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Yokoyama A, Yokoyama T, Yumoto Y, Takimura T, Toyama T, Yoneda J, Nishimura K, Minobe R, Matsuzaki T, Kimura M, Matsushita S. Associations of ADH1B and ALDH2 genotypes and alcohol flushing with drinking history, withdrawal symptoms, and ICD-10 criteria in Japanese alcohol-dependent men. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2024; 34:139-148. [PMID: 38465575 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given the high prevalence of fast-metabolizing alcohol dehydrogenase-1B*2 (ADH1B*2 ) and inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase-2*2 (ALDH2*2 ) alleles in East Asians, we evaluated how the ADH1B / ALDH2 genotypes and alcohol flushing might affect the development of alcohol dependence (AD). METHODS We evaluated how the ADH1B / ALDH2 genotypes and self-reported alcohol flushing affected history of drinking events and withdrawal symptoms and ICD-10 criteria in 4116 Japanese AD men. RESULTS The ADH1B*1/*1 group and ALDH2*1/*1 group were 1-5 years younger than the ADH1B*2 (+) and ALDH2*1/*2 groups, respectively, for all of the ages at onset of habitual drinking, blackouts, daytime drinking, uncontrolled drinking, withdrawal symptoms, and first treatment for AD, and the current age. Blackouts were more common in the ADH1B*1/*1 group and ALDH2*1/*1 group. Daytime drinking, uncontrolled drinking, and withdrawal symptoms, such as hand tremor, sweating, convulsions, and delirium tremens/hallucinations were more common in the ADH1B*1/*1 group. The ADH1B*1/*1 was positively associated with the ICD-10 criteria for 'tolerance' and 'withdrawal symptoms'. The ADH1B*1/*1 group and ALDH2*1/*2 group had a larger ICD-10 score. Never flushing was reported by 91.7% and 35.2% of the ALDH2*1/*1 and ALDH2*1/*2 carriers, respectively. After a 1-2-year delay in the onset of habitual drinking in the former-/current-flushing group, no differences in the ages of the aforementioned drinking milestones were found according to the flushing status. CONCLUSION The ADH1B*1/*1 and ALDH2*1/*1 accelerated the development of drinking events and withdrawal symptoms in Japanese AD patients. ICD-10 score was larger in the ADH1B*1/*1 group and ALDH2*1/*2 group. The effects of alcohol flushing on drinking events were limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yokoyama
- Clinical Research Unit, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
| | - Tetsuji Yokoyama
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yumoto
- Departemt of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
| | - Tsuyoshi Takimura
- Departemt of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
| | - Tomomi Toyama
- Departemt of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
| | - Junichi Yoneda
- Departemt of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
| | - Kotaro Nishimura
- Departemt of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
| | - Ruriko Minobe
- Departemt of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
| | - Takanobu Matsuzaki
- Departemt of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
| | - Mitsuru Kimura
- Departemt of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
| | - Sachio Matsushita
- Departemt of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
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Chen YT, Chen TI, Yang TH, Yin SC, Lu SN, Liu XR, Gao YZ, Lin CJ, Huang CW, Huang JF, Yeh ML, Huang CF, Dai CY, Chuang WL, Yang HI, Yu ML, Lee MH. Long-term Risks of Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Across Steatotic Liver Disease Subtypes. Am J Gastroenterol 2024:00000434-990000000-01091. [PMID: 38534155 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prospective study aimed to investigate the long-term associated risks of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) across various subtypes of steatotic liver disease (SLD). METHODS We enrolled 332,175 adults who participated in a health screening program between 1997 and 2013. Participants were categorized into various subtypes, including metabolic dysfunction-associated SLD (MASLD), MASLD with excessive alcohol consumption (MetALD), and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), based on ultrasonography findings, alcohol consumption patterns, and cardiometabolic risk factors. We used computerized data linkage with nationwide registries from 1997 to 2019 to ascertain the incidence of cirrhosis and HCC. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 16 years, 4,458 cases of cirrhosis and 1,392 cases of HCC occurred in the entire cohort, resulting in an incidence rate of 86.1 and 26.8 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. The ALD group exhibited the highest incidence rate for cirrhosis and HCC, followed by MetALD, MASLD, and non-SLD groups. The multivariate adjusted hazard ratios for HCC were 1.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51-2.44), 2.91 (95% CI 2.11-4.03), and 2.59 (95% CI 1.93-3.48) for MASLD, MetALD, and ALD, respectively, when compared with non-SLD without cardiometabolic risk factors. The pattern of the associated risk of cirrhosis was similar to that of HCC (all P value <0.001). The associated risk of cirrhosis for ALD increased to 4.74 (95% CI 4.08-5.52) when using non-SLD without cardiometabolic risk factors as a reference. DISCUSSION This study highlights elevated risks of cirrhosis and HCC across various subtypes of SLD compared with non-SLD, emphasizing the importance of behavioral modifications for early prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-I Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Hsuan Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Ching Yin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Nan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Xia-Rong Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Zheng Gao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jo Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Advanced Therapeutics Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Feng Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hwai-I Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsuan Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Advanced Therapeutics Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Master of Public Health Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Koyanagi YN, Nakatochi M, Namba S, Oze I, Charvat H, Narita A, Kawaguchi T, Ikezaki H, Hishida A, Hara M, Takezaki T, Koyama T, Nakamura Y, Suzuki S, Katsuura-Kamano S, Kuriki K, Nakamura Y, Takeuchi K, Hozawa A, Kinoshita K, Sutoh Y, Tanno K, Shimizu A, Ito H, Kasugai Y, Kawakatsu Y, Taniyama Y, Tajika M, Shimizu Y, Suzuki E, Hosono Y, Imoto I, Tabara Y, Takahashi M, Setoh K, Matsuda K, Nakano S, Goto A, Katagiri R, Yamaji T, Sawada N, Tsugane S, Wakai K, Yamamoto M, Sasaki M, Matsuda F, Okada Y, Iwasaki M, Brennan P, Matsuo K. Genetic architecture of alcohol consumption identified by a genotype-stratified GWAS and impact on esophageal cancer risk in Japanese people. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eade2780. [PMID: 38277453 PMCID: PMC10816704 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
An East Asian-specific variant on aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2 rs671, G>A) is the major genetic determinant of alcohol consumption. We performed an rs671 genotype-stratified genome-wide association study meta-analysis of alcohol consumption in 175,672 Japanese individuals to explore gene-gene interactions with rs671 behind drinking behavior. The analysis identified three genome-wide significant loci (GCKR, KLB, and ADH1B) in wild-type homozygotes and six (GCKR, ADH1B, ALDH1B1, ALDH1A1, ALDH2, and GOT2) in heterozygotes, with five showing genome-wide significant interaction with rs671. Genetic correlation analyses revealed ancestry-specific genetic architecture in heterozygotes. Of the discovered loci, four (GCKR, ADH1B, ALDH1A1, and ALDH2) were suggested to interact with rs671 in the risk of esophageal cancer, a representative alcohol-related disease. Our results identify the genotype-specific genetic architecture of alcohol consumption and reveal its potential impact on alcohol-related disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko N. Koyanagi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Namba
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hadrien Charvat
- Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of International Health Policy Research, Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Akira Narita
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikezaki
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Comprehensive General Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Asahi Hishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Megumi Hara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Toshiro Takezaki
- Department of International Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Teruhide Koyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohko Nakamura
- Cancer Prevention Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sadao Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Kuriki
- Laboratory of Public Health, Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kenji Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Division for Regional Community Development, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sutoh
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kozo Tanno
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
- Division of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kasugai
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukino Kawakatsu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukari Taniyama
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tajika
- Department of Endoscopy, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Etsuji Suzuki
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Hosono
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Issei Imoto
- Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Public Health, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Meiko Takahashi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuya Setoh
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Koichi Matsuda
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiori Nakano
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Health Data Science, Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryoko Katagiri
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Ge L, Liu J, Kang X, Wang W, Zhang D. Association of serum individual and mixed aldehydes with depressive symptoms in the general population: A machine learning study. J Affect Disord 2024; 345:8-17. [PMID: 37865348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans have many opportunities to be exposed to aldehydes which have potential mechanisms for causing depression. We aimed to explore the relationships between serum individual and mixed aldehydes with depressive symptoms in general population. METHODS The data was extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014. Depressive symptoms were assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Weighted binomial logistic regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model were used to explore the association of six individual aldehyde and mixed aldehydes with depressive symptoms, respectively. Sex stratification analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted. RESULTS A total of 701 participants were included. We found a positive association between the highest (Q4) versus lowest quartile (Q1) of butyraldehyde with depressive symptoms (OR: 2.86, 95 % CI: 1.22-6.68), and a negative association between the Q3 versus Q1 of benzaldehyde (0.21, 0.07-0.60) and isopentanaldehyde (0.28, 0.08-0.90) with depressive symptoms in multivariate-adjusted model. The mixed aldehydes were positively associated with depressive symptoms using BKMR model, and butyraldehyde and heptanaldehyde were the dominant aldehydes. Several aldehydes, such as butyraldehyde and benzaldehyde, interacted with each other in their effects on depressive symptoms. The results of gender stratification analysis showed that butyraldehyde was the major contributor to the total effect of aldehydes on depressive symptoms in males, while heptanaldehyde was the dominant aldehyde in females. LIMITATIONS Causality cannot be inferred in this cross-sectional study. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that mixed aldehydes can increase the risk of depressive symptoms, of which butyraldehyde and heptanaldehyde were the major contributing aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiao Kang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
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5
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Huang GX, Hallen NR, Lee M, Zheng K, Wang X, Mandanas MV, Djeddi S, Fernandez D, Hacker J, Ryan T, Bergmark RW, Bhattacharyya N, Lee S, Maxfield AZ, Roditi RE, Buchheit KM, Laidlaw TM, Gern JE, Hallstrand TS, Ray A, Wenzel SE, Boyce JA, Gutierrez-Arcelus M, Barrett NA. Increased epithelial mTORC1 activity in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.13.562288. [PMID: 37904989 PMCID: PMC10614789 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.13.562288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Background The airway epithelium plays a central role in the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), but the mechanisms by which airway epithelial cells (EpCs) maintain inflammation are poorly understood. Objective We hypothesized that transcriptomic assessment of sorted airway EpCs across the spectrum of differentiation would allow us to define mechanisms by which EpCs perpetuate airway inflammation. Methods Ethmoid sinus EpCs from adult patients with CRS were sorted into 3 subsets, bulk RNA sequenced, and analyzed for differentially expressed genes and pathways. Single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) datasets from eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic CRSwNP and bulk RNA-seq of EpCs from mild/moderate and severe asthma were assessed. Immunofluorescent staining and ex vivo functional analysis of sinus EpCs were used to validate our findings. Results Analysis within and across purified EpC subsets revealed an enrichment in glycolytic programming in CRSwNP vs CRSsNP. Correlation analysis identified mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) as a potential regulator of the glycolytic program and identified EpC expression of cytokines and wound healing genes as potential sequelae. mTORC1 activity was upregulated in CRSwNP, and ex vivo inhibition demonstrated that mTOR is critical for EpC generation of CXCL8, IL-33, and CXCL2. Across patient samples, the degree of glycolytic activity was associated with T2 inflammation in CRSwNP, and with both T2 and non-T2 inflammation in severe asthma. Conclusions Together, these findings highlight a metabolic axis required to support epithelial generation of cytokines critical to both chronic T2 and non-T2 inflammation in CRSwNP and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- George X. Huang
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Nils R. Hallen
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Minkyu Lee
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Kelly Zheng
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Xin Wang
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | | | - Sarah Djeddi
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital; Boston, MA
| | | | - Jonathan Hacker
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Tessa Ryan
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Regan W. Bergmark
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
| | - Neil Bhattacharyya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary; Boston, MA
| | - Stella Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
| | - Alice Z. Maxfield
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
| | - Rachel E. Roditi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
| | - Kathleen M. Buchheit
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Tanya M. Laidlaw
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - James E. Gern
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Madison, WI
| | - Teal S. Hallstrand
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center; Seattle, WA
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sally E. Wenzel
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joshua A. Boyce
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Maria Gutierrez-Arcelus
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA
| | - Nora A. Barrett
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
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6
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Kukowka A, Brzuchalski B, Kurzawski M, Malinowski D, Białecka MA. ADH1B, ADH1B/C and CYP2E1 Gene Polymorphism and the Risk of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1392. [PMID: 37510297 PMCID: PMC10379323 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing alcohol consumption by women of childbearing age contributes to more frequent cases of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. The cause of the syndrome is fetal alcohol exposure, particularly what is referred to as high prenatal alcohol exposure. Low metabolic activity of fetal enzymes shifts the burden of ethanol removal to maternal metabolism. One of the factors influencing the pathogenesis of FASD is the genetic background. It can determine the rate of elimination of ethanol, thus increasing or decreasing the time of fetal exposure to ethanol and also decreasing its concentration. Genetic polymorphisms could potentially play a significant role in these processes. In the present study, we considered three polymorphisms of genes implicated in the synthesis of enzymes involved in ethanol metabolism, i.e., ADH1b (rs1229984), ADH1b/c (rs1789891), and CYP2E1 (rs3813867). The studied group consisted of 303 children and 251 mothers. Both mothers' and children's genotypes were considered in our analysis. There were no statistically significant differences between the respective groups of genotypes of the studied polymorphisms. However, the genetic background of FASD is still elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Kukowka
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, Aleja Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland (D.M.)
