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Amorim Sacramento L, Farias Amorim C, G. Lombana C, Beiting D, Novais F, P. Carvalho L, M. Carvalho E, Scott P. CCR5 promotes the migration of pathological CD8+ T cells to the leishmanial lesions. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012211. [PMID: 38709823 PMCID: PMC11098486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytolytic CD8+ T cells mediate immunopathology in cutaneous leishmaniasis without controlling parasites. Here, we identify factors involved in CD8+ T cell migration to the lesion that could be targeted to ameliorate disease severity. CCR5 was the most highly expressed chemokine receptor in patient lesions, and the high expression of CCL3 and CCL4, CCR5 ligands, was associated with delayed healing of lesions. To test the requirement for CCR5, Leishmania-infected Rag1-/- mice were reconstituted with CCR5-/- CD8+ T cells. We found that these mice developed smaller lesions accompanied by a reduction in CD8+ T cell numbers compared to controls. We confirmed these findings by showing that the inhibition of CCR5 with maraviroc, a selective inhibitor of CCR5, reduced lesion development without affecting the parasite burden. Together, these results reveal that CD8+ T cells migrate to leishmanial lesions in a CCR5-dependent manner and that blocking CCR5 prevents CD8+ T cell-mediated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Amorim Sacramento
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Camila Farias Amorim
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Claudia G. Lombana
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Daniel Beiting
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Fernanda Novais
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lucas P. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas do Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Muniz–Fiocruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Immunology Service, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital Complex, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Edgar M. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas do Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Muniz–Fiocruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Immunology Service, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital Complex, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Phillip Scott
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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2
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Canderan G, Muehling LM, Kadl A, Ladd S, Bonham C, Cross CE, Lima SM, Yin X, Sturek JM, Wilson JM, Keshavarz B, Bryant N, Murphy DD, Cheon IS, McNamara CA, Sun J, Utz PJ, Dolatshahi S, Irish JM, Woodfolk JA. Distinct Type 1 Immune Networks Underlie the Severity of Restrictive Lung Disease after COVID-19. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.03.587929. [PMID: 38617217 PMCID: PMC11014603 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.587929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The variable etiology of persistent breathlessness after COVID-19 have confounded efforts to decipher the immunopathology of lung sequelae. Here, we analyzed hundreds of cellular and molecular features in the context of discrete pulmonary phenotypes to define the systemic immune landscape of post-COVID lung disease. Cluster analysis of lung physiology measures highlighted two phenotypes of restrictive lung disease that differed by their impaired diffusion and severity of fibrosis. Machine learning revealed marked CCR5+CD95+ CD8+ T-cell perturbations in mild-to-moderate lung disease, but attenuated T-cell responses hallmarked by elevated CXCL13 in more severe disease. Distinct sets of cells, mediators, and autoantibodies distinguished each restrictive phenotype, and differed from those of patients without significant lung involvement. These differences were reflected in divergent T-cell-based type 1 networks according to severity of lung disease. Our findings, which provide an immunological basis for active lung injury versus advanced disease after COVID-19, might offer new targets for treatment.
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3
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Galeota E, Bevilacqua V, Gobbini A, Gruarin P, Bombaci M, Pesce E, Favalli A, Lombardi A, Vincenti F, Ongaro J, Fabbris T, Curti S, Martinovic M, Toccafondi M, Lorenzo M, Critelli A, Clemente F, Crosti M, Sarnicola ML, Martinelli M, La Sala L, Espadas A, Donnici L, Borghi MO, De Feo T, De Francesco R, Prati D, Meroni PL, Notarbartolo S, Geginat J, Gori A, Bandera A, Abrignani S, Grifantini R. Tracking the immune response profiles elicited by the BNT162b2 vaccine in COVID-19 unexperienced and experienced individuals. Clin Immunol 2024; 261:110164. [PMID: 38417765 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Multiple vaccines have been approved to control COVID-19 pandemic, with Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b2) being widely used. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of the immune response elicited after three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in individuals who have previously experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection and in unexperienced ones. We conducted immunological analyses and single-cell transcriptomics of circulating T and B lymphocytes, combined to CITE-seq or LIBRA-seq, and VDJ-seq. We found that antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 Spike, NTD and RBD from wild-type, delta and omicron VoCs show comparable dynamics in both vaccination groups, with a peak after the second dose, a decline after six months and a restoration after the booster dose. The antibody neutralization activity was maintained, with lower titers against the omicron variant. Spike-specific memory B cell response was sustained over the vaccination schedule. Clonal analysis revealed that Spike-specific B cells were polyclonal, with a partial clone conservation from natural infection to vaccination. Spike-specific T cell responses were oriented towards effector and effector memory phenotypes, with similar trends in unexperienced and experienced individuals. The CD8 T cell compartment showed a higher clonal expansion and persistence than CD4 T cells. The first two vaccinations doses tended to induce new clones rather than promoting expansion of pre-existing clones. However, we identified a fraction of Spike-specific CD8 T cell clones persisting from natural infection that were boosted by vaccination and clones specifically induced by vaccination. Collectively, our observations revealed a moderate effect of the second dose in enhancing the immune responses elicited after the first vaccination. Differently, we found that a third dose was necessary to restore comparable levels of neutralizing antibodies and Spike-specific T and B cell responses in individuals who experienced a natural SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Galeota
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Bevilacqua
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gobbini
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Gruarin
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Bombaci
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Pesce
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Favalli
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; Ph.D. Program in Translational and Molecular Medicine, Dottorato in Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale (DIMET), University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Lombardi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy; Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, Milan 20122, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Francesca Vincenti
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Ongaro
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Tanya Fabbris
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Curti
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Martinovic
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Mirco Toccafondi
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Lorenzo
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Angelica Critelli
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Clemente
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Crosti
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Sarnicola
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Alejandro Espadas
- Laboratory of Transplant Immunology - North Italy Transplant program (NITp) - Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy
| | - Lorena Donnici
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Orietta Borghi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Tullia De Feo
- Laboratory of Transplant Immunology - North Italy Transplant program (NITp) - Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Francesco
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Prati
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Meroni
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Samuele Notarbartolo
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Jens Geginat
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, Milan 20122, Italy; Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale "Luigi Sacco", Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bandera
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy; Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, Milan 20122, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Renata Grifantini
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; CheckmAb Srl, Milan, Italy.
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4
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Kumar A. CB-0821, a novel CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) inhibitor with improved binding efficacy proposed as anti-HIV candidate: Computational and in vitro approach. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024. [PMID: 38556770 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) serves a pivotal role in human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection by acting as a co-receptor and facilitating the binding of the viral envelope glycoprotein (env). Maraviroc (MVC), a Food and Drug Administration-approved monocarboxylic acid amide, is one of the CCR5 inhibitors employed in HIV treatment. Despite the existence of approved drugs, the emergence of drug resistance underscores the necessity for novel compounds to combat resistance and enhance therapeutic efficacy. In this study, CB-0821, identified from the ChemBridge library, emerged as a promising CCR5 inhibitor. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate comparable dynamic properties for CB-0821 and MVC. In silico comparisons with other CCR5 inhibitors emphasize CB-0821's superior binding affinity, positioning it as a potential lead compound. Evaluations of the dissociation constant (Ki) and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion predictions suggest CB-0821 as a well-tolerated drug. Furthermore, the dose-dependent inhibition of CCR5 by CB-0821 in Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (ranging from 10 to 200 nM) demonstrates efficacy, coupled with nontoxicity to Vero cells at concentrations up to 500 nM. These results underscore the potential of CB-0821 in HIV antiviral therapy, calling for additional preclinical validations before advancing to clinical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Department of Microbiology & Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Lobby JL, Danzy S, Holmes KE, Lowen AC, Kohlmeier JE. Both Humoral and Cellular Immunity Limit the Ability of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines to Promote T Cell Responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:107-116. [PMID: 37982700 PMCID: PMC10842048 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
One potential advantage of live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) is their ability to establish both virus-specific Ab and tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) in the respiratory mucosa. However, it is hypothesized that pre-existing immunity from past infections and/or immunizations prevents LAIV from boosting or generating de novo CD8+ T cell responses. To determine whether we can overcome this limitation, we generated a series of drifted influenza A/PR8 LAIVs with successive mutations in the hemagglutinin protein, allowing for increasing levels of escape from pre-existing Ab. We also inserted a CD8+ T cell epitope from the Sendai virus nucleoprotein (NP) to assess both generation of a de novo T cell response and boosting of pre-existing influenza-specific CD8+ T cells following LAIV immunization. Increasing the level of escape from Ab enabled boosting of pre-existing TRM, but we were unable to generate de novo Sendai virus NP+ CD8+ TRM following LAIV immunization in PR8 influenza-immune mice, even with LAIV strains that can fully escape pre-existing Ab. As these data suggested a role for cell-mediated immunity in limiting LAIV efficacy, we investigated several scenarios to assess the impact of pre-existing LAIV-specific TRM in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Ultimately, we found that deletion of the immunodominant influenza NP366-374 epitope allowed for sufficient escape from cellular immunity to establish de novo CD8+ TRM. When combined, these studies demonstrate that both pre-existing humoral and cellular immunity can limit the effectiveness of LAIV, which is an important consideration for future design of vaccine vectors against respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L. Lobby
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA
| | - Shamika Danzy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA
| | - Katie E. Holmes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA
| | - Anice C. Lowen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA
| | - Jacob E. Kohlmeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA
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6
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Garg A, Lim JK. A Pocket Guide to CCR5-Neurotropic Flavivirus Edition. Viruses 2023; 16:28. [PMID: 38257729 PMCID: PMC10820758 DOI: 10.3390/v16010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
CCR5 is among the most studied chemokine receptors due to its profound significance in human health and disease. The notion that CCR5 is a functionally redundant receptor was challenged through the demonstration of its unique protective role in the context of West Nile virus in both mice and humans. In the nearly two decades since this initial discovery, numerous studies have investigated the role of CCR5 in the context of other medically important neurotropic flaviviruses, most of which appear to support a broad neuroprotective role for this receptor, although how CCR5 exerts its protective effect has been remarkably varied. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which CCR5 controls neurotropic flaviviruses, as well as results from human studies evaluating a genetic link to CCR5, and propose unexplored areas of research that are needed to unveil even more exciting roles for this important receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean K. Lim
- Department of Microbiology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, USA;
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7
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Yadav N, Parthiban C, Billman ZP, Stone BC, Watson FN, Zhou K, Olsen TM, Cruz Talavera I, Seilie AM, Kalata AC, Matsubara J, Shears MJ, Reynolds RA, Murphy SC. More time to kill: A longer liver stage increases T cell-mediated protection against pre-erythrocytic malaria. iScience 2023; 26:108489. [PMID: 38162031 PMCID: PMC10755051 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver stage (LS) Plasmodia mature in 2-2.5 days in rodents compared to 5-6 days in humans. Plasmodium-specific CD8+ T cell expansion differs across these varied timespans. To mimic the kinetics of CD8+ T cells of human Plasmodium infection, a two-dose challenge mouse model that achieved 4-5 days of LS antigen exposure was developed. In this model, mice were inoculated with a non-protective, low dose of late-arresting, genetically attenuated sporozoites to initiate T cell activation and then re-inoculated 2-3 days later with wild-type sporozoites. Vaccines that partially protected against traditional challenge completely protected against two-dose challenge. During the challenge period, CD8+ T cell frequencies increased in the livers of two-dose challenged mice but not in traditionally challenged mice, further suggesting that this model better recapitulates kinetics of CD8+ T cell expansion in humans during the P. falciparum LS. Vaccine development and antigen discovery efforts may be aided by using the two-dose challenge strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Yadav
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chaitra Parthiban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zachary P. Billman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brad C. Stone
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Felicia N. Watson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tayla M. Olsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Irene Cruz Talavera
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Annette Mariko Seilie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anya C. Kalata
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jokichi Matsubara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Melanie J. Shears
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rebekah A. Reynolds
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sean C. Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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8
