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Borges R, Bandeira CCS, Zerbinati RM, Palmieri M, Schwab G, Henrique Braz-Silva P, A L Lindoso J, Martinho H. Infrared spectroscopy as a predictive tool for the severity of COVID-19 using patient's saliva: A strategy to avoid hyperinflammation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 317:124320. [PMID: 38718743 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Discriminate the severity level of COVID-19 disease is still a challenge. Here we investigate the capability of micro-infrared absorption spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) to probe COVID-19 severity level and predict hyperinflammation, correlating the assigned vibrational data to relevant biomolecules related to the immune system. Saliva of 184 patients was analysed by ELISA assay (Hepcidin) and micro-FTIR. Vibrational bands related to IgM and IgA can discriminate healthy from Severe individuals (sensitivity ≥ 0.749, specificity ≥ 0.945) and are less effective in discriminating Mild or Moderate individuals from the Severe group (sensitivity ≥ 0.628, specificity ≥ 0.867). Analysis of the second derivative of spectra probed increased levels of IL-6 in the saliva a key additional information for the degree of severity prediction. Because the model discriminates all the groups regarding the Severe group, it predicts an intense state of inflammation based on FTIR analysis. It is a powerful tool for predicting hyperinflammation conditions related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and may be an ally in implementing drugs or therapeutic approaches to manage COVID-19 in the Severe stage in healthcare facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Borges
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Brazil; School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Brazil
| | - Carla C S Bandeira
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M Zerbinati
- Institute of Infectious Diseases Emílio Ribas, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle Palmieri
- Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Schwab
- Institute of Infectious Diseases Emílio Ribas, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Institute of Infectious Diseases Emílio Ribas, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Brazil
| | - José A L Lindoso
- Institute of Infectious Diseases Emílio Ribas, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Herculano Martinho
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Brazil.
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Peixoto RF, de Sousa Palmeira PH, Csordas BG, Cavalcante-Silva LHA, de Andrade AG, de Medeiros IA, de Lourdes Assunção Araújo de Azevedo F, Veras RC, Janebro D, Do Amaral IPG, Keesen TSL. Predominance of CD137 + And TNF-α Expressing CD8 + Central Memory T Cells in Mild COVID-19 Recovered Patients Upon SARS-CoV-2 Re-Exposure. Immunol Invest 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38994913 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2376003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Memory CD8+ T cells are essential for long-term immune protection in viral infections, including COVID-19. METHODS This study examined the responses of CD8+ TEM, TEMRA, and TCM subsets from unvaccinated individuals who had recovered from mild and severe COVID-19 by flow cytometry. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The peptides triggered a higher frequency of CD8+ TCM cells in the recovered mild group. CD8+ TCM and TEM cells showed heterogeneity in CD137 expression between evaluated groups. In addition, a predominance of CD137 expression in naïve CD8+ T cells, TCM, and TEM was observed in the mild recovered group when stimulated with peptides. Furthermore, CD8+ TCM and TEM cell subsets from mild recovered volunteers had higher TNF-α expression. In contrast, the expression partner of IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-17 indicated an antiviral signature by CD8+ TEMRA cells. These findings underscore the distinct functional capabilities of each memory T cell subset in individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 upon re-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rephany Fonseca Peixoto
- Immunology Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique de Sousa Palmeira
- Immunology Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Guimarães Csordas
- Immunology Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Agra Cavalcante-Silva
- Immunology Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Arthur Gomes de Andrade
- Immunology Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Daniele Janebro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ian P G Do Amaral
- Biotechnology Graduation Program, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Tatjana Souza Lima Keesen
- Immunology Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Baral B, Saini V, Kandpal M, Kundu P, Dixit AK, Parmar HS, Meena AK, Trivedi P, Jha HC. The interplay of co-infections in shaping COVID-19 severity: Expanding the scope beyond SARS-CoV-2. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:102486. [PMID: 39002466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
High mortality has been reported in severe cases of COVID-19. Emerging reports suggested that the severity is not only due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, but also due to coinfections by other pathogens exhibiting symptoms like COVID-19. During the COVID-19 pandemic, simultaneous respiratory coinfections with various viral (Retroviridae, Flaviviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, and Picoviridae) and bacterial (Mycobacteriaceae, Mycoplasmataceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Helicobacteraceae) families have been observed. These pathogens intensify disease severity by potentially augmenting SARSCoV-2 replication, inflammation, and modulation of signaling pathways. Coinfection emerges as a critical determinant of COVID-19 severity, principally instigated by heightened pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, as cytokine storm. Thereby, in co-infection scenario, the severity is also driven by the modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways by both pathogens possibly associated with interleukin, interferon, and cell death exacerbating the severity. In the current review, we attempt to understand the role of co- infections by other pathogens and their involvement in the severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Budhadev Baral
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vaishali Saini
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Meenakshi Kandpal
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pratik Kundu
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dixit
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, 4-CN Block, Sector -V, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 091, India
| | - Hamendra Singh Parmar
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Takshashila Campus, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452001, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Meena
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Gwalior, Amkhoh, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474001, India
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India; Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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4
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Chittasupho C, Umsumarng S, Srisawad K, Arjsri P, Phongpradist R, Samee W, Tingya W, Ampasavate C, Dejkriengkraikul P. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Lung Cell Inflammation by Triphala-Loaded Nanoparticle Targeting Spike Glycoprotein S1. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:751. [PMID: 38931873 PMCID: PMC11206841 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, poses a significant global health threat. The spike glycoprotein S1 of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is known to induce the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, contributing to hyperinflammation in COVID-19 patients. Triphala, an ancient Ayurvedic remedy composed of dried fruits from three plant species-Emblica officinalis (Family Euphorbiaceae), Terminalia bellerica (Family Combretaceae), and Terminalia chebula (Family Combretaceae)-shows promise in addressing inflammation. However, the limited water solubility of its ethanolic extract impedes its bioavailability. In this study, we aimed to develop nanoparticles loaded with Triphala extract, termed "nanotriphala", as a drug delivery system. Additionally, we investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory properties of nanotriphala and its major compounds, namely gallic acid, chebulagic acid, and chebulinic acid, in lung epithelial cells (A549) induced by CoV2-SP. The nanotriphala formulation was prepared using the solvent displacement method. The encapsulation efficiency of Triphala in nanotriphala was determined to be 87.96 ± 2.60% based on total phenolic content. In terms of in vitro release, nanotriphala exhibited a biphasic release profile with zero-order kinetics over 0-8 h. A549 cells were treated with nanotriphala or its active compounds and then induced with 100 ng/mL of spike S1 subunit (CoV2-SP). The results demonstrate that chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid are the active compounds in nanotriphala, which significantly reduced cytokine release (IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-18) and suppressed the expression of inflammatory genes (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18, and NLRP3) (p < 0.05). Mechanistically, nanotriphala and its active compounds notably attenuated the expression of inflammasome machinery proteins (NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the nanoparticle formulation of Triphala enhances its stability and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties against CoV2-SP-induction. This was achieved by suppressing inflammatory mediators and the NLRP3 inflammasome machinery. Thus, nanotriphala holds promise as a supportive preventive anti-inflammatory therapy for COVID-19-related chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuda Chittasupho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.C.); (R.P.); (W.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Sonthaya Umsumarng
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Srisawad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.S.); (P.A.)
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Punnida Arjsri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Rungsinee Phongpradist
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.C.); (R.P.); (W.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Weerasak Samee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand;
| | - Wipawan Tingya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.C.); (R.P.); (W.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Chadarat Ampasavate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.C.); (R.P.); (W.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Pornngarm Dejkriengkraikul
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.S.); (P.A.)
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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ZHU R, ZHANG J, LYU Y, CHEN Y, HAN S, WANG H. Efficacy of substances containing 3 types of active ingredients-saponins, flavones, and alkaloids in regulation of cytokines in autoimmune diseases a systematic review and Meta-analysis based on animal studies. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2024; 44:417-426. [PMID: 38767625 PMCID: PMC11077143 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20240402.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of substances containing 3 types of active ingredients-saponins, flavones, and alkaloids on experimental animals with autoimmune diseases (AIDs). METHODS The protocol for this systematic review and Meta-analysis was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023395741). Searches were conducted in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Science and Technology Journals, China Biomedical, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases to screen for animal studies investigating the therapeutic effects of saponins, flavones, or alkaloids on autoimmune diseases; consequently, corresponding data extraction tables were prepared. Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation was used to assess the risk of methodological bias in the included literature. RevMan 5.4 was used for the Meta-analysis on the 8 serum cytokines. RESULTS A total of 31 studies were included, all of which were randomized controlled studies. Meta-analysis indicated that substances rich in saponins, flavones, and alkaloids reduced serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) (-2.99, -0.90), P = 0.0003], IL-6 [SMD = -1.65, 95% CI (-2.33, -0.97,) P < 0.000 01], IL-17 [SMD = -2.41, 95% CI (-3.61, -1.20), P < 0.0001], tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α [SMD = -1.84, 95% CI (-2.61, -1.06), P < 0.0001], and interferon (IFN)-γ [SMD = -1.54, 95% CI (-2.43, -0.65), P = 0.0007], but increased serum levels of IL-4 [SMD = 1.30, 95% CI (0.15, 2.44), P = 0.03) and IL-10 [SMD = 2.05, 95% CI (1.39, 2.70), P < 0.000 01) in animal models. However, no significant regulatory effect of these three active components was observed on serum levels of IL-2 [SMD = -0.63, 95% CI (-1.82, 0.57), P = 0.30]. CONCLUTIONS Substances containing saponins, flavones, and alkaloids regulated the changes of immune-related cytokines, it may be a novel dietary substance to relieve and control autoimmune diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang ZHU
- 1 Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematologic Diseases, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
- 3 Editorial Office, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Jun ZHANG
- 2 School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yaru LYU
- 2 School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yulu CHEN
- 2 School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Shifan HAN
- 3 Editorial Office, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Hongwei WANG
- 1 Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematologic Diseases, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
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Lukhna K, do Carmo HRP, Castillo AR, Davidson SM, Geffen H, Giesz S, Golforoush P, Bovi TG, Gorag D, Salama A, Imamdin A, Kalkhoran S, Lecour S, Perroud MW, Ntsekhe M, Sposito AC, Yellon DM. Effect of Remote Ischaemic Conditioning on the Inflammatory Cytokine Cascade of COVID-19 (RIC in COVID-19): a Randomized Controlled Trial. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024; 38:433-445. [PMID: 36445625 PMCID: PMC9707178 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 may develop a hyperinflammatory, dysregulated cytokine "storm" that rapidly progresses to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction, and even death. Remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) has elicited anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective benefits by reducing cytokines following sepsis in animal studies. Therefore, we investigated whether RIC would mitigate the inflammatory cytokine cascade induced by COVID-19. METHODS We conducted a prospective, multicentre, randomized, sham-controlled, single-blind trial in Brazil and South Africa. Non-critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive either RIC (intermittent ischaemia/reperfusion applied through four 5-min cycles of inflation (20 mmHg above systolic blood pressure) and deflation of an automated blood-pressure cuff) or sham for approximately 15 days. Serum was collected following RIC/sham administration and analyzed for inflammatory cytokines using flow cytometry. The endpoint was the change in serum cytokine concentrations. Participants were followed for 30 days. RESULTS Eighty randomized participants (40 RIC and 40 sham) completed the trial. Baseline characteristics according to trial intervention were overall balanced. Despite downward trajectories of all cytokines across hospitalization, we observed no substantial changes in cytokine concentrations after successive days of RIC. Time to clinical improvement was similar in both groups (HR 1.66; 95% CI, 0.938-2.948, p 0.08). Overall RIC did not demonstrate a significant impact on the composite outcome of all-cause death or clinical deterioration (HR 1.19; 95% CI, 0.616-2.295, p = 0.61). CONCLUSION RIC did not reduce the hypercytokinaemia induced by COVID-19 or prevent clinical deterioration to critical care. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04699227.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishal Lukhna
- Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Helison R P do Carmo
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Hayli Geffen
- Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sara Giesz
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Pelin Golforoush
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Ticiane Gonçalez Bovi
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Diana Gorag
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alan Salama
- Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- The Royal Free Hospital, University College London, Pond St, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Aqeela Imamdin
- Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Siavash Kalkhoran
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mauricio W Perroud
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mpiko Ntsekhe
- Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrei C Sposito
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.
