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Chirivi M, Contreras GA. Endotoxin-induced alterations of adipose tissue function: a pathway to bovine metabolic stress. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:53. [PMID: 38581064 PMCID: PMC10998405 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
During the periparturient period, dairy cows exhibit negative energy balance due to limited appetite and increased energy requirements for lactogenesis. The delicate equilibrium between energy availability and expenditure puts cows in a state of metabolic stress characterized by excessive lipolysis in white adipose tissues (AT), increased production of reactive oxygen species, and immune cell dysfunction. Metabolic stress, especially in AT, increases the risk for metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Around parturition, cows are also susceptible to endotoxemia. Bacterial-derived toxins cause endotoxemia by promoting inflammatory processes and immune cell infiltration in different organs and systems while impacting metabolic function by altering lipolysis, mitochondrial activity, and insulin sensitivity. In dairy cows, endotoxins enter the bloodstream after overcoming the defense mechanisms of the epithelial barriers, particularly during common periparturient conditions such as mastitis, metritis, and pneumonia, or after abrupt changes in the gut microbiome. In the bovine AT, endotoxins induce a pro-inflammatory response and stimulate lipolysis in AT, leading to the release of free fatty acids into the bloodstream. When excessive and protracted, endotoxin-induced lipolysis can impair adipocyte's insulin signaling pathways and lipid synthesis. Endotoxin exposure can also induce oxidative stress in AT through the production of reactive oxygen species by inflammatory cells and other cellular components. This review provides insights into endotoxins' impact on AT function, highlighting the gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying AT dysfunction, its connection with periparturient cows' disease risk, and the need to develop effective interventions to prevent and treat endotoxemia-related inflammatory conditions in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Chirivi
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - G Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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2
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da C. Pinaffi-Langley AC, Melia E, Hays FA. Exploring the Gut-Mitochondrial Axis: p66Shc Adapter Protein and Its Implications for Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3656. [PMID: 38612468 PMCID: PMC11011581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This review investigates the multifaceted role of the p66Shc adaptor protein and the gut microbiota in regulating mitochondrial function and oxidative stress, and their collective impact on the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. The study delves into the molecular mechanisms by which p66Shc influences cellular stress responses through Rac1 activation, Forkhead-type transcription factors inactivation, and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, alongside modulatory effects of gut microbiota-derived metabolites and endotoxins. Employing an integrative approach, the review synthesizes findings from a broad array of studies, including molecular biology techniques and analyses of microbial metabolites' impacts on host cellular pathways. The results underscore a complex interplay between microbial metabolites, p66Shc activation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, highlighting the significance of the gut microbiome in influencing disease outcomes through oxidative stress pathways. Conclusively, the review posits that targeting the gut microbiota-p66Shc-mitochondrial axis could offer novel therapeutic strategies for mitigating the development and progression of metabolic diseases. This underscores the potential of dietary interventions and microbiota modulation in managing oxidative stress and inflammation, pivotal factors in chronic disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara da C. Pinaffi-Langley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (A.C.d.C.P.-L.); (E.M.)
| | - Elizabeth Melia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (A.C.d.C.P.-L.); (E.M.)
| | - Franklin A. Hays
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (A.C.d.C.P.-L.); (E.M.)
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
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3
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Cani PD, Van Hul M. Gut microbiota in overweight and obesity: crosstalk with adipose tissue. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:164-183. [PMID: 38066102 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are characterized by excessive fat mass accumulation produced when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. One plausible way to control energy expenditure is to modulate thermogenic pathways in white adipose tissue (WAT) and/or brown adipose tissue (BAT). Among the different environmental factors capable of influencing host metabolism and energy balance, the gut microbiota is now considered a key player. Following pioneering studies showing that mice lacking gut microbes (that is, germ-free mice) or depleted of their gut microbiota (that is, using antibiotics) developed less adipose tissue, numerous studies have investigated the complex interactions existing between gut bacteria, some of their membrane components (that is, lipopolysaccharides), and their metabolites (that is, short-chain fatty acids, endocannabinoids, bile acids, aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands and tryptophan derivatives) as well as their contribution to the browning and/or beiging of WAT and changes in BAT activity. In this Review, we discuss the general physiology of both WAT and BAT. Subsequently, we introduce how gut bacteria and different microbiota-derived metabolites, their receptors and signalling pathways can regulate the development of adipose tissue and its metabolic capacities. Finally, we describe the key challenges in moving from bench to bedside by presenting specific key examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium.
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
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Steffen BT, Jacobs DR, Yi SY, Lees SJ, Shikany JM, Terry JG, Lewis CE, Carr JJ, Zhou X, Steffen LM. Long-term aspartame and saccharin intakes are related to greater volumes of visceral, intermuscular, and subcutaneous adipose tissue: the CARDIA study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:939-947. [PMID: 37443272 PMCID: PMC10511315 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial sweetener (ArtSw) intakes have been previously associated with higher BMI in observational studies and may promote visceral and skeletal muscle adipose tissue (AT) accumulation. This study aimed to determine whether habitual, long-term ArtSw or diet beverage intakes are related to greater AT depot volumes and anthropometry-related outcomes. METHODS A validated diet history questionnaire was administered at baseline, year 7, and year 20 examinations in 3088 men and women enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults cohort (CARDIA), mean age of 25.2 years and mean BMI of 24.5 kg/m2 at baseline. Volumes of visceral (VAT), intermuscular (IMAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were assessed by computed tomography at year 25. Linear regression evaluated associations of aspartame, saccharin, sucralose, total ArtSw, and diet beverage intakes with AT volumes, anthropometric measures, and 25-year change in anthropometry. Cox regression estimated associations of ArtSw with obesity incidence. Adjustments were made for demographic and lifestyle factors, total energy intake, and the 2015 healthy eating index. RESULTS Total ArtSw, aspartame, saccharin, and diet beverage intakes were positively associated with VAT, SAT, and IMAT volumes (all ptrend ≤ 0.001), but no associations were observed for sucralose intake (all ptrend > 0.05). In addition, total ArtSw, saccharin, aspartame, and diet beverage intakes were associated with greater body mass index, body weight, waist circumference, and their increases over a 25-year period. Except for saccharin (ptrend = 0.13), ArtSw, including diet soda, was associated with greater risks of incident obesity over a median 17.5-year follow-up (all ptrend < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that long-term intakes of aspartame, saccharin, or diet soda may increase AT deposition and risk of incident obesity independent of diet quality or caloric intake. Coupled with previous evidence, alternatives to national recommendations to replace added sugar with ArtSw should be considered since both may have health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Steffen
- Division of Computational Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - So-Yun Yi
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Simon J Lees
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - James M Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James G Terry
- Department of Radiology and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center (VTRACC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cora E Lewis
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John J Carr
- Department of Radiology and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center (VTRACC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xia Zhou
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Sun J, Germain A, Kaglan G, Servant F, Lelouvier B, Federici M, Fernandez-Real JM, Sala DT, Neagoe RM, Bouloumié A, Burcelin R. The visceral adipose tissue bacterial microbiota provides a signature of obesity based on inferred metagenomic functions. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:1008-1022. [PMID: 37488221 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic inflammation mediated obesity requires bacterial molecules to trigger immune and adipose cells leading to inflammation and adipose depot development. In addition to the well-established gut microbiota dysbiosis, a leaky gut has been identified in patients with obesity and animal models, characterized by the presence of a tissue microbiota in the adipose fat pads. METHODS To determine its potential role, we sequenced the bacterial 16 S rRNA genes in the visceral adipose depot of patients with obesity. Taking great care (surgical, biochemical, and bioinformatic) to avoid environmental contaminants. We performed statistical discriminant analyses to identify specific signatures and constructed network of interactions between variables. RESULTS The data showed that a specific 16SrRNA gene signature was composed of numerous bacterial families discriminating between lean versus patients with obesity and people with severe obesity. The main discriminant families were Burkholderiaceae, Yearsiniaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae, all of which were gram-negative. Interestingly, the Morganellaceae were totally absent from people without obesity while preponderant in all in patients with obesity. To generate hypotheses regarding their potential role, we inferred metabolic pathways from the 16SrRNA gene signatures. We identified several pathways associated with adenosyl-cobalamine previously described to be linked with adipose tissue development. We further identified chorismate biosynthesis, which is involved in aromatic amino-acid metabolism and could play a role in fat pad development. This innovative approach generates novel hypotheses regarding the gut to adipose tissue axis. CONCLUSIONS This innovative approach generates novel hypotheses regarding the gut to adipose tissue axis in obesity and notably the potential role of tissue microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuwen Sun
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), F-31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Alberic Germain
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), F-31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Gracia Kaglan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), F-31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | | | | | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - José Manuel Fernandez-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital of Girona 'Dr Josep Trueta'; Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica de Girona IdibGi; and CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion, Girona, Spain
| | - Daniela Tatiana Sala
- University of Medicine Pharmacy, Science and Technology "George Emil Palade" Tîrgu Mures, Second Department of Surgery, Emergency Mureş County Hospital, Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Radu Mircea Neagoe
- University of Medicine Pharmacy, Science and Technology "George Emil Palade" Tîrgu Mures, Second Department of Surgery, Emergency Mureş County Hospital, Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Anne Bouloumié
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), F-31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Rémy Burcelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France.
- Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), F-31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
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González-Alvarez ME, Roach CM, Keating AF. Scrambled eggs-Negative impacts of heat stress and chemical exposures on ovarian function in swine. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:503-516. [PMID: 36652419 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxicants and hyperthermia can hamper reproduction in female mammals including swine. Phenotypic manifestations include poor quality oocytes, endocrine disruption, infertility, lengthened time to conceive, pregnancy loss, and embryonic defects. The ovary has the capacity for toxicant biotransformation, regulated in part by the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase signaling pathway. The impacts of exposure to mycotoxins and pesticides on swine reproduction and the potential for an emerging chemical class of concern, the per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances, to hamper porcine reproduction are reviewed. The negative impairments of heat stress (HS) on swine reproductive outcomes are also described and the cumulative effect of environmental exposures, such as HS, when present in conjunction with a toxicant is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Estefanía González-Alvarez
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Crystal M Roach
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Aileen F Keating
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Guimarães VHD, Marinho BM, Motta-Santos D, Mendes GDRL, Santos SHS. Nutritional implications in the mechanistic link between the intestinal microbiome, renin-angiotensin system, and the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 113:109252. [PMID: 36509338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders represent a significant global health problem and the gut microbiota plays an important role in modulating systemic homeostasis. Recent evidence shows that microbiota and its signaling pathways may affect the whole metabolism and the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS), which in turn seems to modify microbiota. The present review aimed to investigate nutritional implications in the mechanistic link between the intestinal microbiome, renin-angiotensin system, and the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome components. A description of metabolic changes was obtained based on relevant scientific literature. The molecular and physiological mechanisms that impact the human microbiome were addressed, including the gut microbiota associated with obesity, diabetes, and hepatic steatosis. The RAS interaction signaling and modulation were analyzed. Strategies including the use of prebiotics, symbiotics, probiotics, and biotechnology may affect the gut microbiota and its impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Dantas Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Barbhara Mota Marinho
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Occupational Therapy - EEFFTO, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriela da Rocha Lemos Mendes
- Food Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Food Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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8
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Yamamoto K, Yamashita M, Oda M, Tjendana Tjhin V, Inagawa H, Soma GI. Oral Administration of Lipopolysaccharide Enhances Insulin Signaling-Related Factors in the KK/Ay Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054619. [PMID: 36902049 PMCID: PMC10003108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin, induces systemic inflammation by injection and is thought to be a causative agent of chronic inflammatory diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, our previous studies found that oral LPS administration does not exacerbate T2DM conditions in KK/Ay mice, which is the opposite of the response from LPS injection. Therefore, this study aims to confirm that oral LPS administration does not aggravate T2DM and to investigate the possible mechanisms. In this study, KK/Ay mice with T2DM were orally administered LPS (1 mg/kg BW/day) for 8 weeks, and blood glucose parameters before and after oral administration were compared. Abnormal glucose tolerance, insulin resistance progression, and progression of T2DM symptoms were suppressed by oral LPS administration. Furthermore, the expressions of factors involved in insulin signaling, such as insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1, thymoma viral proto-oncogene, and glucose transporter type 4, were upregulated in the adipose tissues of KK/Ay mice, where this effect was observed. For the first time, oral LPS administration induces the expression of adiponectin in adipose tissues, which is involved in the increased expression of these molecules. Briefly, oral LPS administration may prevent T2DM by inducing an increase in the expressions of insulin signaling-related factors based on adiponectin production in adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Yamamoto
- Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research Association, Takamatsu 761-0301, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamashita
- Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research Association, Takamatsu 761-0301, Japan
| | - Masataka Oda
- Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research Association, Takamatsu 761-0301, Japan
| | - Vindy Tjendana Tjhin
- Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research Association, Takamatsu 761-0301, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inagawa
- Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research Association, Takamatsu 761-0301, Japan
- Research Institute for Healthy Living, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-0841, Japan
| | - Gen-Ichiro Soma
- Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research Association, Takamatsu 761-0301, Japan
- Research Institute for Healthy Living, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-0841, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-87-813-9201
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9
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Liu W, Yang G, Liu P, Jiang X, Xin Y. Modulation of adipose tissue metabolism by microbial-derived metabolites. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1031498. [PMID: 36569060 PMCID: PMC9783635 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1031498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its complications, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers, have posed a significant burden on health and healthcare systems over the years due to their high prevalence and incidence. Gut microbial derivatives are necessary for the regulation of energy metabolism and host immunity, as well as for maintaining homeostasis of the intestinal environment. Gut flora metabolites may be a link between gut microbes and diseases, such as obesity, and help understand why alterations in the microbiota can influence the pathophysiology of human disease. This is supported by emerging evidence that microbial-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, tryptophan, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and lipopolysaccharides, can be beneficial or detrimental to the host by affecting organs outside the gut, including adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is the largest lipid storage organ in the body and an essential endocrine organ that plays an indispensable role in the regulation of lipid storage, metabolism, and energy balance. Adipose tissue metabolism includes adipocyte metabolism (lipogenesis and lipolysis), thermogenesis, and adipose tissue metabolic maladaptation. Adipose tissue dysfunction causes the development of metabolic diseases, such as obesity. Here, we review the current understanding of how these microbial metabolites are produced and discuss both established mechanisms and the most recent effects of microbial products on host adipose tissue metabolism. We aimed to identify novel therapeutic targets or strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyun Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pinyi Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Xin Jiang,
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Ying Xin,
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10
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Lebrun LJ, Pallot G, Nguyen M, Tavernier A, Dusuel A, Pilot T, Deckert V, Dugail I, Le Guern N, Pais De Barros JP, Benkhaled A, Choubley H, Lagrost L, Masson D, Gautier T, Grober J. Increased Weight Gain and Insulin Resistance in HF-Fed PLTP Deficient Mice Is Related to Altered Inflammatory Response and Plasma Transport of Gut-Derived LPS. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13226. [PMID: 36362012 PMCID: PMC9654699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS, endotoxins) are found in high amounts in the gut lumen. LPS can cross the gut barrier and pass into the blood (endotoxemia), leading to low-grade inflammation, a common scheme in metabolic diseases. Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) can transfer circulating LPS to plasma lipoproteins, thereby promoting its detoxification. However, the impact of PLTP on the metabolic fate and biological effects of gut-derived LPS is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the influence of PLTP on low-grade inflammation, obesity and insulin resistance in relationship with LPS intestinal translocation and metabolic endotoxemia. Wild-type (WT) mice were compared with Pltp-deficient mice (Pltp-KO) after a 4-month high-fat (HF) diet or oral administration of labeled LPS. On a HF diet, Pltp-KO mice showed increased weight gain, adiposity, insulin resistance, lipid abnormalities and inflammation, together with a higher exposure to endotoxemia compared to WT mice. After oral administration of LPS, PLTP deficiency led to increased intestinal translocation and decreased association of LPS to lipoproteins, together with an altered catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). Our results show that PLTP, by modulating the intestinal translocation of LPS and plasma processing of TRL-bound LPS, has a major impact on low-grade inflammation and the onset of diet-induced metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorène J. Lebrun
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Institut Agro Dijon, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Gaëtan Pallot
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Maxime Nguyen
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Dijon University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Annabelle Tavernier
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Institut Agro Dijon, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alois Dusuel
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Pilot
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Valérie Deckert
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Isabelle Dugail
- Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, UMR1269, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Naig Le Guern
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Paul Pais De Barros
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Lipidomic Analytic Plate-Forme, UBFC, Bâtiment B3, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Anissa Benkhaled
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Hélène Choubley
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Lipidomic Analytic Plate-Forme, UBFC, Bâtiment B3, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Lagrost
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - David Masson
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, François Mitterrand University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Gautier
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jacques Grober
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Institut Agro Dijon, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
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11
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Kang YE, Joung KH, Kim JM, Lee JH, Kim HJ, Ku BJ. Serum CD14 concentration is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in non-diabetic individuals. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221130010. [PMID: 36224747 PMCID: PMC9561661 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221130010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CD14 is a lipopolysaccharide-binding protein that serves as a marker of monocytes. The role of circulating CD14 in patients with obesity without diabetes remains unknown. Here, we characterized the relationships between serum CD14 concentration and metabolic parameters related to diabetes and obesity. METHODS We performed an observational, prospective case-control study. Eighty participants were evaluated: 26 drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 54 healthy individuals. We compared the circulating CD14 concentration and metabolic parameters of the participants with and without diabetes. RESULTS The circulating CD14 concentration did not significantly differ between the two groups, but was lower in participants with obesity than in lean controls. No significant associations existed between CD14 concentration and metabolic parameters in the participants with diabetes, but in those without diabetes, the circulating CD14 concentration significantly negatively correlated with body mass index; waist circumference; the concentrations of fasting insulin, 2-hour post-load glucose, 2-h post-load insulin, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; homeostasis model of assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance; and HOMA beta-cell function. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show associations of serum CD14 concentration with metabolic parameters in non-diabetic individuals. Circulating CD14 may represent a useful biomarker of metabolic dysfunction in non-diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea Eun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University
College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Hye Joung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University
College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Department of Endocrinology, Chungnam National University Sejong
Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University
College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Department of Endocrinology, Chungnam National University Sejong
Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University
College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University
College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Jeong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University
College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Bon Jeong Ku, Department of Internal
Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, 266, Munhwa-ro,
Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Resistin Modulates the Functional Activity of Colostral Macrophages from Mothers with Obesity and Diabetes. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102332. [DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity and diabetes are major public health problems. Resistin is an adipokine that links the two diseases. There are few reports regarding colostrum cells and resistin from mothers with obesity and diabetes. Thus, this study aimed to determine the functional activity of macrophages present in the breast milk and colostrum of diabetic mothers with obesity and the effects of resistin on these cells. Methods: The women were divided according to BMI and glycemic status into normal weight non-diabetic, obese non-diabetic, normal weight type 2 diabetic, or obese type 2 diabetic groups. ELISA determined the resistin in colostrum. The cell subsets and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry and the functional activity of cells by fluorescence microscopy. Results: The resistin levels were higher in the colostrum from diabetic mothers with obesity. The frequencies of CD14+ cells and cells expressing CD95+, independent of resistin treatment, were higher in the colostrum from diabetic mothers with obesity. The frequency of cells expressing CD14+CD95+ was higher in cells not treated with resistin in the colostrum from diabetic mothers with obesity. Apoptosis, irrespective of the presence of resistin, increased, whereas microbicidal activity decreased in cells from diabetic mothers with obesity. Conclusion: The data suggest that hyperglycemia associated with low-grade inflammation caused by obesity affects the percentage of cells expressing CD14+CD95+, death by apoptosis, and microbicidal indices; meanwhile, resistin restored the microbicidal activity of colostrum cells.
