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Clifton RL, Carson I, Dir AL, Tu W, Zapolski TCB, Aalsma MC. Who gets screened and who tests positive? Drug screening among justice-involved youth in a midwestern urban county. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2024; 12:13. [PMID: 38578372 PMCID: PMC10997690 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00273-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given high rates of substance use among justice-involved youth, justice systems have attempted to monitor use through drug screening (DS) procedures. However, there is discretion in deciding who is screened for substance use, as not every youth who encounters the system is screened. The aim of the current study was to examine factors associated with selection for and results of oral DS among justice-involved youth assigned to probation to better inform potential DS policy. Electronic court records from 4,668 youth with first-incident records assigned to probation in a midwestern urban county's juvenile justice system between 2011 and 2016 were included in the analytical sample. Race/ethnicity, gender, age, number of charges and charge type for the current incident were included as independent variables. RESULTS Multivariable hierarchical logistic regression analyses indicated that males were more likely to be assigned to DS (aOR = 0.40, 95%CI [0.34, 0.46]), and more likely to test positive for use (aOR = 0.43, 95% CI [0.34, 0.54]) than females. As age increased, youth were less likely to be assigned to DS (aOR = 0.91, 95% CI [0.87, 0.94]), with non-significant differences in DS results. Greater number of charges were associated with a higher likelihood of being assigned to DS (aOR = 1.55, 95% CI [1.43, 1.68]). Youth with violent offenses were more likely to be assigned to DS than those with other offense types (property offenses, drug offenses, statutory offenses, disorderly conduct, and all other offenses), but less likely to test positive for use. CONCLUSIONS Many factors were associated with differences in DS, but these factors were not always associated with differential DS results. Demographic or charge-based decisions may not be appropriate for DS assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richelle L Clifton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian Carson
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford St., LD 124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Allyson L Dir
- Department of Psychiatry, Adolescent Behavioral Health Research Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Wanzhu Tu
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tamika C B Zapolski
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford St., LD 124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Adolescent Behavioral Health Research Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew C Aalsma
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Adolescent Medicine, Adolescent Behavioral Health Research Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Capaldi DM, Tiberio SS, Kerr DCR, Owen LD. The Co-Occurrence of Conduct Problems and Depressive Symptoms From Childhood to Adulthood for Men: Stability Over Time and Prediction to Substance Use. Subst Abuse 2023; 17:11782218231204776. [PMID: 37854876 PMCID: PMC10580731 DOI: 10.1177/11782218231204776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The dual pathway hypothesis of risk for substance use was tested by examining risk from symptoms of conduct problems and depressive symptoms in adolescence (from ages 10-11 to 17-18 years) to substance use-including tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, and other illicit drugs-in both early adulthood (approximately from ages 20 to 29 years) and middle adulthood (approximately from ages 29 to 38 years). Hypotheses were tested on a sample of boys who were at risk for conduct problems by virtue of the neighborhoods where they lived in childhood (the Oregon Youth Study; N = 206 at Wave 1). Dual-trajectory modeling (Latent Class Analysis) resulted in a 3-group solution of high, moderate, and low co-occurring symptoms. The latent class of boys with co-occurring symptoms in adolescence showed higher levels of substance use in adulthood; namely, higher levels of cannabis and illicit substance use during early adulthood compared to either of the moderate or low symptom classes, and higher use of cannabis in midadulthood than the low symptom class. Those with co-occurring symptoms also showed, overall, higher vulnerability to use of tobacco in these 2 periods, but not to higher use of alcohol. Regression analyses indicated that the higher substance use of the co-occur group of men was related to their adolescent conduct problems, but was not related to their adolescent depressive symptoms; however, these associations were nonsignificant when adolescent use of the respective substances were included in the models. Thus, the dual-trajectory hypothesis was not supported. However, the findings indicated that, as assessed in the present study, the psychopathology symptoms of boys with conduct problems in adolescence who show risk for later substance use may be complex, involving depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lee D Owen
- Oregon Social Learning Center, Eugene, OR, USA
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3
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Alley ZM, Kerr DCR, Wilson JP, Rule NO. Relating Facial Trustworthiness to Antisocial Behavior in Adolescent and Adult Men. JOURNAL OF NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 47:385-402. [PMID: 38855115 PMCID: PMC11160970 DOI: 10.1007/s10919-023-00432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Here, we investigate how facial trustworthiness-a socially influential appearance variable-interrelates with antisocial behavior across adolescence and middle adulthood. Specifically, adolescents who look untrustworthy may be treated with suspicion, leading to antisocial behavior through expectancy effects. Alternatively, early antisocial behaviors may promote an untrustworthy appearance over time (Dorian Gray effect). We tested these expectancy and Dorian Gray effects in a longitudinal study that followed 206 at-risk boys (90% White) from ages 13-38 years. Parallel process piecewise growth models indicated that facial trustworthiness (assessed from photographs taken prospectively) declined during adolescence and then stabilized in adulthood. Consistent with expectancy effects, initial levels of facial trustworthiness were positively related to increases in antisocial behavior during adolescence and also during adulthood. Additionally, higher initial levels of antisocial behavior predicted relative decreases in facial trustworthiness across adolescence. Adolescent boys' facial appearance may therefore both encourage and reflect antisocial behavior over time.
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Elison-Davies S, Newsome J, Jones A, Davies G, Ward J. Associations between psychosocial risk factors, and changes in substance dependence and psychosocial functioning, during engagement with digital cognitive behavioral therapy for methamphetamine use: use of 'Breaking Free from Substance Abuse' by incarcerated people during the COVID-19 pandemic. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2022; 10:28. [PMID: 36070026 PMCID: PMC9449936 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-022-00190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine use can be associated with involvement with correctional services and incarceration. Traditionally, treatments for methamphetamine use have been delivered in-person - however, lockdowns initiated during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced access to such in-person support in prisons. Therefore, in May 2020 a digital cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) program for substance use disorders - 'Breaking Free from Substance Abuse' - was made available across prisons in Ohio in order to meet this treatment gap. This represents the first time this digital CBT intervention has been made widely available to incarcerated people residing in prisons or jails in the United States (US). This was a within-subjects study using data from 2187 Ohio prison residents who engaged with this digital CBT program to address their methamphetamine use. RESULTS Participants reported multiple psychosocial risk factors, including moderate to severe substance dependence, depression and anxiety; interpersonal conflict; aggressive behavior; paranoia; and difficulties with work, education and accommodation. Significant reductions in substance dependence, depression/anxiety and biopsychosocial impairment, and improvements in quality of life, were identified in the sample. Risk factors were associated with less positive outcomes, specifically interpersonal conflict and poor mental health. Completion of specific components of the program were associated with more positive outcomes - a dose response was also identified. CONCLUSIONS Digital CBT can be delivered in secure US correctional settings and may help to fill unmet needs for in-person treatment. Specifically, this digital CBT program may support incarcerated individuals to address methamphetamine use, with outcomes being associated with psychosocial risk factors and program engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Jones
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Glyn Davies
- LifeWorks, Manchester Science Park, Manchester, UK
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Gaule A, Bevilacqua L, Molleman L, Roberts R, van Duijvenvoorde AC, van den Bos W, McCrory EJ, Viding E. Social information use in adolescents with conduct problems and varying levels of callous-unemotional traits. JCPP ADVANCES 2022; 2:e12067. [PMID: 37431497 PMCID: PMC10242950 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescents with conduct problems (CP) are characterised by difficulties with social relationships and display atypical social cognition, such as when interpreting emotional expressions or engaging in social problem-solving. One important aspect of social cognition that warrants investigation is the degree to which these adolescents factor others' views into their already held beliefs, and strategies used to do so. Effective social information use enables attunement to social environment, cooperation, and social problem-solving. Difficulties in this regard could contribute to problems in social interactions in adolescents with CP, and may vary with adolescents' high (CP/HCU) versus low levels of callous-unemotional traits (CP/LCU). Methods We compared social information use in boys (11-16 years) with CP/HCU (n = 32), CP/LCU (n = 31) and typically developing (TD) peers (n = 45), matched for IQ. Participants provided estimates of numbers of animals on a screen, saw another adolescent's estimate, and could adjust their initial estimate. We compared two aspects of social information use: (1) degree of adjustment of initial estimate towards another's estimate and (2) strategy use when adjusting estimates. Results Degree of adjustment towards another's estimate did not vary across groups, but strategy use did. Adolescents with CP/LCU compromised less following social information than TD peers. Conclusions Findings suggest that while adolescents with CP are able to take social information into account, those with CP/LCU use this information in a way that differs from other groups and could be less efficient. This warrants further systematic investigation as it could represent a target for behaviour management strategies. Overall, this study highlights the need for more research delineating the social-cognitive profile of adolescents with CP/LCU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gaule
- Division of Psychology and Language SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Leonardo Bevilacqua
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of EducationUCL, London, UK
| | - Lucas Molleman
- Amsterdam Brain and CognitionUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Developmental PsychologyUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Social PsychologyTilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth Roberts
- Division of Psychology and Language SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Anna C. van Duijvenvoorde
- Department of Developmental and Educational PsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Wouter van den Bos
- Amsterdam Brain and CognitionUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Developmental PsychologyUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eamon J. McCrory
- Division of Psychology and Language SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Essi Viding
- Division of Psychology and Language SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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6
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Myburgh JE, Olver ME. A cluster analytic examination and validation of adult victim sexual offending subtypes in two Canadian samples. SEXUAL OFFENDING 2021. [DOI: 10.5964/sotrap.3741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and validation of sexual offense perpetrator typologies remains a useful endeavor with implications for theory and correctional/clinical practice. Most such typologies—which rely on factors such as the individual’s motivation for offending—have not been validated empirically. The current study utilized a validated sexual violence risk-needs instrument, the Violence Risk Scale—Sexual Offense version (VRS-SO; Wong, Olver, Nicholaichuk, & Gordon [2003, 2017], Regional Psychiatric Centre and University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada), to develop and validate an empirically-derived adult victim sexual offense (AVSO) typology through model-based cluster analysis of dynamic risk-need domains. The study featured two treated samples of men (n = 283 and 169) convicted for contact sexual offenses against adult victims. A three-cluster solution was identified and replicated across the two samples: high antisociality high deviance (HA-HD), high antisociality low deviance (HA-LD), and low antisociality low deviance (LA-LD). External validation analyses demonstrated that HA-HD men had more dense sexual offense histories, were more likely to be diagnosed with a paraphilia, and had the highest rates of sexual recidivism (Sample 2 only). By contrast, the HA-LD men had greater concerns on indexes of nonsexual criminality, particularly high base rates of antisocial personality and substance use disorders, and high rates of general violent recidivism (particularly Sample 1). The findings suggest that the VRS-SO factors may have utility in discriminating between AVSO types to inform sexual offending theory, case formulation, and risk management.
