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Kunz CF, de Vries S, de Vries J. Plant terrestrialization: an environmental pull on the evolution of multi-sourced streptophyte phenolics. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230358. [PMID: 39343031 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds of land plants are varied: they are chemodiverse, are sourced from different biosynthetic routes and fulfil a broad spectrum of functions that range from signalling phytohormones, to protective shields against stressors, to structural compounds. Their action defines the biology of land plants as we know it. Often, their roles are tied to environmental responses that, however, impacted already the algal progenitors of land plants, streptophyte algae. Indeed, many streptophyte algae successfully dwell in terrestrial habitats and have homologues for enzymatic routes for the production of important phenolic compounds, such as the phenylpropanoid pathway. Here, we synthesize what is known about the production of specialized phenolic compounds across hundreds of millions of years of streptophyte evolution. We propose an evolutionary scenario in which selective pressures borne out of environmental cues shaped the chemodiversity of phenolics in streptophytes. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of plant metabolism'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cäcilia F Kunz
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Sophie de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
- Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
- Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
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2
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Leonardelli M, Tissot N, Podolec R, Ares-Orpel F, Glauser G, Ulm R, Demarsy E. Photoreceptor-induced sinapate synthesis contributes to photoprotection in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 196:1518-1533. [PMID: 38918833 PMCID: PMC11444301 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Plants must balance light capture for photosynthesis with protection from potentially harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Photoprotection is mediated by concerted action of photoreceptors, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we provide evidence that UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) UV-B, phytochrome red, and cryptochrome blue-light photoreceptors converge on the induction of FERULIC ACID 5-HYDROXYLASE 1 (FAH1) that encodes a key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, leading to the accumulation of UV-absorbing sinapate esters in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). FAH1 induction depends on the basic leucine zipper transcription factors ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) and HY5 HOMOLOG that function downstream of all 3 photoreceptors. Noticeably, mutants with hyperactive UVR8 signaling rescue fah1 UV sensitivity. Targeted metabolite profiling suggests that this phenotypic rescue is due to the accumulation of UV-absorbing metabolites derived from precursors of sinapate synthesis, namely, coumaroyl glucose and feruloyl glucose. Our genetic dissection of the phenylpropanoid pathway combined with metabolomic and physiological analyses show that both sinapate esters and flavonoids contribute to photoprotection with sinapates playing a major role for UV screening. Our findings indicate that photoreceptor-mediated regulation of FAH1 and subsequent accumulation of sinapate "sunscreen" compounds are key protective mechanisms to mitigate damage, preserve photosynthetic performance, and ensure plant survival under UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Leonardelli
- Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Tissot
- Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roman Podolec
- Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florence Ares-Orpel
- Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Roman Ulm
- Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Demarsy
- Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Chen N, Jin Y, Yang R, Yao H, Kong DX. A chemoinformatic analysis on natural glycosides with respect to biological origin and structural class. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1464-1478. [PMID: 37070562 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00089j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to 202216.19% of reported natural products (NPs) in the Dictionary of Natural Products (DNP) are glycosides. As one of the most important NPs' structural modifications, glycosylation can change the NPs' polarity, making the aglycones more amphipathic. However, until now, little is known about the general distribution profile of the natural glycosides in different biological sources or structural types. The reason, structural or species preferences of the natural glycosylation remain unclear. In this highlight, chemoinformatic methods were employed to analyze the natural glycosides from DNP, the most comprehensively annotated NP database. We found that the glycosylation ratios of NPs from plants, bacteria, animals and fungi decrease successively, which are 24.99%, 20.84%, 8.40% and 4.48%, respectively. Echinoderm-derived NPs (56.11%) are the most frequently glycosylated, while those produced by molluscs (1.55%), vertebrates (2.19%) and Rhodophyta (3.00%) are the opposite. Among the diverse structural types, a large proportion of steroids (45.19%), tannins (44.78%) and flavonoids (39.21%) are glycosides, yet aminoacids and peptides (5.16%), alkaloids (5.66%) are comparatively less glycosylated. Even within the same biological source or structural type, their glycosylation rates fluctuate drastically between sub- or cross-categories. The substitute patterns of flavonoid and terpenoid glycosides and the most frequently glycosylated scaffolds were identified. NPs with different glycosylation levels occupy different chemical spaces of physicochemical property and scaffold. These findings could help us to interpret the preference of NPs' glycosylation and investigate how NP glycosylation could aid NP-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinliang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Nianhang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Yuting Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Ruofei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Hucheng Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - De-Xin Kong
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
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4
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Peng J, Guo F, Liu S, Fang H, Xu Z, Wang T. Recent Advances and Future Prospects of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids. Molecules 2023; 28:5588. [PMID: 37513460 PMCID: PMC10384724 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are a class of water-soluble active substances produced by various aquatic organisms. However, due to the limitations of low accumulation of MAAs in organisms, the cumbersome extraction process, difficult identification, and high cost, MAAs have not yet been widely used in human life. Recently, there has been an emergence of heterologous synthesis for MAAs, making increasing yield the key to the quantification and application of MAAs. This review summarizes the latest research progress of MAAs, including: (1) introducing the biodistribution of MAAs and the content differences among different species to provide a reference for the selection of research subjects; (2) elaborating the species and molecular information of MAAs; (3) dissecting the synthesis mechanism and sorting out the synthesis pathways of various MAAs; (4) summarizing the methods of extraction and identification, summarizing the advantages and disadvantages, and providing a reference for the optimization of extraction protocols; (5) examining the heterologous synthesis method; and (6) summarizing the physiological functions of MAAs. This paper comprehensively updates the latest research status of MAAs and the various problems that need to be addressed, especially emphasizing the potential advantages of heterologous synthesis in the future production of MAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Fangyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Sishi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Haiyan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zhenshang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
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5
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Shapiro AV, Brühl C, Klingmüller K, Steil B, Shapiro AI, Witzke V, Kostogryz N, Gizon L, Solanki SK, Lelieveld J. Metal-rich stars are less suitable for the evolution of life on their planets. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1893. [PMID: 37072387 PMCID: PMC10113254 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric ozone and oxygen protect the terrestrial biosphere against harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Here, we model atmospheres of Earth-like planets hosted by stars with near-solar effective temperatures (5300 to 6300 K) and a broad range of metallicities covering known exoplanet host stars. We show that paradoxically, although metal-rich stars emit substantially less ultraviolet radiation than metal-poor stars, the surface of their planets is exposed to more intense ultraviolet radiation. For the stellar types considered, metallicity has a larger impact than stellar temperature. During the evolution of the universe, newly formed stars have progressively become more metal-rich, exposing organisms to increasingly intense ultraviolet radiation. Our findings imply that planets hosted by stars with low metallicity are the best targets to search for complex life on land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Shapiro
- Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | - Veronika Witzke
- Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nadiia Kostogryz
- Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laurent Gizon
- Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Astrophysics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Space Science, NYUAD Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Sami K Solanki
- Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany
- School of Space Research, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jos Lelieveld
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- The Cyprus Institute, Climate and Atmosphere Research Center, Nicosia, Cyprus
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6
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Fang S, Cong B, Zhao L, Liu C, Zhang Z, Liu S. Genome-Wide Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNAs Related to UV-B Radiation in the Antarctic Moss Pohlia nutans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065757. [PMID: 36982830 PMCID: PMC10051584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antarctic organisms are consistently suffering from multiple environmental pressures, especially the strong UV radiation caused by the loss of the ozone layer. The mosses and lichens dominate the vegetation of the Antarctic continent, which grow and propagate in these harsh environments. However, the molecular mechanisms and related regulatory networks of these Antarctic plants against UV-B radiation are largely unknown. Here, we used an integrated multi-omics approach to study the regulatory mechanism of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) of an Antarctic moss (Pohlia nutans) in response to UV-B radiation. We identified a total of 5729 lncRNA sequences by transcriptome sequencing, including 1459 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs). Through functional annotation, we found that the target genes of DELs were significantly enriched in plant-pathogen interaction and the flavonoid synthesis pathway. In addition, a total of 451 metabolites were detected by metabonomic analysis, and 97 differentially change metabolites (DCMs) were found. Flavonoids account for 20% of the total significantly up-regulated metabolites. In addition, the comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed the co-expression pattern of DELs and DCMs of flavonoids. Our results provide insights into the regulatory network of lncRNA under UV-B radiation and the adaptation of Antarctic moss to the polar environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Fang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Bailin Cong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Chenlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Shenghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266061, China
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7
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Handa K, Jindal R. Mitigating the nephrotoxic impact of hexavalent chromium in Ctenopharyngodon idellus (grass carp) with Boerhavia diffusa (punarnava) leaf extract. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:42399-42415. [PMID: 36648730 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In Ctenopharyngodon idellus, the ameliorative influence of rutin-containing leaf extract of Boerhavia diffusa was assessed against chronic exposure to hexavalent chromium. For this, alterations in chromium accumulation, oxidative stress, kidney function markers, histopathology (light and transmission electron microscopy), and transcriptional profiling (Nrf2 and MT2) were examined. RP-HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of rutin (90.45 ± 0.98 mg/g) in the ethanolic leaf extract of the plant. LD50 of the extract to the fish was beyond 5000 mg/kg b.w. The fish was subjected to a sublethal concentration of hexavalent chromium (5.30 mg/L) accompanied by a dose of 250 mg/kg b.w./day of extract in the diet for the experimental duration of 45 days. The extract alone did not generate any adverse consequences in the nephric tissue. Chronic exposure to hexavalent chromium damaged tissue irreparably, demonstrated by elevated levels of kidney function markers (blood urea nitrogen and creatinine) and altered histoarchitecture (DTC value of 78.02 ± 10.5). The metal exposure increased chromium accumulation and malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase) and gene expression in the tissue. The co-supplementation of leaf extract with metal exposure revealed a tissue architecture with normal to slight modifications, and the level of kidney markers, antioxidants, and genes expressed in a normalized range. Principal component analysis created two components with antioxidants (GSH, SOD, CAT, and GST) revealing a negative correlation with the second component comprising MDA, DTC, and chromium concentration. It can be concluded that B. diffusa leaves are safe additives in the fish diet and possess an ameliorative capacity for renal injury incurred by hexavalent chromium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Handa