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13
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de Macedo LH, Souza COS, Gardinassi LG, Faccioli LH. CD14 regulates the metabolomic profiles of distinct macrophage subsets under steady and activated states. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Pomié C, Servant F, Garidou L, Azalbert V, Waget A, Klopp P, Garret C, Charpentier J, Briand F, Sulpice T, Lelouvier B, Douin-Echinard V, Burcelin R. CX3CR1 regulates gut microbiota and metabolism. A risk factor of type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:1035-1049. [PMID: 33754166 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The intestinal microbiota to immune system crosstalk is a major regulator of metabolism and hence metabolic diseases. An impairment of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1, as a key regulator shaping intestinal microbiota under normal chow feeding, could be one of the early events of dysglycemia. METHODS We studied the gut microbiota ecology by sequencing the gut and tissue microbiota. We studied its role in energy metabolism in CX3CR1-deficent and control mice using various bioassays notably the glycemic regulation during fasting and the respiratory quotient as two highly sensitive physiological features. We used antibiotics and prebiotics treatments, and germ free mouse colonization. RESULTS We identify that CX3CR1 disruption impairs gut microbiota ecology and identified a specific signature associated to the genotype. The glycemic control during fasting and the respiratory quotient throughout the day are deeply impaired. A selected four-week prebiotic treatment modifies the dysbiotic microbiota and improves the fasting state glycemic control of the CX3CR1-deficent mice and following a glucose tolerance test. A 4 week antibiotic treatment also improves the glycemic control as well. Eventually, germ free mice colonized with the microbiota from CX3CR1-deficent mice developed glucose intolerance. CONCLUSIONS CX3CR1 is a molecular mechanism in the control of the gut microbiota ecology ensuring the maintenance of a steady glycemia and energy metabolism. Its impairment could be an early mechanism leading to gut microbiota dysbiosis and the onset of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Pomié
- Institut National de La Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques Et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Evotec, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Servant
- VAIOMER, Prologue Biotech, Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Labège Innopole, France
| | - Lucile Garidou
- Institut National de La Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques Et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Vincent Azalbert
- Institut National de La Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques Et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Aurélie Waget
- Institut National de La Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques Et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Pascale Klopp
- Institut National de La Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques Et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Céline Garret
- Institut National de La Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques Et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Julie Charpentier
- Institut National de La Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques Et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Francois Briand
- PHYSIOGENEX, Prologue Biotech, Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Labège Innopole, France
| | - Thierry Sulpice
- PHYSIOGENEX, Prologue Biotech, Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Labège Innopole, France
| | - Benjamin Lelouvier
- VAIOMER, Prologue Biotech, Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Labège Innopole, France
| | - Victorine Douin-Echinard
- Institut National de La Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France.
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques Et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
| | - Rémy Burcelin
- Institut National de La Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France.
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques Et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
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15
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Obesity Drives an Oral Microbiota Signature of Female Patients with Periodontitis: A Pilot Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11050745. [PMID: 33919425 PMCID: PMC8143370 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the link between oral microbiota and obesity in humans. We conducted a pilot study including 19 subjects with periodontitis divided into two groups: normo-weighted subjects (NWS) with a body mass index (BMI) between 20 and 25 (n = 9) and obese subjects (OS) with a BMI > 30 (n = 10). Obesity was associated with a poor oral health status characterized by an increased number of missing teeth and a higher score of periodontal-support loss associated with dysbiotic oral microbiota (39.45 ± 3.74 vs. 26.41 ± 11.21, p = 0.03 for the Chao 1 index). Oral microbiota taxonomic analysis showed that the abundance of the Capnocytophaga genus was higher (2.47% ± 3.02 vs. 0.27% ± 0.29, p = 0.04) in OS compared to NWS. Obese females (OF) were characterized by an increase in the Streptococcus genus (34.12% ± 14.29 vs. 10.55% ± 10.42, p = 0.05) compared to obese males (OM), where the Neisseria genus was increased (5.75% ± 5.03 vs. 58.05% ± 30.64, p = 0.008). These first data suggest that sex/gender is determinant in the link between oral dysbiotic microbiota and obesity in patients with periodontitis. Our results could lead to recommendations concerning therapeutic strategies for obese patients with periodontitis following the sex/gender.
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16
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Feng B, Zhu Y, Yan L, Yan H, Huang X, Jiang D, Li Z, Hua L, Zhuo Y, Fang Z, Che L, Lin Y, Xu S, Huang C, Zou Y, Li L, Wu D. Ursolic acid induces the production of IL6 and chemokines in both adipocytes and adipose tissue. Adipocyte 2020; 9:523-534. [PMID: 32876525 PMCID: PMC7714451 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1814545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation plays an important role in the regulation of glucose and lipids metabolism. It is unknown whether Ursolic acid (UA) could regulate adipose tissue inflammation, though it can regulate inflammation in many other tissues. In this study, 3T3-L1 adipocytes, DIO mice and lean mice were treated with UA or vehicle. Gene expression of inflammatory factors, chemokines and immune markers in adipocytes and adipose tissue, cytokines in cell culture medium and serum, and inflammation regulatory pathways in adipocytes were detected. Results showed that UA increased the expression of interleukins and chemokines, but not TNFα, in both adipocytes and adipose tissue. IL6 and MCP1 levels in the cell culture medium and mouse serum were induced by UA treatment. Cd14 expression level and number of CD14+ monocytes were higher in UA treated adipose tissue than those in the control group. Glucose tolerance test was impaired by UA treatment in DIO mice. Mechanistically, UA induced the expression of Tlr4 and the phosphorylation levels of ERK and NFκB in adipocytes. In conclusion, our study indicated that short-term UA administration could induce CD14+ monocytes infiltration by increasing the production of interleukins and chemokines in mouse adipose tissue, which might further impair glucose tolerance test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingguo Zhu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijun Yan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lixia Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - De Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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17
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Mutual Interplay of Host Immune System and Gut Microbiota in the Immunopathology of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228729. [PMID: 33227973 PMCID: PMC7699263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the key for the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence has revealed that an altered gut microbiome (dysbiosis) triggers both local and systemic inflammation to cause chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. There have been some microbiome-relevant pro-inflammatory mechanisms proposed to link the relationships between dysbiosis and atherosclerosis such as gut permeability disruption, trigger of innate immunity from lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and generation of proatherogenic metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Meanwhile, immune responses, such as inflammasome activation and cytokine production, could reshape both composition and function of the microbiota. In fact, the immune system delicately modulates the interplay between microbiota and atherogenesis. Recent clinical trials have suggested the potential of immunomodulation as a treatment strategy of atherosclerosis. Here in this review, we present current knowledge regarding to the roles of microbiota in contributing atherosclerotic pathogenesis and highlight translational perspectives by discussing the mutual interplay between microbiota and immune system on atherogenesis.
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18
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Sánchez-Tapia M, Miller AW, Granados-Portillo O, Tovar AR, Torres N. The development of metabolic endotoxemia is dependent on the type of sweetener and the presence of saturated fat in the diet. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1801301. [PMID: 32804018 PMCID: PMC7524302 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1801301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat and sweeteners contribute to obesity. However, it is unknown whether specific bacteria are selectively modified by different caloric and noncaloric sweeteners with or without a high-fat diet (HFD). Here, we combined extensive host phenotyping and shotgun metagenomics of the gut microbiota to investigate this question. We found that the type of sweetener and its combination with an HFD selectively modified the gut microbiota. Sucralose and steviol glycosides led to the lowest α-diversity of the gut microbiota. Sucralose increased the abundance of B. fragilis in particular, resulting in a decrease in the abundance of occludin and an increase in proinflammatory cytokines, glucose intolerance, fatty acid oxidation and ketone bodies. Sucrose+HFD showed the highest metabolic endotoxemia, weight gain, body fat, total short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), serum TNFα concentration and glucose intolerance. Consumption of sucralose or sucrose resulted in enrichment of the bacterial genes involved in the synthesis of LPS and SCFAs. Notably, brown sugar and honey were associated with the absence of metabolic endotoxemia, increases in bacterial gene diversity and anti-inflammatory markers such as IL-10 and sIgA, the maintenance of glucose tolerance and energy expenditure, similar to the control group, despite the consumption of an HFD. These findings indicate that the type of sweetener and an HFD selectively modify the gut microbiota, bacterial gene enrichment of metabolic pathways involved in LPS and SCFA synthesis, and metabolic endotoxemia associated with different metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Sánchez-Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Aaron W. Miller
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Omar Granados-Portillo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Armando R. Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
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19
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Elias-Oliveira J, Leite JA, Pereira ÍS, Guimarães JB, Manso GMDC, Silva JS, Tostes RC, Carlos D. NLR and Intestinal Dysbiosis-Associated Inflammatory Illness: Drivers or Dampers? Front Immunol 2020; 11:1810. [PMID: 32903730 PMCID: PMC7438795 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome maintains a close relationship with the host immunity. This connection fosters a health state by direct and indirect mechanisms. Direct influences occur mainly through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), gastrointestinal hormones and precursors of bioactive molecules. Indirect mechanisms comprise the crosstalk between bacterial products and the host's innate immune system. Conversely, intestinal dysbiosis is a condition found in a large number of chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, as well as in diseases associated with low-grade inflammation, such as obesity, type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. NOD-Like receptors (NLRs) are cytoplasmic receptors expressed by adaptive and innate immune cells that form a multiprotein complex, termed the inflammasome, responsible for the release of mature interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. NLRs are also involved in the recognition of bacterial components and production of antimicrobial molecules that shape the gut microbiota and maintain the intestinal homeostasis. Recent novel findings show that NLRs may act as positive or negative regulators of inflammation by modulating NF-κB activation. This mini-review presents current and updated evidence on the interplay between NLRs and gut microbiota and their dual role, contributing to progression or conferring protection, in diabetes and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Elias-Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Antônio Leite
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Sousa Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jhefferson Barbosa Guimarães
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Martins da Costa Manso
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João Santana Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rita Cássia Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniela Carlos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Wu KKL, Cheung SWM, Cheng KKY. NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Adipose Tissues and Its Implications on Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4184. [PMID: 32545355 PMCID: PMC7312293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an active endocrine and immune organ that controls systemic immunometabolism via multiple pathways. Diverse immune cell populations reside in adipose tissue, and their composition and immune responses vary with nutritional and environmental conditions. Adipose tissue dysfunction, characterized by sterile low-grade chronic inflammation and excessive immune cell infiltration, is a hallmark of obesity, as well as an important link to cardiometabolic diseases. Amongst the pro-inflammatory factors secreted by the dysfunctional adipose tissue, interleukin (IL)-1β, induced by the NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, not only impairs peripheral insulin sensitivity, but it also interferes with the endocrine and immune functions of adipose tissue in a paracrine manner. Human studies indicated that NLRP3 activity in adipose tissues positively correlates with obesity and its metabolic complications, and treatment with the IL-1β antibody improves glycaemia control in type 2 diabetic patients. In mouse models, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 activation pathways or IL-1β prevents adipose tissue dysfunction, including inflammation, fibrosis, defective lipid handling and adipogenesis, which in turn alleviates obesity and its related metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize both the negative and positive regulators of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and its pathophysiological consequences on immunometabolism. We also discuss the potential therapeutic approaches to targeting adipose tissue inflammasome for the treatment of obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kenneth King-Yip Cheng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (K.K.-L.W.); (S.W.-M.C.)
