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Ariaee A, Salim M, Boyd BJ, Prestidge C, Joyce P. Montmorillonite restricts free fatty acid liberation and alters self-assembled structures formed during in vitro lipid digestion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 675:660-669. [PMID: 38991280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The global rise in obesity necessitates innovative weight loss strategies. Naturally occurring smectite clays, such as montmorillonite (MMT), offer promise due to their unique properties that interfere with free fatty acid (FFA) liberation, reducing systemic uptake. However, the mechanisms of MMT-FFA interactions and their implications for weight management are undefined. This study investigates these interactions by adding MMT (10 % w/w) to in vitro lipolysis media containing medium chain triglycerides (MCTs), and monitoring FFA liberation using pH-stat titration. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering (sSAXS) observed time-dependent structural changes, while electron microscopy examined clay morphology during digestion. A 35 % reduction in FFA liberation occurred after 25 min of digestion with MCT + MMT, with digestion kinetics following a biphasic model driven by calcium soap formation. NTA revealed a 17-fold decrease in vesicular structures with MCT + MMT, and sSAXS highlighted a rapid lamellar phase evolution linked to calcium soap formation. This acceleration is attributed to MMT's adsorption to unionized FFAs via hydrogen bonding, supported by TEM images showing a decrease in d-spacing, indicating FFA intercalation is not the main adsorption mechanism. These findings highlight MMT's potential as a novel intervention for reducing dietary lipid absorption in obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ariaee
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Malinda Salim
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clive Prestidge
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Paul Joyce
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
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2
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Babula JJ, Bui D, Stevenson HL, Watowich SJ, Neelakantan H. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibition mitigates obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:5272-5282. [PMID: 39161060 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM To assess the effects of a small-molecule nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) inhibitor, 5A1MQ, on body composition, metabolic variables, fatty liver pathologies, and circulating biomarkers in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, and characterize its plasma pharmacokinetics (PK) and tissue distribution in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS DIO mice were administered vehicle or 5A1MQ once daily for 28 days. Longitudinal measures of body composition, blood glucose and plasma insulin levels, and terminal measures of liver histopathology and serum markers, were evaluated. Plasma and tissue PK were established in age- and strain-matched mice after intravenous, oral, and subcutaneous dosing of 5A1MQ. RESULTS 5A1MQ treatment dose-dependently limited body weight and fat mass gains, improved oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and suppressed hyperinsulinaemia in DIO mice. Liver histology from 5A1MQ-treated DIO mice showed attenuated hepatic steatosis and macrophage infiltration, and correspondingly reduced liver weight, size, and triglyceride levels. 5A1MQ treatment normalized circulating levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and ketone bodies, supporting an overall improvement in liver and metabolic functions. The pharmacodynamic effects of 5A1MQ were further corroborated by its high systemic exposure and effective distribution to metabolically active tissues, including adipose, muscle and liver, following subcutaneous dosing of mice. CONCLUSIONS This work validates NNMT inhibition as a viable pharmacological approach to ameliorate metabolic imbalances and improve liver pathologies that develop with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dinh Bui
- Ridgeline Therapeutics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Heather L Stevenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Stanley J Watowich
- Ridgeline Therapeutics, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
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3
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Niu Z, Hildebrand S, Kappes S, Ali ME, Vogel M, Mikhael M, Ran D, Kozak J, Wiedner M, Richter DF, Lamprecht A, Pfeifer A. Enhanced browning of adipose tissue by mirabegron-microspheres. J Control Release 2024; 375:601-613. [PMID: 39278357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged as an attractive target for combating obesity. However, pharmacological activation of energy expenditure by BAT and/or induction of browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) has been hampered by cardiovascular side effects. To address these concerns, we developed polylactide-co-glycolide acid (PLGA) microspheres loaded with mirabegron (MIR), a selective beta-3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) agonist, to achieve sustained local induction and activation of thermogenic adipocytes. MIR-loaded PLGA microspheres (MIR-MS) effectively activated brown adipocytes and enhanced the thermogenic program in white adipocytes. Moreover, treating isolated inguinal WAT (iWAT) with MIR-MS resulted in increased expression of browning markers and elevated lipolysis mainly via ADRB3. In mice, injection of MIR-MS over four weeks induced browning of iWAT at the injection site. Importantly, local MIR-MS injection successfully mitigated unwanted cardiovascular risks, including high systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate, as compared to MIR-treated mice. Finally, injecting MIR-MS into human subcutaneous WAT led to a significant induction of lipolysis and an increase in the expression of thermogenic marker uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Taken together, our findings indicate that MIR-MS function as a local drug release system that induces browning of human and murine subcutaneous WAT while mitigating undesirable cardiovascular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheming Niu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Staffan Hildebrand
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kappes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mohamed Ehab Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Vogel
- Pharmacogenomic, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Mickel Mikhael
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Danli Ran
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Kozak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Wiedner
- Institut ID, Beethoven Clinic, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk F Richter
- Institut ID, Beethoven Clinic, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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4
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Quiroga D, Roman B, Salih M, Daccarett-Bojanini WN, Garbus H, Ebenebe OV, Dodd-O JM, O'Rourke B, Kohr M, Das S. Sex-dependent phosphorylation of Argonaute 2 reduces the mitochondrial translocation of miR-181c and induces cardioprotection in females. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 194:59-69. [PMID: 38880194 PMCID: PMC11345856 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Obesity-induced cardiac dysfunction is growing at an alarming rate, showing a dramatic increase in global prevalence. Mitochondrial translocation of miR-181c in cardiomyocytes results in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during obesity. ROS causes Sp1, a transcription factor for MICU1, to be degraded via post-translational modification. The subsequent decrease in MICU1 expression causes mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation, ultimately leading to a propensity for heart failure. Herein, we hypothesized that phosphorylation of Argonaute 2 (AGO2) at Ser 387 (in human) or Ser 388 (in mouse) inhibits the translocation of miR-181c into the mitochondria by increasing the cytoplasmic stability of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Initially, estrogen offers cardioprotection in pre-menopausal females against the consequences of mitochondrial miR-181c upregulation by driving the phosphorylation of AGO2. Neonatal mouse ventricular myocytes (NMVM) treated with insulin showed an increase in pAGO2 levels and a decrease in mitochondrial miR-181c expression by increasing the binding affinity of AGO2-GW182 in the RISC. Thus, insulin treatment prevented excessive ROS production and mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation. In human cardiomyocytes, we overexpressed miR-181c to mimic pathological conditions, such as obesity/diabetes. Treatment with estradiol (E2) for 48 h significantly lowered miR-181c entry into the mitochondria through increased pAGO2 levels. E2 treatment also normalized Sp1 degradation and MICU1 transcription that normally occurs in response to miR-181c overexpression. We then investigated these findings using an in vivo model, with age-matched male, female and ovariectomized (OVX) female mice. Consistent with the E2 treatment, we show that female hearts express higher levels of pAGO2 and thus, exhibit higher association of AGO2-GW182 in cytoplasmic RISC. This results in lower expression of mitochondrial miR-181c in female hearts compared to male or OVX groups. Further, female hearts had fewer consequences of mitochondrial miR-181c expression, such as lower Sp1 degradation and significantly decreased MICU1 transcriptional regulation. Taken together, this study highlights a potential therapeutic target for conditions such as obesity and diabetes, where miR-181c is upregulated. NEW AND NOTEWORTHY: In this study, we show that the phosphorylation of Argonaute 2 (AGO2) stabilizes the RNA-induced silencing complex in the cytoplasm, preventing miR-181c entry into the mitochondria. Furthermore, we demonstrate that treatment with estradiol can inhibit the translocation of miR-181c into the mitochondria by phosphorylating AGO2. This ultimately eliminates the downstream consequences of miR-181c overexpression by mitigating excessive reactive oxygen species production and calcium entry into the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Quiroga
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
| | - Barbara Roman
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
| | - Marwan Salih
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
| | - William N Daccarett-Bojanini
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
| | - Haley Garbus
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
| | - Obialunanma V Ebenebe
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M Dodd-O
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
| | - Mark Kohr
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
| | - Samarjit Das
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America.
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5
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Sparks JR, Wang X, Lavie CJ, Sui X. Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and the Obesity Paradox with Consideration for Racial and/or Ethnic Differences: A Broad Review and Call to Action. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2024; 25:291. [PMID: 39228496 PMCID: PMC11366992 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2508291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of extensive research and clinical insights on the increased risk of all-cause and disease-specific morbidity and mortality due to obesity, the obesity paradox still presents a unique perspective, i.e., having a higher body mass index (BMI) offers a protective effect on adverse health outcomes, particularly in people with known cardiovascular disease (CVD). This protective effect may be due to modifiable factors that influence body weight status and health, including physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), as well as non-modifiable factors, such as race and/or ethnicity. This article briefly reviews the current knowledge surrounding the obesity paradox, its relationship with PA and CRF, and compelling considerations for race and/or ethnicity concerning the obesity paradox. As such, this review provides recommendations and a call to action for future precision medicine to consider modifiable and non-modifiable factors when preventing and/or treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R. Sparks
- Department of Exercise Science, Norman J. Arnold School of Public Health,
University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Expeditionary and Cognitive Sciences Research Group, Department of
Warfighter Performance, Naval Health Research Center, Leidos Inc. (Contract), San
Diego, CA 92106, USA
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Exercise Science, Norman J. Arnold School of Public Health,
University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular
Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine,
New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Norman J. Arnold School of Public Health,
University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Zhou P, Kessinger CW, Gu F, Davenport A, King JS, Wang G, Negron SG, Deplancke B, Pu WT, Lin Z. Vestigial like 4 regulates the adipogenesis of classical brown adipose tissue. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.09.602788. [PMID: 39026854 PMCID: PMC11257599 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.09.602788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is mammals' primary non-shivering thermogenesis organ, and the molecular mechanisms regulating BAT growth and adipogenesis are largely unknown. The Hippo-YAP pathway has been well-known for controlling organ size, and Vestigial like 4 (VGLL4) is a transcriptional regulator that modulates the Hippo-YAP pathway by competing against YAP for binding to TEAD proteins. In this study, we dissected the function of VGLL4 in regulating BAT development. We generated a conventional Vgll4 mutant mouse line, in which the two Tondu (TDU) domains of VGLL4 were disrupted. We found that deletion of the TDU domains of VGLL4 resulted in perinatal lethality and paucity of the interscapular BAT. Histological and magnetic resonance imaging studies confirmed that the adipogenesis of BAT was impaired in Vgll4 mutants. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated, brown adipocyte-specific overexpression of VGLL4 increased BAT volume and protected the adult male mice from acute cold stress. Genomic studies suggest that VGLL4/TEAD1 complex directly regulates the myogenic and adipogenic gene expression programs of BAT. In conclusion, our data identify VGLL4 as a previously unrecognized adipogenesis factor that regulates classical BAT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingzhu Zhou
- Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Chase W. Kessinger
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY 13501
| | - Fei Gu
- Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Amanda Davenport
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY 13501
| | - Justin S. King
- Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Genyu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY 13501
| | - Steven G. Negron
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY 13501
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - William T. Pu
- Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY 13501
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7
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Shires CB, Jackson J, Moskovitz J, Dewan K. VRAM Versus ALT Flap Reconstruction for Large Head and Neck Defects: Does Weight Influence Complication Rate? J Pers Med 2024; 14:720. [PMID: 39063974 PMCID: PMC11278415 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14070720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity remains a high-level risk factor for various cancers. Yet, some research has shown that higher BMIs may improve survival outcomes, particularly for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). While this is a clear deviation from the norm, it raises the question of what other effects obesity may have on head and neck cancer patients, including surgical outcomes. Choosing the most appropriate flap for patients can be difficult for even experienced surgeons. Head and neck reconstructive surgeries are no exception to this rule and can be especially challenging. To produce the most favorable outcomes, a physician must be able to combine all flap attributes including donor and recipient site location, flap thickness, as well as each patient's individual risk factors such as prior radiation. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of vertical rectus femoris myocutaneous (VRAM) and anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps in overweight and obese individuals with varying head and neck cancers leaving large-sized defects to the outcomes in normal and underweight patients. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of VRAM and ALT flaps performed over a period of 12 months at our university hospital for large head and neck reconstruction. Results: Of the 17 ALT patients, 80% (4/5) of the underweight patients, 57% (4/7) of the normal weight patients, 50% (1/2) of the overweight patients, and 33% (1/3) of the obese patients experienced complications. Of the 15 VRAM patients, 40% (2/5) of the underweight patients, 83% (5/6) of the overweight patients, and 50% (1/2) of the obese patients experienced complications. Conclusions: In our small sample size, a smaller percentage of obese patients with head and neck cancer who underwent flap reconstruction surgery had complications when undergoing ALT flaps than VRAM flaps, which contrasts with the normal and underweight patients, who had less complications with VRAM flaps than ALT flaps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jataiveus Jackson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71118, USA
| | - Jessica Moskovitz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Oschner University, Gretna, LA 70112, USA
| | - Karuna Dewan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71118, USA
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Poskute AS, Ang IYH, Rahman N, Geliebter A. Effects of discounting fruits, vegetables, and noncaloric beverages in New York City supermarkets on purchasing, intake, and weight. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1290-1301. [PMID: 38932711 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess purchasing, intake, and weight after discounting fruits and vegetables (F&V) and noncaloric beverages in New York City supermarkets. METHODS A 16-week randomized controlled trial was conducted with a 4-week baseline, an 8-week intervention with 50% discounts on F&V and noncaloric beverages, and a 4-week follow-up. Purchasing was tracked via loyalty cards, and intake was tracked via 24-h dietary recalls. Weights were measured at five in-person visits. RESULTS Data from 67 participants were analyzed (38 in the experimental group; 29 in the control group). F&V and noncaloric beverage weekly purchasing was greater in the experimental than the control group (mean difference [SD], $4.64 [$1.44], p < 0.0001; $0.53 [$0.39], p = 0.008) during intervention, with F&V purchasing remaining greater in the experimental versus control group during follow-up (p = 0.005). F&V intake was greater for the experimental than the control group during intervention (142 [105] g/day; p = 0.009) and follow-up (p = 0.001). Although no difference in noncaloric beverage consumption was observed between groups, there was lower alcohol intake in the experimental than the control group during follow-up (-85.8 [60.2] g/day; p = 0.004). The experimental group lost weight compared with the control group (-1.33 [0.92] kg; p = 0.006 intervention and p = 0.106 follow-up). No differences in nutrient composition or high energy-dense product consumption were found. CONCLUSIONS A 50% discount on F&V and noncaloric beverages promoted increased purchasing and intake of F&V and induced weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atene S Poskute
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ian Yi Han Ang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Allan Geliebter
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Avelino TM, Provencio MGA, Peroni LA, Domingues RR, Torres FR, de Oliveira PSL, Leme AFP, Figueira ACM. Improving obesity research: Unveiling metabolic pathways through a 3D In vitro model of adipocytes using 3T3-L1 cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303612. [PMID: 38820505 PMCID: PMC11142712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a burgeoning global health crisis, has tripled in prevalence over the past 45 years, necessitating innovative research methodologies. Adipocytes, which are responsible for energy storage, play a central role in obesity. However, most studies in this field rely on animal models or adipocyte monolayer cell cultures, which are limited in their ability to fully mimic the complex physiology of a living organism, or pose challenges in terms of cost, time consumption, and ethical considerations. These limitations prompt a shift towards alternative methodologies. In response, here we show a 3D in vitro model utilizing the 3T3-L1 cell line, aimed at faithfully replicating the metabolic intricacies of adipocytes in vivo. Using a workable cell line (3T3-L1), we produced adipocyte spheroids and differentiated them in presence and absence of TNF-α. Through a meticulous proteomic analysis, we compared the molecular profile of our adipose spheroids with that of adipose tissue from lean and obese C57BL/6J mice. This comparison demonstrated the model's efficacy in studying metabolic conditions, with TNF-α treated spheroids displaying a notable resemblance to obese white adipose tissue. Our findings underscore the model's simplicity, reproducibility, and cost-effectiveness, positioning it as a robust tool for authentically mimicking in vitro metabolic features of real adipose tissue. Notably, our model encapsulates key aspects of obesity, including insulin resistance and an obesity profile. This innovative approach has the potential to significantly impact the discovery of novel therapeutic interventions for metabolic syndrome and obesity. By providing a nuanced understanding of metabolic conditions, our 3D model stands as a transformative contribution to in vitro research, offering a pathway for the development of small molecules and biologics targeting these pervasive health issues in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayna Mendonca Avelino
- National Laboratory of Bioscience (LNBio), National Center of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marta García-Arévalo Provencio
- National Laboratory of Bioscience (LNBio), National Center of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luis Antonio Peroni
- National Laboratory of Bioscience (LNBio), National Center of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Romênia Ramos Domingues
- National Laboratory of Bioscience (LNBio), National Center of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rafael Torres
- National Laboratory of Bioscience (LNBio), National Center of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sergio Lopes de Oliveira
- National Laboratory of Bioscience (LNBio), National Center of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adriana Franco Paes Leme
- National Laboratory of Bioscience (LNBio), National Center of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Migliorini Figueira
- National Laboratory of Bioscience (LNBio), National Center of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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10
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Yao A, Busso JI, Lakhi N. Obesity and Penetrating Trauma: Outcomes from a Level 1 Trauma Center in New York City. Open Access Emerg Med 2024; 16:107-115. [PMID: 38827537 PMCID: PMC11144413 DOI: 10.2147/oaem.s453589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in trauma scenarios; however, there has been conflicting evidence on outcomes of obesity and penetrating injuries, specifically gunshot wounds and stab wounds. We hypothesized that obesity may be protective due to a "cushioning effect" attributed to increased adiposity. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of patients presenting to a Level 1 Trauma Center with a penetrating trauma (gunshot/stab) injury during 2008-2021. Patients with a BMI ≥ 30 were compared to those with a BMI < 30. The primary outcome was Injury Severity Score (ISS). Secondary outcomes included intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, days on ventilation, length of hospital stay, service of admission (trauma surgery, general surgery, discharged home, general medical floor), the body region of injury(s), Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), OR requirement, type of surgery, and discharge status. Statistical analysis was performed using χ2-test or Fisher's exact tests for categorical data, and Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test for continuous variables with p < 0.05 as statistically significant. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the mechanism of injury. Results There were 721 patients that met inclusion criteria, of which 540 were classified in the non-obese group and 181 (25.1%) in the obese group. The primary outcome, mean ISS score, in obese patients (9.0, SD = 13.0) and non-obese patients (9.4, SD = 13.8) was similar between groups respectively. Secondary outcomes, which included rates of severe abdominal injury (AIS ≥ 3), rates of intra-abdominal organ injury, and rates of gastro-intestinal resection, were also similar between non-obese and obese patients. Conclusion This study did not demonstrate the existence of a "cushioning effect" in the setting of penetrating traumatic injury. Patients with increased BMI had similar a ISS score and patterns of injury as their non-obese counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Yao
- New York Medical College, School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Maimonides Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Nisha Lakhi
- New York Medical College, School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Richmond University Medical Center, Department of Trauma Surgery, Staten Island, NY, USA
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11
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Dejeu D, Dejeu P, Bradea P, Muresan A, Dejeu V. Evaluating Weight Loss Efficacy in Obesity Treatment with Allurion's Ingestible Gastric Balloon: A Retrospective Study Utilizing the Scale App Health Tracker. Clin Pract 2024; 14:765-778. [PMID: 38804393 PMCID: PMC11130893 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents a growing public health concern, affecting more than 15% of the global adult population and involving a multi-billion market that comprises nutritional, surgical, psychological, and multidisciplinary interventions. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the short-term efficacy and body weight measurements associated with differing levels of physical activity following the use of Allurion's ingestible gastric balloon that was designed to increase feelings of fullness and decrease food consumption, being naturally eliminated after approximately 16 weeks. This study involved 571 individuals who qualified for the intervention for being older than 20 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 27 kg/m2 or more. Utilizing the Scale App Health Tracker and Allurion's smartwatch, this study was able to track vital signs and physical activity in real time. The participants had an average initial BMI of 34.1 kg/m2 and a median age of 41 years. Notable outcomes were observed in both study groups, "Less Active" and "More Active", which were classified by achieving less or more than a median number of 8000 daily steps. Specifically, body fat percentage saw a reduction from 33.1 ± 9.4 to 28.3 ± 10.2 in the less active group and from 32.2 to 27.5 in the more active group, with both groups achieving statistical significance (p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a significant reduction in average weight, dropping from 98.2 ± 22.8 kg to 84.6 ± 19.3 kg in the less active group and from 97.7 ± 21.0 kg to 82.1 ± 22.9 kg in the more active group (both p < 0.001). Interestingly, those in the more active group also experienced a significant increase in lean mass compared to their less active counterparts (p = 0.045), although no substantial differences in weight loss, BMI reduction, and total body fat decrease were observed between the two groups. This investigation confirms the hypothesis that Allurion's ingestible gastric balloon significantly reduces weight in the short term and enhances several physical health metrics, demonstrating effectiveness as an autonomous method for challenging weight management, regardless of the level of daily physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danut Dejeu
- Surgical Oncology Department, Emergency County Hospital Oradea, Strada Gheorghe Doja 65, 410169 Oradea, Romania; (D.D.); (A.M.)
