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Xu B, Jin J, Fang L, Pang M, Xia J, Li B, Liao H. A decadal atmospheric ammonia reanalysis product in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169053. [PMID: 38097067 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric ammonia has great environmental implications due to its important role in ecosystem and nitrogen cycle, as well as contribution to formation of secondary particles. China is recognized as a hotspot of NH3 pollution owing to agricultural and livestock intensification. In the quest to achieve a comprehensive understanding of atmospheric ammonia load and to quantify its environmental impacts in China, relying solely either on existing measurements or on model simulations falls short. Their limitations, either in spatial coverage and integrity or in data quality, fails to meet the needs. Available reanalysis products exhibit a marked deficiency in ammonia data. We therefore aim to propose an integrated ammonia reanalysis product in China, adeptly melding satellite observations from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) NH3 retrievals with chemical transport model simulation, capitalizing on the robust Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) data assimilation methodology. The product is validated in high quality via the comparison against independent measurements from ground monitoring stations. Spanning a decade from 2013 to 2022, our reanalysis uncovers not just the spatial intricacies of NH3 concentrations but also their temporal dynamics. Our findings pinpointed the spatial disparities in atmospheric ammonia intensities, highlighting regional hotspots in the NCP, SCB, and Northeast China, and identified annual and seasonal patterns. Our research provides crucial insights for shaping future NH3 pollution prevention and control strategies in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bufan Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianbing Jin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Li Fang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mijie Pang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Xia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baojie Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Yu GH, Shin HJ, Jung HJ, Song M, Oh SH, Choe S, Kang GU, Jeon H, Bae MS. Insights into national distribution of NH 3 concentrations in Republic of Korea: findings from passive sampler observations and implications for sources and management. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:121. [PMID: 38194187 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Gas-phase NH3 is one of the significant contributors to secondary aerosol formation in the atmosphere, and it is a crucial consideration in any strategy aiming to reduce PM2.5 emissions. This study aimed to investigate the spatial distributions of NH3 in verity source areas in Republic of Korea using passive samplers. NH3 concentrations were observed at 45 locations over a period of approximately 35 weeks, from June 2022 to February 2023. As a result, NH3 concentration was found to be more affected by local sources rather than long-distance influx from outside. The average concentration of NH3 observed in 7 source areas excluding the background area was all less than 20.91 ppb, except for livestock sources. These results suggest that atmospheric NH3 concentrations are significantly influenced from livestock sources. In addition, in major cities, the need for NH3 management was confirmed to be more focused on emissions from automobiles and industrial complexes than emissions from livestock and farmland. Moreover, even for the same source, NH3 concentrations varied depending on the type of livestock species, breeding methods and scale, products produced, crops cultivated, and vehicle traffic volume. These findings indicate the importance of considering factors such as breeding methods and manure treatment practices in emission factors, and it is expected that the results can be used as basic data for NH3 emission estimation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun-Hye Yu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Shin
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Jung
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoungki Song
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Sea-Ho Oh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeong Choe
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Gong-Unn Kang
- Department of Medical Administration, Wonkwang Health Science University, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hajeong Jeon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Bae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan, 58554, Republic of Korea.
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Yang S, Wang M, Wang W, Zhang X, Han Q, Wang H, Xiong Q, Zhang C, Wang M. Establishing an emission inventory for ammonia, a key driver of haze formation in the southern North China plain during the COVID-19 pandemic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166857. [PMID: 37678532 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the significant reduction in atmospheric pollutant levels during the COVID-19 lockdown, the presence of haze in the North China Plain remained a frequent occurrence owing to the enhanced formation of secondary inorganic aerosols under ammonia-rich conditions. Quantifying the increase or decrease in atmospheric ammonia (NH3) emissions is a key step in exploring the causes of the COVID-19 haze. Historic activity levels of anthropogenic NH3 emissions were collected through various yearbooks and studies, an anthropogenic NH3 emission inventory for Henan Province for 2020 was established, and the variations in NH3 emissions from different sources between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 years were investigated. The validity of the NH3 emission inventory was further evaluated through comparison with previous studies and uncertainty analysis from Monte Carlo simulations. Results showed that the total NH3 emissions gradually increased from north-west to south-east, totalling 751.80 kt in 2020. Compared to the non-COVID-19 year of 2019, the total NH3 emissions were reduced by approximately 4 %, with traffic sources, waste disposal and biomass burning serving as the sources with the top three largest reductions, approximately 33 %, 9.97 % and 6.19 %, respectively. Emissions from humans and fuel combustion slightly increased. Meanwhile, livestock waste emissions decreased by only 3.72 %, and other agricultural emissions experienced insignificant change. Non-agricultural sources were more severely influenced by the COVID-19 lockdown than agricultural sources; nevertheless, agricultural activities contributed 84.35 % of the total NH3 emissions in 2020. These results show that haze treatment should be focused on reducing NH3, particularly controlling agricultural NH3 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shili Yang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Mingya Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Wenju Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Xuechun Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Qiao Han
- Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 550081 Guiyang, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Jincheng Ecological Environment Bureau, Jincheng 048000, China
| | - Qinqing Xiong
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Mingshi Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China.
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4
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Li G, Chen Q, Sun W, She J, Liu J, Zhu Y, Guo W, Zhang R, Zhu Y, Liu M. Updating and evaluating the NH 3 gas-phase chemical mechanism of MOZART-4 in the WRF-Chem model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122070. [PMID: 37331578 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The accuracy of determining atmospheric chemical mechanisms is a key factor in air pollution prediction, pollution-cause analysis and the development of control schemes based on air quality model simulations. However, the reaction of NH3 and OH to generate NH2 and its subsequent reactions are often ignored in the MOZART-4 chemical mechanism. To solve this problem, the gas-phase chemical mechanism of NH3 was updated in this study. Response surface methodology (RSM), integrated gas-phase reaction rate (IRR) diagnosis and process analysis (PA) were used to quantify the influence of the updated NH3 chemical mechanism on the O3 simulated concentration, the nonlinear response relationship of O3 and its precursors, the chemical reaction rate of O3 generation and the meteorological transport process. The results show that the updated NH3 chemical mechanism can reduce the error between the simulated and observed O3 concentrations and better simulate the O3 concentration. Compared with the Base scenario (original chemical mechanism simulated), the first-order term of NH3 in the Updated scenario (updated NH3 chemical mechanism simulated) in RSM passed the significance test (p < 0.05), indicating that NH3 emissions have an influence on the O3 simulation, and the effects of the updated NH3 chemical mechanism on NOx-VOC-O3 in different cities are different. In addition, the analysis of chemical reaction rate changes showed that NH3 can affect the generation of O3 by affecting the NOx concentration and NOx circulation with radicals of OH and HO2 in the Updated scenario, and the change of pollutant concentration in the atmosphere leads to the change of meteorological transmission, eventually leading to the reduction of O3 concentration in Beijing. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of atmospheric chemistry for air quality models to model atmospheric pollutants and should attract more research focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Li
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Lanzhou University Applied Technology Research Institude Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing She
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuhuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wenkai Guo
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Ruixin Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yufan Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mingyue Liu
- Ordos Meteorological Bureau of Inner Mongolia, Ordos, 017000, China
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Dong J, Li B, Li Y, Zhou R, Gan C, Zhao Y, Liu R, Yang Y, Wang T, Liao H. Atmospheric ammonia in China: Long-term spatiotemporal variation, urban-rural gradient, and influencing factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163733. [PMID: 37116808 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, atmospheric ammonia (NH3) concentrations have increased in China. Ammonia control has become one of the next hot topics in air pollution mitigation with the increasing cost of acid gas emission reduction. In this study, using Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite observations, we analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution, the urban-rural gradient of the vertical column densities (VCDs) of NH3 and the contribution of influencing factors (meteorology, social, atmospheric acid gases, and NH3 emissions) in China from 2008 to 2019 using hotspot analysis, circular gradient analysis, geographical and temporal weighted regression, and some other methods. Our results showed that NH3 VCDs in China have significantly increased (31.88 %) from 2008 to 2019, with the highest occurring in North China Plain. The average NH3 VCDs in urban areas were significantly higher than those in rural areas, and the urban-rural gap in NH3 VCDs was widening. The results of circular gradient analysis showed an overall decreasing trend in NH3 VCDs along the urban-rural gradient. We used a geographically and temporally weighted regression model to analyze the contribution of various influencing factors to NH3 VCDs: meteorology (30.13 %), social (27.40 %), atmospheric acid gases (23.20 %), and NH3 emissions (19.28 %) factors. The results showed substantial spatiotemporal differences in the influencing factors. Atmospheric acid gas was the main reason for the increase in NH3 VCDs from 2008 to 2019. A more thorough understanding of the spatiotemporal distribution, urban-rural variations, and factors influencing NH3 in China will aid in developing control strategies to reduce PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Baojie Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Gan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yongqi Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yating Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Teng Wang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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6
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Pu W, Sheng J, Tian P, Huang M, Liu X, Collett JL, Li Z, Zhao X, He D, Dong F, Zhang N, Quan W, Qiu Y, Song Y, Lin W, Pan Y, Ma Z. On-road mobile mapping of spatial variations and source contributions of ammonia in Beijing, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:160869. [PMID: 36521624 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) measurements were performed with a mobile platform deploying a cavity ring-down spectroscopy NH3 analyzer in Beijing. The transect and loop sampling strategy revealed that the Beijing urban area is more strongly affected by NH3 emissions than surrounding areas. Although average enhancements of on-road NH3 were small compared to background levels, traffic emissions clearly dominated city enhancements of NH3, carbon dioxide (CO2), acetaldehyde and acetone. Increments of on-road NH3 ranged between 5.1 ppb and 11.4 ppb in urban areas, representing an enhancement of 20.6 % to 47.9 % over the urban background. The vehicle NH3:CO2 emission ratio was 0.26 ppb/ppm, about a factor of 1.5 higher than the value derived from the available emission inventory. The obtained NH3 emission factor was approximately 306.9 mg/kg. If the annual gasoline consumption in Beijing is accurate, annual NH3 emissions from vehicles are estimated at 1.5 Gg. The influx and outflux of NH3 in Beijing during monitoring periods fluctuated due to variations of wind direction (WD), wind speed (WS), and planetary boundary layer height (PBLH). Net fluxes at the 4th Ring Road were larger than zero, suggesting that local emissions were important in urban Beijing. Negative net fluxes at the 6th Ring Road reveal a large amount of NH3 transported from agricultural regions south of Beijing lost during transport across the city, for example by deposition or particle formation in the city. Our analyses have important implications for regional NH3 emission estimates and for improving vehicular NH3 emission inventory allocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Pu
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China; Environmental Meteorology Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Jiujiang Sheng
- Bejing Weather Modification Center, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Ping Tian
- Bejing Weather Modification Center, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Mengyu Huang
- Bejing Weather Modification Center, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Xiangxue Liu
- Environmental Meteorology Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Jeffrey L Collett
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Ziming Li
- Environmental Meteorology Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Di He
- Environmental Meteorology Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Beijing 100089, China; Beijing Shangdianzi Regional Atmosphere Watch Station, Beijng 101507, China
| | - Fan Dong
- Environmental Meteorology Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Beijing 100089, China; Beijing Shangdianzi Regional Atmosphere Watch Station, Beijng 101507, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Environmental Meteorology Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Weijun Quan
- Environmental Meteorology Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Yulu Qiu
- Environmental Meteorology Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weili Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuepeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China; Environmental Meteorology Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Beijing 100089, China; Beijing Shangdianzi Regional Atmosphere Watch Station, Beijng 101507, China.