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21
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Wang J, Chen WD, Wang YD. The Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Diseases: The Role of Macrophages. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1065. [PMID: 32582063 PMCID: PMC7296120 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota, an integral part of the human body, comprise bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protozoa. There is consensus that the disruption of the gut microbiota (termed “gut dysbiosis”) is influenced by host genetics, diet, antibiotics, and inflammation, and it is closely linked to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, such as obesity and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Macrophages are the key players in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis by eliminating invading pathogens and exhibit extreme plasticity of their phenotypes, such as M1 or M2, which have been demonstrated to exert pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. Microbiota-derived metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), exert anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory effects by acting on macrophages. Understanding the role of macrophages in gut microbiota-inflammation interactions might provide us a novel method for preventing and treating inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent research on the relationship between gut microbiota and inflammation and discuss the important role of macrophages in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, Hebi People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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22
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Golonka RM, Xiao X, Abokor AA, Joe B, Vijay-Kumar M. Altered nutrient status reprograms host inflammation and metabolic health via gut microbiota. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 80:108360. [PMID: 32163821 PMCID: PMC7242157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of macro- and micronutrients is a complex and highly regulated biological process. An imbalance in the metabolites and their signaling networks can lead to nonresolving inflammation and consequently to the development of chronic inflammatory-associated diseases. Therefore, identifying the accumulated metabolites and altered pathways during inflammatory disorders would not only serve as "real-time" markers but also help in the development of nutritional therapeutics. In this review, we explore recent research that has delved into elucidating the effects of carbohydrate/calorie restriction, protein malnutrition, lipid emulsions and micronutrient deficiencies on metabolic health and inflammation. Moreover, we describe the integrated stress response in terms of amino acid starvation and lipemia and how this modulates new age diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and atherosclerosis. Lastly, we explain the latest research on metaflammation and inflammaging. This review focuses on multiple signaling pathways, including, but not limited to, the FGF21-β-hydroxybutryate-NLRP3 axis, the GCN2-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway, the von Hippel-Lindau/hypoxia-inducible transcription factor pathway and the TMAO-PERK-FoxO1 axis. Additionally, throughout the review, we explain how the gut microbiota responds to altered nutrient status and also how antimicrobial peptides generated from nutrient-based signaling pathways can modulate the gut microbiota. Collectively, it must be emphasized that metabolic starvation and inflammation are strongly regulated by both environmental (i.e., nutrition, gut microbiome) and nonenvironmental (i.e., genetics) factors, which can influence the susceptibility to inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Golonka
- UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614
| | - Xia Xiao
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ahmed A Abokor
- UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614
| | - Bina Joe
- UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614.
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23
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Yermak IM, Volod’ko AV, Khasina EI, Davydova VN, Chusovitin EA, Goroshko DL, Kravchenko AO, Solov’eva TF, Maleev VV. Inhibitory Effects of Carrageenans on Endotoxin-Induced Inflammation. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E248. [PMID: 32397584 PMCID: PMC7281451 DOI: 10.3390/md18050248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of carrageenans (CRGs) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation in a mouse model of endotoxemia and in complex therapy of patients with enteric infections of Salmonella etiology were studied. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) examination of LPS and its mixture with CRGs showed that the LPS morphology is significantly changed under the action of κ- and κ/β-CRGs. CRGs were able to increase the synthesis of anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10) in vitro, and, at low concentrations, their activity in the mixture with LPS was higher. The protective effect of CRGs against Escherichia coli LPS was studied in vivo by monitoring the biochemical and pathomorphological parameters. The κ- and κ/β-CRGs and food supplement "Carrageenan-FE" increased the nonspecific resistance of mice to E. coli LPS at the expense of the inhibition of processes of thymus involution, adrenals hypertrophy, thyroid atrophy, hypercorticoidism, glycogenolysis, and lactate acidosis. The estimation of the therapeutic action of food supplement Carrageenan-FE in complex therapy of patients with enteric infections of Salmonella etiology is given. Carrageenan-FE restores the system of hemostasis and corrects some biochemical indicators and parameters in the immune systems of patients. These results allow us to hope for the practical application of CRGs for lowering the endotoxemia level in patients under the development of the infectious process caused by Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina M. Yermak
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.V.V.); (V.N.D.); (A.O.K.); (T.F.S.)
| | - Aleksandra V. Volod’ko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.V.V.); (V.N.D.); (A.O.K.); (T.F.S.)
| | - Eleonora I. Khasina
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia;
| | - Viktoriya N. Davydova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.V.V.); (V.N.D.); (A.O.K.); (T.F.S.)
| | - Evgeniy A. Chusovitin
- Institute for Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Radio St., Vladivostok 690041, Russia; (E.A.C.); (D.L.G.)
| | - Dmitry L. Goroshko
- Institute for Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Radio St., Vladivostok 690041, Russia; (E.A.C.); (D.L.G.)
- Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova St., Vladivostok 690950, Russia
| | - Anna O. Kravchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.V.V.); (V.N.D.); (A.O.K.); (T.F.S.)
| | - Tamara F. Solov’eva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.V.V.); (V.N.D.); (A.O.K.); (T.F.S.)
| | - Victor V. Maleev
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, 3a, Novogireyevskaya St., Moscow 111123, Russia;
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24
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Baptista LS. Adipose stromal/stem cells in regenerative medicine: Potentials and limitations. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1-7. [PMID: 32110271 PMCID: PMC7031762 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents the stem and progenitor cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue, briefly comparing them with their bone marrow counterparts, and discussing their potential for use in regenerative medicine. Subcutaneous adipose tissue differs from other mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) sources in that it contains a pre-adipocyte population that dwells in the adventitia of robust blood vessels. Pre-adipocytes are present both in the stromal-vascular fraction (SVF; freshly isolated cells) and in the adherent fraction of adipose stromal/stem cells (ASCs; in vitro expanded cells), and have an active role on the chronic inflammation environment established in obesity, likely due their monocytic-macrophage lineage identity. The SVF and ASCs have been explored in cell therapy protocols with relative success, given their paracrine and immunomodulatory effects. Importantly, the widely explored multipotentiality of ASCs has direct application in bone, cartilage and adipose tissue engineering. The aim of this editorial is to reinforce the peculiarities of the stem and progenitor cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue, revealing the spheroids as a recently described biotechnological tool for cell therapy and tissue engineering. Innovative cell culture techniques, in particular 3D scaffold-free cultures such as spheroids, are now available to increase the potential for regeneration and differentiation of mesenchymal lineages. Spheroids are being explored not only as a model for cell differentiation, but also as powerful 3D cell culture tools to maintain the stemness and expand the regenerative and differentiation capacities of mesenchymal cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra Santos Baptista
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Campus Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25245-390, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Campus I, Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
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25
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The Gut Microbiota in Cardiovascular Disease and Arterial Thrombosis. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120691. [PMID: 31847071 PMCID: PMC6956001 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has emerged as a contributing factor in the development of atherosclerosis and arterial thrombosis. Metabolites from the gut microbiota, such as trimethylamine N-oxide and short chain fatty acids, were identified as messengers that induce cell type-specific signaling mechanisms and immune reactions in the host vasculature, impacting the development of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, microbial-associated molecular patterns drive atherogenesis and the microbiota was recently demonstrated to promote arterial thrombosis through Toll-like receptor signaling. Furthermore, by the use of germ-free mouse models, the presence of a gut microbiota was shown to influence the synthesis of endothelial adhesion molecules. Hence, the gut microbiota is increasingly being recognized as an influencing factor of arterial thrombosis and attempts of dietary pre- or probiotic modulation of the commensal microbiota, to reduce cardiovascular risk, are becoming increasingly significant.