| | - Bogusław Brzuchalski
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, Aleja Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland (D.M.)
| | - Mateusz Kurzawski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Aleja Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Damian Malinowski
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, Aleja Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland (D.M.)
| | - Monika Anna Białecka
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, Aleja Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland (D.M.)
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7
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Abstract
The medical disorders of alcoholism rank among the leading public health problems worldwide and the need for predictive and prognostic risk markers for assessing alcohol use disorders (AUD) has been widely acknowledged. Early-phase detection of problem drinking and associated tissue toxicity are important prerequisites for timely initiations of appropriate treatments and improving patient's committing to the objective of reducing drinking. Recent advances in clinical chemistry have provided novel approaches for a specific detection of heavy drinking through assays of unique ethanol metabolites, phosphatidylethanol (PEth) or ethyl glucuronide (EtG). Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurements can be used to indicate severe alcohol problems. Hazardous drinking frequently manifests as heavy episodic drinking or in combinations with other unfavorable lifestyle factors, such as smoking, physical inactivity, poor diet or adiposity, which aggravate the metabolic consequences of alcohol intake in a supra-additive manner. Such interactions are also reflected in multiple disease outcomes and distinct abnormalities in biomarkers of liver function, inflammation and oxidative stress. Use of predictive biomarkers either alone or as part of specifically designed biological algorithms helps to predict both hepatic and extrahepatic morbidity in individuals with such risk factors. Novel approaches for assessing progression of fibrosis, a major determinant of prognosis in AUD, have also been made available. Predictive algorithms based on the combined use of biomarkers and clinical observations may prove to have a major impact on clinical decisions to detect AUD in early pre-symptomatic stages, stratify patients according to their substantially different disease risks and predict individual responses to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onni Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, Seinäjoki, Finland.
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8
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Abstract
Alcohol is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive drugs globally. Hazardous drinking, defined by quantity and frequency of consumption, is associated with acute and chronic morbidity. Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are psychiatric syndromes characterized by impaired control over drinking and other symptoms. Contemporary aetiological perspectives on AUDs apply a biopsychosocial framework that emphasizes the interplay of genetics, neurobiology, psychology, and an individual's social and societal context. There is strong evidence that AUDs are genetically influenced, but with a complex polygenic architecture. Likewise, there is robust evidence for environmental influences, such as adverse childhood exposures and maladaptive developmental trajectories. Well-established biological and psychological determinants of AUDs include neuroadaptive changes following persistent use, differences in brain structure and function, and motivational determinants including overvaluation of alcohol reinforcement, acute effects of environmental triggers and stress, elevations in multiple facets of impulsivity, and lack of alternative reinforcers. Social factors include bidirectional roles of social networks and sociocultural influences, such as public health control strategies and social determinants of health. An array of evidence-based approaches for reducing alcohol harms are available, including screening, pharmacotherapies, psychological interventions and policy strategies, but are substantially underused. Priorities for the field include translating advances in basic biobehavioural research into novel clinical applications and, in turn, promoting widespread implementation of evidence-based clinical approaches in practice and health-care systems.
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9
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Saunders GRB, McGue M, Iacono WG, Vrieze S. Longitudinal effects and environmental moderation of ALDH2 and ADH1B gene variants on substance use from age 14 to 40. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:1-9. [PMID: 36102130 PMCID: PMC10011021 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use and dependence are strongly affected by variation in aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) and, to a lesser extent, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1B) genes. We use this genetic variation with an adoption design to test the causal role of alcohol use on other drug use, as well as the moderating role of adoptive parent, sibling, and peer alcohol use. Longitudinal models were run on 412 genotyped adopted individuals of East Asian ancestry with multiple assessments between ages 14 and 40. We found robust associations between alcohol frequency, quantity, and maximum drinks and ALDH2, but not ADH1B, status. The magnitude of the ALDH2 protective effect increased with age, particularly for maximum drinks, though estimates were smaller than previously reported in ancestrally similar individuals in East/North-East Asian countries. These results suggest that sociocultural factors in Minnesota may reduce the protective effects of ALDH2. We found that peer alcohol use, but not parent or sibling use, predicted adopted offspring's use, and that these environmental influences did not vary by ALDH2 status. Finally, we did not find strong evidence of associations between ALDH2 status and tobacco, marijuana, or illegal drug use, contrary to expectation if alcohol serves as a gateway to use of other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455, USA
| | - William G Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455, USA
| | - Scott Vrieze
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455, USA
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10
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Alcohol-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Role of Antioxidants in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071374. [PMID: 35883865 PMCID: PMC9311529 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a highly prevalent, comorbid, and disabling disorder. The underlying mechanism of ethanol neurotoxicity and the involvement of oxidative stress is still not fully elucidated. However, ethanol metabolism has been associated with increased oxidative stress through alcohol dehydrogenase, the microsomal ethanol oxidation system, and catalase metabolic pathways. We searched the PubMed and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) catalog databases to review the literature systematically and summarized the findings focusing on AUD and alcohol abstinence in relation to oxidative stress. In addition, we reviewed the ClinicalTrials.gov resource of the US National Library of Medicine to identify all ongoing and completed clinical trials that include therapeutic interventions based on antioxidants. The retrieved clinical and preclinical studies show that oxidative stress impacts AUD through genetics, alcohol metabolism, inflammation, and neurodegeneration.
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11
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Simon L, Souza-Smith FM, Molina PE. Alcohol-Associated Tissue Injury: Current Views on Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Annu Rev Physiol 2022; 84:87-112. [PMID: 35143331 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-060821-014008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
At-risk alcohol use is a major contributor to the global health care burden and leads to preventable deaths and diseases including alcohol addiction, alcoholic liver disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, traumatic injuries, gastrointestinal diseases, cancers, and fetal alcohol syndrome. Excessive and frequent alcohol consumption has increasingly been linked to alcohol-associated tissue injury and pathophysiology, which have significant adverse effects on multiple organ systems. Extensive research in animal and in vitro models has elucidated the salient mechanisms involved in alcohol-induced tissue and organ injury. In some cases, these pathophysiological mechanisms are shared across organ systems. The major alcohol- and alcohol metabolite-mediated mechanisms include oxidative stress, inflammation and immunometabolic dysregulation, gut leak and dysbiosis, cell death, extracellular matrix remodeling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and epigenomic modifications. These mechanisms are complex and interrelated, and determining the interplay among them will make it possible to identify how they synergistically or additively interact to cause alcohol-mediated multiorgan injury. In this article, we review the current understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms involved in alcohol-induced tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz Simon
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA;
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Flavia M Souza-Smith
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA;
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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12
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Exploring the Role of Alcohol Metabolizing Genotypes in a 12-Week Clinical Trial of Naltrexone for Alcohol Use Disorder. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101495. [PMID: 34680127 PMCID: PMC8533258 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The efficacy of naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been associated with a set of variables not directly related with the expression of opioid receptors. All the variables have been found to be highly associated with AUD itself or more severe clinical levels of AUD. Objectives: Given the high association between alcohol metabolizing enzymes (AME) and the outcome of AUD, the present study aims to investigate the role of AME genotype variants in the treatment of AUD with naltrexone. Methods: We carried out a 12-week longitudinal clinical trial based on the treatment of AUD patients with naltrexone (N = 101), stratified by different alcohol metabolization genotypes. Genotyping was performed after the inclusion of the patients in the study, based on the individual presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase)1B (ADH1B*2 and ADH1B*3), ADH1C (ADHC*1) and ALDH (aldehyde dehydrogenase) 2 (ALDH2*2) genes. The outcome of alcohol use has been monitored employing the timeline follow-back during the treatment. Results: The ADH1C*1 (Ile350Val, rs698) and ALDH2*2 (Glu504Lys, rs671) polymorphisms were associated with a better response to naltrexone treatment, whereas the ADH1B*3 (Arg370Cys, rs2066702) allelic variant showed a negative outcome. Conclusions: The present study explores a genomic setting for the treatment of AUD with naltrexone. According to our findings, the association between ADH1C*1 and ALDH2*2 variants and better outcomes suggests a successful treatment, whereas the ADH1B*3 mutated allele might lead to an unsuccessful treatment. Further studies should be performed to investigate the relationship between alcohol metabolizing genotypes, the family history of alcohol use disorders and the effect of naltrexone on the outcomes. Genotyping may be a valuable tool for precision-medicine and individualized approach, especially in the context of alcohol use disorders. The small number of subjects was the main limitation of the present study.
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13
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Cortical thickness is differently associated with ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism according to level of amyloid deposition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19529. [PMID: 34593890 PMCID: PMC8484554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and biogenic aldehyde accumulation contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Human aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) metabolizes biogenic aldehydes produced in the brain to prevent damage. However, r671G>A, a single nucleotide polymorphism of ALDH2, causes aldehyde accumulation and decreased ALDH2 activity. We aimed to investigate whether Aβ deposition and rs671 polymorphism have an interaction effect on cortical thickness (CTh). We grouped 179 participants in the Biobank Innovations for chronic Cerebrovascular disease With ALZheimer's disease Study as follows: amyloid (–) [A(–)] and amyloid (+) [A(+)] groups based on the Aβ deposition degree; A-carrier (AC) and GG (GG) groups based on the presence/absence of the rs671 A allele; and their combinations, i.e., A(–)AC, A(–)GG, A(+)AC, and A(+)GG groups. A multiple regression analysis identified nine regions of interest. Compared with the A(–)GG group, the A(–)AC group showed thinner CTh in all regions. There were no significant differences between the A(+)AC and A(+)GG groups. We observed an interaction effect of amyloid deposition and rs671 polymorphism on CTh. The CTh in the A(–) group appeared to be strongly influenced by rs671 polymorphism, which could have contributed to cortical thinning and biogenic aldehyde accumulation in the AC group. Additionally, CTh in the A(+) group appeared to be strongly influenced by amyloid deposition.