- Bariatric Surgery Department, Medlife Humanitas Hospital, Strada Frunzisului 75, 400664 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Paula Dejeu
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, Betania Medical Center, Menumorut 12, 410004 Oradea, Romania
| | - Paula Bradea
- Gastroenterology Unit, Betania Medical Center, Menumorut 12, 410004 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Anita Muresan
- Surgical Oncology Department, Emergency County Hospital Oradea, Strada Gheorghe Doja 65, 410169 Oradea, Romania; (D.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Viorel Dejeu
- Bariatric Surgery Department, Life Memorial Hospital, Calea Grivitei 365, 010719 Bucuresti, Romania;
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12
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Humphreys L, Morley B, Nuss T, Dixon H, Ambrosini GL, O'Flaherty C, Ledger M, Sartori A, Wakefield M. Evaluation of the population-level impacts of the LiveLighter® obesity prevention campaign from 2012 to 2019 based on serial cross-sectional surveys. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1016. [PMID: 38609966 PMCID: PMC11010377 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18462-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Halting and reversing the upward trend in obesity requires sustained implementation of comprehensive, evidence-based strategies at the population-level. The LiveLighter® program targets adults using a range of public education strategies, including mass media campaigns, to support healthy lifestyle changes to attain or maintain a healthy weight and reduce the risk of chronic disease. LiveLighter® has been implemented in Western Australia (WA) since 2012 and, to our knowledge, includes the longest running adult-targeted mass media campaign for healthy weight and lifestyle promotion and education globally. This evaluation assessed the impact of LiveLighter® on WA adults' knowledge, intentions and behaviours as they relate to healthy eating and body weight from 2012 to 2019. METHODS LiveLighter® mass media campaigns, which are TV-led and aired statewide, depict genuine, graphic imagery of visceral fat around internal organs to raise awareness about the link between excess body weight and chronic diseases; demonstrate how unhealthy food and drink consumption can contribute to unhealthy weight gain; and recommend healthy alternatives. Cross-sectional telephone surveys were conducted at baseline and following each campaign phase with an independent, randomly selected sample of WA adults aged 25 to 49 years (n = 501 to n = 1504 per survey) to assess their knowledge of the link between excess body weight and chronic diseases, and their intentions and behaviours related to healthy eating and weight. Multivariable logistic regression models were undertaken to assess differences in responses between baseline and each post-campaign survey. RESULTS Compared to baseline, there were significant increases in the proportion of respondents reporting knowledge of excess body weight as a risk factor for certain cancers and type 2 diabetes, intentions to eat more fruit and vegetables and drink less sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) in the next seven days, and the proportion of respondents who reported meeting guidelines for daily vegetable intake. Reported consumption of SSBs significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS LiveLighter® is associated with improvements in knowledge of the health risks associated with excess body mass, increased vegetable intake and reduced SSB consumption in WA adults. These findings support the use of sustained, well-designed healthy lifestyle promotion and education programs as part of a comprehensive obesity prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Belinda Morley
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tegan Nuss
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Dixon
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Gina L Ambrosini
- WA Department of Health, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Melissa Ledger
- Cancer Council Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | | | - Melanie Wakefield
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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13
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Sandri E, Pardo J, Cantín Larumbe E, Cerdá Olmedo G, Falcó A. Analysis of the influence of educational level on the nutritional status and lifestyle habits of the young Spanish population. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1341420. [PMID: 38651128 PMCID: PMC11033505 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1341420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aims to analyze some nutrition and health habits of young people and the impact of educational attainment on health. Methods An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was carried out using surveys. Using non-probabilistic snowball sampling, a previously validated questionnaire was disseminated through networks, collecting a sample of 9,681 people between 18 and 30 years old. Comparative analyses between groups were obtained by clustering and the corresponding statistical tests. Results The results showed how young people with higher education generally have a lower BMI, a higher healthy nutrition index, less frequent consumption of sugary drinks, and less smoking than their peers with basic education. These healthier habits are reflected in the higher self-perceived health status of the higher-educated group. While for all the educational levels analyzed, the minutes of physical activity practice are above the 150 min recommended by the WHO. Conclusion Our findings suggest that young people's education level is of fundamental importance for health, particularly for nutritional habits. In general, the lifestyle habits of the young Spanish population are healthy, but there is a need for improvement in those aspects related to nutrition and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sandri
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
- Doctoral School, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Pardo
- Embedded Systems and Artificial Intelligence Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Cantín Larumbe
- Degree in Data Science, Polytechnical University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Germán Cerdá Olmedo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Falcó
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Technological Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
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14
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Odongo K, Abe A, Kawasaki R, Kawabata K, Ashida H. Two Prenylated Chalcones, 4-Hydroxyderricin, and Xanthoangelol Prevent Postprandial Hyperglycemia by Promoting GLUT4 Translocation via the LKB1/AMPK Signaling Pathway in Skeletal Muscle Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300538. [PMID: 38267744 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Stimulation of glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle is crucial for the prevention of postprandial hyperglycemia. Insulin and certain polyphenols enhance glucose uptake through the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in the skeletal muscle. The previous study reports that prenylated chalcones, 4-hydroxyderricin (4-HD), and xanthoangelol (XAG) promote glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation in L6 myotubes, but their underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study investigates the mechanism in L6 myotubes and confirms antihyperglycemia by 4-HD and XAG. METHODS AND RESULTS In L6 myotubes, 4-HD and XAG promote glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation through the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and liver kinase B1 (LKB1) signaling pathway without activating phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and Janus kinases (JAKs)/signal transducers and activators of transcriptions (STATs) pathways. Moreover, Compound C, an AMPK-specific inhibitor, as well as siRNA targeting AMPK and LKB1 completely canceled 4-HD and XAG-increased glucose uptake. Consistently, oral administration of 4-HD and XAG to male ICR mice suppresses acute hyperglycemia in an oral glucose tolerance test. CONCLUSION In conclusion, LKB1/AMPK pathway and subsequent GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle cells are involved in Ashitaba chalcone-suppressed acute hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Odongo
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ayane Abe
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Rina Kawasaki
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kyuichi Kawabata
- Faculty of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Konan Women's University, Kobe, 658-0001, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ashida
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
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15
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Al lami Z, Kurtca M, Atique MU, Opekun AR, Siam MS, Jalal PK, Najafi B, Devaraj S, Mindikoglu AL. Dawn-to-dusk dry fasting decreases circulating inflammatory cytokines in subjects with increased body mass index. Metabol Open 2024; 21:100274. [PMID: 38455231 PMCID: PMC10918425 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2024.100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The circadian rhythm involves numerous metabolic processes, including sleep/awakening, body temperature regulation, hormone secretion, hepatic function, cellular plasticity, and cytokine release (inflammation), that appear to have a dynamic relationship with all the processes above. Studies have linked various cytokines to the chronic state of low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress in obesity. Dawn-to-dusk dry fasting (DDDF) could alleviate the adverse effects of obesity by decreasing inflammation. This study examined the effects of DDDF on circulating inflammatory cytokines in subjects with increased body mass index (BMI). Methods The current observational prospective study included adult subjects with a BMI equal to or greater than 25 kg/m2 who practiced the annual religious 30-day DDDF. Individuals with significant underlying medical conditions were excluded to limit confounding factors. All subjects were evaluated within two weeks before 30-day DDDF, within the fourth week of 30-day DDDF, and within two weeks after 30-day DDDF. Multiple cytokines and clinical health indicators were measured at each evaluation. Results Thirteen subjects (10 men and three women) with a mean age of 32.9 years (SD = 9.7 years) and a mean BMI of 32 kg/m2 (SD = 4.6 kg/m2) were included. An overall associated decrease in the levels of multiple cytokines with DDDF was observed. A significant decrease in the mean interleukin 1 beta level was observed within the fourth week of 30-day DDDF (P = 0.045), which persisted even after the fasting period (P = 0.024). There was also a significant decrease in the mean levels of interleukin 15 (IL-15) (P = 0.014), interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (P = 0.041), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) (P = 0.013), and monokine induced by interferon gamma/chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (P = 0.027) within the fourth week of 30-day DDDF and in the mean levels of fibroblast growth factor 2 (P = 0.010), interleukin 12 p40 subunit (P = 0.038), interleukin 22 (P = 0.025) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (P = 0.046) within two weeks after 30-DDDF. In terms of anthropometric parameters, there was a decrease in mean body weight (P = 0.032), BMI (P = 0.028), and hip circumference (P = 0.007) within the fourth week of 30-day DDDF and a decrease in mean weight (P = 0.026), BMI (P = 0.033) and hip circumference (P = 0.016) within two weeks after 30-day DDDF compared with the levels measured within two weeks before 30-day DDDF. Although there was no significant correlation between changes in weight and changes in circulating inflammatory cytokines, there was a significant positive correlation between changes in waist circumference and changes in specific inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-15, MDC, platelet-derived growth factor, soluble CD40L, vascular endothelial growth factor A) within the fourth week of 30-day DDDF and/or two weeks after 30-day DDDF. A significant decrease in mean average resting heart rate within the fourth week of 30-day DDDF was also observed (P = 0.023), and changes between average resting heart rate and changes in interleukin-8 levels within the fourth week of 30-day DDDF compared with baseline levels were positively correlated (r = 0.57, P = 0.042). Conclusion DDDF appears to be a unique and potent treatment to reduce low-grade chronic inflammation caused by obesity and visceral adiposity. Further studies with more extended follow-up periods are warranted to investigate the long-term anti-inflammatory benefits of DDDF in individuals with increased BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Al lami
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Miray Kurtca
- Clinical Chemistry and Point of Care Technology, Texas Children's Hospital and Health Centers, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Moin Uddin Atique
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antone R. Opekun
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohamad S. Siam
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prasun K. Jalal
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bijan Najafi
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sridevi Devaraj
- Clinical Chemistry and Point of Care Technology, Texas Children's Hospital and Health Centers, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ayse L. Mindikoglu
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Karjalainen K, Tanska P, Collins KH, Herzog W, Korhonen RK, Moo EK. Independent and combined effects of obesity and traumatic joint injury to the structure and composition of rat knee cartilage. Connect Tissue Res 2024; 65:117-132. [PMID: 38530304 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2024.2310838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degradation. Risk factors for OA include joint trauma, obesity, and inflammation, each of which can affect joint health independently, but their interaction and the associated consequences of such interaction were largely unexplored. Here, we studied compositional and structural alterations in knee joint cartilages of Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to two OA risk factors: joint injury and diet-induced obesity. Joint injury was imposed by surgical transection of anterior cruciate ligaments (ACLx), and obesity was induced by a high fat/high sucrose diet. Depth-dependent proteoglycan (PG) content and collagen structural network of cartilage were measured from histological sections collected previously in Collins et al.. (2015). We found that ACLx primarily affected the superficial cartilages. Compositionally, ACLx led to reduced PG content in lean animals, but increased PG content in obese rats. Structurally, ACLx caused disorganization of collagenous network in both lean and obese animals through increased collagen orientation in the superficial tissues and a change in the degree of fibrous alignment. However, the cartilage degradation attributed to joint injury and obesity was not necessarily additive when the two risk factors were present simultaneously, particularly for PG content and collagen orientation in the superficial tissues. Interestingly, sham surgeries caused a through-thickness disorganization of collagen network in lean and obese animals. We conclude that the interactions of multiple OA risk factors are complex and their combined effects cannot be understood by superposition principle. Further research is required to elucidate the interactive mechanism between OA subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalle Karjalainen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Tanska
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kelsey H Collins
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Crosstalk, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Rami K Korhonen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eng Kuan Moo
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
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17
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Almoraie NM, Shatwan IM. The Potential Effects of Dietary Antioxidants in Obesity: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:416. [PMID: 38391792 PMCID: PMC10887832 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12040416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a global health concern, with its prevalence steadily increasing in recent decades. It is associated with numerous health complications, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. The aetiology of obesity is multifactorial, involving genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. In recent years, oxidative stress has emerged as a potential contributor to obesity and its related metabolic disorders. Dietary antioxidants, which can counteract oxidative stress, have gained significant attention for their potential role in preventing and managing obesity. This comprehensive review aims to explore the impact of dietary antioxidants on obesity and its associated metabolic dysregulations, discussing the underlying mechanisms and highlighting the potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Almoraie
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Building 43, Room 233, Level 2, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
| | - Israa M Shatwan
