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Okuma H, Tsuchiya K. Tissue-specific activation of insulin signaling as a potential target for obesity-related metabolic disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 262:108699. [PMID: 39111411 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide. Obesity-associated insulin resistance has long been established as a significant risk factor for obesity-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. Insulin plays a key role in systemic glucose metabolism, with the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue as the major acting tissues. Insulin receptors and the downstream insulin signaling-related molecules are expressed in various tissues, including vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and monocytes/macrophages. In obesity, decreased insulin action is considered a driver for associated disorders. However, whether insulin action has a positive or negative effect on obesity-related disorders depends on the tissue in which it acts. While an enhancement of insulin signaling in the liver increases hepatic fat accumulation and exacerbates dyslipidemia, enhancement of insulin signaling in adipose tissue protects against obesity-related dysfunction of various organs by increasing the capacity for fat accumulation in the adipose tissue and inhibiting ectopic fat accumulation. Thus, this "healthy adipose tissue expansion" by enhancing insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, but not in the liver, may be an effective therapeutic strategy for obesity-related disorders. To effectively address obesity-related metabolic disorders, the mechanisms of insulin resistance in various tissues of obese patients must be understood and drugs that enhance insulin action must be developed. In this article, we review the potential of interventions that enhance insulin signaling as a therapeutic strategy for obesity-related disorders, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of insulin action in each tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Okuma
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 4093898, Japan
| | - Kyoichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 4093898, Japan.
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2
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Tanaka Y, Farkhondeh A, Yang W, Ueno H, Noda M, Hirokawa N. Kinesin-1 mediates proper ER folding of the Ca V1.2 channel and maintains mouse glucose homeostasis. EMBO Rep 2024:10.1038/s44319-024-00246-y. [PMID: 39322740 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from pancreatic beta cells is a principal mechanism for systemic glucose homeostasis, of which regulatory mechanisms are still unclear. Here we show that kinesin molecular motor KIF5B is essential for GSIS through maintaining the voltage-gated calcium channel CaV1.2 levels, by facilitating an Hsp70-to-Hsp90 chaperone exchange to pass through the quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Phenotypic analyses of KIF5B conditional knockout (cKO) mouse beta cells revealed significant abolishment of glucose-stimulated calcium transients, which altered the behaviors of insulin granules via abnormally stabilized cortical F-actin. KIF5B and Hsp90 colocalize to microdroplets on ER sheets, where CaV1.2 but not Kir6.2 is accumulated. In the absence of KIF5B, CaV1.2 fails to be transferred from Hsp70 to Hsp90 via STIP1, and is likely degraded via the proteasomal pathway. KIF5B and Hsc70 overexpression increased CaV1.2 expression via enhancing its chaperone binding. Thus, ER sheets may serve as the place of KIF5B- and Hsp90-dependent chaperone exchange, which predominantly facilitates CaV1.2 production in beta cells and properly enterprises GSIS against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Tanaka
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atena Farkhondeh
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Wenxing Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ueno
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Noda
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Ichikawa Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, 272-0827, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hirokawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Department of Advanced Morphological Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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Mueller JW, Thomas P, Dalgaard LT, da Silva Xavier G. Sulfation pathways in the maintenance of functional beta-cell mass and implications for diabetes. Essays Biochem 2024:EBC20240034. [PMID: 39290144 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20240034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes Type 1 and Type 2 are widely occurring diseases. In spite of a vast amount of biomedical literature about diabetic processes in general, links to certain biological processes are only becoming evident these days. One such area of biology is the sulfation of small molecules, such as steroid hormones or metabolites from the gastrointestinal tract, as well as larger biomolecules, such as proteins and proteoglycans. Thus, modulating the physicochemical propensities of the different sulfate acceptors, resulting in enhanced solubility, expedited circulatory transit, or enhanced macromolecular interaction. This review lists evidence for the involvement of sulfation pathways in the maintenance of functional pancreatic beta-cell mass and the implications for diabetes, grouped into various classes of sulfated biomolecule. Complex heparan sulfates might play a role in the development and maintenance of beta-cells. The sulfolipids sulfatide and sulfo-cholesterol might contribute to beta-cell health. In beta-cells, there are only very few proteins with confirmed sulfation on some tyrosine residues, with the IRS4 molecule being one of them. Sulfated steroid hormones, such as estradiol-sulfate and vitamin-D-sulfate, may facilitate downstream steroid signaling in beta-cells, following de-sulfation. Indoxyl sulfate is a metabolite from the intestine, that causes kidney damage, contributing to diabetic kidney disease. Finally, from a technological perspective, there is heparan sulfate, heparin, and chondroitin sulfate, that all might be involved in next-generation beta-cell transplantation. Sulfation pathways may play a role in pancreatic beta-cells through multiple mechanisms. A more coherent understanding of sulfation pathways in diabetes will facilitate discussion and guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wolf Mueller
- Department of Metabolism and Systems Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Patricia Thomas
- Department of Metabolism and Systems Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
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Jiang M, Wang N, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Yan X, Zhang H, Li C, Guan Y, Liang B, Zhang W, Wu Y. Insulin receptor isoform B is required for efficient proinsulin processing in pancreatic β cells. iScience 2024; 27:110017. [PMID: 39021804 PMCID: PMC11253548 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The insulin receptor (INSR, IR) has two isoforms, IRA and IRB, through alternative splicing. However, their distinct functions in vivo remain unclear. Here we generated β cell-specific IRB knockout (KO) mice (βIRBKO). The KO mice displayed worsened hyperinsulinemia and hyperproinsulinemia in diet-induced obesity due to impaired proinsulin processing in β cells. Mechanistically, loss of IRB suppresses eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G1 (eIF4G1) by stabilizing the transcriptional receptor sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1). Moreover, excessive autocrine proinsulin in βIRBKO mice enhances the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) through the remaining IRA to further stabilize nuclear SREBP1, forming a feedback loop. Collectively, our study paves the way to dissecting the isoform-specific function of IR in vivo and highlights the important roles of IRB in insulin processing and protecting β cells from lipotoxicity in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Jiang
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Liaoning Provence Key Lab of Genome Engineered Animal Models, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Liaoning Provence Key Lab of Genome Engineered Animal Models, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Liaoning Provence Key Lab of Genome Engineered Animal Models, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, School of Laboratory Animal & Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Youwei Li
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Liaoning Provence Key Lab of Genome Engineered Animal Models, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, China
- Haidu College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Laiyang, Shandong 265200, China
| | - Xiu Yan
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Liaoning Provence Key Lab of Genome Engineered Animal Models, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, China
| | - Honghao Zhang
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Liaoning Provence Key Lab of Genome Engineered Animal Models, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, China
| | - Chengbin Li
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Youfei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Liaoning Provence Key Lab of Genome Engineered Animal Models, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, School of Laboratory Animal & Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
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Gao Y, Wu Y, Tie F, Wang H. Stilbenoids from fenugreek seeds alleviate insulin resistance by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in a type 2 diabetes zebrafish model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32007. [PMID: 39040253 PMCID: PMC11260975 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is the main cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The specific targets and underlying mechanisms responsible for the ameliorative effects of the stilbenoid compounds found in fenugreek seeds for ameliorating IR require further study. Here, we were predicted by using the network pharmacology prediction, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation approach the targets in common and the potential mechanismsof three stilbenoid compounds (rhaponticin, desoxyrhaponticin, and rhapontigenin) in relation to T2DM and IR. The results showed that the compounds may improve IR through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. Molecular docking studies revealed that they exhibit high binding affinity with the structural domains of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), PI3K, and AKT. These results suggest that PPARG and GAPDH may be the potential targets for these three compounds in the treatment of T2DM.Subsequently, experiments using the zebrafish T2DM model showed that the stilbenoid compounds had varying degrees of efficacy in improving IR through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and rhaponticin had the most promising effects. The findings implicate a potential mechanism of action for the three stilbenoid compounds in enhancing insulin resistance (IR) through modulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, 810008, PR China
| | - Yun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, 810008, PR China
| | - Fangfang Tie
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, 810008, PR China
| | - Honglun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, 810008, PR China
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Hernández-Gómez KG, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Granados-Portillo O, Avila-Nava A, González-Salazar LE, Serralde-Zúñiga AE, Palacios-González B, Pichardo-Ontiveros E, Guizar-Heredia R, López-Barradas AM, Sánchez-Tapia M, Larios-Serrato V, Olin-Sandoval V, Díaz-Villaseñor A, Medina-Vera I, Noriega LG, Alemán-Escondrillas G, Ortiz-Ortega VM, Torres N, Tovar AR, Guevara-Cruz M. Acute Effects of Dietary Protein Consumption on the Postprandial Metabolic Response, Amino Acid Levels and Circulating MicroRNAs in Patients with Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7716. [PMID: 39062958 PMCID: PMC11276941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The post-nutritional intervention modulation of miRNA expression has been previously investigated; however, post-acute dietary-ingestion-related miRNA expression dynamics in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are unknown. We aimed to determine the acute effects of protein ingestion from different dietary sources on the postprandial metabolic response, amino acid levels, and circulating miRNA expression in adults with obesity and IR. This clinical trial included adults with obesity and IR who consumed (1) animal-source protein (AP; calcium caseinate) or (2) vegetable-source protein (VP; soy protein isolate). Glycaemic, insulinaemic, and glucagon responses, amino acid levels, and exosomal microRNAs isolated from plasma were analysed. Post-AP ingestion, the area under the curve (AUC) of insulin (p = 0.04) and the plasma concentrations of branched-chain (p = 0.007) and gluconeogenic (p = 0.01) amino acids increased. The effects of different types of proteins on the concentration of miRNAs were evaluated by measuring their plasma circulating levels. Compared with the baseline, the AP group presented increased circulating levels of miR-27a-3p, miR-29b-3p, and miR-122-5p (p < 0.05). Subsequent analysis over time at 0, 30, and 60 min revealed the same pattern and differences between treatments. We demonstrated that a single dose of dietary protein has acute effects on hormonal and metabolic regulation and increases exosomal miRNA expression in individuals with obesity and IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla G. Hernández-Gómez
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Laura A. Velázquez-Villegas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Omar Granados-Portillo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Azalia Avila-Nava
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, IMSS-Bienestar, Mérida 97130, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Luis E. González-Salazar
- Servicio de Nutriología Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Aurora E. Serralde-Zúñiga
- Servicio de Nutriología Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Berenice Palacios-González
- Laboratorio de Envejecimiento Saludable del INMEGEN en el Centro de Investigación Sobre el Envejecimiento, Mexico City 14330, Mexico
| | - Edgar Pichardo-Ontiveros
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Rocio Guizar-Heredia
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Adriana M. López-Barradas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Mónica Sánchez-Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Violeta Larios-Serrato
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Viridiana Olin-Sandoval
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Andrea Díaz-Villaseñor
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Isabel Medina-Vera