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26
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Shitole SG, Biggs ML, Reiner AP, Mukamal KJ, Djoussé L, Ix JH, Barzilay JI, Tracy RP, Siscovick D, Kizer JR. Soluble CD14 and CD14 Variants, Other Inflammatory Markers, and Glucose Dysregulation in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:2075-2082. [PMID: 31471378 PMCID: PMC6804612 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-0723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Experimental studies have implicated soluble (s)CD14, an effector of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, in insulin resistance, but its role in human metabolic endotoxemia has not been studied. We evaluated sCD14 in relation to dysglycemia in older adults and how this compares to other markers of inflammation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated associations of sCD14, interleukin-6 (IL-6), CRP, and white blood cell (WBC) count with insulin resistance (quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index and HOMA 2 of insulin resistance) and incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based cohort of older adults. We also assessed the causal role of sCD14 in insulin resistance using an instrumental variable approach by Mendelian randomization. RESULTS After adjustment for conventional risk factors, each of the four biomarkers showed positive cross-sectional associations with both insulin resistance measures. These associations persisted after mutual adjustment for all markers except sCD14. Over a median follow-up of 11.6 years, 466 cases of diabetes occurred. All biomarkers except sCD14 were positively associated with diabetes, although only WBC count remained associated (hazard ratio 1.43 per doubling [95% CI 1.07, 1.90]) after mutual adjustment. Instrumental variable analysis did not support a causal role for sCD14 in insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Among older adults, sCD14 was associated with insulin resistance, but this disappeared after adjustment for other biomarkers, showed no evidence of a causal basis, and was not accompanied by a similar association with diabetes. IL-6, CRP, and WBC count were each associated with insulin resistance and diabetes, WBC count most robustly. These findings do not support a central role for sCD14, but they highlight the preeminence of WBC count as an inflammatory measure of diabetes risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyog G Shitole
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA.,University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Luc Djoussé
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Joachim H Ix
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Joshua I Barzilay
- Kaiser Permanente Georgia Region, Atlanta, GA.,Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | - Jorge R Kizer
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA .,University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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27
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Tilg H, Zmora N, Adolph TE, Elinav E. The intestinal microbiota fuelling metabolic inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 20:40-54. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Wu Z, Zhang Z, Lei Z, Lei P. CD14: Biology and role in the pathogenesis of disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 48:24-31. [PMID: 31296363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 is a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that enhances innate immune responses. CD14 was first identified as a marker of monocytes to signal intracellular responses upon bacterial encounters. Given the absence of an intracellular tail, CD14 was doubted to have the signaling capacities. Later CD14 was confirmed as the TLR co-receptor for the detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. However, CD14 has been revealed as a multi-talented receptor. In last decade, CD14 was identified to activate NFAT to regulate the life cycle of myeloid cells in a TLR4-independent manner and to transport inflammatory lipids to induce phagocyte hyperactivation. And its influences on multiple related diseases have been further considered. In this review, we summarize advancements in the basic biology of the CD14 including its structure, binding ligands, signaling pathways, and its roles in the pathogenesis of inflammation, atherosclerosis, tumor and metabolic diseases. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting the CD14 in related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhenxiong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Zehua Lei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Vojdani A, Vojdani E. Reaction of antibodies to Campylobacter jejuni and cytolethal distending toxin B with tissues and food antigens. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:1050-1066. [PMID: 30862994 PMCID: PMC6406185 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i9.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bacteria Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is commonly associated with Guillane-Barré syndrome (GBS) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but studies have also linked it with Miller Fisher syndrome, reactive arthritis and other disorders, some of which are autoimmune. It is possible that C. jejuni and its toxins may be cross-reactive with some human tissues and food antigens, potentially leading to autoimmune responses.
AIM To measure the immune reactivity of C. jejuni and C. jejuni cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) antibodies with tissue and food antigens to examine their role in autoimmunities.
METHODS Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methodology, specific antibodies made against C. jejuni and C. jejuni Cdt were applied to a variety of microwell plates coated with 45 tissues and 180 food antigens. The resulting immunoreactivities were compared to reactions with control wells coated with human serum albumin (HSA) which were used as negative controls and with wells coated with C. jejuni lysate or C. jejuni Cdt which served as positive controls.
RESULTS At 3 SD above the mean of control wells coated with HSA or 0.41 OD, the mouse monoclonal antibody made against C. jejuni showed moderate to high reactions with zonulin, somatotropin, acetylcholine receptor, β-amyloid and presenilin. This immune reaction was low with an additional 25 tissue antigens including asialoganglioside, and the same antibody did not react at all with another 15 tissue antigens. Examining the reaction between C. jejuni antibody and 180 food antigens, we found insignificant reactions with 163 foods but low to high immune reactions with 17 food antigens. Similarly, we examined the reaction of C. jejuni Cdt with the same tissues and food antigens. The strongest reactions were observed with zonulin, intrinsic factor and somatotropin. The reaction was moderate with 9 different tissue antigens including thyroid peroxidase, and reaction was low with another 10 different antigens, including neuronal antigens. The reaction of C. jejuni Cdt antibody with an additional 23 tissue antigens was insignificant. Regarding the reaction of C. jejuni Cdt antibody with different food antigens, 160 out of 180 foods showed insignificant reactions, while 20 foods showed reactions ranging from low to high.
CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that C. jejuni and its Cdt may play a role in inflammation and autoimmunities beyond the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristo Vojdani
- Immunosciences Lab., Inc., Los Angeles, CA 90035, United States
- Cyrex Labs, LLC., Phoenix, AZ 85034, United States
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Elroy Vojdani
- Regenera Medical, Los Angeles, CA 90025, United States
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Mateo-Gallego R, Pérez-Calahorra S, Lamiquiz-Moneo I, Marco-Benedí V, Bea AM, Fumanal AJ, Prieto-Martín A, Laclaustra M, Cenarro A, Civeira F. Effect of an alcohol-free beer enriched with isomaltulose and a resistant dextrin on insulin resistance in diabetic patients with overweight or obesity. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:475-483. [PMID: 30879735 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The quality of carbohydrates has an essential role in nutritional management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) because of its substantial impact on glucose homeostasis. Alcohol-free beer has beneficial bioactive components but it has a relatively high glycemic-index so its consumption is restricted in diabetic subjects. We aimed to explore the effect of an alcohol-free beer with modified carbohydrate composition almost completely eliminating maltose and adding isomaltulose (16.5 g/day) and a resistant maltodextrin (5.28 g/day) in comparison to a regular alcohol-free beer on glycemic control of diabetic subjects with overweight or obesity. DESIGN We randomized 41 subjects into two groups: a) consumption of 66 cL/day of; regular alcohol-free beer for the first 10 weeks and 66 cL/day of alcohol-free beer with modified carbohydrate composition for the next 10 weeks; b) the same described intervention in opposite order. There was a washout period for 6-8 weeks between the two interventions. Participants were counseled to adhere to a healthy diet for cardiovascular health and to increase physical activity. Clinical, biochemical, anthropometric, lifestyle and satiety assessments were performed at the beginning and at the end of each period. RESULTS Subjects showed significantly weight loss after the two ten weeks periods (-1.69 ± 3.21% and -1.77 ± 3.70% after experimental and regular alcohol-free beers, respectively, P = 0.881). Glucose and glycated hemoglobin did not significantly change after any period. Insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR significantly decreased (-11.1 [-21.3-4.64]% and -1.92 ± 32.8% respectively) after the intake of experimental alcohol-free beer but not after regular alcohol-free beer. Reductions remained statistically significant after adjusting for weight loss, energy intake, physical activity and intervention order. Subjects reported higher satiety scores after consuming experimental alcohol-free beer. CONCLUSIONS An alcohol-free beer including the substitution of regular carbohydrates for low doses of isomaltulose and the addition of a resistant maltodextrin within meals led to an improvement in insulin resistance in subjects with T2DM and overweight or obesity. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The clinical trial has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03337828).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Mateo-Gallego
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain; Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sofía Pérez-Calahorra
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Itziar Lamiquiz-Moneo
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Victoria Marco-Benedí
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M Bea
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - Martín Laclaustra
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain; Fundación Aragón Investigación y Desarrollo (ARAID), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Cenarro
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando Civeira
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain; Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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31
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Gut microbiota: a potential manipulator for host adipose tissue and energy metabolism. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 64:206-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Clemente-Postigo M, Oliva-Olivera W, Coin-Aragüez L, Ramos-Molina B, Giraldez-Perez RM, Lhamyani S, Alcaide-Torres J, Perez-Martinez P, El Bekay R, Cardona F, Tinahones FJ. Metabolic endotoxemia promotes adipose dysfunction and inflammation in human obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E319-E332. [PMID: 30422702 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00277.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Impaired adipose tissue (AT) lipid handling and inflammation is associated with obesity-related metabolic diseases. Circulating lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from gut microbiota (metabolic endotoxemia), proposed as a triggering factor for the low-grade inflammation in obesity, might also be responsible for AT dysfunction. Nevertheless, this hypothesis has not been explored in human obesity. To analyze the relationship between metabolic endotoxemia and AT markers for lipogenesis, lipid handling, and inflammation in human obesity, 33 patients with obesity scheduled for surgery were recruited and classified according to their LPS levels. Visceral and subcutaneous AT gene and protein expression were analyzed and adipocyte and AT in vitro assays performed. Subjects with obesity with a high degree of metabolic endotoxemia had lower expression of key genes for AT function and lipogenesis ( SREBP1, FABP4, FASN, and LEP) but higher expression of inflammatory genes in visceral and subcutaneous AT than subjects with low LPS levels. In vitro experiments corroborated that LPS are responsible for adipocyte and AT inflammation and downregulation of PPARG, SCD, FABP4, and LEP expression and LEP secretion. Thus, metabolic endotoxemia influences AT physiology in human obesity by decreasing the expression of factors involved in AT lipid handling and function as well as by increasing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Clemente-Postigo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria/Universidad de Málaga. Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Málaga , Spain
| | - Wilfredo Oliva-Olivera
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria/Universidad de Málaga. Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Málaga , Spain
| | - Leticia Coin-Aragüez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria/Universidad de Málaga. Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Málaga , Spain
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria/Universidad de Málaga. Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Málaga , Spain
| | - Rosa María Giraldez-Perez
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de Málaga , Spain
| | - Said Lhamyani
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario/Universidad de Málaga , Málaga , Spain
| | - Juan Alcaide-Torres
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria/Universidad de Málaga. Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Málaga , Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Málaga , Spain
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba , Cordoba , Spain
| | - Rajaa El Bekay
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Málaga , Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario/Universidad de Málaga , Málaga , Spain
| | - Fernando Cardona
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria/Universidad de Málaga. Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Málaga , Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria/Universidad de Málaga. Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Málaga , Spain