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Building 43, Room 233, Level 2, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Gilder CM, Gorin AA, Huedo-Medina T, Cooksey-Stowers K, McCaffery JM, Denmat Z, Field C, Wyckoff E, LaRose J, O'Connor K, Marfo N, Leahey TM. Impact of social connectedness on weight loss outcomes in an online program. J Behav Med 2024; 47:144-152. [PMID: 37698801 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00447-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is linked to many negative health consequences. While online behavioral weight loss programs (BWL) are an effective treatment for obesity, weight losses are modest. Social connectedness has been found to improve weight loss outcomes and previous findings suggests that it may be especially important for people of color. The present study investigated the impact of social connectedness (structural connectedness, or network size; relationship quality, and functional connectedness, or social support) on weight loss outcomes in an online BWL program and whether Black race or Hispanic ethnicity moderates the relationship between social connectedness and weight loss. Participants (N = 387) enrolled in a 16-week online BWL program and completed measures of social connectedness before treatment and had their weight measured. Individuals with less structural connectedness (smaller social networks) had greater weight losses. Further, higher levels of functional connectedness (affectionate support, positive support, and relationship quality) mediated the relationship between smaller network size and better weight loss outcomes. Black race / Hispanic ethnicity did not moderate the relationship between social connectedness and weight loss. These findings suggest that the quality of one's relationships, not the size of one's social network, is important for weight loss. Future studies may examine whether online BWL programs that build relationship quality and affectionate and positive support in participants' existing social networks improve overall weight loss outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carnisha M Gilder
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Amy A Gorin
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tania Huedo-Medina
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kristen Cooksey-Stowers
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jeanne M McCaffery
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Zeely Denmat
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christiana Field
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Emily Wyckoff
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jessica LaRose
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - Kayla O'Connor
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nana Marfo
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tricia M Leahey
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
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19
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Rucinski K, Crecelius CR, Stucky R, Stannard JP, Cook JL. Integrated Care for Comprehensive Management of Patients with Osteoarthritis: Program Development and Implementation. J Knee Surg 2023; 36:1392-1398. [PMID: 37220783 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) is often complicated by comorbidities, which put patients at potentially higher risks following operative interventions. Management of these comorbidities is usually separate from orthopaedic care, with patients invited to return to their orthopaedic surgeon once surgical risk factors are better controlled. However, this practice can lead to disjointed care, resulting in uncertainty, mistrust, unmanaged pain, and dissatisfaction for patients. Integrated care teams provide an effective option for coordinated comprehensive nonoperative and preoperative management of patients with knee OA and medical comorbidities. The objective of this article is to summarize the process for implementation of an integrated program to manage patients with symptomatic knee OA and the initial outcomes at our institution as an example of the effects of integrated patient management in orthopaedics. At the author's institution, an integrated program was implemented, successfully addressing the unmet need for coordinated care for patients with bone and joint health problems and medical comorbidities. Patients who completed the full program experienced significant improvements in both pain and function. Potential applications for knee surgeons considering implementing integrated care models could include pre- and postoperative management programs, nonoperative management program, and programs seeking to meet key metrics such as improved readmission rates, patient satisfaction, or value-based care. For effective program implementation, careful planning with convenient referral mechanisms, leadership buy-in, and patient-centered communication protocols are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylee Rucinski
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Missouri Orthopedic Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopedics, University of Missouri System, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Cory R Crecelius
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Missouri Orthopedic Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Renée Stucky
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Missouri Orthopedic Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - James P Stannard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Missouri Orthopedic Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - James L Cook
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Missouri Orthopedic Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopedics, University of Missouri System, Columbia, Missouri
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20
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Sandhu LK, Shah RM, Chand B. Postoperative micronutrient changes in bariatric surgery patients compliant with nutritional supplementation. Surg Endosc 2023; 37:8532-8539. [PMID: 37775602 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is commonly used in patients with body mass indexes over 35 kg/m and obesity-related comorbidities. Despite the significant clinical benefits of bariatric surgery, nutritional deficiencies post-surgery remain a challenge for both patient and healthcare provider [Toninello et al. in Nutrients 13:1565, 2021, Gasmi et al. in Eur J Nutr 61:55-67, 2022]. Nutritional supplementation is a way of reducing the likelihood of postoperative deficiencies; however, prior studies have shown varying degrees of mostly poor to moderate patient adherence [Spetz et al. in Obes Res Clin Pract 16:407-412, 2022, Mahawar et al. in Obes Surg 29:1551-1556, 2019, Santonicola et al. in J Am Nutr Assoc 41:11-19, 2022, Sherf Dagan et al. in Obes Surg 27:2258-2271, 2017]. Our present study aims to provide insights into the micronutrient biochemical profile in patients previously found to be compliant with supplementation following roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). METHODS An 11-point outpatient survey was administered to consecutive patients ≥ 18 years who had undergone either RYGB or VSG to determine adherence with nutritional supplementation. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed to determine preoperative and postoperative lab values, including vitamins A, B1, B12, and D, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), iron binding capacity, transferrin, ferritin, folate, iron, albumin, hemoglobin A1C, zinc, glomerular filtration rate (GFR, and liver function values. Values were classified as "abnormal" or "normal." Preoperative and postoperative values were compared for differences. Postoperative values were also compared between RYGB and VSG. RESULTS There were no significant differences between preoperative and postoperative values for any nutritional marker aside from vitamin B12. A total of 51/60 patients (85.0%) had normal preoperative B12 measurements, compared with 40/65 (61.5%) patients postoperatively (P = 0.03). Notably, of 25 "abnormal" postoperative measurements, 20 (80%) were elevated values. There were no differences in postoperative deficiencies between RYGB and VSG. CONCLUSIONS Patients in our sample did not have worsened micronutrient deficiencies following bariatric surgery, and there were no differences in micronutrient deficiencies between surgical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakhvir Kaur Sandhu
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 First Ave, Maywood, IL, USA.
| | | | - Bipan Chand
- Resurrection Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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21
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Knapik JJ, Farina EK, Steelman RA, Trone DW, Lieberman HR. The Medical Burden of Obesity and Overweight in the US Military: Association of BMI with Clinically Diagnosed Medical Conditions in United States Military Service Members. J Nutr 2023; 153:2951-2967. [PMID: 37619919 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high BMI is associated with various medical conditions, notably type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mental health disorders. In the US military, BMI increased linearly between 1975 and 2015. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study investigated the associations between BMI and a comprehensive range of clinically diagnosed medical conditions (CDMCs) in US military service members (SMs). METHODS A stratified random sample of SMs (n=26,177) completed an online questionnaire reporting their height, weight, and demographic/lifestyle characteristics. Medical conditions for 6 mo before questionnaire completion were obtained from a comprehensive military electronic medical surveillance system and grouped into 39 CDMCs covering both broad (largely systemic) and specific medical conditions. BMI was calculated as weight/height2 (kg/m2). The prevalence of CDMCs was compared among normal weight (<25.0 kg/m2), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥30 kg/m2) SMs. RESULTS After multivariable adjustment for demographic/lifestyle characteristics, higher BMI was associated with higher odds of a diagnosed medical condition in 30 of 39 CDMCs, with all 30 displaying dose-response relationships. The 5 major CDMCs with the largest odds ratios comparing obese to normal weight were endocrine/nutritional/metabolic diseases (OR=2.67, 95%CI=2.24-3.15), nervous system diseases (odds ratio [OR]=2.59, 95%CI=2.32-2.90), circulatory system diseases (OR=2.56, 95%CI=2.15-3.06), musculoskeletal system diseases (OR=1.92, 95%CI=1.76-2.09), and mental/behavioral disorders (OR=1.69, 95%CI=1.51-1.90). Compared with normal weight SMs, overweight or obese SMs had a higher number of CDMCs (1.8±1.9 vs. 2.0±2.0 and 2.5±2.3, mean ± standard deviation, respectively, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS In a young, physically active population, higher BMI was associated with a host of medical conditions, even after adjustment for demographic/lifestyle characteristics. The US Department of Defense should improve nutrition education and modify other factors that contribute to overweight and obesity. This study demonstrates that the medical burden of obesity is substantial in overweight and obese SMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Knapik
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, MA, United States.
| | - Emily K Farina
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, MA, United States
| | - Ryan A Steelman
- Clinical Public Health and Epidemiology, Defense Centers for Public Health-Aberdeen, MD, United States
| | - Daniel W Trone
- Deployment Health, Naval Health Research Center, CA, United States
| | - Harris R Lieberman
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, MA, United States
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22
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Titis E. Quantifying the Impact of Supermarket Distance on Childhood Obesity in Greater London, United Kingdom: Exploring Different Access Measures and Modification Effects of Transportation. Child Obes 2023; 19:479-488. [PMID: 36322899 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2022.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Healthy food access may be relevant for predicting trends in childhood obesity. The goal was to determine associations between childhood overweight (including obesity) and distance to three nearest supermarkets stratified by transportation modes (walking, cycling, driving). Methods: Bivariate and multivariate linear regressions examine the relationship with obesity, including interacting active and inactive modes. Results: Proximity to at least three supermarkets shows small but significant positive association with obesity. Walking mode showed higher obesity rates than driving, and distance was not related to the mode of travel. Conclusions: Disparities in healthy food access may not contribute meaningfully to childhood obesity, as other individual factors may be largely at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Titis
- Warwick Institute for the Science of Cities, Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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23
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Arimori H, Abiru N, Morimoto S, Nishino T, Kawakami A, Kamada A, Kobayashi M. Association between Lifestyle Factors and Weight Gain among University Students in Japan during COVID-19 Mild Lockdown: A Quantitative Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2630. [PMID: 37830666 PMCID: PMC10572644 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the lifestyle factors influencing weight gain among university students in Japan during the mild lockdown imposed due to the novel coronavirus disease pandemic. In this cross-sectional study, we conducted a questionnaire survey of students who underwent health examinations at Nagasaki University in 2021. Students reporting a weight gain of ≥3 kg were included in the weight gain group; the remaining students were included in the non-weight-gain group. Fisher's exact test and binary logistic regression were performed to determine the association between weight gain and each lifestyle factor. We included 3059 respondents (response rate: 45.7%), and 9.5% of them reported a weight gain of ≥3 kg. The following factors were associated with weight gain (odds ratio (95% confidence interval), p value based on Fisher's exact test): dining out for four times or more/week (2.16 (1.40, 3.32), p = 8.7 × 10-4) and gaming time of ≥4 h/day (2.26 (1.45, 3.47), p = 2.4 × 10-4). Binary logistic regression among the four highest odds ratios revealed that after adjusting for other factors, frequent dining out and prolonged gaming time were significantly associated with weight gain in students during the mild lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Arimori
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (H.A.); (N.A.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Norio Abiru
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (H.A.); (N.A.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Shimpei Morimoto
- Innovation Platform & Office for Precision Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan;
| | - Tomoya Nishino
- Department of Nephrology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan;
- Health Center, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (H.A.); (N.A.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Akie Kamada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (H.A.); (N.A.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Masakazu Kobayashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (H.A.); (N.A.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
- Health Center, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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24
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Titis E, Di Salvatore J, Procter R. Socio-economic correlates of childhood obesity in urban and rural England. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1815-1827. [PMID: 37271723 PMCID: PMC10478054 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023000952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical access to food may affect diet and thus obesity rates. We build upon existing work to better understand how socio-economic characteristics of locations are associated with childhood overweight. DESIGN Using cross-sectional design and publicly available data, the study specifically compares rural and urban areas, including interactions of distance from supermarkets with income and population density. SETTING We examine cross-sectional associations with obesity prevalence both in the national scale and across urban and rural areas differing in household wealth. PARTICIPANTS Children in reception class (aged 4-5) from all state-maintained schools in England taking part in the National Child Measurement Programme (n 6772). RESULTS Income was the main predictor of childhood obesity (adj. R-sq=.316, p<.001), whereas distance played only a marginal role (adj. R-sq=.01, p<.001). In urban areas, distance and density correlate with obesity directly and conditionally. Urban children were slightly more obese, but the opposite was true for children in affluent areas. Association between income poverty and obesity rates was stronger in urban areas (7·59 %) than rural areas (4·95 %), the former which also showed stronger association between distance and obesity. CONCLUSIONS Obesogenic environments present heightened risks in deprived urban and affluent rural areas. The results have potential value for policy making as for planning and targeting of services for vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Titis
- Warwick Institute for the Science of Cities, Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jessica Di Salvatore
- Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Rob Procter
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Human-Centred Computing Division, Institute for Data Science and AI, London, UK
- Alan Turing Institute for Data Science and AI, London, UK
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25