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Wang R, Bei N, Pan Y, Wu J, Liu S, Li X, Yu J, Jiang Q, Tie X, Li G. Urgency of controlling agricultural nitrogen sources to alleviate summertime air pollution in the North China Plain. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137124. [PMID: 36351470 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural nitrogen sources (ANS) have played an increasingly important role in the air quality since ANS emission controls are much weaker than those for fossil fuel combustion sources due to the increasing food demand. However, ANS emissions are highly uncertain due to stochastic agricultural management activities and limited field measurements, and impacts of ANS on the air quality remain elusive. In the study, the WRF-Chem model has been used to investigate ANS shares in near surface air pollutant concentrations during a growing season in the North China Plain (NCP), with ANS emissions constrained by satellite retrievals. Soil NOX and agricultural NH3 emissions are about 36% and 92% of their total emissions during the growing season. Sensitivity studies demonstrate that ANS count 16.9 μg m-3 (9.9%) of the mean maximum daily average 8-h ozone concentrations (MDA8 [O3]) and 8.9 μg m-3 (31.7%) of fine particulate matter concentrations ([PM2.5]) on average in the NCP. Additionally, the contributions of ANS to MDA8 [O3] and [PM2.5] increase with the deterioration of air pollution in cities. A 50% emission reduction in ANS decreases MDA8 [O3] ([PM2.5]) from 4.2% to 8.4% (from 19.7% to 31.9%) when the air quality changes from being lightly to heavily polluted in terms of MDA8 [O3] (hourly [PM2.5]). Without fossil fuel combustion emissions, the simulated average MDA8 [O3] and [PM2.5] are 111.7 and 8.2 μg m-3 in cities of the NCP, respectively, exceeding the new standards from the World Health Organization. Our study highlights important contributions of ANS to air quality and the urgency of ANS emission abatement for air pollution alleviation during summertime in the NCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Wang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Naifang Bei
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yuepeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jiaoyang Yu
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xuexi Tie
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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8
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Sabrina J, Nurulhuda K, Amin AM, Sulaiman MF, Man HC. Exploring use of a commercial passive sampler in a closed static chamber to measure ammonia volatilization. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120282. [PMID: 36174812 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Studies have indicated that up to 47% of total N fertilizer applied in flooded rice fields may be lost to the atmosphere through NH3 volatilization. The volatilized NH3 represents monetary loss and contributes to increase in formation of PM2.5 in the atmosphere, eutrophication in surface water, and degrades water and soil quality. The NH3 is also a precursor to N2O formation. Thus, it is important to monitor NH3 volatilization from fertilized and flooded rice fields. Commercially available samplers offer ease of transportation and installation, and thus, may be considered as NH3 absorbents for the static chamber method. Hence, the objective of this study is to investigate the use of a commercially available NH3 sampler/absorbent (i.e., Ogawa® passive sampler) for implementation in a static chamber. In this study, forty closed static chambers were used to study two factors (i.e., trapping methods, exposure duration) arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design. The three trapping methods are standard boric acid solution, Ogawa® passive sampler with acid-coated pads and exposed coated pads without casing. The exposure durations are 1 and 4 h. Results suggest that different levels of absorbed NH3 was obtained for each of the trapping methods. Highest level of NH3 was trapped by the standard boric acid solution, followed by the exposed acid-coated pads without casing, and finally acid-coated pads with protective casing, given the same exposure duration. The differences in absorbed NH3 under same conditions does not warrant direct comparison across the different trapping methods. Any three trapping methods can be used for conducting studies to compare multi-treatments using the static chamber method, provided the same trapping method is applied for all chambers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeman Sabrina
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khairudin Nurulhuda
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Smart Farming Technology Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Adibah Mohd Amin
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Firdaus Sulaiman
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hasfalina Che Man
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Smart Farming Technology Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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9
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Chen X, Lei M, Zhang S, Zhang D, Guo G, Zhao X. Apportionment and Spatial Pattern Analysis of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution Sources Related to Industries of Concern in a County in Southwestern China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127421. [PMID: 35742669 PMCID: PMC9223715 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil heavy metal pollution is frequent around areas with a high concentration of heavy industry enterprises. The integration of geostatistical and chemometric methods has been used to identify sources and the spatial patterns of soil heavy metals. Taking a county in southwestern China as an example, two subregions were analyzed. Subregion R1 mainly contained nonferrous mining, and subregion R2 was affected by smelting. Two factors (R1F1 and R1F2) associated with industry in R1 were extracted through positive matrix factorization (PMF) to obtain contributions to the soil As (64.62%), Cd (77.77%), Cu (53.10%), Pb (75.76%), Zn (59.59%), and Sb (32.66%); two factors (R2F1 and R2F2) also related to industry in R2 were extracted to obtain contributions to the As (53.35%), Cd (32.99%), Cu (53.10%), Pb (56.08%), Zn (67.61%), and Sb (42.79%). Combined with PMF results, cokriging (CK) was applied, and the z-score and root-mean square error were reduced by 11.04% on average due to the homology of heavy metals. Furthermore, a prevention distance of approximately 1800 m for the industries of concern was proposed based on locally weighted regression (LWR). It is concluded that it is necessary to define subregions for apportionment in area with different industries, and CK and LWR analyses could be used to analyze prevention distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Chen
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.C.); (D.Z.); (G.G.); (X.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Lei
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.C.); (D.Z.); (G.G.); (X.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China;
| | - Degang Zhang
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.C.); (D.Z.); (G.G.); (X.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guanghui Guo
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.C.); (D.Z.); (G.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.C.); (D.Z.); (G.G.); (X.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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10
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Ye Z, Li J, Pan Y, Wang Z, Guo X, Cheng L, Tang X, Zhu J, Kong L, Song Y, Xing J, Sun Y, Pan X. Synergistic effect of reductions in multiple gaseous precursors on secondary inorganic aerosols in winter under a meteorology-based redistributed daily NH 3 emission inventory within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153383. [PMID: 35085635 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA) account for 20-60% of the total fine particulates in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region of China, indicating an urgent need to clarify the relationship among such compounds. The purpose of this study was to quantify the relationship between emissions of NH3, NOx, SO2, VOCs and SIA concentrations during a severe winter haze episode using an air quality model and a meteorology-based redistributed NH3 emission inventory within the BTH region. The results showed that the model performance regarding the NH3 simulations in January by the four emission inventories improved after the redistribution of daily NH3 emissions, with an increase of 0.02-0.13 in R, a 9-56% decrease in NMB, and a 7-51% decrease in NME. The updated simulations reproduced the daily observations of SIA, SO2, and NO2 well. A total of 125 sets of sensitivity simulations showed that a synergistic reduction in NH3 and VOCs was more efficient in terms of SIA control than simply reducing SO2 or NOx in the BTH region. If only NOx emissions were reduced, the SIA concentration would first increase and then decrease, and it could decline by another 0.86-8.03% in parallel with an equal NH3 emission cut. SIA could be reduced by approximately 22.68% with the most stringent inorganic precursors' control. Moreover, VOCs emission reductions could lead to a decrease in SIA, and the impact of VOCs on SIA was similar to that of NH3. The collaborative control of both inorganic precursors and VOCs was more effective than single-factor control measures for decreasing SIA, and the decline rate was approximately 29.26% under minimum emission conditions. This improved effectiveness was obtained because VOCs mitigation effectively decreases the ozone concentration, which in turn influences SIA formation. Finally, on the premise of a 60% SO2 cut, the reduction scheme NH3:VOCs:NOx = 4:4:1 was suggested for SIA control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yuepeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiurui Guo
- College of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Long Cheng
- College of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jia Xing
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaole Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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11
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Wang M, Wang Q, Ho SSH, Li H, Zhang R, Ran W, Qu L, Lee SC, Cao J. Chemical characteristics and sources of nitrogen-containing organic compounds at a regional site in the North China Plain during the transition period of autumn and winter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:151451. [PMID: 34780830 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic nitrogen constitutes a significant fraction of the nitrogen budget in particulate matter (PM). However, the composition and sources of nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) in PM remain unclear currently in North China Plain (NCP), China. Rare local or regional studies on NOCs were conducted. In this study, ambient fine particles (PM2.5) were collected in Xianghe, a regional background site in NCP, from 26 October to 26 December 2017. The insights from this study include NOC molecule identification, concentration level, and NOC sources and origins. Specifically, we have identified and quantified >90 NOC species, with urea being the most abundant, accounting for 39.7 ± 4.7% of the total NOC followed by free amino acids (FAAs; 21.9 ± 1.5%), cyclic NOCs (15.3 ± 4.5%), amines (14.8 ± 1.5%), alkyl amides (5.8 ± 0.5%), isocyanates (1.7 ± 0.2%), and nitriles (1.1 ± 0.2%). The time series of FAAs was well correlated (r = 0.51-0.68, p < 0.01) with the organic marker of levoglucosan and was moderately correlated with Ox (r = 0.29-0.41, p < 0.01), suggesting biomass burning and secondary formation were important FAAs sources. We also show that amines can be oxidized and/or reacted by aqueous-phase processing to form secondary aerosols, which are further enhanced by the involvement of iron in the catalytic process. Using the receptor model of positive matrix factorization (PMF), six factors were identified including coal combustion, crustal sources, biomass burning, industry-related sources, traffic emissions, and secondary aerosols. Source apportionment of NOC shows biomass burning was the dominant factor, accounting for 31.8% of the total NOCs. This study provides a unique dataset of NOCs at this regional background site in the NCP, with the insights of NOC chemical composition and sources gained in this study being important for future NOC modeling as well as NOC health effects studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, United States; Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huan Li
- Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Renjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Xianghe Observatory of Whole Atmosphere, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xianghe 065400, China
| | - Weikang Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Linli Qu
- Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shun-Cheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Junji Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China.