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Elam KK, Mun CJ, Kutzner J, Ha T. Polygenic Risk for Aggression Predicts Adult Substance Use Disorder Diagnoses via Substance Use Offending in Emerging Adulthood and is Moderated by a Family-Centered Intervention. Behav Genet 2021; 51:607-618. [PMID: 34117582 PMCID: PMC8404142 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-021-10070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A substance use offense reflects an encounter with law enforcement and the court system in response to breaking the law which may increase risk for substance use problems later in life. Individuals may also be at risk for substance use offending and substance use problems based on genetic predisposition. We examined a mediation model in which polygenic risk for aggression predicted adult substance use disorder diagnoses (SUD) via substance use offending in emerging adulthood. In addition, we explored for potential attenuation of genetic influences on these outcomes by a family-based intervention, the Family Check-Up (FCU). Secondary data analyses based upon the Project Alliance 1 sample was conducted among those with genetic data (n = 631; 322 from control and 309 from FCU intervention). The sample was ethnically diverse (30% African American, 44% European American, 6% Latinx, 4% Asian American, 3% Native American, and 13% Other). Greater polygenic risk for aggression was found to increase risk for substance use violations (age 19-23), which in turn was associated with greater likelihood of being diagnosed with SUD at age 27. A gene-by-intervention effect was found in which individuals in the control group had greater risk for SUD with increasing polygenic risk for aggression. Some convergence in results was found when replicating analyses in African American and European American subgroups. Results imply that genetic predisposition may increase risk for problematic substance use later in life via antisocial behavior, such as substance use offending, and that this can be attenuated by a family-centered intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit K Elam
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University, 1025 E. 7th St., Suite 116, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Chung Jung Mun
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Jodi Kutzner
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University, 1025 E. 7th St., Suite 116, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Thao Ha
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
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Valuri GM, Morgan F, Ferrante A, Jablensky A, Morgan VA. A comparison of trajectories of offending among people with psychotic disorders, other mental disorders and no mental disorders: Evidence from a whole-of-population birth cohort study. CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH : CBMH 2021; 31:231-247. [PMID: 34142389 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trajectory analysis has been used to study long-term offending patterns and identify offender subgroups, but few such studies have included people with psychotic disorders (PDs) and these have been restricted to adult offenders. AIMS To compare offending trajectories among 10-26-year-olds with PDs with those with other mental disorders (OMDs) or none (NMD) and identify associated risk factors. METHODS This is a record-linkage study of 184,147 people born in Western Australia (WA) 1983-1991, drawing on data from WA mental health information system, WA corrective services and other state-wide registers. Group-based trajectory modelling was used to identify offending trajectories. RESULTS Four offender groups were identified in each mental health status group: G1-no/negligible offending; G2-early onset, adolescent, desisting by age 18; G3-early onset, low rate, offending into early adulthood; and G4-very early onset, high rate, peaking at age 17, continuing into early adulthood. The PDs group had the lowest proportion of individuals with no or negligible offending histories-84% compared with 88.5% in the OMDs group and 96.6% in the no mental disorder group. Within mental health status offender groups, the PDs group was characterised by early or very early onset offending persisting into adulthood, accounting for 5.4% and 3.7% of the group respectively (OMD: 3.8%, 1.5%; NMD: 1.0%, 0.5%). Gender, indigenous status, substance use problems, childhood abuse and parental offending were generally associated with trajectory group membership, although among those with PDs childhood abuse and parental offending were only significant in the early onset-life-course-persistent group. CONCLUSIONS While most people with PDs never offend, some are disproportionately vulnerable from a particularly early age. If the offending subgroup is to be helped away from criminal justice involvement, interventions must be considered in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulietta Maria Valuri
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences-Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Frank Morgan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences-School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anna Ferrante
- Faculty of Health Sciences-Health Research and Data Analytics Hub/Centre for Data Linkage, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Assen Jablensky
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences-Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vera A Morgan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences-Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Bosk EA, Anthony WL, Folk JB, Williams-Butler A. All in the family: parental substance misuse, harsh parenting, and youth substance misuse among juvenile justice-involved youth. Addict Behav 2021; 119:106888. [PMID: 33798920 PMCID: PMC10032473 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Research consistently connects parental and youth substance misuse, yet less is known about the mechanisms driving this association among justice-involved youth. We examine whether harsh parenting is an explanatory mechanism for the association between parental substance use and parental mental health and youth substance use disorder in a sample of justice-involved youth. METHODS Data were drawn from the Northwestern Juvenile Project, a large-scale longitudinal survey of mental health and substance misuse in a representative sample of youth in juvenile detention. Harsh parenting, child maltreatment, youth alcohol and cannabis use disorder, and parental substance misuse and mental health were assessed among 1,825 detained youth (35.95% female) at baseline, three-year follow-up, and four-year follow-up. RESULTS At baseline, over 80% of youth used alcohol and/or cannabis; at the four-year follow-up, 16.35% and 19.69% of the youth were diagnosed with alcohol and cannabis use disorder, respectively. More than 20% of youth reported their parent misused substances and 6.11% reported a parent had a severe mental health need. Black youth experienced significantly fewer types of harsh parenting compared to White youth. Multivariate path analyses revealed harsh parenting mediated the association between parental substance misuse and mental health on youth alcohol and cannabis use disorder. Harsh parenting that does not rise to the level of child maltreatment mediated the association between parental substance misuse and mental health on youth alcohol use disorder; in contrast, child maltreatment did not mediate these associations. Multigroup analyses revealed the effect of harsh parenting on youth alcohol and cannabis use disorder did not vary across sex or race-ethnic subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Harsh parenting represents one mechanism for the intergenerational continuity of alcohol and cannabis misuse and should be regularly assessed for and addressed in juvenile justice settings.
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Kuettel BT. Examining the Coevolution of Drug Use Variety and Different Types of Offending Frequency Among Justice-Involved Adolescents. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/00220426211002261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Past research demonstrates a strong link between drug use and crime among justice-involved adolescents, yet little is known about the joint development between drug use variety and various types of criminal offending frequencies from adolescence to young adulthood. Using a sample of male adolescent offenders ( N = 842), this article examines the coevolution of drug use variety and three separate types of offending frequencies. First, four group-based trajectory models identify unique group developmental patterns for drug use variety, drug sales offending, property offending, and violent offending. Next, three dual-trajectory models examine the coevolution between drug use variety and each type of criminal offending. Findings reveal a general pattern of desistance for both drug use and offending, while also illustrating notable variability in group trajectory patterns for drug use variety and criminal behavior. This article concludes that adolescents with elevated drug use variety make up a large proportion of frequent offenders.