- Departamento de Metodología de la Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Lilia G. Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Alemán-Escondrillas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Victor M. Ortiz-Ortega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Armando R. Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Martha Guevara-Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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Wang M, Pugh SM, Daboul J, Miller D, Xu Y, Hill JW. IGF-1 Acts through Kiss1-expressing Cells to Influence Metabolism and Reproduction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.02.601722. [PMID: 39005405 PMCID: PMC11244982 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.02.601722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Objective Kisspeptin, encoded by the Kiss1 gene, ties puberty and fertility to energy status; however, the metabolic factors that control Kiss1-expressing cells need to be clarified. Methods To evaluate the impact of IGF-1 on the metabolic and reproductive functions of kisspeptin producing cells, we created mice with IGF-1 receptor deletion driven by the Kiss1 promoter (IGF1RKiss1 mice). Previous studies have shown IGF-1 and insulin can bind to each other's receptor, permitting IGF-1 signaling in the absence of IGF1R. Therefore, we also generated mice with simultaneous deletion of the IGF1R and insulin receptor (IR) in Kiss1-expressing cells (IGF1R/IRKiss1 mice). Results Loss of IGF1R in Kiss1 cells caused stunted body length. In addition, female IGF1RKiss1 mice displayed lower body weight and food intake plus higher energy expenditure and physical activity. This phenotype was linked to higher proopiomelanocortin (POMC) expression and heightened brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Male IGF1RKiss1 mice had mild changes in metabolic functions. Moreover, IGF1RKiss1 mice of both sexes experienced delayed puberty. Notably, male IGF1RKiss1 mice had impaired adulthood fertility accompanied by lower gonadotropin and testosterone levels. Thus, IGF1R in Kiss1-expressing cells impacts metabolism and reproduction in a sex-specific manner. IGF1R/IRKiss1 mice had higher fat mass and glucose intolerance, suggesting IGF1R and IR in Kiss1-expressing cells together regulate body composition and glucose homeostasis. Conclusions Overall, our study shows that IGF1R and IR in Kiss1 have cooperative roles in body length, metabolism, and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Wang
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seamus M. Pugh
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Judy Daboul
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - David Miller
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer W. Hill
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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Galli A, Moretti S, Dule N, Di Cairano ES, Castagna M, Marciani P, Battaglia C, Bertuzzi F, Fiorina P, Pastore I, La Rosa S, Davalli A, Folli F, Perego C. Hyperglycemia impairs EAAT2 glutamate transporter trafficking and glutamate clearance in islets of Langerhans: implications for type 2 diabetes pathogenesis and treatment. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E27-E41. [PMID: 38690938 PMCID: PMC11390119 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00069.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic endocrine cells employ a sophisticated system of paracrine and autocrine signals to synchronize their activities, including glutamate, which controls hormone release and β-cell viability by acting on glutamate receptors expressed by endocrine cells. We here investigate whether alteration of the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2), the major glutamate clearance system in the islet, may occur in type 2 diabetes mellitus and contribute to β-cell dysfunction. Increased EAAT2 intracellular localization was evident in islets of Langerhans from T2DM subjects as compared with healthy control subjects, despite similar expression levels. Chronic treatment of islets from healthy donors with high-glucose concentrations led to the transporter internalization in vesicular compartments and reduced [H3]-d-glutamate uptake (65 ± 5% inhibition), phenocopying the findings in T2DM pancreatic sections. The transporter relocalization was associated with decreased Akt phosphorylation protein levels, suggesting an involvement of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway in the process. In line with this, PI3K inhibition by a 100-µM LY294002 treatment in human and clonal β-cells caused the transporter relocalization in intracellular compartments and significantly reduced the glutamate uptake compared to control conditions, suggesting that hyperglycemia changes the trafficking of the transporter to the plasma membrane. Upregulation of the glutamate transporter upon treatment with the antibiotic ceftriaxone rescued hyperglycemia-induced β-cells dysfunction and death. Our data underscore the significance of EAAT2 in regulating islet physiology and provide a rationale for potential therapeutic targeting of this transporter to preserve β-cell survival and function in diabetes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The glutamate transporter SLC1A2/excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) is expressed on the plasma membrane of pancreatic β-cells and controls islet glutamate clearance and β-cells survival. We found that the EAAT2 membrane expression is lost in the islets of Langerhans from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients due to hyperglycemia-induced downregulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway and modification of its intracellular trafficking. Pharmacological rescue of EAAT2 expression prevents β-cell dysfunction and death, suggesting EAAT2 as a new potential target of intervention in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Galli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Moretti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nevia Dule
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana Sara Di Cairano
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Castagna
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Marciani
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Battaglia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Fiorina
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco,"Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Ida Pastore
- Endocrinology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano La Rosa
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Oncology, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Alberto Davalli
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Folli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Perego
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Boo HJ, Min HY, Lim HB, Lee E, Lee HY. Autocrine insulin-like growth factor 2 signaling as a potential target in the associated development of pulmonary emphysema and cancer in smokers. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:31. [PMID: 38902841 PMCID: PMC11191215 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking causes pulmonary inflammation, resulting in emphysema, an independent risk factor for lung cancer. Induction of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) in response to lung injury by tobacco carcinogens, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene in combination (NB), is critical for the proliferation of alveolar type 2 cells (AT2s) for lung repair. However, persistent IGF2 overexpression during NB-induced severe injury results in hyperproliferation of AT2s without coordinated AT2-to-AT1 differentiation, disrupting alveolar repair, which leads to the concurrent development of emphysema and lung cancer. The current study aims to verify the role of IGF2 signaling in the associated development of emphysema and cancer and develop effective pharmaceuticals for the diseases using animal models that recapitulate the characteristics of these chronic diseases. METHODS The pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema and cancer was analyzed by lung function testing, histological evaluation, in situ zymography, dihydroethidium staining, and immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry analyses utilizing mouse models of emphysema and cancer established by moderate exposure to NB for up to seven months. RESULTS Moderate NB exposure induced IGF2 expression in AT2s during the development of pulmonary emphysema and lung cancer in mice. Using AT2-specific insulin receptor knockout mice, we verified the causative role of sustained IGF2 signaling activation in AT2s in emphysema development. IGF2-targeting strategies, including voltage-dependent calcium channel blocker (CCB) and a neutralizing antibody, significantly suppressed the NB-induced development of emphysema and lung cancer. A publicly available database revealed an inverse correlation between the use of calcium channel blockers and a COPD diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Our work confirms sustained IGF2 signaling activation in AT2s couples impaired lung repair to the concurrent development of emphysema and cancer in mice. Additionally, CCB and IGF2-specific neutralizing antibodies are effective pharmaceuticals for the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Boo
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Histology, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Min
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Bin Lim
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Euni Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Ridout SA, Vellanki P, Nemenman I. A mathematical model for ketosis-prone diabetes suggests the existence of multiple pancreatic β-cell inactivation mechanisms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.04.597343. [PMID: 38895272 PMCID: PMC11185683 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.597343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Ketosis-prone diabetes mellitus (KPD) is a subtype of type 2 diabetes, which presents much like type 1 diabetes, with dramatic hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis. Although KPD patients are initially insulin-dependent, after a few months of insulin treatment, ~ 70% undergo near-normoglycemia remission and can maintain blood glucose without insulin, as in early type 2 diabetes or prediabetes. Here, we propose that these phenomena can be explained by the existence of a fast, reversible glucotoxicity process, which may exist in all people but be more pronounced in those susceptible to KPD. We develop a simple mathematical model of the pathogenesis of KPD, which incorporates this assumption, and show that it reproduces the phenomenology of KPD, including variations in the ability for patients to achieve and sustain remission. These results suggest that a variation of our model may be able to quantitatively describe variations in the course of remission among individuals with KPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A. Ridout
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Initiative in Theory and Modeling of Living Systems, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Priyathama Vellanki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Grady Health System, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ilya Nemenman
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Initiative in Theory and Modeling of Living Systems, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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11
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Idevall-Hagren O, Incedal Nilsson C, Sanchez G. Keeping pace: the primary cilium as the conducting baton of the islet. Diabetologia 2024; 67:773-782. [PMID: 38353726 PMCID: PMC10955035 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Primary cilia are rod-like sensory organelles that protrude from the surface of most mammalian cells, including the cells of the islet, and mounting evidence supports important roles of these structures in the regulation of beta cell function and insulin secretion. The sensory abilities of the cilium arise from local receptor activation that is coupled to intrinsic signal transduction, and ciliary signals can propagate into the cell and influence cell function. Here, we review recent advances and studies that provide insights into intra-islet cues that trigger primary cilia signalling; how second messenger signals are generated and propagated within cilia; and how ciliary signalling affects beta cell function. We also discuss the potential involvement of primary cilia and ciliary signalling in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes, identify gaps in our current understanding of islet cell cilia function and provide suggestions on how to further our understanding of this intriguing structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gonzalo Sanchez
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Schwartz L, Salamon K, Simoni A, Eichler T, Jackson AR, Murtha M, Becknell B, Kauffman A, Linn-Peirano S, Holdsworth N, Tyagi V, Tang H, Rust S, Cortado H, Zabbarova I, Kanai A, Spencer JD. Insulin receptor signaling engages bladder urothelial defenses that limit urinary tract infection. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114007. [PMID: 38517889 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) commonly afflict people with diabetes. To better understand the mechanisms that predispose diabetics to UTIs, we employ diabetic mouse models and altered insulin signaling to show that insulin receptor (IR) shapes UTI defenses. Our findings are validated in human biosamples. We report that diabetic mice have suppressed IR expression and are more susceptible to UTIs caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Systemic IR inhibition increases UPEC susceptibility, while IR activation reduces UTIs. Localized IR deletion in bladder urothelium promotes UTI by increasing barrier permeability and suppressing antimicrobial peptides. Mechanistically, IR deletion reduces nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-dependent programming that co-regulates urothelial tight junction integrity and antimicrobial peptides. Exfoliated urothelial cells or urine samples from diabetic youths show suppressed expression of IR, barrier genes, and antimicrobial peptides. These observations demonstrate that urothelial insulin signaling has a role in UTI prevention and link IR to urothelial barrier maintenance and antimicrobial peptide expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schwartz
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Kristin Salamon
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Aaron Simoni
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Tad Eichler
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Ashley R Jackson
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Matthew Murtha
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Brian Becknell
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Andrew Kauffman
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Sarah Linn-Peirano
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Natalie Holdsworth
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Vidhi Tyagi
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Hancong Tang
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Steve Rust
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Hanna Cortado
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Irina Zabbarova
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Anthony Kanai
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - John David Spencer
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
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13