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12
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Yang Y, Liu L, Bai Z, Xu W, Zhang F, Zhang X, Liu X, Xie Y. Comprehensive quantification of global cropland ammonia emissions and potential abatement. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:151450. [PMID: 34742964 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) emissions mostly from agriculture result in air pollution and degrade human health. However, a full picture of soil NH3 emissions and associated abatement in cropping systems are not well understood. Here we present a thorough analysis of cropland NH3 emissions, discuss mitigation potential and assess associated abatement costs. Global cropland NH3 emissions account for 26% of total soil nitrogen losses, and are estimated as 22.8-31.2 Tg N yr-1 during 1996-2013 with the increase rate of 1.6% yr-1. Our results also show that, with no increase in nitrogen fertilizer, climate change can contribute to an additional 10% increase in cropland NH3 emissions in 2100 compared to the 2010 baseline. Instead, our scenario analysis show, cropland NH3 emissions will decline by 26% from 2010 to 2100 given a 0.5% yr-1 decrease in N fertilizer (with current technology and agricultural management level), considering the facts stronger control policies are expected to occur worldwide including Western Europe, the United States of America and China. The most ambitious management (with all known mitigation practices) can reduce cropland NH3 emissions by up (71%, 17.6 Tg N yr-1) at an abatement cost of US$524 billion. Our findings indicate that cropland NH3 emissions can be mitigated through adoption of appropriate human management practices with considerable economic costs, providing a critical reference for the future NH3 abatement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Yang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Zhaohai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaowen Xie
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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13
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Cheng L, Ye Z, Cheng S, Guo X. Agricultural ammonia emissions and its impact on PM 2.5 concentrations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2000 to 2018. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118162. [PMID: 34555794 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) discharged from agricultural activities to the atmosphere plays a crucial role in the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols. This study analyzed the temporal-spatial development of agricultural NH3 emissions from 2000 to 2018 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region and assessed the effects of reducing PM2.5 by removing agricultural NH3 using an air quality model. The results showed that the interannual agricultural NH3 emissions in the BTH region exhibited a stairs trend from 2000 to 2018, with an average of 971.63 Gg. In particular, agricultural NH3 emissions in the BTH region reached a maximum in summer when the temperature was high and were more concentrated in the southern plains compared to the northern areas. Under the reduction scenario (RS), the agricultural NH3 emissions in the BTH region in 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 were reduced by 2.95%, 4.10%, 18.75%, and 10.21%, resulting in a reduction of 0.5%, 0.5%, 2.5%, and 1.2% of annual mean PM2.5 concentration, respectively, compared with the baseline scenario (BS). Furthermore, agricultural NH3 emissions contributed 12.6, 12.1, 11.9, and 11.3 μg m-3 to PM2.5 concentrations in 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 under the zero-emission scenario (ZS), respectively. However, the contribution rates exhibited a slightly increasing trend from 20.5% in 2015 to 24.6% in 2018. These findings could provide a new understanding of agricultural NH3 emission trends and their impacts on PM2.5 concentration based on actual NH3 mitigation ratios in recent years, thereby guiding the formulation of future control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Cheng
- College of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Zhilan Ye
- College of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- College of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xiurui Guo
- College of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
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14
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Xue L, Sun B, Yang Y, Jin B, Zhuang G, Bai Z, Zhuang X. Efficiency and mechanism of reducing ammonia volatilization in alkaline farmland soil using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens biofertilizer. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111672. [PMID: 34265351 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia volatilization from the farmland caused by the application of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer is the most important source of anthropogenic ammonia emissions. Biofertilizer application has been considered as an alternative option for agriculture sustainability and soil improvement. In this study, field trials were carried out to investigate the efficiency of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA) biofertilizer on alleviating ammonia volatilization in alkaline farmland soil and increasing crop yield and nitrogen utilization. Potential response mechanisms were investigated from soil enzyme, nitrogen cycle function genes and microbial community levels. Compared with conventional fertilization, BA biofertilizer application reduced the ammonia volatilization by 68%, increased the crop yield and nitrogen recovery by 19% and 19%, respectively. Soil enzyme activity analysis showed that BA biofertilizer inhibited the urease activity and enhanced the potential ammonia oxidation (PAO). In addition, BA biofertilizer application also increased the bacterial amoA gene abundance, while decreased the ureC gene abundance. BA biofertilizer also significantly altered the community structure and composition, and especially raised the abundance of ammonia oxidation bacteria (AOB), while no changes were observed in abundance of nitrite oxidation bacteria (NOB). Briefly, BA biofertilizer was approved to reduce the transformation of fertilizer nitrogen to NH4+-N, simultaneously accelerating NH4+-N into the nitrification process, thus decreasing the NH4+-N content remained in alkaline soil and consequently alleviating the ammonia volatilization. Thus, these results suggested that the application of BA biofertilizer is a feasible strategy to improve crop yields and reduce agricultural ammonia emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Xue
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China; Gansu Engineering Design Research Institute Co., Ltd. Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yahong Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Bo Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Guoqiang Zhuang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhihui Bai
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xuliang Zhuang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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15
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Lee J, Choi S, Lee Y, Kim SY. Impact of manure compost amendments on NH 3 volatilization in rice paddy ecosystems during cultivation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117726. [PMID: 34329066 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Livestock manure has been widely used in agriculture to improve soil productivity and quality. However, intensive application can significantly enhance soil nitrogen (N) availability and facilitate ammonia (NH3) volatilization during rice cultivation. The effects of different rates of manure application on the NH3 volatilization rate, its mechanism, and their relationships have not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, field trials were conducted to investigate NH3 volatilization in rice paddy soils amended with different livestock manure, cattle manure (CM), and swine manure (SM), at a rate of 0 (NPK), 10, 20, and 40 Mg ha-1 during cultivation. Moreover, the soil physicochemical and biological properties and rice N uptake were investigated. Ultra-fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was measured quantitatively and qualitatively. Manure application significantly increased NH3 emissions compared to the control. Much higher volatilization rates were observed in the SM soils than in the CM soils, even when the same amount of N was applied. This is mainly related to the higher labile NH4+ concentration and urease activity in SM soils. With increasing application levels, NH3 emission rates proportionally increased in the SM, but there was no significant difference in the CM. Livestock manure application significantly increased NH3 volatilization, particularly during the initial manure application and additional fertilization stages during rice cultivation. The results showed that the application of livestock manure significantly increased NH3 volatilization. Moreover, the biochemical properties of manure composts, including labile N and urease activity, mainly affected NH3 dynamics in rice paddies during cultivation rather than their type. Irrespective of manure application, PM2.5, did not show a significant difference at the initial stage of cultivation. NH3 volatilization was not significantly correlated with the formation of PM2.5. It is necessary to develop effective strategies for mitigating NH3 volatilization and maintaining soil quality without decreasing rice productivity in paddy ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Lee
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwoo Choi
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeomyeong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Life Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Effects of fertilizer under different dripline spacings on summer maize in northern China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18922. [PMID: 34556699 PMCID: PMC8460782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Maximizing grain yields with effective fertilization technologies and minimizing nitrogen losses is essential in agroecosystems. In this research, we conducted a two-year field experiment to explore whether dripline spacing and fertilization rate would affect maize grain yield. Two dripline spacings (i.e., one drip line per row of maize with a row space of 60 cm and one drip line per two rows of maize) and two fertilization rates (i.e., high fertilization level: N, 180 kg ha−1; P2O5, 90 kg ha−1; and K2O, 90 kg ha−1 and low level: N, 139.5 kg ha−1; P2O5, 76.5 kg ha−1; and K2O, 76.5 kg ha−1) were employed in this research. The results showed that maize yield was significantly affected by both dripline spacing and fertilization rate. The maize yield was 10.2% higher in the treatment with one drip line per two rows than that in the treatment with one drip line per row. Maize yield increased by 10.9% at the high fertilization level compared to that at the low fertilization level. The quantity of cumulative ammonia volatilization was reduced by 15.1% with one drip line per two rows compared to that with one drip line per row, whereas it increased by 26.9% at the high fertilization level compared with that at the low fertilization level. These results indicated that one drip line per two rows with a high fertilization rate increased the yield and could reduce the environmental burden, which may be economically beneficial and environmentally sound for maize fertigation for green agricultural development.