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Serhan CN, Bäck M, Chiurchiù V, Hersberger M, Mittendorfer B, Calder PC, Waitzberg DL, Stoppe C, Klek S, Martindale RG. Expert consensus report on lipid mediators: Role in resolution of inflammation and muscle preservation. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23699. [PMID: 38805158 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400619r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This meeting report presents a consensus on the biological aspects of lipid emulsions in parenteral nutrition, emphasizing the unanimous support for the integration of lipid emulsions, particularly those containing fish oil, owing to their many potential benefits beyond caloric provision. Lipid emulsions have evolved from simple energy sources to complex formulations designed to improve safety profiles and offer therapeutic benefits. The consensus highlights the critical role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), notably eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), found in fish oil and other marine oils, for their anti-inflammatory properties, muscle mass preservation, and as precursors to the specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). SPMs play a significant role in immune modulation, tissue repair, and the active resolution of inflammation without impairing host defense mechanisms. The panel's agreement underscores the importance of incorporating fish oil within clinical practices to facilitate recovery in conditions like surgery, critical illness, or immobility, while cautioning against therapies that might disrupt natural inflammation resolution processes. This consensus not only reaffirms the role of specific lipid components in enhancing patient outcomes, but also suggests a shift towards nutrition-based therapeutic strategies in clinical settings, advocating for the proactive evidence-based use of lipid emulsions enriched with omega-3 PUFAs. Furthermore, we should seek to apply our knowledge concerning DHA, EPA, and their SPM derivatives, to produce more informative randomized controlled trial protocols, thus allowing more authoritative clinical recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- INSERM U1116, Université de Lorraine, Nancy University Hospital, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, European Center for Brain Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Mittendorfer
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Nutrition & Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Philip C Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Dan L Waitzberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas LIM 35, Ganep-Human Nutrition, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency, and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stanislaw Klek
- Surgical Oncology Clinic, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Cancer Institute, Krakow, Poland
| | - Robert G Martindale
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Kumar A, Tripathi P, Kumar P, Shekhar R, Pathak R. From Detection to Protection: Antibodies and Their Crucial Role in Diagnosing and Combatting SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:459. [PMID: 38793710 PMCID: PMC11125746 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is crucial to comprehending disease progression and the significance of vaccine and therapeutic development. The emergence of highly contagious variants poses a significant challenge to humoral immunity, underscoring the necessity of grasping the intricacies of specific antibodies. This review emphasizes the pivotal role of antibodies in shaping immune responses and their implications for diagnosing, preventing, and treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. It delves into the kinetics and characteristics of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 and explores current antibody-based diagnostics, discussing their strengths, clinical utility, and limitations. Furthermore, we underscore the therapeutic potential of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, discussing various antibody-based therapies such as monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, anti-cytokines, convalescent plasma, and hyperimmunoglobulin-based therapies. Moreover, we offer insights into antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, emphasizing the significance of neutralizing antibodies in order to confer immunity to SARS-CoV-2, along with emerging variants of concern (VOCs) and circulating Omicron subvariants. We also highlight challenges in the field, such as the risks of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and shed light on the challenges associated with the original antigenic sin (OAS) effect and long COVID. Overall, this review intends to provide valuable insights, which are crucial to advancing sensitive diagnostic tools, identifying efficient antibody-based therapeutics, and developing effective vaccines to combat the evolving threat of SARS-CoV-2 variants on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, National Institute of Biologicals, Noida 201309, India
| | - Prajna Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA;
| | - Prashant Kumar
- R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Ritu Shekhar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Rajiv Pathak
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
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9
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Fagbohun OF, Thilakarathna WPDW, Zhou J, Lehmann C, Jiao G, Rupasinghe HPV. Sea Cucumber and Blueberry Extracts Suppress Inflammation and Reduce Acute Lung Injury through the Regulation of NF-κB/MAPK/JNK Signaling Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated C57BL/6 Mice. Molecules 2024; 29:1511. [PMID: 38611791 PMCID: PMC11013731 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) represents a life-threatening condition with high morbidity and mortality despite modern mechanical ventilators and multiple pharmacological strategies. Therefore, there is a need to develop efficacious interventions with minimal side effects. The anti-inflammatory activities of sea cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) and wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) extracts have been reported recently. However, their anti-inflammatory activities and the mechanism of action against ALI are not fully elucidated. Thus, the present study aims to understand the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of sea cucumber and wild blueberry extracts in the context of ALI. Experimental ALI was induced via intranasal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation in C57BL/6 mice and the anti-inflammatory properties were determined by cytokine analysis, histological examination, western blot, and qRT-PCR. The results showed that oral supplementation of sea cucumber extracts repressed nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, thereby downregulating the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the lung tissue and in the plasma. Wild blueberry extracts also suppressed the expression of IL-4. Furthermore, the combination of sea cucumber and wild blueberry extracts restrained MAPK signaling pathways by prominent attenuation of phosphorylation of NF-κB, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) while the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly suppressed. Moreover, there was a significant and synergistic reduction in varying degrees of ALI lesions such as distorted parenchyma, increased alveoli thickness, lymphocyte and neutrophil infiltrations, fibrin deposition, pulmonary emphysema, pneumonia, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, and edema. The anti-inflammatory effect of the combination of sea cucumber and wild blueberry extracts is associated with suppressing MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, thereby significantly reducing cytokine storm in LPS-induced experimental ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo F. Fagbohun
- Department Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada; (O.F.F.); (W.P.D.W.T.)
- Department of Biology, Center for Agriculture and Sciences, Wilmington College, 1870 Quaker Way, Wilmington, OH 45177, USA
| | - Wasitha P. D. W. Thilakarathna
- Department Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada; (O.F.F.); (W.P.D.W.T.)
| | - Juan Zhou
- Departments of Anaesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (J.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Departments of Anaesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (J.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Guangling Jiao
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| | - H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada; (O.F.F.); (W.P.D.W.T.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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10
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Zhang W, Gorelik AJ, Wang Q, Norton SA, Hershey T, Agrawal A, Bijsterbosch JD, Bogdan R. Associations between COVID-19 and putative markers of neuroinflammation: A diffusion basis spectrum imaging study. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 36:100722. [PMID: 38298902 PMCID: PMC10825665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 remains a significant international public health concern. Yet, the mechanisms through which symptomatology emerges remain poorly understood. While SARS-CoV-2 infection may induce prolonged inflammation within the central nervous system, the evidence primarily stems from limited small-scale case investigations. To address this gap, our study capitalized on longitudinal UK Biobank neuroimaging data acquired prior to and following COVID-19 testing (N = 416 including n = 224 COVID-19 cases; Mage = 58.6). Putative neuroinflammation was assessed in gray matter structures and white matter tracts using non-invasive Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging (DBSI), which estimates inflammation-related cellularity (DBSI-restricted fraction; DBSI-RF) and vasogenic edema (DBSI-hindered fraction; DBSI-HF). We hypothesized that COVID-19 case status would be associated with increases in DBSI markers after accounting for potential confound (age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking frequency, and data acquisition interval) and multiple testing. COVID-19 case status was not significantly associated with DBSI-RF (|β|'s < 0.28, pFDR >0.05), but with greater DBSI-HF in left pre- and post-central gyri and right middle frontal gyrus (β's > 0.3, all pFDR = 0.03). Intriguingly, the brain areas exhibiting increased putative vasogenic edema had previously been linked to COVID-19-related functional and structural alterations, whereas brain regions displaying subtle differences in cellularity between COVID-19 cases and controls included regions within or functionally connected to the olfactory network, which has been implicated in COVID-19 psychopathology. Nevertheless, our study might not have captured acute and transitory neuroinflammatory effects linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection, possibly due to symptom resolution before the imaging scan. Future research is warranted to explore the potential time- and symptom-dependent neuroinflammatory relationship with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Aaron J. Gorelik
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Qing Wang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sara A. Norton
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tamara Hershey
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Janine D. Bijsterbosch
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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11
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Manfrini N, Notarbartolo S, Grifantini R, Pesce E. SARS-CoV-2: A Glance at the Innate Immune Response Elicited by Infection and Vaccination. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:13. [PMID: 38390874 PMCID: PMC10885122 DOI: 10.3390/antib13010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to almost seven million deaths worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 causes infection through respiratory transmission and can occur either without any symptoms or with clinical manifestations which can be mild, severe or, in some cases, even fatal. Innate immunity provides the initial defense against the virus by sensing pathogen-associated molecular patterns and triggering signaling pathways that activate the antiviral and inflammatory responses, which limit viral replication and help the identification and removal of infected cells. However, temporally dysregulated and excessive activation of the innate immune response is deleterious for the host and associates with severe COVID-19. In addition to its defensive role, innate immunity is pivotal in priming the adaptive immune response and polarizing its effector function. This capacity is relevant in the context of both SARS-CoV-2 natural infection and COVID-19 vaccination. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the innate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Manfrini
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Samuele Notarbartolo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Renata Grifantini
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy
- CheckmAb Srl, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Pesce
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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12
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Zhang S, Yuan M, He D, Dang W, Zhang W. Long-term follow-up of brain regional changes and the association with cognitive impairment in quarantined COVID-19 survivors. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-023-01741-4. [PMID: 38319396 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the neuropsychiatric symptoms of quarantined COVID-19 survivors 15 months after discharge and explore its potential association with structural and functional brain changes and inflammation. METHODS A total of 51 quarantined COVID-19 survivors and 74 healthy controls were included in this study. Cognitive function was assessed using the THINC-integrated tool. Structural brain changes were examined through both surface- and volume-based analyses, and functional changes were assessed using resting-state amplitude low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF). Serum inflammatory markers were measured by a multiplexed flow cytometric assay. RESULTS COVID-19 survivors exhibited subjective cognitive decline compared to healthy controls, despite no significant differences in objective cognitive tasks. Structural analysis revealed significantly increased gray matter volume and cortical surface area in the left transverse temporal gyrus (Heschl's gyrus) in quarantined COVID-19 survivors. This enlargement was negatively correlated with cognitive impairment. The ALFF analysis showed decreased neural activity in multiple brain regions. Elevated levels of serum inflammatory markers were also found in COVID-19 survivors, including MIP-1a, MIP-1b, TNF-a, and IL-8, which correlated with functional abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate a subjective cognitive decline in quarantined COVID-19 survivors 15 months after discharge, which is associated with brain structural alterations in the left Heschl's gyrus. The observed elevation of inflammatory markers suggests a potential mechanism involving inflammation-induced neurogenesis. These results contribute to our understanding of the possible mechanisms underlying long-term neuropsychiatric consequences of COVID-19 and highlight the need for further research to develop targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simai Zhang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Minlan Yuan
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Danmei He
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wen Dang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Street, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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13
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Lu MK, Lee MH, Chao CH, Hsu YC. Sodium sulfate addition increases the bioresource of biologically active sulfated polysaccharides from Antrodia cinnamomea. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128699. [PMID: 38092106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Fungal sulfated polysaccharides (SPS) have been used in the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, sodium sulfate was employed as an elicitor to induce stress on the mycelia of Antrodia cinnamomea for the biosynthesis of SPS with high sulfate content. Sodium sulfate treatments increased the yield of SPS to 4.46 % and increased the sulfate content to 6.8 mmol/g of SPS. SPS were extracted from A. cinnamomea cultured with 500 mM sodium sulfate; these SPSs are denoted as Na500. Na500 exhibited the highest sulfate content and dose-dependent inhibitory activity against LPS-induced production of macrophage interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Mechanistically, Na500 hindered the phosphorylation of transforming growth factor-β receptor II (TGFRII), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), and protein kinase B (AKT) expression. A purified 7.79 kDa galactoglucan, Na500 F3, augmented the anti-inflammation activity by inhibiting LPS-induced TGFβ release. Additionally, Na500 F3 restrained the LPS-induced phosphorylation of p-38, ERK, AKT, and TGFRII in RAW264.7 cells. Na500 F3 impeded the proliferation of lung cancer H1975 cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, ERK, and Slug. The anti-inflammation and anticancer properties of Antrodia SPS contribute to its health benefits, suggesting its utility in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, 252 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Beitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Hsin Lee
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsein Chao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Hsu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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14
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Sundar PM, Gurusamy U, Natarajan L. Maternal COVID-19 infection and intrauterine fetal death: Impact on the placenta and fetus. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155139. [PMID: 38301365 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placental damage due to viral infections increases risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Histopathologic examination of placenta can provide information regarding association between infection and outcome. There is paucity of data describing placental pathology with respect to intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) in pregnant mothers affected with COVID-19. METHODS 4 fetuses and 10 placentas, including one twin placenta from 9 women with history of IUFD and SARS-CoV-2 infection underwent evaluation. These findings were contrasted with 3 fetuses and 21 gestational age matched placentas from non-infected women with history of IUFD. RESULTS Extensive gross placental lesions, mixture of histologic features (maternal/ fetal vascular malperfusion) and isolated cases of massive perivillous fibrin depositon and chronic intervillositis were observed in COVID-IUFD group. There were no distinguishing histologic findings when compared to control. Three fetuses showed signs of intraventricular/intraparenchymal hemorrhage in autopsy. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that IUFD does not correspond with maternal symptoms and lacks distinctive lesion. However, there was significant placental damage which developed rapidly. These results show that SARS-CoV-2 infection results in rapid placental deterioration and fetal death. This information can be used to educate infected mothers and remind medical professionals, value of monitoring placental function especially following diagnosis of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Umamaheswari Gurusamy
- Department of Pathology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India
| | - Lalitha Natarajan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India.