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11
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Mezquita L, Bravo AJ, Pilatti A, Ortet G, Ibáñez MI. Preliminary validity and reliability evidence of the Brief Antisocial Behavior Scale (B-ABS) in young adults from four countries. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247528. [PMID: 33617586 PMCID: PMC7899364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research built on the Self-Reported Delinquency interview and the Antisocial Behavior Scale to develop an updated brief instrument to measure antisocial behavior. College students (n = 3188, 67.75% women) from the USA, Argentina, the Netherlands and Spain completed an online survey. Analyses that combined approaches from the Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory were conducted to select the items for the brief version. Findings suggested that a 13-item Brief Antisocial Behavior Scale (B-ABS) fulfilled the high-quality criteria: salient factor loadings, adequate discrimination, variability in response endorsement, adequate fit based on infit/outfit values, nondifferent item functioning across the four participating countries, and Cronbach's alpha and ordinal omega coefficients higher than .70. The B-ABS scores generally significantly correlated with personality scores, mental health and marijuana outcomes, showing criterion-related validity evidence. Our overall findings suggest that B-ABS adequately assesses antisocial behavior in young adults from different countries/cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Adrian J. Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CIPSI Grupo Vinculado CIECS-UNC-CONICET, Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Generós Ortet
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Manuel I. Ibáñez
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
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12
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Just a phase? Mapping the transition of behavioural problems from childhood to adolescence. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:821-836. [PMID: 33569649 PMCID: PMC8068698 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-02014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Young people change substantially between childhood and adolescence. Yet, the current description of behavioural problems does not incorporate any reference to the developmental context. In the current analysis, we aimed to identify common transitions of behavioural problems between childhood and adolescence. METHOD We followed 6744 individuals over 6 years as they transitioned from childhood (age 10) into adolescence (age 16). At each stage, we used a data-driven hierarchical clustering method to identify common profiles of behavioural problems, map transitions between profiles and identify factors that predict specific transitions. RESULTS Common profiles of behavioural problems matched known comorbidity patterns but crucially showed that the presentation of behavioural problems changes markedly between childhood and adolescence. While problems with hyperactivity/impulsivity, motor control and conduct were prominent in childhood, adolescents showed profiles of problems related to emotional control, anxiety and inattention. Transitions were associated with socio-economic status and cognitive performance in childhood CONCLUSION: We show that understanding behavioural difficulties and mental ill-health must take into account the developmental context in which the problems occur, and we establish key risk factors for specific negative transitions as children become adolescents.
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13
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Richard J, Fletcher É, Boutin S, Derevensky J, Temcheff C. Conduct problems and depressive symptoms in association with problem gambling and gaming: A systematic review. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:497-533. [PMID: 32750033 PMCID: PMC8943658 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Behavioral addictions such as gambling and gaming disorder are significant public health issues that are of increasing importance to policy makers and health care providers. Problem gambling and gaming behaviors have been identified as being associated with externalizing and internalizing problems, with theoretical models suggesting that both conduct problems and depressive symptoms may be significant risk factors in the development of problem gambling and gaming. As such, the purpose of this systematic review is to provide an overview of research identifying the relationship between conduct problems, depressive symptoms and problem gambling and gaming among adolescents and young adults. METHODS Systematic literature searches in accordance with PRISMA guidelines found 71 eligible studies that met the inclusion criteria, 47 for problem gambling, 23 for problem gaming and one for both problem behaviors. RESULTS Based on cross-sectional evidence, both problem gambling and gaming are consistently concurrently associated with conduct problems and depressive symptoms. Longitudinal evidence appears to be clearer for conduct problems as a risk factor for problem gambling, and depressive symptoms as a risk factor for problem gaming. However, both risk factors appear to increase the risk for these problem behaviors. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Results from the literature review suggest that problem gambling and gaming are associated with the presence of conduct problems and depressive symptoms, with the potential of sharing common etiological factors. Additional research is necessary to confirm these longitudinal relationships with an emphasis on investigating the interaction of both early conduct problems and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Richard
- International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviors, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Émilie Fletcher
- International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviors, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Boutin
- International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviors, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Derevensky
- International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviors, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Temcheff
- International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviors, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Zapolski TCB, Clifton RL, Banks DE, Hershberger A, Aalsma M. Family and Peer Influences on Substance Attitudes and Use among Juvenile Justice-Involved Youth. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2019; 28:447-456. [PMID: 31406456 PMCID: PMC6690368 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-018-1268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile justice-involved youth experience high rates of substance use, which is concerning given associated negative consequences, including health and functional deficits. Family and peer factors are associated with a high risk of substance use among justice-involved youth. It is hypothesized that this risk process operates through pro-drug attitudes. However, limited research has been conducted on the mechanisms through which family and peer factors increase risk for substance use among juvenile justice involved youth. The current study examined both the direct and indirect effects of family and peer substance use on youth's substance use (alcohol and illicit drug use). We also examined whether this relationship differs by race. 226 detained youth (81.9% male; 74.3% Black) were recruited from an urban county in the Midwest and completed a clinical interview and substance use assessment battery. A direct effect of family/peer risk on illicit drug use was found for all youth, though the effect was stronger among White youth. Results also supported the indirect effect pathway from family/peer risk to both illicit drug use and alcohol use through pro-drug attitudes. This pathway did not vary by race. These findings suggest that interventions should focus on targeting both family/peer risk and pro-drug attitudes to reduce substance use. Given the racial difference in the direct effect of family/peer risk on illicit drug use, there may be other factors that influence risk more strongly for White youth, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamika C B Zapolski
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University - Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Richelle L Clifton
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University - Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Devin E Banks
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University - Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Alexandra Hershberger
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University - Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Matthew Aalsma
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
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Bevilacqua L, Hale D, Barker ED, Viner R. Conduct problems trajectories and psychosocial outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 27:1239-1260. [PMID: 28983792 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-1053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that youth who follow the early onset persistent (EOP), adolescent-onset (AO) and childhood-limited (CL) trajectories of conduct problems show varying patterns of health, mental health, educational, and social outcomes in adulthood. However, there has been no systematic review and meta-analysis on outcomes associated with different conduct problems trajectories. We systematically reviewed the literature of longitudinal studies considering outcomes of three conduct problems trajectories: EOP, AO, and CL compared with individuals with low levels of conduct problems (low). We performed a series of meta-analyses comparing each trajectory to the low group for eight different outcomes in early adulthood or later. Thirteen studies met our inclusion criteria. Outcomes were mental health (depression), cannabis use, alcohol use, self-reported aggression, official records of antisocial behaviour, poor general health, poor education, and poor employment. Overall, EOP individuals showed significant higher risk of poor outcome followed by AO individuals, CL individuals, and finally participants in the low group. All conduct problems trajectories showed higher risk of poor psychosocial outcomes compared to the low group, but the magnitude of risk differed across trajectories, with a general trend for the EOP to perform significantly worse, followed by the AO and CL. Early intervention is recommended across domains to maximise likelihood of desistance from antisocial behaviour and improvement on several psychosocial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Bevilacqua
- University College London GOS Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Daniel Hale
- School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Edward D Barker
- Department of Psychology, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Russell Viner
- University College London GOS Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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Walters GD. Does Drug Use Inhibit Crime Deceleration or Does Crime Inhibit Drug Use Deceleration? A Test of the Reciprocal Risk Postulate of the Worst of Both Worlds Hypothesis. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:1681-1687. [PMID: 29336670 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1424914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has shown that ongoing drug use inhibits the commonly reported maturing out of crime process and that ongoing crime inhibits the commonly reported maturing out of drug use process. OBJECTIVES To test the predictive efficacy of drug use for crime deceleration and of crime for drug deceleration using a prospective analysis of data on a group of 524 male California Youth Authority parolees to see if both effects exist simultaneously. METHOD A two-equation regression analysis of Year 3 arrests and illicit drug use was performed, controlling for age, race, marital status, employment status, and number of months free in the community. RESULTS It was determined that illicit drug use at Year 2 predicted an increase in arrests between the first and third years of the analysis and arrests at Year 2 predicted an increase in illicit drug use over this same time period. Alcohol use, on the other hand, failed to predict a change in arrests and arrests failed to predict a change in alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that illicit drug use may inhibit the natural maturing out of crime process observed in emerging adults whereas involvement in crime may inhibit the natural maturing out of illicit drug use process. These findings not only support the reciprocal risk postulate from the Worst of Both Worlds hypothesis but also have implications for risk prediction, risk management, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D Walters
- a Department of Criminal Justice , Kutztown University , Kutztown , Pennsylvania , USA
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Fonagy P, Luyten P. Conduct problems in youth and the RDoC approach: A developmental, evolutionary-based view. Clin Psychol Rev 2017; 64:57-76. [PMID: 28935341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Problems related to aggression in young people are traditionally subsumed under the header of conduct problems, which include conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder. Such problems in children and adolescents are an important societal and mental health problem. In this paper we present an evolutionarily informed developmental psychopathology view of conduct problems inspired by the NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative. We assume that while there are many pathways to conduct problems, chronic or temporary impairments in the domain of social cognition or mentalizing are a common denominator. Specifically, we conceptualize conduct problems as reflecting temporary or chronic difficulties with mentalizing, that is, the capacity to understand the self and others in terms of intentional mental states, leading to a failure to inhibit interpersonal violence through a process of perspective-taking and empathy. These difficulties, in turn, stem from impairments in making use of a normally evolutionarily protected social learning system that functions to facilitate intergenerational knowledge transmission and protect social collaborative processes from impulsive and aggressive action. Temperamental, biological, and social risk factors in different combinations may all contribute to this outcome. This adaptation then interacts with impairments in other domains of functioning, such as in negative and positive valence systems and cognitive systems. This view highlights the importance of a complex interplay among biological, psychological, and environmental factors in understanding the origins of conduct problems. We outline the implications of these views for future research and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, UK.