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Hill TG, Hill DJ. The Importance of Intra-Islet Communication in the Function and Plasticity of the Islets of Langerhans during Health and Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4070. [PMID: 38612880 PMCID: PMC11012451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Islets of Langerhans are anatomically dispersed within the pancreas and exhibit regulatory coordination between islets in response to nutritional and inflammatory stimuli. However, within individual islets, there is also multi-faceted coordination of function between individual beta-cells, and between beta-cells and other endocrine and vascular cell types. This is mediated partly through circulatory feedback of the major secreted hormones, insulin and glucagon, but also by autocrine and paracrine actions within the islet by a range of other secreted products, including somatostatin, urocortin 3, serotonin, glucagon-like peptide-1, acetylcholine, and ghrelin. Their availability can be modulated within the islet by pericyte-mediated regulation of microvascular blood flow. Within the islet, both endocrine progenitor cells and the ability of endocrine cells to trans-differentiate between phenotypes can alter endocrine cell mass to adapt to changed metabolic circumstances, regulated by the within-islet trophic environment. Optimal islet function is precariously balanced due to the high metabolic rate required by beta-cells to synthesize and secrete insulin, and they are susceptible to oxidative and endoplasmic reticular stress in the face of high metabolic demand. Resulting changes in paracrine dynamics within the islets can contribute to the emergence of Types 1, 2 and gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Hill
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - David J. Hill
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph’s Health Care, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada;
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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14
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Ivovic A, Yung JHM, Oprescu AI, Vlavcheski F, Mori Y, Rahman SMN, Ye W, Eversley JA, Wheeler MB, Woo M, Tsiani E, Giacca A. β-Cell Insulin Resistance Plays a Causal Role in Fat-Induced β-Cell Dysfunction In Vitro and In Vivo. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae044. [PMID: 38578954 PMCID: PMC11033845 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
In the classical insulin target tissues of liver, muscle, and adipose tissue, chronically elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFA) impair insulin signaling. Insulin signaling molecules are also present in β-cells where they play a role in β-cell function. Therefore, inhibition of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 pathway may be involved in fat-induced β-cell dysfunction. To address the role of β-cell insulin resistance in FFA-induced β-cell dysfunction we co-infused bisperoxovanadate (BPV) with oleate or olive oil for 48 hours in rats. BPV, a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, acts as an insulin mimetic and is devoid of any antioxidant effect that could prevent β-cell dysfunction, unlike most insulin sensitizers. Following fat infusion, rats either underwent hyperglycemic clamps for assessment of β-cell function in vivo or islets were isolated for ex vivo assessment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). We also incubated islets with oleate or palmitate and BPV for in vitro assessment of GSIS and Akt (protein kinase B) phosphorylation. Next, mice with β-cell specific deletion of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog; negative regulator of insulin signaling) and littermate controls were infused with oleate for 48 hours, followed by hyperglycemic clamps or ex vivo evaluation of GSIS. In rat experiments, BPV protected against fat-induced impairment of β-cell function in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro. In mice, β-cell specific deletion of PTEN protected against oleate-induced β-cell dysfunction in vivo and ex vivo. These data support the hypothesis that β-cell insulin resistance plays a causal role in FFA-induced β-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Ivovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Justin Hou Ming Yung
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Andrei I Oprescu
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Filip Vlavcheski
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Yusaku Mori
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Anti-Glycation Research Section, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - S M Niazur Rahman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Wenyue Ye
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Judith A Eversley
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
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15
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Grandl G, Collden G, Feng J, Bhattacharya S, Klingelhuber F, Schomann L, Bilekova S, Ansarullah, Xu W, Far FF, Tost M, Gruber T, Bastidas-Ponce A, Zhang Q, Novikoff A, Liskiewicz A, Liskiewicz D, Garcia-Caceres C, Feuchtinger A, Tschöp MH, Krahmer N, Lickert H, Müller TD. Global, neuronal or β cell-specific deletion of inceptor improves glucose homeostasis in male mice with diet-induced obesity. Nat Metab 2024; 6:448-457. [PMID: 38418586 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-00991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is an early complication of diet-induced obesity (DIO)1, potentially leading to hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia, accompanied by adaptive β cell hypertrophy and development of type 2 diabetes2. Insulin not only signals via the insulin receptor (INSR), but also promotes β cell survival, growth and function via the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R)3-6. We recently identified the insulin inhibitory receptor (inceptor) as the key mediator of IGF1R and INSR desensitization7. But, although β cell-specific loss of inceptor improves β cell function in lean mice7, it warrants clarification whether inceptor signal inhibition also improves glycaemia under conditions of obesity. We assessed the glucometabolic effects of targeted inceptor deletion in either the brain or the pancreatic β cells under conditions of DIO in male mice. In the present study, we show that global and neuronal deletion of inceptor, as well as its adult-onset deletion in the β cells, improves glucose homeostasis by enhancing β cell health and function. Moreover, we demonstrate that inceptor-mediated improvement in glucose control does not depend on inceptor function in agouti-related protein-expressing or pro-opiomelanocortin neurons. Our data demonstrate that inceptor inhibition improves glucose homeostasis in mice with DIO, hence corroborating that inceptor is a crucial regulator of INSR and IGF1R signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Grandl
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gustav Collden
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jin Feng
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sreya Bhattacharya
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Klingelhuber
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Leopold Schomann
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sara Bilekova
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ansarullah
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Weiwei Xu
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fataneh Fathi Far
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Monica Tost
- Core Facility Pathology & Tissue Analytics, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Gruber
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aaron Novikoff
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Arkadiusz Liskiewicz
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Liskiewicz
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cristina Garcia-Caceres
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Core Facility Pathology & Tissue Analytics, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Krahmer
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
- School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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16
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chang X, Liu X. MDIC3: Matrix decomposition to infer cell-cell communication. PATTERNS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 5:100911. [PMID: 38370122 PMCID: PMC10873161 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2023.100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Crosstalk among cells is vital for maintaining the biological function and intactness of systems. Most existing methods for investigating cell-cell communications are based on ligand-receptor (L-R) expression, and they focus on the study between two cells. Thus, the final communication inference results are particularly sensitive to the completeness and accuracy of the prior biological knowledge. Because existing L-R research focuses mainly on humans, most existing methods can only examine cell-cell communication for humans. As far as we know, there is currently no effective method to overcome this species limitation. Here, we propose MDIC3 (matrix decomposition to infer cell-cell communication), an unsupervised tool to investigate cell-cell communication in any species, and the results are not limited by specific L-R pairs or signaling pathways. By comparing it with existing methods for the inference of cell-cell communication, MDIC3 obtained better performance in both humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University, Weihai 364209, China
| | - Yuelei Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University, Weihai 364209, China
| | - Xiao Chang
- Institute of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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17
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Siwan D, Nandave M, Gilhotra R, Almalki WH, Gupta G, Gautam RK. Unlocking β-cell restoration: The crucial role of PDX1 in diabetes therapy. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155131. [PMID: 38309018 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes has been a significant healthcare problem worldwide for a considerable period. The primary objective of diabetic treatment plans is to control the symptoms associated with the pathology. To effectively combat diabetes, it is crucial to comprehend the disease's etiology, essential factors, and the relevant processes involving β-cells. The development of the pancreas, maturation, and maintenance of β-cells, and their role in regular insulin function are all regulated by PDX1. Therefore, understanding the regulation of PDX1 and its interactions with signaling pathways involved in β-cell differentiation and proliferation are crucial elements of alternative diabetes treatment strategies. The present review aims to explore the protective role of PDX1 in β-cell proliferation through signaling pathways. The main keywords chosen for this review include "PDX1 for β-cell mass," "β-cell proliferation," "β-cell restoration via PDX1," and "mechanism of PDX1 in β-cells." A comprehensive literature search was conducted using various internet search engines, such as PubMed, Science Direct, and other publication databases. We summarize several approaches to generating β-cells from alternative cell sources, employing PDX1 under various modified growth conditions and different transcriptional factors. Our analysis highlights the unique potential of PDX1 as a promising target in molecular and cell-based therapies for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Siwan
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Mukesh Nandave
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India.
| | - Ritu Gilhotra
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rupesh K Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, Indore Institute of Pharmacy, IIST Campus, Opposite IIM Indore, Rau-Pithampur Road, Indore 453331, Madhya Pradesh, India
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18
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Cota P, Caliskan ÖS, Bastidas-Ponce A, Jing C, Jaki J, Saber L, Czarnecki O, Taskin D, Blöchinger AK, Kurth T, Sterr M, Burtscher I, Krahmer N, Lickert H, Bakhti M. Insulin regulates human pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation in vitro. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101853. [PMID: 38103636 PMCID: PMC10765254 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The consequences of mutations in genes associated with monogenic forms of diabetes on human pancreas development cannot be studied in a time-resolved fashion in vivo. More specifically, if recessive mutations in the insulin gene influence human pancreatic endocrine lineage formation is still an unresolved question. METHODS To model the extremely reduced insulin levels in patients with recessive insulin gene mutations, we generated a novel knock-in H2B-Cherry reporter human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line expressing no insulin upon differentiation to stem cell-derived (SC-) β cells in vitro. Differentiation of iPSCs into the pancreatic and endocrine lineage, combined with immunostaining, Western blotting and proteomics analysis phenotypically characterized the insulin gene deficiency in SC-islets. Furthermore, we leveraged FACS analysis and confocal microscopy to explore the impact of insulin shortage on human endocrine cell induction, composition, differentiation and proliferation. RESULTS Interestingly, insulin-deficient SC-islets exhibited low insulin receptor (IR) signaling when stimulated with glucose but displayed increased IR sensitivity upon treatment with exogenous insulin. Furthermore, insulin shortage did not alter neurogenin-3 (NGN3)-mediated endocrine lineage induction. Nevertheless, lack of insulin skewed the SC-islet cell composition with an increased number in SC-β cell formation at the expense of SC-α cells. Finally, insulin deficiency reduced the rate of SC-β cell proliferation but had no impact on the expansion of SC-α cells. CONCLUSIONS Using iPSC disease modelling, we provide first evidence of insulin function in human pancreatic endocrine lineage formation. These findings help to better understand the phenotypic impact of recessive insulin gene mutations during pancreas development and shed light on insulin gene function beside its physiological role in blood glucose regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Cota
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Özüm Sehnaz Caliskan
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Changying Jing
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Munich medical research school (MMRS), Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Jaki
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lama Saber
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Czarnecki
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Damla Taskin
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Karolina Blöchinger
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kurth
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technology Platform Core Facility Electron Microscopy and Histology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Sterr
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Krahmer
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
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19
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Boutari C, Kokkorakis M, Stefanakis K, Valenzuela-Vallejo L, Axarloglou E, Volčanšek Š, Chakhtoura M, Mantzoros CS. Recent research advances in metabolism, clinical and experimental. Metabolism 2023; 149:155722. [PMID: 37931873 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Boutari
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Michail Kokkorakis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Konstantinos Stefanakis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Laura Valenzuela-Vallejo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Evangelos Axarloglou
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Špela Volčanšek
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Zaloska 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Medical Faculty Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marlene Chakhtoura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, United States of America.