- Aquatic Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Rajinder Jindal
- Aquatic Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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8
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Shi S, Shi R, Li T, Zhou D. UV-B Radiation Effects on the Alpine Plant Kobresia humilis in a Qinghai-Tibet Alpine Meadow. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3102. [PMID: 36432831 PMCID: PMC9698231 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced UV-B radiation resulting from stratospheric ozone depletion has been documented both globally and on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. The response of Kobresia humilis, an important alpine meadow plant species, to enhanced UV-B radiation was experimentally investigated at the Haibei Alpine Meadow Ecosystem Research Station (37°29′−37°45′ N, 101°12′−101°23′ E; alt. 3200 m). K. humilis was exposed to UV-B radiation including ambient UV-B and enhanced UV-B (simulating a 14% reduction in the ozone layer) in a randomized design with three replications of each treatment. Enhanced UV-B radiation resulted in a significant increase of both leaf area and fresh weight chlorophyll and carotenoid but had no effect on UV-B absorbing pigments. Similarly, enhanced UV-B radiation did not significantly change the photosynthetic O2 elevation rate while leaf thickness, width, and length significantly increased (p < 0.01). The enhanced UV-B radiation was associated with 2−3 days earlier flowering and a larger number of flowers per spikelet. The enhanced UV-B generally resulted in larger leaves and more flowers but earlier phenology. In summary, these findings suggest that alpine species of K. humilis have adapted to the strong solar UV-B radiation intensity presented on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, but the interspecies differences and their influence on trophic level should be more concerning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biology, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area and Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Desertification and Aeolian Sand Disaster Combating, Gansu Desert Control Research Institute, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Guangdong Berkgen Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shaoguan Advanced Institute of Biopharmaceuticals, Guangzhou 512000, China
| | - Tiancai Li
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biology, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area and Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
| | - Dangwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biology, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area and Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
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9
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UV-B Irradiation Effect on Microalgae Performance in the Remediation of Effluent Derived from the Cigarette Butt Cleaning Process. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182356. [PMID: 36145757 PMCID: PMC9504614 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the potential of ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation to alleviate the effects of pollutants in cigarette butt wastewater (CBW) was investigated using different Chlorella sorokiniana strains (F4, R1 and LG1). Microalgae were treated with UV-B (1.7 W m−2) for 3 days prior to their exposure to CBW and then incubated for 4 days in the absence or presence of UV-B. UV-B-untreated microalgae were used as the control. Comparative physiological responses, including photosynthetic pigments and non-enzymatic antioxidants, as well as nicotine and nicotyrine removal, were evaluated in 7-day cultures. UV-B treatments did not negatively impact algal chlorophyll or carotenoid production. UV-B acclimation was strain-dependent, correlating with native environment adaptations and genetic constitutions. UV-B as a pretreatment had long-term positive effects on non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity. However, LG1 needed more time to readjust the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance, as it was the most UV-B-sensitive. Phenolic compounds played an important role in the antioxidant system response to UV-B, while flavonoids did not contribute to the total antioxidant capacity. Although cross-resistance between UV-B and CBW was observed in F4 and R1, only R1 showed nicotine/nicotyrine catabolism induction due to UV-B. Overall, the results suggest that UV-B activates defense pathways associated with resistance or tolerance to nicotine and nicotyrine.
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10
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González Moreno A, de Cózar A, Prieto P, Domínguez E, Heredia A. Radiationless mechanism of UV deactivation by cuticle phenolics in plants. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1786. [PMID: 35379806 PMCID: PMC8979964 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxycinnamic acids present in plant cuticles, the interphase and the main protective barrier between the plant and the environment, exhibit singular photochemical properties that could allow them to act as a UV shield. Here, we employ transient absorption spectroscopy on isolated cuticles and leaf epidermises to study in situ the photodynamics of these molecules in the excited state. Based on quantum chemical calculations on p-coumaric acid, the main phenolic acid present in the cuticle, we propose a model in which cuticle phenolics display a photoprotective mechanism based in an ultrafast and non-radiative excited state deactivation combined with fluorescence emission. As such, the cuticle can be regarded as the first and foremost protective barrier against UV radiation. This photostable and photodynamic mechanism seems to be universal in land plants giving a special role and function to the presence of different aromatic domains in plant cuticles and epidermises. Phenolics are abundant in plant cuticles. Here, via transient absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations, the authors propose a model by which cuticle phenolics provide photoprotection due to ultrafast and non-radiative excited state deactivation combined with fluorescence emission.
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11
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Barnes PW, Robson TM, Neale PJ, Williamson CE, Zepp RG, Madronich S, Wilson SR, Andrady AL, Heikkilä AM, Bernhard GH, Bais AF, Neale RE, Bornman JF, Jansen MAK, Klekociuk AR, Martinez-Abaigar J, Robinson SA, Wang QW, Banaszak AT, Häder DP, Hylander S, Rose KC, Wängberg SÅ, Foereid B, Hou WC, Ossola R, Paul ND, Ukpebor JE, Andersen MPS, Longstreth J, Schikowski T, Solomon KR, Sulzberger B, Bruckman LS, Pandey KK, White CC, Zhu L, Zhu M, Aucamp PJ, Liley JB, McKenzie RL, Berwick M, Byrne SN, Hollestein LM, Lucas RM, Olsen CM, Rhodes LE, Yazar S, Young AR. Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2021. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:275-301. [PMID: 35191005 PMCID: PMC8860140 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel of the Montreal Protocol under the United Nations Environment Programme evaluates effects on the environment and human health that arise from changes in the stratospheric ozone layer and concomitant variations in ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the Earth's surface. The current update is based on scientific advances that have accumulated since our last assessment (Photochem and Photobiol Sci 20(1):1-67, 2021). We also discuss how climate change affects stratospheric ozone depletion and ultraviolet radiation, and how stratospheric ozone depletion affects climate change. The resulting interlinking effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change are assessed in terms of air quality, carbon sinks, ecosystems, human health, and natural and synthetic materials. We further highlight potential impacts on the biosphere from extreme climate events that are occurring with increasing frequency as a consequence of climate change. These and other interactive effects are examined with respect to the benefits that the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments are providing to life on Earth by controlling the production of various substances that contribute to both stratospheric ozone depletion and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Barnes
- Biological Sciences and Environment Program, Loyola University New Orleans, New Orleans, USA
| | - T M Robson
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P J Neale
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, USA
| | | | - R G Zepp
- ORD/CEMM, US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - S Madronich
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA
| | - S R Wilson
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - A L Andrady
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Apex, USA
| | - A M Heikkilä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - A F Bais
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Department of Physics, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - R E Neale
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J F Bornman
- Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
| | | | - A R Klekociuk
- Antarctic Climate Program, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Australia
| | - J Martinez-Abaigar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja, La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - S A Robinson
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, Global Challenges Program and School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Q-W Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenyang, China
| | - A T Banaszak
- Unidad Académica De Sistemas Arrecifales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México, Puerto Morelos, Mexico
| | - D-P Häder
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Möhrendorf, Germany
| | - S Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems-EEMiS, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - K C Rose
- Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, USA
| | - S-Å Wängberg
- Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - B Foereid
- Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - W-C Hou
- Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - R Ossola
- Environmental System Science (D-USYS), ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N D Paul
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - J E Ukpebor
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - M P S Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Northridge, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Longstreth
- The Institute for Global Risk Research, LLC, Bethesda, USA
| | - T Schikowski
- Research Group of Environmental Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute of Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - K R Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - B Sulzberger
- Academic Guest, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - L S Bruckman
- Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - K K Pandey
- Wood Processing Division, Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - C C White
- Polymer Science and Materials Chemistry (PSMC), Exponent, Bethesda, USA
| | - L Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - P J Aucamp
- Ptersa Environmental Consultants, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J B Liley
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Alexandra, New Zealand
| | - R L McKenzie
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Alexandra, New Zealand
| | - M Berwick
- Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - S N Byrne
- Applied Medical Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - L M Hollestein
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - C M Olsen
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - L E Rhodes
- Photobiology Unit, Dermatology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S Yazar
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - A R Young
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (KCL), London, UK
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12
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Angelé-Martínez C, Goncalves LCP, Premi S, Augusto FA, Palmatier MA, Amar SK, Brash DE. Triplet-Energy Quenching Functions of Antioxidant Molecules. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020357. [PMID: 35204239 PMCID: PMC8868474 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
UV-like DNA damage is created in the dark by chemiexcitation, in which UV-activated enzymes generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that create a dioxetane on melanin. Thermal cleavage creates an electronically excited triplet-state carbonyl whose high energy transfers to DNA. Screening natural compounds for the ability to quench this energy identified polyenes, polyphenols, mycosporine-like amino acids, and related compounds better known as antioxidants. To eliminate false positives such as ROS and RNS scavengers, we then used the generator of triplet-state acetone, tetramethyl-1,2-dioxetane (TMD), to excite the triplet-energy reporter 9,10-dibromoanthracene-2-sulfonate (DBAS). Quenching measured as reduction in DBAS luminescence revealed three clusters of 50% inhibitory concentration, ~50 μM, 200–500 μM, and >600 μM, with the former including sorbate, ferulic acid, and resveratrol. Representative triplet-state quenchers prevented chemiexcitation-induced “dark” cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (dCPD) in DNA and in UVA-irradiated melanocytes. We conclude that (i) the delocalized pi electron cloud that stabilizes the electron-donating activity of many common antioxidants allows the same molecule to prevent an electronically excited species from transferring its triplet-state energy to targets such as DNA and (ii) the most effective class of triplet-state quenchers appear to operate by energy diversion instead of electron donation and dissipate that energy by isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Angelé-Martínez
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA; (C.A.-M.); (L.C.P.G.); (S.P.); (F.A.A.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.A.)