| | - Patrick Luyten
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, UK; Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
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Ståhlberg O, Boman S, Robertsson C, Kerekes N, Anckarsäter H, Nilsson T. A 3-year follow-up study of Swedish youths committed to juvenile institutions: Frequent occurrence of criminality and health care use regardless of drug abuse. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2017; 50:52-60. [PMID: 27745884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This 3-year follow-up study compares background variables, extent of criminality and criminal recidivism in the form of all court convictions, the use of inpatient care, and number of early deaths in Swedish institutionalized adolescents (N=100) with comorbid substance use disorders (SUD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (n=25) versus those with SUD but no ADHD (n=30), and those without SUD (n=45). In addition it aims to identify whether potential risk factors related to these groups are associated with persistence in violent criminality. Results showed almost no significant differences between the three diagnostic groups, but the SUD plus ADHD group displayed a somewhat more negative outcome with regard to criminality, and the non-SUD group stood out with very few drug related treatment episodes. However, the rate of criminal recidivism was strikingly high in all three groups, and the use of inpatient care as well as the number of untimely deaths recorded in the study population was dramatically increased compared to a age matched general population group. Finally, age at first conviction emerged as the only significant predictor of persistence in violent criminality with an AUC of .69 (CI (95%) .54-.84, p=.02). Regardless of whether SUD, with or without ADHD, is at hand or not, institutionalized adolescents describe a negative course with extensive criminality and frequent episodes of inpatient treatment, and thus requires a more effective treatment than present youth institutions seem to offer today. However, the few differences found between the three groups, do give some support that those with comorbid SUD and ADHD have the worst prognosis with regard to criminality, health, and untimely death, and as such are in need of even more extensive treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Ståhlberg
- National Board of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Boman
- Swedish Prison and Probation Services, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | - Nóra Kerekes
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Anckarsäter
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Forensic psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Ragarden, House 1, SU - East Hospital, SE-416 85 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Nilsson
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Forensic psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Ragarden, House 1, SU - East Hospital, SE-416 85 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Kjeldsen A, Nilsen W, Gustavson K, Skipstein A, Melkevik O, Karevold EB. Predicting Well-Being and Internalizing Symptoms in Late Adolescence From Trajectories of Externalizing Behavior Starting in Infancy. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2016; 26:991-1008. [PMID: 28453213 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the long-term prediction of well-being and internalizing symptoms from trajectories of externalizing behavior problems in 921 children from a population-based sample. We found that a high stable trajectory of externalizing behavior from infancy (age 1.5) to mid-adolescence (age 14.5) predicted lower scores on life satisfaction and flourishing for both girls and boys (age 18.5). The high stable trajectory also predicted higher levels of depressive symptoms in boys and anxiety symptoms in girls (age 18.5). The findings are noteworthy as they document how a person-oriented study of externalizing behavior problems starting in infancy can predict well-being and internalizing in late adolescence. The findings underline the importance of early health promotion and problem intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kjeldsen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Mental and Physical Health
| | - Wendy Nilsen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Mental and Physical Health
| | | | - Anni Skipstein
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Mental and Physical Health
| | - Ole Melkevik
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment
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Choi TK, Worley MJ, Trim RS, Howard D, Brown SA, Hopfer CJ, Hewitt JK, Wall TL. Effect of adolescent substance use and antisocial behavior on the development of early adulthood depression. Psychiatry Res 2016; 238:143-149. [PMID: 27086224 PMCID: PMC5094832 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and frequently comorbid psychiatric disorder. This study evaluates the development of depressive symptoms, MDD diagnosis, and suicidal ideation in a high-risk sample (N=524) diagnosed with conduct disorder (CD) and substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms as youth and re-assessed approximately 6.5 years later. Dual trajectory classes of both alcohol and other drug use (AOD) and antisocial behavior (ASB), previously identified using latent class growth analyses (LCGA), were used to predict depression outcomes. The Dual Chronic, Increasing AOD/Persistent ASB, and Decreasing Drugs/Persistent ASB classes had higher past-week depression scores, more past-year MDD symptoms, and were more likely to have past-year MDD than the Resolved class. The Dual Chronic and Decreasing Drugs/Persistent ASB classes also had more past-year MDD symptoms than the Persistent AOD/Adolescent ASB class. Youth at highest risk for developing or maintaining depression in adulthood had the common characteristic of persistent antisocial behavior. This suggests young adulthood depression is associated more with persistent antisocial behavior than with persistent substance use in comorbid youth. As such, interventions targeting high-risk youth, particularly those with persistent antisocial behavior, are needed to help reduce the risk of severe psychosocial consequences (including risk for suicide) in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Kiu Choi
- CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University Department of Psychiatry, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Matthew J Worley
- University of California, San Diego Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, 116B, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Ryan S Trim
- University of California, San Diego Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, 116B, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - David Howard
- University of California, San Diego Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sandra A Brown
- University of California, San Diego Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christian J Hopfer
- University of Colorado Denver Department of Psychiatry, 12469 E 17th Place, Bldg 400, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - John K Hewitt
- University of Colorado Institute for Behavioral Genetics, 1480 30th St Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Tamara L Wall
- University of California, San Diego Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, 116B, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
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21
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Hoffmann JP. Cumulative Stress and Substance Use From Early Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0022042616638492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Building on models of the stress process, this study examined the consequences for binge alcohol use, marijuana use, and other illicit substance use of cumulative levels of stressful life events using data from the Family Health Study (FHS), an 8-year panel data set ( N = 840). The results of a latent trajectory analysis indicated a positive association between cumulative stressors and involvement in substance use during this period of the life course, especially among early adolescent users. However, there were no identifiable effects on adolescent-limited users. Implications of the results for theory and policy are discussed.
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Elison S, Weston S, Dugdale S, Ward J, Davies G. A Qualitative Exploration of U.K. Prisoners’ Experiences of Substance Misuse and Mental Health Difficulties, and the Breaking Free Health and Justice Interventions. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0022042616630013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This qualitative study explored prisoners’ lived experiences of substance use and mental health difficulties and aimed to examine perceived links between these two areas and how they might be associated with recovery during engagement with the Breaking Free Health and Justice (BFHJ) treatment programs. Interviews were conducted with 32 prisoners receiving treatment for substance use in North-West England. Emerging from prisoners’ interviews were themes relating to difficult life experiences from childhood into adulthood, how these experiences played a role in the emergence of their multiple and complex difficulties, their treatment experiences, and how their current involvement with the criminal justice system acted as a catalyst for positive change, including engagement with the BFHJ programs. This study identified the roles of substance use and mental health difficulties in the lives of participants, identified how their multiple and complex difficulties might be addressed, and provided insights into prisoners’ interpretations of their life experiences.