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20
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Zeze T, Shinjo T, Sato K, Nishimura Y, Imagawa M, Chen S, Ahmed AK, Iwashita M, Yamashita A, Fukuda T, Sanui T, Park K, King GL, Nishimura F. Endothelial Insulin Resistance Exacerbates Experimental Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1152-1161. [PMID: 37448347 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231181539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that the severity of periodontitis is higher in people with diabetes than in healthy individuals. Insulin resistance might play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of multiple diabetic complications and is reportedly induced in the gingiva of rodents with type 2 diabetes; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of diabetes-related periodontitis remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether endothelial insulin resistance in the gingiva may contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontitis as well as elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. We demonstrated that insulin treatment downregulated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced or tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced VCAM1 expression in endothelial cells (ECs) via the PI3K/Akt activating pathway, resulting in reduced cellular adhesion between ECs and leukocytes. Hyperglycemia-induced selective insulin resistance in ECs diminished the effect of insulin on LPS- or TNFα-stimulated VCAM1 expression. Vascular endothelial cell-specific insulin receptor knockout (VEIRKO) mice exhibited selective inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway in the gingiva and advanced experimental periodontitis-induced alveolar bone loss via upregulation of Vcam1, Tnfα, Mcp-1, Rankl, and neutrophil migration into the gingiva compared with that in the wild-type (WT) mice despite being free from diabetes. We also observed that insulin-mediated activation of FoxO1, a downstream target of Akt, was suppressed in the gingiva of VEIRKO and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, hyperglycemia-treated ECs, and primary ECs from VEIRKO. Further analysis using ECs transfected with intact and mutated FoxO1, with mutations at 3 insulin-mediated phosphorylation sites (T24A, S256D, S316A), suggested that insulin-mediated regulation of VCAM1 expression and cellular adhesion of ECs with leukocytes was attenuated by mutated FoxO1 overexpression. These results suggest that insulin resistance in ECs may contribute to the progression of periodontitis via dysregulated VCAM1 expression and cellular adhesion with leukocytes, resulting from reduced activation of the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zeze
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Shinjo
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - K Sato
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Y Nishimura
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Imagawa
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - S Chen
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - A-K Ahmed
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Iwashita
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - A Yamashita
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Fukuda
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Sanui
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - K Park
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G L King
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Nishimura
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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21
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Lofrumento DD, Miraglia A, La Pesa V, Treglia AS, Chieppa M, De Nuccio F, Nicolardi G, Miele C, Beguinot F, Garbi C, Di Jeso B. Increased hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux alters cell-cell adhesion in INS-1E cells and murine islets. Endocrine 2023; 81:492-502. [PMID: 37306934 PMCID: PMC10403402 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In type 2 Diabetes, β-cell failure is caused by loss of cell mass, mostly by apoptosis, but also by simple dysfunction (dedifferentiation, decline of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion). Apoptosis and dysfunction are caused, at least in part, by glucotoxicity, in which increased flux of glucose in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway plays a role. In this study, we sought to clarify whether increased hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux affects another important aspect of β-cell physiology, that is β-cell-β-cell homotypic interactions. METHODS We used INS-1E cells and murine islets. The expression and cellular distribution of E-cadherin and β-catenin was evaluated by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and western blot. Cell-cell adhesion was examined by the hanging-drop aggregation assay, islet architecture by isolation and microscopic observation. RESULTS E-cadherin expression was not changed by increased hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux, however, there was a decrease of cell surface, and an increase in intracellular E-cadherin. Moreover, intracellular E-cadherin delocalized, at least in part, from the Golgi complex to the endoplasmic reticulum. Beta-catenin was found to parallel the E-cadherin redistribution, showing a dislocation from the plasmamembrane to the cytosol. These changes had as a phenotypic consequence a decreased ability of INS-1E to aggregate. Finally, in ex vivo experiments, glucosamine was able to alter islet structure and to decrease surface abundandance of E-cadherin and β-catenin. CONCLUSION Increased hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux alters E-cadherin cellular localization both in INS-1E cells and murine islets and affects cell-cell adhesion and islet morphology. These changes are likely caused by alterations of E-cadherin function, highlighting a new potential target to counteract the consequences of glucotoxicity on β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Miraglia
- DiSTeBA, Centro Ecotekne, Strada Monteroni, University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Velia La Pesa
- Institute of Experimental Neurology and Division of Neuroscience, Neuropathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marcello Chieppa
- DiSTeBA, Centro Ecotekne, Strada Monteroni, University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco De Nuccio
- DiSTeBA, Centro Ecotekne, Strada Monteroni, University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nicolardi
- DiSTeBA, Centro Ecotekne, Strada Monteroni, University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- CNR, IEOS and DiSMeT, Via S. Pansini 5, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- CNR, IEOS and DiSMeT, Via S. Pansini 5, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Corrado Garbi
- Dip. Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Via S. Pansini 5, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Di Jeso
- DiSTeBA, Centro Ecotekne, Strada Monteroni, University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
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22
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Gorji AE, Ostaszewski P, Urbańska K, Sadkowski T. Does β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Have Any Potential to Support the Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in Humans and Animals? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2329. [PMID: 37626825 PMCID: PMC10452677 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the protein reservoir of our body and an important regulator of glucose and lipid homeostasis. The dystrophin gene is the largest gene and has a key role in skeletal muscle construction and function. Mutations in the dystrophin gene cause Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy in humans, mice, dogs, and cats. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked neuromuscular condition causing progressive muscle weakness and premature death. β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) prevents deleterious muscle responses under pathological conditions, including tumor and chronic steroid therapy-related muscle losses. The use of HMB as a dietary supplement allows for increasing lean weight gain; has a positive immunostimulatory effect; is associated with decreased mortality; and attenuates sarcopenia in elderly animals and individuals. This study aimed to identify some genes, metabolic pathways, and biological processes which are common for DMD and HMB based on existing literature and then discuss the consequences of that interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolvahab Ebrahimpour Gorji
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.G.); (P.O.)
| | - Piotr Ostaszewski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.G.); (P.O.)
| | - Kaja Urbańska
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sadkowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.G.); (P.O.)