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Zhang-Sun W, Tercé F, Burcelin R, Novikov A, Serino M, Caroff M. Structure function relationships in three lipids A from the Ralstonia genus rising in obese patients. Biochimie 2019; 159:72-80. [PMID: 30703476 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The identification of a functional molecular moiety relating the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) to their capacity to induce inflammation-mediated metabolic diseases needed to be performed. We previously described a proportional increase in the relative abundance of the 16 SrDNA bacterial gene from the genus Ralstonia, within the microbiota from the adipose tissue stroma vascular fraction of obese patients, suggesting a causal role of the bacteria. Therefore, we first characterized the structures of the lipids A, the inflammatory inducing moieties of LPSs, of three Ralstonia species: Ralstonia eutropha, R. mannitolilytica and R. pickettii, and then compared each, in terms of in vitro inflammatory capacities. R. pickettii lipid A displaying only 5 Fatty Acids (FA) was a weaker inducer of inflammation, compared to the two other species harboring hexa-acylated lipids A, despite the presence of 2 AraN substituents on the phosphate groups. With regard to in vitro pro-inflammatory activities, TNF-α and IL-6 inducing capacities were compared on THP-1 cells treated with LPSs isolated from the three Ralstonia. R. pickettii, with low inflammatory capacities, and recently involved in nosocomial outcomes, could explain the low inflammatory level reported in previous studies on diabetic patients and animals. In addition, transmission electron microscopy was performed on the three Ralstonia species. It showed that the R. pickettii under-acylated LPSs, with a higher level of phosphate substitution had the capacity of producing more outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). The latter could facilitate transfer of LPSs to the blood and explain the increased low-grade inflammation observed in obese/diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang-Sun
- I2BC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, Université de Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - François Tercé
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires de Rangueil I(2)MC, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Remy Burcelin
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires de Rangueil I(2)MC, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexey Novikov
- LPS-BioSciences, I2BC, Bâtiment 409, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Matteo Serino
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires de Rangueil I(2)MC, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Martine Caroff
- I2BC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, Université de Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France; LPS-BioSciences, I2BC, Bâtiment 409, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.
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Resveratrol, Metabolic Syndrome, and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111651. [PMID: 30400297 PMCID: PMC6266067 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenol which has been shown to have beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome-related alterations in experimental animals, including glucose and lipid homeostasis improvement and a reduction in fat mass, blood pressure, low-grade inflammation, and oxidative stress. Clinical trials have been carried out to address its potential; however, results are still inconclusive. Even though resveratrol is partly metabolized by gut microbiota, the relevance of this “forgotten organ” had not been widely considered. However, in the past few years, data has emerged suggesting that the therapeutic potential of this compound may be due to its interaction with gut microbiota, reporting changes in bacterial composition associated with beneficial metabolic outcomes. Even though data is still scarce and for the most part observational, it is promising nevertheless, suggesting that resveratrol supplementation could be a useful tool for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and its associated conditions.
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Charpentier J, Waget A, Klopp P, Magnan C, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Lee SJ, Burcelin R, Grasset E. Lixisenatide requires a functional gut-vagus nerve-brain axis to trigger insulin secretion in controls and type 2 diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G671-G684. [PMID: 30070580 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00348.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) regulates glucose-induced insulin secretion through both direct β-cell-dependent and indirect gut-brain axis-dependent pathways. However, little is known about the mode of action of the GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide. We studied the effects of lixisenatide (intraperitoneal injection) on insulin secretion, gastric emptying, vagus nerve activity, and brain c-Fos activation in naive, chronically vagotomized, GLP-1 receptor knockout (KO), high-fat diet-fed diabetic mice, or db/db mice. Lixisenatide dose-dependently increased oral glucose-induced insulin secretion that is correlated with a decrease of glycemia. In addition, lixisenatide inhibited gastric emptying. These effects of lixisenatide were abolished in vagotomized mice, characterized by a delay of gastric emptying and in GLP-1 receptor KO mice. Intraperitoneal administration of lixisenatide also increased the vagus nerve firing rate and the number of c-Fos-labeled neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of the brainstem. In diabetic mouse models, lixisenatide increased the firing rate of the vagus nerve when administrated simultaneously to an intraduodenal glucose. It increased also insulin secretion and c-Fos activation in the NTS. Altogether, our findings show that lixisenatide requires a functional vagus nerve and neuronal gut-brain-islets axis as well as the GLP-1 receptor to regulate glucose-induced insulin secretion in healthy and diabetic mice. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Lixisenatide is an agonist of the glucagon-like protein (GLP)-1 receptor, modified from exendin 4, used to treat type 2 diabetic patients. However, whereas the mode of action of endogenous GLP-1 is extensively studied, the mode of action of the GLP-1 analog lixisenatide is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that lixisenatide activates the vagus nerve and recruits the gut-brain axis through the GLP-1 receptor to decrease gastric emptying and stimulate insulin secretion to improve glycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Charpentier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Toulouse , France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Aurélie Waget
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Toulouse , France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Pascale Klopp
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Toulouse , France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Denis Diderot, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8251, Paris , France
| | - Céline Cruciani-Guglielmacci
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Denis Diderot, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8251, Paris , France
| | - Shin Jae Lee
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Burcelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Toulouse , France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Estelle Grasset
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Toulouse , France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse Cedex, France
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36
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Velasquez MT. Altered Gut Microbiota: A Link Between Diet and the Metabolic Syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2018; 16:321-328. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2017.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel T. Velasquez
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
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Abstract
The gut microbiota has been recognized as an important factor in the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and is considered an endocrine organ involved in the maintenance of energy homeostasis and host immunity. Dysbiosis can change the functioning of the intestinal barrier and the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) by allowing the passage of structural components of bacteria, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which activate inflammatory pathways that may contribute to the development of insulin resistance. Furthermore, intestinal dysbiosis can alter the production of gastrointestinal peptides related to satiety, resulting in an increased food intake. In obese people, this dysbiosis seems be related to increases of the phylum Firmicutes, the genus Clostridium, and the species Eubacterium rectale, Clostridium coccoides, Lactobacillus reuteri, Akkermansia muciniphila, Clostridium histolyticum, and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Corado Gomes
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (LABINCE), Faculty of Nutrition, Goiás Federal University, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil,CONTACT Dra. Aline Corado Gomes Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (LABINCE), Faculty of Nutrition, Goiás Federal University, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, St. 227, Block 68, Goiânia GO, Brazil
| | - Christian Hoffmann
- Department of Food Sciences and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Felipe Mota
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (LABINCE), Faculty of Nutrition, Goiás Federal University, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Obese Subjects With Specific Gustatory Papillae Microbiota and Salivary Cues Display an Impairment to Sense Lipids. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6742. [PMID: 29713004 PMCID: PMC5928223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Some obese subjects overeat lipid-rich foods. The origin of this eating behavior is unknown. We have here tested the hypothesis that these subjects could be characterized by an impaired fatty taste sensitivity linked to a change in the gustatory papillae microbial and salivary environment. The composition of microbiota and saliva surrounding the circumvallate papillae was analyzed in combination with the orosensory lipid detection threshold in normal weight (NW) and obese (O) adults. Microbial architecture was similar to what was known in feces, but with an increased frequency of Proteobacteria. No difference in the orosensory sensitivity to lipids and composition of oral microbiota and saliva was observed between NW and O subjects. By contrast, specific bacterial and salivary signatures were found in lipid non-tasters, irrespectively of BMI. A multivariate approach highlighted that the salivary flow, lysozyme activity, total antioxidant capacity and TM7 bacterial family discriminated between tasters and non-tasters. Subgroup analysis of obese tasters (OT) versus obese non-tasters (ONT) identified specific bacterial metabolic pathways (i.e. phosphotransferase and simple sugar transport systems) as being higher in ONT. Altogether with the identification of a set of significant salivary variables, our study suggests that an "obese tongue" phenotype is associated with decreased orosensory sensitivity to lipids in some obese subjects.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolic surgery is recommended for the treatment of type 2 diabetes for its potent ability to improve glycemic control. However, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of metabolic surgery are still under investigation. We provide an updated review of recent studies into the molecular underpinnings of metabolic surgery, focusing in on what is known about the role of gut microbiota. Over the last 7 years several reports have been published on the topic, however the field is expanding rapidly. RECENT FINDINGS Studies have now linked the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, neuronal and intestinal adaptations, and hormonal and nutrient signaling pathways to gut microbiota. Given that the composition of gut microbiota is altered by metabolic surgery, investigating the potential mechanism and outcomes of this change are now a priority to the field. SUMMARY As evidence for a role for microbiota builds, we expect future patients may receive microbe-based therapeutics to improve surgical outcomes and perhaps one day preclude the need for surgical therapies all together. In this review and perspective, we evaluate the current state of the field and its future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey C. E. Peck
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Randy J. Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Randy J. Seeley, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC Building 26-343N, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Phone: +1 (734) 615-2880;
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Role of microbiota-derived lipopolysaccharide in adipose tissue inflammation, adipocyte size and pyroptosis during obesity. Nutr Res Rev 2018; 31:153-163. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954422417000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIt has been established that ingestion of a high-fat diet increases the blood levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria in the gut. Obesity is characterised by low-grade systemic and adipose tissue inflammation. This is suggested to be implicated in the metabolic syndrome and obesity. In the present review, we hypothesise that LPS directly and indirectly participates in the inflammatory reaction in adipose tissue during obesity. The experimental evidence shows that LPS is involved in the transition of macrophages from the M2 to the M1 phenotype. In addition, LPS inside adipocytes may activate caspase-4/5/11. This may induce a highly inflammatory type of programmed cell death (i.e. pyroptosis), which also occurs after infection with intracellular pathogens. Lipoproteins with or without LPS are taken up by adipocytes. Large adipocytes are more metabolically active and potentially more exposed to LPS than small adipocytes are. Thus, LPS might be involved in defining the adipocyte death size and the formation of crown-like structures. The adipocyte death size is reached when the intracellular concentration of LPS initiates pyroptosis. The mechanistic details remain to be elucidated, but the observations indicate that adipocytes are stimulated to cell death by processes that involve LPS from the gut microbiota. There is a complex interplay between the composition of the diet and microbiota. This influences the amount of LPS that is translocated from the gut. In particular, the lipid content of a meal may correlate with the amount of LPS built in to chylomicrons.