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Yamada S, Pepler D, Jiang D, Cappadocia MC, Craig W, Connolly J. Developmental Trajectories of Adolescent Substance Use. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2014.884482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hawes SW, Crane CA, Henderson CE, Mulvey EP, Schubert CA, Pardini DA. Codevelopment of psychopathic features and alcohol use during emerging adulthood: Disaggregating between- and within-person change. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 124:729-39. [PMID: 26375828 PMCID: PMC4573511 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined whether there is a bidirectional association between changes in alcohol use and psychopathic features during the transition into emerging adulthood. The nature of this association was investigated among a large sample of serious male adolescent offenders (N = 1,170) across 7 annual assessments (ages ∼17-23), with a focus on disaggregating between- and within-person change. Findings indicated that there was significant variability between participants in their rate of change of psychopathic features and alcohol use throughout this period of development. Both, between- and within-person increases in alcohol use tended to parallel increases in psychopathic features during the transition into emerging adulthood. In addition, evidence indicated that during years when adolescents consumed more alcohol than normal, they experienced higher than usual levels of self-reported psychopathic features at the subsequent assessment. The relevance of these findings for public policy and their potential to inform treatments and interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cory A Crane
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, SUNY
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Klima T, Skinner ML, Haggerty KP, Crutchfield RD, Catalano RF. Exploring heavy drinking patterns among black and white young adults. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2015; 75:839-49. [PMID: 25208202 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2014.75.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED ABSTRACT. OBJECTIVE This investigation examined patterns of heavy drinking among Black and White young adults from a person-centered perspective and linked family and individual factors in adolescence to young adult drinking patterns. METHOD The analysis focuses on 331 10th-grade students (168 Whites, 163 Blacks; 51% males) who were followed into young adulthood (ages 20 and 22). Cluster analyses using heavy episodic drinking, drunkenness, and alcohol problems in young adulthood resulted in groups of drinkers with different patterns. Groups were examined across and within race. Associations between young adult drinking groups and adolescent family and individual factors were tested. RESULTS Groups followed well-established race differences, with Whites clustering into frequent drinking groups more than Blacks, and Blacks clustering into non-heavy drinking groups more than Whites. Further, Black heavy drinkers reported fewer alcohol problems than White counterparts. Parental monitoring, consistent discipline, ethnic identity, and delinquency were associated with adult heavy episodic drinking groups for both races. Monitoring and delinquency, along with parental norms, were associated with drunkenness groups for both races. However, race differences were observed for drunkenness clusters such that attachment was predictive for White clusters, and parental guidelines and discipline were predictive for Black clusters. CONCLUSIONS Large race differences in heavy drinking at young adulthood were confirmed. Family dynamics in 10th grade were identified as important for the development of different drinking patterns in the early 20s, when many individuals have left home, which suggests a key target for substance use prevention programs. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 75, 839-849, 2014).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Klima
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Martie L Skinner
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kevin P Haggerty
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Richard F Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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de Vries SLA, Hoeve M, Assink M, Stams GJJM, Asscher JJ. Practitioner review: Effective ingredients of prevention programs for youth at risk of persistent juvenile delinquency--recommendations for clinical practice. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2015; 56:108-21. [PMID: 25143121 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of knowledge about specific effective ingredients of prevention programs for youth at risk for persistent delinquent behavior. The present study combines findings of previous studies by examining the effectiveness of programs in preventing persistent juvenile delinquency and by studying which particular program, sample, and study characteristics contribute to the effects. Information on effective ingredients offers specific indications of how programs may be improved in clinical practice. METHOD A literature search in PsychINFO, ERIC, PubMed, Sociological Abstracts, Criminal Justice Abstracts, and Google Scholar was performed. Only (quasi)experimental studies and studies that focused on adolescents at risk for (persistent) delinquent behavior were included. Multilevel meta-analysis was conducted on 39 studies (N = 9,084). Participants' ages ranged from 6 to 20 years (M = 14 years, SD = 2.45). RESULTS The overall effect size was significant and small in magnitude (d = 0.24, p < .001). Behavioral-oriented programs, focusing on parenting skills training, behavioral modeling, or behavioral contracting yielded the largest effects. Multimodal programs and programs carried out in the family context proved to be more beneficial than individual and group-based programs. Less intensive programs yielded larger effects. CONCLUSIONS Prevention programs have positive effects on preventing persistent juvenile delinquency. In order to improve program effectiveness, interventions should be behavioral-oriented, delivered in a family or multimodal format, and the intensity of the program should be matched to the level of risk of the juvenile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne L A de Vries
- Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Pedersen ER, Miles JNV, Osilla KC, Ewing BA, Hunter SB, D'Amico EJ. The effects of mental health symptoms and marijuana expectancies on marijuana use and consequences among at-risk adolescents. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2014; 45:151-165. [PMID: 25977590 DOI: 10.1177/0022042614559843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on expectancy theory, adolescents at risk for mental health symptoms, such as those involved in the juvenile court system, may use marijuana due to the belief that use will attenuate anxiety and depressive symptoms. In a diverse sample of youth involved in the Santa Barbara Teen Court system (N = 193), we examined the association between mental health symptoms and marijuana expectancies on marijuana use and consequences. In general, stronger positive expectancies and weaker negative expectancies were both associated with increased marijuana use. Youth that reported more symptoms of both anxiety and depression and stronger positive expectancies for marijuana also reported more consequences. We found that youth experiencing the greatest level of consequences from marijuana were those that reported more depressive symptoms and stronger positive expectancies for marijuana. Findings suggest that these symptoms, combined with strong positive expectancies about marijuana's effects, have implications for consequences among at-risk youth.
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28
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Cerdá M, Bordelois PM, Keyes KM, Galea S, Koenen KC, Pardini D. Cumulative and recent psychiatric symptoms as predictors of substance use onset: does timing matter? Addiction 2013; 108:2119-28. [PMID: 23941263 PMCID: PMC3833999 DOI: 10.1111/add.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We examined two questions about the relationship between conduct disorder (CD), depression and anxiety symptoms and substance use onset: (i) what is the relative influence of recent and more chronic psychiatric symptoms on alcohol and marijuana use initiation and (ii) are there sensitive developmental periods when psychiatric symptoms have a stronger influence on substance use initiation? DESIGN Secondary analysis of longitudinal data from the Pittsburgh Youth Study, a cohort study of boys followed annually from 7 to 19 years of age. SETTING Recruitment occurred in public schools in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. PARTICIPANTS A total of 503 boys. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcomes were age of alcohol and marijuana use onset. Discrete-time hazard models were used to determine whether (i) recent (prior year); and (ii) cumulative (from age 7 until 2 years prior to substance use onset) psychiatric symptoms were associated with substance use onset. FINDINGS Recent anxiety symptoms [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-1.17], recent (HR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.35-1.87), cumulative (HR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.03-2.03) CD symptoms, and cumulative depression symptoms (HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01-1.08) were associated with earlier alcohol use onset. Recent (HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.22-1.58) and cumulative CD symptoms (HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.02-1.85) were associated with marijuana use onset. Recent anxiety symptoms were only associated with alcohol use onset among black participants. CONCLUSIONS Timing matters in the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and substance use onset in childhood and adolescence, and the psychiatric predictors of onset are substance-specific. There is no single sensitive developmental period for the influence of psychiatric symptoms on alcohol and marijuana use initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Cerdá
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | - Paula M. Bordelois
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | - Katherine M. Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | - Sandro Galea
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | | | - Dustin Pardini
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Western Psychiatric Institute
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Hoffmann JP, Warnick E. Do family dinners reduce the risk for early adolescent substance use? A propensity score analysis. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2013; 54:335-352. [PMID: 23956358 DOI: 10.1177/0022146513497035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The risks of early adolescent substance use on health and well-being are well documented. In recent years, several experts have claimed that a simple preventive measure for these behaviors is for families to share evening meals. In this study, we use data from the 1997 National Longitudinal Study of Youth (n = 5,419) to estimate propensity score models designed to match on a set of covariates and predict early adolescent substance use frequency and initiation. The results indicate that family dinners are not generally associated with alcohol or cigarette use or with drug use initiation. However, a continuous measure of family dinners is modestly associated with marijuana frequency, thus suggesting a potential causal impact. These results show that family dinners may help prevent one form of substance use in the short term but do not generally affect substance use initiation or alcohol and cigarette use.