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23
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Yuan Y, Shi Z, Xiong S, Hu R, Song Q, Song Z, Ong SG, Jiang Y. Differential roles of insulin receptor in adipocyte progenitor cells in mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 573:111968. [PMID: 37244600 PMCID: PMC10846871 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of white adipose tissue (WAT) occurs during distinct embryonic and postnatal stages, and it is subsequently maintained throughout life. However, the specific mediators and mechanisms responsible for WAT development during different phases remain unclear. In this study, we investigate the role of the insulin receptor (IR) in regulating adipogenesis and adipocyte function within adipocyte progenitor cells (APCs) during WAT development and homeostasis. We use two in vivo adipose lineage tracking and deletion systems to delete IR either in embryonic APCs or adult APCs, respectively, to explore the specific requirements of IR during WAT development and WAT homeostasis in mice. Our data suggest that IR expression in APCs may not be essential for adult adipocyte differentiation but appears to be crucial for adipose tissue development. We reveal a surprising divergent role of IR in APCs during WAT development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexian Yuan
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Zuoxiao Shi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shaolei Xiong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ruoci Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Illinois, 60612, USA
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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24
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St-Louis JL, El Jellas K, Velasco K, Slipp BA, Hu J, Helgeland G, Steine SJ, De Jesus DF, Kulkarni RN, Molven A. Deficiency of the metabolic enzyme SCHAD in pancreatic β-cells promotes amino acid-sensitive hypoglycemia. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104986. [PMID: 37392854 PMCID: PMC10407745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital hyperinsulinism of infancy (CHI) can be caused by a deficiency of the ubiquitously expressed enzyme short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCHAD). To test the hypothesis that SCHAD-CHI arises from a specific defect in pancreatic β-cells, we created genetically engineered β-cell-specific (β-SKO) or hepatocyte-specific (L-SKO) SCHAD knockout mice. While L-SKO mice were normoglycemic, plasma glucose in β-SKO animals was significantly reduced in the random-fed state, after overnight fasting, and following refeeding. The hypoglycemic phenotype was exacerbated when the mice were fed a diet enriched in leucine, glutamine, and alanine. Intraperitoneal injection of these three amino acids led to a rapid elevation in insulin levels in β-SKO mice compared to controls. Consistently, treating isolated β-SKO islets with the amino acid mixture potently enhanced insulin secretion compared to controls in a low-glucose environment. RNA sequencing of β-SKO islets revealed reduced transcription of β-cell identity genes and upregulation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, protein metabolism, and Ca2+ handling. The β-SKO mouse offers a useful model to interrogate the intra-islet heterogeneity of amino acid sensing given the very variable expression levels of SCHAD within different hormonal cells, with high levels in β- and δ-cells and virtually absent α-cell expression. We conclude that the lack of SCHAD protein in β-cells results in a hypoglycemic phenotype characterized by increased sensitivity to amino acid-stimulated insulin secretion and loss of β-cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L St-Louis
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Clinical Medicine, Gade Laboratory for Pathology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Khadija El Jellas
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Clinical Medicine, Gade Laboratory for Pathology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kelly Velasco
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gade Laboratory for Pathology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Brittany A Slipp
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Geir Helgeland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gade Laboratory for Pathology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Solrun J Steine
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gade Laboratory for Pathology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dario F De Jesus
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Anders Molven
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gade Laboratory for Pathology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Section for Cancer Genomics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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25
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Munoz MD, Zamudio A, McCann M, Gil V, Xu P, Liew CW. Activation of brown adipose tissue by a low-protein diet ameliorates hyperglycemia in a diabetic lipodystrophy mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11808. [PMID: 37479751 PMCID: PMC10362023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term ad libitum dietary restrictions, such as low-protein diets (LPDs), improve metabolic health and extend the life span of mice and humans. However, most studies conducted thus far have focused on the preventive effects of LPDs on metabolic syndromes. To test the therapeutic potential of LPD, we treated a lipodystrophy mouse model IRFKO (adipose-specific insulin receptor knockout) in this study. We have previously shown that IRFKO mice have profound insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and whitening of interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT), closely mimicking the phenotypes in lipoatrophic diabetic patients. Here, we demonstrate that 14-day of LPD (5.1% kcal from protein) feeding is sufficient to reduce postprandial blood glucose, improve insulin resistance, and normalize glucose tolerance in the IRFKO mice. This profound metabolic improvement is associated with BAT activation and increase in whole body energy expenditure. To confirm, we showed that surgical denervation of BAT attenuated the beneficial metabolic effects of LPD feeding in IRFKO mice, including the 'browning' effects on BAT and the glucose-ameliorating results. However, BAT denervation failed to affect the body weight-lowering effects of LPD. Together, our results imply a therapeutic potential to use LPD for the treatment of lipoatrophic diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos David Munoz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Ave, RM 2099, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Alexa Zamudio
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Ave, RM 2099, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Maximilian McCann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Ave, RM 2099, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Victoria Gil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Ave, RM 2099, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Ave, RM 2099, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Chong Wee Liew
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Ave, RM 2099, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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26
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Uehara K, Santoleri D, Whitlock AEG, Titchenell PM. Insulin Regulation of Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4785-4809. [PMID: 37358513 PMCID: PMC10760932 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity, insulin resistance, and type II diabetes (T2DM) continues to rise worldwide. The liver is a central insulin-responsive metabolic organ that governs whole-body metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, defining the mechanisms underlying insulin action in the liver is essential to our understanding of the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. During periods of fasting, the liver catabolizes fatty acids and stored glycogen to meet the metabolic demands of the body. In postprandial conditions, insulin signals to the liver to store excess nutrients into triglycerides, cholesterol, and glycogen. In insulin-resistant states, such as T2DM, hepatic insulin signaling continues to promote lipid synthesis but fails to suppress glucose production, leading to hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia. Insulin resistance is associated with the development of metabolic disorders such as cardiovascular and kidney disease, atherosclerosis, stroke, and cancer. Of note, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a spectrum of diseases encompassing fatty liver, inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, is linked to abnormalities in insulin-mediated lipid metabolism. Therefore, understanding the role of insulin signaling under normal and pathologic states may provide insights into preventative and therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Here, we provide a review of the field of hepatic insulin signaling and lipid regulation, including providing historical context, detailed molecular mechanisms, and address gaps in our understanding of hepatic lipid regulation and the derangements under insulin-resistant conditions. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4785-4809, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahealani Uehara
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dominic Santoleri
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna E. Garcia Whitlock
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul M. Titchenell
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Cao R, Tian H, Zhang Y, Liu G, Xu H, Rao G, Tian Y, Fu X. Signaling pathways and intervention for therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e283. [PMID: 37303813 PMCID: PMC10248034 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents one of the fastest growing epidemic metabolic disorders worldwide and is a strong contributor for a broad range of comorbidities, including vascular, visual, neurological, kidney, and liver diseases. Moreover, recent data suggest a mutual interplay between T2DM and Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β cell dysfunction. Pioneering discoveries throughout the past few decades have established notable links between signaling pathways and T2DM pathogenesis and therapy. Importantly, a number of signaling pathways substantially control the advancement of core pathological changes in T2DM, including IR and β cell dysfunction, as well as additional pathogenic disturbances. Accordingly, an improved understanding of these signaling pathways sheds light on tractable targets and strategies for developing and repurposing critical therapies to treat T2DM and its complications. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the history of T2DM and signaling pathways, and offer a systematic update on the role and mechanism of key signaling pathways underlying the onset, development, and progression of T2DM. In this content, we also summarize current therapeutic drugs/agents associated with signaling pathways for the treatment of T2DM and its complications, and discuss some implications and directions to the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Huimin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Geng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Guocheng Rao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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Munoz M, Zamudio A, McCann M, Gil V, Xu P, Liew CW. Activation of brown adipose tissue by a low-protein diet ameliorates hyperglycemia in a diabetic lipodystrophy mouse model. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2701883. [PMID: 37034803 PMCID: PMC10081364 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2701883/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Long-term ad libitum dietary restrictions, such as low-protein diets (LPDs), improve metabolic health and extend the life span of mice and humans. However, most studies conducted thus far have focused on the preventive effects of LPDs on metabolic syndromes. To test the therapeutic potential of LPD, we treated a lipodystrophy mouse model IR FKO (adipose-specific insulin receptor knockout) in this study. We have previously shown that IR FKO mice have profound insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and whitenng of interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT), closely mimicking the phenotypes in lipoatrophic diabetic patients. Here, we demonstrate that 14-day of LPD (5.1% kcal from protein) feeding is sufficient to reduce postprandial blood glucose, improve insulin resistance, and normalize glucose tolerance in the IR FKO mice. This profound metabolic improvement is associated with BAT activation and increase in whole body energy expenditure. To confirm, we showed that surgical denervation of BAT attenuated the beneficial metabolic effects of LPD feeding in IR FKO mice, including the 'browning' effects on BAT and the glucose-ameliorating results. However, BAT denervation failed to affect the body weight-lowering effects of LPD. Together, our results imply a therapeutic potential to use LPD for the treatment of lipoatrophic diabetes.
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Basu L, Bhagat V, Ching MEA, Di Giandomenico A, Dostie S, Greenberg D, Greenberg M, Hahm J, Hilton NZ, Lamb K, Jentz EM, Larsen M, Locatelli CAA, Maloney M, MacGibbon C, Mersali F, Mulchandani CM, Najam A, Singh I, Weisz T, Wong J, Senior PA, Estall JL, Mulvihill EE, Screaton RA. Recent Developments in Islet Biology: A Review With Patient Perspectives. Can J Diabetes 2023; 47:207-221. [PMID: 36481263 PMCID: PMC9640377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Navigating the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19, now COVID) pandemic has required resilience and creativity worldwide. Despite early challenges to productivity, more than 2,000 peer-reviewed articles on islet biology were published in 2021. Herein, we highlight noteworthy advances in islet research between January 2021 and April 2022, focussing on 5 areas. First, we discuss new insights into the role of glucokinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase-kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and mitochondrial function on insulin secretion from the pancreatic β cell, provided by new genetically modified mouse models and live imaging. We then discuss a new connection between lipid handling and improved insulin secretion in the context of glucotoxicity, focussing on fatty acid-binding protein 4 and fetuin-A. Advances in high-throughput "omic" analysis evolved to where one can generate more finely tuned genetic and molecular profiles within broad classifications of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Next, we highlight breakthroughs in diabetes treatment using stem cell-derived β cells and innovative strategies to improve islet survival posttransplantation. Last, we update our understanding of the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection on pancreatic islet function and discuss current evidence regarding proposed links between COVID and new-onset diabetes. We address these breakthroughs in 2 settings: one for a scientific audience and the other for the public, particularly those living with or affected by diabetes. Bridging biomedical research in diabetes to the community living with or affected by diabetes, our partners living with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes also provide their perspectives on these latest advances in islet biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahari Basu
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vriti Bhagat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ma Enrica Angela Ching
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sylvie Dostie
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana Greenberg
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marley Greenberg
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jiwon Hahm
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - N Zoe Hilton
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krista Lamb
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emelien M Jentz
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matt Larsen
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cassandra A A Locatelli
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Energy Substrate Laboratory, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - MaryAnn Maloney
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Farida Mersali
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Adhiyat Najam
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ishnoor Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tom Weisz
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordan Wong
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter A Senior
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Estall
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Center for Cardiometabolic Health, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Erin E Mulvihill
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Energy Substrate Laboratory, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert A Screaton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Aoyagi K, Yamashita SI, Akimoto Y, Nishiwaki C, Nakamichi Y, Udagawa H, Abe M, Sakimura K, Kanki T, Ohara-Imaizumi M. A new beta cell-specific mitophagy reporter mouse shows that metabolic stress leads to accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria despite increased mitophagy. Diabetologia 2023; 66:147-162. [PMID: 36181536 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05800-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Mitophagy, the selective autophagy of mitochondria, is essential for maintenance of mitochondrial function. Recent studies suggested that defective mitophagy in beta cells caused diabetes. However, because of technical difficulties, the development of a convenient and reliable method to evaluate mitophagy in beta cells in vivo is needed. The aim of this study was to establish beta cell-specific mitophagy reporter mice and elucidate the role of mitophagy in beta cell function under metabolically stressed conditions induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS Mitophagy was assessed using newly generated conditional mitochondrial matrix targeting mitophagy reporter (CMMR) mice, in which mitophagy can be visualised specifically in beta cells in vivo using a fluorescent probe sensitive to lysosomal pH and degradation. Metabolic stress was induced in mice by exposure to the HFD for 20 weeks. The accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria was examined by staining for functional/total mitochondria and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using specific fluorescent dyes and antibodies. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying mitophagy in beta cells, overexpression and knockdown experiments were performed. HFD-fed mice were examined to determine whether chronic insulin treatment for 6 weeks could ameliorate mitophagy, mitochondrial function and impaired insulin secretion. RESULTS Exposure to the HFD increased the number of enlarged (HFD-G) islets with markedly elevated mitophagy. Mechanistically, HFD feeding induced severe hypoxia in HFD-G islets, which upregulated mitophagy through the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-ɑ (Hif-1ɑ)/BCL2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) axis in beta cells. However, HFD-G islets unexpectedly showed the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria due to excessive ROS production, suggesting an insufficient capacity of mitophagy for the degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria. Chronic administration of insulin ameliorated hypoxia and reduced ROS production and dysfunctional mitochondria, leading to decreased mitophagy and restored insulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We demonstrated that CMMR mice enabled the evaluation of mitophagy in beta cells. Our results suggested that metabolic stress induced by the HFD caused the aberrant accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, which overwhelmed the mitophagic capacity and was associated with defective maintenance of mitochondrial function and impaired insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyota Aoyagi
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Yamashita
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Akimoto
- Department of Microscopic Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiyono Nishiwaki
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Nakamichi
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhide Udagawa
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomotake Kanki
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mica Ohara-Imaizumi
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) gene polymorphism - 866 G/A in the promoter region is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus among Kashmiri population of Northern India. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:475-483. [PMID: 36346492 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to evaluate the association of UCP2 gene polymorphism - 866 G/A and its expression with diabetes predisposition in the North Indian population. METHODS The study involved 850 subjects, including 425 each T2DM and control subjects. The serum metabolic and clinical parameters were estimated using standard protocols. The PCR-RFLP based genotyping was performed to determine UCP2 gene polymorphism, while the expression was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS The genotypic and allelic frequencies showed a significant difference in cases compared to controls (p < 0.05). The diabetes patients had a 4.2-fold decrease in UCP2 gene expression. The expression was 29.8 and 8.4 fold lower in diabetes patients with homozygous (AA) and heterozygous (GA) mutation at - 866 locus of UCP2 nucleotide sequence, respectively. When categorized according to age and BMI, the T2DM subjects with age ≥ 50 and BMI ≥ 25 had a 5.53 and 8.2-fold decrease in UCP2 expression, respectively. The diabetes subjects with homozygous and heterozygous mutation demonstrated a pathological increase in serum metabolic and clinical parameters, which corroborated with UCP2 gene expression, indicating a strong association between the two. Intriguingly, we did not find any association between - 866 G/A polymorphism of UCP2 with serum insulin levels. CONCLUSION Our investigation is the first among the studies conducted in Jammu and Kashmir to work on adipose tissue and UCP2 gene polymorphism. The association of - 866 G/A SNP of the UCP2 gene with its expression in diabetes patients appears to be an important genetic determinant in the progression of T2DM. Moreover, age ≥ 50 years and BMI ≥ 25 could be considered risk factors for developing T2DM in the studied population.