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15
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Petakh P, Kamyshna I, Kamyshnyi A. Gene expression of protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 (PRKAA1), solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) in metformin-treated type 2 diabetes patients with COVID-19: impact on inflammation markers. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:885-891. [PMID: 37773574 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a global health crisis that has severely impacted patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D patients have a higher risk of experiencing severe COVID-19 symptoms, hospitalization, and mortality compared to patients without diabetes. The dysregulated immune response in T2D patients can exacerbate the severity of COVID-19 symptoms. Insulin therapy, a common treatment for T2D patients, has been linked to increased mortality in COVID-19 patients with T2D. However, metformin, an anti-diabetic medication, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties that may mitigate the cytokine storm observed in severe COVID-19 cases. In this study, we investigated how the PRKAA1, SLC2A1, and MTOR genes contribute to inflammation markers in COVID-19 patients with T2D, who were receiving either insulin or metformin therapy. Our findings revealed that metformin treatment was associated with reduced expression of genes involved in Th1/Th17 cell differentiation. These results suggest that metformin could be a potential treatment option for T2D patients with COVID-19 due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which may improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Petakh
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine.
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, 46001, Ukraine.
| | - Iryna Kamyshna
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Aleksandr Kamyshnyi
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, 46001, Ukraine.
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16
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Degenfeld-Schonburg L, Sadovnik I, Smiljkovic D, Peter B, Stefanzl G, Gstoettner C, Jaksch P, Hoetzenecker K, Aigner C, Radtke C, Arock M, Sperr WR, Valent P. Coronavirus Receptor Expression Profiles in Human Mast Cells, Basophils, and Eosinophils. Cells 2024; 13:173. [PMID: 38247864 PMCID: PMC10814915 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A major problem in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients is the massive tissue inflammation in certain target organs, including the lungs. Mast cells (MC), basophils (BA), and eosinophils (EO) are key effector cells in inflammatory processes. These cells have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infections. We explored coronavirus receptor (CoV-R) expression profiles in primary human MC, BA, and EO, and in related cell lines (HMC-1, ROSA, MCPV-1, KU812, and EOL-1). As determined using flow cytometry, primary MC, BA, and EO, and their corresponding cell lines, displayed the CoV-R CD13 and CD147. Primary skin MC and BA, as well as EOL-1 cells, also displayed CD26, whereas primary EO and the MC and BA cell lines failed to express CD26. As assessed using qPCR, most cell lines expressed transcripts for CD13, CD147, and ABL2, whereas ACE2 mRNA was not detectable, and CD26 mRNA was only identified in EOL-1 cells. We also screened for drug effects on CoV-R expression. However, dexamethasone, vitamin D, and hydroxychloroquine did not exert substantial effects on the expression of CD13, CD26, or CD147 in the cells. Together, MC, BA, and EO express distinct CoV-R profiles. Whether these receptors mediate virus-cell interactions and thereby virus-induced inflammation remains unknown at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Degenfeld-Schonburg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.D.-S.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Irina Sadovnik
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.D.-S.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dubravka Smiljkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.D.-S.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Peter
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Stefanzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.D.-S.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Gstoettner
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Jaksch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (C.A.)
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (C.A.)
| | - Clemens Aigner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (C.A.)
| | - Christine Radtke
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michel Arock
- Laboratory of Hematology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75651 Paris, France;
| | - Wolfgang R. Sperr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.D.-S.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.D.-S.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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17
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Kang Y, Lu S, Zhong R, You J, Chen J, Li L, Huang R, Xie Y, Chen F, Chen J, Chen L. The immune inflammation factors associated with disease severity and poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23583. [PMID: 38173531 PMCID: PMC10761779 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with immune dysregulation and cytokine storm. It is essential to explore the immune response characteristics of peripheral circulation in COVID-19 patients to reveal pathogenesis and predict disease progression. In this study, the levels of total immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA), complement (C3, C4),lymphocyte subsets (CD3+ cell,CD4+ cell,CD8+ cell, NK cell, CD19+ cell and CD45+ cell) and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-12p, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-α and IFN-γ) were retrospectively analyzed in COVID-19 patients. A total of 513 patients were enrolled in this study, cases were distributed according to clinical status as mild or moderate (n = 212), severe survivors (n = 197) and severe non-survivors (n = 104). IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IFN-γ were increased in severe patients compared with non-severe patients, despite decreased CD45+ cell, CD3+ cell, CD4+ cell, CD8+ cell, CD19+ cell, and NK cell. Compared with severe survivors, the levels of L-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in non-survivors increased significantly, and levels of C3, CD45+ cell, CD3+ cell,CD4+ cell,CD8+ cell, and NK cell decreased. Moreover, age, IL-8, IL-10, CD8+cells and NK cell were independent risk factors for the severity of COVID-19. Multivariable regression showed increasing odds ratio of in-hospital death associated with tumor, older age, higher IL-8 level, and decreasing odds ratio of in-hospital death associated with increased levels of CD8+cell and NK cell. Finally, patients with tumor, or high IL-6 or high IL-10 expression and lower CD8+ or lower NK levels exhibited a significantly shorter survival time. In conclusion, our study provides findings of the immunological characteristics associated with disease severity to predict the progression of COVID-19. The immune inflammation factors, such as IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CD8+ cell and NK cell, could serve as excellent biomarkers for monitoring or predicting COVID-19 progression therapeutic to COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Kang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shifa Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, JianOu Municipal Hospital of Fujian Province, Nanping, China
| | - Ruifang Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianbin You
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongbin Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, JianOu Municipal Hospital of Fujian Province, Nanping, China
| | - Yanyan Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Falin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangyuan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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18
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Elnosary ME, Shreadah MA, Ashour ML, Nabil-Adam A. Predictions based on inflammatory cytokine profiling of Egyptian COVID-19 with 2 potential therapeutic effects of certain marine-derived compounds. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111072. [PMID: 38006751 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS A worldwide coronavirus pandemic has affected many healthcare systems in 2019 (COVID-19). Following viral activation, cytokines and chemokines are released, causing inflammation and tissue death, particularly in the lungs, resulting in severe COVID-19 symptoms such as pneumonia and ARDS. COVID-19 induces the release of several chemokines and cytokines in different organs, such as the cardiovascular system and lungs. RESEARCH IDEA COVID-19 and its more severe effects, such as an elevated risk of death, are more common in patients with metabolic syndrome and the elderly. Cytokine storm and COVID-19 severity may be mitigated by immunomodulation targeting NF-κB activation in conjunction with TNF- α -inhibition. In severe cases of COVID-19, inhibiting the NF-κB/TNF- α, the pathway may be employed as a therapeutic option. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study will elaborate on the Egyptian pattern for COVID-19 patients in the first part of our study. An Egyptian patient with COVID-19 inflammatory profiling will be discussed in the second part of this article using approved marine drugs selected to inhabit the significant inflammatory signals. A biomarker profiling study is currently being performed on Egyptian patients with SARS-COV-2. According to the severity of the infection, participants were divided into four groups. The First Group was non-infected with SARS-CoV-2 (Control, n = 16), the Second Group was non-intensive care patients (non-ICU, n = 16), the Third Group was intensive care patients (ICU, n = 16), and the Fourth Group was ICU with endotracheal intubation (ICU + EI, n = 16). To investigate COVID-19 inflammatory biomarkers for Egyptian patients, several inflammatory, oxidative, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory biomarkers were measured. The following are examples of blood tests: CRP, Ferritin, D-dimer, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6., IL-Ib, CD8, NF-κB, MDA, and total antioxidants. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results of the current study revealed many logical findings, such as the elevation of CRP, Ferritin, D-dimer, TNF- α, CD8, IL-6, IL-, NF-κB, and MDA. Where a significant increase showed in ICU group results (23.05 ± 0.30, 2.35 ± 0.86, 433.4 ± 159.3, 26.67 ± 3.51, 7.52 ± 1.48, 7.49 ± 1.04, 5.76 ± 1.31, 7.41 ± 0.73) respectively, and also ICU group results (54.75 ± 3.44, 0.65 ± 0.13, 460.2 ± 121.42, 27.43 ± 2.52, 8.63 ± 2.68, 10.65 ± 2.75, 5.93 ± 1.4, 10.64 ± 0.86) respectively, as well as ICU + EI group results (117.63 ± 11.89, 1.22 ± 0.65, 918.8 ± 159.27, 26.68 ± 2.00, 6.68 ± 1.08, 11.68 ± 6.16, 6.23 ± 0.07, 22.41 ± 1.39),respectively.The elevation in laboratory biomarkers of cytokines storm in three infected groups with remarkable increases in the ICU + EI group was due to the elevation of oxidative stress and inflammatory storm molecules, which lead to highly inflammatory responses, specifically in severe patients of COVID-19. Another approach to be used in the current study is investigating new computational drug compounds for SARS-COV-2 protective agents from the marine environment. The results revealed that (Imatinib and Indinavir) had the highest affinity toward Inflammatory molecules and COVID-19 proteins (PDB ID: -7CZ4 and 7KJR), which may be used in the future as possible COVID-19 drug candidates. CONCLUSION The investigated inflammatory biomarkers in Egyptian COVID-19 patients showed a strong correlation between IL6, TNF-α, NF-κB, CRB, DHL, and ferritin as COVID-19 biomarkers and determined the severity of the infection. Also, the oxidative /antioxidant showed good biomarkers for infection recovery and progression of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Elnosary
- Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Attia Shreadah
- Marine Biotechnology and Natural Products Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, Egypt
| | - Mohamed L Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Asmaa Nabil-Adam
- Marine Biotechnology and Natural Products Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, Egypt.