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Sinik LM, Elver AA, Egan KG, Johnson BM, Cullom ME, Limpiado M, Nazir N, Lai EC, Butterworth JA. Autologous Breast Reconstruction after Massive Weight Loss: Understanding Risks in a Growing Population. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 152:503-512. [PMID: 36827470 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000010318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Massive weight loss (MWL) may have suboptimal effects on tissues used for autologous reconstruction. With the rising rates of obesity and bariatric surgery, more patients who have experienced MWL will be presenting for breast reconstruction. The authors hypothesize that autologous breast reconstruction in patients with a history of MWL will have more complications and require more revisions compared with reconstruction in patients without a history of MWL. METHODS A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent autologous breast reconstruction by five microsurgeons at an academic institution from 2009 through 2020. Patients with a history of bariatric surgery or greater than 50-pound weight loss were identified and compared with patients who had not experienced MWL. Analysis compared demographics, operative details, complications, revision rates, and BREAST-Q scores. RESULTS Of 916 patients who underwent 1465 flaps, 39 patients with MWL (4.3%) underwent 68 flaps (4.6%), and 877 patients without MWL underwent 1397 flaps. MWL patients were more likely to require blood transfusions postoperatively ( P = 0.005); experienced more surgical-site infections ( P = 0.02), wound-healing complications of flap ( P = 0.007) and donor sites ( P = 0.03), and late partial flap losses ( P = 0.03); and required more revisional surgery for flap ( P = 0.009) and donor sites ( P = 0.01). BREAST-Q scores were not statistically different for satisfaction with breasts or surgeon but were lower in MWL patients for psychosocial ( P = 0.01) and sexual well-being ( P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Reconstructive surgeons should expect increased postoperative complications when performing autologous breast reconstruction in patients who have experienced MWL. These patients should be counseled on the possibility of an increased risk of postoperative complications and need for revisional surgery. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Risk, II.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Niaman Nazir
- Population Health, University of Kansas Medical Center
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26
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Tanner D, Murthy S, Lavista Ferres JM, Ramirez JM, Mitchell EA. Risk factors for late (28+ weeks' gestation) stillbirth in the United States, 2014-2015. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289405. [PMID: 37647261 PMCID: PMC10468071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States (US) late stillbirth (at 28 weeks or more of gestation) occurs in 3/1000 births. AIM We examined risk factors for late stillbirth with the specific goal of identifying modifiable factors that contribute substantially to stillbirth burden. SETTING All singleton births in the US for 2014-2015. METHODS We used a retrospective population-based design to assess the effects of multiple factors on the risk of late stillbirth in the US. Data were drawn from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention live birth and fetal death data files. RESULTS There were 6,732,157 live and 18,334 stillbirths available for analysis (late stillbirth rate = 2.72/1000 births). The importance of sociodemographic determinants was shown by higher risks for Black and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander mothers compared with White mothers, mothers with low educational attainment, and older mothers. Among modifiable risk factors, delayed/absent prenatal care, diabetes, hypertension, and maternal smoking were associated with increased risk, though they accounted for only 3-6% of stillbirths each. Two factors accounted for the largest proportion of late stillbirths: high maternal body mass index (BMI; 15%) and infants who were small for gestational age (38%). Participation in the supplemental nutrition for women, infants and children program was associated with a 28% reduction in overall stillbirth burden. CONCLUSIONS This study provides population-based evidence for stillbirth risk in the US. A high proportion of late stillbirths was associated with high maternal BMI and small for gestational age, whereas participation in supplemental nutrition programs was associated with a large reduction in stillbirth burden. Addressing obesity and fetal growth restriction, as well as broadening participation in nutritional supplementation programs could reduce late stillbirths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Tanner
- AI for Good Research Lab, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, United States of America
| | - Sushama Murthy
- AI for Good Research Lab, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Jan-Marino Ramirez
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Departments of Neurological Surgery and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Edwin A. Mitchell
- Department of Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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27
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Weston WC, Hales KH, Hales DB. Flaxseed Reduces Cancer Risk by Altering Bioenergetic Pathways in Liver: Connecting SAM Biosynthesis to Cellular Energy. Metabolites 2023; 13:945. [PMID: 37623888 PMCID: PMC10456508 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This article illustrates how dietary flaxseed can be used to reduce cancer risk, specifically by attenuating obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We utilize a targeted metabolomics dataset in combination with a reanalysis of past work to investigate the "metabo-bioenergetic" adaptations that occur in White Leghorn laying hens while consuming dietary flaxseed. Recently, we revealed how the anti-vitamin B6 effects of flaxseed augment one-carbon metabolism in a manner that accelerates S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) biosynthesis. Researchers recently showed that accelerated SAM biosynthesis activates the cell's master energy sensor, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Our paper provides evidence that flaxseed upregulates mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis in liver, concomitant with the attenuation of lipogenesis and polyamine biosynthesis. Defatted flaxseed likely functions as a metformin homologue by upregulating hepatic glucose uptake and pyruvate flux through the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) in laying hens. In contrast, whole flaxseed appears to attenuate liver steatosis and body mass by modifying mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis. Several acylcarnitine moieties indicate Randle cycle adaptations that protect mitochondria from metabolic overload when hens consume flaxseed. We also discuss a paradoxical finding whereby flaxseed induces the highest glycated hemoglobin percentage (HbA1c%) ever recorded in birds, and we suspect that hyperglycemia is not the cause. In conclusion, flaxseed modifies bioenergetic pathways to attenuate the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and NAFLD, possibly downstream of SAM biosynthesis. These findings, if reproducible in humans, can be used to lower cancer risk within the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C. Weston
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Systemic Physiology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA;
| | - Karen H. Hales
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA;
| | - Dale B. Hales
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Systemic Physiology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA;
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA;
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Norberto S, Assalin HB, Guadagnini D, Tobar N, Boer PA, Kang MC, Saad MJA, Kim YB, Prada PO. CLK2 in GABAergic neurons is critical in regulating energy balance and anxiety-like behavior in a gender-specific fashion. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1172835. [PMID: 37635967 PMCID: PMC10449579 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1172835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cdc2-like kinase (CLK2) is a member of CLK kinases expressed in hypothalamic neurons and is activated in response to refeeding, leptin, or insulin. Diet-induced obesity and leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice lack CLK2 signal in the hypothalamic neurons. The neurotransmiter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is among the most prevalent in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in the hypothalamus. Given the abundance of GABA-expressing neurons and their potential influence on regulating energy and behavioral homeostasis, we aimed to explore whether the deletion of CLK2 in GABAergic neurons alters energy homeostasis and behavioral and cognitive functions in both genders of mice lacking CLK2 in Vgat-expressing neurons (Vgat-Cre; Clk2loxP/loxP) on chow diet. Methods We generated mice lacking Clk2 in Vgat-expressing neurons (Vgat-Cre; Clk2loxP/loxP) by mating Clk2loxP/loxP mice with Vgat-IRES-Cre transgenic mice and employed behavior, and physiological tests, and molecular approaches to investigate energy metabolism and behavior phenotype of both genders. Results and discussion We showed that deletion of CLK2 in GABAergic neurons increased adiposity and food intake in females. The mechanisms behind these effects were likely due, at least in part, to hypothalamic insulin resistance and upregulation of hypothalamic Npy and Agrp expression. Besides normal insulin and pyruvate sensitivity, Vgat-Cre; Clk2loxP/loxP females were glucose intolerant. Male Vgat-Cre; Clk2loxP/loxP mice showed an increased energy expenditure (EE). Risen EE may account for avoiding weight and fat mass gain in male Vgat-Cre; Clk2loxP/loxP mice. Vgat-Cre; Clk2loxP/loxP mice had no alteration in cognition or memory functions in both genders. Interestingly, deleting CLK2 in GABAergic neurons changed anxiety-like behavior only in females, not males. These findings suggest that CLK2 in GABAergic neurons is critical in regulating energy balance and anxiety-like behavior in a gender-specific fashion and could be a molecular therapeutic target for combating obesity associated with psychological disorders in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Norberto
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Balan Assalin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Dioze Guadagnini
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Tobar
- Department of Radiology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Aline Boer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fetal Programming Laboratory, School of Medical Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Instute, Jeollabuk-do, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mario Jose Abdalla Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Patricia Oliveira Prada
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
- Max-Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Köln, Germany
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29
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Maguire S, Schmitt PR, Sternlicht E, Kofron CM. Endotracheal Intubation of Difficult Airways in Emergency Settings: A Guide for Innovators. MEDICAL DEVICES-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH 2023; 16:183-199. [PMID: 37483393 PMCID: PMC10362894 DOI: 10.2147/mder.s419715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 400,000 Americans are intubated in emergency settings annually, with indications ranging from respiratory failure to airway obstructions to anaphylaxis. About 12.7% of emergency intubations are unsuccessful on the first attempt. Failure to intubate on the first attempt is associated with a higher likelihood of adverse events, including oxygen desaturation, aspiration, trauma to soft tissue, dysrhythmia, hypotension, and cardiac arrest. Difficult airways, as classified on an established clinical scale, are found in up to 30% of emergency department (ED) patients and are a significant contributor to failure to intubate. Difficult intubations have been associated with longer lengths of stay and significantly greater costs than standard intubations. There exists a wide range of airway management devices, both invasive and noninvasive, which are available in the emergency setting to accommodate difficult airways. Yet, first-pass success rates remain variable and leave room for improvement. In this article, we review the disease states most correlated with intubation, the current landscape of emergency airway management technologies, and the market potential for innovation. The aim of this review is to inspire new technologies to assist difficult airway management, given the substantial opportunity for translation due to two key-value signposts of medical innovation: the potential to decrease cost and the potential to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Maguire
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Phillip R Schmitt
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eliza Sternlicht
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Celinda M Kofron
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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30
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Yang HY, Hung KC, Chuang MH, Chang R, Chen RY, Wang FW, Wu JY, Chen JY. Effect of zinc supplementation on blood sugar control in the overweight and obese population: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023; 17:308-317. [PMID: 37385909 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although overweight and obese people have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes incidence than normal-weight individuals, the efficacy of zinc supplementation in blood sugar control in overweight and obese people remained unknown. This meta-analysis attempted to address this issue. METHODS Databases including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception until May 2022 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of zinc supplementation among participants who were overweight or obese without language restriction. It is a random-effect meta-analysis that analyzed the impact of zinc supplementation on fasting glucose (FG) (i.e., primary outcome) and other variables including fasting insulin (FI), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and 2-hour postprandial glucose (2 h- PG). RESULTS Analysis of 12 eligible RCTs involving 651 overweight/obese participants demonstrated that zinc supplementation significantly improves FG (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -8.57 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -14.04 to -3.09 mg/dL, p = 0.002), HOMA-IR (WMD: -0.54; 95% CI: -0.78 to -0.30, p < 0.001), HbA1c (WMD: -0.25%; 95% CI: -0.43% to -0.07%, p = 0.006), and 2 h-PG (WMD: -18.42 mg/dL; 95% CI: -25.04 to -11.79 mg/dL, p < 0.001) compared to those in the control group. After conducting subgroup analyses, we found that the primary outcome, FG, showed more significant results in the subgroups with Asia, Zinc supplementation alone, higher dose (≥30 mg) and patients with diabetes. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis indicated that zinc supplementation benefits blood sugar control in overweight and obese populations, with an especially significant reduction in FG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Chuan Hung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Hsiang Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan.
| | - Renin Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Ru-Yih Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Wei Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Jheng-Yan Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Yi Chen
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan City, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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Stefura T, Rusinek J, Zając M, Zapała B, Gosiewski T, Sroka-Oleksiak A, Salamon D, Pędziwiatr M, Major P. Duodenal microbiota and weight-loss following sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass - a pilot study. BMC Surg 2023; 23:173. [PMID: 37365522 PMCID: PMC10291748 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-023-02076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is the most effective method of morbid obesity treatment. Microbiota has many functions in human body and many of them remain to be unknown. The aim of this study was to establish if the composition of duodenal microbiota influences success rate of bariatric surgery. METHODS It was a prospective cohort study. The data concerning demographics and comorbidities was collected perioperatively. The duodenal biopsies were collected prior to surgery with the gastroscope. Then DNA analysis was conducted. The data connected to the operation outcomes was gathered after 6 and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS Overall, 32 patients were included and divided into two groups (successful - group 1 and unsuccessful - group 0) based on percentage excess weight loss after 6 months were created. The Total Actual Abundance was higher in group 0. In group 0 there was a significantly higher amount of Roseburia and Arthrobacter (p = 0.024, p = 0.027, respectively). Genus LDA effect size analysis showed Prevotella, Megasphaera and Pseudorhodobacter in group 1 to be significant. Whereas abundance of Roseburia and Arthrobacter were significant in group 0. CONCLUSIONS Duodenal microbiota composition may be a prognostic factor for the success of the bariatric surgery but further research on the larger group is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Stefura
- Department of Medical Education, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Rusinek
- Students' Scientific Group at 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Zając
- Students' Scientific Group at 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Zapała
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gosiewski
- Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Dominika Salamon
- Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Pędziwiatr
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21 St, 31-501, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Major
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21 St, 31-501, Kraków, Poland.
