides. A hierarchy of toxicity was established for the tested chemicals: Facet® > Primoleo® > Roundup®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanilene Sotero Pinto Persch
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Sciences, Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681 Pd. 12, Bloco C, Sala 250, CP. 1429, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Rodrigues da Silva
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Sciences, Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681 Pd. 12, Bloco C, Sala 250, CP. 1429, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Sarah Helen Dias Dos Santos
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Sciences, Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681 Pd. 12, Bloco C, Sala 250, CP. 1429, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Betânia Souza de Freitas
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Sciences, Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681 Pd. 12, Bloco C, Sala 250, CP. 1429, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Guendalina Turcato Oliveira
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Sciences, Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681 Pd. 12, Bloco C, Sala 250, CP. 1429, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil.
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45
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Dalzochio T, Ressel Simões LA, Santos de Souza M, Prado Rodrigues GZ, Petry IE, Andriguetti NB, Herbert Silva GJ, Gehlen G, Basso da Silva L. Water quality parameters, biomarkers and metal bioaccumulation in native fish captured in the Ilha River, southern Brazil. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 189:609-618. [PMID: 28963978 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Ilha River is one of the main tributaries of the Sinos River, southern Brazil, and it is located in an area characterized by low population density and presence of agricultural activities. Thus, this study aimed to assess the water quality of two sites of the Ilha River (source and mouth, S1 and S2 respectively) in five sampling periods using water physicochemical and microbiological analyses, biomarkers, such as condition factor, micronucleus test, gill histopathological analysis, and metal bioaccumulation in the native fish Bryconamericus iheringii. Mean values of BOD5, thermotolerant coliforms, aluminum, iron and lead exceeded the limits established by the Brazilian legislation for surface waters at both sampling sites. Significant higher micronucleus, nuclear abnormalities and mucous cells frequencies were found at S2 in, at least, one sampling period, whereas fish from S1 presented significant lower condition factor, higher frequencies of lamellar alterations and higher concentrations of chromium and nickel in muscle. Additionally, concentrations of cadmium, chromium and lead in fish muscle exceeded the limits considered safe for human consumption at both sites in at least one sampling period. Data from our study evidenced the mouth of the Ilha River suffers from point genotoxic effects, whereas the source is also contaminated by metals, despite being located in an area under minor anthropic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Dalzochio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Qualidade Ambiental, Universidade Feevale, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Günther Gehlen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Qualidade Ambiental, Universidade Feevale, Brazil
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de Paiva PP, Delcorso MC, Matheus VA, de Queiroz SCDN, Collares-Buzato CB, Arana S. Acute toxicity of commercial atrazine in Piaractus mesopotamicus: Histopathological, ultrastructural, molecular, and genotoxic evaluation. Vet World 2017; 10:1008-1019. [PMID: 29062187 PMCID: PMC5639096 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1008-1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity of Pacu fingerlings (Piaractus mesopotamicus) by measuring the effects of median lethal concentration (LC50) of atrazine (ATZ - 28.58 mg/L) after acute exposure (up to 96 h). Materials and Methods: The fish were exposed to the LC50 of ATZ for 96 h (28.58 mg/L) in a static system. During the experiment, the fingerlings were randomly distributed in four glass tanks (50 L) containing dechlorinated water. Four glass tanks were for the control group, and four were for the ATZ-exposed group (n=4 per glass tank), given a total number of 16 animals tested per group. The genotoxicity was evaluated by micronucleus (MN) test in erythrocytes from peripheral blood. Qualitative and semi-quantitative histopathological analyses, and also ultrastructural study, were applied in liver and kidney samples. Finally, the content of heat shock protein (Hsp70) in the liver was evaluated by the western blotting method. Results: The morphological alterations in the liver, which was associated with increased expression of Hsp70, included nuclear and cytoplasmic vacuolization, cytoplasmic hyaline inclusions, and necrosis. The kidney presented edema and tubular cell degeneration with cytoplasmic hyaline inclusion. The semi-quantitative histopathological analyses indicated that the liver was more sensitive than kidney to ATZ-induced damage. Ultrastructural analysis showed that ATZ caused membrane alterations in several organelles and increased the number of lysosomes in hepatocytes and kidney proximal tubular cells. Nevertheless, no significant difference was observed in MN frequency in erythrocytes comparing treated and control groups., Conclusion: These results indicated that ATZ-induced damage to the kidney and liver function, ATZ at the concentration tested did not induce a significant difference in MN frequency in Pacu erythrocytes comparing treated and control groups, and also that Pacu fingerlings may be a good bioindicator for testing freshwater contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pereira de Paiva
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Po. Box 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cruz Delcorso
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Po. Box 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Valquíria Aparecida Matheus
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Po. Box 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Beatriz Collares-Buzato
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Po. Box 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sarah Arana