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Liu T, Awasthi SK, Duan Y, Pandey A, Zhang Z, Awasthi MK. Current status of global warming potential reduction by cleaner composting. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 32:1002-1028. [DOI: 10.1177/0958305x19882417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The global living standards are currently undergoing a stage of growth; however, such improvement also brings some challenges. Global warming is the greatest threat to all living things and attracts more and more attention on a global scale due to the rapid development of economy. Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) are the common components of greenhouse gases, which contribute to the global warming. Mitigation technologies for these gas emissions are urgently needed in every industry for the aim of cleaner production. Traditional agriculture also contributes significantly to enhance the greenhouse gases emission. Composting is a novel and economic greenhouse gases mitigation strategy compared to other technologies in terms of the organic waste disposal. Some of the European countries showed an increase of more than 50% in the composting rate. The microbial respiration, nitrification and denitrification processes, and the generation of anaerobic condition makes the emission of greenhouse gases inevitable during composting. However, although there have been a lot of papers that focused on the reduction of greenhouse gases emission in composting, none of these has summarized the methods of reducing the emission of greenhouse gases during the composting. This review discusses the benefit of composting in greenhouse gases mitigation in the organic waste management and the current methods to improve mitigation efficiency during cleaner composting. Key physical, chemical, and biological parameters related to greenhouse gases mitigation strategies were precisely studied to give a deep understanding about the emission of greenhouse gases during cleaner composting. Furthermore, the mechanism of greenhouse gases emission mitigation strategies for cleaner composting based on various external measures would be helpful for the exploration of novel and effective mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Sanjeev K Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yumin Duan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Mukesh K Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
- Swedish Center for Resource Recovery Department of Biotechnology, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
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Abstract
Brazil is the largest broiler meat exporter in the world. This important economic activity generates income in different branches of the production chain. However, the decomposition of residues incorporated in the poultry litter generates several gases, among them ammonia. When emitted from the litter to the air, ammonia can cause several damages to animals and man, in addition to being able to convert into a greenhouse gas. Thus, the aim of this article was to carry out a review of the ammonia emission factors in the production of broilers, the methodologies for measuring, and the inventories of emissions already carried out in several countries. The main chemical processes for generating ammonia in poultry litter have been introduced and some practices that can contribute to the reduction of ammonia emissions have been provided. The PMU, Portable Monitoring Unit, and the SMDAE, Saraz Method for Determination of Ammonia Emissions, with the required adaptations, are methodologies that can be used to quantify the ammonia emissions in hybrid facilities with a natural and artificial ventilation system. An ammonia emission inventory can contribute to the control and monitoring of pollutant emissions and is an important step towards adopting emission reductions. However, quantifying the uncertainties about ammonia emission inventories is still a challenge to be overcome.
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Assessment of Emission Reduction and Meteorological Change in PM2.5 and Transport Flux in Typical Cities Cluster during 2013–2017. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13105685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Under the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan (APPCAP) implemented, China has witnessed an air quality change during the past five years, yet the main influence factors remain relatively unexplored. Taking the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) and Yangtze River Delta (YRD) regions as typical cluster cities, the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) and Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extension (CAMx) were introduced to demonstrate the meteorological and emission contribution and PM2.5 flux distribution. The results showed that the PM2.5 concentration in BTH and YRD significantly declined with a descend ratio of −39.6% and −28.1%, respectively. For the meteorological contribution, those regions had a similar tendency with unfavorable conditions in 2013–2015 (contribution concentration 1.6–3.8 μg/m3 and 1.1–3.6 μg/m3) and favorable in 2016 (contribution concentration −1.5 μg/m3 and −0.2 μg/m3). Further, the absolute value of the net flux’s intensity was positively correlated with the degree of the favorable/unfavorable weather conditions. When it came to emission intensity, the total net inflow flux increased, and the outflow flux decreased significantly across the border with the emission increasing. In short: the aforementioned results confirmed the effectiveness of the regional joint emission control and provided scientific support for the proposed effective joint control measures.
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Shu X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ma Y, Men M, Zheng Y, Xue C, Peng Z, Noulas C. Response of soil N 2O emission and nitrogen utilization to organic matter in the wheat and maize rotation system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4396. [PMID: 33623087 PMCID: PMC7902846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The appropriate nitrogen (N) fertilizer regulator could increase N utilization of crops and reduce N losses in the North China Plain. We investigated the effects of reduced inorganic-N rate combined with an organic fertilizer on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in winter wheat and summer maize rotation system. Simultaneously studied the effect of different treatments on N use efficiency (NUE), N balance and net income. After reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the wheat-corn rotation system, the results showed that the cumulative emission of soil N2O from the RN40% + HOM [40% of RN (recommended inorganic-N rate) with homemade organic matter] treatment was 41.0% lower than that of the RN treatment. In addition, the N production efficiency, agronomic efficiency, and apparent utilization were significantly increased by 50.2%, 72.4% and 19.5% than RN, respectively. The use of RN40% + HOM resulted in 22.0 and 30.1% lower soil N residual and N losses as compared with RN. After adding organic substances, soil N2O cumulative emission of RN40% + HOM treatment decreased by 20.9% than that of the HAN (zinc and humic acid urea at the same inorganic-N rate of RN) treatment. The N production efficiency, N agronomic efficiency and NUE of RN40% + HOM treatment were 36.6%, 40.9% and 15.3% higher than HAN's. Moreover, soil residual and apparent loss N were 23.3% and 18.0% less than HAN's. The RN40% + HOM treatment appears to be the most effective as a fertilizer control method where it reduced N fertilizer input and its loss to the environment and provided the highest grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Shu
- Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710075, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Hebei Province Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yanqun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Hebei Province Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Hebei Province Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yang Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Hebei Province Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Mingxin Men
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Hebei Province Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yunpu Zheng
- School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056000, China
| | - Cheng Xue
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Hebei Province Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Zhengping Peng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Hebei Province Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, 071000, China.
| | - Christos Noulas
- Department of Soil and Water Resources, Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-"Demeter", 41335, Larissa, Greece
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21
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Ma R, Zou J, Han Z, Yu K, Wu S, Li Z, Liu S, Niu S, Horwath WR, Zhu-Barker X. Global soil-derived ammonia emissions from agricultural nitrogen fertilizer application: A refinement based on regional and crop-specific emission factors. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:855-867. [PMID: 33155724 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3 ) emissions from fertilized soils to the atmosphere and the subsequent deposition to land surface exert adverse effects on biogeochemical nitrogen (N) cycling. The region- and crop-specific emission factors (EFs) of N fertilizer for NH3 are poorly developed and therefore the global estimate of soil NH3 emissions from agricultural N fertilizer application is constrained. Here we quantified the region- and crop-specific NH3 EFs of N fertilizer by compiling data from 324 worldwide manipulative studies and focused to map the global soil NH3 emissions from agricultural N fertilizer application. Globally, the NH3 EFs averaged 12.56% and 14.12% for synthetic N fertilizer and manure, respectively. Regionally, south-eastern Asia had the highest NH3 EFs of synthetic N fertilizer (19.48%) and Europe had the lowest (6%), which might have been associated with the regional discrepancy in the form and rate of N fertilizer use and management practices in agricultural production. Global agricultural NH3 emissions from the use of synthetic N fertilizer and manure in 2014 were estimated to be 12.32 and 3.79 Tg N/year, respectively. China (4.20 Tg N/year) followed by India (2.37 Tg N/year) and America (1.05 Tg N/year) together contributed to over 60% of the total global agricultural NH3 emissions from the use of synthetic N fertilizer. For crop-specific emissions, the NH3 EFs averaged 11.13%-13.95% for the three main staple crops (i.e., maize, wheat, and rice), together accounting for 72% of synthetic N fertilizer-induced NH3 emissions from croplands in the world and 70% in China. The region- and crop-specific NH3 EFs of N fertilizer established in this study offer references to update the default EF in the IPCC Tier 1 guideline. This work also provides an insight into the spatial variation of soil-derived NH3 emissions from the use of synthetic N fertilizer in agriculture at the global and regional scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoya Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianwen Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaofu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuwei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - William R Horwath
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xia Zhu-Barker
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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22
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Walling E, Vaneeckhaute C. Greenhouse gas emissions from inorganic and organic fertilizer production and use: A review of emission factors and their variability. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 276:111211. [PMID: 32987233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fertilizers have become an essential part of our global food supply chain and are necessary to sustain our growing population. However, fertilizers can also contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, along with other potential nutrient losses in the environment, e.g. through leaching. To reduce this environmental impact, tools such as life cycle assessments and decision support systems are being used to aid in selecting sustainable fertilization scenarios. These scenarios often include organic waste-derived amendments, such as manures, composts and digestates. To produce an accurate assessment and comparison of potential fertilization scenarios, these tools require emission factors (EFs) that are used to estimate GHG emissions and that are an integral part of these analyses. However, such EFs seem to be very variable in nature, thereby often resulting in high uncertainty on the outcomes of the analyses. This review aims to identify ranges and sources of variability in EFs to provide a better understanding of the potential uncertainty on the outcomes, as well as to provide recommendations for selecting EFs for future studies. As such, an extensive review of the literature on GHG emissions from production, storage, transportation and application of synthetic fertilizers (N, P, K), composts, digestates and manures was performed. This paper highlights the high variability that is present in emissions data and confirms the great impact of this uncertainty on the quality and validity of GHG predictions related to fertilizers. Variability in EFs stem from the energy source used for production, operating conditions, storage systems, crop and soil type, soil nutrient content, amount and method of fertilizer application, soil bacterial community, irrigation method, among others. Furthermore, a knowledge gap exists related to EFs for potassium fertilizers and waste valorization (anaerobic digestion/composting) processes. Overall, based on this review, it is recommended to determine EFs on a case by case basis when possible and to use uncertainty analyses as a tool to better understand the impact of EF variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Walling
- BioEngine - Research Team on Green Process Engineering and Biorefineries, Chemical Engineering Department, Université Laval, 1065 Ave. de La Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; CentrEau, Centre de Recherche sur L'eau, Université Laval, 1065 Avenue de La Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Céline Vaneeckhaute
- BioEngine - Research Team on Green Process Engineering and Biorefineries, Chemical Engineering Department, Université Laval, 1065 Ave. de La Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; CentrEau, Centre de Recherche sur L'eau, Université Laval, 1065 Avenue de La Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Kuttippurath J, Singh A, Dash SP, Mallick N, Clerbaux C, Van Damme M, Clarisse L, Coheur PF, Raj S, Abbhishek K, Varikoden H. Record high levels of atmospheric ammonia over India: Spatial and temporal analyses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:139986. [PMID: 32927535 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) is an alkaline gas and a prominent constituent of the nitrogen cycle that adversely affects ecosystems at higher concentrations. It is a pollutant, which influences all three spheres such as haze formation in the atmosphere, soil acidification in the lithosphere, and eutrophication in water bodies. Atmospheric NH3 reacts with sulfur (SOx) and nitrogen (NOx) oxides to form aerosols, which eventually affect human health and climate. Here, we present the seasonal and inter-annual variability of atmospheric NH3 over India in 2008-2016 using the IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) satellite observations. We find that Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) is one of the largest and rapidly growing NH3 hotspots of the world, with a growth rate of +1.2% yr-1 in summer (June-August: Kharif season), due to intense agricultural activities and presence of many fertilizer industries there. However, our analyses show insignificant decreasing trends in annual NH3 of about -0.8% yr-1 in all India, about -0.4% yr-1 in IGP, and -1.0% yr-1 in the rest of India. Ammonia is positively correlated with total fertilizer consumption (r = 0.75) and temperature (r = 0.5) since high temperature favors volatilization, and is anti-correlated with total precipitation (r = from -0.2, but -0.8 in the Rabi season: October-February) as wet deposition helps removal of atmospheric NH3. This study, henceforth, suggests the need for better fertilization practices and viable strategies to curb emissions, to alleviate the adverse health effects and negative impacts on the ecosystem in the region. On the other hand, the overall decreasing trend in atmospheric NH3 over India shows the positive actions, and commitment to the national missions and action plans to reduce atmospheric pollution and changes in climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kuttippurath
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - A Singh
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India; Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - S P Dash
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - N Mallick
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - C Clerbaux
- LATMOS/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France; Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Atmospheric Spectroscopy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Van Damme
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Atmospheric Spectroscopy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Clarisse
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Atmospheric Spectroscopy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P-F Coheur
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Atmospheric Spectroscopy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Raj
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - K Abbhishek
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - H Varikoden
- ESSO-Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune, India
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Pu W, Ma Z, Collett JL, Guo H, Lin W, Cheng Y, Quan W, Li Y, Dong F, He D. Regional transport and urban emissions are important ammonia contributors in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:115062. [PMID: 32806405 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Measuring ammonia (NH3) is important for understanding the role of NH3 in secondary aerosol formation and the atmospheric deposition of reactive N. In this study, NH3 was measured in an urban area, a background region, and a tunnel in Beijing. The average NH3 concentrations between September 2017 and August 2018 were 24.8 ± 14.8 ppb and 11.6 ± 10.3 ppb in the urban area and background region, respectively. Higher NH3 concentrations at both the urban and background sites, relative to some earlier measurements indicated a likely increase in the NH3 concentrations in these regions. The urban NH3 level in Beijing was much higher than that typically observed at urban and industrial sites in other domestic and foreign cities, suggesting that the Beijing urban area was affected by greater NH3 emissions than other regions. Based on the relationship among NH3, wind direction, and wind speed, the urban area was affected by both local emissions and air transported from North China Plain (NCP). Potential source contribution function analyses suggested that regional transport from the NCP could greatly affect local concentrations of NH3 in both urban and background areas in spring and autumn; however, in addition to the NCP, urban emissions could also affect NH3 levels in the background region in summer and winter. The average NH3 concentration at the Fenshuiling Tunnel was 8.5 ± 7.7 ppb from December 2017 to February 2018. The NH3:CO emission ratio measured in the tunnel test was 0.022 ± 0.038 ppb/ppb, which was lower than values in the USA and South Korea. The contribution of traffic to NH3 in Beijing did not agree well with the available emission inventories, suggesting that vehicular emissions were underestimated and further evaluation is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Pu
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100089, China; Environmental Meteorological Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100089, China; Environmental Meteorological Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100089, China; Beijing Shangdianzi Regional Atmosphere Watch Station, Beijing, 101507, China.