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Li X, Watanabe K, Kimura I. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Drives and Implies Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Diabetes Mellitus and Related Metabolic Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1882. [PMID: 29326727 PMCID: PMC5742320 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence over the past decade has linked the development of metabolic syndrome related to diabetes to variations in gut microbiota, an emerging, critical homeostatic regulator of host energy metabolism and immune responses. Mechanistic studies in rodent models have revealed an ever-increasing multitude of molecular mechanisms whereby the gut microbiota interacts with various host sensing and signaling pathways, leading to modulation of endocrine system, immune responses, nervous system activity, and hence, the predisposition to metabolic diseases. Remarkably, the microbiota-driven immune responses in metabolic tissues and the host nutrient-sensing mechanisms of gut microbial metabolites, in particular short-chain fatty acids, have been significantly associated with the proneness to diabetes and related disorders. This review will synthesize the recent efforts on unraveling the mediating role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, aiming to reveal new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Watanabe
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), affecting at least 30% of adults in the Western World, is characterized by three out of five variables, from high triglycerides, to elevated waist circumference and blood pressure. MetS is not characterized by elevated cholesterolemia, but is rather the consequence of a complex interaction of factors generally leading to increased insulin resistance. Drug treatments are of difficult handling, whereas well-characterized nutraceuticals may offer an effective alternative. Among these, functional foods, e.g. plant proteins, have been shown to improve insulin resistance and reduce triglyceride secretion. Pro- and pre-biotics, that are able to modify intestinal microbiome, reduce absorption of specific nutrients and improve the metabolic handling of energy-rich foods. Finally, specific nutraceuticals have proven to be of benefit, in particular, red-yeast rice, berberine, curcumin as well as vitamin D. All these can improve lipid handling by the liver as well as ameliorate insulin resistance. While lifestyle approaches, such as with the Mediterranean diet, may prove to be too complex for the single patient, better knowledge of selected nutraceuticals and more appropriate formulations leading to improved bioavailability will certainly widen the use of these agents, already in large use for the management of these very frequent patient groups. Key messages Functional foods, e.g. plant proteins, improve insulin resistance. Pro- and pre-biotics improve the metabolic handling of energy-rich foods. Nutraceutical can offer a significant help in handling MetS patients being part of lifestyle recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare R Sirtori
- a Centro Dislipidemie , A.S.S.T. Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda , Milan , Italy
| | - Chiara Pavanello
- b Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centro E. Grossi Paoletti , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Laura Calabresi
- b Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centro E. Grossi Paoletti , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- c Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
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Serino M, Nicolas S, Trabelsi MS, Burcelin R, Blasco-Baque V. Young microbes for adult obesity. Pediatr Obes 2017; 12:e28-e32. [PMID: 27135640 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbes are active participants of host metabolism. At birth, child physiology is committed towards healthiness or sickness depending, in part, on maternal condition (i.e. lean vs obesity) and delivery. Finally, changes from breastfeeding to solid food also account to define gut microbiota ecology in adulthood. Nowadays, alterations of gut microbiota, named dysbiosis, are acquired risk factors for multiple diseases, especially type 2 diabetes and obesity. Despite important evidence linking nutrition to dysbiosis to energetic dysmetabolism, molecular mechanisms for causality are still missing. That the status of gut microbiota of mother and child is crucial for future diseases is witnessed by adulthood overweight and obesity observed in children with dysbiosis. In this short review we highlight the importance of early life events related to the microbiota and their impact on future adult disease risk. Therefore, our effort to treat or prevent metabolic diseases should be addressed towards early or previous life steps, when microbial decisions are going to affect our metabolic fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Serino
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France.,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France
| | - S Nicolas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France.,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France
| | - M-S Trabelsi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France.,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France
| | - R Burcelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France.,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France
| | - V Blasco-Baque
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France.,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France.,L.U. 51 « Parodontites et Maladies Générales », Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Toulouse, France
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Endotoxemia-mediated activation of acetyltransferase P300 impairs insulin signaling in obesity. Nat Commun 2017; 8:131. [PMID: 28743992 PMCID: PMC5526866 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00163-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and obesity are characterized by insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation. An elevated plasma concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) caused by increased intestinal permeability during diet-induced obesity promotes insulin resistance in mice. Here, we show that LPS induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and protein levels of P300, an acetyltransferase involved in glucose production. In high-fat diet fed and genetically obese ob/ob mice, P300 translocates from the nucleus into the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. We also demonstrate that LPS activates the transcription factor XBP1 via the ER stress sensor IRE1, resulting in the induction of P300 which, in turn, acetylates IRS1/2, inhibits its association with the insulin receptor, and disrupts insulin signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of P300 acetyltransferase activity by a specific inhibitor improves insulin sensitivity and decreases hyperglycemia in obese mice. We suggest that P300 acetyltransferase activity may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of obese patients.Elevated plasma LPS levels have been associated with insulin resistance. Here Cao et al. show that LPS induces ER stress and P300 activity via the XBP1/IRE1 pathway. P300 acetylates IRS1/2 and inhibits its binding with the insulin receptor. The consequent impairment of insulin signaling can be rescued by pharmacological inhibition of P300.
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Burcelin R. [Gut microbiota and immune crosstalk in metabolic disease]. Biol Aujourdhui 2017; 211:1-18. [PMID: 28682223 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2017008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the review is to discuss about the role played by the defence crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the intestinal immune system, in the development of metabolic disease focusing on obesity and diabetes. Starting from physiological and pathological stand points and based on the latest published data, this review is addressing how the concept of the hologenome theory of evolution can drive the fate of metabolic disease. The notion of "metabolic infection" to explain the "metabolic inflammation" is discussed. This imply comments about the process of bacterial translocation and impaired intestinal immune defense against commensals. Eventually this review sets the soil for personalized medicine. The monthly increase in the number of publications on the gut microbiota to intestinal immune defense and the control of metabolism demonstrate the importance of this field of investigation. The notion of commensal as "self or non-self" has to be reevaluated in the light of the current data. Furthermore, data demonstrate the major role played by short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, LPS, peptidoglycans, indole derivatives, and other bacteria-related molecules on the shaping of cells involved in the intestinal protection against commensals is now becoming a central player in the incidence of metabolic diseases. The literature demonstrates that the onset of metabolic diseases and some specific co-morbidities can be explained by a gut microbiota to intestinal immune system crosstalk. Therefore, one should now consider this avenue of investigation as a putative source of biomarkers and therapeutic targets to personalize the treatment of metabolic disease and its co-morbidities. Gut microbiota is considered as a major regulator of metabolic disease. This reconciles the notion of metabolic inflammation and the epidemic development of the disease. In addition to evidence showing that a specific gut microbiota characterizes patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hepatic steatosis, the mechanisms causal to the disease could be related to the translocation of microbiota from the gut to the tissues, which induces inflammation. The mechanisms regulating such a process are based on the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the host immune system. The hologenome theory of evolution supports this concept and implies that therapeutic strategies aiming to control glycemia should take into account both the gut microbiota and the host immune system. This review discusses the latest evidence regarding the bidirectional impact of the gut microbiota on host immune system crosstalk for the control of metabolic disease, hyperglycemia, and obesity. To avoid redundancies with the literature, we will focus our attention on the intestinal immune system, identifying evidence for the generation of novel therapeutic strategies, which could be based on the control of the translocation of gut bacteria to tissues. Such novel strategies should hamper the role played by gut microbiota dysbiosis on the development of metabolic inflammation. Recent evidence in rodents allows us to conclude that an impaired intestinal immune system characterizes and could be causal in the development of metabolic disease. The fine understanding of the molecular mechanisms should allow for the development of a first line of treatment for metabolic disease and its co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Burcelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 31024 Toulouse, France - Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Hôpital Rangueil, 31400 Toulouse, France - Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Microbial Impact on Host Metabolism: Opportunities for Novel Treatments of Nutritional Disorders? Microbiol Spectr 2017; 5. [DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.bad-0002-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Malnutrition is the cause of major public health concerns worldwide. On the one hand, obesity and associated pathologies (also known as the metabolic syndrome) affect more than 10% of the world population. Such pathologies might arise from an elevated inflammatory tone. We have discovered that the inflammatory properties of high-fat diets were linked to the translocation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We proposed a mechanism associating the gut microbiota with the onset of insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation, a phenomenon that we called “metabolic endotoxemia.” We and others have shown that bacteria as well as host-derived immune-related elements control microbial communities and eventually contribute to the phenotype observed during diet-induced obesity, diabetes, and metabolic inflammation. On the other hand, undernutrition is one of the leading causes of death in children. A diet poor in energy and/or nutrients causes incomplete development of the gut microbiota and may profoundly affect energy absorption, initiating stunted growth, edema, and diarrhea. In this review, we discuss how changes in microbiota composition are associated with obesity and undernutrition. We also highlight that opposite consequences exist in terms of energy absorption from the diet (obesity versus undernutrition), but interestingly the two situations share similar defects in term of diversity, functionality, and inflammatory potential.