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Po. Box 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Kaur M. Oxidative Stress Response in Liver, Kidney and Gills of Ctenopharyngodon Idellus (Cuvier & Valenciennes) Exposed To Chlorpyrifos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.15406/mojbm.2017.01.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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S K, Kujur A, Patel L, K R, Prakash B. Assessment of toxicity and biochemical mechanisms underlying the insecticidal activity of chemically characterized Boswellia carterii essential oil against insect pest of legume seeds. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 139:17-23. [PMID: 28595917 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the insecticidal activity of chemically characterized Boswellia carterii essential oil (EO) and its mode of action against the pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis and C. maculatus. GC-MS analysis depicted α-thujene (69.16%), α-Pinene (7.20) and α-Phellandrene (6.78%) as the major components of test EO. EO exhibited absolute toxicity at 0.10μl/ml air against both C. chinensis and C. maculatus following 24h exposure. EO caused a significant reduction in oviposition and further reproductive development at LC50 doses (0.050μl/ml to 0.066μl/ml in air). Compared to control, a significant elevation in ROS level accompanied with impairment in enzymatic (SOD and CAT) and non-enzymatic (GSH/GSSH) antioxidant defense system has been observed in EO exposed insect pest. However, EO has no significant effect on in vivo AChE activity. An absolute protection of Vigna radiata seeds samples exposed to EO at LC90 doses was observed without affecting seed germination. The findings revealed that the B. carterii EO has strong insecticidal potential, hence, it could be recommended as a biorational alternative to synthetic insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran S
- Department of Food Protectants and Infestation Control, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - Anupam Kujur
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Laluram Patel
- Department of Food Protectants and Infestation Control, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - Ramalakshmi K
- Department of Spice & Flavour Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - Bhanu Prakash
- Department of Food Protectants and Infestation Control, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India; Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Vieira CED, Costa PG, Cabrera LC, Primel EG, Fillmann G, Bianchini A, Bueno Dos Reis Martinez C. A comparative approach using biomarkers in feral and caged Neotropical fish: Implications for biomonitoring freshwater ecosystems in agricultural areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 586:598-609. [PMID: 28215813 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the responses of biomarkers in feral and caged fish and the capacity of these biomarkers to discriminate contamination levels along a stream located in an agricultural area in Southern Brazil. Specimens of the Neotropical fish, Astyanax altiparanae, were confined for 168h in three lakes along the stream. Additionally, during the weeks of in situ exposure, wild specimens of this species were collected from the same sites. Biochemical biomarkers were analyzed, such as phase I biotransformation enzyme 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and phase II biotransformation enzyme glutathione S-transferase, and we also determined hepatic and branchial levels of non-protein thiols (NPSH), oxidative damage such as lipid peroxidation (LPO), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in muscle and brain. Genetic biomarkers such as DNA breaks (comet assay), frequency of micronuclei (MN) and erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA) were also examined. The results indicate that the most sensitive biomarkers for discriminating contamination levels are DNA breaks, LPO and AChE activity. Similar results were obtained for both caged and feral fish. The biomarkers that reflect the results of cumulative events, such as ENA, were more discriminative for chronically exposed specimens (feral fishes). Analyzing biomarkers using an integrated response index showed that both approaches (using feral and caged A. altiparanae) were effective for discriminating contamination levels along the stream, corroborating the results of chemical analyses for selected pesticides. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of biomarker selection and show that both approaches (caged and feral fish) are satisfactory for evaluating water quality in streams impacted by agricultural activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Delfino Vieira
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gomes Costa
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Liziara Costa Cabrera
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Ednei Gilberto Primel
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Claudia Bueno Dos Reis Martinez
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
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50
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Jerome FC, Hassan A, Omoniyi-Esan GO, Odujoko OO, Chukwuka AV. Metal uptake, oxidative stress and histopathological alterations in gills and hepatopancreas of Callinectes amnicola exposed to industrial effluent. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 139:179-193. [PMID: 28135665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal uptake by biota due to elevated environmental concentrations elicits oxidative stress and could lead to pathological outcomes. The relationship between the histopathological profile of hepatopancreas and gills and altered biochemical features (antioxidant enzymes i.e. GSH, GPx, CAT, SOD, lipid peroxidation (MDA) and serum protein) in the blue crab, Callinectes amnicola from contaminated parts of the Lagos Lagoon was investigated. Monthly crab, sediment and surface water samples were taken from effluent receiving areas of the Lagos lagoon i.e. Makoko, Okobaba, Iddo, Ikoyi and Mid-lagoon (control site) over an 18-month period and analyzed for metal levels (Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu). Significantly higher levels of GPx and lower levels of Pb, Zn and Cu was recorded in gills and hepatopancreas of crabs from the mid-lagoon compared to crabs from other sites. Reaction patterns of gills across the different sites of the lagoon included regressive (ranging from epithelial lifting, disruption of pilaster cells, detached cuticle to focal necrosis) and circulatory disruptions (oedema); increased activity of GSH and GPx in gills were positively correlated with lesions of lower importance factor. Reaction patterns in hepatopancreas were more regressive including vacuolation/infiltration of fatty lobules, necrosis, granuloma, disintegrated lumen, atrophied tubules and loss of lobular hepatocyte structure; increased activity of GSH, GPx and CAT were positively correlated with lesions of low importance factor in the hepatopancreas. Findings show that lesions in both gills and hepatopancreas of the blue crab could be associated with uptake of metals, depleted antioxidant activity and incidence of lipid peroxidation in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fisayo C Jerome
- Fisheries Resource Department, Marine Biology Section, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research (NIOMR), Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adesola Hassan
- Parasitology Research unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ganiat O Omoniyi-Esan
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Oluwole O Odujoko
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Azubuike Victor Chukwuka
- Department of Environmental Quality Control (EQC), Conservation Unit, National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), Osogbo, Nigeria.
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