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Wang Q, An Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Wang G, Liu J. Regulation of Adropin by Sitagliptin monotherapy in participants with newly diagnosed type 2 Diabetes. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:306. [PMID: 36476135 PMCID: PMC9727947 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adropin is a potent metabolic regulator of insulin sensitivity and glycolipid metabolism. The present study investigated the effects of sitagliptin on adropin and metabolic parameters in participants with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Thirty-five participants newly-diagnosed with T2D were prescribed sitagliptin 100 mg once daily for 17 weeks. Twenty-eight age-, sex-, and BMI-matched healthy subjects were included as the control group. Adropin and clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and after treatment. RESULTS At baseline, serum adropin levels were lower in T2D participants than in the healthy individuals (3.12 ± 0.73 vs. 5.90 ± 1.22 ng/ml, P < 0.01). Serum adropin levels were significantly higher in T2D patients after sitagliptin treatment (4.97 ± 1.01 vs. 3.12 ± 0.73 ng/ml, P < 0.01). The changes in serum adropin levels after sitagliptin treatment were associated with the improvements of fasting blood glucose (FBG) (β = - 0.71, P < 0.01), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (β = - 0.44, P < 0.01) and homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) (β = 9.02, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Sitagliptin treatment could significantly increase serum adropin levels in participants with newly diagnosed T2D. The increase in serum adropin levels could be associated with the amelioration of glucose metabolism, which might be involved in beneficial glucose-lowering mechanisms of sitagliptin. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov , NCT04495881 . Retrospectively registered on 03/08/2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yu An
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yuanying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Sung BJ, Lim SB, Yang WM, Kim JH, Kulkarni RN, Kim YB, Lee MK. ROCK1 regulates insulin secretion from β-cells. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101625. [PMID: 36374631 PMCID: PMC9649378 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The endocrine pancreatic β-cells play a pivotal role in maintaining whole-body glucose homeostasis and its dysregulation is a consistent feature in all forms of diabetes. However, knowledge of intracellular regulators that modulate β-cell function remains incomplete. We investigated the physiological role of ROCK1 in the regulation of insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. METHODS Mice lacking ROCK1 in pancreatic β-cells (RIP-Cre; ROCK1loxP/loxP, β-ROCK1-/-) were studied. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests as well as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) were measured. An insulin secretion response to a direct glucose or pyruvate or pyruvate kinase (PK) activator stimulation in isolated islets from β-ROCK1-/- mice or β-cell lines with knockdown of ROCK1 was also evaluated. A proximity ligation assay was performed to determine the physical interactions between PK and ROCK1. RESULTS Mice with a deficiency of ROCK1 in pancreatic β-cells exhibited significantly increased blood glucose levels and reduced serum insulin without changes in body weight. Interestingly, β-ROCK1-/- mice displayed a progressive impairment of glucose tolerance while maintaining insulin sensitivity mostly due to impaired GSIS. Consistently, GSIS markedly decreased in ROCK1-deficient islets and ROCK1 knockdown INS-1 cells. Concurrently, ROCK1 blockade led to a significant decrease in intracellular calcium and ATP levels and oxygen consumption rates in isolated islets and INS-1 cells. Treatment of ROCK1-deficient islets or ROCK1 knockdown β-cells either with pyruvate or a PK activator rescued the impaired GSIS. Mechanistically, we observed that glucose stimulation in β-cells greatly enhanced ROCK1 binding to PK. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that β-cell ROCK1 is essential for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and for glucose homeostasis and that ROCK1 acts as an upstream regulator of glycolytic pyruvate kinase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Jun Sung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sung-Bin Lim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Won-Mo Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Moon-Kyu Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Ioannidis M, Mahata SK, van den Bogaart G. The immunomodulatory functions of chromogranin A-derived peptide pancreastatin. Peptides 2022; 158:170893. [PMID: 36244579 PMCID: PMC10760928 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chromogranin A (CgA) is a 439 amino acid protein secreted by neuroendocrine cells. Proteolytic processing of CgA results in the production of different bioactive peptides. These peptides have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and cancer. One of the chromogranin A-derived peptides is ∼52 amino acid long Pancreastatin (PST: human (h)CgA250-301, murine (m)CgA263-314). PST is a glycogenolytic peptide that inhibits glucose-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic islet β-cells. In addition to this metabolic role, evidence is emerging that PST also has inflammatory properties. This review will discuss the immunomodulatory properties of PST and its possible mechanisms of action and regulation. Moreover, this review will discuss the potential translation to humans and how PST may be an interesting therapeutic target for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Ioannidis
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Wang X, Li Y, Qiang G, Wang K, Dai J, McCann M, Munoz MD, Gil V, Yu Y, Li S, Yang Z, Xu S, Cordoba-Chacon J, De Jesus DF, Sun B, Chen K, Wang Y, Liu X, Miao Q, Zhou L, Hu R, Ding Q, Kulkarni RN, Gao D, Blüher M, Liew CW. Secreted EMC10 is upregulated in human obesity and its neutralizing antibody prevents diet-induced obesity in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7323. [PMID: 36443308 PMCID: PMC9705309 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted isoform of endoplasmic reticulum membrane complex subunit 10 (scEMC10) is a poorly characterized secreted protein of largely unknown physiological function. Here we demonstrate that scEMC10 is upregulated in people with obesity and is positively associated with insulin resistance. Consistent with a causal role for scEMC10 in obesity, Emc10-/- mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity due to an increase in energy expenditure, while scEMC10 overexpression decreases energy expenditure, thus promoting obesity in mouse. Furthermore, neutralization of circulating scEMC10 using a monoclonal antibody reduces body weight and enhances insulin sensitivity in obese mice. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that scEMC10 can be transported into cells where it binds to the catalytic subunit of PKA and inhibits its stimulatory action on CREB while ablation of EMC10 promotes thermogenesis in adipocytes via activation of the PKA signalling pathway and its downstream targets. Taken together, our data identify scEMC10 as a circulating inhibitor of thermogenesis and a potential therapeutic target for obesity and its cardiometabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanchun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanliang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Guifen Qiang
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kaihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarong Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maximilian McCann
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Marcos D Munoz
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victoria Gil
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yifei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxian Li
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Mass General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jose Cordoba-Chacon
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dario F De Jesus
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bei Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kuangyang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yahao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Miao
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linuo Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renming Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chong Wee Liew
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Goode RA, Hum JM, Kalwat MA. Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Pancreatic Islet β-Cell Proliferation, Regeneration, and Replacement. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6836713. [PMID: 36412119 PMCID: PMC9923807 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes results from insufficient insulin production by pancreatic islet β-cells or a loss of β-cells themselves. Restoration of regulated insulin production is a predominant goal of translational diabetes research. Here, we provide a brief overview of recent advances in the fields of β-cell proliferation, regeneration, and replacement. The discovery of therapeutic targets and associated small molecules has been enabled by improved understanding of β-cell development and cell cycle regulation, as well as advanced high-throughput screening methodologies. Important findings in β-cell transdifferentiation, neogenesis, and stem cell differentiation have nucleated multiple promising therapeutic strategies. In particular, clinical trials are underway using in vitro-generated β-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Significant challenges remain for each of these strategies, but continued support for efforts in these research areas will be critical for the generation of distinct diabetes therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A Goode
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Julia M Hum
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael A Kalwat
- Correspondence: Michael A. Kalwat, PhD, Lilly Diabetes Center of Excellence, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, 1210 Waterway Blvd, Suite 2000, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. or
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Kaushik A, Sangtani R, Parmar HS, Bala K. Algal metabolites: Paving the way towards new generation antidiabetic therapeutics. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Phosphatase protector alpha4 (α4) is involved in adipocyte maintenance and mitochondrial homeostasis through regulation of insulin signaling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6092. [PMID: 36241662 PMCID: PMC9568526 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin signaling is mediated via a network of protein phosphorylation. Dysregulation of this network is central to obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Here we investigate the role of phosphatase binding protein Alpha4 (α4) that is essential for the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in insulin action/resistance in adipocytes. Unexpectedly, adipocyte-specific inactivation of α4 impairs insulin-induced Akt-mediated serine/threonine phosphorylation despite a decrease in the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) levels. Interestingly, loss of α4 also reduces insulin-induced insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. This occurs through decreased association of α4 with Y-box protein 1, resulting in the enhancement of the tyrosine phosphatase protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) expression. Moreover, adipocyte-specific knockout of α4 in male mice results in impaired adipogenesis and altered mitochondrial oxidation leading to increased inflammation, systemic insulin resistance, hepatosteatosis, islet hyperplasia, and impaired thermogenesis. Thus, the α4 /Y-box protein 1(YBX1)-mediated pathway of insulin receptor signaling is involved in maintaining insulin sensitivity, normal adipose tissue homeostasis and systemic metabolism.