| | - Leticia Christina Pires Goncalves
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA; (C.A.-M.); (L.C.P.G.); (S.P.); (F.A.A.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.A.)
| | - Sanjay Premi
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA; (C.A.-M.); (L.C.P.G.); (S.P.); (F.A.A.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.A.)
| | - Felipe A. Augusto
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA; (C.A.-M.); (L.C.P.G.); (S.P.); (F.A.A.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.A.)
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Meg A. Palmatier
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA; (C.A.-M.); (L.C.P.G.); (S.P.); (F.A.A.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.A.)
| | - Saroj K. Amar
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA; (C.A.-M.); (L.C.P.G.); (S.P.); (F.A.A.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.A.)
| | - Douglas E. Brash
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA; (C.A.-M.); (L.C.P.G.); (S.P.); (F.A.A.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.A.)
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8059, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8028, USA
- Correspondence:
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13
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Zhang Z, Xu C, Zhang S, Shi C, Cheng H, Liu H, Zhong B. Origin and adaptive evolution of UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8-mediated signaling during plant terrestrialization. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:332-346. [PMID: 34662425 PMCID: PMC8774840 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) mediates photomorphogenic responses and acclimation to UV-B radiation by regulating the transcription of a series of transcription factors (TFs). However, the origin and evolution of UVR8-mediated signaling pathways remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the origin and evolution of the major components of the UVR8-mediated signaling pathway (UVR8, REPRESSOR OF UV-B PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS [RUP], BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR1 [BES1], BES1-INTERACTING MYC-LIKE 1 (BIM1), WRKY DNA-BINDING PROTEIN 36 (WRKY36), MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN 73/77/13 [MYB73/MYB77/MYB13], and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4/5 [PIF4 and PIF5]) using comparative genomics and phylogenetic approaches. We showed that the central regulator UVR8 presented a conservative evolutionary route during plant evolution, and the evolutionary history of downstream negative regulators and TFs was different from that of green plant phylogeny. The canonical UVR8-CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1(COP1)/SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105 (SPA)-ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5)-RUP signaling pathway originated in chlorophytes and conferred green algae the additional ability to cope with UV-B radiation. Moreover, the emergence of multiple UVR8-mediated signaling pathways in charophytes laid the foundations for the cross-talk between UV-B signals and endogenous hormone responses. Importantly, we observed signatures that reflect plant adaptations to high UV-B irradiance in subaerial/terrestrial environments, including positive selection in UVR8 and RUPs and increased copy number of some vital TFs. These results revealed that green plants not only experienced adaptive modifications in the canonical UVR8-COP1/SPA-HY5-RUP signaling pathway, but also diversified their UV-B signal transduction mechanisms through increasing cross-talk with other pathways, such as those associated with brassinosteroids and auxin. This study greatly expands our understanding of molecular evolution and adaptive mechanisms underlying plant UV-B acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chenjie Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chen Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bojian Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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14
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Zedek F, Veselý P, Tichý L, Elliott TL, Garbolino E, de Ruffray P, Bureš P. Holocentric plants are more competitive under higher UV-B doses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:15-21. [PMID: 34547106 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- František Zedek
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Veselý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Tichý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tammy L Elliott
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Emmanuel Garbolino
- Climpact Data Science (CDS), Nova Sophia - Regus Nova, 291 rue Albert Caquot, CS 40095, 06902, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Patrice de Ruffray
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes-CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général-Zimmer, F-67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Petr Bureš
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
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15
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Dong T, Sha Y, Liu H, Sun L. Altitudinal Variation of Metabolites, Mineral Elements and Antioxidant Activities of Rhodiola crenulata (Hook.f. & Thomson) H.Ohba. Molecules 2021; 26:7383. [PMID: 34885966 PMCID: PMC8658832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodiolacrenulata (Hook.f. & Thomson) H.Ohba is an alpine medicinal plant that can survive in extreme high altitude environments. However, its changes to extreme high altitude are not yet clear. In this study, the response of Rhodiola crenulata to differences in altitude gradients was investigated through chemical, ICP-MS and metabolomic methods. A targeted study of Rhodiola crenulata growing at three vertical altitudes revealed that the contents of seven elements Ca, Sr, B, Mn, Ni, Cu, and Cd, the phenolic components, the ascorbic acid, the ascorbic acid/dehydroascorbate ratio, and the antioxidant capacity were positively correlated with altitude, while the opposite was true for total ascorbic acid content. Furthermore, 1165 metabolites were identified: flavonoids (200), gallic acids (30), phenylpropanoids (237), amino acids (100), free fatty acids and glycerides (56), nucleotides (60), as well as other metabolites (482). The differential metabolite and biomarker analyses suggested that, with an increasing altitude: (1) the shikimic acid-phenylalanine-phenylpropanoids-flavonoids pathway was enhanced, with phenylpropanoids upregulating biomarkers much more than flavonoids; phenylpropanes and phenylmethanes upregulated, and phenylethanes downregulated; the upregulation of quercetin was especially significant in flavonoids; upregulation of condensed tannins and downregulation of hydrolyzed tannins; upregulation of shikimic acids and amino acids including phenylalanine. (2) significant upregulation of free fatty acids and downregulation of glycerides; and (3) upregulation of adenosine phosphates. Our findings provide new insights on the responses of Rhodiola crenulata to extreme high altitude adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liwei Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.D.); (Y.S.); (H.L.)
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16
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Raj S, Kuniyil AM, Sreenikethanam A, Gugulothu P, Jeyakumar RB, Bajhaiya AK. Microalgae as a Source of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids (MAAs); Advances and Future Prospects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12402. [PMID: 34886126 PMCID: PMC8656575 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), are secondary metabolites, first reported in 1960 and found to be associated with the light-stimulated sporulation in terrestrial fungi. MAAs are nitrogenous, low molecular weight, water soluble compounds, which are highly stable with cyclohexenone or cycloheximine rings to store the free radicals. Microalgae are considered as a good source of different kinds of MAAs, which in turn, has its own applications in various industries due to its UV absorbing, anti-oxidant and therapeutic properties. Microalgae can be easily cultivated and requires a very short generation time, which makes them environment friendly source of biomolecules such as mycosporine-like amino acids. Modifying the cultural conditions along withmanipulation of genes associated with mycosporine-like amino acids biosynthesis can help to enhance MAAs synthesis and, in turn, can make microalgae suitable bio-refinery for large scale MAAs production. This review focuses on properties and therapeutic applications of mycosporine like amino acids derived from microalgae. Further attention is drawn on various culture and genetic engineering approaches to enhance the MAAs production in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhisha Raj
- Algal Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610104, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.R.); (A.M.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Anusree M. Kuniyil
- Algal Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610104, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.R.); (A.M.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Arathi Sreenikethanam
- Algal Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610104, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.R.); (A.M.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Poornachandar Gugulothu
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610104, Tamil Nadu, India; (P.G.); (R.B.J.)
| | - Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610104, Tamil Nadu, India; (P.G.); (R.B.J.)
| | - Amit K. Bajhaiya
- Algal Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610104, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.R.); (A.M.K.); (A.S.)