| | - Jeffery L Collett
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Heng Guo
- Environmental Meteorological Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Weili Lin
- College of Life & Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Beijing Transport Institute, Beijing, 100073, China
| | - Weijun Quan
- Environmental Meteorological Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Yingruo Li
- Environmental Meteorological Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Fan Dong
- Environmental Meteorological Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Di He
- Environmental Meteorological Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100089, China
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Wang F, Wang Y, Cai Z, Chen X. Environmental losses and driving forces of nitrogen flow in two agricultural towns of Hebei province during 1997-2017. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114636. [PMID: 32380391 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Excessive nitrogen (N) losses from food production and consumption have resulted in noticeable environmental impacts, e.g., air pollution and climate change, saturation of soil N, and water eutrophication. In the present study, a rural-scale N flow model was constructed in Quzhou county, Hebei province to investigate the characteristics of the N flux, N use efficiency (NUE), and N loss and their driving factors in the food production and consumption system during 1997-2017. Our results show that the N fluxes of the crop-production subsystem (CPS), the livestock-breeding subsystem (LBS), and the household-consumption subsystem (HCS) all followed an upward trend. During 1997-2017, the N losses from the system were high (51.38%), and the CPS was a major source. When the N fertilizer application level was optimal (403-475 kg N ha-1), the NUE in the CPS (NUEc) decreased sharply, resulting in a higher N cost than that observed at larger scales. For the LBS, the NUE of animal feed (NUEa) was high (46.37%); however, the waste utilization rate of the HCS was below 30%. The chemical fertilizer application level, feed input, animal-food demand, and livestock manure application level were closely related to the environmental N losses. Due to the lack of reasonable N treatment and utilization methods, the increasing N losses are expected to have a large future impact on environmental issues such as haze, soil acidification, and frequent algal blooms. Therefore, adjusting N management in the processes of food production and consumption is of great significance to the improvement of global NUE and reduction of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zucong Cai
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Amin AEEAZ. Carbon sequestration, kinetics of ammonia volatilization and nutrient availability in alkaline sandy soil as a function on applying calotropis biochar produced at different pyrolysis temperatures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138489. [PMID: 32320875 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This incubation study assessed the effects of unpyrolyzed Calotropis procera and its biochar produced at different pyrolysis temperatures as well as incubation periods on carbon (C) emission, ammonia (NH3) volatilization, soil quality indicators and nutrient availability of alkaline sandy soil. Five treatments were studied in this experiment: unamended soil (CK), unpyrolyzed calotropis (UPC), calotropis biochar at 250 °C (CB250), calotropis biochar at 400 °C (CB400), and calotropis biochar at 650 °C (CB650). These amendments were applied to the soil at level of 4% (w/w). The results of this study showed that applying unpyrolyzed calotropis residues increased cumulative CO2 emission from the soil by 117.3, 239.4 and 232.0% over CB250, CB400, and CB650, respectively, by the end of incubation. Compared to the unamended soil, applying CB250 reduced cumulative NH3 volatilization in soil by 71.5%, which attributed to ammonia adsorption because of increased cation exchange capacity and decreased soil pH, but CB650 increased cumulative NH3 volatilization by 73.3% after the 3-day incubation as a result of high soil pH. The available phosphorus in soil improved significantly (p ≤ 0.01) with adding unpyrolyzed calotropis residues and its biochar produced at different pyrolysis temperatures compared to the unamended soil. The values of available phosphorus in the soil under study influenced significantly by pyrolysis temperatures of produced biochar; this is due to the pyrolysis of feedstocks increases labile phosphorus. Thenceforth, using biochar is an important strategy for enhancing carbon sequestration, decreasing ammonia volatilization and improving soil quality parameters in arid regions.
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27
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Yu X, Shen L, Hou X, Yuan L, Pan Y, An J, Yan S. High-resolution anthropogenic ammonia emission inventory for the Yangtze River Delta, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126342. [PMID: 32169712 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) is one of the regions with air pollution and high ammonia (NH3) emission in China. A high-resolution ammonia emission inventory for the YRD region was developed based on the updated source-specific emission factor (EFs) and the county-level activity data. The 1 × 1 km gridded emissions were allocated by using the appropriate spatial surrogate. The total NH3 emissions changed insignificantly from 2006 to 2014 and varied in the range of 981.65 kt - 1014.30 kt. The fertilizer application and livestock were the major contributors of total emission. Humans, biomass burning and vehicles were the top three contributors of non-agricultural sources, accounting for 37.24%, 31.02% and 10.85%, respectively. Vehicles were calculated to be the non-agricultural source with the fastest annual growth rate. NH3 emissions from the nitrogen fertilizer application generally peaked in summer, corresponding to the planting schedule and relatively high temperature. High NH3 emissions occurred in the north as opposed to low emissions in the south of the YRD. The cities of Xuzhou, Yancheng and Nantong with more agricultural activities were demonstrated to have relatively high NH3 emissions, contributing 10.0%, 9.0 and 7.1% of total emissions, respectively. The validity of the emission estimates was further evaluated based on the uncertainty analysis by Monte Carlo simulation, comparison with previous studies, and correlation analysis between NH3 emission density and observed ground NH3 concentration. A detailed NH3 emission inventory is the basis of regional-scale air quality model simulation and can provide valuable information for understanding the formation mechanism of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingna Yu
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Li Shen
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Operations & Customer Center, China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Xinhong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Liang Yuan
- College of Atmospheric Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Yuepeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Junlin An
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Shuqi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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Chu Q, Xue L, Singh BP, Yu S, Müller K, Wang H, Feng Y, Pan G, Zheng X, Yang L. Sewage sludge-derived hydrochar that inhibits ammonia volatilization, improves soil nitrogen retention and rice nitrogen utilization. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125558. [PMID: 31855761 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising technique for treating sewage sludge. In this study, three sewage sludge-derived hydrochars produced with water (SSHW), 1 wt% magnesium citrate (SSHM) solution, and 1 wt% magnesium citrate mixed with 1 wt% sulfuric acid (SSHMS) solution were applied to columns of packed paddy soil. We evaluated the effects of these differently modified sewage sludge-hydrochars on ammonia volatilization, soil nitrogen (N) retention and rice growth. Results showed that compared to the control, SSHMS reduced the cumulative ammonia volatilization determined after three split application of N-fertilizer. SSHM and SSHMS both reduced the yield-scale ammonia volatilization by 20.3% and 41.2% respectively. Moreover, the addition of three sewage sludge-derived hydrochars increased soil ammonium-N retention after the first supplementary fertilization; however, after the second supplementary fertilization, only SSHMS addition significantly increased soil ammonium-N retention. Of the three hydrochars tested, SSHMS has the strongest effects on soil ammonium-N retention and inhibition of ammonium-N loss in floodwater. This was attributed to increased ammonium sorption driven by SSHMS's lower surface pH and porous diameter, larger adsorption porous volume and higher abundance of carboxyl functional groups. Additionally, the increased soil N retention increased grain N content and yield. Our results provide a novel method to valorize sewage sludge into a valuable fertilizer that if applied to paddy soil it can inhibit ammonia volatilization, N loss in floodwater, and promote N use efficiency by rice, with positive implications for sustainable rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingnan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Centre of Integrated Water-Energy-Food Studies, School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, Nottinghamshire, NG25 0QF, UK
| | - Lihong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Bhupinder Pal Singh
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Shan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Karin Müller
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Yanfang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
| | - Gang Pan
- Centre of Integrated Water-Energy-Food Studies, School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, Nottinghamshire, NG25 0QF, UK
| | - Xuebo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Linzhang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
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29
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Guo X, Ye Z, Chen D, Wu H, Shen Y, Liu J, Cheng S. Prediction and mitigation potential of anthropogenic ammonia emissions within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113863. [PMID: 31918139 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Large ammonia (NH3) emissions contribute approximately 8-30% to the fine particle pollution in China and highlight the need for understanding the emission trends and mitigation effects of NH3 in the future. The purpose of this study is to predict the NH3 emissions and analyze the mitigation potential up to year 2040 by scenario analysis based on the established new NH3 emission inventory from anthropogenic sources for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region. The results showed that the total NH3 emission in the BTH region was estimated at 966.14 Gg in 2016. Under the Business-as-Usual (BAU) scenario, the total NH3 emissions in 2030 and 2040 would increase by 13% and 26% compared with 2016 levels, with average annual growth rates of 0.9% and 1.0%, respectively. Livestock will continue to dominate NH3 emissions in the future, with the proportions of total emissions increasing from 57% in 2016 to 64% in 2030 and 68% in 2040. The share of the second-largest NH3 emission source, synthetic fertilizer application, will decrease from 36% in 2016 to 31% in 2030 and 27% in 2040. Among five other sources, the largest change occurred in waste disposal, increasing notably by 3.31 times from 2016 to 2040 owing to rapid urbanization. Under the Combined Options (CO) scenario, the total NH3 emissions could be reduced by as much as 34% by 2030 and 50% by 2040 compared with the BAU scenario, which is attributed to livestock (24% in 2030, 37% in 2040) and synthetic fertilizer application (10% in 2030, 13% in 2040), respectively. This study can give a reliable estimation of anthropogenic NH3 emission in the BTH region during 2020-2040 and provide a valuable reference for effective mitigation measures and control strategies for policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurui Guo
- College of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Zhilan Ye
- College of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Dongsheng Chen
- College of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Hongkan Wu
- College of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Yaqian Shen
- College of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Junfang Liu
- College of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- College of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
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30