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Maxwell Y, Day A, Casey S. Understanding the needs of vulnerable prisoners: the role of social and emotional wellbeing. Int J Prison Health 2013; 9:57-67. [DOI: 10.1108/17449201311326934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Goodwin RD, Stein DJ. Anxiety disorders and drug dependence: evidence on sequence and specificity among adults. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2013; 67:167-73. [PMID: 23581868 PMCID: PMC3701305 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM The goal of this study was to investigate the relation between specific anxiety disorders and substance dependence, adjusting for potentially confounding demographic factors (e.g. sex) and comorbidity (e.g. alcohol dependence, major depression), among adults in the USA. METHODS Data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS), a nationally representative population sample of the US adult population aged 15-54. The temporal sequence of onset of anxiety and substance dependence disorders was examined. RESULTS Substance dependence temporally precedes several anxiety disorders, particularly panic disorder. Specifically, a history of past substance dependence predicts current panic disorder (odds ratio [OR] =2.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.29, 5.32), social phobia (OR=1.7, 95%CI=1.12, 2.41), and agoraphobia (OR=1.78, 95%CI=1.08, 2.94). Conversely, in more than 50% of substance abuse disorder cases, in nearly 40% of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) cases, and in nearly 30% of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) cases, the anxiety disorder has first onset. Similarly, a lifetime history of social phobia, PTSD, or GAD significantly predicts lifetime substance dependence (OR=1.51 for social phobia, 2.06 for PTSD, 1.45 for GAD). CONCLUSION For any particular anxiety disorder, a diagnosis of substance abuse can occur prior to or subsequent to an anxiety disorder. Nevertheless, there is also evidence for the specificity of some associations between anxiety and substance dependence disorders; these are independent of the effects of sex and other comorbid disorders, may be causal in nature, and deserve particular attention in clinical settings. The possibility that within a particular anxiety disorder there are a variety of mechanisms of association with various substances should be addressed in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee D Goodwin
- Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, USA.
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Nocentini A, Calamai G, Menesini E. Codevelopment of delinquent and depressive symptoms across adolescence: time-invariant and time-varying effects of school and social failure. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2012; 41:746-59. [PMID: 23057769 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2012.728155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The codevelopment of delinquent behaviors and depressive symptoms from Grade 9 to 11 was investigated on an Italian sample of 518 adolescents (399 male) after the transition to high school, evaluating the time-invariant effects of past school failure and social failure and the time-varying effects of school achievement and social problems. Bivariate latent growth model showed a positive correlation between the two intercepts and the two slopes, suggesting that during adolescence the two trajectories are reciprocally and causally related over time. Time-invariant predictors--past school failure and social failure--explain interindividual variability only for delinquent growth. Time-varying covariates--school achievement and social problems--are significantly associated with both trajectories. These time-varying variables can act as snares, mechanisms responsible for accelerating the otherwise normative pattern of increase of delinquent behaviors and actively retarding the normative decrease of depressive symptoms over adolescence. Findings highlight how interventions aimed to promote competence during adolescence can be an effective way to prevent psychopathology or to reduce its impact.
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Stone AL, Becker LG, Huber AM, Catalano RF. Review of risk and protective factors of substance use and problem use in emerging adulthood. Addict Behav 2012; 37:747-75. [PMID: 22445418 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the evidence for longitudinal predictors of substance use and abuse in emerging adulthood. Nationally representative data from the 2007 National Survey on Drug use and Health suggest that many substance use problems reach their peak prevalence during emerging adulthood (usually defined as the period from age 18 to age 26). This stage of development is characterized by rapid transitions into new social contexts that involve greater freedom and less social control than experienced during adolescence. Concurrent with this newfound independence is an increase in rates of substance use and abuse. Understanding the risk and protective factors associated with emerging adult substance use problems is an important step in developing interventions targeting those problems. While multiple reviews have examined risk and protective factors for substance use during adolescence, and many of these earlier predictors may predict emerging adult substance use, few studies have focused primarily on the emerging adult outcomes examining predictors from both adolescence and emerging adulthood. This review used the databases PubMed and PsycInfo to identify articles pertaining to longitudinal predictors of substance use problems in emerging adulthood, building from the conceptual framework presented in a review on risk and protective factors for adolescent substance abuse by Hawkins and colleagues (Hawkins, Catalano, & Miller, 1992). Predictors identified as predictors of substance use in adolescence, sometimes decreased in strength and in one case reversed direction. Unique predictors in emerging adulthood were also identified. Implications for prevention science during adolescence and emerging adulthood are discussed as well as suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Stone
- University of Washington Bothell, School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, 18115 Campus Way NE, Box 358530, Bothell, WA 98011, USA.
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Chitsabesan P, Rothwell J, Kenning C, Law H, Carter LA, Bailey S, Clark A. Six years on: a prospective cohort study of male juvenile offenders in secure care. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012; 21:339-47. [PMID: 22427059 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-012-0266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal studies are helpful in understanding developmental trajectories and recognising opportunities for early intervention. This paper describes the long-term needs and mental health of an initial sample of male juvenile offenders, now adults 6 years after their index admission to secure care. In this prospective cohort study of 97 male juvenile offenders admitted to secure, offenders were assessed initially on admission, 2 and 6 years later. Interviews were conducted with 54 offenders at the 6-year follow-up and included an assessment of psychosocial need, mental health and psychopathy. Outcome data on offending behaviour were collected on a total of 71 offenders. Persistent offenders have needs in multiple domains as they transition into adulthood. The majority of offenders were single and about a half were in neither employment nor training. Almost nine out of ten offenders had a substance misuse disorder and a similar number met the criteria for a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder. Substance misuse in adolescence was strongly correlated with later substance misuse in adulthood, emphasising the importance of early intervention. A diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder and living with friends and family were both significantly associated with persistent offending behaviour. Many offenders continued to reoffend despite receiving offence-related interventions and custodial care. Interventions currently aimed at reducing recidivism in more severe offenders appear to be ineffective. Persistent offenders would benefit from a multi-modal approach based on individual needs, rather than receiving generic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathiba Chitsabesan
- Child and Family Service (Stepping Hill Hospital), Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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Mulvey EP, Schubert CA. Some initial findings and policy implications of the Pathways to Desistance Study. VICTIMS & OFFENDERS 2012; 7:407-427. [PMID: 27087803 PMCID: PMC4830484 DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2012.713903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how adolescents curtail their offending and make positive adjustments to early adulthood. The Pathways to Desistance study follows 1,354 serious adolescent offenders to provide information about these processes. This paper summarizes some initial findings from the study and lays out their potential policy implications. The findings covered include the variability in the sample, the importance of the link between substance use and offending, and the possible implications of institutional care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P Mulvey
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Carol A Schubert
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
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36
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Reef J, Diamantopoulou S, van Meurs I, Verhulst FC, van der Ende J. Developmental trajectories of child to adolescent externalizing behavior and adult DSM-IV disorder: results of a 24-year longitudinal study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2011; 46:1233-41. [PMID: 20936464 PMCID: PMC3214259 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-010-0297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood externalizing behavior is found to be relatively persistent. Developmental pathways within types of externalizing behavior have been recognized from childhood to adolescence. We aimed to describe the prediction of adult DSM-IV disorders from developmental trajectories of externalizing behavior over a period of 24 years on a longitudinal multiple birth cohort study of 2,076 children. This has not been examined yet. METHODS Trajectories of the four externalizing behavior types aggression, opposition, property violations, and status violations were determined separately through latent class growth analysis (LCGA) using data of five waves, covering ages 4-18 years. Psychiatric disorders of 1,399 adults were assessed with the CIDI. We used regression analyses to determine the associations between children's trajectories and adults' psychiatric disorders. RESULTS All externalizing behavior types showed significant associations with disruptive disorder in adulthood. In all antisocial behavior types high-level trajectories showed the highest probability for predicting adult disorders. Particularly the status violations cluster predicted many disorders in adulthood. The trajectories most often predicted disruptive disorders in adulthood, but predicted also anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders. CONCLUSIONS We can conclude that an elevated level of externalizing behavior in childhood has impact on the long-term outcome, regardless of the developmental course of externalizing behavior. Furthermore, different types of externalizing behavior (i.e., aggression, opposition, property violations, and status violations) were related to different adult outcomes, and children and adolescents with externalizing behavior of the status violations subtype were most likely to be affected in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joni Reef
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children’s Hospital, P.O.Box 3060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sofia Diamantopoulou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children’s Hospital, P.O.Box 3060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inge van Meurs
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children’s Hospital, P.O.Box 3060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank C. Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children’s Hospital, P.O.Box 3060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van der Ende
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children’s Hospital, P.O.Box 3060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Wiesner M, Capaldi DM, Kim HK. Early Adult Outcomes of Male Arrest Trajectories: Propensity versus Causation Effects. WESTERN CRIMINOLOGY REVIEW 2011; 12:1P3-2557787811. [PMID: 23730147 PMCID: PMC3666042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study examined early adult outcomes of differing arrest trajectories across childhood through early adulthood that were identified in prior work for 197 at-risk young men. Early adult outcomes were assessed at ages 27-28 to 29-30 years. Predictive effects of arrest trajectory membership on outcomes were examined after controlling for various factors, including prior levels and early antisocial propensity. As early adults, both chronic offender groups showed poorer adjustment in terms of deviant peer affiliation, education, and work domains than did the Rare Offenders; High-Level Chronic Offenders stood out from all other groups in terms of mental health problems and physical aggression toward a partner. These effects represent plausible causal effects of developmental pathways of offending on the outcomes. Evidence for propensity effects on the outcomes was more limited. Theoretical and prevention implications are discussed.