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Wang Z, He Y, Wang W, Tian Y, Ge C, Jia F, Zhang T, Zhang G, Wang M, Gong J, Huang H, Wang J, Shi C, Yang W, Cao X, Zeng Y, Wang N, Qian A, Jiang Y, Yang G, Wang C. A novel "prime and pull" strategy mediated by the combination of two dendritic cell-targeting designs induced protective lung tissue-resident memory T cells against H1N1 influenza virus challenge. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:479. [PMID: 38093320 PMCID: PMC10717309 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is still the most promising strategy for combating influenza virus pandemics. However, the highly variable characteristics of influenza virus make it difficult to develop antibody-based universal vaccines, until now. Lung tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM), which actively survey tissues for signs of infection and react rapidly to eliminate infected cells without the need for a systemic immune reaction, have recently drawn increasing attention towards the development of a universal influenza vaccine. We previously designed a sequential immunization strategy based on orally administered Salmonella vectored vaccine candidates. To further improve our vaccine design, in this study, we used two different dendritic cell (DC)-targeting strategies, including a single chain variable fragment (scFv) targeting the surface marker DC-CD11c and DC targeting peptide 3 (DCpep3). Oral immunization with Salmonella harboring plasmid pYL230 (S230), which displayed scFv-CD11c on the bacterial surface, induced dramatic production of spleen effector memory T cells (TEM). On the other hand, intranasal boost immunization using purified DCpep3-decorated 3M2e-ferritin nanoparticles in mice orally immunized twice with S230 (S230inDC) significantly stimulated the differentiation of lung CD11b+ DCs, increased intracellular IL-17 production in lung CD4+ T cells and elevated chemokine production in lung sections, such as CXCL13 and CXCL15, as determined by RNAseq and qRT‒PCR assays, resulting in significantly increased percentages of lung TRMs, which could provide efficient protection against influenza virus challenge. The dual DC targeting strategy, together with the sequential immunization approach described in this study, provides us with a novel "prime and pull" strategy for addressing the production of protective TRM cells in vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhannan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yingkai He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wenfeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yawen Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chongbo Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Futing Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Tongyu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Gerui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jinshuo Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Haibin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chunwei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wentao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xin Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Aidong Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yanlong Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Guilian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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9
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Grassmann S, Santosa EK, Mujal AM, Kim H, Fan SX, Owyong M, Lau CM, Sun JC. Early antigen receptor signaling in natural killer cells alters STAT4-dependent fate decisions via epigenetic remodeling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.07.565992. [PMID: 37986752 PMCID: PMC10659287 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.565992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate cytotoxic lymphocytes that possess features of adaptive immunity, including antigen specificity and clonal expansion. NK cells rapidly respond to cytokines released during the innate phase of viral infection and are thought to migrate from circulation into infected organs to execute their early effector functions. However, recent evidence suggests that tissue-resident NK cells are among the first responders to viral infection. In this study, we observe that antigen receptor signaling precedes substantial proinflammatory cytokine signaling in a population of NK cells during mouse cytomegalovirus infection. Early antigen receptor signals epigenetically prime NK cells for optimal expansion during the later adaptive phase of the antiviral response. Mechanistically, receptor signaling increases chromatin accessibility at STAT4-binding genomic sites within differentiating NK cells. To promote adaptive programming of NK cells during infection, activating receptor-dependent epigenetic remodeling antagonizes IL-12 driven terminal maturation, poises NK cells for proliferation via sustained CDK6 expression, and antagonizes early apoptosis of short-lived effector cells via suppression of Bim. Thus, antigen receptor signaling alters an IL-12 dependent fate decision during the innate-to-adaptive transition of antiviral NK cells.
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10
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Sacramento LA, Amorim CF, Lombana CG, Beiting D, Novais F, Carvalho LP, Carvalho EM, Scott P. CCR5 promotes the migration of CD8 + T cells to the leishmanial lesions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.10.561700. [PMID: 37873253 PMCID: PMC10592772 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.10.561700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Cytolytic CD8+ T cells mediate immunopathology in cutaneous leishmaniasis without controlling parasites. Here, we identify factors involved in CD8+ T cell migration to the lesion that could be targeted to ameliorate disease severity. CCR5 was the most highly expressed chemokine receptor in patient lesions, and the high expression of CCL3 and CCL4, CCR5 ligands, was associated with delayed healing of lesions. To test the requirement for CCR5, Leishmania-infected Rag1-/- mice were reconstituted with CCR5-/- CD8+ T cells. We found that these mice developed smaller lesions accompanied by a reduction in CD8+ T cell numbers compared to controls. We confirmed these findings by showing that the inhibition of CCR5 with maraviroc, a selective inhibitor of CCR5, reduced lesion development without affecting the parasite burden. Together, these results reveal that CD8+ T cells migrate to leishmanial lesions in a CCR5-dependent manner and that blocking CCR5 prevents CD8+ T cell-mediated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Amorim Sacramento
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104-4539, USA
| | - Camila Farias Amorim
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104-4539, USA
| | - Claudia G. Lombana
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104-4539, USA
| | - Daniel Beiting
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104-4539, USA
| | - Fernanda Novais
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lucas P. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas (LAPEC), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas do Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Muniz – Fiocruz, Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
- Immunology Service, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital Complex, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-060, Brazil
| | - Edgar M. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas (LAPEC), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas do Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Muniz – Fiocruz, Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
- Immunology Service, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital Complex, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-060, Brazil
| | - Phillip Scott
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104-4539, USA
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11
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Damei I, Trickovic T, Mami-Chouaib F, Corgnac S. Tumor-resident memory T cells as a biomarker of the response to cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1205984. [PMID: 37545498 PMCID: PMC10399960 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) often include a substantial subset of CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells enriched in tumor-specific T cells. These TRM cells play a major role in antitumor immune response. They are identified on the basis of their expression of the CD103 (αE(CD103)β7) and/or CD49a (α1(CD49a)β1) integrins, and the C-type lectin CD69, which are involved in tissue residency. TRM cells express several T-cell inhibitory receptors on their surface but they nevertheless react strongly to malignant cells, exerting a strong cytotoxic function, particularly in the context of blocking interactions of PD-1 with PD-L1 on target cells. These TRM cells form stable conjugates with autologous tumor cells and interact with dendritic cells and other T cells within the tumor microenvironment to orchestrate an optimal in situ T-cell response. There is growing evidence to indicate that TGF-β is essential for the formation and maintenance of TRM cells in the tumor, through the induction of CD103 expression on activated CD8+ T cells, and for the regulation of TRM effector functions through bidirectional integrin signaling. CD8+ TRM cells were initially described as a prognostic marker for survival in patients with various types of cancer, including ovarian, lung and breast cancers and melanoma. More recently, these tumor-resident CD8+ T cells have been shown to be a potent predictive biomarker of the response of cancer patients to immunotherapies, including therapeutic cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint blockade. In this review, we will highlight the major characteristics of tumor TRM cell populations and the possibilities for their exploitation in the design of more effective immunotherapy strategies for cancer.
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12
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Jia J, Li H, Huang Z, Yu J, Zheng Y, Cao B. Comprehensive immune landscape of lung-resident memory CD8 + T cells after influenza infection and reinfection in a mouse model. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1184884. [PMID: 37415817 PMCID: PMC10320391 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1184884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resident phenotypic memory CD8+ T cells are crucial for immune defense against pathogens. However, little is known about the potential transitions and regulation mechanisms of their function after influenza virus infection and reinfection. In this study, we utilized integrated transcriptome data and in vivo experiments to investigate the key characteristics behind it. Methods Two single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets of lung CD8+ T cells and one RNA-seq dataset of lung tissue after infection or reinfection were included. After Seurat procedures classifying CD8+ T subsets, the scCODE algorithm was used to identify the differentially expressed genes for GSVA, GO, and KEGG pathway enrichment. Monocle 3 and CellChat were used to infer pseudotime cell trajectory and cell interactions. The ssGSEA method was used to estimate the relative proportions of immune cells. The findings were confirmed with a mouse model via flow cytometry and RT-PCR analysis. Results Our study refined the landscape of CD8+ T-cell subsets in the lung, showing that CD8+ Trm cells accumulated in the lung within 14 days after influenza infection. The classical CD8+ Trm cells co-expressed a high level of CD49a and even maintained 90 days after primary infection. The ratio of CD8+ Trm cells decreased 1 day after influenza reinfection, which may be parallel with their potential transition into effector types, as observed in trajectory inference analysis. KEGG analysis suggested that PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway were upregulated in CD8+ Trm cells on day 14 after infection. GO and GSVA analyses revealed that PI3K-Akt-mTOR and type I interferon signaling pathways were enriched in CD8+ Tem and Trm cells after reinfection. Additionally, CCL signaling pathways were involved in cell interaction between CD8+ Trm cells and other cells, with Ccl4-Ccr5 and Ccl5-Ccr5 ligand/receptor pairs being important between CD8+ Trm and other memory subsets after infection and reinfection. Conclusion Our data suggest that resident memory CD8+ T cells with CD49a co-expression account for a large proportion after influenza infection, and they can be rapidly reactivated against reinfection. Function differences exist in CD8+ Trm and Tem cells after influenza infection and reinfection. Ccl5-Ccr5 ligand/receptor pair is important in cell interactions between CD8+ Trm and other subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Jia
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhisheng Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiapei Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Clinical Center for Pulmonary Infections, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Clinical Center for Pulmonary Infections, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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13
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Wang D, Porter CE, Lim B, Rosewell Shaw A, Robertson CS, Woods ML, Xu Y, Biegert GG, Morita D, Wang T, Grilley BJ, Heslop H, Brenner MK, Suzuki M. Ultralow-dose binary oncolytic/helper-dependent adenovirus promotes antitumor activity in preclinical and clinical studies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade6790. [PMID: 36989357 PMCID: PMC10058234 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade6790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We show that a binary oncolytic/helper-dependent adenovirus (CAdVEC) that both lyses tumor cells and locally expresses the proinflammatory cytokine IL-12 and PD-L1 blocking antibody has potent antitumor activity in humanized mouse models. On the basis of these preclinical studies, we treated four patients with a single intratumoral injection of an ultralow dose of CAdVEC (NCT03740256), representing a dose of oncolytic adenovirus more than 100-fold lower than used in previous trials. While CAdVEC caused no significant toxicities, it repolarized the tumor microenvironment with increased infiltration of CD8 T cells. A single administration of CAdVEC was associated with both locoregional and abscopal effects on metastases and, in combination with systemic administration of immune checkpoint antibodies, induced sustained antitumor responses, including one complete and two partial responses. Hence, in both preclinical and clinical studies, CAdVEC is safe and even at extremely low doses is sufficiently potent to induce significant tumor control through oncolysis and immune repolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wang
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caroline E. Porter
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bora Lim
- Duncan Cancer Center-Breast, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amanda Rosewell Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Catherine S. Robertson
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mae L. Woods
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ya Xu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Greyson G.W. Biegert
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daisuke Morita
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bambi J. Grilley
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Helen Heslop
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Malcolm K. Brenner
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Masataka Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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14
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Liechti T, Iftikhar Y, Mangino M, Beddall M, Goss CW, O’Halloran JA, Mudd PA, Roederer M. Immune phenotypes that are associated with subsequent COVID-19 severity inferred from post-recovery samples. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7255. [PMID: 36433939 PMCID: PMC9700777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 causes profound immune perturbations, but pre-infection immune signatures contributing to severe COVID-19 remain unknown. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified strong associations between severe disease and several chemokine receptors and molecules from the type I interferon pathway. Here, we define immune signatures associated with severe COVID-19 using high-dimensional flow cytometry. We measure the cells of the peripheral immune system from individuals who recovered from mild, moderate, severe or critical COVID-19 and focused only on those immune signatures returning to steady-state. Individuals that suffered from severe COVID-19 show reduced frequencies of T cell, mucosal-associated invariant T cell (MAIT) and dendritic cell (DC) subsets and altered chemokine receptor expression on several subsets, such as reduced levels of CCR1 and CCR2 on monocyte subsets. Furthermore, we find reduced frequencies of type I interferon-producing plasmacytoid DCs and altered IFNAR2 expression on several myeloid cells in individuals recovered from severe COVID-19. Thus, these data identify potential immune mechanisms contributing to severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liechti
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Maryland, 20892 USA
| | - Yaser Iftikhar
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Maryland, 20892 USA
| | - Massimo Mangino
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College of London, London, UK ,grid.420545.20000 0004 0489 3985NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT UK
| | - Margaret Beddall
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Maryland, 20892 USA
| | - Charles W. Goss
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Jane A. O’Halloran
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Philip A. Mudd
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Maryland, 20892 USA
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15
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Rhinovirus Infection and Virus-Induced Asthma. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122616. [PMID: 36560620 PMCID: PMC9781665 DOI: 10.3390/v14122616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While the aetiology of asthma is unclear, the onset and/or exacerbation of asthma may be associated with respiratory infections. Virus-induced asthma is also known as virus-associated/triggered asthma, and the reported main causative agent is rhinovirus (RV). Understanding the relationship between viral infections and asthma may overcome the gaps in deferential immunity between viral infections and allergies. Moreover, understanding the complicated cytokine networks involved in RV infection may be necessary. Therefore, the complexity of RV-induced asthma is not only owing to the response of airway and immune cells against viral infection, but also to allergic immune responses caused by the wide variety of cytokines produced by these cells. To better understand RV-induced asthma, it is necessary to elucidate the nature RV infections and the corresponding host defence mechanisms. In this review, we attempt to organise the complexity of RV-induced asthma to make it easily understandable for readers.