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Petito G, Cioffi F, Magnacca N, de Lange P, Senese R, Lanni A. Adipose Tissue Remodeling in Obesity: An Overview of the Actions of Thyroid Hormones and Their Derivatives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040572. [PMID: 37111329 PMCID: PMC10146771 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and obesity have become important health issues of epidemic proportions and are often the cause of related pathologies such as type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Adipose tissues (ATs) are dynamic tissues that play crucial physiological roles in maintaining health and homeostasis. An ample body of evidence indicates that in some pathophysiological conditions, the aberrant remodeling of adipose tissue may provoke dysregulation in the production of various adipocytokines and metabolites, thus leading to disorders in metabolic organs. Thyroid hormones (THs) and some of their derivatives, such as 3,5-diiodo-l-thyronine (T2), exert numerous functions in a variety of tissues, including adipose tissues. It is known that they can improve serum lipid profiles and reduce fat accumulation. The thyroid hormone acts on the brown and/or white adipose tissues to induce uncoupled respiration through the induction of the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) to generate heat. Multitudinous investigations suggest that 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) induces the recruitment of brown adipocytes in white adipose depots, causing the activation of a process known as "browning". Moreover, in vivo studies on adipose tissues show that T2, in addition to activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, may further promote the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT), and affect adipocyte morphology, tissue vascularization, and the adipose inflammatory state in rats receiving a high-fat diet (HFD). In this review, we summarize the mechanism by which THs and thyroid hormone derivatives mediate adipose tissue activity and remodeling, thus providing noteworthy perspectives on their efficacy as therapeutic agents to counteract such morbidities as obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Petito
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Nunzia Magnacca
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pieter de Lange
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
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Al-Omar HA, Alshehri A, Abanumay A, Alabdulkarim H, Alrumaih A, Eldin MS, Alqahtani SA. The Impact of Obesity in Saudi Arabia: Healthcare Resource Use and Costs Associated with Obesity-Related Complications. Adv Ther 2023; 40:1430-1443. [PMID: 36680731 PMCID: PMC10070310 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Saudi Arabia has a high prevalence of obesity, which increases the risk of individuals experiencing multiple chronic complications. Only a few publications highlight the healthcare costs of obesity-related complications (ORCs) in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A micro-costing approach was used to estimate the healthcare costs associated with 10 ORCs. Experienced clinicians in public and private practice across different geographical regions in Saudi Arabia were asked to estimate healthcare resource use associated with each ORC, and estimated unit costs were obtained from hospital administrators. Estimated overall annual costs per patient were calculated as a weighted average of separate public and private sector costs. RESULTS Individuals in Saudi Arabia with any single ORC incurred overall average annual healthcare costs of 2165-7558 US dollars (USD). Heart failure, chronic kidney disease, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) were the most costly complications, mainly driven by monitoring and/or pharmacological treatment costs. In contrast, asthma, hypertension, and angina were the least costly complications. Costs in private healthcare were higher than in public healthcare; the largest differences (2359-2793 USD) were noted for dyslipidemia, T2D, and osteoarthritis, mainly explained by differences in pharmacological treatment costs. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that ORCs result in a considerable financial burden to the healthcare system, and highlight the substantial cost savings that could be achieved by preventing or delaying the occurrence of ORCs in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain A Al-Omar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Health Technology Assessment Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali Alshehri
- Obesity Medicine Department, Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolism Centre, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hana Alabdulkarim
- Drug Policy and Economic Centre, Ministry of National Guards Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alrumaih
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Medical Services Directorate, Ministry of Defence, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saleh A Alqahtani
- Liver Transplant Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Alqahtani SA, Al-Omar HA, Alshehri A, Abanumay A, Alabdulkarim H, Alrumaih A, Eldin MS, Schnecke V. Obesity Burden and Impact of Weight Loss in Saudi Arabia: A Modelling Study. Adv Ther 2023; 40:1114-1128. [PMID: 36633732 PMCID: PMC9988771 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and its complications are associated with morbidity, mortality and high economic cost in Saudi Arabia. Estimating this impact at the population level and potential benefits to be gained from obesity reduction is vital to underpin policy initiatives to prevent disease risks. METHODS We combined data in an adapted version of the value of weight loss simulation model, to predict reductions in complication rates and cost savings achievable with 15% weight loss in Saudi Arabia over 10 years. To obtain model inputs, we conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify data on the prevalence of obesity and its complications in Saudi Arabia, and surveyed specialist physicians and hospital administrators in public (governmental) and private healthcare sectors. We used combinations of age, sex, obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) rates in Saudi Arabia to sample a United Kingdom (UK) cohort, creating a synthetic Saudi Arabia cohort expected to be representative of the population. RESULTS The synthetic Saudi Arabia cohort reflected expected comorbidity prevalences in the population, with a higher estimated prevalence of T2D, hypertension and dyslipidaemia than the UK cohort in all age groups. For 100,000 people with body mass index 30-50 kg/m2, it was estimated that 15% weight loss would lead to a 53.9% reduction in obstructive sleep apnoea, a 37.4% reduction in T2D and an 18.8% reduction in asthma. Estimated overall cost savings amounted to 1.026 billion Saudi Arabian Riyals; the largest contributors were reductions in T2D (30% of total cost savings for year 10), dyslipidaemia (26%) and hypertension (19%). CONCLUSIONS Sustained weight loss could significantly alleviate the burden of obesity-related complications in Saudi Arabia. Adopting obesity reduction as a major policy aim, and ensuring access to support and treatment should form an important part of the transformation of the healthcare system, as set out under 'Vision 2030'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A Alqahtani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Liver Transplant Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain A Al-Omar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. .,Health Technology Assessment Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali Alshehri
- Obesity Medicine Department, Obesity, Endocrine & Metabolism Centre, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hana Alabdulkarim
- Drug Policy and Economic Centre, Ministry of National Guards Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alrumaih
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Medical Services Directorate, Ministry of Defence, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Anugwom C, Thomson M, Freese RL, Lake JR, Lim N. Lower survival and higher rates of cirrhosis in patients with ROUX-EN-Y gastric bypass hospitalised with alcohol-associated hepatitis. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2023; 10:bmjgast-2022-001083. [PMID: 36808070 PMCID: PMC9943920 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2022-001083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is increasing, and weight loss surgery is more common due to the obesity epidemic. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is associated with alcohol use disorder and ALD; however, its impact on outcomes in patients hospitalised for alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) is unclear. DESIGN We performed a single-centre, retrospective study of patients with AH from June 2011 to December 2019. Primary exposure was the presence of RYGB. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes included overall mortality, readmissions and cirrhosis progression. RESULTS 2634 patients with AH met the inclusion criteria; 153 patients had RYGB. Median age of the entire cohort was 47.3 years; median Model for End Stage Liver Disease - Sodium (MELD-Na) was 15.1 in the study group versus 10.9 in the control group. There was no difference in inpatient mortality between the two groups. On logistic regression, increased age, elevated body mass index, MELD-Na >20 and haemodialysis were all associated with higher inpatient mortality. RYGB status was associated with increased 30-day readmission (20.3% vs 11.7%, p<0.01), development of cirrhosis (37.5% vs 20.9%, p<0.01) and overall mortality (31.4% vs 24%, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Patients with RYGB have higher rates of readmissions, cirrhosis and overall mortality after discharge from hospital for AH. Allocation of additional resources on discharge may improve clinical outcomes and reduce healthcare expenditure in this unique patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimaobi Anugwom
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA .,Digestive Care, HealthPartners, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mary Thomson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rebecca L Freese
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Biostatistical Design and Analysis Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John R Lake
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nicholas Lim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Dall RD, Cheung MM, Shewokis PA, Altasan A, Volpe SL, Amori R, Singh H, Sukumar D. Combined vitamin D and magnesium supplementation does not influence markers of bone turnover or glycemic control: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Nutr Res 2023; 110:33-43. [PMID: 36640582 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High-dose vitamin D supplementation can increase total osteocalcin concentrations that may reduce insulin resistance in individuals at risk for prediabetes or diabetes mellitus. Magnesium is a cofactor in vitamin D metabolism and activation. The purpose of this study was to determine the combined effect of vitamin D and magnesium supplementation on total osteocalcin concentrations, glycemic indices, and other bone turnover markers after a 12-week intervention in individuals who were overweight and obese, but otherwise healthy. We hypothesized that combined supplementation would improve serum total osteocalcin concentrations and glycemic indices more than vitamin D supplementation alone or a placebo. A total of 78 women and men completed this intervention in 3 groups: a vitamin D and magnesium group (1000 IU vitamin D3 and 360 mg magnesium glycinate), a vitamin D group (1000 IU vitamin D3), and a placebo group. Despite a significant increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in the vitamin D and magnesium group compared with the placebo group (difference = 5.63; CI, -10.0 to -1.21; P = .001) post-intervention, there were no differences in serum concentrations of total osteocalcin, glucose, insulin, and adiponectin or the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) among groups (P > .05 for all). Additionally, total osteocalcin (β = -0.310, P = .081), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (β = 0.004, P = .986), and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide (β = 0.426, P = .057), were not significant predictors of HOMA-IR after the intervention. Combined supplementation was not associated with short-term improvements in glycemic indices or bone turnover markers in participants who were overweight and obese in our study. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03134417).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary D Dall
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - May M Cheung
- City University of New York - Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | | | - Asma Altasan
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stella L Volpe
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Renee Amori
- St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | | | - Deeptha Sukumar
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Mamdouh H, Hussain HY, Ibrahim GM, Alawadi F, Hassanein M, Zarooni AA, Suwaidi HA, Hassan A, Alsheikh-Ali A, Alnakhi WK. Prevalence and associated risk factors of overweight and obesity among adult population in Dubai: a population-based cross-sectional survey in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e062053. [PMID: 36693685 PMCID: PMC9884894 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of overweight and obesity and determine the associated risk factors among adults in Dubai. DESIGN AND SETTING A cross-sectional survey with a multistage, stratified random sampling design was conducted in the Emirate of Dubai in 2019. PARTICIPANTS The study included 2142 adults aged 18+ years in the Emirate of Dubai. RESULTS The overall prevalence of obesity, which was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2, was 17.8%. The highest obesity rates were reported among women (21.6%) and the United Arab Emirates (UAE)-nationals (39.6%). Moreover, 39.8% of the population was overweight (BMI ≥25-29.9 kg/m2). Multivariate logistic regression showed associations between obesity and age, sex, nationality, hypertension and occupation. Obesity increases with age, with the highest risk at age group 50-59 years (OR 4.30; 95% CI 1.57 to 11.78) compared with the reference group (18-24 years). Females had a higher risk of obesity than males (OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.10 to 2.38). Compared with those in the reference group (Western and others), UAE nationals, other Arabs and Asians were more likely to be obese ((OR 2.08; 95% CI 1.18 to 3.67), (OR 3.61; 95% CI 2.41 to 5.44) and (OR 1.98; 95% CI 1.12 to 3.50), respectively). Clerical and service workers (OR 4.50; 95% CI 2.54 to 8.00) and elementary and unskilled occupation categories (OR 2.57; 95% CI 1.56 to 4.25) had higher risks of obesity than the reference group (professionals), p<0.01). Hypertensive individuals had a higher risk of obesity than normotensive individuals (OR=3.96; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Obesity and overweight are highly prevalent among adults in Dubai and are remarkably associated with sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors. Comprehensive strategic initiatives are urgently needed to control obesity in the high-risk populations in the Emirate of Dubai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Mamdouh