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Zeng W, Li J. Spatio-temporal distribution of ammonia (NH 3) emissions in agricultural fields across North China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:8129-8141. [PMID: 31897989 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07326-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is one of the main polluted gases in the atmosphere, and its emission has markedly increased in recent years. In China, NH3 is mainly emitted from agricultural fields. Using city-wide data on NH3 emissions in agricultural fields, the spatio-temporal emission of NH3 was estimated for North China. This included emissions from nitrogen fertilizers, field straws, background soil, nitrogen-fixing plants, human feces, and livestock/poultry manure. Based on the results, the range of NH3 emission in agricultural lands was 1623.0-1801.5 Gg/year. The rate of increase in NH3 emission in the period 2003-2015 was 0.74% per year, which was relatively stable. The leading sources of NH3 emission included the excessive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture and the continuous expansion of livestock and poultry industries scale, accounting respectively for 44.9% and 43.9% NH3 emission in the study area, respectively. Hebei and Shandong provinces contributed the highest NH3 emission in North China. The contribution rate of NH3 emission in each province varied with sources, agricultural development, and population density. Based on the 1 km × 1 km grid resolution map for NH3 emission, the range and average of emission were 9.72-10.13 kg/ha and 9.95 kg/ha, respectively. High emissions were in the southeast of Hebei province and most of Shandong province. For these regions, there is a need for changes in policies relating to the use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture and the management methods of livestock production in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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31
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Xie WM, Li SJ, Shi WM, Zhang HL, Fang F, Wang GX, Zhang LM. Quantitatively ranking the influencing factors of ammonia volatilization from paddy soils by grey relational entropy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:2319-2327. [PMID: 31776910 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) volatilization from paddy soils is a main source of atmospheric NH3 and the magnitude is affected by many factors. Because of the complex field condition, it is difficult to identify the relative importance of individual factor on NH3 volatilization process in different locations and at different times. In this study, the grey relational entropy method was used to evaluate the relative impact of four main factors (i.e., nitrogen fertilizer application rate, NH4-N concentration, pH, and temperature of the floodwater) on NH3 volatilization loss from three different field experiments. The results demonstrated that floodwater NH4-N concentration was the most important factor governing NH3 volatilization process. Floodwater pH was the second most important factor, followed by temperature of the floodwater and nitrogen fertilizer application rate. We further validated the grey relational entropy method with NH3 volatilization loss data from other published study and confirmed the order of importance for the four factors. We hope the findings of this study will be helpful for guiding design to reduce paddy soil NH3 emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ming Xie
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Wei-Ming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078-6028, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Guo-Xiang Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Li-Min Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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32
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Li A, Strokal M, Bai Z, Kroeze C, Ma L. How to avoid coastal eutrophication - a back-casting study for the North China Plain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:676-690. [PMID: 31539976 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication is a serious problem in Chinese seas. We explore possibilities to avoid coastal eutrophication without compromising food production in the North China Plain. We used the Model to Assess River Inputs of Nutrient to seAs (MARINA 1.0) for back-casting and scenario analysis. Avoiding coastal eutrophication by 2050 implies required reductions in river export of total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) by 50-90% for the Hai, Huai and Huang rivers. We analyzed the potential to meet these targets in 54 scenarios assuming improvements in manure recycling, fertilizer application, animal feed and wastewater treatment. Results indicate that combining manure recycling while reducing synthetic fertilizer use are effective options to reduce nutrient inputs to seas. Without such options, direct discharge of manure are important sources of water pollution. In the 7-25 scenarios with the low eutrophication potential, 40-100% of the N and P in untreated manure is recycled on land to replace synthetic fertilizers. Our results can support the formulation of effective environmental policies to avoid coastal eutrophication in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Maryna Strokal
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Zhaohai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China.
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33
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Kong L, Tang X, Zhu J, Wang Z, Pan Y, Wu H, Wu L, Wu Q, He Y, Tian S, Xie Y, Liu Z, Sui W, Han L, Carmichael G. Improved Inversion of Monthly Ammonia Emissions in China Based on the Chinese Ammonia Monitoring Network and Ensemble Kalman Filter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12529-12538. [PMID: 31576752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) emission inventories are an essential input in chemical transport models and are helpful for policy-makers to refine mitigation strategies. However, current estimates of Chinese NH3 emissions still have large uncertainties. In this study, an improved inversion estimation of NH3 emissions in China has been made using an ensemble Kalman filter and the Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System. By first assimilating the surface NH3 observations from the Ammonia Monitoring Network in China at a high resolution of 15 km, our inversion results have provided new insights into the spatial and temporal patterns of Chinese NH3 emissions. More enhanced NH3 emission hotspots, likely associated with industrial or agricultural sources, were captured in northwest China, where the a posteriori NH3 emissions were more than twice the a priori emissions. Monthly variations of NH3 emissions were optimized in different regions of China and exhibited a more distinct seasonality, with the emissions in summer being twice those in winter. The inversion results were well-validated by several independent datasets that traced gaseous NH3 and related atmospheric processes. These findings highlighted that the improved inversion estimation can be used to advance our understanding of NH3 emissions in China and their environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kong
- CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Climate and Environment Sciences (ICCES), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Climate and Environment Sciences (ICCES), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen 361021 , China
| | - Yuepeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Huangjian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Qizhong Wu
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Yuexin He
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Shili Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yuzhu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zirui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Wenxuan Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Lina Han
- Chengdu University of Information Technology , Chengdu 610225 , China
| | - Greg Carmichael
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , United States
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Huang CB, Xiao L, Xing SC, Chen JY, Yang YW, Zhou Y, Chen W, Liang JB, Mi JD, Wang Y, Wu YB, Liao XD. The microbiota structure in the cecum of laying hens contributes to dissimilar H 2S production. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:770. [PMID: 31646963 PMCID: PMC6813079 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host genotype plays a crucial role in microbial composition of laying hens, which may lead to dissimilar odor gas production. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship among layer breed, microbial structure and odor production. RESULTS Thirty Hy-Line Gray and thirty Lohmann Pink laying hens were used in this study to determine the impact of cecal microbial structure on odor production of laying hens. The hens were managed under the same husbandry and dietary regimes. Results of in vivo experiments showed a lower hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production from Hy-Line hens and a lower concentration of soluble sulfide (S2-) but a higher concentration of butyrate in the cecal content of the Hy-Line hens compared to Lohmann Pink hens (P < 0.05), which was consistent with the in vitro experiments (P < 0.05). However, ammonia (NH3) production was not different between genotypes (P > 0.05). Significant microbial structural differences existed between the two breed groups. The relative abundance of some butyrate producers (including Butyricicoccus, Butyricimonas and Roseburia) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (including Mailhella and Lawsonia) were found to be significantly correlated with odor production and were shown to be different in the 16S rRNA and PCR data between two breed groups. Furthermore, some bacterial metabolism pathways associated with energy extraction and carbohydrate utilization (oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate metabolism, energy metabolism, two component system and secretion system) were overrepresented in the Hy-Line hens, while several amino acid metabolism-associated pathways (amino acid related enzymes, arginine and proline metabolism, and alanine-aspartate and glutamate metabolism) were more prevalent in the Lohmann hens. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that genotype of laying hens influence cecal microbiota, which in turn modulates their odor production. Our study provides references for breeding and enteric manipulation for defined microbiota to reduce odor gas emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Bo Huang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Cheng Xing
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Wen Yang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan-Boo Liang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, University of Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Jian-Dui Mi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Bao Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Di Liao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. .,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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35
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Shi Z, Sun X, Lu Y, Xi L, Zhao X. Emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide from typical dairy barns in central China and major factors influencing the emissions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13821. [PMID: 31554873 PMCID: PMC6761193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There are few studies on the concentrations and emission characteristics of ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from Chinese dairy farms. The purpose of this study was to calculate the emission rates of NH3 and H2S during summer and to investigate influencing factors for NH3 and H2S emissions from typical dairy barns in central China. Eleven dairy barns with open walls and double-slope bell tower roofs from three dairy farms were studied. Five different locations in each barn were sampled both near the floor and at 1.5 m above the floor. Concentrations of NH3 and H2S were measured using the Nessler’s reagent spectrophotometry method and the methylene blue spectrophotometric method, respectively. NH3 concentrations varied between 0.58 and 4.76 mg/m3 with the average of 1.54 mg/m3, while H2S concentrations ranged from 0.024 to 0.151 mg/m3 with the average of 0.092 mg/m3. The concentrations of NH3 and H2S were higher during the day than at night, and were higher near the ground than at the height of 1.5 m, and were higher in the manure area than in other areas. NH3 and H2S concentrations in the barns were significantly correlated with nitrogen and sulfur contents in feed and manure (P < 0.05), and with temperature inside the barns (P < 0.05). Calculated emission rates of NH3 ranged from 13.8 to 41.3 g NH3/(AU·d), while calculated emission rates of H2S ranged from 0.15 to 0.46 g H2S/(AU·d). These results will serve as a starting point for a national inventory of NH3 and H2S for the Chinese dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Xiaoqin Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yao Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lei Xi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China. .,Department of Animal Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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36