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Wang L, Cao Z, Wang Z, Guo J, Wen J. Reactive oxygen species associated immunoregulation post influenza virus infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:927593. [PMID: 35967412 PMCID: PMC9373727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.927593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An appropriate level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is necessary for cell proliferation, signaling transduction, and apoptosis due to their highly reactive character. ROS are generated through multiple metabolic pathways under a fine-tuned control between oxidant and antioxidant signaling. A growing number of evidence has proved their highly relevant role in modulating inflammation during influenza virus infection. As a network of biological process for protecting organism from invasion of pathogens, immune system can react and fight back through either innate immune system or adaptive immune system, or both. Herein, we provide a review about the mechanisms of ROS generation when encounter influenza virus infection, and how the imbalanced level of ROS influences the replication of virus. We also summarize the pathways used by both the innate and adaptive immune system to sense and attack the invaded virus and abnormal levels of ROS. We further review the limitation of current strategies and discuss the direction of future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States,UCLA Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Institute, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jimin Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States,UCLA Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Institute, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States,UCLA Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Institute, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Jing Wen,
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17
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Mandal S, Sunagawa SW, Prathipati PK, Belshan M, Shibata A, Destache CJ. Targeted Immuno-Antiretroviral to Promote Dual Protection against HIV: A Proof-of-Concept Study. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111942. [PMID: 35683795 PMCID: PMC9183115 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The C-C motif chemokine receptor-5 (CCR5) expression on the T-cell surface is the prime barrier to HIV/AIDS eradication, as it promotes both active human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection and latency; however, antiretrovirals (ARVs) suppress plasma viral loads to non-detectable levels. Keeping this in mind, we strategically designed a targeted ARVs-loaded nanoformulation that targets CCR5 expressing T-cells (e.g., CD4+ cells). Conceptually, CCR5-blocking and targeted ARV delivery would be a dual protection strategy to prevent HIV infection. For targeting CCR5+ T-cells, the nanoformulation was surface conjugated with anti-CCR5 monoclonal antibodies (CCR5 mAb) and loaded with dolutegravir+tenofovir alafenamide (D+T) ARVs to block HIV replication. The result demonstrated that the targeted-ARV nanoparticle’s multimeric CCR5 binding property improved its antigen-binding affinity, prolonged receptor binding, and ARV intracellular retention. Further, nanoformulation demonstrated high binding affinity to CCR5 expressing CD4+ cells, monocytes, and other CCR5+ T-cells. Finally, the short-term pre-exposure prophylaxis study demonstrated that prolonged CCR5 blockage and ARV presence further induced a “protective immune phenotype” with a boosted T-helper (Th), temporary memory (TM), and effector (E) sub-population. The proof-of-concept study that the targeted-ARV nanoformulation dual-action mechanism could provide a multifactorial solution toward achieving HIV “functional cure”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhra Mandal
- School of Pharmacy & Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (S.W.S.); (P.K.P.); (C.J.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-472-5922
| | - Shawnalyn W. Sunagawa
- School of Pharmacy & Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (S.W.S.); (P.K.P.); (C.J.D.)
| | - Pavan Kumar Prathipati
- School of Pharmacy & Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (S.W.S.); (P.K.P.); (C.J.D.)
| | - Michael Belshan
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA;
| | - Annemarie Shibata
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA;
| | - Christopher J. Destache
- School of Pharmacy & Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (S.W.S.); (P.K.P.); (C.J.D.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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18
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Ripamonti C, Spadotto V, Pozzi P, Stevenazzi A, Vergani B, Marchini M, Sandrone G, Bonetti E, Mazzarella L, Minucci S, Steinkühler C, Fossati G. HDAC Inhibition as Potential Therapeutic Strategy to Restore the Deregulated Immune Response in Severe COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841716. [PMID: 35592335 PMCID: PMC9111747 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact worldwide and has been a great challenge for the scientific community. Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are now efficiently lessening COVID-19 mortality, although finding a cure for this infection is still a priority. An unbalanced immune response and the uncontrolled release of proinflammatory cytokines are features of COVID-19 pathophysiology and contribute to disease progression and worsening. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have gained interest in immunology, as they regulate the innate and adaptative immune response at different levels. Inhibitors of these enzymes have already proven therapeutic potential in cancer and are currently being investigated for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. We thus tested the effects of different HDAC inhibitors, with a focus on a selective HDAC6 inhibitor, on immune and epithelial cells in in vitro models that mimic cells activation after viral infection. Our data indicate that HDAC inhibitors reduce cytokines release by airway epithelial cells, monocytes and macrophages. This anti-inflammatory effect occurs together with the reduction of monocytes activation and T cell exhaustion and with an increase of T cell differentiation towards a T central memory phenotype. Moreover, HDAC inhibitors hinder IFN-I expression and downstream effects in both airway epithelial cells and immune cells, thus potentially counteracting the negative effects promoted in critical COVID-19 patients by the late or persistent IFN-I pathway activation. All these data suggest that an epigenetic therapeutic approach based on HDAC inhibitors represents a promising pharmacological treatment for severe COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ripamonti
- New Drug Incubator Department, Italfarmaco Group, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Valeria Spadotto
- New Drug Incubator Department, Italfarmaco Group, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Pietro Pozzi
- New Drug Incubator Department, Italfarmaco Group, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Andrea Stevenazzi
- New Drug Incubator Department, Italfarmaco Group, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Barbara Vergani
- New Drug Incubator Department, Italfarmaco Group, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Mattia Marchini
- New Drug Incubator Department, Italfarmaco Group, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sandrone
- New Drug Incubator Department, Italfarmaco Group, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bonetti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Mazzarella
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Fossati
- New Drug Incubator Department, Italfarmaco Group, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
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19
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Christian A. Addressing Conflicts of Interest and Conflicts of Commitment in Public Advocacy and Policy Making on CRISPR/Cas-Based Human Genome Editing. Front Res Metr Anal 2022; 7:775336. [PMID: 35572153 PMCID: PMC9094628 DOI: 10.3389/frma.2022.775336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leading experts on CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing—such as 2020 Nobel laureates Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier—are not only renowned specialists in their fields, but also public advocates for upcoming regulatory frameworks on CRISPR/Cas. These frameworks will affect large portions of biomedical research on human genome editing. In advocating for particular ways of handling the risks and prospects of this technology, high-profile scientists not only serve as scientific experts, but also as moral advisers. The majority of them currently intend to bring about a “responsible pathway” toward human genome interventions in clinical therapy. Engaging in advocacy for such a pathway, they issue moral judgments on the risks and benefits of this new technology. They declare that there actually is a responsible pathway, they draft resolutions on temporary moratoria, they make judgments on which groups and individuals are credible and should participate in public and semi-public debates, so they also set the standards for deciding who counts as well-informed, as well as the standards of evidence for adopting or rejecting research policies. This degree of influence on public debates and policy making is, at the very least, noteworthy. This contribution sounds a note of caution with regard to the endeavor of a responsible pathway to human genome editing and in particular scrutinizes the legitimacy of expert-driven research policies given commercial conflicts of interest and conflicts of commitment among first-rank scholars.
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20
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Becker S, Reddehase MJ, Lemmermann NA. Mast Cells Meet Cytomegalovirus: A New Example of Protective Mast Cell Involvement in an Infectious Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091402. [PMID: 35563708 PMCID: PMC9101682 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) belong to the β-subfamily of herpesviruses. Their host-to-host transmission involves the airways. As primary infection of an immunocompetent host causes only mild feverish symptoms, human CMV (hCMV) is usually not considered in routine differential diagnostics of common airway infections. Medical relevance results from unrestricted tissue infection in an immunocompromised host. One risk group of concern are patients who receive hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for immune reconstitution following hematoablative therapy of hematopoietic malignancies. In HCT patients, interstitial pneumonia is a frequent cause of death from hCMV strains that have developed resistance against antiviral drugs. Prevention of CMV pneumonia requires efficient reconstitution of antiviral CD8 T cells that infiltrate lung tissue. A role for mast cells (MC) in the immune control of lung infection by a CMV was discovered only recently in a mouse model. MC were shown to be susceptible for productive infection and to secrete the chemokine CCL-5, which recruits antiviral CD8 T cells to the lungs and thereby improves the immune control of pulmonary infection. Here, we review recent data on the mechanism of MC-CMV interaction, a field of science that is new for CMV virologists as well as for immunologists who have specialized in MC.