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17
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Mycosporine-like amino acids: Algal metabolites shaping the safety and sustainability profiles of commercial sunscreens. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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da Rosa Wieliczko A, Crossetti LO, Cavalcanti JR, Hessel MS, da Motta-Marques D, Rodrigues LR. Meteorological drivers and ENSO influence on phytoplankton biomass dynamics in a shallow subtropical lake. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:536. [PMID: 34328576 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Meteorological features influence the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems and consequently their biotas. This study aimed to identify the meteorological drivers of phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a), sampled seasonally over a period of 12 years (2001-2013) in Lake Mangueira, a large shallow subtropical lake in southern Brazil. The lake is 90 km long and 3-10 km wide with a mean depth of 3 m and is oligo-mesotrophic and highly affected by wind action. In general, non-parametric multiplicative regression analysis identified wind direction, radiation, and the Oceanic Niño Index as the main drivers of variation in chlorophyll a. Notably, ENSO periods caused changes in physical, chemical, and meteorological parameters, including conductivity, total suspended solids, total and dissolved nitrogen, alkalinity, soluble reactive silica, wind speed, and precipitation. Phytoplankton biomass showed significant differences between ENSO periods and the periods without events, occurring in the highest values during La Niña years. This study showed that meteorological variables can significantly influence productivity patterns, indicating the importance of including them in limnological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa da Rosa Wieliczko
- Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Caixa Postal 15029, RS, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Luciane Oliveira Crossetti
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, AgronomiaPorto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - J Rafael Cavalcanti
- Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Caixa Postal 15029, RS, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mônica Silveira Hessel
- Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Caixa Postal 15029, RS, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - David da Motta-Marques
- Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Caixa Postal 15029, RS, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucia Ribeiro Rodrigues
- Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Caixa Postal 15029, RS, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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19
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Podolec R, Demarsy E, Ulm R. Perception and Signaling of Ultraviolet-B Radiation in Plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 72:793-822. [PMID: 33636992 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-095946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is an intrinsic fraction of sunlight that plants perceive through the UVR8 photoreceptor. UVR8 is a homodimer in its ground state that monomerizes upon UV-B photon absorption via distinct tryptophan residues. Monomeric UVR8 competitively binds to the substrate binding site of COP1, thus inhibiting its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity against target proteins, which include transcriptional regulators such as HY5. The UVR8-COP1 interaction also leads to the destabilization of PIF bHLH factor family members. Additionally, UVR8 directly interacts with and inhibits the DNA binding of a different set of transcription factors. Each of these UVR8 signaling mechanisms initiates nuclear gene expression changes leading to UV-B-induced photomorphogenesis and acclimation. The two WD40-repeat proteins RUP1 and RUP2 provide negative feedback regulation and inactivate UVR8 by facilitating redimerization. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of the UVR8 pathway from UV-B perception and signal transduction to gene expression changes and physiological UV-B responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Podolec
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; , ,
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Demarsy
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; , ,
| | - Roman Ulm
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; , ,
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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20
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Desaulniers Brousseau V, Wu BS, MacPherson S, Morello V, Lefsrud M. Cannabinoids and Terpenes: How Production of Photo-Protectants Can Be Manipulated to Enhance Cannabis sativa L. Phytochemistry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:620021. [PMID: 34135916 PMCID: PMC8200639 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.620021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. is cultivated for its secondary metabolites, of which the cannabinoids have documented health benefits and growing pharmaceutical potential. Recent legal cannabis production in North America and Europe has been accompanied by an increase in reported findings for optimization of naturally occurring and synthetic cannabinoid production. Of the many environmental cues that can be manipulated during plant growth in controlled environments, cannabis cultivation with different lighting spectra indicates differential production and accumulation of medically important cannabinoids, including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabigerol (CBG), as well as terpenes and flavonoids. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation shows potential in stimulating cannabinoid biosynthesis in cannabis trichomes and pre-harvest or post-harvest UV treatment merits further exploration to determine if plant secondary metabolite accumulation could be enhanced in this manner. Visible LED light can augment THC and terpene accumulation, but not CBD. Well-designed experiments with light wavelengths other than blue and red light will provide more insight into light-dependent regulatory and molecular pathways in cannabis. Lighting strategies such as subcanopy lighting and varied light spectra at different developmental stages can lower energy consumption and optimize cannabis PSM production. Although evidence demonstrates that secondary metabolites in cannabis may be modulated by the light spectrum like other plant species, several questions remain for cannabinoid production pathways in this fast-paced and growing industry. In summarizing recent research progress on light spectra and secondary metabolites in cannabis, along with pertinent light responses in model plant species, future research directions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mark Lefsrud
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
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21
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Could Bryophagous Beetles (Coleoptera: Byrrhidae) Help Us Understand Bryophyte Taxonomy? Preferences within the Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. Species Complex. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030469. [PMID: 33801458 PMCID: PMC7999306 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intrataxonomic differences in terms of angiosperm suitability for herbivorous insects stem from variables such as plant structure, palatability, and chemistry. It has not yet been elucidated whether these differences also occur in terms of the bryophyte’s suitability to bryophages. Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. is a morphologically variable moss species frequently inhabited or fed by insects. In this investigation, we offered five morphotypes of H. cupressiforme to two bryophagous species of Byrrhidae (Coleoptera) to reveal whether the intrataxonomic variability affects beetles’ preferences. The morphotypes were offered with preserved and removed spatial structures. There were no significant differences in morphotype preferences when spatial structures were preserved, although during the daytime, the beetles moved from the flat morphotype to the usual and turgid morphotypes. The beetles preferred the turgid morphotype when the spatial structures were removed. The results suggest that the spatial structure variations in the H. cupressiforme complex are accompanied by different chemical, physiological, or microscopic morphological profiles that are recognized by the bryophagous insects. Phylogenetic and epigenetic analyses can reveal multiple differences within the H. cupressiforme complex. Their interconnection with information about the preferences of bryophagous insects can help us to elucidate which of these differences are ecologically relevant.
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22
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Fernández MB, Lukaszewicz G, Lamattina L, Cassia R. Selection and optimization of reference genes for RT-qPCR normalization: A case study in Solanum lycopersicum exposed to UV-B. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 160:269-280. [PMID: 33529802 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative RT- PCR is one of the most common methods to study gene expression in response to stress. Therefore, it is crucial to have suitable reference genes (RGs) for result normalization. Although several reports describe UV-B-modulated gene expression in Solanum lycopersicum, there are no suitable RGs identified until now. The aim of this work was to evaluate the suitability of seven traditional genes: actin (ACT), tubulin (TUB), ubiquitin (UBI), glyceraldehyde- 3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), elongation factor 1α (EF1α), phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit (PP2A) and GAGA binding transcriptional activator (GAGA); and two non-traditional genes: thioredoxin h1 (TRX h1) and UV-B RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8), as candidate RGs for their potential use as reliable internal controls in leaves, stems and roots of tomato seedlings exposed to acute and chronic UV-B. The stability of these genes expression was evaluated using five statistical algorithms: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, Delta Ct and ANOVA. Considering the comprehensive stability ranking, we recommend ACT+TUB as the best pair of RGs for leaves, PP2A+GAPDH+TRX h1 for stems and TUB+UVR8 for roots. The reliability of the selected RGs for each tissue was verified amplifying tomato chalcone synthase 1 (CHS1) and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyase (PHR1-LIKE). Under UV-B treatment, CHS1 was upregulated in leaves, stems and roots whereas PHR1-LIKE was only upregulated in leaves and stems. This interpretation differs when the most and least stable RGs are chosen. This is the first report regarding suitable RGs selection for accurate normalization of gene expression in tomato seedlings exposed to UV-B irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar Del Plata- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CC1245 7600, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Germán Lukaszewicz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar Del Plata- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CC1245 7600, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorenzo Lamattina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar Del Plata- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CC1245 7600, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Raúl Cassia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar Del Plata- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CC1245 7600, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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UV Lighting in Horticulture: A Sustainable Tool for Improving Production Quality and Food Safety. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) is a component of solar radiation that can be divided into three types defined by waveband: UV-A (315–400 nm), UV-B (280–315 nm), and UV-C (<280 nm). UV light can influence the physiological responses of plants. Wavelength, intensity, and exposure have a great impact on plant growth and quality. Interaction between plants and UV light is regulated by photoreceptors such as UV Resistance Locus 8 (UVR8) that enables acclimation to UV-B stress. Although UV in high doses is known to damage quality and production parameters, some studies show that UV in low doses may stimulate biomass accumulation and the synthesis of healthy compounds that mainly absorb UV. UV exposure is known to induce variations in plant architecture, important in ornamental crops, increasing their economic value. Abiotic stress induced by UV exposure increases resistance to insects and pathogens, and reduce postharvest quality depletion. This review highlights the role that UV may play in plant growth, quality, photomorphogenesis, and abiotic/biotic stress resistance.
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Warner R, Wu BS, MacPherson S, Lefsrud M. A Review of Strawberry Photobiology and Fruit Flavonoids in Controlled Environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:611893. [PMID: 33633764 PMCID: PMC7902047 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.611893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rapid technology development in controlled environment (CE) plant production has been applied to a large variety of plants. In recent years, strawberries have become a popular fruit for CE production because of their high economic and nutritional values. With the widespread use of light-emitting diode (LED) technology in the produce industry, growers can manipulate strawberry growth and development by providing specific light spectra. Manipulating light intensity and spectral composition can modify strawberry secondary metabolism and highly impact fruit quality and antioxidant properties. While the impact of visible light on secondary metabolite profiles for other greenhouse crops is well documented, more insight into the impact of different light spectra, from UV radiation to the visible light spectrum, on strawberry plants is required. This will allow growers to maximize yield and rapidly adapt to consumer preferences. In this review, a compilation of studies investigating the effect of light properties on strawberry fruit flavonoids is provided, and a comparative analysis of how light spectra influences strawberry's photobiology and secondary metabolism is presented. The effects of pre-harvest and post-harvest light treatments with UV radiation and visible light are considered. Future studies and implications for LED lighting configurations in strawberry fruit production for researchers and growers are discussed.