- Department of Data Analysis, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
- Department of Family Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hamid Y Hussain
- Department of Data Analysis, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
| | - Gamal M Ibrahim
- Department of Data Analysis, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
- Departemnet of statistics, High Institute for Management Sciences, Belqas, Egypt
| | - Fatheya Alawadi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Mohamed Hassanein
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Amer Al Zarooni
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Hanan Al Suwaidi
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Amar Hassan
- HBMCDM, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Alawi Alsheikh-Ali
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
- Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
| | - Wafa Khamis Alnakhi
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
- Department of Data Analysis Research and Studies, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
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Islam SMT, Palanisamy AP, Chedister GR, Schmidt MG, Lewin DNB, Chavin KD. Unsaturated or saturated dietary fat-mediated steatosis impairs hepatic regeneration following partial hepatectomy in mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284428. [PMID: 37167305 PMCID: PMC10174548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partial hepatectomy is a preferred treatment option for many patients with hepatocellular carcinoma however, pre-existing pathological abnormalities originating from hepatic steatosis can alter the decision to perform surgery or postoperative outcomes as a consequence of the impact steatosis has on liver regeneration. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the role of a saturated or unsaturated high fat diet-mediated steatosis on liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy. METHODS Mice were fed a low-fat control diet (CD, 13% fat), lard-based unsaturated (LD, 60% fat) or milk-based saturated high fat diet (MD, 60% fat) for 16 weeks at which time partial hepatectomy (approx. 70% resection) was performed. At days-2 and 7 post hepatectomy, one hour prior to euthanization, mice were injected with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine in order to monitor hepatic regeneration. Serum was collected and assessed for levels of ALT and AST. Resected and regenerated liver tissue were examined for inflammation-indicative markers employing RT-PCR, Western blots, and histological methods. RESULTS Mice fed LD or MD exhibited higher NAFLD scores, increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, neutrophil infiltration, macrophage accumulation, increased apoptosis, and elevated levels of serum ALT and AST activities, a decrease in the number of BrdU-incorporated-hepatocytes in the regenerated livers compared to the mice fed CD. Mice fed MD showed significantly lower percent of BrdU-incorporated hepatocytes and a higher trend of inflammation compared to the mice fed LD. CONCLUSION A diet rich in saturated or unsaturated fat results in NASH with decreased hepatic regeneration however unsaturated fat diet cause lower inflammation and higher regeneration than the saturated fat diet following partial hepatectomy in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Touhidul Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Arun P Palanisamy
- Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Gabriel R Chedister
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael G Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - David N B Lewin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kenneth D Chavin
- Department of Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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Mańkiewicz-Żurawska I, Lutogniewska W, Skała-Zamorowska E, Jarosz-Chobot P. Nutrition analysis - with particular focus on carbohydrate content in kefirs and natural yoghurts in the Polish consumer market. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 29:166-174. [PMID: 38031831 PMCID: PMC10679902 DOI: 10.5114/pedm.2023.132026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the nutrition of selected fermented dairy products available in Polish supermarkets and how many of them meet the criterion set by the European Parliament and Council Act (UE) no. 1924/2006 form 20 December 2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods regarding low sugar content in a solid product. In the study 100 fermented products, widely available in Polish supermarkets, were selected, and their nutrition was analysed based on the information placed on the producer's label, and the carbohydrate content was compared against the recommended 5 g per 100 g of the solid product. As a result, it was determined that among natural products, 92% of the kefirs and 36% fulfilled the carbohydrate content criterion, whereas out of the analysed flavoured products, only one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Mańkiewicz-Żurawska
- Department of Children’s Diabetology and Paediatrics, Upper Silesian Children’s Health Centre, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wanda Lutogniewska
- Department of Children’s Diabetology and Paediatrics, Upper Silesian Children’s Health Centre, Katowice, Poland
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Uddin MM, Mir T, Briasoulis A, Akintoye E, Adegbala O, Shafi I, Qureshi WT, Afonso LC. Clinical outcomes and 30-day readmissions associated with high-output heart failure. Hellenic J Cardiol 2023; 69:24-30. [PMID: 36273803 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-output heart failure (HOHF) is an underdiagnosed type of heart failure (HF) characterized by low systemic vascular resistance and high cardiac output. OBJECTIVE This study sought to characterize the causes, mortality, and readmissions related to HOHF within the United States. METHODS Data were collected from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) National Readmissions Database (NRD) from January 1, 2017, to November 30, 2019. We used the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10), diagnostic codes to identify encounters with HOHF and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). RESULTS Of the total 5,080,985 encounters with HF, 3,897 hospitalizations (mean age 62.5 ± 17.9 years, 56.5% females) with HOHF and 5,077,088 hospitalizations with HFrEF were recorded. The most commonly associated putative etiologies of HOHF included pulmonary disease (19.8%), morbid obesity (9.9%), sepsis (9.6%), cirrhosis (8.9%), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (7.9%), hyperthyroidism (5.5%), and sickle cell disease (3.3%). There was no significant difference in mortality rates [4.3% vs. 5.2%; odds ratio (OR) 0.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7-1.2] between HOHF and HFrEF. However, the 30-day readmission rate for HOHF was significantly lower than that for HFrEF (5.7% vs. 21.2%; OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.30-0.51). Cardiovascular (39.9%) followed by hematological (20.6%) complications accounted for the majority of 30-day readmissions in the HOHF group. CONCLUSIONS HOHF is an infrequently reported cardiovascular complication associated with noncardiovascular disorders and is encountered in 0.07% of all encounters with HF. Although comparable in-hospital mortality between studied cohorts was observed, raising awareness and timely recognition of this entity are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Uddin
- Internal Medicine Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Tanveer Mir
- Internal Medicine Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Alexandros Briasoulis
- Cardiovascular Medicine. National Kapodestrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Oluwole Adegbala
- Cardiovascular Medicine. Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Irfan Shafi
- Cardiovascular Medicine. Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Waqas T Qureshi
- Division of Cardiology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, USA
| | - Luis C Afonso
- Cardiovascular Medicine. Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
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Gibbons C, O'Hara B, O'Connor D, Hardman C, Wilton M, Harrold JA, Almiron-Roig E, Navas-Carretero S, Hodgkins CE, Nazare JA, Alligier M, Martínez JA, Scott C, Kjølbæk L, Normand M, Rannou C, Blaak EE, Feskens E, Moshoyiannis H, Raben A, Halford JCG, Beaulieu K, Finlayson G. Acute and repeated impact of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers in solid and semi-solid foods on appetite: protocol for a multicentre, cross-over, RCT in people with overweight/obesity - the SWEET Project. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e063903. [PMID: 36564114 PMCID: PMC9791453 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intake of free sugars in European countries is high and attempts to reduce sugar intake have been mostly ineffective. Non-nutritive sweeteners and sweetness enhancers (S&SEs) can maintain sweet taste in the absence of energy, but little is known about the impact of acute and repeated consumption of S&SE in foods on appetite. This study aims to evaluate the effect of acute and repeated consumption of two individual S&SEs and two S&SE blends in semisolid and solid foods on appetite and related behavioural, metabolic and health outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A work package of the SWEET Project; this study consists of five double-blind randomised cross-over trials which will be carried out at five sites across four European countries, aiming to have n=213. Five food matrices will be tested across three formulations (sucrose-sweetened control vs two reformulated products with S&SE blends and no added sugar). Participants (body mass index 25-35 kg/m2; aged 18-60 years) will consume each formulation for 14 days. The primary endpoint is composite appetite score (hunger, inverse of fullness, desire to eat and prospective food consumption) over a 3-hour postprandial incremental area under the curve during clinical investigation days on days 1 and 14. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The trial has been approved by national ethical committees and will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Results will be published in international peer-reviewed open-access scientific journals. Research data from the trial will be deposited in an open-access online research data archive. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04633681.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Charlotte Hardman
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Moon Wilton
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joanne A Harrold
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eva Almiron-Roig
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Charo E Hodgkins
- Food, Consumer Behaviour and Health Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Julie Anne Nazare
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Rhône-Alpes Research Centre for Human Nutrition, Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Maud Alligier
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Rhône-Alpes Research Centre for Human Nutrition, Pierre-Benite, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, French Obesity Research Centre of France, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Jose Alfredo Martínez
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Corey Scott
- Ingredients, Materials and Nutrition, Cargill, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Louise Kjølbæk
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mie Normand
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ellen E Blaak
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Edith Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Restrepo Betancur F. Obesidad y sobrepeso en Estados Unidos de Norteamérica en la última década. NOVA 2022. [DOI: 10.22490/24629448.6584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introducción. La obesidad y el sobrepeso son una de las mayores problemáticas a la que se enfrenta la sociedad en la actualidad. Las cifras indican que la obesidad es hoy en día una de las enfermedades con un mayor índice de morbilidad, disminuyendo la esperanza de vida representando un alto riesgo de mortalidad. Objetivo. Consistió en describir y comparar el porcentaje de obesidad y sobrepeso entre los diferentes Estados de EE. UU. Metodología. Se empleó un análisis de frecuencia de carácter unidimensional expresado mediante porcentajes, asociado a las variables porcentaje de obesidad y sobrepeso. Adicionalmentese empleó el análisis multivariado de la varianza, a fin de contrastar los diferentes Estados. Resultados. La investigación permitió evidenciar que las personas adultas entre 45 y 64 años presentan el mayor porcentaje de obesidad en las diferentes regiones de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, mientras el rango de edad entre 18 a 24 años es el grupo que posee el menor porcentaje en general. Conclusiones. El sexo masculino presenta mayores niveles de sobrepeso respecto al sexo femenino. De igual manera se observa que la obesidad se ha incrementado a lo largo del tiempo, mientras el sobrepeso ha disminuido levemente.