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Shirakawa J, Togashi Y, Basile G, Okuyama T, Inoue R, Fernandez M, Kyohara M, De Jesus DF, Goto N, Zhang W, Tsuno T, Kin T, Pan H, Dreyfuss JM, Shapiro AJ, Yi P, Terauchi Y, Kulkarni RN. E2F1 transcription factor mediates a link between fat and islets to promote β cell proliferation in response to acute insulin resistance. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111436. [PMID: 36198264 PMCID: PMC9617565 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevention or amelioration of declining β cell mass is a potential strategy to cure diabetes. Here, we report the pathways utilized by β cells to robustly replicate in response to acute insulin resistance induced by S961, a pharmacological insulin receptor antagonist. Interestingly, pathways that include CENP-A and the transcription factor E2F1 that are independent of insulin signaling and its substrates appeared to mediate S961-induced β cell multiplication. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of E2F1 blocks β-cell proliferation in S961-injected mice. Serum from S961-treated mice recapitulates replication of β cells in mouse and human islets in an E2F1-dependent manner. Co-culture of islets with adipocytes isolated from S961-treated mice enables β cells to duplicate, while E2F1 inhibition limits their growth even in the presence of adipocytes. These data suggest insulin resistance-induced proliferative signals from adipocytes activate E2F1, a potential therapeutic target, to promote β cell compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shirakawa
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 3718512, Japan,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan,Correspondence: (J.S.), (R.N.K.)
| | - Yu Togashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tomoko Okuyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan
| | - Ryota Inoue
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 3718512, Japan
| | - Megan Fernandez
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mayu Kyohara
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan
| | - Dario F. De Jesus
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nozomi Goto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan
| | - Wei Zhang
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Takahiro Tsuno
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 3718512, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kin
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hui Pan
- Bioinformatics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - A.M. James Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Peng Yi
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence: (J.S.), (R.N.K.)
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40
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Jain C, Bilekova S, Lickert H. Targeting pancreatic β cells for diabetes treatment. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1097-1108. [PMID: 36131204 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is a life-saving drug for patients with type 1 diabetes; however, even today, no pharmacotherapy can prevent the loss or dysfunction of pancreatic insulin-producing β cells to stop or reverse disease progression. Thus, pancreatic β cells have been a main focus for cell-replacement and regenerative therapies as a curative treatment for diabetes. In this Review, we highlight recent advances toward the development of diabetes therapies that target β cells to enhance proliferation, redifferentiation and protection from cell death and/or enable selective killing of senescent β cells. We describe currently available therapies and their mode of action, as well as insufficiencies of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and insulin therapies. We discuss and summarize data collected over the last decades that support the notion that pharmacological targeting of β cell insulin signalling might protect and/or regenerate β cells as an improved treatment of patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Jain
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sara Bilekova
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Chair of β-Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, München, Germany.
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Kelesidis T, Mantzoros CS. Cross-talk between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the insulin/IGF signaling pathway: Implications for metabolic diseases in COVID-19 and for post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Metabolism 2022; 134:155267. [PMID: 35901934 PMCID: PMC9313531 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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42
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Brasil BB, Masaji S, Martins BT, Jiang H, Song N, Athena A S, Lucas B, François M, Wei-Jun Q, Rohit KN, Ronald KC. Apolipoprotein C3 and circulating mediators of preadipocyte proliferation in states of lipodystrophy. Mol Metab 2022; 64:101572. [PMID: 35964946 PMCID: PMC9418991 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a complex process controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic factors that regulate preadipocyte proliferation, adipogenic capacity and maturation of metabolic function. Here we show that insulin and IGF-1 receptors are essential for mature adipocyte survival and that deletion of both IR and IGF1R specifically in fat using a tamoxifen inducible-AdipoQ-Cre (Ai-DKO) leads to rapid and severe loss of adipocytes in all depots, associated with a metabolic syndrome characterized by hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, fatty liver, and pancreatic beta cell proliferation. In this model, this pathological phenotype reverses over a few weeks, in large part, due to preadipocyte proliferation and adipose tissue regeneration. Incubation of preadipocytes with serum from the Ai-DKO mice in vitro stimulates cell proliferation, and this effect can be mimicked by conditioned media from liver slices of Ai-DKO mice, but not by media of cultured Ai-DKO adipocytes, indicating a hepatic origin of the growth factor. Proteomic analysis of serum reveals apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), a protein secreted by liver, as one of the most upregulated proteins in the Ai-DKO mice. In vitro, purified and delipidated APOC3 stimulates preadipocyte proliferation, however, knockdown of hepatic APOC3 in vivo in Ai-DKO mice is not sufficient to block adipose regeneration. Thus, lipodystrophy is associated with presence of increased preadipocyte-stimulating growth factors in serum. Our study indicates that APOC3 is one contributing factor to preadipocyte proliferation, however, other still-unidentified circulating growth factors are also likely present in Ai-DKO mice. Identification of these factors may provide a new approach to regulation of adipose mass in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandao Bruna Brasil
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sakaguchi Masaji
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Batista, Thiago Martins
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hu Jiang
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Dept. of Medicine, BIDMC, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nie Song
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Schepmoes Athena A
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | | | - Moreau François
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qian Wei-Jun
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Kulkarni N. Rohit
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Dept. of Medicine, BIDMC, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kahn, C. Ronald
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding author. Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Lv C, Sun Y, Zhang ZY, Aboelela Z, Qiu X, Meng ZX. β-cell dynamics in type 2 diabetes and in dietary and exercise interventions. J Mol Cell Biol 2022; 14:6656373. [PMID: 35929791 PMCID: PMC9710517 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are two of the major causes of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent clinical and experimental studies have suggested that the functional capacity of β-cells, particularly in the first phase of insulin secretion, is a primary contributor to the progression of T2D and its associated complications. Pancreatic β-cells undergo dynamic compensation and decompensation processes during the development of T2D, in which metabolic stresses such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and inflammatory signals are key regulators of β-cell dynamics. Dietary and exercise interventions have been shown to be effective approaches for the treatment of obesity and T2D, especially in the early stages. Whilst the targeted tissues and underlying mechanisms of dietary and exercise interventions remain somewhat vague, accumulating evidence has implicated the improvement of β-cell functional capacity. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the dynamic adaptations of β-cell function in T2D progression and clarify the effects and mechanisms of dietary and exercise interventions on β-cell dysfunction in T2D. This review provides molecular insights into the therapeutic effects of dietary and exercise interventions on T2D, and more importantly, it paves the way for future research on the related underlying mechanisms for developing precision prevention and treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengan Lv
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China,Zhejiang University–University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJE), Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Zhe Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zeyad Aboelela
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China,Bachelors of Surgery, Bachelors of Medicine (MBBS), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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44
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Shin J, Toyoda S, Nishitani S, Onodera T, Fukuda S, Kita S, Fukuhara A, Shimomura I. SARS-CoV-2 infection impairs the insulin/IGF signaling pathway in the lung, liver, adipose tissue, and pancreatic cells via IRF1. Metabolism 2022; 133:155236. [PMID: 35688210 PMCID: PMC9173833 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 can cause multiple organ damages as well as metabolic abnormalities such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and new onset of diabetes. The insulin/IGF signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating energy metabolism and cell survival, but little is known about the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this work was to investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 infection impairs the insulin/IGF signaling pathway in the host cell/tissue, and if so, the potential mechanism and association with COVID-19 pathology. METHODS To determine the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on insulin/IGF signaling pathway, we utilized transcriptome datasets of SARS-CoV-2 infected cells and tissues from public repositories for a wide range of high-throughput gene expression data: autopsy lungs from COVID-19 patients compared to the control from non-COVID-19 patients; lungs from a human ACE2 transgenic mouse infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared to the control infected with mock; human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived liver organoids infected with SARS-CoV-2; adipose tissues from a mouse model of COVID-19 overexpressing human ACE2 via adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) compared to the control GFP after SARS-CoV-2 infection; iPS-derived human pancreatic cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared to the mock control. Gain and loss of IRF1 function models were established in HEK293T and/or Calu3 cells to evaluate the impact on insulin signaling. To understand the mechanistic regulation and relevance with COVID-19 risk factors, such as older age, male sex, obesity, and diabetes, several transcriptomes of human respiratory, metabolic, and endocrine cells and tissue were analyzed. To estimate the association with COVID-19 severity, whole blood transcriptomes of critical patients with COVID-19 compared to those of hospitalized noncritical patients with COVID-19. RESULTS We found that SARS-CoV-2 infection impaired insulin/IGF signaling pathway genes, such as IRS, PI3K, AKT, mTOR, and MAPK, in the host lung, liver, adipose tissue, and pancreatic cells. The impairments were attributed to interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), and its gene expression was highly relevant to risk factors for severe COVID-19; increased with aging in the lung, specifically in men; augmented by obese and diabetic conditions in liver, adipose tissue, and pancreatic islets. IRF1 activation was significantly associated with the impaired insulin signaling in human cells. IRF1 intron variant rs17622656-A, which was previously reported to be associated with COVID-19 prevalence, increased the IRF1 gene expression in human tissue and was frequently found in American and European population. Critical patients with COVID-19 exhibited higher IRF1 and lower insulin/IGF signaling pathway genes in the whole blood compared to hospitalized noncritical patients. Hormonal interventions, such as dihydrotestosterone and dexamethasone, ameliorated the pathological traits in SARS-CoV-2 infectable cells and tissues. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides the first scientific evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infection impairs the insulin/IGF signaling pathway in respiratory, metabolic, and endocrine cells and tissues. This feature likely contributes to COVID-19 severity with cell/tissue damage and metabolic abnormalities, which may be exacerbated in older, male, obese, or diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Shin
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Diabetes Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Shinichiro Toyoda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nishitani
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Onodera
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiro Fukuda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunbun Kita