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19
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Park JB. Methyl 2-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoylamino]-3-phenylpropanoate Is a Potent Cell-Permeable Anti-Cytokine Compound To Inhibit Inflammatory Cytokines in Monocyte/Macrophage-Like Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:181-189. [PMID: 37918857 PMCID: PMC10765419 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are signaling molecules involved in inflammation process. Interleukin (IL)-6 is one of pivotal inflammatory cytokines associated with many human diseases. Therefore, there are on-going efforts to find a therapeutic to inhibit IL-6 and other cytokines. Methyl 2-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoylamino]-3-phenylpropanoate (MHPAP) is a phenolic amide ester, transported better than its non-ester form (NEF) in monocyte/macrophage-like cells. However, there is no information about the effects of their cell permeability on cytokines. Therefore, the effects of MHPAP and NEF on cytokines were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In the THP-1 cells, MHPAP significantly inhibited IL-6, IL-1beta, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (P < 0.05), but NEF showed no effects. MHPAP also inhibited nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65 phosphorylation in the THP-1 cells (P < 0.05), without significant effects on c-FOS, ATF-2, and JUN phosphorylations. Because NF-κB p65 is phosphorylated by IκB kinase (IKK), in silico analysis was performed on IKK. MHPAP was found to bind to IKK better than an IKK inhibitor ((E)-2-fluoro-4'-methoxystilbene). Furthermore, MHPAP inhibited the luminescence increased in the LPS-stimulated NF-κB-Luc2 THP-1 cells. As anticipated, MHPAP was also found to inhibit IL-6, IL-1beta, IL-8, and TNF-alpha significantly in LPS-stimulated PBMCs (P < 0.05). Especially, MHPAP inhibited IL-6 and IL-1beta with an IC50 of 0.85 and 0.87 µM, better than IL-8 (1.58 µM) and TNF-alpha (1.22 µM) in the cells. Altogether, the data suggest that cell permeability may have a significant impact on MHPAP's ability to inhibit cytokines and MHPAP may be used as a potent cell-permeable compound to inhibit inflammatory cytokines in monocyte/macrophage-like cells. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Potential effects of MHPAP and NEF on inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha) were investigated in LPS-stimulated THP-1 and PBMCs. Cell transport had a great impact on cytokine inhibition in the cells. MHPAP was also found to inhibit NF-κB pathway, which was supported by in silico and NF-κB reporter (Luc)-THP-1 data. Also, in LPS-stimulated PBMCs, MHPAP significantly inhibited IL-6, IL-1beta, IL-8, and TNF-alpha, suggesting that MHPAP may be a potent cell-permeable compound to inhibit inflammatory cytokines in monocyte/macrophage-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae B Park
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
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20
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Ray SK, Mukherjee S. Innovation and Patenting Activities During COVID-19 and Advancement of Biochemical and Molecular Diagnosis in the Post- COVID-19 Era. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2024; 18:210-226. [PMID: 37779409 DOI: 10.2174/0118722083262217230921042127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is to escalate globally and acquire new mutations quickly, so accurate diagnostic technologies play a vital role in controlling and understanding the epidemiology of the disease. A plethora of technologies acquires diagnosis of individuals and informs clinical management of COVID. Some important biochemical parameters for COVID diagnosis are the elevation of liver enzymes, creatinine, and nonspecific inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6). The main progression predictors are lymphopenia, elevated D-dimer, and hyperferritinemia, although it is also necessary to consider LDH, CPK, and troponin in the marker panel of diagnosis. Owing to the greater sensitivity and accuracy, molecular technologies such as conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, nested PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and xMAP technology have been extensively used for COVID diagnosis for some time now. To make so many diagnostics accessible to general people, many techniques may be exploited, including point of care (POC), also called bedside testing, which is developing as a portable promising tool in pathogen identification. Some other lateral flow assay (LFA)-centered techniques like SHERLOCK, CRISPR-Cas12a (AIOD-CRISPR), and FNCAS9 editor limited uniform detection assay (FELUDA), etc. have shown auspicious results in the rapid detection of pathogens. More recently, low-cost sequencing and advancements in big data management have resulted in a slow but steady rise of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based approaches for diagnosis that have potential relevance for clinical purposes and may pave the way toward a better future. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, various institutions provided free, specialized websites and tools to promote research and access to critically needed advanced solutions by alleviating research and analysis of data within a substantial body of scientific and patent literature regarding biochemical and molecular diagnosis published since January 2020. This circumstance is unquestionably unique and difficult for anyone using patent information to find pertinent disclosures at a specific date in a trustworthy manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumar Ray
- Independent Researcher, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462020, India
| | - Sukhes Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462020, India
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21
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Bjørklund G, Lysiuk R, Semenova Y, Lenchyk L, Dub N, Doşa MD, Hangan T. Herbal Substances with Antiviral Effects: Features and Prospects for the Treatment of Viral Diseases with Emphasis on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:393-409. [PMID: 36698239 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230125121758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Viral diseases have a significant impact on human health, and three novel coronaviruses (CoV) have emerged during the 21st century. In this review, we have emphasized the potential of herbal substances with antiviral effects. Our investigation focused on the features and prospects of viral disease treatment, with a particular emphasis on proinflammatory cytokines. We conducted comprehensive searches of various databases, including Science Direct, CABI Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Cytokine storm mechanisms play a crucial role in inducing a pro-inflammatory response by triggering the expression of cytokines and chemokines. This response leads to the recruitment of leukocytes and promotes antiviral effects, forming the first line of defense against viruses. Numerous studies have investigated the use of herbal medicine candidates as immunomodulators or antivirals. However, cytokine-storm-targeted therapy is recommended for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by SARS-CoV to survive severe pulmonary failure. Our reviews have demonstrated that herbal formulations could serve as alternative medicines and significantly reduce complicated viral infections. Furthermore, they hold promising potential as specific antiviral agents in experimental animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Department of Research, Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University , Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Larysa Lenchyk
- Department of Research, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry Research Group, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Natalia Dub
- Andrei Krupynskyi Lviv Medical Academy, Lviv, Ukraine
| | | | - Tony Hangan
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
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22
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Zhang W, Gorelik AJ, Wang Q, Norton SA, Hershey T, Agrawal A, Bijsterbosch JD, Bogdan R. Associations between COVID-19 and putative markers of neuroinflammation: A diffusion basis spectrum imaging study. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.20.549891. [PMID: 37502886 PMCID: PMC10370178 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.20.549891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 remains a significant international public health concern. Yet, the mechanisms through which symptomatology emerges remain poorly understood. While SARS-CoV-2 infection may induce prolonged inflammation within the central nervous system, the evidence primarily stems from limited small-scale case investigations. To address this gap, our study capitalized on longitudinal UK Biobank neuroimaging data acquired prior to and following COVID-19 testing (N=416 including n=224 COVID-19 cases; Mage=58.6). Putative neuroinflammation was assessed in gray matter structures and white matter tracts using non-invasive Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging (DBSI), which estimates inflammation-related cellularity (DBSI-restricted fraction; DBSI-RF) and vasogenic edema (DBSI-hindered fraction; DBSI-HF).We hypothesized that COVID-19 case status would be associated with increases in DBSI markers after accounting for potential confound (age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking frequency, and data acquisition interval) and multiple testing. COVID-19 case status was not significantly associated with DBSI-RF (|β|'s<0.28, pFDR >0.05), but with greater DBSI-HF in left pre- and post-central gyri and right middle frontal gyrus (β's>0.3, all pFDR=0.03). Intriguingly, the brain areas exhibiting increased putative vasogenic edema had previously been linked to COVID-19-related functional and structural alterations, whereas brain regions displaying subtle differences in cellularity between COVID-19 cases and controls included regions within or functionally connected to the olfactory network, which has been implicated in COVID-19 psychopathology. Nevertheless, our study might not have captured acute and transitory neuroinflammatory effects linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection, possibly due to symptom resolution before the imaging scan. Future research is warranted to explore the potential time- and symptom-dependent neuroinflammatory relationship with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Aaron J Gorelik
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Qing Wang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sara A Norton
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tamara Hershey
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Janine D Bijsterbosch
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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23
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Ferreira GM, Clarindo FA, Ribeiro ÁL, Gomes-de-Pontes L, de Carvalho LD, Martins-Filho OA, da Fonseca FG, Teixeira MM, Sabino ADP, Eapen MS, Morris DL, Valle SJ, Coelho-dos-Reis JGA. Taming the SARS-CoV-2-mediated proinflammatory response with BromAc ®. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1308477. [PMID: 38193087 PMCID: PMC10773902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1308477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the present study, the impact of BromAc®, a specific combination of bromelain and acetylcysteine, on the SARS-CoV-2-specific inflammatory response was evaluated. Methods An in vitro stimulation system was standardized using blood samples from 9 healthy donors, luminex assays and flow cytometry were performed. Results and discussion BromAc® demonstrated robust anti-inflammatory activity in human peripheral blood cells upon SARS-CoV-2 viral stimuli, reducing the cytokine storm, composed of chemokines, growth factors, and proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines produced after short-term in vitro culture with the inactivated virus (iSARS-CoV-2). A combined reduction in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced by SARS-CoV-2, in addition to steady-state levels of platelet recruitment-associated growth factor-PDGFbb, was observed, indicating that BromAc® may be important to reduce thromboembolism in COVID-19. The immunophenotypic analysis of the impact of BromAc® on leukocytes upon viral stimuli showed that BromAc® was able to downmodulate the populations of CD16+ neutrophils and CD14+ monocytes observed after stimulation with iSARS-CoV-2. Conversely, BromAc® treatment increased steady-state HLA-DR expression in CD14+ monocytes and preserved this activation marker in this subset upon iSARS-CoV-2 stimuli, indicating improved monocyte activation upon BromAc® treatment. Additionally, BromAc® downmodulated the iSARS-CoV-2-induced production of TNF-a by the CD19+ B-cells. System biology approaches, utilizing comprehensive correlation matrices and networks, showed distinct patterns of connectivity in groups treated with BromAc®, suggesting loss of connections promoted by the compound and by iSARS-CoV-2 stimuli. Negative correlations amongst proinflammatory axis and other soluble and cellular factors were observed in the iSARS-CoV-2 group treated with BromAc® as compared to the untreated group, demonstrating that BromAc® disengages proinflammatory responses and their interactions with other soluble factors and the axis orchestrated by SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion These results give new insights into the mechanisms for the robust anti-inflammatory effect of BromAc® in the steady state and SARS-CoV-2-specific immune leukocyte responses, indicating its potential as a therapeutic strategy for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovane Marques Ferreira
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Felipe Alves Clarindo
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ágata Lopes Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Letícia Gomes-de-Pontes
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciana Debortoli de Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Rene Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávio Guimarães da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Centro de Tecnologia em Vacinas (CT-Vacinas), Parque Tecnológico de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- CT Terapias Avançadas e Inovadoras (CT-Terapias), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adriano de Paula Sabino
- Laboratório de Hematologia Clínica, Experimental e Molecular, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mathew Suji Eapen
- Research & Development Department, Mucpharm Pty Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David L. Morris
- Research & Development Department, Mucpharm Pty Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St George and Sutherland Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah J. Valle
- Research & Development Department, Mucpharm Pty Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St George and Sutherland Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jordana Grazziela Alves Coelho-dos-Reis
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- CT Terapias Avançadas e Inovadoras (CT-Terapias), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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24