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14
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Hoes L, Dok R, Verstrepen KJ, Nuyts S. Ethanol-Induced Cell Damage Can Result in the Development of Oral Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153846. [PMID: 34359747 PMCID: PMC8345464 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Alcohol consumption is linked to 26.4% of all lip and oral cavity cancer cases worldwide. Despite this clear causal relationship, the exact molecular mechanisms by which ethanol damages cells are still under investigation. It is well-established that the metabolism of ethanol plays an important role. Ethanol metabolism yields reactive metabolites that can directly damage the DNA. If the damage is repaired incorrectly, mutations can be fixed in the DNA sequence. Whenever mutations affect key regulatory genes, for instance cell cycle regulating genes, uncontrolled cell growth can be the consequence. Recently, global patterns of mutations have been identified. These so-called mutational signatures represent a fingerprint of the different mutational processes over time. Interestingly, there were ethanol-related signatures discovered that did not associate with ethanol metabolism. This finding highlights there might be other molecular effects of ethanol that are yet to be discovered. Abstract Alcohol consumption is an underestimated risk factor for the development of precancerous lesions in the oral cavity. Although alcohol is a well-accepted recreational drug, 26.4% of all lip and oral cavity cancers worldwide are related to heavy drinking. Molecular mechanisms underlying this carcinogenic effect of ethanol are still under investigation. An important damaging effect comes from the first metabolite of ethanol, being acetaldehyde. Concentrations of acetaldehyde detected in the oral cavity are relatively high due to the metabolization of ethanol by oral microbes. Acetaldehyde can directly damage the DNA by the formation of mutagenic DNA adducts and interstrand crosslinks. Additionally, ethanol is known to affect epigenetic methylation and acetylation patterns, which are important regulators of gene expression. Ethanol-induced hypomethylation can activate the expression of oncogenes which subsequently can result in malignant transformation. The recent identification of ethanol-related mutational signatures emphasizes the role of acetaldehyde in alcohol-associated carcinogenesis. However, not all signatures associated with alcohol intake also relate to acetaldehyde. This finding highlights that there might be other effects of ethanol yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lore Hoes
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.H.); (K.J.V.)
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Rüveyda Dok
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Kevin J. Verstrepen
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.H.); (K.J.V.)
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Nuyts
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-1634-7600; Fax: +32-1634-7623
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15
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Yokoyama A, Yokoyama T, Kimura M, Matsushita S, Yokoyama M. Combinations of alcohol-induced flushing with genetic polymorphisms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and the risk of alcohol dependence in Japanese men and women. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255276. [PMID: 34310648 PMCID: PMC8312924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The risk of alcohol dependence (AD) in Japanese men and women was evaluated according to combinations of alcohol flushing and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2, rs671) and alcohol dehydrogenase-1B (ADH1B, rs1229984) genotypes, all of which are known to determine AD susceptibility in Asians. Previous studies have focused on men, since women account for a smaller proportion of AD subjects. METHODS Case control studies were conducted between 3721 male and 335 female AD Japanese and 610 male and 406 female controls who were asked about their current or former tendency to experience facial flushing after drinking a glass of beer and underwent ALDH2 and ADH1B genotyping. The time at which alcohol-induced facial flushing tendencies had disappeared in former-flushing AD subjects was also evaluated. RESULTS Current alcohol flushing, the inactive ALDH2*1/*2 genotype, and the fast-metabolizing ADH1B*2 allele were less frequently found in the AD groups. Although alcohol flushing was strongly influenced by the ALDH2 and ADH1B genotypes, multiple logistic model showed that never or former flushing and the genotype combinations were independent strong risk factors of AD in men and women. Never or former flushing (vs. current flushing) markedly increased the odds ratios of AD in carriers of each of the ALDH2 and ADH1B genotype combinations. The temporal profiles for drinking and flushing in former-flushing AD subjects revealed that the flushing response disappeared soon after or before the start of habitual drinking during young adulthood, regardless of the ALDH2 genotype. CONCLUSION Although alcohol flushing is influenced by the ALDH2 and ADH1B genotypes, constitutional or acquired flushing tolerance is an independent susceptibility trait for AD. The combination of the alcohol flushing status and the ALDH2 and ADH1B genotypes can provide a better new strategy for AD risk assessment than the alcohol flushing status alone or the genotypes alone in Asian men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yokoyama
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tetsuji Yokoyama
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kimura
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sachio Matsushita
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masako Yokoyama
- Mitsukoshi Health and Welfare Foundation, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Bayih WA, Ayalew MY, Tadege M, Mekie M, Kiros T, Alemu EM, Alemnew EF, Getacher L, Belay DM, Birhane BM, Alemu DKD, Yitbarek GY, Kefale B. The Burden of Adverse Neonatal Outcome among Antenatal Substance Users in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Glob Pediatr Health 2021; 8:2333794X211019699. [PMID: 34104698 PMCID: PMC8161854 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x211019699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Substances mainly khat, alcohol and cigarette are used during pregnancy in Ethiopia. However, to this date, there is no pooled evidence about the burden of adverse neonatal outcomes among the substance users during pregnancy in the country. Methods. Eligible primary studies were accessed from 4 international data bases (Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed). The required data were extracted from these studies and then exported to stata version 14 for analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted for evidence of heterogeneity. Results. A total of 2298 neonates were included from 7 studies. Among these neonates, 530(23.06%) were those whose mothers used substance during pregnancy (exposed group) whereas 1768 neonates were those whose mothers didn’t use substance during pregnancy (controls group). The pooled prevalence of adverse neonatal outcome among the exposed mothers was 38.32% (95% CI: 29.48%, 47.16%; I2 = 76.3%) whereas it was 16.29% (95% CI: 9.45%, 23.13%) among the controls. Adverse neonatal outcome was most burdensome among cigarette smokers 45.20% (95% CI: 37.68%, 52.73%; I2 = .00%) when compared with khat chewers 34.00% (95% CI: 20.87%, 47.13%) and alcohol drinkers 38.47% (95% CI: 17.96%, 58.98%). Low birth weight 42.00% (95% CI: 18.01%, 65.99%; I2 = 91.8%) was the most common adverse birth outcome. Conclusion. It was found that adverse neonatal outcomes were much more burdensome among antenatal substance users than the controls. Therefore, mothers should be enabled to quit using substance before pregnancy. Besides, strict comprehensive screening of every pregnant mother should be made at antenatal care clinics for early identification and management of antenatal substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wubet Alebachew Bayih
- Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.,Master of Science degree in Maternity and Neonatal Health Nursing
| | - Metadel Yibeltal Ayalew
- Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.,Bachelor of Science degree in Comprehensive Nursing
| | - Melaku Tadege
- Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.,Assistant Professor of Human Nutrition
| | - Maru Mekie
- Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.,Master of Public Health degree in Reproductive Health
| | - Teklehaimanot Kiros
- Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.,Master of Science degree in Medical Micro-Biology
| | - Eshetie Molla Alemu
- Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.,Master of Public Health degree in Reproductive Health
| | - Efrem Fenta Alemnew
- Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.,Master of Science degree in Advanced Clinical Anesthesia
| | - Lemma Getacher
- Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.,Master of Public Health degree in Human Nutrition
| | - Demeke Mesfin Belay
- Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.,Master of Science degree in Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing
| | - Binyam Minuye Birhane
- Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.,Master of Science degree in Maternity and Neonatal Health Nursing
| | | | - Getachew Yideg Yitbarek
- Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.,Master of Science degree in Medical Physiology
| | - Belayneh Kefale
- Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.,Master of Science degree in Clinical Pharmacy
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17
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Szentkereszty-Kovács Z, Gáspár K, Szegedi A, Kemény L, Kovács D, Törőcsik D. Alcohol in Psoriasis-From Bench to Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094987. [PMID: 34067223 PMCID: PMC8125812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol affects the symptoms, compliance and comorbidities as well as the safety and efficacy of treatments in psoriatic patients. In this review, we aim to summarize and link clinical observations with a molecular background, such as signaling pathways at the cellular level and genetic variations, and to provide an overview of how this knowledge could influence our treatment selection and patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Szentkereszty-Kovács
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.S.-K.); (K.G.); (A.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Krisztián Gáspár
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.S.-K.); (K.G.); (A.S.); (D.K.)
- Division of Dermatological Allergology, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szegedi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.S.-K.); (K.G.); (A.S.); (D.K.)
- Division of Dermatological Allergology, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lajos Kemény
- HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Korányi fasor 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Kovács
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.S.-K.); (K.G.); (A.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Dániel Törőcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.S.-K.); (K.G.); (A.S.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52-255-602
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18
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de Melo-Martin I, Crystal RG. Primum Non Nocere: Should Gene Therapy Be Used to Prevent Potentially Fatal Disease but Enable Potentially Destructive Behavior? Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:529-534. [PMID: 33752441 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) deficiency constitutes one of the most common hereditary enzyme deficiencies, affecting 35% to 40% of East Asians and 8% of the world population. It causes the well-known Asian Alcohol Flush Syndrome, characterized by facial flushing, palpitation, tachycardia, nausea, and other unpleasant feelings when alcohol is consumed. It is also associated with a marked increase in the risk of a variety of serious disorders, including esophageal cancer and osteoporosis. Our recent studies with murine models have demonstrated that a one-time administration of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene transfer vector expressing the human ALDH2 coding sequence (AAVrh.10hALDH2) will correct the deficiency state and prevent alcohol-induced abnormalities of the esophagus and bone. If successful in humans, such strategy would reduce the increased risk-associated disorders such as esophageal cancer and osteoporosis, but also prevent the Asian Alcohol Flush Syndrome. This treatment thus raises ethical concerns: although it would potentially prevent fatal disease, it could also allow affected individuals to drink alcohol without suffering the Asian Alcohol Flush Syndrome and, hence, potentially enable personal destructive behavior. Here we explore the ethical arguments against the development of a gene therapy for ALDH2 deficiency and we find them wanting. We contend that development of such treatments is ethically appropriate and should be part and parcel of the solutions offered against the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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19
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Bayih WA, Belay DM, Ayalew MY, Tassew MA, Chanie ES, Feleke DG, Asnakew S, Legas G, Belete A, Mekie M, Yitbarek GY, Aytenew TM, Dessie T, Selomon N, Kebede SD, Liyeh TM, Birhanie BM. The effect of substance use during pregnancy on neonatal outcomes in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06740. [PMID: 33997369 PMCID: PMC8093475 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Substance use during pregnancy mainly khat chewing (20%) and alcohol drinking (18.1%) are commonly practiced in Ethiopia. However, the effect of using these substances has not been studied nationally yet. Thus, this study was aimed to examine national evidence about the effect of substance use during pregnancy on birth outcome in the country, 2020. Methods Primary studies were accessed through Google scholar, HINARI, SCOPUS and PubMed databases. The methodological and evidence quality of the included studies were critically appraised by the modified Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment tool scale adapted for observational studies. From eligible studies, two authors extracted author/year, study region, study design, sample size and reported effect of antenatal substance use on birth outcome on an excel spreadsheet. During critical appraisal and data extraction, disagreements between the two authors were resolved by the involvement of a third author. The extracted data were then exported to stata version 14. Effect sizes were pooled using the fixed-effects model due to homogenous primary studies (I2 = 0.0%). Presence of publication bias was detected from asymmetry of funnel plot and statistically significant Egger's test (p = 0.000). Results In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a total of 5,343 mother-neonate pairs were included from 15 studies. Alcohol, khat, cigarette and narghile were used during pregnancy, and significant adverse birth outcomes attributable to these substances were reported. From the pooled effect of alcohol use, drinking mothers were twice (95%CI: AOR = 2.16; 1.16, 3.17) likely to have newborns with birth defect; 9 times (95% CI: AOR = 9.39; 2.84, 15.94) more prone to own low birth weight neonates; and 1.9 times more prone to deliver preterm neonates (95% CI: AOR = 1.93; 0.52, 3.33) than the nondrinkers. Khat users were 2.4 times (95%CI: AOR = 2.4; 1.11, 5.19) more likely to have congenitally defected neonates; and 3.1 times (95%CI: AOR = 3.19; 1.01, 5.37) more risked to possess low birth weight neonates. Furthermore, antenatal cigarette smokers (95% CI: AOR = 4.36 (1.75, 6.98)) and narghile users (95% CI: AOR = 20.1; 3.94, 103) were at 4 and 20 times more likelihood of having low birth weight neonates as compared to their counterparts. Conclusion Prematurity, low birth weight and congenital malformation were the investigated adverse effects of antenatal substance use in Ethiopia. Therefore, the existing public health efforts should be encouraged to help women stop using these substances completely before pregnancy. Moreover, increasing public awareness about the potential negative impacts of substance use during pregnancy on birth outcome would be of greatest importance for comprehensive prevention of the problem.