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Wang W, Xu W, Wen Z, Wang D, Wang S, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Liu X. Characteristics of Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen Deposition in Nyingchi City. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4645. [PMID: 30874577 PMCID: PMC6420578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric reactive nitrogen (N) deposition has been proven to be an important nutrient input from external environments to forest ecosystems. However, the magnitude of atmospheric N deposition in the Tibetan region of China is not well known. In this study, multi-year (between 2005 and 2016) measurements of dry and wet N deposition were carried out in Nyingchi (NC) city, southeastern Tibet. Bulk deposition was collected by the rain gauge method; dry deposition was calculated by the inferential method, namely, multiplying ambient N concentrations by dry deposition velocity (Vd) of the N species. During the entire period, annual bulk and dry N deposition fluxes averaged 2.19 and 1.85 kg N ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Total N deposition fluxes (the sum of reduced and oxidized N species in dry and bulk deposition) showed an obvious increasing trend, especially for oxidized N species. Both bulk and dry N deposition showed a consistent seasonal pattern, with the highest fluxes in summer and the lowest in winter. Our findings suggest that N deposition to the urban environment in southeast Tibet has recently shifted from ammonium-dominated to nitrate-dominated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, Tibet, 860000, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhang Wen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sen Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, Tibet, 860000, China
| | - Yuanhong Zhao
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Peng Y, Cui J, Zhu H, Cao Y, Du K, Yao D. Long-term spatiotemporal variations of atmospheric sulfur, nitrogen and particle pollutants in Chongqing, southwest China: implication of industrial transfer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:8098-8110. [PMID: 30685864 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Industrial transfer has swept through in China. However, there is still a knowledge gap about its environmental effects. In this study, industrial transfer status was assessed and evaluated by industrial ratios (%; the gross product contributions of the secondary industry to the whole industry) and the impact of such transfer on atmospheric environment (SO2, NO2, PM10 (particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm), precipitations of SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+) in the 38 districts and counties in Chongqing was analyzed and discussed for the period of 2006-2015. Results showed that industries were transferred obviously from the main urban region (MUR) into the 1-h economic region (OHER). Atmospheric sulfur and PM10 were efficiently put in control, but atmospheric nitrogen (NO2; precipitations of NO3- and NH4+) was increasing and posted a potential threat to air quality especially during 2011-2015. Correlations showed that industrial ratios had significantly positive relationships with concentrations of ambient SO2 and PM10 in the MUR and ambient NO2 in the OHER (p < 0.05) while a remarkably negative one with concentrations of ambient SO2 in the OHER (p < 0.05) during 2006-2015, implying that industrial transfer could be effective in transferring sulfur pollution but not as efficient in transferring atmospheric nitrogen and PM10 pollutions as SO2 between in the MUR and OHER. More measures should be taken to reduce nitrogen and PM10 emission and a regional monitoring network of ambient NH3 is in urgent need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Peng
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing, 210014, China.
- Center of Atmospheric Environment Research, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.
| | - Hongyun Zhu
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, China
| | - Youhui Cao
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Dongrui Yao
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing, 210014, China
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38
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Xu R, Tian H, Pan S, Prior SA, Feng Y, Batchelor WD, Chen J, Yang J. Global ammonia emissions from synthetic nitrogen fertilizer applications in agricultural systems: Empirical and process-based estimates and uncertainty. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:314-326. [PMID: 30358033 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Excessive ammonia (NH3 ) emitted from nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications in global croplands plays an important role in atmospheric aerosol production, resulting in visibility reduction and regional haze. However, large uncertainty exists in the estimates of NH3 emissions from global and regional croplands, which utilize different data and methods. In this study, we have coupled a process-based Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM) with the bidirectional NH3 exchange module in the Community Multiscale Air-Quality (CMAQ) model (DLEM-Bi-NH3 ) to quantify NH3 emissions at the global and regional scale, and crop-specific NH3 emissions globally at a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5° during 1961-2010. Results indicate that global NH3 emissions from N fertilizer use have increased from 1.9 ± 0.03 to 16.7 ± 0.5 Tg N/year between 1961 and 2010. The annual increase of NH3 emissions shows large spatial variations across the global land surface. Southern Asia, including China and India, has accounted for more than 50% of total global NH3 emissions since the 1980s, followed by North America and Europe. Rice cultivation has been the largest contributor to total global NH3 emissions since the 1990s, followed by corn and wheat. In addition, results show that empirical methods without considering environmental factors (constant emission factor in the IPCC Tier 1 guideline) could underestimate NH3 emissions in context of climate change, with the highest difference (i.e., 6.9 Tg N/year) occurring in 2010. This study provides a robust estimate on global and regional NH3 emissions over the past 50 years, which offers a reference for assessing air quality consequences of future nitrogen enrichment as well as nitrogen use efficiency improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongting Xu
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Hanqin Tian
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shufen Pan
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | | | - Yucheng Feng
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | | | - Jian Chen
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Jia Yang
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Forestry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Starkville, Mississippi
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Xu Y, Xiao H, Guan H, Long C. Monitoring atmospheric nitrogen pollution in Guiyang (SW China) by contrasting use of Cinnamomum Camphora leaves, branch bark and bark as biomonitors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:1037-1048. [PMID: 29050730 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Moss (as a reference material) and camphor (Cinnamomum Camphora) leaf, branch bark and bark samples were systematically collected across an urban-rural gradient in Guiyang (SW China) to determine the efficacy of using these bio-indicators to evaluate nitrogen (N) pollution. The tissue N concentrations (0.13%-2.70%) and δ15N values (-7.5‰ to +9.3‰) of all of these bio-indicators exhibited large spatial variations, as they recorded higher values in urban areas that quickly decreased with distance from the city center; moreover, both soil N concentrations and soil δ15N values were found no significant differences within each 6 km from the urban to the rural area. This not only suggests that the different N uptake strategies and variety of N responses of these bio-indicators can be reflected by their different susceptibilities to variations in N deposition but also reveals that they are able to indicate that urban N deposition is mostly from traffic and industry (NOx-N), whereas rural N deposition is mainly from agriculture (NHx-N). Compared to previously collected urban moss and camphor leaf samples, the significantly increased δ15N values in current urban moss and camphor leaf samples further indicate a greater contribution of NOx-N than NHx-N to urban N deposition. The feasibility of using the N concentrations and δ15N values of branch bark and bark as biomarkers of N deposition thus was further confirmed through the comparative use of these bio-indicators. It can be concluded that vascular plant leaves, branch bark and bark can be used as useful biomonitoring tools for evaluating atmospheric N pollution. For further study, quantitative criteria for the practical use of these bio-indicators in response to N deposition should be developed and the differences in the δ15N values of different plant parts should also be considered, particularly in urban environments that are severely disrupted by atmospheric pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99, Linchengxi Road, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huayun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99, Linchengxi Road, Guiyang 550081, China.
| | - Hui Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99, Linchengxi Road, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Chaojun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99, Linchengxi Road, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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40
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Zhao ZQ, Bai ZH, Winiwarter W, Kiesewetter G, Heyes C, Ma L. Mitigating ammonia emission from agriculture reduces PM 2.5 pollution in the Hai River Basin in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 609:1152-1160. [PMID: 28787789 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The Hai River Basin (HRB), one of the most populated areas in China, is experiencing high NH3 emissions, mostly from agricultural sources, and suffering from strongly enhanced PM2.5 concentrations in all urban areas. Further population growth and urbanization projected until 2030 may exacerbate this situation. Here, the NUFER (NUtrient flows in Food chains, Environment and Resources use) and GAINS (Greenhouse gas - Air pollution Interactions and Synergies) models have been coupled for the first time to understand possible changes of agricultural NH3 emission between 2012 and 2030 and their impacts on ambient PM2.5 concentrations, and to explore options to improve this situation. Results show that agricultural ammonia emissions in the HRB were 1179kt NH3 in 2012, 45% of which was from the hotspots at or near conurbation areas, including Beijing-Tianjin, Tangshan-Qinhuangdao, Shijiazhuang-Baoding, Dezhou, Handan-Liaocheng, and Xinxiang. Without intervention, agricultural ammonia emissions will further increase by 33% by 2030. The impacts of several scenarios were tested with respect to air pollution. Compared to the business-as-usual scenario, a scenario of improved technology and management combined with human diet optimization could greatly reduce emission (by 60%), and lead to 22-43% and 9-24% decrease of the secondary inorganic aerosols and PM2.5 concentrations, respectively, in the hotspots of NH3 emissions. Our results further confirmed that ammonia control is needed for air pollution abatement strategies (SO2, NOx and primary PM reduction) to be effective in terms of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Q Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z H Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - W Winiwarter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - G Kiesewetter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - C Heyes
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - L Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China.