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Zhou Y, Li QX, Liao ZZ, Liu Y, Ouyang Y, Jiang WJ, Tang MT, Hu JF, Zhang W. Anti-inflammatory effect and component analysis of Chaihu Qingwen granules. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116763. [PMID: 37315646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As prevalent acute respiratory condition in clinical practice, acute lung injury has a quick start and severe symptoms which can harm patients physically. Chaihu Qingwen granules (CHQW) is a classic formula for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Clinical observation shows that CHQW has good efficacy in treating colds, coughs, and fevers. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of CHQW on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) model in rats and to explore its potential mechanism, as well as to clarify its substance composition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male SD rats were randomly divided into the blank group, the model group, the ibuprofen group, the Lianhua Qingwen capsule group and the CHQW group (2, 4 and 8 g/kg, respectively). The LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) model in rats was established after pre-administration. The histopathological changes in the lung and the levels of inflammatory factors in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum of ALI rats were observed. The inflammation-related proteins toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), inhibitory kappa B alpha (IκBα), phospho-IκBα (p-IκBα), nuclear-factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3) expression levels were measured by western blotting analysis and immunohistochemical analysis. The chemical composition of CHQW was identified by liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS). RESULTS CHQW significantly ameliorated lung tissue pathological injury in LPS-induced ALI rats and decreased the release of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α) in BALF and serum. In addition, CHQW decreased the expression of TLR4, p-IκBα and NF-κB proteins, increased the level of IκBα, regulated the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, and inhibited the activation of NLRP3. The chemical components of CHQW were analyzed by LC-Q-TOF-MS, and a total of 48 components were identified by combining information from the literature, mainly flavonoids, organic acids, lignans, iridoids and phenylethanoid glycosides. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that the pretreatment of CHQW had a strong protective effect on LPS-induced ALI in rats, reducing lung tissue lesions and decreasing inflammatory cytokines released in BALF and serum. The protective mechanism of CHQW may be related to the inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 activation. The main active ingredients of CHQW are flavonoids, organic acids, lignans, iridoids and phenylethanoid glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Qing-Xian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zheng-Zheng Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ying Ouyang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wen-Jing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Meng-Ting Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jin-Fang Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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25
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Yeh YJ, Chao TL, Chang YJ, Chang SY, Lu CH, Chao CH, Su WC, Tseng CP, Lai MM, Cheng JC. Dual Effects of 3- epi-betulin from Daphniphyllum glaucescens in Suppressing SARS-CoV-2-Induced Inflammation and Inhibiting Virus Entry. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17040. [PMID: 38069363 PMCID: PMC10707724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has led to a protracted global COVID-19 pandemic with significant impacts on public health and global economy. While there are currently available SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapeutics, most of the FDA-approved antiviral agents directly target viral proteins. However, inflammation is the initial immune pathogenesis induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, there is still a need to find additional agents that can control the virus in the early stages of infection to alleviate disease progression for the next pandemic. Here, we find that both the spike protein and its receptor CD147 are crucial for inducing inflammation by SARS-CoV-2 in THP-1 monocytic cells. Moreover, we find that 3-epi-betulin, isolated from Daphniphyllum glaucescens, reduces the level of proinflammatory cytokines induced by SARS-CoV-2, consequently resulting in a decreased viral RNA accumulation and plaque formation. In addition, 3-epi-betulin displays a broad-spectrum inhibition of entry of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses, including Alpha (B.1.1.7), Eplison (B.1.429), Gamma (P1), Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (BA.1). Moreover, 3-epi-betulin potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection with an EC50 of <20 μM in Calu-3 lung epithelial cells. Bioinformatic analysis reveals the chemical interaction between the 3-epi-betulin and the spike protein, along with the critical amino acid residues in the spike protein that contribute to the inhibitory activity of 3-epi-betulin against virus entry. Taken together, our results suggest that 3-epi-betulin exhibits dual effect: it reduces SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation and inhibits virus entry, positioning it as a potential antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Ju Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Research Center for Emerging Viruses, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ling Chao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100229, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chang
- The Ph.D. Program of Biotechnology and Biomedical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100229, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College Medicine, Taipei 100229, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Lu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hua Chao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 4060404, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Su
- Research Center for Emerging Viruses, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Tseng
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Michael M.C. Lai
- Research Center for Emerging Viruses, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Chien Cheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
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Ziaei S, Alimohammadi‐Kamalabadi M, Hasani M, Malekahmadi M, Persad E, Heshmati J. The effect of quercetin supplementation on clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7504-7514. [PMID: 38107099 PMCID: PMC10724618 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) affects both the respiratory system and the body as a whole. Natural molecules, such as flavonoid quercetin, as potential treatment methods to help patients combat COVID-19. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to give a comprehensive overview of the impact of quercetin supplementation on inflammatory factors, hospital admission, and mortality of patients with COVID-19. The search has been conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library using relevant keywords until August 25, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing COVID-19 patients who received quercetin supplementation versus controls. We included five studies summarizing the evidence in 544 patients. Meta-analysis showed that quercetin administration significantly reduced LDH activity (standard mean difference (SMD): -0.42, 95% CI: -0.82, -0.02, I 2 = 48.86%), decreased the risk of hospital admission by 70% (RR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.62, I 2 = 00.00%), ICU admission by 73% (RR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.78, I 2 = 20.66%), and mortality by 82% (RR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.98, I 2 = 00.00%). No significant changes in CRP, D-dimmer, and ferritin were found between groups. Quercetin was found to significantly reduce LDH levels and decrease the risk of hospital and ICU admission and mortality in patients with COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Ziaei
- ICU Department, Emam Reza HospitalKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Malek Alimohammadi‐Kamalabadi
- Department of Cellular‐Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Motahareh Hasani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of HealthGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Mahsa Malekahmadi
- Department of Cellular‐Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medicinal Sciences Tehran IranTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Emma Persad
- Department for Evidence‐based Medicine and EvaluationDanube University KremsKremsAustria
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Songhor Healthcare CenterKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
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27
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Liu Y, Xiang C, Que Z, Li C, Wang W, Yin L, Chu C, Zhou Y. Neutrophil heterogeneity and aging: implications for COVID-19 and wound healing. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1201651. [PMID: 38090596 PMCID: PMC10715311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1201651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play a critical role in the immune response to infection and tissue injury. However, recent studies have shown that neutrophils are a heterogeneous population with distinct subtypes that differ in their functional properties. Moreover, aging can alter neutrophil function and exacerbate immune dysregulation. In this review, we discuss the concept of neutrophil heterogeneity and how it may be affected by aging. We then examine the implications of neutrophil heterogeneity and aging for COVID-19 pathogenesis and wound healing. Specifically, we summarize the evidence for neutrophil involvement in COVID-19 and the potential mechanisms underlying neutrophil recruitment and activation in this disease. We also review the literature on the role of neutrophils in the wound healing process and how aging and neutrophil heterogeneity may impact wound healing outcomes. Finally, we discuss the potential for neutrophil-targeted therapies to improve clinical outcomes in COVID-19 and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wen Wang
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Medical Cosmetic Center, Chengdu Second People's Hospital; Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Medical Cosmetic Center, Chengdu Second People's Hospital; Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyu Chu
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Medical Cosmetic Center, Chengdu Second People's Hospital; Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Medical Cosmetic Center, Chengdu Second People's Hospital; Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Grignoli N, Petrocchi S, Polito A, Gagliano V, Sallusto F, Uguccioni M, Gabutti L. The interplay between previous infection and mental health condition on antibody response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 33:100677. [PMID: 37701787 PMCID: PMC10493882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has been pointing towards the existence of a bi-directional interplay between mental health condition and immunity. Data collected during the COVID-19 outbreak suggest that depressive symptoms may impact the production of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, while a previous infection could affect the immune response and cause neuropsychological disturbances. A prospective observational study was designed to investigate the association between mental health conditions and immune response over time. We analyzed the mental health at baseline and the antibodies before and after immunization with the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in a cohort of healthcare professionals in southern Switzerland. One-hundred and six subjects were enrolled. Anxiety, distress and depression correlated to each other. There were no correlations between the mentioned variables and the vaccine induced IgG antibodies against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. For those who had a previous COVID-19 infection, the antibodies increased according to the grade of depression. For those who did not, the anti-RBD IgG levels remained similar when comparing presence or absence of depression symptoms. Our results show that previous SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in subjects with mental health conditions enhances the immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. The correlation between immune response to COVID-19 vaccination, a previous exposure to the virus, and symptoms of mood disorders, makes it necessary to explore the direction of the causality between immune response and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Grignoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona and Valleys, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona and Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Cantonal Sociopsychiatric Organisation, Public Health Division, Department of Health and Social Care, Repubblica e Cantone Ticino, Mendrisio, Switzerland
| | - Serena Petrocchi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Polito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Regional Hospital of Mendrisio and Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Gagliano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona and Valleys, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona and Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Mariagrazia Uguccioni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Gabutti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona and Valleys, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona and Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
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Ho HV, Patel H, Ahmed M, Eddib A, Oyesanmi O, Modi F, Sorresso D, Mhaskar R, Phrathep D. A Retrospective Cohort Study Assessing the Impact of Statin Therapy on Hospital Length of Stay and Inpatient Mortality in COVID-19 Patients. HCA HEALTHCARE JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2023; 4:369-375. [PMID: 37969853 PMCID: PMC10635693 DOI: 10.36518/2689-0216.1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Coronaviruses, known for their crown-like appearance, cause mild gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. Some cause outbreaks of respiratory diseases, most recently, SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Individuals with COVID-19 are reported to be in both arterial and venous prothrombotic states. In addition to a lipid-lowering effect, statin also has an anti-inflammatory effect, which addresses one of the underlying causes of thrombosis. An in-silico study revealed that statins could directly interact with the main protease enzyme of SARS-CoV-2 and prevent infectivity. Due to these pleiotropic properties, statins may positively impact the outcome of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infections. Methods A total of 26 445 acute COVID-19-infected patients were included in this study. Patients were stratified based on home statin use status: no statins, high-intensity statins (atorvastatin 40-80 mg daily and rosuvastatin 20-40 mg daily), and low-to-moderate intensity statins (all other statins). A multivariate generalized linear model and logistic regression were used to predict the hospital length of stay and inpatient mortality, respectively. Results The hospital length of stay was compared between low-intensity and high-intensity statin use against no statin therapy. The length of stay was 3.88 days (95% CI, 3.56-4.20; P < .0001) longer among patients with low-dose statin therapy compared to patients without. The length of stay was 4.77 days (95% CI, 4.42-5.13; P <.0001) longer among patients with high-intensity statin therapy than those without. The odds of in-hospital mortality decreased by 24% (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.76-0.97) among those with high-dose statin therapy compared to patients without (P = .02). There was no statistical significance between the low-dose statin group and the no statin group for inpatient mortality. Conclusion Hospitalized COVID-19 patients on statin therapy, regardless of intensity, are more likely to have a longer length of stay. There may be a mortality benefit in using high-intensity statin in acute COVID-19-infected patients. The results of this study are insufficient to recommend statin therapy for inpatient COVID-19 treatment. However, patients with significant cardiovascular comorbidities, where statins are indicated, should be on these medications, especially amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Randomized controlled trials are needed to assess the potential in-hospital benefit of statin therapy on COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy V Ho
- HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine Graduate Medical Education
- HCA Florida Citrus Hospital, Inverness, FL
| | - Hamish Patel
- HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine Graduate Medical Education
- HCA Florida Bayonet Point Hospital, Hudson, FL
| | - Mohammed Ahmed
- HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine Graduate Medical Education
- HCA Florida Citrus Hospital, Inverness, FL
| | - Ahmed Eddib
- HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine Graduate Medical Education
- HCA Florida Citrus Hospital, Inverness, FL
| | - Olugbenga Oyesanmi
- HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine Graduate Medical Education
| | - Fagunkumar Modi
- HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine Graduate Medical Education
- HCA Florida Citrus Hospital, Inverness, FL
| | - Domenick Sorresso
- HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine Graduate Medical Education
- HCA Florida Bayonet Point Hospital, Hudson, FL
| | - Rahul Mhaskar
- Office of Research, Innovation and Scholarly Endeavors, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL