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21
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Oja AE, van Lier RAW, Hombrink P. Two sides of the same coin: Protective versus pathogenic CD4 + resident memory T cells. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabf9393. [PMID: 35394815 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abf9393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the adaptive immune system to form memory is key to providing protection against secondary infections. Resident memory T cells (TRM) are specialized T cell populations that reside within tissue sites where they await reencounter with their cognate antigen. TRM are distinct from circulating memory cells, including central and effector memory T cells, both functionally and transcriptionally. Since the discovery of TRM, most research has focused on CD8+ TRM, despite that CD4+ TRM are also abundant in most tissues. In the past few years, more evidence has emerged that CD4+ TRM can contribute both protective and pathogenic roles in disease. A complexity inherent to the CD4+ TRM field is the ability of CD4+ T cells to polarize into a multitude of distinct subsets and recognize not only viruses and intracellular bacteria but also extracellular bacteria, fungi, and parasites. In this review, we outline the key features of CD4+ TRM in health and disease, including their contributions to protection against SARS-CoV-2 and potential contributions to immunopathology associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Oja
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - René A W van Lier
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pleun Hombrink
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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22
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Brownlie D, Rødahl I, Varnaite R, Asgeirsson H, Glans H, Falck-Jones S, Vangeti S, Buggert M, Ljunggren HG, Michaëlsson J, Gredmark-Russ S, Smed-Sörensen A, Marquardt N. Comparison of Lung-Homing Receptor Expression and Activation Profiles on NK Cell and T Cell Subsets in COVID-19 and Influenza. Front Immunol 2022; 13:834862. [PMID: 35371005 PMCID: PMC8966396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.834862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses commonly induce a strong infiltration of immune cells into the human lung, with potential detrimental effects on the integrity of the lung tissue. Despite comprising the largest fractions of circulating lymphocytes in the lung, rather little is known about how peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cell and T cell subsets are equipped for lung-homing in COVID-19 and influenza. Here, we provide a detailed comparative analysis of NK cells and T cells in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 or influenza virus, focusing on the protein and gene expression of chemokine receptors known to be involved in recruitment to the lung. For this, we used 28-colour flow cytometry as well as re-analysis of a publicly available single-cell RNA-seq dataset from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Frequencies of NK cells and T cells expressing CXCR3, CXCR6, and CCR5 were altered in peripheral blood of COVID-19 and influenza patients, in line with increased transcript expression of CXCR3, CXCR6, and CCR5 and their respective ligands in BAL fluid. NK cells and T cells expressing lung-homing receptors displayed stronger phenotypic signs of activation compared to cells lacking lung-homing receptors, and activation was overall stronger in influenza compared to COVID-19. Together, our results indicate a role for CXCR3+, CXCR6+, and/or CCR5+ NK cells and T cells that potentially migrate to the lungs in moderate COVID-19 and influenza patients, identifying common targets for future therapeutic interventions in respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demi Brownlie
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inga Rødahl
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Renata Varnaite
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hilmir Asgeirsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Glans
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Falck-Jones
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sindhu Vangeti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob Michaëlsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Gredmark-Russ
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Smed-Sörensen
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicole Marquardt
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Jasinska AJ, Pandrea I, Apetrei C. CCR5 as a Coreceptor for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses: A Prototypic Love-Hate Affair. Front Immunol 2022; 13:835994. [PMID: 35154162 PMCID: PMC8829453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR5, a chemokine receptor central for orchestrating lymphocyte/cell migration to the sites of inflammation and to the immunosurveillance, is involved in the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of health conditions, including inflammatory diseases, viral infections, cancers and autoimmune diseases. CCR5 is also the primary coreceptor for the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs), supporting its entry into CD4+ T lymphocytes upon transmission and in the early stages of infection in humans. A natural loss-of-function mutation CCR5-Δ32, preventing the mutated protein expression on the cell surface, renders homozygous carriers of the null allele resistant to HIV-1 infection. This phenomenon was leveraged in the development of therapies and cure strategies for AIDS. Meanwhile, over 40 African nonhuman primate species are long-term hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), an ancestral family of viruses that give rise to the pandemic CCR5 (R5)-tropic HIV-1. Many natural hosts typically do not progress to immunodeficiency upon the SIV infection. They have developed various strategies to minimize the SIV-related pathogenesis and disease progression, including an array of mechanisms employing modulation of the CCR5 receptor activity: (i) deletion mutations abrogating the CCR5 surface expression and conferring resistance to infection in null homozygotes; (ii) downregulation of CCR5 expression on CD4+ T cells, particularly memory cells and cells at the mucosal sites, preventing SIV from infecting and killing cells important for the maintenance of immune homeostasis, (iii) delayed onset of CCR5 expression on the CD4+ T cells during ontogenetic development that protects the offspring from vertical transmission of the virus. These host adaptations, aimed at lowering the availability of target CCR5+ CD4+ T cells through CCR5 downregulation, were countered by SIV, which evolved to alter the entry coreceptor usage toward infecting different CD4+ T-cell subpopulations that support viral replication yet without disruption of host immune homeostasis. These natural strategies against SIV/HIV-1 infection, involving control of CCR5 function, inspired therapeutic approaches against HIV-1 disease, employing CCR5 coreceptor blocking as well as gene editing and silencing of CCR5. Given the pleiotropic role of CCR5 in health beyond immune disease, the precision as well as costs and benefits of such interventions needs to be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Jasinska
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Eye on Primates, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ivona Pandrea
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Cristian Apetrei
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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24
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Liechti T, Iftikhar Y, Mangino M, Beddall M, Goss CW, O'Halloran JA, Mudd P, Roederer M. Immune phenotypes that predict COVID-19 severity. RESEARCH SQUARE 2022:rs.3.rs-1378671. [PMID: 35291290 PMCID: PMC8923110 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1378671/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 causes profound immune perturbations, but pre-infection immune signatures contributing to severe COVID-19 remain unknown. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified strong associations between severe disease and several chemokine receptors and molecules from the type I interferon pathway. Here, we define immune signatures associated with severe COVID-19 using high-dimensional flow cytometry. We measured the peripheral immune system from individuals who recovered from mild, moderate, severe or critical COVID-19 and focused only on those immune signatures returning to steady-state. Individuals that suffered from severe COVID-19 showed reduced frequencies of T cell, MAIT cell and dendritic cell (DCs) subsets and altered chemokine receptor expression on several subsets, such as reduced levels of CCR1 and CCR2 on monocyte subsets. Furthermore, we found reduced frequencies of type I interferon-producing plasmacytoid DCs and altered IFNAR2 expression on several myeloid cells in individuals recovered from severe COVID-19. Thus, these data identify potential immune mechanisms contributing to severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liechti
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, USA, 20892
| | - Yaser Iftikhar
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, USA, 20892
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College of London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Margaret Beddall
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, USA, 20892
| | - Charles W Goss
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jane A O'Halloran
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Philip Mudd
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110
| | - Mario Roederer
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, USA, 20892
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25
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Xu C, Ju D, Zhang X. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy: challenges and opportunities in lung cancer. Antib Ther 2022; 5:73-83. [PMID: 35372786 PMCID: PMC8972219 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized the paradigm in hematological malignancies treatment, driving an ever-expanding number of basic research and clinical trials of genetically engineering T cells to treat solid tumors. CAR T-cell therapies based on the antibodies targeting Mesothelin, CEA, EGFR, EGFR, MUC1, DLL3, and emerging novel targets provide promising efficacy for lung cancer patients. However, clinical application of CAR T-cell therapy against lung cancer remains limited on account of physical and immune barriers, antigen escape and heterogeneity, on-target off-tumor toxicity, and many other reasons. Understanding the evolution of CAR structure and the generalizable requirements for manufacturing CAR T cells as well as the interplay between lung tumor immunology and CAR T cells will improve clinical translation of this therapeutic modality in lung cancer. In this review, we systematically summarize the latest advances in CAR T-cell therapy in lung cancer, focusing on the CAR structure, target antigens, challenges, and corresponding new strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caili Xu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xuyao Zhang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
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26
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Zhu G, Du S, Wang Y, Huang X, Hu G, Lu X, Li D, Zhu Y, Qu D, Cai Q, Liu L, Du M. Delayed Antiviral Immune Responses in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infected Pregnant Mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:806902. [PMID: 35126335 PMCID: PMC8814454 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.806902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in immune responses had been reported to correlate with different symptoms and mortality in the disease course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection interferes with females’ fertility and causes different symptoms among pregnant and non-pregnant females remains unknown. Here, we examined the differences in viral loads, SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody titers, proinflammatory cytokines, and levels of T cell activation after SARS-CoV-2 sub-lethal infection between pregnant and non-pregnant human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme II (ACE2) transgenic mouse models. Both mice showed elevated levels of viral loads in the lung at 4 days post-infection (dpi). However, viral loads in the pregnant group remained elevated at 7 dpi while decreased in the non-pregnant group. Consistent with viral loads, increased production of proinflammatory cytokines was detected from the pregnant group, and the IgM or SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody in serum of pregnant mice featured delayed elevation compared with non-pregnant mice. Moreover, by accessing kinetics of activation marker expression of peripheral T cells after infection, a lower level of CD8+ T cell activation was observed in pregnant mice, further demonstrating the difference of immune-response between pregnant and non-pregnant mice. Although vertical transmission did not occur as SARS-CoV-2 RNA was absent in the uterus and fetus from the infected pregnant mice, a lower pregnancy rate was observed when the mice were infected before embryo implantation after mating, indicating that SARS-CoV-2 infection may interfere with mice’s fertility at a specific time window. In summary, pregnant mice bear a weaker ability to eliminate the SARS-CoV-2 virus than non-pregnant mice, which was correlated with lower levels of antibody production and T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Zhu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujuan Du
- MOE & NHC & CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- MOE & NHC & CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xixi Huang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaowei Hu
- MOE & NHC & CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dajin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Di Qu
- MOE & NHC & CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiliang Cai
- MOE & NHC & CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Qiliang Cai,
| | - Lu Liu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Lu Liu,
| | - Meirong Du
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Meirong Du,
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27
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Ferrero MR, Tavares LP, Garcia CC. The Dual Role of CCR5 in the Course of Influenza Infection: Exploring Treatment Opportunities. Front Immunol 2022; 12:826621. [PMID: 35126379 PMCID: PMC8810482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.826621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is one of the most relevant respiratory viruses to human health causing annual epidemics, and recurrent pandemics. Influenza disease is principally associated with inappropriate activation of the immune response. Chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) and its cognate chemokines CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5 are rapidly induced upon influenza infection, contributing to leukocyte recruitment into the airways and a consequent effective antiviral response. Here we discuss the existing evidence for CCR5 role in the host immune responses to influenza virus. Complete absence of CCR5 in mice revealed the receptor’s role in coping with influenza via the recruitment of early memory CD8+ T cells, B cell activation and later recruitment of activated CD4+ T cells. Moreover, CCR5 contributes to inflammatory resolution by enhancing alveolar macrophages survival and reprogramming macrophages to pro-resolving phenotypes. In contrast, CCR5 activation is associated with excessive recruitment of neutrophils, inflammatory monocytes, and NK cells in models of severe influenza pneumonia. The available data suggests that, while CCL5 can play a protective role in influenza infection, CCL3 may contribute to an overwhelming inflammatory process that can harm the lung tissue. In humans, the gene encoding CCR5 might contain a 32-base pair deletion, resulting in a truncated protein. While discordant data in literature regarding this CCR5 mutation and influenza severity, the association of CCR5delta32 and HIV resistance fostered the development of different CCR5 inhibitors, now being tested in lung inflammation therapy. The potential use of CCR5 inhibitors to modulate the inflammatory response in severe human influenza infections is to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Ruben Ferrero
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maximiliano Ruben Ferrero,
| | - Luciana Pádua Tavares
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cristiana Couto Garcia
- Laboratory of Respiratory Virus and Measles, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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28
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Mohamed H, Gurrola T, Berman R, Collins M, Sariyer IK, Nonnemacher MR, Wigdahl B. Targeting CCR5 as a Component of an HIV-1 Therapeutic Strategy. Front Immunol 2022; 12:816515. [PMID: 35126374 PMCID: PMC8811197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.816515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a major health burden for which successful therapeutic options are still being investigated. Challenges facing current drugs that are part of the established life-long antiretroviral therapy (ART) include toxicity, development of drug resistant HIV-1 strains, the cost of treatment, and the inability to eradicate the provirus from infected cells. For these reasons, novel anti-HIV-1 therapeutics that can prevent or eliminate disease progression including the onset of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are needed. While development of HIV-1 vaccination has also been challenging, recent advancements demonstrate that infection of HIV-1-susceptible cells can be prevented in individuals living with HIV-1, by targeting C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5). CCR5 serves many functions in the human immune response and is a co-receptor utilized by HIV-1 for entry into immune cells. Therapeutics targeting CCR5 generally involve gene editing techniques including CRISPR, CCR5 blockade using antibodies or antagonists, or combinations of both. Here we review the efficacy of these approaches and discuss the potential of their use in the clinic as novel ART-independent therapies for HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hager Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Theodore Gurrola
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rachel Berman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mackenzie Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ilker K. Sariyer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael R. Nonnemacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Brian Wigdahl,
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29
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Nuijten P, Cleton N, van der Loop J, Makoschey B, Pulskens W, Vertenten G. Early Activation of the Innate Immunity and Specific Cellular Immune Pathways after Vaccination with a Live Intranasal Viral Vaccine and Challenge with Bovine Parainfluenza Type 3 Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10010104. [PMID: 35062765 PMCID: PMC8777984 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine parainfluenza type 3 (BPIV3) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) may cause bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in very young calves, and therefore vaccination should induce protection at the youngest age and as quickly as possible. This can be achieved by intranasal vaccination with a vaccine containing live attenuated BRSV and BPIV3 virus strains. The objective of this study was to measure gene expression levels by means of RT-qPCR of proteins involved in the innate and adaptive immune response in the nasopharyngeal mucosae after administration of the above-mentioned vaccine and after challenge with BPIV3. Gene expression profiles were different between (i) vaccinated, (ii) nonvaccinated-challenged, and (iii) vaccinated-challenged animals. In nonvaccinated-challenged animals, expression of genes involved in development of disease symptoms and pathology were increased, however, this was not the case after vaccination. Moreover, gene expression patterns of vaccinated animals reflected induction of the antiviral and innate immune pathways as well as an initial Th1 (cytotoxic) cellular response. After challenge with BPIV3, the vaccinated animals were protected against nasal shedding of the challenge virus and clinical symptoms, and in parallel the expression levels of the investigated genes had returned to values that were found before vaccination. In conclusion, in comparison to the virulent wild-type field isolates, the two virus strains in the vaccine have lost their capacity to evade the immune response, resulting in the induction of an antiviral state followed by a very early activation of innate immune and antiviral responses as well as induction of specific cellular immune pathways, resulting in protection. The exact changes in the genomes of these vaccine strains leading to attenuation have not been identified. These data represent the real-life situation and can serve as a basis for further detailed research. This is the first report describing the effects on immune gene expression profiles in the nasal mucosae induced by intranasal vaccination with a bivalent, live BRSV-BPI3V vaccine formulation in comparison to wild-type infection with a virulent BPI3V strain.