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Labonté K, Knäuper B, Dubé L, Yang N, Nielsen DE. Adherence to a caloric budget and body weight change vary by season, gender, and BMI: An observational study of daily users of a mobile health app. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 8:735-747. [PMID: 36483118 PMCID: PMC9722451 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Self-monitoring, one of the most important behaviors for successful weight loss, can be facilitated through mobile health applications (mHealth apps). Therefore, it is of interest to determine whether consistent users of these apps succeed in achieving their weight goals. This study used data from an mHealth app that enabled tracking of caloric intake, body weight, and physical activity and provided a caloric budget depending on weight goal. The primary objective was to evaluate adherence to caloric budget and body weight change among the most consistent (i.e., daily) trackers of caloric intake over a calendar year (n = 9372, 50% male). Methods Gender-stratified linear mixed models were conducted to examine the effects of quarter of year (Q1-Q4 as season proxies) and body mass index (BMI) group (normal weight, overweight, obesity) on adherence to a caloric budget (kcal/day). Change in body weight was analyzed using a subset of users (n = 5808) who entered their weight in the app at least once per week, once per month, or once in Q1 and Q4. Physical activity entries were evaluated in exploratory analyses. Results Only users with obesity met their caloric budget in Q1. Deviation from budget increased for all groups from Q1 to Q2 (mean change[±standard error of the mean]: +23.7[±1.8] and +39.7[±2.2] kcal/day for female and male users, p < 0.001), was stable between Q2 and Q3, and fluctuated thereafter depending on gender and BMI, with greater deviation among males with overweight. Users with obesity with weight entries at least once per month lost the most weight (-6.1[±0.3] and -4.5[±0.3] kg for females and males, p < 0.001). Physical activity was highest in the summer months. Conclusions Among consistent calorie trackers, adherence to a caloric budget and body weight vary by season, gender, and BMI. Self-monitoring of body weight in addition to calorie tracking may lead to improved weight loss outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Labonté
- School of Human NutritionMcGill UniversitySainte‐Anne‐de‐BellevueQuebecCanada
| | - Bärbel Knäuper
- Department of PsychologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Laurette Dubé
- Desautels Faculty of ManagementMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Nathan Yang
- Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and ManagementSC Johnson College of BusinessCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Daiva E. Nielsen
- School of Human NutritionMcGill UniversitySainte‐Anne‐de‐BellevueQuebecCanada
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Budek M, Nuszkiewicz J, Piórkowska A, Czuczejko J, Szewczyk-Golec K. Inflammation Related to Obesity in the Etiopathogenesis of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2660. [PMID: 36289922 PMCID: PMC9599081 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are rare neoplasms, which, due to their heterogeneous nature, non-specific symptoms, and lack of specific tumor markers pose many diagnostic and clinical challenges. In recent years, the effectiveness of GEP-NEN diagnosis has increased, which is probably associated with the greater availability of diagnostic tests and the cooperation of many experienced specialists in various scientific disciplines. In addition to the possible genetic etiology, the cause of GEP-NET development is not fully understood. Inflammation and obesity are known risks that contribute to the development of many diseases. Chronic inflammation accompanying obesity affects the hormonal balance and cell proliferation and causes the impairment of the immune system function, leading to neoplastic transformation. This review explores the role of inflammation and obesity in GEP-NETs. The exact mechanisms inducing tumor growth are unknown; however, the profile of inflammatory factors released in the GEP-NET tumor microenvironment is responsible for the progression or inhibition of tumor growth. Both the excess of adipose tissue and the impaired function of the immune system affect not only the initiation of cancer but also reduce the comfort and lifetime of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Budek
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Nuszkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Piórkowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Czuczejko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology Centre Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 2 Dr. I. Romanowskiej St., 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karolina Szewczyk-Golec
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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45
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Sysko R, Bibeau J, Boyar A, Costello K, Michaelides A, Mitchell ES, Susanin A, Hildebrandt T. A 2.5-Year Weight Management Program Using Noom Health: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e37541. [PMID: 35969439 PMCID: PMC9419047 DOI: 10.2196/37541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity are serious public health concerns. As the prevalence of excess weight among individuals continues to increase, there is a parallel need for inexpensive, highly accessible, and evidence-based weight loss programs. OBJECTIVE This weight loss trial will aim to examine the efficacy of the Noom weight loss program in comparison to a digital control after a 6-month intervention phase and a 24-month maintenance phase, with assessments continuing for 2 years beyond the intervention (to 30 months-after the baseline). The secondary outcomes include quality of life, psychosocial functioning, sleep quality, physical activity, diet, and health status. This trial will also examine the severity of obesity-related functional impairment, weight loss history, and demographic moderators, along with adherence and self-efficacy as mediators of the outcome. METHODS A total of 600 participants were randomized in a parallel-group, controlled trial to either Noom Healthy Weight Program (intervention) or Noom Healthy Weight Control (control) for a 6-month intervention. Both intervention and control groups include diet and exercise recommendations, educational content, daily logging capabilities, and daily weigh-in entries. The Noom Healthy Weight Program also includes a coach support for weight loss. Remote follow-up assessments of eating, physical activity, psychosocial factors, app use data, and weight will be conducted at 1, 4, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 months after baseline. Weight is measured at each follow-up point during a Zoom call using the participants' scales. RESULTS Enrollment began in March 2021 and the 6-month intervention phase ended in March 2022. Data collection for the final assessment will be completed in March 2024. CONCLUSIONS This study tests commercially available digital lifestyle interventions for individuals with overweight and obesity seeking weight loss support. Data obtained from the study will evaluate whether the Noom Healthy Weight Control Program can help individuals overcome weight loss, achieve long-term maintenance, adhere to lifestyle changes, and feature use barriers that are present in other traditional weight loss treatments. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04797169; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04797169. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/37541.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Sysko
- Eating and Weight Disorders Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jessica Bibeau
- Eating and Weight Disorders Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Allison Boyar
- Eating and Weight Disorders Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kayla Costello
- Eating and Weight Disorders Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Annabel Susanin
- Eating and Weight Disorders Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tom Hildebrandt
- Eating and Weight Disorders Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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de Wit L, Have MT, Cuijpers P, de Graaf R. Body Mass Index and risk for onset of mood and anxiety disorders in the general population: Results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2). BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:522. [PMID: 35918662 PMCID: PMC9344769 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04077-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examine the onset of a clinical diagnosis of mood (major depression, dysthymia and bipolar disorder)- and anxiety disorders (panic disorder, agoraphobia without panic disorder, social phobia, specific phobia and generalized anxiety disorder) by Body Mass Index levels at baseline in the general adult population over three years. METHODS Data are from NEMESIS-2, a representative psychiatric cohort study in the Netherlands. A total of 5303 subjects aged 18-64 were interviewed with the CIDI (3.0 based on DSM-IV) in two waves, with an interval of three years. The first wave was performed from November 2007 to July 2009, the second wave from November 2010 to June 2012. RESULTS Persons with obesity at baseline had a significantly increased risk of the onset of any mood -or anxiety disorder adjusting for covariates compared to persons with a normal Body Mass Index (OR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.11-2.62). The odds ratio of the underweight category was non-significant. A dose-response effect of the continuous BMI scores on the onset of any mood or anxiety disorder was found (OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02 = 1.10; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Obesity at baseline is a risk for the onset of mood -and anxiety disorders at three year follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonore de Wit
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7-9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Margreet ten Have
- grid.416017.50000 0001 0835 8259Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7-9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron de Graaf
- grid.416017.50000 0001 0835 8259Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Ester T, Kullmann S. Neurobiological regulation of eating behavior: Evidence based on non-invasive brain stimulation. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:753-772. [PMID: 34862944 PMCID: PMC9307556 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex is appreciated as a key neurobiological player in human eating behavior. A special focus is herein dedicated to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which is critically involved in executive function such as cognitive control over eating. Persons with obesity display hypoactivity in this brain area, which is linked to overconsumption and food craving. Contrary to that, higher activity in the DLPFC is associated with successful weight-loss and weight-maintenance. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neurostimulation tool used to enhance self-control and inhibitory control. The number of studies using tDCS to influence eating behavior rapidly increased in the last years. However, the effectiveness of tDCS is still unclear, as studies show mixed results and individual differences were shown to be an important factor in the effectiveness of non-invasive brain stimulation. Here, we describe the current state of research of human studies using tDCS to influence food intake, food craving, subjective feeling of hunger and body weight. Excitatory stimulation of the right DLPFC seems most promising to reduce food cravings to highly palatable food, while other studies provide evidence that stimulating the left DLPFC shows promising effects on weight loss and weight maintenance, especially in multisession approaches. Overall, the reported findings are heterogeneous pointing to large interindividual differences in tDCS responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Ester
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Kullmann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Ebehard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Rathod R, Zhang H, Karmaus W, Ewart S, Mzayek F, Arshad SH, Holloway JW. Association of childhood BMI trajectory with post-adolescent and adult lung function is mediated by pre-adolescent DNA methylation. Respir Res 2022; 23:194. [PMID: 35906571 PMCID: PMC9335987 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) has been shown to be associated with lung function. Recent findings showed that DNA methylation (DNAm) variation is likely to be a consequence of changes in BMI. However, whether DNAm mediates the association of BMI with lung function is unknown. We examined the mediating role of DNAm on the association of pre-adolescent BMI trajectories with post-adolescent and adulthood lung function (forced expiratory volume (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC). METHODS Analyses were undertaken in the Isle of Wight birth cohort (IOWBC). Group-based trajectory modelling was applied to infer latent BMI trajectories from age 1 to 10 years. An R package, ttscreening, was applied to identify CpGs at 10 years potentially associated with BMI trajectories for each sex. Linear regressions were implemented to further screen CpGs for their association with lung function at 18 years. Path analysis, stratified by sex, was applied to each screened CpG to assess its role of mediation. Internal validation was applied to further examine the mediation consistency of the detected CpGs based on lung function at 26 years. Mendelian randomization (MR-base) was used to test possible causal effects of the identified CpGs. RESULTS Two BMI trajectories (high vs. low) were identified. Of the 442,475 CpG sites, 18 CpGs in males and 33 in females passed screening. Eight CpGs in males and 16 CpGs in females (none overlapping) were identified as mediators. For subjects with high BMI trajectory, high DNAm at all CpGs in males were associated with decreased lung function, while 8 CpGs in females were associated with increased lung function at 18 years. At 26 years, 6 CpGs in males and 14 CpGs in females showed the same direction of indirect effects as those at 18 years. DNAm at CpGs cg19088553 (GRIK2) and cg00612625 (HPSE2) showed a potential causal effect on FEV1. CONCLUSIONS The effects of BMI trajectory in early childhood on post-adolescence lung function were likely to be mediated by pre-adolescence DNAm in both males and females, but such mediation effects were likely to diminish over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutu Rathod
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-0001, USA
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-0001, USA.
| | - Wilfried Karmaus
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-0001, USA
| | - Susan Ewart
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Fawaz Mzayek
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-0001, USA
| | - S Hasan Arshad
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, Isle of Wight, UK
| | - John W Holloway
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Mukamana JI, Machakanja P, Zeeb H, Yaya S, Adjei NK. Investigating the associations between intimate partner violence and nutritional status of women in Zimbabwe. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272038. [PMID: 35877657 PMCID: PMC9312962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women and poor nutritional status are growing health problems in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Moreover, violence against women has been shown to be associated with poor nutrition. This study investigated the relationship between IPV and nutritional status (i.e., underweight, overweight, and obesity) among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in Zimbabwe. METHODS Pooled data from the 2005/2006, 2010/2011, and 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic Health Surveys (ZDHS) on 13,008 married/cohabiting women were analysed. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between the various forms of IPV and the nutritional status of women. We further estimated the prevalence of BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 (overweight and obesity) by intimate partner violence type. RESULTS The mean BMI of women was 24.3 kg/m2, more than one-fifth (24%) were overweight and about 12% were obese. Forty-three percent (43%) of women reported to have ever experienced at least one form of intimate partner violence. More than one-third (35%) of women who reported to have ever experienced at least one form of intimate partner violence had a BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 (p< 0.01). Relative to normal weight, women who had ever experienced at least one form of IPV (i.e., physical, emotional, or sexual) were more likely to be obese (aOR = 2.59; 95% CI = 1.05-6.39). Women's exposure to any form of intimate partner violence was not significantly associated with the likelihood of being underweight or overweight relative to normal weight. CONCLUSIONS The study findings show that women of reproductive age in Zimbabwe are at high risk of both IPV and excess weight. Moreover, we found a positive relationship between exposure to at least one form IPV and obesity. Public health interventions that target the well-being, empowerment and development of women are needed to address the complex issue of IPV and adverse health outcomes, including obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela Machakanja
- Institute of Peace, Leadership and Governance, Africa University, Mutare, Zimbabwe
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sanni Yaya
- School of International Development and Global Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nicholas Kofi Adjei
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Oo WM, Mobasheri A, Hunter DJ. A narrative review of anti-obesity medications for obese patients with osteoarthritis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:1381-1395. [PMID: 35855642 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2104636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : The prevalence of both obesity and osteoarthritis (OA) are increasing worldwide (twindemic), and the association between the two chronic diseases is also well-established. AREAS COVERED : In this narrative review, we will briefly describe the double burdens of both diseases, the impact of weight loss or gain on OA incidence and structural progression and discuss the biomechanical and anti-inflammatory mechanisms mediating these effects. FDA-approved anti-obesity drugs are summarized in terms of their clinical efficacy and safety profile, and the completed or ongoing phase 2/3 clinical trials of such drugs in OA patients with obesity are examined. EXPERT OPINION : We will discuss the perspectives related to principles of prescription of anti-obesity drugs, the potential role of phenotype-guided approach, time to drug effects in clinical trials, sustainability of weight loss based on the real-world studies, the importance of concomitant therapies such as dieting and exercises, and the role of weight loss on non-weight bearing OA joints. Although obesity is the major risk factor for OA pathogenesis and progression, and there are a variety of anti-obesity medications on the market, research on the use of these disease-modifying drugs in OA (DMOAD) is still sparse..
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Affiliation(s)
- Win Min Oo
- Rheumatology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mandalay General Hospital, University of Medicine, Mandalay, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Liege, Belgium
| | - David J Hunter
- Rheumatology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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