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Murari A, Gelfusa M, Craciunescu T, Gelfusa C, Gaudio P, Bovesecchi G, Rossi R. Effects of environmental conditions on COVID-19 morbidity as an example of multicausality: a multi-city case study in Italy. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1222389. [PMID: 37965519 PMCID: PMC10642182 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1222389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), broke out in December 2019 in Wuhan city, in the Hubei province of China. Since then, it has spread practically all over the world, disrupting many human activities. In temperate climates overwhelming evidence indicates that its incidence increases significantly during the cold season. Italy was one of the first nations, in which COVID-19 reached epidemic proportions, already at the beginning of 2020. There is therefore enough data to perform a systematic investigation of the correlation between the spread of the virus and the environmental conditions. The objective of this study is the investigation of the relationship between the virus diffusion and the weather, including temperature, wind, humidity and air quality, before the rollout of any vaccine and including rapid variation of the pollutants (not only their long term effects as reported in the literature). Regarding them methodology, given the complexity of the problem and the sparse data, robust statistical tools based on ranking (Spearman and Kendall correlation coefficients) and innovative dynamical system analysis techniques (recurrence plots) have been deployed to disentangle the different influences. In terms of results, the evidence indicates that, even if temperature plays a fundamental role, the morbidity of COVID-19 depends also on other factors. At the aggregate level of major cities, air pollution and the environmental quantities affecting it, particularly the wind intensity, have no negligible effect. This evidence should motivate a rethinking of the public policies related to the containment of this type of airborne infectious diseases, particularly information gathering and traffic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Murari
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Padua, Italy
- Istituto per la Scienza e la Tecnologia dei Plasmi, CNR, Padua, Italy
| | - Michela Gelfusa
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Teddy Craciunescu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Măgurele, Romania
| | - Claudio Gelfusa
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Gaudio
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Bovesecchi
- Department of Enterprise Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rossi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
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Chujan S, Nakareangrit W, Suriyo T, Satayavivad J. Integrated Transcriptomics and Network Analysis of Potential Mechanisms and Health Effects of Convalescent COVID-19 Patients. Bioinform Biol Insights 2023; 17:11779322231206684. [PMID: 37881207 PMCID: PMC10594973 DOI: 10.1177/11779322231206684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviral disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recent pandemic disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, there are still cases of COVID-19 around the world that can develop into persistent symptoms after discharge. The constellation of symptoms, termed long COVID, persists for months and can lead to various diseases such as lung inflammation and cardiovascular disease, which may lead to considerable financial burden and possible risk to human health. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms underlying the post-pandemic syndrome of COVID-19 remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the molecular mechanism, disease association, and possible health risks in convalescent COVID-19 patients. Gene expression data from a human convalescent COVID-19 data set was compared with a data set from healthy normal individuals in order to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). To determine biological function and potential pathway alterations, the GO and KEGG databases were used to analyze the DEGs. Disease association, tissue, and organ-specific analyses were used to identify possible health effects. A total of 250 DEGs were identified between healthy and convalescent COVID-19 subjects. The biological function alterations identified revealed cytokine interactions and increased inflammation through NF-κB1, RELA, JUN, STAT3, and SP1. Interestingly, the most significant pathways were cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, altered lipid metabolism, and atherosclerosis that play a crucial role in convalescent COVID-19. In addition, we also found pneumonitis, dermatitis, and autoimmune diseases. Based on our study, convalescent COVID-19 is associated with inflammation in a variety of organs that could lead to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, as well as atherosclerosis. These findings are a first step toward fully exploring the disease mechanisms in depth to understand the relationship between post-COVID-19 infection and potential health risks. This is necessary for the development of appropriate strategies for the prevention and treatment of long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthipong Chujan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Tawit Suriyo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jutamaad Satayavivad
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand
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32
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Baghaie L, Leroy F, Sheikhi M, Jafarzadeh A, Szewczuk MR, Sheikhi A. Contemporaneous SARS-CoV-2-Neutralizing Antibodies Mediated by N-glycan Shields. Viruses 2023; 15:2079. [PMID: 37896856 PMCID: PMC10612084 DOI: 10.3390/v15102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations and the glycosylation of epitopes can convert immunogenic epitopes into non-immunogenic ones via natural selection or evolutionary pressure, thereby decreasing their sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies. Based on Thomas Francis's theory, memory B and T cells induced during primary infections or vaccination will freeze the new mutated epitopes specific to naïve B and T cells from the repertoire. On this basis, some researchers argue that the current vaccines derived from the previous strains of the SARS-CoV-2 virus do not increase immunity and may also prevent the immune response against new epitopes. However, evidence shows that even if the binding affinity is reduced, the previous antibodies or T cell receptors (TCRs) can still bind to this new epitope of the Beta, Gamma, and Delta variant if their concentration is high enough (from a booster injection) and neutralize the virus. This paper presents some convincing immunological reasons that may challenge this theory and argue for the continuation of universal vaccination to prevent further mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Simultaneously, the information presented can be used to develop vaccines that target novel epitopes or create new recombinant drugs that do not lose their effectiveness when the virus mutates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Baghaie
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada;
| | - Fleur Leroy
- Faculté de Médecine, Maïeutique et Sciences de la Santé, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Mehdi Sheikhi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful 64616-43993, Iran;
- Faculty of Medicine, Kazeroon Azad University, Kazeroon 14778-93855, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 76169-13555, Iran;
| | - Myron R. Szewczuk
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada;
| | - Abdolkarim Sheikhi
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada;
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful 64616-43993, Iran;
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Xie J, Kuppermann N, Florin TA, Tancredi DJ, Funk AL, Kim K, Salvadori MI, Yock-Corrales A, Shah NP, Breslin KA, Chaudhari PP, Bergmann KR, Ahmad FA, Nebhrajani JR, Mintegi S, Gangoiti I, Plint AC, Avva UR, Gardiner MA, Malley R, Finkelstein Y, Dalziel SR, Bhatt M, Kannikeswaran N, Caperell K, Campos C, Sabhaney VJ, Chong SL, Lunoe MM, Rogers AJ, Becker SM, Borland ML, Sartori LF, Pavlicich V, Rino PB, Morrison AK, Neuman MI, Poonai N, Simon NJE, Kam AJ, Kwok MY, Morris CR, Palumbo L, Ambroggio L, Navanandan N, Eckerle M, Klassen TP, Payne DC, Cherry JC, Waseem M, Dixon AC, Ferre IB, Freedman SB. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Association Between Laboratory Tests and Severe Outcomes Among Hospitalized Children. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad485. [PMID: 37869403 PMCID: PMC10588618 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To assist clinicians with identifying children at risk of severe outcomes, we assessed the association between laboratory findings and severe outcomes among severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected children and determined if SARS-CoV-2 test result status modified the associations. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of participants tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection in 41 pediatric emergency departments in 10 countries. Participants were hospitalized, had laboratory testing performed, and completed 14-day follow-up. The primary objective was to assess the associations between laboratory findings and severe outcomes. The secondary objective was to determine if the SARS-CoV-2 test result modified the associations. Results We included 1817 participants; 522 (28.7%) SARS-CoV-2 test-positive and 1295 (71.3%) test-negative. Seventy-five (14.4%) test-positive and 174 (13.4%) test-negative children experienced severe outcomes. In regression analysis, we found that among SARS-CoV-2-positive children, procalcitonin ≥0.5 ng/mL (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 9.14; 95% CI, 2.90-28.80), ferritin >500 ng/mL (aOR, 7.95; 95% CI, 1.89-33.44), D-dimer ≥1500 ng/mL (aOR, 4.57; 95% CI, 1.12-18.68), serum glucose ≥120 mg/dL (aOR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.06-3.81), lymphocyte count <1.0 × 109/L (aOR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.34-7.69), and platelet count <150 × 109/L (aOR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.31-6.07) were associated with severe outcomes. Evaluation of the interaction term revealed that a positive SARS-CoV-2 result increased the associations with severe outcomes for elevated procalcitonin, C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and for reduced lymphocyte and platelet counts. Conclusions Specific laboratory parameters are associated with severe outcomes in SARS-CoV-2-infected children, and elevated serum procalcitonin, CRP, and D-dimer and low absolute lymphocyte and platelet counts were more strongly associated with severe outcomes in children testing positive compared with those testing negative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan Kuppermann
- Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Todd A Florin
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel J Tancredi
- Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Anna L Funk
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kelly Kim
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Nipam P Shah
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | | | | | - Fahd A Ahmad
- Washington University School of Medicine, St.Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Santiago Mintegi
- University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Iker Gangoiti
- University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Amy C Plint
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Usha R Avva
- Montefiore-Nyack Hospital, Nyack, NewYork, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Maala Bhatt
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Carmen Campos
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Shu-Ling Chong
- Duke-NUS Medical School, SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore
| | - Maren M Lunoe
- UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sarah M Becker
- Primary Children’s Hospital, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Laura F Sartori
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Pedro B Rino
- Hospital de Pediatría “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan,” RIDEPLA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Naveen Poonai
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Norma-Jean E Simon
- Ann and Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - April J Kam
- McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Y Kwok
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork, New York, USA
| | - Claudia R Morris
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Laura Palumbo
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia—Pronto Soccorso Pediatrico, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Michelle Eckerle
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Daniel C Payne
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Khan S, Yang J, Cobo ER, Wang Y, Xu M, Wang T, Shi Y, Liu G, Han B. Streptococcus uberis induced expressions of pro-inflammatory IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in bovine mammary epithelial cells associated with inhibited autophagy and autophagy flux formation. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106270. [PMID: 37499842 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular defensive mechanism that can eliminate bacterial pathogens such as Streptococcus uberis, that causes mastitis in cows. However, S. uberis induced autophagy is still unclear. In this study, we tested if certain inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, critical in mastitis due to S. uberis infection, regulate autophagy activation in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs). Using Western blot and laser scanning confocal microscope in bMECs challenged by S. uberis, showed that the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ oscillated with the expressions of autophagic Atg5, ULK1, PTEN, P62, and LC3ӀӀ/LC3Ӏ. S. uberis infection induced autophagosomes and LC3 puncta in bMECs with upregulation of Atg5, ULK1, PTEN, LC3ӀӀ/LC3Ӏ, and downregulation of P62. The levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ increased during autophagy flux formation to decrease during autophagy induction. Autophagy inhibition increased the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ and increased S. uberis burden. This study indicates autophagy is induced during S. uberis infection and IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ contribute to autophagy and autophagy flux formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Khan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Jingyue Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Eduardo R Cobo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Maolin Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Shi
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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Cheong KL, Yu B, Teng B, Veeraperumal S, Xu B, Zhong S, Tan K. Post-COVID-19 syndrome management: Utilizing the potential of dietary polysaccharides. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115320. [PMID: 37595427 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant global impact, resulting in long-term health effects for many individuals. As more patients recover, there is a growing need to identify effective management strategies for ongoing health concerns, such as post-COVID-19 syndrome, characterized by persistent symptoms or complications beyond several weeks or months from the onset of symptoms. In this review, we explore the potential of dietary polysaccharides as a promising approach to managing post-COVID-19 syndrome. We summarize the immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and prebiotic activities of dietary polysaccharides for the management of post-COVID-19 syndrome. Furthermore, the review investigates the role of polysaccharides in enhancing immune response, regulating immune function, improving oxidative stress, inhibiting virus binding to ACE2, balancing gut microbiota, and increasing functional metabolites. These properties of dietary polysaccharides may help alleviate COVID-19 symptoms, providing a promising avenue for effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Biao Yu
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Teng
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Suresh Veeraperumal
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Programme of Food Science and Technology, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Karsoon Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, Guangxi, China.