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30
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Braverman J, Monk IR, Ge C, Westall GP, Stinear TP, Wakim LM. Staphylococcus aureus specific lung resident memory CD4 + Th1 cells attenuate the severity of influenza virus induced secondary bacterial pneumonia. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:783-796. [PMID: 35637249 PMCID: PMC9148937 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of severe pulmonary infections. The evolution of multi-drug resistant strains limits antibiotic treatment options. To date, all candidate vaccines tested have failed, highlighting the need for an increased understanding of the immunological requirements for effective S. aureus immunity. Using an S. aureus strain engineered to express a trackable CD4+ T cell epitope and a murine model of S. aureus pneumonia, we show strategies that lodge Th1 polarised bacterium specific CD4+ tissue resident memory T cells (Trm) in the lung can significantly attenuate the severity of S. aureus pneumonia. This contrasts natural infection of mice that fails to lodge CD4+ Trm cells along the respiratory tract or provide protection against re-infection, despite initially generating Th17 bacterium specific CD4+ T cell responses. Interestingly, lack of CD4+ Trm formation after natural infection in mice appears to be reflected in humans, where the frequency of S. aureus reactive CD4+ Trm cells in lung tissue is also low. Our findings reveal the protective capacity of S. aureus specific respiratory tract CD4+ Th1 polarised Trm cells and highlight the potential for targeting these cells in vaccines that aim to prevent the development of S. aureus pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Braverman
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Ian R. Monk
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Chenghao Ge
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Glen P. Westall
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Lung Transplant Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Timothy P. Stinear
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Linda M. Wakim
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
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31
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Reijnders TDY, Schuurman AR, van der Poll T. The Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses: From Start to Memory. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 42:759-770. [PMID: 34918319 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical research has long strived to improve our understanding of the immune response to respiratory viral infections, an effort that has become all the more important as we live through the consequences of a pandemic. The disease course of these infections is shaped in large part by the actions of various cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. While these cells are crucial in clearing viral pathogens and establishing long-term immunity, their effector mechanisms may also escalate into excessive, tissue-destructive inflammation detrimental to the host. In this review, we describe the breadth of the immune response to infection with respiratory viruses such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. Throughout, we focus on the host rather than the pathogen and try to describe shared patterns in the host response to different viruses. We start with the local cells of the airways, onto the recruitment and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells, followed by the establishment of local and systemic memory cells key in protection against reinfection. We end by exploring how respiratory viral infections can predispose to bacterial superinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom D Y Reijnders
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex R Schuurman
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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32
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Rayasam A, Drobyski WR. Translational Clinical Strategies for the Prevention of Gastrointestinal Tract Graft Versus Host Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:779076. [PMID: 34899738 PMCID: PMC8662938 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.779076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is the major non-relapse complication associated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Unfortunately, GVHD occurs in roughly half of patients following this therapy and can induce severe life-threatening side effects and premature mortality. The pathophysiology of GVHD is driven by alloreactive donor T cells that induce a proinflammatory environment to cause pathological damage in the skin, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, lung, and liver during the acute phase of this disease. Recent work has demonstrated that the GI tract is a pivotal target organ and a primary driver of morbidity and mortality in patients. Prevention of this complication has therefore emerged as an important goal of prophylaxis strategies given the primacy of this tissue site in GVHD pathophysiology. In this review, we summarize foundational pre-clinical studies that have been conducted in animal models to prevent GI tract GVHD and examine the efficacy of these approaches upon subsequent translation into the clinic. Specifically, we focus on therapies designed to block inflammatory cytokine pathways, inhibit cellular trafficking of alloreactive donor T cells to the GI tract, and reconstitute impaired regulatory networks for the prevention of GVHD in the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Rayasam
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - William R Drobyski
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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33
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Lefebvre MN, Surette FA, Anthony SM, Vijay R, Jensen IJ, Pewe LL, Hancox LS, Van Braeckel-Budimir N, van de Wall S, Urban SL, Mix MR, Kurup SP, Badovinac VP, Butler NS, Harty JT. Expeditious recruitment of circulating memory CD8 T cells to the liver facilitates control of malaria. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109956. [PMID: 34731605 PMCID: PMC8628427 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating memory CD8 T cell trafficking and protective capacity during liver-stage malaria infection remains undefined. We find that effector memory CD8 T cells (Tem) infiltrate the liver within 6 hours after malarial or bacterial infections and mediate pathogen clearance. Tem recruitment coincides with rapid transcriptional upregulation of inflammatory genes in Plasmodium-infected livers. Recruitment requires CD8 T cell-intrinsic LFA-1 expression and the presence of liver phagocytes. Rapid Tem liver infiltration is distinct from recruitment to other non-lymphoid tissues in that it occurs both in the absence of liver tissue resident memory "sensing-and-alarm" function and ∼42 hours earlier than in lung infection by influenza virus. These data demonstrate relevance for Tem in protection against malaria and provide generalizable mechanistic insights germane to control of liver infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell N Lefebvre
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Fionna A Surette
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Scott M Anthony
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Rahul Vijay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Isaac J Jensen
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Lecia L Pewe
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Lisa S Hancox
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | | | - Stephanie van de Wall
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Stina L Urban
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Madison R Mix
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Samarchith P Kurup
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Vladimir P Badovinac
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Noah S Butler
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - John T Harty
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA.
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34
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Martins C, Migayron L, Drullion C, Jacquemin C, Lucchese F, Rambert J, Merhi R, Michon P, Taieb A, Rezvani HR, de Rinaldis E, Seneschal J, Boniface K. Vitiligo skin T cells are prone to produce type 1- and type 2-cytokines to induce melanocyte dysfunction and epidermal inflammatory response through JAK signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1194-1205.e7. [PMID: 34655610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a T cell-mediated inflammatory skin disorder characterized by the loss of epidermal melanocytes. However, the contribution of melanocytes to the physiopathology of the disease in response to the T cell microenvironment remains unclear. Here, using NanoString technology and multiplex ELISA, we show that active vitiligo perilesional skin is characterized by prominent type 1 and 2 associated immune responses. The vitiligo skin T cell secretome downregulated melanocyte function and adhesion, while increasing melanocyte mitochondrial metabolism and expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by epidermal cells. The JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib strongly inhibited such effects on epidermal cells. Our data highlight that vitiligo is more complex than previously thought with prominent combined activities of both Th1- and Th2-related cytokines inducing inflammatory responses of epidermal cells. Melanocytes do not appear only to be a target of T cells in vitiligo but could actively contribute to perpetuate inflammation. JAK inhibitors could prevent the impact of T cells on epidermal cells and pigmentation, highlighting their potential clinical benefit in vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laure Migayron
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BMGIC, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; R&D Department, SILAB, Brive-la-Gaillarde, France
| | - Claire Drullion
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BMGIC, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | - Ribal Merhi
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BMGIC, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pauline Michon
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BMGIC, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alain Taieb
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BMGIC, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology; National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disorders, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hamid-Reza Rezvani
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BMGIC, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; AQUIDERM, University of Bordeaux
| | - Emanuele de Rinaldis
- Sanofi Immunology and Inflammation Research Therapeutic Area, Precision Immunology Cluster, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Julien Seneschal
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BMGIC, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology; National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disorders, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux, France
| | - Katia Boniface
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BMGIC, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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35
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Mysore V, Cullere X, Settles ML, Ji X, Kattan MW, Desjardins M, Durbin-Johnson B, Gilboa T, Baden LR, Walt DR, Lichtman AH, Jehi L, Mayadas TN. Protective heterologous T cell immunity in COVID-19 induced by the trivalent MMR and Tdap vaccine antigens. MED 2021; 2:1050-1071.e7. [PMID: 34414383 PMCID: PMC8363466 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cells control viral infection, promote vaccine durability, and in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associate with mild disease. We investigated whether prior measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) or tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis (Tdap) vaccination elicits cross-reactive T cells that mitigate COVID-19. METHODS Antigen-presenting cells (APC) loaded ex vivo with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), MMR, or Tdap antigens and autologous T cells from COVID-19-convalescent participants, uninfected individuals, and COVID-19 mRNA-vaccinated donors were co-cultured. T cell activation and phenotype were detected by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assays and flow cytometry. ELISAs (enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays) and validation studies identified the APC-derived cytokine(s) driving T cell activation. TCR clonotyping and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) identified cross-reactive T cells and their transcriptional profile. A propensity-weighted analysis of COVID-19 patients estimated the effects of MMR and Tdap vaccination on COVID-19 outcomes. FINDINGS High correlation was observed between T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 (spike-S1 and nucleocapsid) and MMR and Tdap proteins in COVID-19-convalescent and -vaccinated individuals. The overlapping T cell population contained an effector memory T cell subset (effector memory re-expressing CD45RA on T cells [TEMRA]) implicated in protective, anti-viral immunity, and their detection required APC-derived IL-15, known to sensitize T cells to activation. Cross-reactive TCR repertoires detected in antigen-experienced T cells recognizing SARS-CoV-2, MMR, and Tdap epitopes had TEMRA features. Indices of disease severity were reduced in MMR- or Tdap-vaccinated individuals by 32%-38% and 20%-23%, respectively, among COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS Tdap and MMR memory T cells reactivated by SARS-CoV-2 may provide protection against severe COVID-19. FUNDING This study was supported by a National Institutes of Health (R01HL065095, R01AI152522, R01NS097719) donation from Barbara and Amos Hostetter and the Chleck Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayashree Mysore
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xavier Cullere
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew L Settles
- Bioinformatics Core Facility in the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xinge Ji
- Quantitative Health Science Department, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Michael W Kattan
- Quantitative Health Science Department, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Michaël Desjardins
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Tal Gilboa
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lindsey R Baden
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David R Walt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew H Lichtman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lara Jehi
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Tanya N Mayadas
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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36