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20
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Swain Y, Gewirtz JC, Harris AC. Behavioral predictors of individual differences in opioid addiction vulnerability as measured using i.v. self-administration in rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 221:108561. [PMID: 33588371 PMCID: PMC8048102 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Like other forms of psychopathology, vulnerability to opioid addiction is subject to wide individual differences. Animal behavioral models are valuable in advancing our understanding of mechanisms underlying vulnerability to the disorder's development and amenability to treatment. METHODS This review provides an overview of preclinical work on behavioral predictors of opioid addiction vulnerability as measured using the intravenous (i.v.) self-administration (SA) model in rats. We also highlight several new approaches to studying individual differences in opioid addiction vulnerability in preclinical models that could have greater sensitivity and lead to more clinically relevant findings. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Evidence for the relationship between various behavioral traits and opioid SA in the preclinical literature is limited. With the possible exceptions of sensitivity to opioid agonist/withdrawal effects and stress reactivity, predictors of individual differences in SA of other drugs of abuse (e.g. sensation-seeking, impulsivity) do not predict vulnerability to opioid SA in rats. Refinement of SA measures and the use of multivariate designs and statistics could help identify predictors of opioid SA and lead to more clinically relevant studies on opioid addiction vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi Swain
- Departments of Psychology, University of Minnesota, United States; Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, United States
| | | | - Andrew C Harris
- Departments of Psychology, University of Minnesota, United States; Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, United States; Departments of Medicine, University of Minnesota, United States.
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21
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Fan HH, Guo Q, Zheng J, Lian YZ, Huang SS, Sun Y, Zou M, Zhu JH, Zhang X. ALDH1A1 Genetic Variations May Modulate Risk of Parkinson's Disease in Han Chinese Population. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:620929. [PMID: 33815038 PMCID: PMC8017280 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.620929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies in animal models have suggested that aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (encoded by ALDH1A1) protects against Parkinson’s disease (PD) by reducing toxic metabolites of dopamine. Herein we aimed to investigate whether ALDH1A1 was genetically associated with PD susceptibility in humans. Methods: A Han Chinese population of 1,039 subjects was recruited to analyze six tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), followed by haplotype analyses and variants interaction analyses. Real-time PCR was used to analyze mRNA levels of ALDH1A1 in peripheral blood of 42 subjects. Results: The tag-SNP rs7043217 of ALDH1A1 was significantly associated with PD susceptibility with the T serving as a risk allele (genotype frequency, P = 0.030; allele frequency, P = 0.013, OR = 1.258, 95% CI = 1.050–1.508). Multiple haplotypes were linked to abnormalities of PD risk, topped by a 4-SNP GGTA module in the order of rs4646547, rs1888202, rs7043217, and rs647880 (P = 9.610 × 10–8, OR = 6.420, 95% CI = 2.944–13.998). Interaction analyses showed that a simultaneous presence of the CC genotype of rs7043217 and the TT genotype of ALDH2 variant rs4767944 conferred an elevated protection against PD (P = 4.68 × 10–4, OR = 0.378, 95% CI = 0.219–0.652). The mRNA expression of ALDH1A1 showed a trend of reduction (P = 0.084) in PD patients compared to the controls. Conclusion: Our results provide novel genetic insights into the role of ALDH1 in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Fan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi-Zhi Lian
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shi-Shi Huang
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ming Zou
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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22
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Li W, Thygesen JH, O'Brien NL, Heydtmann M, Smith I, Degenhardt F, Nöthen MM, Morgan MY, Bass NJ, McQuillin A. The influence of regression models on genome-wide association studies of alcohol dependence: a comparison of binary and quantitative analyses. Psychiatr Genet 2021; 31:13-20. [PMID: 33290381 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) offer a platform to detect genetic risk loci. However, the majority of the ADS GWAS undertaken, to date, have utilized a case-control design and have failed to identify consistently replicable loci with the exception of protective variants within the alcohol metabolizing genes, notably ADH1B. The ADS phenotype shows considerable variability which means that the use of quantitative variables as a proxy for the severity of ADS has the potential to facilitate identification of risk loci by increasing statistical power. The current study aims to examine the influences of using binary and adjusted quantitative measures of ADS on GWAS outcomes and on calculated polygenic risk scores (PRS). METHODS A GWAS was performed in 1251 healthy controls with no history of excess alcohol use and 739 patients with ADS classified using binary DMS-IV criteria. Two additional GWAS were undertaken using a quantitative score based on DSM-IV criteria, which were applied assuming both normal and non-normal distributions of the phenotypic variables. PRS analyses were performed utilizing the data from the binary and the quantitative trait analyses. RESULTS No associations were identified at genome-wide significance in any of the individual GWAS; results were comparable in all three. The top associated single nucleotide polymorphism was located on the alcohol dehydrogenase gene cluster on chromosome 4, consistent with previous ADS GWAS. The quantitative trait analysis adjusted for the distribution of the criterion score and the associated PRS had the smallest standard errors and thus the greatest precision. CONCLUSION Further exploitation of the use of qualitative trait analysis in GWAS in ADS is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqianglong Li
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London
| | - Johan Hilge Thygesen
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London
| | - Niamh Louise O'Brien
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London
| | - Mathis Heydtmann
- Royal Alexandria Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Paisley
| | - Iain Smith
- Glasgow Addiction Services, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Maria Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn
| | - Marsha Yvonne Morgan
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas James Bass
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London
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23
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Cook WK, Tam CC, Luczak SE, Kerr WC, Mulia N, Lui C, Li L. Alcohol Consumption, Cardiovascular-Related Conditions, and ALDH2*2 Ethnic Group Prevalence in Asian Americans. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 45:418-428. [PMID: 33349921 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the relationships between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and related chronic conditions in Asian Americans and how such risk relationships vary among their subgroups. We examine these relationships in Asian Americans and their moderation by ethnic prevalence of a variant the aldehyde dehydrogenase gene: ALDH2*2. METHODS Multiple logistic regression modeling was performed using a nationally representative sample of Asian-American adults aged 30 to 70 (n = 1,720) from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Waves 2 (2004 to 2005) and 3 (2012 to 2013). Outcomes considered were diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, CVD, any of the 3 conditions (i.e., diabetes, high cholesterol, and CVD) documented to have a J-shaped relationship with drinking (CVDRC3), and any of the CVD-related conditions (ANYCVD). Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, health insurance coverage, and other lifestyle risk factors (smoking and obesity/overweight) were adjusted. Analyses were stratified by gender. RESULTS Alcohol consumption level was positively associated only with hypertension in Asian males, with consuming 7 to 14 drinks per week associated with more than double the risk of lifetime abstinence. For females, alcohol consumption had a dose-response relationship with high cholesterol and CVDRC3. Membership in the higher ALDH2*2 ethnic group overall was associated with lower risk of CVD-related conditions. However, compared to abstainers in lower ALDH2*2 group, females in the higher ALDH2*2 group who consumed more than 7 drinks per week had a higher risk of diabetes, hypertension, CVDRC3, and ANYCVD. CONCLUSIONS Asian Americans may have increased risk of CVD-related conditions at relatively low alcohol consumption levels. Among Asian-American females, in particular, any amount of drinking may increase risk for high cholesterol or any of the CVD-related conditions previously documented to have a curvilinear relationship with drinking. These risks may be particularly elevated for those in ethnic groups with a high prevalence of ALDH2*2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kim Cook
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Christina C Tam
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | | | - William C Kerr
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Nina Mulia
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Camillia Lui
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Libo Li
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
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24
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Impacts of interactions between ADH1B and ALDH2 genotypes on alcohol flushing, alcohol reeking on the day after drinking, and age distribution in Japanese alcohol-dependent men. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2020; 30:54-60. [PMID: 32084087 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to evaluate the impacts of interactions between the alcohol dehydrogenase-1B (rs1229984) genotype and the aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (rs671) genotype on alcohol flushing, alcohol reeking on the day after drinking, and the age distribution in alcohol-dependent patients. METHODS The study subjects were 4107 Japanese alcohol-dependent men who underwent alcohol dehydrogenase-1B and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genotyping: 4051 patients were asked about their current or former tendency to experience facial flushing after drinking a glass of beer, and 969 patients were asked about whether they had ever been told that they reeked of alcohol more than 12 hours after they had stopped drinking. RESULTS Current, former, and never flushing were reported in 3.5, 14.9, and 81.5%, respectively, of the subject, and alcohol reeking after more than 12 hours in 36.1% of the subjects. The fast-metabolizing ADH1B*2(+) genotype (*1/*2 or *2/*2) and the inactive ALDH2*2(+) genotype (*1/*2 or *2/*2) affected the multivariate odds ratios for current or former flushing [odds ratio, 95% confidence interval = 2.27 (1.79-2.86) and 23.0 (18.6-28.5), respectively, vs. *2(-) genotype] and for alcohol reeking [0.39 (0.29-0.52) and 1.56 (1.09-2.25), respectively, vs. *2(-) genotype]. An age-dependent decrease in the ADH1B*2(-) and ALDH2*2(-) combination from 32.3% in the 30-39-year age group to 12.5% in the 70-79-year age group and an age-dependent increase in the ADH1B*2(+) and ALDH2*2(-) combination from 52.5% in the 30-39-year age group to 70.5% in the 70-79-year age group were observed (P < 0.0001 for trend). The frequencies of the ADH1B*2(-) and ALDH2*2(+) combination (4.7-6.2%) and the ADH1B*2(+) and ALDH2*2(+) combination (8.9-12.0%) did not change markedly with increasing age. CONCLUSION Interactions between the alcohol dehydrogenase-1B and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genotypes modified alcohol flushing, alcohol reeking on the day after drinking, and the age distribution. These findings support the protective roles of the ADH1B*2(+) and ALDH2*2(+) genotypes against the development of alcohol dependence.
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25
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Alcohol consumption is associated with glaucoma severity regardless of ALDH2 polymorphism. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17422. [PMID: 33060820 PMCID: PMC7566644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74470-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of aldehyde dehydrogenase2 (ALDH2) rs671 polymorphism and alcohol consumption on the severity of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The questionnaire for alcohol consumption pattern and targeted genotyping for ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism was performed from 445 Korean POAG patients. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thicknesses were measured and compared according to alcohol consumption and ALDH2 rs671 genotype. Heavy drinking group eyes had thinner RNFL thickness than did abstinence group eyes (65.0 ± 10.9 vs. 70.9 ± 11.5 µm, P = 0.023). Both mild (65.8 ± 9.6 µm) and heavy (63.8 ± 8.4 µm) drinking group eyes had significantly thinner macular GCIPL thickness than did abstinence group eyes (68.1 ± 8.2 µm, P = 0.003). However, ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism did not show any significant association with RNFL or GCIPL thickness. Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with GCIPL thinning (β = –0.446, P = 0.035) after adjustment for multiple confounding factors. As excessive alcohol consumption was significantly associated with thinner GCIPL thickness while ALDH2 polymorphism had no significant effect on RNFL or GCIPL thickness, glaucoma patients should avoid excessive alcohol consumption regardless of ALDH2 polymorphism.