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Zedek F, Plačková K, Veselý P, Šmerda J, Šmarda P, Horová L, Bureš P. Endopolyploidy is a common response to UV-B stress in natural plant populations, but its magnitude may be affected by chromosome type. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:883-889. [PMID: 32582956 PMCID: PMC7750947 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) radiation damages the DNA, cells and photosynthetic apparatus of plants. Plants commonly prevent this damage by synthetizing UV-B-protective compounds. Recent laboratory experiments in Arabidopsis and cucumber have indicated that plants can also respond to UV-B stress with endopolyploidy. Here we test the generality of this response in natural plant populations, considering their monocentric or holocentric chromosomal structure. METHODS We measured the endopolyploidy index (flow cytometry) and the concentration of UV-B-protective compounds in leaves of 12 herbaceous species (1007 individuals) from forest interiors and neighbouring clearings where they were exposed to increased UV-B radiation (103 forest + clearing populations). We then analysed the data using phylogenetic mixed models. KEY RESULTS The concentration of UV-B protectives increased with UV-B doses estimated from hemispheric photographs of the sky above sample collection sites, but the increase was more rapid in species with monocentric chromosomes. Endopolyploidy index increased with UV-B doses and with concentrations of UV-B-absorbing compounds only in species with monocentric chromosomes, while holocentric species responded negligibly. CONCLUSIONS Endopolyploidy seems to be a common response to increased UV-B in monocentric plants. Low sensitivity to UV-B in holocentric species might relate to their success in high-UV-stressed habitats and corroborates the hypothesized role of holocentric chromosomes in plant terrestrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Zedek
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Plačková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Veselý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Šmerda
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šmarda
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Horová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bureš
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Grašič M, Sovdat T, Gaberščik A. Frond Optical Properties of the Fern Phyllitis scolopendrium Depend on Light Conditions in the Habitat. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101254. [PMID: 32977666 PMCID: PMC7598650 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ferns display an elevated degree of phenotypic plasticity to changes in irradiance levels; however, only a few reports deal with their response to different light conditions. To get an insight into the extent of phenotypic plasticity of the fern Phyllitis scolopendrium, thriving in a forested area along a radiation gradient at the entrance of a cave, we examined selected biochemical, morphological, and physiological frond traits of the ferns from three different habitats. Sampling was performed two times during the vegetation season, in April and June. We also measured frond optical properties to point out the differences in leaf/light interactions between different plant samples. According to frond size, the middle habitat, receiving 125 µmol m−2s−1 of photosynthetically active radiation at both sampling times, appeared to be the most favourable. The production of UV-absorbing substances was highest in the habitat with the lowest radiation level. At the beginning of the season, the level of photosynthetic pigments in this habitat was the same as in the other habitats, while it was significantly lower in June when the tree canopy was closed. Frond reflectance was similar when comparing habitats and different sampling times. The most significant differences were obtained in the UV-A and near-infrared regions. The reflectance spectra depended mainly on frond biochemical properties, which altogether explained 54% (p ≤ 0.05) of the spectra variability. Frond transmittance depended on both, morphological parameters, explaining 51% (p ≤ 0.05), and frond biochemistry, explaining 73% (p ≤ 0.05) of the spectra variability. P. scolopendrium was revealed to be highly plastic regarding light conditions. The shapes of the frond reflectance and transmittance optical curves were similar to those typical of leaves of seed plants. The fronds exhibited high morphological plasticity when comparing different habitats. However, their biochemical and optical traits differed more between the two sampling times than between the habitats.
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Gaberščik A, Grašič M, Vogel-Mikuš K, Germ M, Golob A. Water Shortage Strongly Alters Formation of Calcium Oxalate Druse Crystals and Leaf Traits in Fagopyrum esculentum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E917. [PMID: 32698521 PMCID: PMC7411882 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is a robust plant with high resistance to different environmental constraints. It contains high levels of calcium oxalate (CaOx) druse crystals, although their role remains obscure. The objective was to examine the effects of water shortage on plant biomass partition and leaf traits and formation of CaOx druse crystals in common buckwheat. Buckwheat plants were exposed to favorable and reduced water availability for 28 days. The element composition and morphological, biochemical, physiological and optical traits of the leaves, and the plant biomass were investigated under these conditions. Measurements of photochemical efficiency of photosystem II showed undisturbed functioning for buckwheat exposed to water shortage, apparently due to partially closed stomata and more efficient water regulation. Strong relationships were seen between water-related parameters and Ca, Mn and S content, and size and density of CaOx druse crystals. Redundancy analysis revealed the importance of the size of CaOx druse crystals to explain reflection in the UV range. Water shortage resulted in shorter plants with the same leaf mass (i.e., increased mass:height ratio), which, together with denser leaf tissue and higher content of photosynthetic pigments and protective substances, provides an advantage under extreme weather conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alenka Gaberščik
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.G.); (M.G.); (K.V.-M.); (A.G.)
| | - Mateja Grašič
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.G.); (M.G.); (K.V.-M.); (A.G.)
| | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.G.); (M.G.); (K.V.-M.); (A.G.)
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Germ
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.G.); (M.G.); (K.V.-M.); (A.G.)
| | - Aleksandra Golob
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.G.); (M.G.); (K.V.-M.); (A.G.)
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Patra V, Gallais Sérézal I, Wolf P. Potential of Skin Microbiome, Pro- and/or Pre-Biotics to Affect Local Cutaneous Responses to UV Exposure. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1795. [PMID: 32560310 PMCID: PMC7353315 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human skin hosts innumerable microorganisms and maintains homeostasis with the local immune system despite the challenges offered by environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR). UVR causes cutaneous alterations such as acute (i.e., sunburn) and chronic inflammation, tanning, photoaging, skin cancer, and immune modulation. Phototherapy on the other hand is widely used to treat inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, polymorphic light eruption and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), as well as neoplastic skin diseases such as cutaneous T cell lymphoma, among others. Previous work has addressed the use of pro- and pre-biotics to protect against UVR through anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-carcinogenic and/or pro-and contra-melanogenic properties. Herein, we discuss and share perspectives of the potential benefits of novel treatment strategies using microbes and pro- and pre-biotics as modulators of the skin response to UVR, and how they could act both for protection against UVR-induced skin damage and as enhancers of the UVR-driven therapeutic effects on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- VijayKumar Patra
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Irène Gallais Sérézal
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Solna, Sweden;
- Department of Dermatology, Besançon University Hospital, 25000 Besancon, France
| | - Peter Wolf
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Peñalver R, Lorenzo JM, Ros G, Amarowicz R, Pateiro M, Nieto G. Seaweeds as a Functional Ingredient for a Healthy Diet. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E301. [PMID: 32517092 PMCID: PMC7345263 DOI: 10.3390/md18060301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds have been used since ancient times as food, mainly by Asian countries, while in Western countries, their main application has been as gelling agents and colloids for the food, pharmaceuticals, and the cosmetic industry. Seaweeds are a good source of nutrients such as proteins, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. Polyphenols, polysaccharides, and sterols, as well as other bioactive molecules, are mainly responsible for the healthy properties associated with seaweed. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic properties are attributed to these compounds. If seaweeds are compared to terrestrial plants, they have a higher proportion of essential fatty acids as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids. In addition, there are several secondary metabolites that are synthesized by algae such as terpenoids, oxylipins, phlorotannins, volatile hydrocarbons, and products of mixed biogenetic origin. Therefore, algae can be considered as a natural source of great interest, since they contain compounds with numerous biological activities and can be used as a functional ingredient in many technological applications to obtain functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Peñalver
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Espinardo, Spain; (R.P.); (G.R.); (G.N.)
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain;
| | - Gaspar Ros
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Espinardo, Spain; (R.P.); (G.R.); (G.N.)
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain;
| | - Gema Nieto
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Espinardo, Spain; (R.P.); (G.R.); (G.N.)
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Pu G, Zeng D, Mo L, Liao J, Chen X, Qiu S, Lv Y. Artificial light at night alter the impact of arsenic on microbial decomposers and leaf litter decomposition in streams. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 191:110014. [PMID: 31810590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN, also known as light pollution) has been proved to be a contributor to environmental change and a biodiversity threat worldwide, yet little is known about its potential interaction with different metal pollutants, such as arsenic (As), one of the largest threats to aquatic ecosystems. To narrow this gap, an indoor microcosm study was performed using an ALAN simulation device to examine whether ALAN exposure altered the impact of arsenic on plant litter decomposition and its associated fungi. Results revealed that microbial decomposers involved in the conversion of As(III) to As(V), and ALAN exposure enhanced this effect; ALAN or arsenic only exposure altered fungal community composition and the correlations between fungi species, as well as stimulated or inhibited litter decomposition, respectively. The negative effects of arsenic on the decomposition of Pterocarya stenoptera leaf litter was alleviated by ALAN resulting in the enhanced photodegradation of leaf litter lignin and microbiological oxidation of As(III) to As(V), the increased microbial biomass and CBH activity, as well as the enhanced correlations between CBH and litter decomposition rate. Overall, results expand our understanding of ALAN on environment and highlight the contribution of ALAN to the toxicity of arsenic in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaozhong Pu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, 541006, China.