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Le Sage F, Meilhac O, Gonthier MP. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induces pro-inflammatory adipokine secretion and oxidative stress by regulating Toll-like receptor-mediated signaling pathways and redox enzymes in adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 446:102-110. [PMID: 28216438 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota LPS contributes to obesity-related chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, promoting insulin resistance. Periodontal disease also represents a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and is associated with obesity. This study compared the effect of LPS from P. gingivalis periodontopathogen and E. coli enterobacteria on inflammatory adipokine secretion and redox status of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We found that both LPS activated TLR2- and TLR4-mediated signaling pathways involving MyD88 adaptor and NFκB transcription factor, leading to an increased secretion of leptin, resistin, IL-6 and MCP-1. These effects were partly blocked by inhibitors targeting p38 MAPK, JNK and ERK. Moreover, P. gingivalis LPS reduced adiponectin secretion. Both LPS also enhanced ROS production and the expression of NOX2, NOX4 and iNOS genes. P. gingivalis LPS altered catalase gene expression. Collectively, these results showed that LPS of periodontal bacteria induced pro-inflammatory adipokine secretory profile and oxidative stress in adipocytes which may participate to obesity-related insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Le Sage
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France; CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, F-97400, France
| | - Marie-Paule Gonthier
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France.
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48
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Blasco-Baque V, Garidou L, Pomié C, Escoula Q, Loubieres P, Le Gall-David S, Lemaitre M, Nicolas S, Klopp P, Waget A, Azalbert V, Colom A, Bonnaure-Mallet M, Kemoun P, Serino M, Burcelin R. Periodontitis induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis drives periodontal microbiota dysbiosis and insulin resistance via an impaired adaptive immune response. Gut 2017; 66:872-885. [PMID: 26838600 PMCID: PMC5531227 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify a causal mechanism responsible for the enhancement of insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia following periodontitis in mice fed a fat-enriched diet. DESIGN We set-up a unique animal model of periodontitis in C57Bl/6 female mice by infecting the periodontal tissue with specific and alive pathogens like Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia. The mice were then fed with a diabetogenic/non-obesogenic fat-enriched diet for up to 3 months. Alveolar bone loss, periodontal microbiota dysbiosis and features of glucose metabolism were quantified. Eventually, adoptive transfer of cervical (regional) and systemic immune cells was performed to demonstrate the causal role of the cervical immune system. RESULTS Periodontitis induced a periodontal microbiota dysbiosis without mainly affecting gut microbiota. The disease concomitantly impacted on the regional and systemic immune response impairing glucose metabolism. The transfer of cervical lymph-node cells from infected mice to naive recipients guarded against periodontitis-aggravated metabolic disease. A treatment with inactivated Pg prior to the periodontal infection induced specific antibodies against Pg and protected the mouse from periodontitis-induced dysmetabolism. Finally, a 1-month subcutaneous chronic infusion of low rates of lipopolysaccharides from Pg mimicked the impact of periodontitis on immune and metabolic parameters. CONCLUSIONS We identified that insulin resistance in the high-fat fed mouse is enhanced by pathogen-induced periodontitis. This is caused by an adaptive immune response specifically directed against pathogens and associated with a periodontal dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Blasco-Baque
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France,Faculté de Chirurgie-Dentaire de Toulouse, Technical platform of Research in Odontology, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Lucile Garidou
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Pomié
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Quentin Escoula
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Loubieres
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France,Faculté de Chirurgie-Dentaire de Toulouse, Technical platform of Research in Odontology, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | | | - Mathieu Lemaitre
- Faculté de Chirurgie-Dentaire de Toulouse, Technical platform of Research in Odontology, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Simon Nicolas
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Klopp
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Waget
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Azalbert
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - André Colom
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | | | - Philippe Kemoun
- Faculté de Chirurgie-Dentaire de Toulouse, Technical platform of Research in Odontology, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Matteo Serino
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Rémy Burcelin
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
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Singh RG, Pendharkar SA, Plank LD, Petrov MS. Role of human lipocalin proteins in abdominal obesity after acute pancreatitis. Peptides 2017; 91:1-7. [PMID: 28279688 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipocalin proteins are small regulatory peptides implicated in metabolism, inflammation, and immunity. Although lipocalin proteins have been linked to various clinical conditions, their role in the acute inflammatory setting, such as acute pancreatitis (AP), has only been sparsely investigated. Two members of the lipocalin family, lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) and retinol binding protein -4 (RBP-4), play an important role in obesity and insulin resistance. In this study, we analysed circulating levels of LCN-2 and RBP-4 in 92 individuals after AP, of whom 41 individuals had abdominal obesity and 51 did not. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to determine whether abdominal obesity was associated with the two lipocalin proteins. Lipocalin-2 was significantly associated with abdominal obesity in the unadjusted model (Odds ratio (OR)=1.014 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.000, 1.028], P=0.05) and after adjusting for patient related (age, ethnicity, and diabetes mellitus) and pancreatitis related (aetiology, severity, recurrence, and duration of AP) characteristics (OR=1.018 [95% CI: 1.001, 1.036], p=0.04). Further, the association of LCN-2 with waist circumference was significant in individuals with alcohol aetiology of AP (β=1.082 [95% CI: 1.011, 1.158], p=0.02]. The association between RBP-4 and abdominal obesity was not significant in both unadjusted and adjusted models. These findings indicate that circulating levels of LCN-2 in patients after AP may play a role in chronic low grade inflammation associated with abdominal adiposity and that alcohol consumption may further exacerbate adipose tissue dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruma G Singh
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Lindsay D Plank
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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50
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Blasco-Baque V, Coupé B, Fabre A, Handgraaf S, Gourdy P, Arnal JF, Courtney M, Schuster-Klein C, Guardiola B, Tercé F, Burcelin R, Serino M. Associations between hepatic miRNA expression, liver triacylglycerols and gut microbiota during metabolic adaptation to high-fat diet in mice. Diabetologia 2017; 60:690-700. [PMID: 28105518 PMCID: PMC6518927 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Despite the current pandemic of metabolic diseases, our understanding of the diverse nature of the development of metabolic alterations in people who eat a high-fat diet (HFD) is still poor. We recently demonstrated a cardio-metabolic adaptation in mice fed an HFD, which was characterised by a specific gut and periodontal microbiota profile. Since the severity of hepatic disease is characterised by specific microRNA (miRNA) signatures and the gut microbiota is a key driver of both hepatic disease and miRNA expression, we analysed the expression of three hepatic miRNA and studied their correlation with hepatic triacylglycerol content and gut microbiota. METHODS Two cohorts of C57BL/6 4-week-old wild-type (WT) male mice (n = 62 and n = 96) were fed an HFD for 3 months to provide a model of metabolic adaptation. Additionally 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice, either WT or of different genotypes, with diverse gut microbiota (ob/ob, Nod1, Cd14 knockout [Cd14KO] and Nod2) or without gut microbiota (axenic mice) were fed a normal chow diet. Following which, glycaemic index, body weight, blood glucose levels and hepatic triacylglycerol levels were measured. Gut (caecum) microbiota taxa were analysed by pyrosequencing. To analyse hepatic miRNA expression, real-time PCR was performed on total extracted miRNA samples. Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA followed by the Dunnett's post hoc test, or by the unpaired Student's t test. A cluster analysis and multivariate analyses were also performed. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the expression of miR-181a, miR-666 and miR-21 in primary murine hepatocytes is controlled by lipopolysaccharide in a dose-dependent manner. Of the gut microbiota, Firmicutes were positively correlated and Proteobacteria and Bacteroides acidifaciens were negatively correlated with liver triacylglycerol levels. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Firmicutes was negatively correlated with hepatic expression of miR-666 and miR-21. In contrast, the relative abundance of B. acidifaciens was positively correlated with miR-21. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We propose the involvement of hepatic miRNA, liver triacylglycerols and gut microbiota as a new triad that underlies the molecular mechanisms by which gut microbiota governs hepatic pathophysiology during metabolic adaptation to HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Blasco-Baque
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Aurelie Fabre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Sandra Handgraaf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | | | - Carole Schuster-Klein
- Pôle d'Innovation Thérapeutique Métabolisme, Recherche de Découvertes, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Beatrice Guardiola
- Pôle d'Innovation Thérapeutique Métabolisme, Recherche de Découvertes, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - François Tercé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Rémy Burcelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Matteo Serino
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Toulouse, France.
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1220, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Purpan, Place du Docteur Baylac, CS 60039, 31024, Toulouse, Cedex 3, France.
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