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26
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Itoh M, Yonemoto T, Ueno F, Iwahara C, Yumoto Y, Nakayama H, Maesato H, Kimura M, Matsushita S. Influence of Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders on the Risk of Development of Alcohol Dependence by Genetic Variations of ALDH2 and ADH1B. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:2275-2282. [PMID: 32890420 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) is a well-known deterrent to the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD), and however, some individuals with inactive ALDH2 do go on to develop AUD. These alcoholics are likely to have strong risk factors for the development of this disorder. Using a model of alcoholics with inactive ALDH2 (the AIA model), we investigated the unique characteristics of alcoholics with inactive ALDH2 in an attempt to identify the risk factors for AUD. In this study, we focused on comorbid psychiatric and personality disorders as potential risk factors for AUD. METHODS The subjects were 103 male alcoholics with inactive ALDH2 (AIAs), 87 age- and ADH1B genotype-matched alcoholics with active ALDH2 (AAAs) and 200 age-matched healthy men. The alcoholics were divided into 4 subgroups according to their ALDH2 and ADH1B genotypes (inactive ALDH2 vs. active ALDH2, usual ADH1B vs. superactive ADH1B). To assess the participants' comorbid psychiatric disorders, we conducted semi-structured interviews using the Japanese translation of SSAGA version 2. We compared the prevalence of comorbid psychiatric and personality disorders among groups with different combinations of the ALDH2 and ADH1B genotypes. RESULTS The prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was significantly higher in the AIAs with usual ADH1B than in the other 3 subgroups of alcoholics. In contrast, the prevalence rates of agoraphobia and panic disorder were significantly lower in the AIAs with superactive ADH1B than in the other 3 subgroups of alcoholics. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that (i) ADHD is a risk factor for AUD, consistent with previous reports; (ii) agoraphobia and panic disorder may have deterrent effects against the development of AUD in individuals with inactive ALDH2, probably attributable to the similarity between the symptoms of agoraphobia and panic disorder and the adverse reactions to consumption of alcohol in subjects with inactive ALDH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Itoh
- From the, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center (MI, TY, FU, CI, YY, HN, HM, MK, SM), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yonemoto
- From the, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center (MI, TY, FU, CI, YY, HN, HM, MK, SM), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Ueno
- From the, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center (MI, TY, FU, CI, YY, HN, HM, MK, SM), Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry (FU), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Multimodal Imaging Group (FU), Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Geriatric Psychiatry Division (FU), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chie Iwahara
- From the, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center (MI, TY, FU, CI, YY, HN, HM, MK, SM), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yumoto
- From the, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center (MI, TY, FU, CI, YY, HN, HM, MK, SM), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- From the, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center (MI, TY, FU, CI, YY, HN, HM, MK, SM), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maesato
- From the, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center (MI, TY, FU, CI, YY, HN, HM, MK, SM), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kimura
- From the, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center (MI, TY, FU, CI, YY, HN, HM, MK, SM), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sachio Matsushita
- From the, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center (MI, TY, FU, CI, YY, HN, HM, MK, SM), Kanagawa, Japan
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27
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Hibberd R, Golovina E, Farrow S, O'Sullivan JM. Genetic variants associated with alcohol dependence co-ordinate regulation of ADH genes in gastrointestinal and adipose tissues. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9897. [PMID: 32555468 PMCID: PMC7303195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
GWAS studies have identified genetic variants associated with Alcohol Dependence (AD), but how they link to genes, their regulation and disease traits, remains largely unexplored. Here we integrated information on the 3D genome organization with expression quantitative loci (eQTLs) analysis, using CoDeS3D, to identify the functional impacts of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with AD (p < 1 × 10-6). We report that 42% of the 285 significant tissue-specific regulatory interactions we identify were associated with four genes encoding Alcohol Dehydrogenase - ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH1C and ADH4. Identified eQTLs produced a co-ordinated regulatory action between ADH genes, especially between ADH1A and ADH1C within the subcutaneous adipose and gastrointestinal tissues. Five eQTLs were associated with regulatory motif alterations and tissue-specific histone marks consistent with these variants falling in enhancer and promoter regions. By contrast, few regulatory connections were identified in the stomach and liver. This suggests that changes in gene regulation associated with AD are linked to changes in tissues other than the primary sites of alcohol absorption and metabolism. Future work to functionally characterise the putative regulatory regions we have identified and their links to metabolic and regulatory changes in genes will improve our mechanistic understanding of AD disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hibberd
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Natural Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Evgeniia Golovina
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sophie Farrow
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin M O'Sullivan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Gupta I, Dandavate R, Gupta P, Agrawal V, Kapoor M. Recent advances in genetic studies of alcohol use disorders. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2020; 8:27-34. [PMID: 33344068 PMCID: PMC7748121 DOI: 10.1007/s40142-020-00185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a complex genetic disorder with very high heritability. This polygenic disorder not only results in increased morbidity and mortality, it is also a substantial social and economic burden on families and the nation. For past three decades, several genetic studies were conducted to identify genes and pathways associated with AUD. This review aims to summarize past efforts and recent advances in genetic association studies of AUD and related traits. RECENT FINDINGS Initial genetic association studies achieved a limted success and suffered from low power due to small sample sizes. AUD is a polygenic trait and data from several thousands individuals was required to identify the genetic factors of small effect sizes. The scenario changed recently with technological advances and significant reduction in cost of the genome wide association analyses (GWAS). This enabled researchers to generate genomic data on mega biobanks and cohorts with access to extensive clinical and non-clinical phenotypes. Public access to data from biobanks and collaborative efforts of researchers lead to identification of several novel loci associated with AUDs and related traits. Efforts are now underway to identify the causal variants under the GWAS loci to identify target genes and biological mechanisms underpining AUDs. Many GWAS variants occur in promoter or enhancer regions of the genes and are involved in regulation of gene expression of causal genes. This, large amounts of "omics" data from projects such as "ENCODE", RoadMap and GTEx is also helping researchers to integrate "multi-omics" data to interpret functional significance of GWAS variants. SUMMARY With current review, we aim to present the recent advances in genetic and molecular studies of AUDs. Recent successes in genetic studies of AUDs will definetely motivate researchers and lead to better therapeutic interventions for this complex disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rohan Dandavate
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Pallavi Gupta
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Viplav Agrawal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Manav Kapoor
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New york, USA
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Wu WC, Hsieh HF, Chang HY, Lin HC, Buu A. Aggressive-Depressive Trajectories in Childhood and Their Associations with Drinking Behaviors and Problems in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 49:1897-1912. [PMID: 32323094 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01242-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Research indicates that externalizing and internalizing pathways emanated in childhood are connected to later drinking behaviors; however, no study has investigated the contemporaneous effects of the two pathways using a person-centered approach that categorizes individuals based on their various developmental patterns. This study examined the distinct patterns of concurrent development of aggression and depressive symptoms in childhood and their associations with later drinking behaviors using data from a 15-year Taiwanese cohort since age 8 (N = 2854, 49% females). Group-based multi-trajectory modeling identified four aggressive-depressive trajectory groups: Moderate, Aggressive, Depressive, and Comorbid, which manifested a sequential risk gradient in alcohol use. Comorbid group, characterized by persistently high levels of aggression and depressive symptoms, has the highest levels of alcohol use and drinking problems and the earliest onset of drinking. Aggressive and Depressive groups have higher levels of alcohol use and earlier onset of drinking than Moderate group. These findings imply the importance of monitoring aggression and depressive symptoms simultaneously and continually in childhood to prevent later drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Wu
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hsing-Yi Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miao-li, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chang Lin
- School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Anne Buu
- Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
Nervous systems allow animals to acutely respond and behaviorally adapt to changes and recurring patterns in their environment at multiple timescales-from milliseconds to years. Behavior is further shaped at intergenerational timescales by genetic variation, drift, and selection. This sophistication and flexibility of behavior makes it challenging to measure behavior consistently in individual subjects and to compare it across individuals. In spite of these challenges, careful behavioral observations in nature and controlled measurements in the laboratory, combined with modern technologies and powerful genetic approaches, have led to important discoveries about the way genetic variation shapes behavior. A critical mass of genes whose variation is known to modulate behavior in nature is finally accumulating, allowing us to recognize emerging patterns. In this review, we first discuss genetic mapping approaches useful for studying behavior. We then survey how variation acts at different levels-in environmental sensation, in internal neuronal circuits, and outside the nervous system altogether-and then discuss the sources and types of molecular variation linked to behavior and the mechanisms that shape such variation. We end by discussing remaining questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Niepoth
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; ,
| | - Andres Bendesky
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; ,
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31
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Zaso MJ, Goodhines PA, Wall TL, Park A. Meta-Analysis on Associations of Alcohol Metabolism Genes With Alcohol Use Disorder in East Asians. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 54:216-224. [PMID: 30834931 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The current meta-analysis tested independent and composite associations of three commonly studied alcohol metabolism alleles with alcohol use disorder (AUD) within East Asians as well as characterized potential moderating factors in these associations. METHODS For meta-analysis, 32 articles were selected that investigated ALDH2 (n = 17,755), ADH1B (n = 13,591) and ADH1C (n = 4,093) associations with AUD in East Asians. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS All three variants were associated with AUD across allelic and genotypic models: ALDH2, ORs = 0.25, P < 0.001; ADH1B, ORs = 0.22-0.49, P < 0.001; ADH1C, ORs = 0.26-0.46, P < 0.001. Composite analyses suggested genetic associations did not differ across ALDH2*2 and ADH1B*2, correcting for multiple comparisons. Moderation analyses suggested ADH1B was more strongly associated with AUD among samples with cases recruited from treatment than the community. Also, strength of ALDH2 and/or ADH1B associations varied with mean age and proportion of men in cases and controls. Findings support medium to large and unique associations of ALDH2, ADH1B, and ADH1C with AUD in East Asians. Results also identified novel methodological and sample characteristics that may modulate strength of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Zaso
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Patricia A Goodhines
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Tamara L Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA.,V.A. San Diego Health System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Aesoon Park
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY, USA
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32
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Howe LJ, Lawson DJ, Davies NM, St Pourcain B, Lewis SJ, Davey Smith G, Hemani G. Genetic evidence for assortative mating on alcohol consumption in the UK Biobank. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5039. [PMID: 31745073 PMCID: PMC6864067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use is correlated within spouse-pairs, but it is difficult to disentangle effects of alcohol consumption on mate-selection from social factors or the shared spousal environment. We hypothesised that genetic variants related to alcohol consumption may, via their effect on alcohol behaviour, influence mate selection. Here, we find strong evidence that an individual's self-reported alcohol consumption and their genotype at rs1229984, a missense variant in ADH1B, are associated with their partner's self-reported alcohol use. Applying Mendelian randomization, we estimate that a unit increase in an individual's weekly alcohol consumption increases partner's alcohol consumption by 0.26 units (95% C.I. 0.15, 0.38; P = 8.20 × 10-6). Furthermore, we find evidence of spousal genotypic concordance for rs1229984, suggesting that spousal concordance for alcohol consumption existed prior to cohabitation. Although the SNP is strongly associated with ancestry, our results suggest some concordance independent of population stratification. Our findings suggest that alcohol behaviour directly influences mate selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence J Howe
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. .,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Daniel J Lawson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Neil M Davies
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Beate St Pourcain
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Genome-wide association study of alcohol dependence in male Han Chinese and cross-ethnic polygenic risk score comparison. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:249. [PMID: 31591379 PMCID: PMC6779867 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related behaviors are moderately heritable and have ethnic-specific characteristics. At present, genetic studies for alcohol dependence (AD) in Chinese populations are underrepresented. We are the first to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for AD using 533 male alcoholics and 2848 controls of Han Chinese ethnicity and replicate our findings in 146 male alcoholics and 200 male controls. We then assessed genetic effects on AD characteristics (drinking volume/age onset/Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST)/Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11)), and compared the polygenic risk of AD in Han Chinese with other populations (Thai, European American and African American). We found and validated two significant loci, one located in 4q23, with lead SNP rs2075633*ADH1B (Pdiscovery = 6.64 × 10-16) and functional SNP rs1229984*ADH1B (Pdiscovery = 3.93 × 10-13); and the other located in 12q24.12-12q24.13, with lead SNP rs11066001*BRAP (Pdiscovery = 1.63 × 10-9) and functional SNP rs671*ALDH2 (Pdiscovery = 3.44 × 10-9). ADH1B rs1229984 was associated with MAST, BIS_total score and average drinking volume. Polygenic risk scores from the Thai AD and European American AD GWAS were significantly associated with AD in Han Chinese, which were entirely due to the top two loci, however there was no significant prediction from African Americans. This is the first case-control AD GWAS in Han Chinese. Our findings demonstrate that these variants, which were highly linked with ALDH2 rs671 and ADH1B rs1229984, were significant modulators for AD in our Han Chinese cohort. A larger replication cohort is still needed to validate our findings.