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Horn S, Borrero-Wolff D, Ritter M, Arndts K, Wiszniewsky A, Debrah LB, Debrah AY, Osei-Mensah J, Chachage M, Hoerauf A, Kroidl I, Layland LE. Distinct Immune Profiles of Exhausted Effector and Memory CD8 + T Cells in Individuals With Filarial Lymphedema. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:680832. [PMID: 34485170 PMCID: PMC8415778 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.680832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are crucial for the clearance of viral infections, and current research begins to highlight their importance in parasitic diseases too. In-depth research about characteristics of CD8+ T-cell subsets and exhaustion remains uncertain, especially during filariasis, a chronic helminth infection. Lymphatic filariasis, elicited by Wuchereria bancrofti, remains a serious health problem in endemic areas in Ghana, especially in those suffering from morbidity due to lymphedema (LE). In this observational study, the characteristics and profiles of CD8+ T cells were compared between asymptomatic Wuchereria bancrofti-infected individuals, uninfected endemic normals, and those with LE (grades 2–6). Focusing on exhausted memory (CD8+exmem: CD8+ T-betdimEomeshi) and effector (CD8+exeff: CD8+T-bethiEomesdim) CD8+ T-cell subsets, advanced flow cytometry revealed that LE individuals presented reduced frequencies of IFN-γ+CD8+exmem T cells expressing Tim-3 or LAG-3 which negatively correlated to the presence of LE. Moreover, the LE cohort further showed significantly higher frequencies of IL-10+CD8+exeff T cells expressing either Tim-3, LAG-3, CD39, KLRG-1, or PD-1, all associated markers of exhaustion, and that these frequencies positively correlated with the presence of LE. In summary, this study shows that distinct exhausted CD8+ T-cell subsets are prominent in individuals suffering from LE, suggesting that enhanced inflammation and constant immune activation might drive exhaustion of CD8+ T cells. Since T-cell exhaustion is known to be associated with insufficient control of persisting antigen, the data presented here reveals that these CD8+ T-cell exhaustion patterns in filarial LE should be taken into consideration for prevention and control management of LE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Horn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis Borrero-Wolff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathrin Arndts
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Wiszniewsky
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Linda Batsa Debrah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Filariasis Unit, Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Sciences and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Kumasi, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alexander Y Debrah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Filariasis Unit, Kumasi, Ghana.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Kumasi, Kumasi, Ghana.,Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Sciences and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jubin Osei-Mensah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Filariasis Unit, Kumasi, Ghana.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Kumasi, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Mkunde Chachage
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany.,National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Center (MMRC), Department of Immunology, Mbeya, Tanzania.,University of Dar es Salaam-Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences (UDSM-MCHAS), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Neglected Tropical Disease, partner site, Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Inge Kroidl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Neglected Tropical Disease, partner site, Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura E Layland
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Neglected Tropical Disease, partner site, Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
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Nakayama T, Hirahara K, Kimura MY, Iwamura C, Kiuchi M, Kokubo K, Onodera A, Hashimoto K, Motohashi S. CD4 + T cells in inflammatory diseases : pathogenic T-helper cells and the CD69-Myl9 system. Int Immunol 2021; 33:699-704. [PMID: 34427648 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4 + T cells direct immune responses against infectious microorganisms but are also involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. In the last two to three decades, various researchers have identified and characterized several functional CD4 + T cell subsets, including T-helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th9 and Th17 cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells. In this mini-review, we introduce the concept of pathogenic Th cells that induce inflammatory diseases with a model of disease induction by a population of pathogenic Th cells; "pathogenic Th population disease-induction model". We will focus on Th2 cells that induce allergic airway inflammation-pathogenic Th2 cells (Tpath2 cells)-and discuss the nature of Tpath2 cells that shape the pathology of chronic inflammatory diseases. Various Tpath2 cell subsets have been identified and their unique features are summarized in mouse and human systems. Second, we will discuss how Th cells migrate and are maintained in chronic inflammatory lesions. We propose a model known as the "CD69-Myl9 system". CD69 is a cell surface molecule expressed on activated T cells and interaction with its ligand myosin light chain 9 (Myl9) is required for the induction of inflammatory diseases. Myl9 molecules in the small vessels of inflamed lungs may play a crucial role in the migration of activated T cells into inflammatory lesions. Emerging evidence may provide new insight into the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases and contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for intractable inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan.,AMED-CREST, AMED, Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motoko Y Kimura
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chiaki Iwamura
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kota Kokubo
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Onodera
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kahoko Hashimoto
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Tsudanuma, Narashino-city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Motohashi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
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Swaims-Kohlmeier A, Sheth AN, Brody J, Hardnett FP, Sharma S, Bonning EW, Ofotokun I, Massud I, García-Lerma JG. Proinflammatory oscillations over the menstrual cycle drives bystander CD4 T cell recruitment and SHIV susceptibility from vaginal challenge. EBioMedicine 2021; 69:103472. [PMID: 34229275 PMCID: PMC8264117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The menstrual cycle influences HIV infection-risk in women, although the timing and underlying mechanism are unclear. Here we investigated the contribution of the menstrual cycle to HIV susceptibility through evaluating immune behavior with infection-risk over time. METHODS Blood and vaginal lavage samples were collected from 18 pig-tailed macaques to evaluate immune changes over reproductive cycles, and from 5 additional animals undergoing repeated vaginal exposures to simian HIV (SHIV). Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from healthy women (n = 10) were prospectively collected over the course of a menstrual cycle to profile T cell populations. Immune properties from PBMC and vaginal lavage samples were measured by flow cytometry. Plasma progesterone was measured by enzyme immunoassay. The oscillation frequency of progesterone concentration and CCR5 expression on CD4 T cells was calculated using the Lomb-Scargle periodogram. SHIV infection was monitored in plasma by RT-PCR. Immune measures were compared using generalized estimating equations (GEE). FINDINGS Macaques cycle-phases were associated with fluctuations in systemic immune properties and a type-1 inflammatory T cell response with corresponding CCR5+ memory CD4 T cell (HIV target cell) infiltration into the vaginal lumen at the late luteal phase. Power spectral analysis identified CCR5 oscillation frequencies synchronized with reproductive cycles. In a repetitive low-dose vaginal challenge model, productive SHIV163P3 infection only occurred during intervals of mounting type-1 T cell responses (n = 5/5). Finally, we identify similar type-1 inflammatory T cell responses over the menstrual cycle are occurring in healthy women. INTERPRETATION These data demonstrate that periodic shifts in the immune landscape under menstrual cycle regulation drives bystander CCR5+ CD4 T cell recruitment and HIV susceptibility in the female reproductive tract. FUNDING This study was supported by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329 and NIH grants to Emory University (K23AI114407 to A.N.S., the Emory University Center for AIDS research [P30AI050409], and Atlanta Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute [KLR2TR000455, UL1TR000454]). DISCLAIMER The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the Department of Health and Human Services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Swaims-Kohlmeier
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States..
| | - Anandi N Sheth
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Jed Brody
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Felicia P Hardnett
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
| | - Sunita Sharma
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
| | - Erin Wells Bonning
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Igho Ofotokun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Ivana Massud
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
| | - J Gerardo García-Lerma
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
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Corleis B, Cho JL, Gates SJ, Linder AH, Dickey A, Lisanti-Park AC, Schiff AE, Ghebremichael M, Kohli P, Winkler T, Harris RS, Medoff BD, Kwon DS. Smoking and HIV-1 Infection Promote Retention of CD8+ T Cells in the Airway Mucosa. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:513-520. [PMID: 34166603 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0168oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking and HIV-1 infection are risk factors for COPD, which is among the most common comorbid conditions in people living with HIV-1. HIV-1 infection leads to persistent expansion of CD8+ T cells, and CD8+ T cell-mediated inflammation has been implicated in COPD pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of HIV-1 infection and smoking on T cell dynamics in patients at risk of COPD. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), endobronchial brushings and blood from HIV-1 infected and uninfected non-smokers and smokers were analyzed by flow cytometry, and lungs were imaged by computed tomography. Chemokines were measured in BAL fluid, and CD8+ T cell chemotaxis in the presence of cigarette smoke extract was assessed in vitro. HIV-1 infection increased CD8+ T cells in the BAL, but this increase was abrogated by smoking. Smokers had reduced BAL levels of the T cell-recruiting chemokines CXCL10 and CCL5, and cigarette smoke extract inhibited CXCL10 and CCL5 production by macrophages and CD8+ T cell transmigration in vitro. In contrast to the BAL, CD8+ T cells in endobronchial brushings were increased in HIV-1 infected smokers, driven by an accumulation of effector memory T cells in the airway mucosa and an increase in tissue resident memory T cells. Mucosal CD8+ T cell numbers inversely correlated with lung aeration, suggesting an association with inflammation and remodeling. HIV-1 infection and smoking lead to retention of CD8+ T cells within the airway mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Corleis
- Ragon Institute, 200750, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States.,Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 39023, Institute of Immunology, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Josalyn L Cho
- University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, 12243, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States;
| | - Samantha J Gates
- Ragon Institute, 200750, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Alice H Linder
- Ragon Institute, 200750, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Amy Dickey
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Abigail E Schiff
- Ragon Institute, 200750, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Puja Kohli
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Tilo Winkler
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - R Scott Harris
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Benjamin D Medoff
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Douglas S Kwon
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Ragon Institute, 200750, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
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40
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Persaud AT, Bennett SA, Thaya L, Burnie J, Guzzo C. Human monocytes store and secrete preformed CCL5, independent of de novo protein synthesis. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:573-583. [PMID: 34114669 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0820-522rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are a subset of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells with diverse roles in immunity, including sentinel roles in cytokine secretion. Conventionally, cytokines require an inductive stimulus for their expression and secretion, resulting in a time lag from the time of stimulation to when the proteins are packaged and secreted. Because cytokines are the main communicators in the immune system, their temporal expression is a key factor in coordinating responses to efficiently resolve infection. Herein, we identify that circulating human monocytes contain preformed cytokines that are stored intracellularly, in both resting and activated states. Having preformed cytokines bypasses the time lag associated with de novo synthesis, allowing monocytes to secrete immune mediators immediately upon activation or sensing of microbe-associated molecular patterns. We demonstrate here that, out of several cytokines evaluated, human monocytes contain a previously undescribed reservoir of the preformed chemokine CCL5. Furthermore, we showed that CCL5 could be secreted from monocytes treated with the protein synthesis inhibitor (cycloheximide) and Golgi blocker (brefeldin A). We examined the possibility for uptake of extracellular CCL5 from platelet aggregates and observed no significant levels of platelet binding to our enriched monocyte preparations, indicating that the source of preformed CCL5 was not from platelets. Preformed CCL5 was observed to be distributed throughout the cytoplasm and partially colocalized with CD63+ and Rab11A+ membranes, implicating endosomal compartments in the intracellular storage and trafficking of CCL5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Tejnarine Persaud
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Andrew Bennett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laxshaginee Thaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Burnie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina Guzzo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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41
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Cantalupo S, Lasorsa VA, Russo R, Andolfo I, D’Alterio G, Rosato BE, Frisso G, Abete P, Cassese GM, Servillo G, Gentile I, Piscopo C, Della Monica M, Fiorentino G, Russo G, Cerino P, Buonerba C, Pierri B, Zollo M, Iolascon A, Capasso M. Regulatory Noncoding and Predicted Pathogenic Coding Variants of CCR5 Predispose to Severe COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5372. [PMID: 34065289 PMCID: PMC8161088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) found locus 3p21.31 associated with severe COVID-19. CCR5 resides at the same locus and, given its known biological role in other infection diseases, we investigated if common noncoding and rare coding variants, affecting CCR5, can predispose to severe COVID-19. We combined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that met the suggestive significance level (P ≤ 1 × 10-5) at the 3p21.31 locus in public GWAS datasets (6406 COVID-19 hospitalized patients and 902,088 controls) with gene expression data from 208 lung tissues, Hi-C, and Chip-seq data. Through whole exome sequencing (WES), we explored rare coding variants in 147 severe COVID-19 patients. We identified three SNPs (rs9845542, rs12639314, and rs35951367) associated with severe COVID-19 whose risk alleles correlated with low CCR5 expression in lung tissues. The rs35951367 resided in a CTFC binding site that interacts with CCR5 gene in lung tissues and was confirmed to be associated with severe COVID-19 in two independent datasets. We also identified a rare coding variant (rs34418657) associated with the risk of developing severe COVID-19. Our results suggest a biological role of CCR5 in the progression of COVID-19 as common and rare genetic variants can increase the risk of developing severe COVID-19 by affecting the functions of CCR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sueva Cantalupo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80136 Napoli, Italy; (S.C.); (V.A.L.); (R.R.); (I.A.); (B.E.R.); (G.F.); (M.Z.); (A.I.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Vito Alessandro Lasorsa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80136 Napoli, Italy; (S.C.); (V.A.L.); (R.R.); (I.A.); (B.E.R.); (G.F.); (M.Z.); (A.I.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Roberta Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80136 Napoli, Italy; (S.C.); (V.A.L.); (R.R.); (I.A.); (B.E.R.); (G.F.); (M.Z.); (A.I.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Immacolata Andolfo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80136 Napoli, Italy; (S.C.); (V.A.L.); (R.R.); (I.A.); (B.E.R.); (G.F.); (M.Z.); (A.I.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | | | - Barbara Eleni Rosato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80136 Napoli, Italy; (S.C.); (V.A.L.); (R.R.); (I.A.); (B.E.R.); (G.F.); (M.Z.); (A.I.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80136 Napoli, Italy; (S.C.); (V.A.L.); (R.R.); (I.A.); (B.E.R.); (G.F.); (M.Z.); (A.I.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Abete