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Steinberg JK, Grella CE, Boudov MR, Kerndt PR, Kadrnka CM. Methamphetamine use and high-risk sexual behaviors among incarcerated female adolescents with a diagnosed STD. J Urban Health 2011; 88:352-64. [PMID: 21394658 PMCID: PMC3079043 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-011-9557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile detention settings provide an important venue for addressing the health-related needs of adolescent populations, who often have high rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and concomitant drug use. This study examines factors associated with methamphetamine use and risky sexual behaviors among 539 incarcerated female adolescents between ages 12-18 years with an STD diagnosis. Data were obtained from interviews with detainees receiving STD case management services within a California juvenile detention facility in January 2006-June 2007. High-risk behaviors characterized the sample, such as low use of condoms consistently (43.3%), prior STD infection (25%), pregnancy history (26%), arrest charge for prostitution or drug use (23%), and a history of prostitution (18%). Half of the sample reported weekly alcohol or drug use; most commonly used drugs were marijuana (37%), alcohol (21%), and methamphetamine (16%). In multivariate analysis, African Americans had a lower odds of methamphetamine use (odds ratio [OR] = .163) compared with whites. Detainees who reported inconsistent condom use had over twice the odds of methamphetamine use (OR = 2.7) compared with consistent condom users. In addition, those who reported alcohol use had twice the odds of methamphetamine use (2.0). There was a significant interaction between Latina ethnicity and having an arrest charge for drugs or prostitution; Latinas who had this charge had over 11 times the odds of using methamphetamine compared with those with other arrest charges (OR = 11.28). A better understanding of the relationship between drug use and sexual risk behaviors of STD-positive incarcerated female adolescents can inform the development of appropriate corrections and community-based interventions serving this segment of high-risk adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane K Steinberg
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, STD Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Webster-Stratton C, Rinaldi J, Jamila MR. Long-Term Outcomes of Incredible Years Parenting Program: Predictors of Adolescent Adjustment. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2011; 16:38-46. [PMID: 21499534 PMCID: PMC3077027 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-3588.2010.00576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHOD: Fifty-eight boys and 20 girls with early onset conduct problems whose parents received the Incredible Years (IY) parent treatment program when they were 3-8 years (mean 58.7 months) were contacted and reassessed regarding their social and emotional adjustment 8-12 years later. Assessments included home interviews with parents and teenagers separately. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Adolescent reports indicated that 10% were in the clinical range on internalising behaviours, 23% had engaged in major delinquent acts, and 46% reported some substance use. Eighteen percent of children had criminal justice system involvement and 42% had elevated levels of externalising behaviours (mother report). Post-treatment factors predicting negative outcomes (delinquent acts) were maternal reports of behaviour problems and observed mother-child coercion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Reid Jamila
- University of Washington, Box 354801, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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40
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Odgers CL, Robins SJ, Russell MA. Morbidity and mortality risk among the "forgotten few": why are girls in the justice system in such poor health? LAW AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2010; 34:429-44. [PMID: 19847634 DOI: 10.1007/s10979-009-9199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the physical health of a population of girls sentenced to custody in a large US State via medical examinations and clinical assessments in adolescence and young adulthood. Findings indicated that injuries, obesity, and sexually transmitted diseases were the norm, with over 50% of the population meeting criteria for each of these health problems. A dose-response relationship was documented between childhood victimization and injuries and injury risk in adolescence and self-harm, HIV risk, physical health symptoms, and hospitalizations in young adulthood. The relationship between childhood victimization and poor adult physical health was fully mediated by health-risk behaviors in adolescence. Clinical and policy implications of the high mortality and morbidity risk among female juvenile offenders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice L Odgers
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, 4312 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Wilson HW, Widom CS. Predictors of drug-use patterns in maltreated children and matched controls followed up into middle adulthood. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2010; 71:801-9. [PMID: 20946736 PMCID: PMC2965478 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2010.71.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines whether child abuse; child neglect; demographic, family and social, behavioral, economic, and neighborhood risk; and protective factors predict different drug-use patterns into middle adulthood. METHOD Using a prospective cohort design, individuals with documented cases of childhood physical and sexual abuse and neglect (processed during 1967-1971) and a matched control group were followed into middle adulthood. Participants completed in-person interviews in 1989-1995 (average age 29), 2000-2002 (average age 39.5), and 2003-2004 (average age 41). The sample for this study included 374 women and 332 men. RESULTS Four patterns of drug use were revealed: (a) abstinence and low use (34%), (b) adolescent and young adult limited use (31%), (c) chronic-persistent use (29%), and (d) late use (7%). The chronic-persistent pattern was associated with being male, parental substance-use problems, involvement in crime, and neighborhood problems. The late-use pattern was significantly associated with childhood neglect and being Black, when other risk factors were controlled; bivariate analyses also indicated associations with female gender, lower income, and greater neighborhood disadvantage. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed two patterns of drug use involving substance use and substance-related problems in middle adulthood that are associated with different sets of risk factors. Further research is needed to understand the late-drug-use pattern, which appears to disproportionately involve low-income Black women with histories of childhood neglect. These individuals may be missed in efforts to prevent or reduce drug use among youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen W. Wilson
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Cathy Spatz Widom
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
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Barker ED, Oliver BR, Maughan B. Co-occurring problems of early onset persistent, childhood limited, and adolescent onset conduct problem youth. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2010; 51:1217-26. [PMID: 20738447 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is increasingly recognized that youth who follow early onset persistent (EOP), childhood limited (CL) and adolescent onset (AO) trajectories of conduct problems show somewhat varying patterns of risk (in childhood) and adjustment problems (in adolescence and adulthood). Little, however, is known about how other adjustment problems differentially co-develop with the EOP, CL and AO trajectories across the childhood and adolescent years. METHOD Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, an epidemiological, longitudinal cohort of boys and girls, we estimated growth curves for parent-reported hyperactivity, emotional difficulties, peer relational problems, and prosocial behaviors conditional on trajectories of conduct problems (i.e., EOP, CL and AO) from ages 4 to 13 years. At ages 7-8 years, DSM-IV-based diagnoses of conduct disorder, oppositional-defiant disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, depression were examined by conduct problems trajectory. RESULTS Overall, the development of hyperactivity, emotional difficulties, peer relational problems, and prosocial behaviors mirrored the development of conduct problems, showing similar trajectories. CONCLUSIONS Results indicated that the problems of EOP youth were persistent across domains, CL youth showed decreased behavior problems while increasing in prosocial behaviors, and AO youth increased in adjustment problems after 10 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Barker
- Department of Psychological Science, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London, UK.