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Schuckit MA, Smith TL, Rana B, Mendoza LA, Clarke D, Kawamura M. Performance of the Self-Report of the Effects of Alcohol Questionnaire Across Sexes and Generations. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1384-1390. [PMID: 30933364 PMCID: PMC6602840 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low level of responses (low LRs) to alcohol established using the Self-Report of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE) questionnaire are genetically influenced phenotypes related to heavy drinking and alcohol problems. To date, most studies using SREs focused on scores for the number of drinks needed for effects across the first 5 times of drinking (SRE-5), and few evaluated scores that also included the prior 3 months and heaviest drinking periods (SRE-T). This paper evaluates characteristics of SRE-5 and SRE-T within and across generations. METHODS Data were extracted from 407 participants across 2 generations of 107 families in the San Diego Prospective Study (SDPS). Pearson's product-moment correlations for SRE-5 and SRE-T were determined across first-degree relatives both within and across generations and sexes, as well as correlations of each measure to maximum drinking quantities and alcohol problems. RESULTS Responding to 4 hypotheses, first the analyses demonstrated significant within-generation positive correlations for both SRE measures across brother-brother and sister-sister pairs as well as cross-generation correlations for fathers and sons, although correlations for mothers and daughters were not robust. Second, both SRE-5 and SRE-T correlated with maximum drinks and alcohol problems for both sexes and both generations. Third, within parental and offspring generations SRE-T correlated more robustly than SRE-5 to maximum drinks and alcohol problems. Fourth, across generations SRE values for sons were more closely related to drinking quantities and problems than for their fathers, but the mother-daughter SRE relationships to adverse alcohol characteristics were not different. CONCLUSIONS Both the SRE-5 and SRE-T offered useful information about propensities toward heavier drinking and alcohol problems in SDPS families. Correlations with adverse alcohol outcomes were greater for the more broad-based SRE-T, but both scores appeared to be genetically influenced and continue to operate in a robust manner in both generations of these families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. Schuckit
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Dr, Suite B-218, La Jolla, California, United States, 92037
| | - Tom L. Smith
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Dr, Suite B-218, La Jolla, California, United States, 92037
| | - Brinda Rana
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Dr, Suite B-218, La Jolla, California, United States, 92037
| | - Lee Ann Mendoza
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Dr, Suite B-218, La Jolla, California, United States, 92037
| | - Dennis Clarke
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Dr, Suite B-218, La Jolla, California, United States, 92037
| | - Mari Kawamura
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Dr, Suite B-218, La Jolla, California, United States, 92037
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35
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Johnson EC, St Pierre CL, Meyers JL, Aliev F, McCutcheon VV, Lai D, Dick DM, Goate AM, Kramer J, Kuperman S, Nurnberger JI, Schuckit MA, Porjesz B, Edenberg HJ, Bucholz KK, Agrawal A. The Genetic Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption and Aspects of Problem Drinking in an Ascertained Sample. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1113-1125. [PMID: 30994927 PMCID: PMC6560626 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomewide association studies (GWAS) have begun to identify loci related to alcohol consumption, but little is known about whether this genetic propensity overlaps with specific indices of problem drinking in ascertained samples. METHODS In 6,731 European Americans who had been exposed to alcohol, we examined whether polygenic risk scores (PRS) from a GWAS of weekly alcohol consumption in the UK Biobank predicted variance in 6 alcohol-related phenotypes: alcohol use, maximum drinks within 24 hours (MAXD), total score on the Self-Rating of the Effects of Ethanol Questionnaire (SRE-T), DSM-IV alcohol dependence (DSM4AD), DSM-5 alcohol use disorder symptom counts (DSM5AUDSX), and reduction/cessation of problematic drinking. We also examined the extent to which an single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1229984) in ADH1B, which is strongly associated with both alcohol consumption and dependence, contributed to the polygenic association with these phenotypes and whether PRS interacted with sex, age, or family history of alcoholism to predict alcohol-related outcomes. We performed mixed-effect regression analyses, with family membership and recruitment site included as random effects, as well as survival modeling of age of onset of DSM4AD. RESULTS PRS for alcohol consumption significantly predicted variance in 5 of the 6 outcomes: alcohol use (Δmarginal R2 = 1.39%, Δ area under the curve [AUC] = 0.011), DSM4AD (Δmarginal R2 = 0.56%; ΔAUC = 0.003), DSM5AUDSX (Δmarginal R2 = 0.49%), MAXD (Δmarginal R2 = 0.31%), and SRE-T (Δmarginal R2 = 0.22%). PRS were also associated with onset of DSM4AD (hazard ratio = 1.11, p = 2.08e-5). The inclusion of rs1229984 attenuated the effects of the alcohol consumption PRS, particularly for DSM4AD and DSM5AUDSX, but the PRS continued to exert an independent effect for all 5 alcohol measures (Δmarginal R2 after controlling for ADH1B = 0.14 to 1.22%). Interactions between PRS and sex, age, or family history were nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS Genetic propensity for typical alcohol consumption was associated with alcohol use and was also associated with 4 of the additional 5 outcomes, though the variance explained in this sample was modest. Future GWAS that focus on the multifaceted nature of AUD, which goes beyond consumption, might reveal additional information regarding the polygenic underpinnings of problem drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Celine L St Pierre
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Actuarial and Risk Management, Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology and Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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36
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Brazel DM, Jiang Y, Hughey JM, Turcot V, Zhan X, Gong J, Batini C, Weissenkampen JD, Liu M, Barnes DR, Bertelsen S, Chou YL, Erzurumluoglu AM, Faul JD, Haessler J, Hammerschlag AR, Hsu C, Kapoor M, Lai D, Le N, de Leeuw CA, Loukola A, Mangino M, Melbourne CA, Pistis G, Qaiser B, Rohde R, Shao Y, Stringham H, Wetherill L, Zhao W, Agrawal A, Bierut L, Chen C, Eaton CB, Goate A, Haiman C, Heath A, Iacono WG, Martin NG, Polderman TJ, Reiner A, Rice J, Schlessinger D, Scholte HS, Smith JA, Tardif JC, Tindle HA, van der Leij AR, Boehnke M, Chang-Claude J, Cucca F, David SP, Foroud T, Howson JMM, Kardia SLR, Kooperberg C, Laakso M, Lettre G, Madden P, McGue M, North K, Posthuma D, Spector T, Stram D, Tobin MD, Weir DR, Kaprio J, Abecasis GR, Liu DJ, Vrieze S. Exome Chip Meta-analysis Fine Maps Causal Variants and Elucidates the Genetic Architecture of Rare Coding Variants in Smoking and Alcohol Use. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:946-955. [PMID: 30679032 PMCID: PMC6534468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking and alcohol use have been associated with common genetic variants in multiple loci. Rare variants within these loci hold promise in the identification of biological mechanisms in substance use. Exome arrays and genotype imputation can now efficiently genotype rare nonsynonymous and loss of function variants. Such variants are expected to have deleterious functional consequences and to contribute to disease risk. METHODS We analyzed ∼250,000 rare variants from 16 independent studies genotyped with exome arrays and augmented this dataset with imputed data from the UK Biobank. Associations were tested for five phenotypes: cigarettes per day, pack-years, smoking initiation, age of smoking initiation, and alcoholic drinks per week. We conducted stratified heritability analyses, single-variant tests, and gene-based burden tests of nonsynonymous/loss-of-function coding variants. We performed a novel fine-mapping analysis to winnow the number of putative causal variants within associated loci. RESULTS Meta-analytic sample sizes ranged from 152,348 to 433,216, depending on the phenotype. Rare coding variation explained 1.1% to 2.2% of phenotypic variance, reflecting 11% to 18% of the total single nucleotide polymorphism heritability of these phenotypes. We identified 171 genome-wide associated loci across all phenotypes. Fine mapping identified putative causal variants with double base-pair resolution at 24 of these loci, and between three and 10 variants for 65 loci. Twenty loci contained rare coding variants in the 95% credible intervals. CONCLUSIONS Rare coding variation significantly contributes to the heritability of smoking and alcohol use. Fine-mapping genome-wide association study loci identifies specific variants contributing to the biological etiology of substance use behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Brazel
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jordan M Hughey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Valérie Turcot
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Clinical Science, Center for Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jian Gong
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chiara Batini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - J Dylan Weissenkampen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - MengZhen Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Daniel R Barnes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Bertelsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Yi-Ling Chou
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeff Haessler
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Anke R Hammerschlag
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chris Hsu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Manav Kapoor
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Nhung Le
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Christiaan A de Leeuw
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carl A Melbourne
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgio Pistis
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Beenish Qaiser
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rebecca Rohde
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yaming Shao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Heather Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Laura Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Chu Chen
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, Head and Neck Surgery Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Department of Family Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alison Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - William G Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Tinca J Polderman
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex Reiner
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, Head and Neck Surgery Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - John Rice
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Mathematics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David Schlessinger
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - H Steven Scholte
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hilary A Tindle
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Andries R van der Leij
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Sean P David
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Joanna M M Howson
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pamela Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kari North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Timothy Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gonçalo R Abecasis
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Dajiang J Liu
- Institute of Personalized Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
| | - Scott Vrieze
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Howe LJ, Sharp GC, Hemani G, Zuccolo L, Richmond S, Lewis SJ. Prenatal alcohol exposure and facial morphology in a UK cohort. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 197:42-47. [PMID: 30772781 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of prenatal alcohol exposure are known to cause an array of adverse outcomes including fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS); however, the effects of low to moderate exposure are less-well characterized. Previous findings suggest that differences in normal-range facial morphology may be a marker for alcohol exposure and related adverse effects. METHODS In the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we tested for an association between maternal alcohol consumption and six FAS-related facial phenotypes in their offspring, using both self-report questionnaires and the maternal genotype at rs1229984 in ADH1B as measures of maternal alcohol consumption. RESULTS In both self-reported alcohol consumption (N = 4233) and rs1229984 genotype (N = 3139) analyses, we found no strong statistical evidence for an association between maternal alcohol consumption and facial phenotypes tested. The directions of effect estimates were compatible with the known effects of heavy alcohol exposure, but confidence intervals were largely centered around zero. CONCLUSIONS There is no strong evidence, in a sample representative of the general population, for an effect of prenatal alcohol exposure on normal-range variation in facial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence J Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK
| | - Gemma C Sharp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK; Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Luisa Zuccolo
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Stephen Richmond
- Department of Applied Clinical Research and Public Health, School of Dentistry, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK; Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, UK.