- COVID Hospital, P.O.S. Anna e SS. Madonna della Neve di Boscotrecase, Ospedali Riuniti Area Vesuviana, 80042 Boscotrecase, Italy; (P.A.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Gian Marco Cassese
- COVID Hospital, P.O.S. Anna e SS. Madonna della Neve di Boscotrecase, Ospedali Riuniti Area Vesuviana, 80042 Boscotrecase, Italy; (P.A.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Servillo
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Scienze Riproduttive ed Odontostomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Ivan Gentile
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Carmelo Piscopo
- Medical and Laboratory Genetics Unit, A.O.R.N. ‘Antonio Cardarelli’, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (C.P.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Matteo Della Monica
- Medical and Laboratory Genetics Unit, A.O.R.N. ‘Antonio Cardarelli’, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (C.P.); (M.D.M.)
| | | | - Giuseppe Russo
- Unità di Radiologia, Casa di Cura Villa dei Fiori, 80011 Acerra, Italy;
| | - Pellegrino Cerino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, Italy; (P.C.); (C.B.); (B.P.)
| | - Carlo Buonerba
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, Italy; (P.C.); (C.B.); (B.P.)
| | - Biancamaria Pierri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, Italy; (P.C.); (C.B.); (B.P.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Università di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Massimo Zollo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80136 Napoli, Italy; (S.C.); (V.A.L.); (R.R.); (I.A.); (B.E.R.); (G.F.); (M.Z.); (A.I.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80136 Napoli, Italy; (S.C.); (V.A.L.); (R.R.); (I.A.); (B.E.R.); (G.F.); (M.Z.); (A.I.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Mario Capasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80136 Napoli, Italy; (S.C.); (V.A.L.); (R.R.); (I.A.); (B.E.R.); (G.F.); (M.Z.); (A.I.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
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Merz MP, Turner JD. Is early life adversity a trigger towards inflammageing? Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111377. [PMID: 33905877 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There are many 'faces' of early life adversity (ELA), such as childhood trauma, institutionalisation, abuse or exposure to environmental toxins. These have been implicated in the onset and severity of a wide range of chronic non-communicable diseases later in life. The later-life disease risk has a well-established immunological component. This raises the question as to whether accelerated immune-ageing mechanistically links early-life adversity to the lifelong health trajectory resulting in either 'poor' or 'healthy' ageing. Here we examine observational and mechanistic studies of ELA and inflammageing, highlighting common and distinct features in these two life stages. Many biological processes appear in common including reduction in telomere length, increased immunosenescence, metabolic distortions and chronic (viral) infections. We propose that ELA shapes the developing immune, endocrine and nervous system in a non-reversible way, creating a distinct phenotype with accelerated immunosenescence and systemic inflammation. We conclude that ELA might act as an accelerator for inflammageing and age-related diseases. Furthermore, we now have the tools and cohorts to be able to dissect the interaction between ELA and later life phenotype. This should, in the near future, allow us to identify the ecological and mechanistic processes that are involved in 'healthy' or accelerated immune-ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam P Merz
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 2 avenue de Université, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jonathan D Turner
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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43
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Lechner J, Schulz T, Lejeune B, von Baehr V. Jawbone Cavitation Expressed RANTES/CCL5: Case Studies Linking Silent Inflammation in the Jawbone with Epistemology of Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2021; 13:225-240. [PMID: 33859496 PMCID: PMC8044077 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s295488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background The role of signaling pathways as part of the cell-cell communication within cancer progression becomes a crucial area. Chemokine RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted), also known as the chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) (R/C), is a protein on which cancer research focus due to its link with aggressive cancer development. Objective Research on fatty-degenerative osteonecrosis in jawbone (FDOJ) shows striking overexpression of R/C in these areas. Here we try to elucidate a potential link between jawbone-derived R/C and breast cancer (BC) and compare these findings by immunohistochemical staining. Methods Thirty-nine FDOJ samples extracted from 39 BC patients and samples from 19 healthy control were analyzed for R/C expression using bead-based Luminex® analysis. R/C levels from 5 BC patients were measured in serum before and after FDOJ surgery. Bone density, histology, R/C expression, and immunohistochemistry were analysed in 4 clinical case studies. The R/C staining of two FDOJ BC patients is compared with the immunohistochemical staining of BC cell preparations. Results A high overexpression of R/C was seen in all FDOJ samples. R/C levels in serum were statistically downregulated after FDOJ surgery (p=0.0241). Discussion R/C induced “silent inflammation” in BC is widely discussed in scientific papers along with R/C triggering of different signaling pathways, which might be a key point in the development of BC. Conclusion Hypothesis that FDOJ may serve as a trigger of BC progression through R/C overexpression was set by the authors, who thus inspire clinicians to make aware of FDOJ throughout the dental and medical community in BC cases.
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Evans N, Martinez E, Petrosillo N, Nichols J, Islam E, Pruitt K, Almodovar S. SARS-CoV-2 and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Pathogen Pincer Attack. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2021; 13:361-375. [PMID: 33833585 PMCID: PMC8020331 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s300055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paramount efforts worldwide are seeking to increase understanding of the basic virology of SARS-CoV-2, characterize the spectrum of complications associated with COVID-19, and develop vaccines that can protect from new and recurrent infections with SARS-CoV-2. While we continue learning about this new virus, it is clear that 1) the virus is spread via the respiratory route, primarily by droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces and fomites, as well as by aerosol formation during invasive respiratory procedures; 2) the airborne route is still controversial; and 3) that those infected can spread the virus without necessarily developing COVID-19 (ie, asymptomatic). With the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections increasing globally, the possibility of co-infections and/or co-morbidities is becoming more concerning. Co-infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one such example of polyparasitism of interest. This military-themed comparative review of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV details their virology and describes them figuratively as separate enemy armies. HIV, an old enemy dug into trenches in individuals already infected, and SARS-CoV-2 the new army, attempting to attack and capture territories, tissues and organs, in order to provide resources for their expansion. This analogy serves to aid in discussion of three main areas of focus and draw attention to how these viruses may cooperate to gain the upper hand in securing a host. Here we compare their target, the key receptors found on those tissues, viral lifecycles and tactics for immune response surveillance. The last focus is on the immune response to infection, addressing similarities in cytokines released. While the majority of HIV cases can be successfully managed with antiretroviral therapy nowadays, treatments for SARS-CoV-2 are still undergoing research given the novelty of this army.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Evans
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Department of Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Edgar Martinez
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Department of Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Nicola Petrosillo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Jacob Nichols
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ebtesam Islam
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Pruitt
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Department of Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sharilyn Almodovar
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Department of Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Karaki S, Blanc C, Tran T, Galy-Fauroux I, Mougel A, Dransart E, Anson M, Tanchot C, Paolini L, Gruel N, Gibault L, Lepimpec-Barhes F, Fabre E, Benhamouda N, Badoual C, Damotte D, Donnadieu E, Kobold S, Mami-Chouaib F, Golub R, Johannes L, Tartour E. CXCR6 deficiency impairs cancer vaccine efficacy and CD8 + resident memory T-cell recruitment in head and neck and lung tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001948. [PMID: 33692218 PMCID: PMC7949477 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resident memory T lymphocytes (TRM) are located in tissues and play an important role in immunosurveillance against tumors. The presence of TRM prior to treatment or their induction is associated to the response to anti-Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy and the efficacy of cancer vaccines. Previous work by our group and others has shown that the intranasal route of vaccination allows more efficient induction of these cells in head and neck and lung mucosa, resulting in better tumor protection. The mechanisms of in vivo migration of these cells remains largely unknown, apart from the fact that they express the chemokine receptor CXCR6. METHODS We used CXCR6-deficient mice and an intranasal tumor vaccination model targeting the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) E7 protein expressed by the TC-1 lung cancer epithelial cell line. The role of CXCR6 and its ligand, CXCL16, was analyzed using multiparametric cytometric techniques and Luminex assays.Human biopsies obtained from patients with lung cancer were also included in this study. RESULTS We showed that CXCR6 was preferentially expressed by CD8+ TRM after vaccination in mice and also on intratumoral CD8+ TRM derived from human lung cancer. We also demonstrate that vaccination of Cxcr6-deficient mice induces a defect in the lung recruitment of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, preferentially in the TRM subsets. In addition, we found that intranasal vaccination with a cancer vaccine is less effective in these Cxcr6-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice, and this loss of efficacy is associated with decreased recruitment of local antitumor CD8+ TRM. Interestingly, intranasal, but not intramuscular vaccination induced higher and more sustained concentrations of CXCL16, compared with other chemokines, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and pulmonary parenchyma. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the in vivo role of CXCR6-CXCL16 axis in the migration of CD8+ resident memory T cells in lung mucosa after vaccination, resulting in the control of tumor growth. This work reinforces and explains why the intranasal route of vaccination is the most appropriate strategy for inducing these cells in the head and neck and pulmonary mucosa, which remains a major objective to overcome resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1, especially in cold tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Karaki
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Blanc
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Thi Tran
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Galy-Fauroux
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Alice Mougel
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Dransart
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Marie Anson
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Tanchot
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Lea Paolini
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Nadege Gruel
- INSERM U830, Equipe labellisée LNCC, Siredo Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Translational Research, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Laure Gibault
- Department of Pathology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Francoise Lepimpec-Barhes
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, INSERM UMRS 1138, APHP, Hôpital Europeen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Elizabeth Fabre
- Lung Oncology Unit, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Cecile Badoual
- Department of Pathology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Diane Damotte
- Department of Pathology, APHP, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Emmanuel Donnadieu
- Departement Immunologie, Inflammation et Infection, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munchen, Germany
- German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site, Munchen, Germany
| | - Fathia Mami-Chouaib
- INSERM UMR 1186, Institut Gustave Roussy, Faculté de Médecine-Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Rachel Golub
- Unit for Lymphopoiesis, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1223, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Immunology, APHP,Hôpital Europeen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
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46
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A meta-analysis uncovers the first sequence variant conferring risk of Bell's palsy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4188. [PMID: 33602968 PMCID: PMC7893061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82736-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bell's palsy is the most common cause of unilateral facial paralysis and is defined as an idiopathic and acute inability to control movements of the facial muscles on the affected side. While the pathogenesis remains unknown, previous studies have implicated post-viral inflammation and resulting compression of the facial nerve. Reported heritability estimates of 4-14% suggest a genetic component in the etiology and an autosomal dominant inheritance has been proposed. Here, we report findings from a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies uncovering the first unequivocal association with Bell's palsy (rs9357446-A; P = 6.79 × 10-23, OR = 1.23; Ncases = 4714, Ncontrols = 1,011,520). The variant also confers risk of intervertebral disc disorders (P = 2.99 × 10-11, OR = 1.04) suggesting a common pathogenesis in part or a true pleiotropy.