| | - Danjuan Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, 541006, China
| | - Ling Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, 541006, China
| | - Jianxiong Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, 541006, China
| | - Xiaxia Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, 541006, China; College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, Guilin, 541006, China
| | - Shuo Qiu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, 541006, China
| | - Yanna Lv
- School of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
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Davies KM, Jibran R, Zhou Y, Albert NW, Brummell DA, Jordan BR, Bowman JL, Schwinn KE. The Evolution of Flavonoid Biosynthesis: A Bryophyte Perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:7. [PMID: 32117358 PMCID: PMC7010833 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The flavonoid pathway is one of the best characterized specialized metabolite pathways of plants. In angiosperms, the flavonoids have varied roles in assisting with tolerance to abiotic stress and are also key for signaling to pollinators and seed dispersal agents. The pathway is thought to be specific to land plants and to have arisen during the period of land colonization around 550-470 million years ago. In this review we consider current knowledge of the flavonoid pathway in the bryophytes, consisting of the liverworts, hornworts, and mosses. The pathway is less characterized for bryophytes than angiosperms, and the first genetic and molecular studies on bryophytes are finding both commonalities and significant differences in flavonoid biosynthesis and pathway regulation between angiosperms and bryophytes. This includes biosynthetic pathway branches specific to each plant group and the apparent complete absence of flavonoids from the hornworts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Davies
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Rubina Jibran
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Yanfei Zhou
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nick W. Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David A. Brummell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Brian R. Jordan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John L. Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathy E. Schwinn
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Light Pollution Changes the Toxicological Effects of Cadmium on Microbial Community Structure and Function Associated with Leaf Litter Decomposition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020422. [PMID: 31936535 PMCID: PMC7014219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN/A) can not only alter the behavior and communication of biological organisms, it can also interact with other stressors. Despite its widespread use and the numerous potential ecological effects, little is known about the impact of ALAN on plant litter decomposition under cadmium (Cd) pollution in aquatic ecosystems. In an indoor microcosm experiment, we tested single and combined effects of ALAN and Cd on the activities and community structure of fungi associated with plant litter. The results showed that ALAN and/or Cd can change both water and leaf litter characteristics. ALAN exposure not only altered fungal community structure and their correlations, but also increased the activities of alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, and cellobiohydrolase. The leaf litter decomposition rate was 71% higher in the A-Cd treatment than that in the N-Cd treatment, indicating that the presence of ALAN weakened the negative impact of Cd on leaf litter decomposition. These results suggested that ALAN exposure mitigated the negative effect of Cd on leaf litter decomposition, contributing to the duel effect of ALAN on leaf litter decomposition. Overall, the results expand our understanding of ALAN on the environment and highlight the contribution of ALAN to Cd toxicity in aquatic ecosystems.
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Cuadra P, Guajardo J, Carrasco-Orellana C, Stappung Y, Fajardo V, Herrera R. Differential expression after UV-B radiation and characterization of chalcone synthase from the Patagonian hairgrass Deschampsia antarctica. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 169:112179. [PMID: 31669976 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Deschampsiaantarctica inhabits the maritime territory of Antarctica and South Patagonia. It grows under very harsh environmental conditions. The survival of this species in low freezing temperatures and under high levels of UV-B radiation may constitute some of the most remarkable adaptive plant responses and suggests that this plant possesses genes associated with cold and UV tolerance. Frequently, increased levels of flavonoids have been linked to highly UV-B irradiated plants. Studies examining the biosynthesis of flavonoids in D. antarctica may provide clues to its success in this extreme environment. In this study, we characterized the family of genes encoding chalcone synthase, a key enzyme of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. DaCHS was cloned, sequenced and characterized by using software tools. CHS contains two domains, the N-terminal domain ranges from amino acid 8 to 231 and the C-terminal domain ranges from amino acid 241 to 391. Sequence analysis of the three family members revealed a high degree of identity after comparison with other monocotyledons such as Oryza sativa L., Zea mays L. and Hordeum vulgare L. According to these results, DaCHS can be grouped together with H. vulgare CHS1 in the same branch. The phylogenetic tree was built using MEGA software and the neighbour join method with 1000 bootstrap replicates. A model of DaCHS was constructed by way of structural tools and key amino acid residues were identified at the active motif site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cuadra
- Universidad de Magallanes, Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, P.O. Box 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile.
| | - Joselin Guajardo
- Universidad de Talca, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, 2 norte 685, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Yazmina Stappung
- Universidad de Talca, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, 2 norte 685, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Víctor Fajardo
- Universidad de Magallanes, Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, P.O. Box 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Raúl Herrera
- Universidad de Talca, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, 2 norte 685, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile.
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Barley and spelt differ in leaf silicon content and other leaf traits. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00227-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Han X, Chang X, Zhang Z, Chen H, He H, Zhong B, Deng XW. Origin and Evolution of Core Components Responsible for Monitoring Light Environment Changes during Plant Terrestrialization. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:847-862. [PMID: 31009752 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Light serves as the source of energy as well as an information signal for photosynthetic plants. During evolution, plants have acquired the ability to monitor environmental light radiation and adjust their developmental patterns to optimally utilize light energy for photosynthesis. The mechanisms of light perception and signal transduction have been comprehensively studied in past decades, mostly in a few model plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana. However, systematic analyses of the origin and evolution of core components involved in light perception and signaling are still lacking. In this study, we took advantage of the recently sequenced genomes and transcriptomes covering all the main Archaeplastida clades in the public domain to identify orthologous genes of core components involved in light perception and signaling and to reconstruct their evolutionary history. Our analyses suggested that acclimation to different distribution of light quality in new environments led to the origination of specific light signaling pathways in plants. The UVR8 (UV Resistance Locus 8) signaling pathway originated during the movement of plants from the deeper sea to shallow water and enabled plants to deal with ultraviolet B light (UV-B). After acquisition of UV-B adaptation, origination of the phytochrome signaling pathway helped plants to colonize water surface where red light became the prominent light energy source. The seedling emergence pathway, which is mediated by a combination of light and phytohormone signals that orchestrate plant growth pattern transitions, originated before the emergence of seed plants. Although cryptochromes and some key components of E3 ubiquitin ligase systems already existed before the divergence of the plant and animal kingdoms, the coevolution and optimization of light perception and downstream signal transduction components, including key transcription factors and E3 ubiquitin ligase systems, are evident during plant terrestrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Haodong Chen
- School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hang He
- School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Bojian Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Artificial Light at Night Alleviates the Negative Effect of Pb on Freshwater Ecosystems. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061343. [PMID: 30884876 PMCID: PMC6471329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an increasing phenomenon worldwide that can cause a series of biological and ecological effects, yet little is known about its potential interaction with other stressors in aquatic ecosystems. Here, we tested whether the impact of lead (Pb) on litter decomposition was altered by ALAN exposure using an indoor microcosm experiment. The results showed that ALAN exposure alone significantly increased leaf litter decomposition, decreased the lignin content of leaf litter, and altered fungal community composition and structure. The decomposition rate was 51% higher in Pb with ALAN exposure treatments than in Pb without ALAN treatments, resulting in increased microbial biomass, β-glucosidase (β-G) activity, and the enhanced correlation between β-G and litter decomposition rate. These results indicate that the negative effect of Pb on leaf litter decomposition in aquatic ecosystems may be alleviated by ALAN. In addition, ALAN exposure also alters the correlation among fungi associated with leaf litter decomposition. In summary, this study expands our understanding of Pb toxicity on litter decomposition in freshwater ecosystems and highlights the importance of considering ALAN when assessing environmental metal pollutions.
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Pathak J, Ahmed H, Rajneesh, Singh SP, Häder DP, Sinha RP. Genetic regulation of scytonemin and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) biosynthesis in cyanobacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2019.100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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de Ramos B, da Costa GB, Ramlov F, Maraschin M, Horta PA, Figueroa FL, Korbee N, Bonomi-Barufi J. Ecophysiological implications of UV radiation in the interspecific interaction of Pyropia acanthophora and Grateloupia turuturu (Rhodophyta). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 144:36-45. [PMID: 30527748 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Radiation, both photosynthetic active radiation (PAR, l = 400-700 nm) and Ultraviolet (UVR, l = 280-400 nm) is one of the key factors regulating algal distribution in aquatic environments. Pyropia acanthophora and Grateloupia turuturu have been found over upper rocky shore areas in Southern Brazil, occupying the same niche space. The first species is native and the second one is exotic and considered a potential invader of South Atlantic. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of radiation on physiological responses of both species and infer mechanisms that allow their niche competition in the environment. Samples were cultured in the following conditions: associated or separated, and with an addition of PAR, PAR + UVA (PA) and PAR + UVA + UVB (PAB), totalizing six factorial treatments during 5 days of exposure. Photosynthetic responses of Fv/Fm and ETR were daily evaluated. At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, samples were analyzed for pigment content (chlorophyll a and phycobiliproteins), and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), while oxygen evolution was evaluated at the end of the experiment. As the main results, G. turuturu died when cultivated in PAB conditions. P. acanthophora presented higher amounts of chlorophyll a than G. turuturu during the whole experiment. Phycoerythrin and Fv/Fm remained constant in P. acanthophora but diminished for G. turuturu in UV treatments. ETR was higher for samples that were cultivated in associative treatment. The presence of G. turuturu in the same flask enhanced MAA synthesis in P. acanthophora, regardless of radiation condition. In addition, UV radiation can be a factor controlling species distribution and could counteract the spreading of invasive species, like G. turuturu, allowing P. acanthophora survival in upper rocky shore zones of the natural ecological distribution area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna de Ramos
- Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Giulia Burle da Costa
- Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ramlov
- Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Maraschin
- Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Paulo Antunes Horta
- Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Félix L Figueroa
- Ecology and Geology Department, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, S/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Nathalie Korbee
- Ecology and Geology Department, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, S/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Bonomi-Barufi
- Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Fonseca S, Rubio V. Arabidopsis CRL4 Complexes: Surveying Chromatin States and Gene Expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1095. [PMID: 31608079 PMCID: PMC6761389 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
CULLIN4 (CUL4) RING ligase (CRL4) complexes contain a CUL4 scaffold protein, associated to RBX1 and to DDB1 proteins and have traditionally been associated to protein degradation events. Through DDB1, these complexes can associate with numerous DCAF proteins, which directly interact with specific targets promoting their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. A characteristic feature of the majority of DCAF proteins that associate with DDB1 is the presence of the DWD motif. DWD-containing proteins sum up to 85 in the plant model species Arabidopsis. In the last decade, numerous Arabidopsis DWD proteins have been studied and their molecular functions uncovered. Independently of whether their association with CRL4 has been confirmed or not, DWD proteins are often found as components of additional multimeric protein complexes that play key roles in essential nuclear events. For most of them, the significance of their complex partnership is still unexplored. Here, we summarize recent findings involving both confirmed and putative CRL4-associated DCAF proteins in regulating nuclei architecture remodelling, DNA damage repair, histone post-translational modification, mRNA processing and export, and ribosome biogenesis, that definitely have an impact in gene expression and de novo protein synthesis. We hypothesized that, by maintaining accurate levels of regulatory proteins through targeted degradation and transcriptional control, CRL4 complexes help to surveil nuclear processes essential for plant development and survival.