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41
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Estimation of Satellite-Based SO42− and NH4+ Composition of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter over China Using Chemical Transport Model. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9080817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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42
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Song T, Wang S, Zhang Y, Song J, Liu F, Fu P, Shiraiwa M, Xie Z, Yue D, Zhong L, Zheng J, Lai S. Proteins and Amino Acids in Fine Particulate Matter in Rural Guangzhou, Southern China: Seasonal Cycles, Sources, and Atmospheric Processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:6773-6781. [PMID: 28505430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble proteinaceous matter including proteins and free amino acids (FAAs) as well as some other chemical components was analyzed in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples collected over a period of one year in rural Guangzhou. Annual averaged protein and total FAAs concentrations were 0.79 ± 0.47 μg m-3 and 0.13 ± 0.05 μg m-3, accounting for 1.9 ± 0.7% and 0.3 ± 0.1% of PM2.5, respectively. Among FAAs, glycine was the most abundant species (19.9%), followed by valine (18.5%), methionine (16.1%), and phenylalanine (13.5%). Both proteins and FAAs exhibited distinct seasonal variations with higher concentrations in autumn and winter than those in spring and summer. Correlation analysis suggests that aerosol proteinaceous matter was mainly derived from intensive agricultural activities, biomass burning, and fugitive dust/soil resuspension. Significant correlations between proteins/FAAs and atmospheric oxidant (O3) indicate that proteins/FAAs may be involved in O3 related atmospheric processes. Our observation confirms that ambient FAAs could be degraded from proteins under the influence of O3, and the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactions were estimated for FAAs and glycine. This finding provides a possible pathway for the production of aerosol FAAs in the atmosphere, which will improve the current understanding on atmospheric processes of proteinaceous matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junwei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fobang Liu
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Pingqing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research , Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Dingli Yue
- Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring , Guangzhou 510308, China
| | - Liuju Zhong
- Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring , Guangzhou 510308, China
| | - Junyu Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Senchao Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006, China
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43
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Ground Ammonia Concentrations over China Derived from Satellite and Atmospheric Transport Modeling. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9050467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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A new urease-inhibiting formulation decreases ammonia volatilization and improves maize nitrogen utilization in North China Plain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43853. [PMID: 28272451 PMCID: PMC5341050 DOI: 10.1038/srep43853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Overuse of urea, low nitrogen (N) utilization, and large N losses are common in maize production in North China Plain (NCP). To solve these problems, we conducted two field experiments at Shangzhuang and Quzhou in NCP to test the ability of a newly developed urease inhibitor product Limus® to decrease NH3 volatilization from urea applied to maize. Grain yield, apparent N recovery efficiency (REN) and N balance when using urea applied with or without Limus were also measured over two maize growing seasons. Cumulative NH3 loss in the two weeks following urea application without Limus ranged from 9-108 kg N ha-1, while Limus addition significantly decreased NH3 loss by a mean of 84%. Urea with Limus did not significantly increase maize yields (P < 0.05) compared with urea alone. However, a significant 11-17% improvement in REN with Limus was observed at QZ. The use of urea-N plus Limus would permit a reduction in N applications of 55-60% compared to farmers' practice and/or further 20% N saving compared with optimized urea-N rate (150 kg N ha-1, based on N requirement by target yield of 7.5 t ha-1), and would achieve the same maize yields but with significantly decreased NH3 loss and increased N utilization.
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45
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Feng Y, Sun H, Xue L, Liu Y, Gao Q, Lu K, Yang L. Biochar applied at an appropriate rate can avoid increasing NH 3 volatilization dramatically in rice paddy soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:1277-1284. [PMID: 27919533 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biochar application can increase carbon sequestration and reduce greenhouse gases emissions in paddy soils. However, its influence on ammonia (NH3) volatilization is neglected. This soil column study was conducted using two biochars (wheat straw pyrolyzed at 500 °C and 700 °C) with two application rates (0.5 wt% and 3 wt%) to evaluate their impact on NH3 volatilization from rice paddy. Results showed that biochar application did not change NH3 volatilization fluxes pattern after N fertilization. Four biochar treatments recorded higher NH3 volatilization (20.50-31.88 kg N ha-1) compared with the control (18.65 kg N ha-1). Especially, two 3 wt% biochar treatments had significantly 40.8-70.9% higher NH3 volatilization than control. After the basal and first supplementary fertilization, the floodwater pH values were 7.61-7.79 and 7.51-7.76 under biochar treatments, higher than control (7.37 and 7.16, respectively). Meanwhile, after three split N fertilizations, the pH of surface soil received biochar increased by 0.19-0.45, 0.19-0.39, and 0.01-0.21 units, in comparison with the control soil. Furthermore, 3 wt% biochar treatments had higher floodwater and surface soil pH values than 0.5 wt% biochar treatments. Higher NH4+-N and lower NO3--N concentrations of surface soil under biochar application were observed compared with control at tillering stage, whereas they were at similar level at jointing stage. The increased NH3 volatilization at 3 wt% biochar treatments is attributed to increased pH of surface floodwater and soil, and reduced nitrification processes induced by biochar application. Biochar should be applied at lower rate to rice paddy soil, considering the NH3 volatilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Feng
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Haijun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Lihong Xue
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Qian Gao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Kouping Lu
- School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F Univerisity, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Linzhang Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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46
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Wlazło Ł, Nowakowicz-Dębek B, Kapica J, Kwiecień M, Pawlak H. Removal of ammonia from poultry manure by aluminosilicates. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 183:722-725. [PMID: 27641655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to test the possibility of using aluminosilicates as natural sorbents of ammonia from poultry manure. The ammonia-absorbing properties of sodium bentonite and zeolite were confirmed in ex situ conditions. The most significant reduction in the level of ammonia with respect to the control was noted for 2% bentonite and 1% zeolite. The mean reduction for the entire period of the experiment ranged from 26.41% to 29.04%. The aluminosilicates tested can be used to neutralize ammonia released on poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Wlazło
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Environment, University of Life Sciences, ul. Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Bożena Nowakowicz-Dębek
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Environment, University of Life Sciences, ul. Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Kapica
- Department of Technology Fundamentals, University of Life Sciences, ul. Głęboka 28, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Kwiecień
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Halina Pawlak
- Department of Technology Fundamentals, University of Life Sciences, ul. Głęboka 28, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
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47
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The allometry of reproductive allocation in a Chloris virgata population in response to simulated atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Basic Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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48
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Wang A, Wang Y, Di Liao X, Wu Y, Liang JB, Laudadio V, Tufarelli V. Sodium butyrate mitigates in vitro ammonia generation in cecal content of laying hens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:16272-9. [PMID: 27154844 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6777-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
One of the environmental challenges that modern poultry industry faced is odor pollution caused by ammonia emission. The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of sodium butyrate on the production of ammonia in the cecal contents of laying hens using in vitro gas production study and to elucidate the mechanism behind it. The study consisted of a control (without sodium butyrate), and three experimental groups added with 10, 15, and 20 mg of sodium butyrate, respectively. Results showed that ammonia production in headspace of the syringe decreased by 8.2, 23, and 23 %, respectively, while ammonium production from the fermentation broth decreased by 6.3, 14.4, and 13.7 %, respectively. Sodium butyrate had no significant effect on the contents of uric acid and urea, nitrate-N, or total N in all treatments. However, sodium butyrate decreased the urease and uricase activities (P < 0.05) in the fermentation broth. Sodium butyrate also altered volatile fatty acids profile of the fermentation broth by decreasing the production of isovalerate (P < 0.05) and increasing those of acetate, butyrate, and isobutyrate (P < 0.05). The MiSeq System Sequencing results showed that sodium butyrate increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium (P < 0.05) and decreased the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio, Helicobacter, and Campylobacter (P < 0.05).Our results concluded that sodium butyrate changes the diversity and relative abundance of the microbes which altered the fermentation characteristics leading to reduction in ammonia production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anping Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Di Liao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yinbao Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Boo Liang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, University of Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Study of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano, 70010, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Study of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano, 70010, Bari, Italy.
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49
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Xu W, Wu Q, Liu X, Tang A, Dore AJ, Heal MR. Characteristics of ammonia, acid gases, and PM2.5 for three typical land-use types in the North China Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1158-72. [PMID: 26507724 PMCID: PMC4713460 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems in China due to its rapid economic development alongside a very large consumption of fossil fuel, particularly in the North China Plain (NCP). During the period 2011-2014, we integrated active and passive sampling methods to perform continuous measurements of NH3, HNO3, NO2, and PM2.5 at two urban, one suburban, and two rural sites in the NCP. The annual average concentrations of NH3, NO2, and HNO3 across the five sites were in the ranges 8.5-23.0, 22.2-50.5, and 5.5-9.7 μg m(-3), respectively, showing no significant spatial differences for NH3 and HNO3 but significantly higher NO2 concentration at the urban sites. At each site, annual average concentrations of NH3 and NO2 showed increasing and decreasing trends, respectively, while there was no obvious trend in annual HNO3 concentrations. Daily PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 11.8 to 621.0 μg m(-3) at the urban site, from 19.8 to 692.9 μg m(-3) at the suburban site, and from 23.9 to 754.5 μg m(-3) at the two rural sites, with more than 70% of sampling days exceeding 75 μg m(-3). Concentrations of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 ranked differently between the non-rural and rural sites. The three dominant ions were NH4(+), NO3(-), and SO4(2-) and mainly existed as (NH4)2SO4, NH4HSO4, and NH4NO3, and their concentrations averaged 48.6 ± 44.9, 41.2 ± 40.8, and 49.6 ± 35.9 μg m(-3) at the urban, suburban, and rural sites, respectively. Ion balance calculations indicated that PM2.5 was neutral at the non-rural sites but acidic at the rural sites. Seasonal variations of the gases and aerosols exhibited different patterns, depending on source emission strength and meteorological conditions. Our results suggest that a feasible pathway to control PM2.5 pollution in the NCP should target ammonia and acid gases together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Aohan Tang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Anthony J Dore
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Mathew R Heal
- School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
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Spatial and decadal variations in inorganic nitrogen wet deposition in China induced by human activity. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3763. [PMID: 24441731 PMCID: PMC3895902 DOI: 10.1038/srep03763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, an important component in the global N cycle, has increased sharply in recent decades in China. Here, we constructed national-scale inorganic N wet deposition (Ndep) patterns in China based on data from 280 observational sites and analysed the effects of anthropogenic sources and precipitation on Ndep. Our results showed that the mean Ndep over China increased approximately 25%, from 11.11 kg ha−1 a−1 in the 1990s to 13.87 in the 2000s. Ndep was highest over southern China and exhibited a decreasing gradient from southern to western and northern China. The decadal difference in Ndep between the 1990s and 2000s was primarily caused by increases in energy consumption and N fertiliser use. Our findings conformed that anthropogenic activities were the main reason for the Ndep increase and provide a scientific background for studies on ecological effects of N deposition in China.
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