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Mahmoud IS, Jarrar YB, Febrimarsa. Modulation of IRAK enzymes as a therapeutic strategy against SARS-CoV-2 induced cytokine storm. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2909-2923. [PMID: 37061574 PMCID: PMC10105542 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the current pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Dysregulated and excessive production of cytokines and chemokines, known as cytokine storm, is frequently seen in patients with severe COVID-19 disease and it can provoke a severe systematic inflammation in the patients. The IL-1R/TLRs/IRAKs signaling network is a key pathway in immune cells that plays a central role in regulating innate immunity and inflammatory responses via stimulating the expression and production of various proinflammatory molecules including cytokines. Modulation of IRAKs activity has been proposed to be a promising strategy in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. In this review, we highlight the biochemical properties of IRAKs and their role in regulating inflammatory molecular signaling pathways and discuss the potential targeting of IRAKs to suppress the SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sami Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
| | - Yazun Bashir Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, As-Salt, Jordan
| | - Febrimarsa
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
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Guo BC, Wu KH, Chen CY, Lin WY, Chang YJ, Lee TA, Lin MJ, Wu HP. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14800. [PMID: 37834246 PMCID: PMC10573267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many lives have been tragically lost to severe infections. The COVID-19 impact extends beyond the respiratory system, affecting various organs and functions. In severe cases, it can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure, often fueled by an excessive immune response known as a cytokine storm. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have considerable potential because they can mitigate inflammation, modulate immune responses, and promote tissue regeneration. Accumulating evidence underscores the efficacy and safety of MSCs in treating severe COVID-19 and ARDS. Nonetheless, critical aspects, such as optimal routes of MSC administration, appropriate dosage, treatment intervals, management of extrapulmonary complications, and potential pediatric applications, warrant further exploration. These research avenues hold promise for enriching our understanding and refining the application of MSCs in confronting the multifaceted challenges posed by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Cyuan Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan;
| | - Kang-Hsi Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tungs’ Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 43503, Taiwan;
- Department of Nursing, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 35664, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ya Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 43503, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jun Chang
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostastics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan;
| | - Tai-An Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 50544, Taiwan;
| | - Mao-Jen Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ping Wu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
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Hasan A, Rahim R, Nakayama EE, Uno K, Hasan N, Rahman M, Shioda T. Enhancement of IL-6 Production Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein and Bangladeshi COVID-19 Patients' Sera. Viruses 2023; 15:2018. [PMID: 37896795 PMCID: PMC10611338 DOI: 10.3390/v15102018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 that can have detrimental effects on multiple organs and accelerate patient mortality. This study, which encompassed 130 confirmed COVID-19 patients who were assessed at three different time points (i.e., 3, 7, and 12 days) after the onset of symptoms, investigated interleukin-6 (IL-6) enhancement induced by a viral nucleocapsid (N) protein from a myeloid cell line. Disease severity was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe. The severe cases were characterized as having significant elevations in serum IL-6, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, ferritin, creatinine, leukocytes, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and decreased hemoglobin, hematocrit, and albumin levels compared with mild and moderate cases. To evaluate IL-6-inducing activity, heat-inactivated sera from these patients were incubated with and without the N protein. The findings showed a progressive increase in IL-6 production in severe cases upon N protein stimulation. There was a strong correlation between anti-N antibodies and levels of IL-6 secreted by myeloid cells in the presence of N protein and sera, indicating the crucial role that the anti-N antibody plays in inducing IL-6 production. Uncontrolled IL-6 production played a pivotal role in disease pathogenesis, exacerbating both disease severity and mortality. Efficiently targeting the N protein could potentially be employed as a therapeutic strategy for regulating the immune response and alleviating inflammation in severe cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Hasan
- Evercare Hospital Dhaka, Plot-81, Block-E, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (A.H.); (R.R.); (N.H.)
| | - Rummana Rahim
- Evercare Hospital Dhaka, Plot-81, Block-E, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (A.H.); (R.R.); (N.H.)
| | - Emi E. Nakayama
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0781, Japan;
| | - Kazuko Uno
- IFN & Host-Defense Research Laboratory, Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan;
| | - Nazmul Hasan
- Evercare Hospital Dhaka, Plot-81, Block-E, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (A.H.); (R.R.); (N.H.)
| | - Mizanur Rahman
- Evercare Hospital Dhaka, Plot-81, Block-E, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (A.H.); (R.R.); (N.H.)
| | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0781, Japan;
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Jiao Y, Shi C, Sun Y. The use of Xuanbai Chengqi decoction on monkeypox disease through the estrone-target AR interaction. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1234817. [PMID: 37808322 PMCID: PMC10553791 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1234817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction After COVID-19, there was an outbreak of a new infectious disease caused by monkeypox virus. So far, no specific drug has been found to treat it. Xuanbai Chengqi decoction (XBCQD) has shown effects against a variety of viruses in China. Methods We searched for the active compounds and potential targets for XBCQD from multiple open databases and literature. Monkeypox related targets were searched out from the OMIM and GeneCards databases. After determining the assumed targets of XBCQD for monkeypox treatment, we built the PPI network and used R for GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis. The interactions between the active compounds and the hub targets were investigated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Results In total, 5 active compounds and 10 hub targets of XBCQD were screened out. GO enrichment and KEGG analysis demonstrated that XBCQD plays a therapeutic role in monkeypox mainly by regulating signaling pathways related to viral infection and inflammatory response. The main active compound estrone binding to target AR was confirmed to be the best therapy choice for monkeypox. Discussion This study systematically explored the interactions between the bioactive compounds of XBCQD and the monkeypox-specific XBCQD targets using network pharmacological methods, bioinformatics analyses and molecular simulations, suggesting that XBCQD could have a beneficial therapeutic effect on monkeypox by reducing the inflammatory damage and viral replication via multiple pathways. The use of XBCQD on monkeypox disease was confirmed to be best worked through the estrone-target AR interaction. Our work could provide evidence and guidance for further research on the treatment of monkeypox disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Jiao
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengcheng Shi
- School of Science/State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao Sun
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
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40
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Bagheri-Hosseinabadi Z, Shamsizadeh A, Bahrehmand F, Abbasifard M. Evaluation of the relationship between serum interleukin-1β levels and expression of inflammasome-related genes in patients with COVID-19. BMC Immunol 2023; 24:30. [PMID: 37723427 PMCID: PMC10507843 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-023-00568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammasomes are a group of molecules that are strongly involved in causing inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of NLR family pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, and Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) as well as their association with serum level of interleukin (IL)-1β in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS Thirty COVID-19 patients and 30 healthy subjects (HS) were recruited. Peripheral blood specimens were collected from subjects to assess NLRP1, NLRP3, and ASC gene expression by Real time-PCR technique. Serum levels of IL-1β were also measured via the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The findings showed no significant differences in serum IL-1β level between COVID-19 patients and the HS group. mRNA expression of ASC (P = 0.008) and NLRP1 (P = 0.03) gene had a significant increase in COVID-19 patients compared to HS, while there was no significant increase in the expression of NLRP3 between the studied group. There were significant correlations between patient's data and expression levels of NLRP1, NLRP3, IL-1β, and ACS. CONCLUSIONS NLRP1 and ASC may have a more critical role in the generation of the active form of IL-1β in COVID-19 patients compared to NLRP3. However, serum levels of IL-1β in patients did not show a significant increase, which may be due to the patient's condition and the application of virus escape mechanisms through impaired NLRP3 expression and its malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bagheri-Hosseinabadi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Shamsizadeh
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bahrehmand
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mitra Abbasifard
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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Antwi I, Watkins D, Pedawi A, Ghrayeb A, Van de Vuurst C, Cory TJ. Substances of abuse and their effect on SAR-CoV-2 pathogenesis. NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 2023; 2:301-316. [PMID: 38013836 PMCID: PMC10474379 DOI: 10.1515/nipt-2023-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, various reports suggest that there has been a significant increase in substance abuse due to social distancing and related issues. Several reports have suggested the impact of chronic substance use on individuals' physiological and psychological health. Therefore, there is a need to know the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on persons with substance use disorders. Individuals with substance use disorders are the most vulnerable groups and are at a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to their already existing health issues associated with substance use. This review discusses some of the molecular and systemic/organic effects chronic substance use such as alcohol, nicotine, marijuana (cannabis), opioids, methamphetamine, and cocaine have on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and its potential cause for worsened disease outcomes in persons with substance use disorder. This will provide healthcare providers, public health policies, and researchers with the needed knowledge to address some of the many challenges faced during the Covid-19 pandemic to facilitate treatment strategies for persons with substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Antwi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Destiny Watkins
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alahn Pedawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Atheel Ghrayeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Christine Van de Vuurst
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Theodore J. Cory
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Shenoy RD, Nithin Kuriakose, Vijaykrishnaraj M, Patil P, Jayaswamy PK, Alagundagi DB, Shetty P. Tissue plasminogen activator receptor ANXA2 and its complementary regulator anti-inflammatory ANXA1 as prognostic indicators of inflammatory response in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152728. [PMID: 37579635 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 patients demonstrating hyperactive immunologic response appear to have a severe illness with a poor prognosis. This study hypothesizes that the pro-inflammatory Annexin A2 (ANXA2) has role in COVID-19 pathogenesis. In thisobservational study, serum levels of ANXA2 along with interleukin 1 beta (IL1β), IL6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), and anti-inflammatory ANXA1 were determined by sandwich ELISA in 20 each control, mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 subjects.The ANXA2 levels (130 ng/mL, p < 0.001) were significantly elevated in severe COVID-19 subjects, compared to mild, moderate and controls. Similarly, all the other pro-inflammatory biomarkers levels were also significantly correlated with disease severity (p < 0.0001). However, ANXA1 showed significantly negative correlation with disease severity (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory ANXA2 showed utility in mortality prediction with 86% sensitivity and specificity, and 57% positive predictive value at a serum threshold of 94 ng/mL. Overall,ANXA2 and ANXA1 along with IL1β, IL6, TNFα, would be beneficial biomarkers in assessing the COVID-19 severity and mortality prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathika D Shenoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Justice K S Hegde Charitable Hospital, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Nithin Kuriakose
- Division of Proteomics and Cancer Biology, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), NITTE (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Vijaykrishnaraj M
- Central Research Laboratory, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Prakash Patil
- Central Research Laboratory, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India.
| | - Pavan K Jayaswamy
- Central Research Laboratory, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhananjay B Alagundagi
- Central Research Laboratory, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveenkumar Shetty
- Central Research Laboratory, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India; Department of Biochemistry, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India.