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Kosugi M, Maruo F, Inoue T, Kurosawa N, Kawamata A, Koike H, Kamei Y, Kudoh S, Imura S. A comparative study of wavelength-dependent photoinactivation in photosystem II of drought-tolerant photosynthetic organisms in Antarctica and the potential risks of photoinhibition in the habitat. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:1263-1278. [PMID: 30052754 PMCID: PMC6324753 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS All photosynthetic organisms are faced with photoinhibition, which would lead to death in severe environments. Because light quality and light intensity fluctuate dynamically in natural microenvironments, quantitative and qualitative analysis of photoinhibition is important to clarify how this environmental pressure has impacted ecological behaviour in different organisms. METHODS We evaluated the wavelength dependency of photoinactivation to photosystem II (PSII) of Prasiola crispa (green alga), Umbilicaria decussata (lichen) and Ceratodon purpureus (bryophyte) harvested from East Antarctica. For evaluation, we calculated reaction coefficients, Epis, of PSII photoinactivation against energy dose using a large spectrograph. Daily fluctuation of the rate coefficient of photoinactivation, kpi, was estimated from Epis and ambient light spectra measured during the summer season. KEY RESULTS Wavelength dependency of PSII photoinactivation was different for the three species, although they form colonies in close proximity to each other in Antarctica. The lichen exhibited substantial resistance to photoinactivation at all wavelengths, while the bryophyte showed sensitivity only to UV-B light (<325 nm). On the other hand, the green alga, P. crispa, showed ten times higher Epi to UV-B light than the bryophyte. It was much more sensitive to UV-A (325-400 nm). The risk of photoinhibition fluctuated considerably throughout the day. On the other hand, Epis were reduced dramatically for dehydrated compared with hydrated P. crispa. CONCLUSIONS The deduced rate coefficients of photoinactivation under ambient sunlight suggested that P. crispa needs to pay a greater cost to recover from photodamage than the lichen or the bryophyte in order to keep sufficient photosynthetic activity under the Antarctic habitat. A newly identified drought-induced protection mechanism appears to operate in P. crispa, and it plays a critical role in preventing the oxygen-evolving complex from photoinactivation when the repair cycle is inhibited by dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Kosugi
- National Institute of Polar Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- For correspondence. E-mail:
| | - Fumino Maruo
- Department of Polar Science, School of Multidisciplinary Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Polar Science, School of Multidisciplinary Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Kurosawa
- Department of Science and Engineering for Sustainable Innovation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Kawamata
- Nature Research Group, Ehime Prefectural Science Museum, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koike
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Sakae Kudoh
- National Institute of Polar Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Polar Science, School of Multidisciplinary Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imura
- National Institute of Polar Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Polar Science, School of Multidisciplinary Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
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O'Neal SW, Hoover AM. Comparison of UVB effects on growth and induction of UVB screening compounds in isolates of metaphytic algae from temperate zone streams and ponds. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2018; 54:818-828. [PMID: 30229900 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Filaments in the surface layers of metaphytic mats are exposed to high photon flux densities of PAR and UVBR. We investigated the effect of UVBR exposure on growth of eight isolates of common metaphytic algae (Cladophora, Mougeotia, Oedogonium, Pithophora, Spirogyra, and Zygnema) acclimated to either high or low PAR levels prior to UVBR exposure. All isolates acclimated to low PAR exhibited significant reductions in growth rate caused by the UVBR exposure (P < 0.05). Acclimation to high PAR resulted in seven of the isolates being more tolerant of the UVB exposure. The two Zygnema isolates exhibited the most pronounced effect of high PAR acclimation with growth rates of UVB exposed treatments being equal to that of controls (P > 0.05). High PAR acclimation also protected chlorophyll a levels in the Zygnema isolates. Absorption of UVB by methanol extracts increased 322%-381% for the two Zygnema isolates when high PAR acclimated. The broad absorption peak at 270 nm suggests that phenolic compounds were responsible. Previous studies have shown that Zygnema isolates from extreme environments tolerate UVBR and contain UVB screening compounds, but our results extend these adaptions to Zygnema from typical temperate zone habitats. Although none of the other metaphytic algae produced UVB absorbing compounds, they all exhibited higher growth rates under UVBR exposure following high PAR acclimation. This suggests that the algae evaluated have inducible defenses against UVBR exposure that coupled with their mat structure would provide an adaption to the challenging light environment in shallow-water habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W O'Neal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, Oklahoma, 73096, USA
| | - Angie M Hoover
- Division of Coastal Sciences Study, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, Mississippi, 39564, USA
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Clayton WA, Albert NW, Thrimawithana AH, McGhie TK, Deroles SC, Schwinn KE, Warren BA, McLachlan ARG, Bowman JL, Jordan BR, Davies KM. UVR8-mediated induction of flavonoid biosynthesis for UVB tolerance is conserved between the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha and flowering plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:503-517. [PMID: 30044520 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Damaging UVB radiation is a major abiotic stress facing land plants. In angiosperms the UV RESISTANCE LOCUS8 (UVR8) photoreceptor coordinates UVB responses, including inducing biosynthesis of protective flavonoids. We characterised the UVB responses of Marchantia polymorpha (marchantia), the model species for the liverwort group of basal plants. Physiological, chemical and transcriptomic analyses were conducted on wild-type marchantia exposed to three different UVB regimes. CRISPR/Cas9 was used to obtain plant lines with mutations for components of the UVB signal pathway or the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, and transgenics overexpressing the marchantia UVR8 sequence were generated. The mutant and transgenic lines were analysed for changes in flavonoid content, their response to UVB exposure, and transcript abundance of a set of 48 genes that included components of the UVB response pathway characterised for angiosperms. The marchantia UVB response included many components in common with Arabidopsis, including production of UVB-absorbing flavonoids, the central activator role of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), and negative feedback regulation by REPRESSOR OF UV-B PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS1 (RUP1). Notable differences included the greater importance of CHALCONE ISOMERASE-LIKE (CHIL). Mutants disrupted in the response pathway (hy5) or flavonoid production (chalcone isomerase, chil) were more easily damaged by UVB. Mutants (rup1) or transgenics (35S:MpMYB14) with increased flavonoid content had increased UVB tolerance. The results suggest that UVR8-mediated flavonoid induction is a UVB tolerance character conserved across land plants and may have been an early adaptation to life on land.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Clayton
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Nick W Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Amali H Thrimawithana
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tony K McGhie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Simon C Deroles
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Kathy E Schwinn
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Ben A Warren
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew R G McLachlan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - John L Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Brian R Jordan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Kevin M Davies
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
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Borisjuk N, Peterson AA, Lv J, Qu G, Luo Q, Shi L, Chen G, Kishchenko O, Zhou Y, Shi J. Structural and Biochemical Properties of Duckweed Surface Cuticle. Front Chem 2018; 6:317. [PMID: 30094233 PMCID: PMC6070633 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant cuticle, which consists of cutin and waxes, forms a hydrophobic coating covering the aerial surfaces of all plants. It acts as an interface between plants and their surrounding environment whilst also protecting them against biotic and abiotic stresses. In this research, we have investigated the biodiversity and cuticle properties of aquatic plant duckweed, using samples isolated from four different locations around Hongze lake in Jiangsu province, China. The samples were genotyped using two chloroplast markers and nuclear ribosomal DNA markers, which revealed them as ecotypes of the larger duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza. Duckweed cuticle properties were investigated by compositional analysis using Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID), and ultrastructural observation by cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy (cryo-SEM). Cuticle compositional analysis indicated that fatty acids and primary alcohols, the two typical constituents found in many land plant cuticle, are the major duckweed wax components. A large portion of the duckweed wax fraction is composed of phytosterols, represented by campesterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol and their common precursor squalene. The cryo-SEM observation uncovered significant differences between the surface structures of the top air-facing and bottom water-facing sides of the plant fronds. The top side of the fronds, containing multiple stomata complexes, appeared to be represented by a rather flat waxy film sporadically covered with wax crystals. Underneath the waxy film was detected a barely distinguished nanoridge net, which became distinctly noticeable after chloroform treatment. On the bottom side of the fronds, the large epidermal cells were covered by the well-structured net, whose sections became narrower and sharper under cryo-SEM following chloroform treatment. These structural differences between the abaxial and adaxial sides of the fronds evidently relate to their distinct physiological roles in interacting with the contrasting environments of sunlight/air and nutrients/water. The unique structural and biochemical features of Spirodela frond surfaces with their rapid reproductive cycle and readily availability genome sequence, make duckweed an attractive monocot model for studying the fundamental processes related to plant protection against ultraviolet irradiation, pathogens and other environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Borisjuk
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Anton A. Peterson
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Jiyang Lv
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guorun Qu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guimin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Olena Kishchenko
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Jaiswal SK, Prakash R, Skalny AV, Skalnaya MG, Grabeklis AR, Skalnaya AA, Tinkov AA, Zhang F, Guo X, Prakash NT. Synergistic effect of selenium and UV-B radiation in enhancing antioxidant level of wheatgrass grown from selenium rich wheat. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit K. Jaiswal
- School of Energy and Environment & School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Thapar University; Patiala 147004 India
| | - Ranjana Prakash
- School of Energy and Environment & School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Thapar University; Patiala 147004 India
| | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- Trace Element Institute (UNESCO); Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St., 14; Yaroslavl 150000 Russia