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38
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Edenberg HJ, McClintick JN. Alcohol Dehydrogenases, Aldehyde Dehydrogenases, and Alcohol Use Disorders: A Critical Review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:2281-2297. [PMID: 30320893 PMCID: PMC6286250 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are complex traits, meaning that variations in many genes contribute to the risk, as does the environment. Although the total genetic contribution to risk is substantial, most individual variations make only very small contributions. By far the strongest contributors are functional variations in 2 genes involved in alcohol (ethanol [EtOH]) metabolism. A functional variant in alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) is protective in people of European and Asian descent, and a different functional variant in the same gene is protective in those of African descent. A strongly protective variant in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is essentially only found in Asians. This highlights the need to study a wide range of populations. The likely mechanism of protection against heavy drinking and AUDs in both cases is alteration in the rate of metabolism of EtOH that at least transiently elevates acetaldehyde. Other ADH and ALDH variants, including functional variations in ADH1C, have also been implicated in affecting drinking behavior and risk for alcoholism. The pattern of linkage disequilibrium in the ADH region and the differences among populations complicate analyses, particularly of regulatory variants. This critical review focuses upon the ADH and ALDH genes as they affect AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jeanette N. McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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39
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Walters RK, Polimanti R, Johnson EC, McClintick JN, Adams MJ, Adkins AE, Aliev F, Bacanu SA, Batzler A, Bertelsen S, Biernacka JM, Bigdeli TB, Chen LS, Clarke TK, Chou YL, Degenhardt F, Docherty AR, Edwards AC, Fontanillas P, Foo JC, Fox L, Frank J, Giegling I, Gordon S, Hack LM, Hartmann AM, Hartz SM, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Herms S, Hodgkinson C, Hoffmann P, Jan Hottenga J, Kennedy MA, Alanne-Kinnunen M, Konte B, Lahti J, Lahti-Pulkkinen M, Lai D, Ligthart L, Loukola A, Maher BS, Mbarek H, McIntosh AM, McQueen MB, Meyers JL, Milaneschi Y, Palviainen T, Pearson JF, Peterson RE, Ripatti S, Ryu E, Saccone NL, Salvatore JE, Sanchez-Roige S, Schwandt M, Sherva R, Streit F, Strohmaier J, Thomas N, Wang JC, Webb BT, Wedow R, Wetherill L, Wills AG, Boardman JD, Chen D, Choi DS, Copeland WE, Culverhouse RC, Dahmen N, Degenhardt L, Domingue BW, Elson SL, Frye MA, Gäbel W, Hayward C, Ising M, Keyes M, Kiefer F, Kramer J, Kuperman S, Lucae S, Lynskey MT, Maier W, Mann K, Männistö S, Müller-Myhsok B, Murray AD, Nurnberger JI, Palotie A, Preuss U, Räikkönen K, Reynolds MD, Ridinger M, Scherbaum N, Schuckit MA, Soyka M, Treutlein J, Witt S, Wodarz N, Zill P, Adkins DE, Boden JM, Boomsma DI, Bierut LJ, Brown SA, Bucholz KK, Cichon S, Costello EJ, de Wit H, Diazgranados N, Dick DM, Eriksson JG, Farrer LA, Foroud TM, Gillespie NA, Goate AM, Goldman D, Grucza RA, Hancock DB, Harris KM, Heath AC, Hesselbrock V, Hewitt JK, Hopfer CJ, Horwood J, Iacono W, Johnson EO, Kaprio JA, Karpyak VM, Kendler KS, Kranzler HR, Krauter K, Lichtenstein P, Lind PA, McGue M, MacKillop J, Madden PAF, Maes HH, Magnusson P, Martin NG, Medland SE, Montgomery GW, Nelson EC, Nöthen MM, Palmer AA, Pedersen NL, Penninx BWJH, Porjesz B, Rice JP, Rietschel M, Riley BP, Rose R, Rujescu D, Shen PH, Silberg J, Stallings MC, Tarter RE, Vanyukov MM, Vrieze S, Wall TL, Whitfield JB, Zhao H, Neale BM, Gelernter J, Edenberg HJ, Agrawal A. Transancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:1656-1669. [PMID: 30482948 PMCID: PMC6430207 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Liability to alcohol dependence (AD) is heritable, but little is known about its complex polygenic architecture or its genetic relationship with other disorders. To discover loci associated with AD and characterize the relationship between AD and other psychiatric and behavioral outcomes, we carried out the largest genome-wide association study to date of DSM-IV-diagnosed AD. Genome-wide data on 14,904 individuals with AD and 37,944 controls from 28 case-control and family-based studies were meta-analyzed, stratified by genetic ancestry (European, n = 46,568; African, n = 6,280). Independent, genome-wide significant effects of different ADH1B variants were identified in European (rs1229984; P = 9.8 × 10-13) and African ancestries (rs2066702; P = 2.2 × 10-9). Significant genetic correlations were observed with 17 phenotypes, including schizophrenia, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, depression, and use of cigarettes and cannabis. The genetic underpinnings of AD only partially overlap with those for alcohol consumption, underscoring the genetic distinction between pathological and nonpathological drinking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond K Walters
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emma C Johnson
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeanette N McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mark J Adams
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Psychiatry, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Amy E Adkins
- Department of Psychology & College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Silviu-Alin Bacanu
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Anthony Batzler
- Mayo Clinic, Psychiatric Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Program, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sarah Bertelsen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neuroscience, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joanna M Biernacka
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tim B Bigdeli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Li-Shiun Chen
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Toni-Kim Clarke
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Psychiatry, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yi-Ling Chou
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna R Docherty
- University of Utah, Department of Psychiatry, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alexis C Edwards
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Jerome C Foo
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Louis Fox
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ina Giegling
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Halle, Germany
| | - Scott Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laura M Hack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Halle, Germany
| | - Sarah M Hartz
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Herms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mervi Alanne-Kinnunen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bettina Konte
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Halle, Germany
| | - Jari Lahti
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lannie Ligthart
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brion S Maher
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matthew B McQueen
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center/GGz inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - John F Pearson
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Roseann E Peterson
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Euijung Ryu
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nancy L Saccone
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, Richmond, VA, USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Richard Sherva
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jana Strohmaier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nathaniel Thomas
- Department of Psychology & College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jen-Chyong Wang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neuroscience, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bradley T Webb
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Robbee Wedow
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Amanda G Wills
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jason D Boardman
- Institute of Behavioral Science and Department of Sociology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Danfeng Chen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - William E Copeland
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert C Culverhouse
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Division of Biostatistics, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Norbert Dahmen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Mark A Frye
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wolfgang Gäbel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marcus Ising
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Margaret Keyes
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John Kramer
- University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Michael T Lynskey
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Mann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Alison D Murray
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ulrich Preuss
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Halle, Germany
- Vitos Hospital Herborn, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Herborn, Germany
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Monika Ridinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg Psychiatric Health Care Aargau, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Soyka
- Medical Park Chiemseeblick in Bernau-Felden, Chiemsee, Germany
- Psychiatric Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Wodarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Zill
- Psychiatric Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel E Adkins
- University of Utah, Department of Psychiatry, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Utah, Department of Sociology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sandra A Brown
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sven Cichon
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - E Jane Costello
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology & College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Ophthalmology, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nathan A Gillespie
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neuroscience, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Goldman
- NIH/NIAAA, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIH/NIAAA, Office of the Clinical Director, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard A Grucza
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dana B Hancock
- Center for Omics Discovery and Epidemiology, Behavioral Health Research Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Department of Sociology and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - John K Hewitt
- University of Colorado Boulder, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | | | - William Iacono
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eric O Johnson
- RTI International, Fellows Program, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jaakko A Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victor M Karpyak
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry and VISN 4 MIRECC, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth Krauter
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Penelope A Lind
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matt McGue
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton; Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamela A F Madden
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hermine H Maes
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Patrik Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elliot C Nelson
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center/GGz inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John P Rice
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Brien P Riley
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Richard Rose
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Halle, Germany
| | - Pei-Hong Shen
- NIH/NIAAA, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Judy Silberg
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael C Stallings
- University of Colorado Boulder, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ralph E Tarter
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Scott Vrieze
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tamara L Wall
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - John B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Departments of Psychiatry, Genetics, and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Harper J, Malone SM, Iacono WG. Conflict-related medial frontal theta as an endophenotype for alcohol use disorder. Biol Psychol 2018; 139:25-38. [PMID: 30300674 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diminished cognitive control in alcohol use disorder (AUD) is thought to be mediated by prefrontal cortex circuitry dysregulation. Research testing the relationship between AUD and specific cognitive control psychophysiological correlates, such as medial frontal (MF) theta-band EEG power, is scarce, and the etiology of this relationship is largely unknown. The current report tested relationship between pathological alcohol use through young adulthood and reduced conflict-related theta at age 29 in a large prospective population-based twin sample. Greater lifetime AUD symptomatology was associated with reduced MF theta power during response conflict, but not alpha-band visual attention processing. Follow-up analyses using cotwin control analysis and biometric modeling suggested that genetic influences, and not the consequences of sustained AUD symptomatology, explained the theta-AUD association. Results provide strong evidence that AUD is genetically related to diminished conflict-related MF theta, and advance MF theta as a promising electrophysiological correlate of AUD-related dysfunctional frontal circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Harper
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, USA.