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Vamshidhar IS, Rani SSS, Kalpana M, Gaur A, Umesh M, Ganji V, Saluja R, Taranikanti M, John NA. Impact of COVID-19 on thyroid gland functions with reference to Graves' disease: A systematic review. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:1784-1789. [PMID: 38024874 PMCID: PMC10657079 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2246_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Both immediate and long-term adverse effects arise out of this disease's aftermath. It involves various organs, which include endocrine glands, nervous system, musculoskeletal system, and other organs. The long-term outcomes of the SARS-CoV-2 infection are influenced by preexisting comorbidities. Genetic, environmental, and immunological factors contribute to the development of various autoimmune diseases, which include Graves' disease (GD). The growing mystery surrounding this virus is exacerbated by auto-inflammatory diseases, such as pediatric inflammatory multisystemic syndrome (PIMS) or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), which raises concerns about the nature of the virus' connection to the autoimmune and auto-inflammatory sequelae. There is a need to understand the underlying mechanisms of developing GD in post-COVID-19 patients. There are limited data regarding the pathogenesis involved in post-COVID-19 GD. Our goal was to understand the various mechanisms involved in post-COVID-19 GD among patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for 2020, a literature search of medical databases (PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus) from February 2021 to February 2022 was performed by five authors. The keywords used were "Post COVID-19," "Grave's disease," "Cytokine storm," "Autoimmunity," and "Molecular mimicry." This review revealed three underlying mechanisms that resulted in post-COVID GD, which included cytokine storm, molecular mimicry, ACE2 receptor concentration, and cell-mediated immunity. The full spectrum of the effects of COVID-19 needs to be researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. S. Vamshidhar
- Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Mahabubabad, Telangana, India
| | - S. S. Sabitha Rani
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Bhadradri Kothagudem, Telangana, India
| | - Medala Kalpana
- Department of Physiology, AIIMS Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Archana Gaur
- Department of Physiology, AIIMS Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | | | - Vidya Ganji
- Department of Physiology, AIIMS Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Rohit Saluja
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | | | - Nitin A. John
- Department of Physiology, AIIMS Bibinagar, Telangana, India
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Charostad J, Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd M, Shahrokhi A, Aghda FA, ghelmani Y, Pourzand P, Pourshaikhali S, Dabiri S, dehghani A, Astani A, Nakhaie M, Kakavand E. Evaluation of hematological parameters alterations in different waves of COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290242. [PMID: 37624800 PMCID: PMC10456189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occurrence of variations in routine hematological parameters is closely associated with disease progression, the development of severe illness, and the mortality rate among COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to investigate hematological parameters in COVID-19 hospitalized patients from the 1st to the 5th waves of the current pandemic. METHODS This cross-sectional study included a total of 1501 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 based on WHO criteria, who were admitted to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital (SSH) in Yazd, Iran, from February 2020 to September 2021. Throughout, we encountered five COVID-19 surge waves. In each wave, we randomly selected approximately 300 patients and categorized them based on infection severity during their hospitalization, including partial recovery, full recovery, and death. Finally, hematological parameters were compared based on age, gender, pandemic waves, and outcomes using the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS The mean age of patients (n = 1501) was 61.1±21.88, with 816 (54.3%) of them being men. The highest mortality in this study was related to the third wave of COVID-19 with 21.3%. There was a significant difference in all of the hematological parameters, except PDW, PLT, and RDW-CV, among pandemic waves of COVID-19 in our population. The highest rise in the levels of MCV and RDW-CV occurred in the 1st wave, in the 2nd wave for lymphocyte count, MCHC, PLT count, and RDW-SD, in the 3rd wave for WBC, RBC, neutrophil count, MCH, and PDW, and in the 4th wave for Hb, Hct, and ESR (p < 0.01). The median level of Hct, Hb, RBC, and ESR parameters were significantly higher, while the mean level of lymphocyte and were lower in men than in women (p < 0.001). Also, the mean neutrophil in deceased patients significantly was higher than in those with full recovered or partial recovery (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The findings of our study unveiled notable variations in hematological parameters across different pandemic waves, gender, and clinical outcomes. These findings indicate that the behavior of different strains of the COVID-19 may differ across various stages of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Charostad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid-Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Azadeh Shahrokhi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Faezeh Afkhami Aghda
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Yaser ghelmani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Pouria Pourzand
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Pourshaikhali
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahriar Dabiri
- Department of Pathology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Azam dehghani
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Akram Astani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid-Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nakhaie
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ehsan Kakavand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rahimi S, Bakht M, Javadi A, Foroughi F, Marashi SMA, Nikkhahi F. Characterization of novel bacteriophage PSKP16 and its therapeutic potential against β-lactamase and biofilm producer strain of K2-Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia infection in mice model. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:233. [PMID: 37612659 PMCID: PMC10464470 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02979-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe infections caused by β- lactamase producers, hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (BhvKp) with K2 serotype, highlight emergency need for new therapeutic strategies against this pathogen. We aimed to assess the efficacy of a novel phage, PSKP16, in the treating of pneumonia induced by BhvKp in mice models. METHOD Genome sequences of PSKP16 were analyzed, and associated information can be found in NCBI. We applied treatment in two ways: by using mice for immediate and delayed treatments. Moreover, acute pneumonia obtained by BhvKp with intranasal method, was characterized in terms of histopathology of pulmonary lesions, biomarkers of inflammation level, leukocytes cells infiltration extent in mice, and was assessed treatment of them with PSKP16 multiplicity of infection (MOI: 10), either individually or in combination with gentamicin. Assessment of the ability of PSKP16 to inhibit BhvKp biofilm was studied. RESULTS PSKP16 was associated with the Drexlerviridae family, and had a genome size of 46,712 bp, and 67 predicted ORFs. Herein, prompt phage administration's efficacy to decrease bacterial load and improve the survival rate in pneumonia models was faster than the synergism model with delay, but both almost displayed similar endpoints. The distribution of BhvKp strains in the lung was consistent with the histopathological findings, simultaneous inflammation, and level of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF α). The phage treatment presented a lack of severe lesions and alveolar edema, reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration, which not only was it not associated with an over-inflammation but also provided a faster correction of blood cell count abnormalities compared to gentamicin. Phage with a high concentration in in vitro model effectively eliminated biofilms. CONCLUSION It is essential to raise clinical awareness and management of BhvKp infections, signaled as the next superbug in waiting. The results of our study underscore the importance of PSKP16 as a phage with promising therapeutic potential in treating BhvKp-induced pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rahimi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mehdi Bakht
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Amir Javadi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Community Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Farshad Foroughi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Nikkhahi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Aghamohamadi N, Shahba F, Zarezadeh Mehrabadi A, Khorramdelazad H, Karimi M, Falak R, Emameh RZ. Age-dependent immune responses in COVID-19-mediated liver injury: focus on cytokines. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1139692. [PMID: 37654571 PMCID: PMC10465349 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1139692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is potentially pathogenic and causes severe symptoms; in addition to respiratory syndromes, patients might experience other severe conditions such as digestive complications and liver complications injury. The abnormality in the liver is manifested by hepatobiliary dysfunction and enzymatic elevation, which is associated with morbidity and mortality. The direct cytopathic effect, immune dysfunction, cytokine storm, and adverse effects of therapeutic regimens have a crucial role in the severity of liver injury. According to aging and immune system alterations, cytokine patterns may also change in the elderly. Moreover, hyperproduction of cytokines in the inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 can lead to multi-organ dysfunction. The mortality rate in elderly patients, particularly those with other comorbidities, is also higher than in adults. Although the pathogenic effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver has been widely studied, the impact of age and immune-mediated responses at different ages remain unclear. This review discusses the association between immune system responses in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients of different ages and liver injury, focusing on cytokine alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Aghamohamadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shahba
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zarezadeh Mehrabadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Milad Karimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Falak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Zolfaghari Emameh
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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Castleman MJ, Santos AL, Lesteberg KE, Maloney JP, Janssen WJ, Mould KJ, Beckham JD, Pelanda R, Torres RM. Activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production by unswitched memory B cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1213344. [PMID: 37638016 PMCID: PMC10449608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1213344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory B cells are comprised of unswitched (CD27+IgD+) and switched (CD27+IgD-) subsets. The origin and function of unswitched human memory B cells are debated in the literature, whereas switched memory B cells are primed to respond to recurrent infection. Unswitched memory B cells have been described to be reduced in frequency with severe SARS-CoV2 infection and here we characterize their activation status, BCR functionality, and contribution to virally-induced cytokine production. Analyses of whole blood from healthy individuals, people immunized against SARS-CoV2, and those who have had mild and severe SARS-CoV2 infection, confirm a reduction in the frequency of unswitched memory B cells during severe SARS-CoV2 infection and demonstrate this reduction is associated with increased levels of systemic TNFα. We further document how severe viral infection is associated with an increased frequency of 'IgD+' only memory B cells that correlate with increased IgG autoantibody levels. Unswitched and switched memory B cells from severe SARS-CoV2 infection displayed evidence of heightened activation with a concomitant reduction in the expression of the inhibitory receptor CD72. Functionally, both populations of memory B cells from severe SARS-COV2 infection harbored a signaling-competent BCR that displayed enhanced BCR signaling activity in the unswitched population. Finally, we demonstrate that B cells from mild SARS-CoV2 infection are poised to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα. Importantly, unswitched memory B cells were a major producer of IL-6 and switched memory B cells were a major producer of TNFα in response to viral TLR ligands. Together these data indicate that B cells contribute to the inflammatory milieu during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah J. Castleman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Adriana Luna Santos
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kelsey E. Lesteberg
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - James P. Maloney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - William J. Janssen
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kara J. Mould
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - J. David Beckham
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA, Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Roberta Pelanda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Raul M. Torres
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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Pi P, Zeng Z, Zeng L, Han B, Bai X, Xu S. Molecular mechanisms of COVID-19-induced pulmonary fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1218059. [PMID: 37601070 PMCID: PMC10436482 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1218059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As the outbreak of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first broke out in Hubei Province, China, at the end of 2019. It has brought great challenges and harms to global public health. SARS-CoV-2 mainly affects the lungs and is mainly manifested as pulmonary disease. However, one of the biggest crises arises from the emergence of COVID-19-induced fibrosis. At present, there are still many questions about how COVID-19 induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) occurs and how to treat and regulate its long-term effects. In addition, as an important process of fibrosis, the effect of COVID-19 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may be an important factor driving PF. This review summarizes the main pathogenesis and treatment mechanisms of COVID-19 related to PF. Starting with the basic mechanisms of PF, such as EMT, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, inflammation, macrophages, innate lymphoid cells, matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, hedgehog pathway as well as Notch signaling. Further, we highlight the importance of COVID-19-induced EMT in the process of PF and provide an overview of the related molecular mechanisms, which will facilitate future research to propose new clinical therapeutic solutions for the treatment of COVID-19-induced PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Pi
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Zeng
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Liqing Zeng
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Han
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xizhe Bai
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shousheng Xu
- School of Sports Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Martonik D, Parfieniuk-Kowerda A, Starosz A, Grubczak K, Moniuszko M, Flisiak R. Effect of antiviral and immunomodulatory treatment on a cytokine profile in patients with COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1222170. [PMID: 37483627 PMCID: PMC10358833 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The severity of COVID-19 is associated with an elevated level of a variety of inflammatory mediators. Increasing evidence suggests that the Th17 response contributes to the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia, whereas Th22 response plays a regulatory role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Two main types of available COVID-19 treatments are antivirals and immunomodulatory drugs; however, their effect on a cytokine profile is yet to be determined. Methods This study aim to analyse a cytokine profile in peripheral blood from patients with COVID-19 (n=44) undergoing antiviral or/and immunomodulatory treatment and healthy controls (n=20). Circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and their intracellular expression of IL-17A and IL-22 were assessed by flow cytometry. Results Initial results showed an overexpression of IL-17F, IL-17A, CCL5/RANTES, GM-CSF, IL-4, IL-10, CXCL-10/IP-10 and IL-6 in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls. Treatment with remdesivir resulted in a significant decline in concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, IFN-alpha and CXCL10/IP-10. Immunomodulatory treatment contributed to a significant downregulation of IL-10, IFN-alpha, CXCL10/IP-10 and B7-H3 as well as upregulation of IL-22 and IL-1 beta. A combination of an antiviral and immunomodulatory treatment resulted in a significant decrease in IL-17F, IL-10, IFN-alpha, CXCL10/IP-10 and B7-H3 levels as well as an increase in IL-17A and IL-1 beta. We found significantly higher percentage of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing IL-17A and CD4+ T cells producing IL-22 in patients with COVID-19. Conclusion Administration of antiviral or/and immunomodulatory treatment resulted in a significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and an upregulation of T cell absolute counts in most cases, thus showing effectiveness of treatment in COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection induced cytokine overexpression in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 as well as lymphopenia, particularly a decrease in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts. Moreover, despite the reduced counts of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, both subsets showed overactivation and increased expression of IL-17A and IL-22, thus targeting Th17 response might alleviate inflammatory response in severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Martonik
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Parfieniuk-Kowerda
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Starosz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Kamil Grubczak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Robert Flisiak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Krenytska D, Strubchevska K, Kozyk M, Vovk T, Halenova T, Kot L, Raksha N, Savchuk O, Falalyeyeva T, Tsyryuk O, Ostapchenko L. Circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines and angiogenesis-related growth factors in patients with osteoarthritis after COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1168487. [PMID: 37484856 PMCID: PMC10358362 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1168487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The disease COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, has a systemic effect and is associated with a number of pathophysiological mechanisms that mobilize a wide range of biomolecules. Cytokines and growth factors (GFs) are critical regulators of tissue damage or repair in osteoarthritis (OA) and are being recognized as key players in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. A clear understanding of the long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in patients with concomitant chronic diseases, is limited and needs to be elucidated. The study aimed to evaluate the degree of inflammation and levels of pro-angiogenic and hypoxic factors, as well as heat shock proteins HSP60 and HSP70 in plasma, of patients with OA after recovery from COVID-19. Methods The research involved patients of an orthopedic specialty clinic aged 39 to 80 diagnosed with knee OA. All examined patients were divided into three groups: the Control group included conditionally healthy donors, group OA included patients with knee OA mainly stage II or III and the group of OA and COVID-19 included patients with OA who had COVID-19. The plasma levels of pro-inflammatory molecules IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB, angiogenic factors VEGF, FGF-2, PDGF, hypoxic factor HIF-1α and molecular chaperones HSP60 and HSP70 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The study showed that in both groups of patients, with OA and convalescent COVID-19, there was an increase in the plasma level of IL-1β and a decrease in TNF-α and NF-κB levels when compared to healthy controls. Systemic deregulation of the cytokine profile was accompanied by reduction in plasma levels of pro-angiogenic growth factors, most pronounced in cases of VEGF and PDGF. This analysis did not reveal any significant difference in the plasma level of HIF-1α. A decrease in the level of stress protein HSP60 in the blood of patients with OA, as well as those patients who have had SARS-CoV-2 infection, has been established. Conclusion The results suggest the potential role pro-inflammatory cytokines and angiogenesis-related growth factors in pathogenesis of both joint pathologies and long-term systemic post-COVID-19 disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryna Krenytska
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Marko Kozyk
- William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, United States
| | - Tetiana Vovk
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Halenova
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Larysa Kot
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Raksha
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olexii Savchuk
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Falalyeyeva
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Tsyryuk
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla Ostapchenko
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
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