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6; Moscow 105064 Russia
- Department of Personalized Medicine; Orenburg State University, Pobedy Ave. 13; Orenburg 460352 Russia
- Director; Trace Element Institute for UNESCO; Lyon France
| | - Margarita G. Skalnaya
- Trace Element Institute (UNESCO); Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St., 14; Yaroslavl 150000 Russia
| | - Andrei R. Grabeklis
- Trace Element Institute (UNESCO); Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St., 14; Yaroslavl 150000 Russia
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6; Moscow 105064 Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Skalnaya
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Orenburg State Medical University, Sovetskaya St. 6; Orenburg 460000 Russia
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Trace Element Institute (UNESCO); Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St., 14; Yaroslavl 150000 Russia
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6; Moscow 105064 Russia
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Orenburg State Medical University, Sovetskaya St. 6; Orenburg 460000 Russia
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710000 People's Republic of China
| | - N. Tejo Prakash
- School of Energy and Environment & School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Thapar University; Patiala 147004 India
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Shang J, Hu B, Wang J, Zhu F, Kang Y, Li D, Sun H, Kong DX, Hou T. Cheminformatic Insight into the Differences between Terrestrial and Marine Originated Natural Products. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:1182-1193. [PMID: 29792805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This is a new golden age for drug discovery based on natural products derived from both marine and terrestrial sources. Herein, a straightforward but important question is "what are the major structural differences between marine natural products (MNPs) and terrestrial natural products (TNPs)?" To answer this question, we analyzed the important physicochemical properties, structural features, and drug-likeness of the two types of natural products and discussed their differences from the perspective of evolution. In general, MNPs have lower solubility and are often larger than TNPs. On average, particularly from the perspective of unique fragments and scaffolds, MNPs usually possess more long chains and large rings, especially 8- to 10-membered rings. MNPs also have more nitrogen atoms and halogens, notably bromines, and fewer oxygen atoms, suggesting that MNPs may be synthesized by more diverse biosynthetic pathways than TNPs. Analysis of the frequently occurring Murcko frameworks in MNPs and TNPS also reveals a striking difference between MNPs and TNPs. The scaffolds of the former tend to be longer and often contain ester bonds connected to 10-membered rings, while the scaffolds of the latter tend to be shorter and often bear more stable ring systems and bond types. Besides, the prediction from the naïve Bayesian drug-likeness classification model suggests that most compounds in MNPs and TNPs are drug-like, although MNPs are slightly more drug-like than TNPs. We believe that MNPs and TNPs with novel drug-like scaffolds have great potential to be drug leads or drug candidates in drug discovery campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Agricultural Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China.,State Key Lab of CAD&CG , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , China
| | - Ben Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Agricultural Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Junmei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , China
| | - Yu Kang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , China
| | - Huiyong Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , China
| | - De-Xin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Agricultural Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , China.,State Key Lab of CAD&CG , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , China
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48
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Moorhouse HL, Read DS, McGowan S, Wagner M, Roberts C, Armstrong LK, Nicholls DJE, Wickham HD, Hutchins MG, Bowes MJ. Characterisation of a major phytoplankton bloom in the River Thames (UK) using flow cytometry and high performance liquid chromatography. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:366-376. [PMID: 29258037 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent river studies have observed rapid phytoplankton dynamics, driven by diurnal cycling and short-term responses to storm events, highlighting the need to adopt new high-frequency characterisation methods to understand these complex ecological systems. This study utilised two such analytical methods; pigment analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and cell counting by flow cytometry (FCM), alongside traditional chlorophyll spectrophotometry and light microscopy screening, to characterise the major phytoplankton bloom of 2015 in the River Thames, UK. All analytical techniques observed a rapid increase in chlorophyll a concentration and cell abundances from March to early June, caused primarily by a diatom bloom. Light microscopy identified a shift from pennate to centric diatoms during this period. The initial diatom bloom coincided with increased HPLC peridinin concentrations, indicating the presence of dinoflagellates which were likely to be consuming the diatom population. The diatom bloom declined rapidly in early June, coinciding with a storm event. There were low chlorophyll a concentrations (by both HPLC and spectrophotometric methods) throughout July and August, implying low biomass and phytoplankton activity. However, FCM revealed high abundances of pico-chlorophytes and cyanobacteria through July and August, showing that phytoplankton communities remain active and abundant throughout the summer period. In combination, these techniques are able to simultaneously characterise a wider range of phytoplankton groups, with greater certainty, and provide improved understanding of phytoplankton functioning (e.g. production of UV inhibiting pigments by cyanobacteria in response to high light levels) and ecological status (through examination of pigment degradation products). Combined HPLC and FCM analyses offer rapid and cost-effective characterisation of phytoplankton communities at appropriate timescales. This will allow a more-targeted use of light microscopy to capture phytoplankton peaks or to investigate periods of rapid community succession. This will lead to greater system understanding of phytoplankton succession in response to biogeochemical drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Moorhouse
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, United Kingdom; Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - D S Read
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - S McGowan
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - M Wagner
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - C Roberts
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - L K Armstrong
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - D J E Nicholls
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - H D Wickham
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - M G Hutchins
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - M J Bowes
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, United Kingdom.
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49
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Ultraviolet B induced bioactive changes of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and lipids in Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fenugreek). EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2018-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UV) altered plant metabolism. Hence Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fenugreek) exposed to UV-B radiation for studying the bioactive changes that may be useful in captive farming. UV-B treatment altered plant growth, and extent of alterations depended on the duration of radiation treatment. Photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased after radiation exposure. But bioactive components such as anthocyanin, flavonoids, and phenolics increased after UV-B treatment. Phenylalanine lyase enzyme activity and peroxidase activity also increased with 4.0 hr UV-B exposure even though 8.0 hr exposure decreased the activity of these enzymes. Total lipid content of the plants increased after UV-B exposure. Changes in aromatic oil composition observed due to UV-B exposure, and the changes pointed shifting of plant metabolism towards the synthesis of short chain fatty acid contain lipids and non-enzymatic antioxidants.
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50
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Schmitz C, Ramlov F, de Lucena LAF, Uarrota V, Batista MB, Sissini MN, Oliveira I, Briani B, Martins CDL, Nunes JMDC, Rörig L, Horta PA, Figueroa FL, Korbee N, Maraschin M, Bonomi-Barufi J. UVR and PAR absorbing compounds of marine brown macroalgae along a latitudinal gradient of the Brazilian coast. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2018; 178:165-174. [PMID: 29154200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Absorption spectra are indicative of biological sample chemical composition and can be used as a basis for the construction of descriptive and predictive models for biotechnological screening or assays. In marine algae, chemical composition can vary due to species-specific differences in biochemistry, as well as intra-specific responses to unique environmental variables. Different indices (UVCi, UVB+Ai and PARi) were proposed and calculated to evaluate how photoprotective compounds vary in 18 species of Phaeophyceae. In addition, they were correlated to abiotic factors. Through this technique, seven main peaks were detected in the absorbing spectra of marine brown algal extracts. The highest photoprotective indices values were found in species collected in tropical areas, where higher solar radiation is observed compared to the southern Brazilian coast. Considering additional abiotic factors, water temperature and nitrate concentration were negatively correlated with UV indices. PARi's indices were positively affected by nitrate. All species collected on the Brazilian coast have absorption peaks in the region of phenolic compounds and carotenoids, suggesting that tropical marine brown macroalgae may have developed an effective antioxidant defense system, suggesting adaptation to environments characterized by high solar radiation. UVR/PAR indices congregated essential information to possible future biotechnological screening, facilitating selection of high priority species or sites, fostering actions to enhance alternative sustainable management strategies of coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Schmitz
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Ramlov
- Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Virgilio Uarrota
- Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Manuela Bernardes Batista
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marina Nasri Sissini
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Iara Oliveira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botânica, Rua Barão de Geremoabo s/n - Campus de Ondina Laboratório de Algas Marinhas (LAMAR), Ondina.Salvador, Brazil
| | - Bruno Briani
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Cintia D L Martins
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - José Marcos de Castro Nunes
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botânica, Rua Barão de Geremoabo s/n - Campus de Ondina Laboratório de Algas Marinhas (LAMAR), Ondina.Salvador, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Rörig
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Paulo Antunes Horta
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Félix L Figueroa
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitário de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, Spain
| | - Nathalie Korbee
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitário de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, Spain
| | - Marcelo Maraschin
- Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - José Bonomi-Barufi
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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