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Larm P, Hodgins S, Tengström A, Larsson A. Trajectories of resilience over 25 years of individuals who as adolescents consulted for substance misuse and a matched comparison group. Addiction 2010; 105:1216-25. [PMID: 20331546 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.02914.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine trajectories of resilience over 25 years among individuals who as adolescents received treatment for substance misuse, the clinical sample (CS) and a matched general population sample (GP). DESIGN Comparison of the CS and GP over 25 years using Swedish national registers of health care and criminality. SETTING A substance misuse clinic for adolescents in an urban area in Sweden. MEASUREMENTS Resilience was defined as the absence of substance misuse, hospitalizations for physical illnesses related to substance misuse, hospitalization for mental illness and law-abiding behaviour from ages 21 to 45 years. PARTICIPANTS The CS included 701 individuals who as adolescents had consulted a clinic for substance misuse. The GP included 731 individuals selected randomly from the Swedish population and matched for age, sex and birthplace. FINDINGS A total of 52.4% of the GP and 24.4% of the CS achieved resilience in all domains through 25 years. Among the CS, another one-third initially displayed moderate levels of resilience that rose to high levels over time, one-quarter displayed decreasing levels of resilience over time, while 9.3% showed little but improving resilience and 8.8% showed no resilience. Levels of resilience were associated with the severity of substance misuse and delinquency in adolescence. CONCLUSIONS Individuals who had presented substance misuse problems in adolescence were less likely to achieve resilience over the subsequent 25 years than was a matched general population sample, and among them, four distinct trajectories of resilience were identified. The severity and type of problems presented in adolescence distinguished the four trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Larm
- Research Centre for Adolescents Psycho-social Health, Division of Alcohol and Drug Dependence Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Boxer P. Covariation of self- and other-directed aggression among inpatient youth: continuity in the transition to treatment and shared risk factors. Aggress Behav 2010; 36:205-17. [PMID: 20309848 DOI: 10.1002/ab.20343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although other- and self-directed aggression covary in very high-risk youth, these forms of aggression infrequently are studied simultaneously. Understanding better their covariation is an important task for improving services to high-risk youth. In this study, data from the clinical records of 476 youth admitted to secure inpatient treatment were analyzed to examine relations among self- and other-directed aggression exhibit before and during inpatient treatment. Analyses tested the hypotheses that self- and other-directed aggression would tend to covary and display continuity from pre-treatment to in-treatment. Also tested were the hypotheses that youth with histories of co-occurring self- and other-directed aggression would show the highest levels of aggression during treatment and the greatest degree of personal and contextual risk on entering treatment. These hypotheses were largely supported. Exploratory analyses revealed interesting discontinuities in aggression (aggression emitted only before or during treatment) with critical implications for research and practice with youth receiving clinical care, especially those in institutional placements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Boxer
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
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45
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Pang D, Jones GT, Power C, Macfarlane GJ. Influence of childhood behaviour on the reporting of chronic widespread pain in adulthood: results from the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 49:1882-8. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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46
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The impact of delinquency on young adult sexual risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infections. J Adolesc Health 2010; 46:17-24. [PMID: 20123253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Youth in the juvenile justice system have increased sexual risk behavior and sexually transmitted infections (STI). However, research exploring the effect of self-reported delinquency on sexual risk behavior and STI is limited, and results vary depending on the populations studied. Therefore, we used nationally representative data to examine the longitudinal association between delinquent behavior, sexual risk behavior, and STI among adolescents and young adults. METHODS We used a sample of 10,828 participants from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Health. Outcomes included STI and sexual risk behavior from Wave III (17-27-year-olds). Predictors for the generalized linear regression models (stratified by gender) include race, age, education, relationship status at Wave III, and delinquent behavior groups (life-course persistent, adolescence-limited, late-onset and nondelinquency). RESULTS None of the delinquency groups were associated with young adult STI. Only life-course persistent delinquency was associated consistently with sexual risk behavior (except for condom use). The adolescence-limited and late-onset groups had limited effects on sexual risk outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Life-course persistent delinquency influences the expression of young adult sexual risk behavior. However, delinquent behavior does not predict STI in a population-based sample of youth. Programs and interventions that address the sexual health of youth need to consider the role of delinquency in shaping sexual risk behaviors, and future research should explore broader societal and environmental risk factors on STIs.
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Prendergast M, Huang D, Evans E, Hser YI. Are There Gender Differences in Arrest Trajectories among Adult Drug Abuse Treatment Participants? JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2010; 40:7-26. [PMID: 21052519 DOI: 10.1177/002204261004000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the arrest trajectories of adult men and women, drawn from a sample of clients admitted to substance abuse treatment. Growth-mixture modeling was used to identify distinctive trajectories in arrests for men and women between ages 18 and 45. In addition, the characteristics of men and women in each of the trajectory groups were compared by gender, arrest trajectory, and the interaction of gender and arrest trajectory. Findings indicated that while the shape of the five trajectories was similar for men and women, higher percentages of men than women were in the High trajectory group (12.5% vs. 8.5%), the Moderate group (27.9% vs. 20.9%), and Slow Increase group (25.5% vs. 20.6%), with more women than men being in the Low group (34.1% vs. 27.1%). Although arrests declined as men and women aged, there did not appear to be many individuals who had terminated their criminal career by age 45. Overall, more similarities than differences were observed in the characteristics of men and women across trajectories. Additional research should examine whether the causal factors influencing arrest trajectories differ by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Prendergast
- Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 1640 S. Sepulveda Blvd., Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90025
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Odgers CL, Moffitt TE, Tach LM, Sampson A, Taylor RJ, Matthews CL, Caspi A. The protective effects of neighborhood collective efficacy on British children growing up in deprivation: a developmental analysis. Dev Psychol 2009; 45:942-57. [PMID: 19586172 DOI: 10.1037/a0016162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This article reports on the influence of neighborhood-level deprivation and collective efficacy on children's antisocial behavior between the ages of 5 and 10 years. Latent growth curve modeling was applied to characterize the developmental course of antisocial behavior among children in the E-Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, an epidemiological cohort of 2,232 children. Children in deprived versus affluent neighborhoods had higher levels of antisocial behavior at school entry (24.1 vs. 20.5, p < .001) and a slower rate of decline from involvement in antisocial behavior between the ages of 5 and 10 (-0.54 vs. -0.78, p < .01). Neighborhood collective efficacy was negatively associated with levels of antisocial behavior at school entry (r = -.10, p < .01) but only in deprived neighborhoods; this relationship held after controlling for neighborhood problems and family-level factors. Collective efficacy did not predict the rate of change in antisocial behavior between the ages of 5 and 10. Findings suggest that neighborhood collective efficacy may have a protective effect on children living in deprived contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice L Odgers
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-7085, USA.
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Colman I, Murray J, Abbott RA, Maughan B, Kuh D, Croudace TJ, Jones PB. Outcomes of conduct problems in adolescence: 40 year follow-up of national cohort. BMJ 2009; 338:a2981. [PMID: 19131382 PMCID: PMC2615547 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.a2981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe long term outcomes associated with externalising behaviour in adolescence, defined in this study as conduct problems reported by a teacher, in a population based sample. DESIGN Longitudinal study from age 13-53. SETTING The Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (the British 1946 birth cohort). PARTICIPANTS 3652 survey members assessed by their teachers for symptoms of externalising behaviour at age 13 and 15. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mental disorder, alcohol abuse, relationship difficulties, highest level of education, social class, unemployment, and financial difficulties at ages 36-53. RESULTS 348 adolescents were identified with severe externalising behaviour, 1051 with mild externalising behaviour, and 2253 with no externalising behaviour. All negative outcomes measured in adulthood were more common in those with severe or mild externalising behaviour in adolescence, as rated by teachers, compared with those with no externalising behaviour. Adolescents with severe externalising behaviour were more likely to leave school without any qualifications (65.2%; adjusted odds ratio 4.0, 95% confidence interval 2.9 to 5.5), as were those with mild externalising behaviour (52.2%; 2.3, 1.9 to 2.8), compared with those with no externalising behaviour (30.8%). On a composite measure of global adversity throughout adulthood that included mental health, family life and relationships, and educational and economic problems, those with severe externalising behaviour scored significantly higher (40.1% in top quarter), as did those with mild externalising behaviour (28.3%), compared with those with no externalising behaviour (17.0%). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents who exhibit externalising behaviour experience multiple social and health impairments that adversely affect them, their families, and society throughout adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Colman
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 13-130D Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G3.
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Chen R, Simons-Morton B. Concurrent changes in conduct problems and depressive symptoms in early adolescents: a developmental person-centered approach. Dev Psychopathol 2009; 21:285-307. [PMID: 19144234 PMCID: PMC2629130 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579409000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The co-occurrence of conduct problems (CP) and depressive symptoms (DS) is an important topic in developmental psychopathology; however, research in this area is still in its early stages. Using data from a school-based longitudinal sample of 2,453 adolescents with five waves from Grade 6 to 9, we examined the prevalence, etiology, and consequences of the co-occurrence of CP and DS. A person-centered approach, general growth mixture modeling, was applied to obtain CP and DS trajectory groups. The risk factors and consequences of the co-occurrence problem were examined using the trajectory groups. As hypothesized in a nonclinical sample, a small proportion of boys (8.8%) and girls (3.7%) reported to be high in both CP and DS over time. Among the adolescents with the highest level of CP, only 6.3% of the boys and 6.0% of the girls experienced the highest level of DS. However, among those with the highest level of DS trajectories, 42.9% of the boys and 10.2% of the girls reported the highest level of CP, indicating a gender-specific risk of the co-occurrence problem for depressed boys. Psychosocial and family factors were identified as vulnerable precursors to co-occurring CP and DS, a finding in line with the multiple domain risk model for CP and the transactional model for DS. The study also found that adolescents with the co-occurrence problem were more similar to those with "pure DS" than those with "pure CP" in academic adjustment at the ninth grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusan Chen
- Center for New Designs in Learning and Scholarship, 3520 Prospect Street, NW #314, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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