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Adipose Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsunori Fukuhara
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Adipose Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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45
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Biondi G, Marrano N, Dipaola L, Borrelli A, Rella M, D'Oria R, Genchi VA, Caccioppoli C, Porreca I, Cignarelli A, Perrini S, Marchetti P, Vincenti L, Laviola L, Giorgino F, Natalicchio A. The p66Shc Protein Mediates Insulin Resistance and Secretory Dysfunction in Pancreatic β-Cells Under Lipotoxic Conditions. Diabetes 2022; 71:1763-1771. [PMID: 35612429 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the role of the p66Shc redox adaptor protein in pancreatic β-cell insulin resistance that develops under lipotoxic conditions and with excess body fat. Prolonged exposure to palmitate in vitro or the presence of overweight/obesity augmented p66Shc expression levels and caused an impaired ability of exogenous insulin to increase cellular insulin content and secreted C-peptide levels in INS-1E cells and human and murine islets. In INS-1E cells, p66Shc knockdown resulted in enhanced insulin-induced augmentation of insulin content and C-peptide secretion and prevented the ability of palmitate to impair these effects of insulin. Conversely, p66Shc overexpression impaired insulin-induced augmentation of insulin content and C-peptide secretion in both the absence and presence of palmitate. Under lipotoxic condition, the effects of p66Shc are mediated by a p53-induced increase in p66Shc protein levels and JNK-induced p66Shc phosphorylation at Ser36 and appear to involve the phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein S6 kinase at Thr389 and of insulin receptor substrate 1 at Ser307, resulting in the inhibition of insulin-stimulated protein kinase B phosphorylation at Ser473. Thus, the p66Shc protein mediates the impaired β-cell function and insulin resistance induced by saturated fatty acids and excess body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Biondi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Marrano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Dipaola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Borrelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Martina Rella
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Rossella D'Oria
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina A Genchi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina Caccioppoli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Immacolata Porreca
- Genetic Research Centre "Gaetano Salvatore" BioGeM, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Angelo Cignarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastio Perrini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Vincenti
- Division of General Surgery, University Hospital Polyclinic, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Laviola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Natalicchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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46
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Sim EZ, Enomoto T, Shiraki N, Furuta N, Kashio S, Kambe T, Tsuyama T, Arakawa A, Ozawa H, Yokoyama M, Miura M, Kume S. Methionine metabolism regulates pluripotent stem cell pluripotency and differentiation through zinc mobilization. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111120. [PMID: 35858556 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) exhibit a unique feature that requires S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) for the maintenance of their pluripotency. Methionine deprivation in the medium causes a reduction in intracellular SAM, thus rendering PSCs in a state potentiated for differentiation. In this study, we find that methionine deprivation triggers a reduction in intracellular protein-bound Zn content and upregulation of Zn exporter SLC30A1 in PSCs. Culturing PSCs in Zn-deprived medium results in decreased intracellular protein-bound Zn content, reduced cell growth, and potentiated differentiation, which partially mimics methionine deprivation. PSCs cultured under Zn deprivation exhibit an altered methionine metabolism-related metabolite profile. We conclude that methionine deprivation potentiates differentiation partly by lowering cellular Zn content. We establish a protocol to generate functional pancreatic β cells by applying methionine and Zn deprivation. Our results reveal a link between Zn signaling and methionine metabolism in the regulation of cell fate in PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinn Zixuan Sim
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Enomoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shiraki
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Nao Furuta
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Soshiro Kashio
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taiho Kambe
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomonori Tsuyama
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Arakawa
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ozawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Mizuho Yokoyama
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shoen Kume
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.
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47
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Inoue R, Tsuno T, Togashi Y, Okuyama T, Sato A, Nishiyama K, Kyohara M, Li J, Fukushima S, Kin T, Miyashita D, Shiba Y, Atobe Y, Kiyonari H, Bando K, Shapiro AJ, Funakoshi K, Kulkarni RN, Terauchi Y, Shirakawa J. Uncoupling protein 2 and aldolase B impact insulin release by modulating mitochondrial function and Ca 2+ release from the ER. iScience 2022; 25:104603. [PMID: 35800776 PMCID: PMC9253497 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), a mitochondrial protein, is known to be upregulated in pancreatic islets of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM); however, the pathological significance of this increase in UCP2 expression is unclear. In this study, we highlight the molecular link between the increase in UCP2 expression in β-cells and β-cell failure by using genetically engineered mice and human islets. β-cell-specific UCP2-overexpressing transgenic mice (βUCP2Tg) exhibited glucose intolerance and a reduction in insulin secretion. Decreased mitochondrial function and increased aldolase B (AldB) expression through oxidative-stress-mediated pathway were observed in βUCP2Tg islets. AldB, a glycolytic enzyme, was associated with reduced insulin secretion via mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Taken together, our findings provide a new mechanism of β-cell dysfunction by UCP2 and AldB. Targeting the UCP2/AldB axis is a promising approach for the recovery of β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Inoue
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuno
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yu Togashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomoko Okuyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Aoi Sato
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mayu Kyohara
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Jinghe Li
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Setsuko Fukushima
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kin
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2C8, Canada
| | - Daisuke Miyashita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shiba
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Atobe
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kana Bando
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - A.M. James Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2C8, Canada
| | - Kengo Funakoshi
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Jun Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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48
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Biondi G, Marrano N, Borrelli A, Rella M, Palma G, Calderoni I, Siciliano E, Lops P, Giorgino F, Natalicchio A. Adipose Tissue Secretion Pattern Influences β-Cell Wellness in the Transition from Obesity to Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105522. [PMID: 35628332 PMCID: PMC9143684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of the β-cell functional mass, which is a reduction in the number of β-cells and their ability to secure adequate insulin secretion, represents a key mechanistic factor leading to the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Obesity is recognised as a leading cause of β-cell loss and dysfunction and a risk factor for T2D. The natural history of β-cell failure in obesity-induced T2D can be divided into three steps: (1) β-cell compensatory hyperplasia and insulin hypersecretion, (2) insulin secretory dysfunction, and (3) loss of β-cell mass. Adipose tissue (AT) secretes many hormones/cytokines (adipokines) and fatty acids that can directly influence β-cell function and viability. As this secretory pattern is altered in obese and diabetic patients, it is expected that the cross-talk between AT and pancreatic β-cells could drive the maintenance of the β-cell integrity under physiological conditions and contribute to the reduction in the β-cell functional mass in a dysmetabolic state. In the current review, we summarise the evidence of the ability of the AT secretome to influence each step of β-cell failure, and attempt to draw a timeline of the alterations in the adipokine secretion pattern in the transition from obesity to T2D that reflects the progressive deterioration of the β-cell functional mass.
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49
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Koppula A, Asif AR, Barra RR, Sridharan KS. Feasibility of home-based tracking of insulin resistance from vascular stiffness estimated from the photoplethysmographic finger pulse waveform. Physiol Meas 2022; 43. [PMID: 35512706 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac6d3f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the utility of post-prandial vascular stiffness as a surrogate measure for the estimation of insulin resistance (IR), which is a pre-diabetic condition. A cohort of 51 healthy young adults of varying Body mass index values (BMI) were studied by fasting plasma values of insulin and glucose; fasting and post-meal finger photoplethysmography (PPG), and electrocardiogram (ECG). Insulin resistance was estimated by Homeostatic model assessment-Insulin resistance 2 (HOMA-IR2) using fasting plasma insulin and glucose. Vascular stiffness was estimated by reciprocal of pulse arrival time (rPAT) from ECG and finger PPG at five time points from fasting to 2-hours post oral glucose ingestion. We examined if insulin resistance is correlated with meal induced vascular stiffness changes supporting the feasibility of using finger PPG for the estimation of insulin resistance. HOMA-IR2 was found to be positively correlated with early rise (0- to 30- minutes post meal) and delayed fall (30- to 120-minutes) of rPAT. Correlation persisted even after the effect of BMI has been partialled out in sub-group analysis. We conclude that finger PPG based pulse waveform and single lead ECG has the potential to be used as a non-invasive method for the assessment of insulin resistance. As both signals viz., ECG and PPG can be easily acquired using wearable and other low-cost sensing systems, the present study can serve as a pointer for the development of accessible methods of monitoring and longitudinal tracking of insulin resistance in health and pathophysiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Koppula
- Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana state, India, Hyderabad, 502205, INDIA
| | - Abdur Rehman Asif
- Biochemistry, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Road.No.92, Film nagar, Apollo health city campus, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500096, INDIA
| | - Ram Reddy Barra
- Physiology, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Apollo health city campus, Road.No.92, Jubilee hills, Hyderabad, India, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500090, INDIA
| | - Kousik Sarathy Sridharan
- Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana state, India, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502285, INDIA
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50
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Khan D, Moffett RC, Flatt PR, Tarasov AI. Classical and non-classical islet peptides in the control of β-cell function. Peptides 2022; 150:170715. [PMID: 34958851 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The dual role of the pancreas as both an endocrine and exocrine gland is vital for food digestion and control of nutrient metabolism. The exocrine pancreas secretes enzymes into the small intestine aiding digestion of sugars and fats, whereas the endocrine pancreas secretes a cocktail of hormones into the blood, which is responsible for blood glucose control and regulation of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. Classical islet hormones, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin, interact in an autocrine and paracrine manner, to fine-tube the islet function and insulin secretion to the needs of the body. Recently pancreatic islets have been reported to express a number of non-classical peptide hormones involved in metabolic signalling, whose major production site was believed to reside outside pancreas, e.g. in the small intestine. We highlight the key non-classical islet peptides, and consider their involvement, together with established islet hormones, in regulation of stimulus-secretion coupling as well as proliferation, survival and transdifferentiation of β-cells. We furthermore focus on the paracrine interaction between classical and non-classical islet hormones in the maintenance of β-cell function. Understanding the functional relationships between these islet peptides might help to develop novel, more efficient treatments for diabetes and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawood Khan
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - R Charlotte Moffett
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Andrei I Tarasov
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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