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47
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Qian Y, Zhu Y, Li Y, Li B. Legend of the Sentinels: Development of Lung Resident Memory T Cells and Their Roles in Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 11:624411. [PMID: 33603755 PMCID: PMC7884312 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.624411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is wreaking havoc around the world. To get the world back on track, hundreds of vaccines are under development. A deeper understanding of how the immune system responds to SARS-CoV-2 re-infection will certainly help. Studies have highlighted various aspects of T cell response in resolving acute infection and preventing re-infections. Lung resident memory T (TRM) cells are sentinels in the secondary immune response. They are mostly differentiated from effector T cells, construct specific niches and stay permanently in lung tissues. If the infection recurs, locally activated lung TRM cells can elicit rapid immune response against invading pathogens. In addition, they can significantly limit tumor growth or lead to pathologic immune responses. Vaccines targeting TRM cells are under development, with the hope to induce stable and highly reactive lung TRM cells through mucosal administration or "prime-and-pull" strategy. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in lung TRM cell generation and maintenance, explore their roles in different diseases and discuss how these cells may guide the development of future vaccines targeting infectious disease, cancer, and pathologic immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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48
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Fisher E, Padula L, Podack K, O’Neill K, Seavey MM, Jayaraman P, Jasuja R, Strbo N. Induction of SARS-CoV-2 Protein S-Specific CD8+ T Cells in the Lungs of gp96-Ig-S Vaccinated Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 11:602254. [PMID: 33584668 PMCID: PMC7873992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.602254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the aggressive spread of COVID-19-related deaths, there is an urgent public health need to support the development of vaccine candidates to rapidly improve the available control measures against SARS-CoV-2. To meet this need, we are leveraging our existing vaccine platform to target SARS-CoV-2. Here, we generated cellular heat shock chaperone protein, glycoprotein 96 (gp96), to deliver SARS-CoV-2 protein S (spike) to the immune system and to induce cell-mediated immune responses. We showed that our vaccine platform effectively stimulates a robust cellular immune response against protein S. Moreover, we confirmed that gp96-Ig, secreted from allogeneic cells expressing full-length protein S, generates powerful, protein S polyepitope-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in both lung interstitium and airways. These findings were further strengthened by the observation that protein-S -specific CD8+ T cells were induced in human leukocyte antigen HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice thus providing encouraging translational data that the vaccine is likely to work in humans, in the context of SARS-CoV-2 antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Fisher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Laura Padula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Kristin Podack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Katelyn O’Neill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | | | - Rahul Jasuja
- Heat Biologics, Inc., Morrisville, NC, United States
| | - Natasa Strbo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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49
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Agresti N, Lalezari JP, Amodeo PP, Mody K, Mosher SF, Seethamraju H, Kelly SA, Pourhassan NZ, Sudduth CD, Bovinet C, ElSharkawi AE, Patterson BK, Stephen R, Sacha JB, Wu HL, Gross SA, Dhody K. Disruption of CCR5 signaling to treat COVID-19-associated cytokine storm: Case series of four critically ill patients treated with leronlimab. J Transl Autoimmun 2021; 4:100083. [PMID: 33521616 PMCID: PMC7823045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. The number of confirmed cases of infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19 continues to escalate with over 70 million confirmed cases and over 1.6 million confirmed deaths. Severe-to-critical COVID-19 is associated with a dysregulated host immune response to the virus, which is thought to lead to pathogenic immune dysregulation and end-organ damage. Presently few effective treatment options are available to treat COVID-19. Leronlimab is a humanized IgG4, kappa monoclonal antibody that blocks C–C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5). It has been shown that in patients with severe COVID-19 treatment with leronlimab reduces elevated plasma IL-6 and chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), and normalized CD4/CD8 ratios. We administered leronlimab to 4 critically ill COVID-19 patients in intensive care. All 4 of these patients improved clinically as measured by vasopressor support, and discontinuation of hemodialysis and mechanical ventilation. Following administration of leronlimab there was a statistically significant decrease in IL-6 observed in patient A (p=0.034) from day 0–7 and patient D (p=0.027) from day 0–14. This corresponds to restoration of the immune function as measured by CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio. Although two of the patients went on to survive the other two subsequently died of surgical complications after an initial recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Leronlimab is a monoclonal antibody in clinical trials to treat the cytokine storm. Critically ill patients received leronlimab through compassionate use and had remarkable recoveries measured objectively. The CCR5 receptor is important in recruiting inflammatory cells mainly T cells and macrophages. Leronlimab disrupted this signal and may have been responsible for restoration of the immune system, improved survival and decrease in IL-6.
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Key Words
- ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- BID, bis in die (twice a day)
- CCL2, chemokine C–C motif ligand 2
- CCL3, chemokine C–C motif ligand 3
- CCL4, chemokine C–C motif ligand 4
- CCL5, chemokine C–C motif ligand 5
- CCR1, C–C chemokine receptor type 1
- CCR5, C–C chemokine receptor type 5
- CDC, Centers for Disease Control
- CK, creatine kinase
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CXCL10, chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 10
- CXCL2, chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 2
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
- DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4
- DVT, deep vein thrombosis
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- Fi02, fraction of inspired oxygen, IgG4
- Hydroxychloroquine, HLH
- Leronlimab (PRO 140)
- Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, MIG
- National Early Warning Score, NK
- RO, receptor occupancy
- RT–PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
- SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- T-reg RO, regulatory T cells – receptor occupancy
- TGF- α, transforming growth factor alpha
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- TNF-β, tumor necrosis factor beta
- Tregs, regulatory T cells
- VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A
- WBC, white blood cell
- WHO, World Health Organization
- eIND, emergency investigational new drug application
- hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, HTN
- hypertension, ICU
- immunoglobulin G4, HCQ
- intensive care unit, IL-1β
- interferon gamma, IL-6
- interferon gamma-inducible protein (IP) 10 or CXCL10, LOA
- interleukin 1 beta, IFN-ƴ
- interleukin 6, IP-10
- letter of authorization, MCP
- macrophage Inflammatory Proteins 1-alpha, MIP-1β
- macrophage Inflammatory Proteins 1-beta, N/A
- macrophage colony stimulating factor, MDC (CCL22)
- macrophage colony-stimulating factor encoded by the CCL22 gene, MERS-CoV
- monocyte chemoattractant protein, M-CSF
- monokine induced by IFN-γ (interferon gamma), MIP-1α
- natural killer, OSA
- not applicable, NEWS2
- obstructive sleep apnea, PDGF-AA
- per os (taken by mouth), RANTES
- platelet-derived growth factor AA, PDGF-AA/BB
- platelet-derived growth factor AA/BB, PEEP
- positive end-expiratory pressure, PNA
- pulmonary nodular amyloidosis, po
- regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (also known as CCL5)
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Agresti
- Southeast Georgia Health System, 2415 Parkwood Drive, Brunswick, GA, 31520, USA
| | | | - Phillip P Amodeo
- Southeast Georgia Health System, 2415 Parkwood Drive, Brunswick, GA, 31520, USA
| | - Kabir Mody
- Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 3222, USA
| | - Steven F Mosher
- Southeast Georgia Health System, 2415 Parkwood Drive, Brunswick, GA, 31520, USA
| | - Harish Seethamraju
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein University, 1695A Eastchester Rd, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Scott A Kelly
- CytoDyn, 1111 Main Street, Suite 660 Vancouver, WA, 98660, USA
| | | | - C David Sudduth
- Southeast Georgia Health System, 2415 Parkwood Drive, Brunswick, GA, 31520, USA
| | - Christopher Bovinet
- Spine Center of Southeast Georgia, 1111 Glynco Pkwy Ste 300, Brunswick, GA, 31525, USA
| | - Ahmed E ElSharkawi
- Southeast Georgia Health System, 2415 Parkwood Drive, Brunswick, GA, 31520, USA
| | | | - Reejis Stephen
- Southeast Georgia Health System, 2415 Parkwood Drive, Brunswick, GA, 31520, USA
| | - Jonah B Sacha
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Helen L Wu
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Seth A Gross
- NYU Langone Gastroenterology Associates, 240 East 38th Street, 23rd Floor New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Kush Dhody
- Amarex Clinical Research, 20201 Century Blvd, Germantown, MD, 20874, USA
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50
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Alon R, Sportiello M, Kozlovski S, Kumar A, Reilly EC, Zarbock A, Garbi N, Topham DJ. Leukocyte trafficking to the lungs and beyond: lessons from influenza for COVID-19. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:49-64. [PMID: 33214719 PMCID: PMC7675406 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Understanding of the fundamental processes underlying the versatile clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is incomplete without comprehension of how different immune cells are recruited to various compartments of virus-infected lungs, and how this recruitment differs among individuals with different levels of disease severity. As in other respiratory infections, leukocyte recruitment to the respiratory system in people with COVID-19 is orchestrated by specific leukocyte trafficking molecules, and when uncontrolled and excessive it results in various pathological complications, both in the lungs and in other organs. In the absence of experimental data from physiologically relevant animal models, our knowledge of the trafficking signals displayed by distinct vascular beds and epithelial cell layers in response to infection by SARS-CoV-2 is still incomplete. However, SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus elicit partially conserved inflammatory responses in the different respiratory epithelial cells encountered early in infection and may trigger partially overlapping combinations of trafficking signals in nearby blood vessels. Here, we review the molecular signals orchestrating leukocyte trafficking to airway and lung compartments during primary pneumotropic influenza virus infections and discuss potential similarities to distinct courses of primary SARS-CoV-2 infections. We also discuss how an imbalance in vascular activation by leukocytes outside the airways and lungs may contribute to extrapulmonary inflammatory complications in subsets of patients with COVID-19. These multiple molecular pathways are potential targets for therapeutic interventions in patients with severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Mike Sportiello
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Stav Kozlovski
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ashwin Kumar
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Emma C Reilly
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Experimental Immunology Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - David J Topham
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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