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Richner KA, Corbin WR, Menary KR. Comparison of subjective response to alcohol in Caucasian and Hispanic/Latino samples. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2018; 26:467-475. [PMID: 30035578 PMCID: PMC6162153 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Individual differences in subjective response (SR) to alcohol (e.g., stimulation, sedation) are a significant predictor of negative alcohol outcomes. Previous studies have reported ethnic differences in SR (e.g., between some Asian populations and Caucasians), but very few studies have examined SR among Hispanic/Latino individuals. To address this gap in the literature, the present study utilized data from a large-scale, placebo-controlled alcohol administration study to examine differences in SR between Hispanic/Latino and Caucasian individuals. Social drinkers (N = 447) aged 21 to 25 years were randomized to receive either a dose of alcohol targeting a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of .08 g% or placebo. Only non-Hispanic Caucasian participants (n = 234) and Hispanic/Latino participants (n = 87) were utilized in analyses. SR was assessed at baseline, on the ascending limb of the blood alcohol curve, at peak BAC, and on the descending limb. Repeated measures ANCOVA was utilized to examine interactions between beverage condition, ethnicity, and time predicting SR. The interaction between beverage condition, ethnicity, and time was significant only for low-arousal negative SR (negative sedative effects), such that Hispanic/Latino individuals experienced stronger sedative effects under alcohol (vs. placebo) compared with Caucasian individuals. Caucasians and Hispanic/Latinos showed a similar profile of response with respect to positive aspects of SR (e.g., stimulation). In summary, Hispanic/Latino individuals reported stronger negative SR to alcohol compared with Caucasian individuals, which may be protective against alcohol-related problems. However, future studies are needed to investigate why Hispanic/Latino males remain at relatively high risk for alcohol problems despite stronger negative SR relative to Caucasians. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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Dir AL, Andrews AR, Wilson SM, Davidson TM, Gilmore AK. The Role of Sex-Related Alcohol Expectancies in Alcohol-Involved Consensual and Nonconsensual Sex Among Women of Asian/Pacific Islander and Women of European Race/Ethnicity. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2018; 55:850-862. [PMID: 28933955 PMCID: PMC5927850 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1366411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-involved sexual experiences, including incapacitated sexual assault and alcohol-involved sex, are major public health concerns among college women. Further, racial/ethnic diversity among college students is increasing, particularly with regard to increases in college students of Asian/Pacific Islander (API) race/ethnicity. Of relevance, evidence suggests differences in sexual assault rates across ethnicities and cultures; however, no known study to date has examined differences by ethnicity and first language in expectancies and experiences specifically surrounding alcohol and sex. The current study sought to examine differences in incapacitated sexual assault, alcohol-involved sex, and heavy episodic drinking, as well as differences in sex-related alcohol expectancies among native English-speaking college women of European (EU) race/ethnicity, native English-speaking women of API race/ethnicity, and non-native English-speaking women of API race/ethnicity (NNES-API). EU reported higher frequency of heavy episodic drinking, alcohol-involved sex, and incapacitated sexual assault compared to API and NNES-API. In addition, API reported more frequent alcohol-involved sex and incapacitated sexual assault compared to NNES-API, in part due to API's stronger endorsement of sexual disinhibition-related alcohol expectancies (indirect effects: β = -.04, p = .04, and β = -.07, p = .04, respectively). Findings highlight the important role of expectancies in acculturation and influence on actual alcohol-involved sex and sexual assault.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson L Dir
- a Department of Pediatrics, Section of Adolescent Medicine , Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Arthur R Andrews
- b Department of Psychology, Institute for Ethnic Studies , University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | - Sarah M Wilson
- c Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center , Department of Veterans Affairs, Durham VA Health Care System
| | | | - Amanda K Gilmore
- e Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center , Medical University of South Carolina
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Kim HS, Hodgins DC. Component Model of Addiction Treatment: A Pragmatic Transdiagnostic Treatment Model of Behavioral and Substance Addictions. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:406. [PMID: 30233427 PMCID: PMC6127248 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral addictions such as gambling, video games, sex, and shopping share many clinical features with substance use addictions including etiology, course, and neurobiology. Yet, the treatment of behavioral and substance use addictions tends to be separated. However, we argue that a more effective and efficient treatment approach is to conceptualize behavioral and substance use addictions as different expressions of a common underlying disorder and, in treatment, to address the underlying mechanisms common to both. To this end, the article presents a developing transdiagnostic treatment model of addictions that targets underlying similarities between behavioral and substance use addictions, called the component model of addiction treatment (CMAT). The CMAT is transdiagnostic in that it can be used in the treatment of both behavioral and substance use addictions. It is pragmatic in that it targets component vulnerabilities, which are enduring, yet malleable, individual psychological, cognitive, and neurobiological characteristics that are common to all addictive disorders and have been demonstrated to be modifiable. A working model of CMAT is presented, including proposed component vulnerabilities: lack of motivation, urgency, maladaptive expectancies, deficits in self-control, deficits in social support, and compulsivity, as well as their potential intervention possibilities. Future directions and potential implications of the CMAT are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoun S. Kim
- Addictive Behaviours Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Deak JD, Miller AP, Gizer IR. Genetics of alcohol use disorder: a review. Curr Opin Psychol 2018; 27:56-61. [PMID: 30170251 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) represents a significant and ongoing public health concern with 12-month prevalence estimates of ∼5.6%. Quantitative genetic studies suggest a heritability of approximately 50% for AUD, and as a result, significant efforts have been made to identify specific variation within the genome related to the etiology of AUD. Given the limited number of replicable findings that have emerged from genome-wide linkage and candidate gene association studies, more recent efforts have focused on the use of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). These studies have suggested that hundreds of variants across the genome, most of small effect (R2 < 0.002), contribute to the genetic etiology of AUD. The present review describes the initial, though limited, successes of GWAS to identify loci related to risk for AUD as well as other etiologically relevant traits (e.g. alcohol consumption). In addition, 'Post-GWAS' approaches that rely on GWAS data to estimate the heritability and co-heritability of traits, test causal relations between traits, and aid in gene discovery are described. Together, the described research findings illustrate the importance of molecular genetic research on AUD as we seek to better understand the mechanisms through which genetic variation leads to increased risk for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Deak
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Alex P Miller
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ian R Gizer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Christensen DR. A review of opioid-based treatments for gambling disorder: an examination of treatment outcomes, cravings, and individual differences. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1470662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darren R. Christensen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Alberta Gambling Research Institute , Lethbridge, Canada
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Ray LA, Green R, Roche DJ, Bujarski S, Hartwell EE, Lim AC, Rohrbaugh T, Ghahremani D, Hutchison K, Miotto K. Pharmacogenetic Effects of Naltrexone in Individuals of East Asian Descent: Human Laboratory Findings from a Randomized Trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:613-623. [PMID: 29265379 PMCID: PMC6086578 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variation in the endogenous opioid system has been identified as 1 potential source of individual variability in naltrexone treatment outcomes. The majority of naltrexone pharmacogenetic studies have focused on a particular single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1; rs1799971; commonly known as the Asn40Asp SNP) in Caucasian samples with decidedly mixed results. The goal of this study was to test the pharmacogenetic effects of naltrexone on subjective response to alcohol and self-administration of alcohol in individuals of East Asian descent. We hypothesized that naltrexone, compared with placebo, would potentiate the aversive and sedative effects of alcohol and reduce alcohol self-administration to a greater extent in Asp40 carriers. METHODS Participants (N = 77; Asn40Asn, n = 29; Asn40Asp, n = 34, and Asp40Asp, n = 14) completed 2 double-blinded and counterbalanced experimental sessions: one after taking naltrexone (50 mg/d) for 5 days and one after taking matched placebo for 5 days. In each experimental session, participants received a priming dose of intravenous alcohol up to the breath alcohol concentration target of 0.06 g/dl which was immediately followed by an alcohol self-administration period (1 hour). RESULTS There were no pharmacogenetic effects observed for alcohol-induced stimulation, sedation, craving for alcohol, or alcohol self-administration in the laboratory. During the self-administration period, Asp40 carriers consumed fewer drinks and had a longer latency to first drink as compared to Asn40 homozygotes. CONCLUSIONS These findings in East Asians add to the mixed literature on naltrexone pharmacogenetics from predominantly Caucasian samples and highlight the complexity of these effects and their overall limited replicability. It is plausible that a consistent pharmacogenetic effect in tightly controlled preclinical and experimental medicine models "fades" in more complex and heterogeneous settings and samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara A. Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - ReJoyce Green
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J.O. Roche
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Spencer Bujarski
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily E. Hartwell
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron C. Lim
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Taylor Rohrbaugh
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dara Ghahremani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kent Hutchison
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Karen Miotto
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Maher BS, Latendresse S, Vanyukov MM. Informing Prevention and Intervention Policy Using Genetic Studies of Resistance. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2018; 19:49-57. [PMID: 27943075 PMCID: PMC5466512 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-016-0730-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The common paradigm for conceptualizing the influence of genetic and environmental factors on a particular disease relies on the concept of risk. Consequently, the bulk of etiologic, including genetic, work focuses on "risk" factors. These factors are aggregated at the high end of the distribution of liability to disease, the latent variable underlying the distribution of probability and severity of a disorder. However, liability has a symmetric but distinct aspect to risk, resistance to disorder. Resistance factors, aggregated at the low end of the liability distribution and supporting health and recovery, appear to be more promising for effective prevention and intervention. Herein, we discuss existing work on resistance factors, highlighting those with known genetic influences. We examine the utility of incorporating resistance genetics in prevention and intervention trials and compare the statistical power of a series of ascertainment schemes to develop a general framework for examining resistance outcomes in genetically informative designs. We find that an approach that samples individuals discordant on measured liability, a low-risk design, is the most feasible design and yields power equivalent to or higher than commonly used designs for detecting resistance genetic and environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brion S Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway Ave., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Shawn Latendresse
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Michael M Vanyukov
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Psychiatry, and Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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O’Shea T, Thomas N, Webb BT, Dick DM, Kendler KS, Chartier KG. ALDH2*2 and peer drinking in East Asian college students. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2017; 43:678-685. [PMID: 28471244 PMCID: PMC5916547 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2017.1314489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ALDH2*2 allele (A-allele) at rs671 is more commonly carried by Asians and is associated with alcohol-related flushing, a strong adverse reaction to alcohol that is protective against drinking. Social factors, such as having friends who binge drink, also contribute to drinking in Asian youth. OBJECTIVES This study examined the interplay between ALDH2*2, peer drinking, and alcohol consumption in college students. We hypothesized that the relationship between ALDH2*2 and standard grams of ethanol per month would vary based on the level of peer drinking. METHODS Subjects (N = 318, 63.25% female) were East Asian college students in the United States who reported drinking alcohol. Data were from the freshman year of a university survey that included a saliva DNA sample. ALDH2*2 status was coded ALDH2*2(+) (A/G and A/A genotypes) and ALDH2*2(-) (G/G genotype). Peer drinking was students' perception of how many of their friends "got drunk". RESULTS Main effects of ALDH2*2(-) and having more friends who got drunk were associated with greater alcohol consumption. The ALDH2*2 × peer drunkenness interaction showed a stronger positive association with alcohol consumption for ALDH2*2(-) versus ALDH2*2(+) at increasing levels of peer drunkenness. Follow-up comparisons within each peer drunkenness level identified significantly higher alcohol consumption for ALDH2*2(-) compared to ALDH2*2(+) at the all friends got drunk level. CONCLUSION There was evidence of a stronger effect for ALDH2*2(-) compared to ALDH2*2(+) with greater alcohol use when students were more exposed to peer drinking. Findings contribute to a growing literature on the interrelationships between genetic influences and more permissive environments for alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn O’Shea
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Social Work, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nathaniel Thomas
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Social Work, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Bradley Todd Webb
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Virginia Commonwealth University, College of Humanities and Sciences, Departments of Psychology and African American Studies, College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, School of Medicine Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Karen G. Chartier
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Social Work and School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Richmond, VA, USA
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Chao M, Li X, McGue M. The Causal Role of Alcohol Use in Adolescent Externalizing and Internalizing Problems: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1953-1960. [PMID: 28876462 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The co-occurrence of alcohol use and externalizing/internalizing problems threatens adolescents' mental health. Research on whether alcohol use and these problems are causal and the direction of the potential causal relationships is needed to understand the mechanisms of the co-occurrence. METHODS A Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted in which the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) rs671 polymorphism was used as an instrumental variable for alcohol use phenotypes. In total, 1,608 Chinese adolescents (mean age 14.11 ± 1.83 years) were genotyped for the ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism. Three externalizing problems (aggression, delinquency, and attention problems) were measured with the Youth Self-Report inventory, and 2 internalizing problems (depression and anxiety) were measured with the self-reported Children's Depression Inventory and the Trait subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS Alcohol use was positively associated with all 3 externalizing and 2 internalizing problems, and the ALDH2 polymorphism had a significant effect on alcohol use. Aggression and attention problems were also significantly affected by the ALDH2 polymorphism, whereas no significant association was observed between the ALDH2 polymorphism and delinquency, anxiety, or depression. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that alcohol use is a cause of adolescent aggression and attention problems but not adolescent delinquency, anxiety, or depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chaoyang District, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chaoyang District, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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50
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Luczak SE, Liang T, Wall TL. Age of Drinking Initiation as a Risk Factor for Alcohol Use Disorder Symptoms is Moderated by ALDH2*2 and Ethnicity. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1738-1744. [PMID: 28847041 PMCID: PMC5626619 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An early age of drinking initiation (ADI) has been associated with increased risk for alcohol use disorders (AUDs), but the consistency of this risk across diverse samples has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the pathway from ADI to AUD symptoms by early adulthood is moderated by ethnicity and possessing an alcohol-metabolizing gene ALDH2*2 variant allele. METHODS We used multigroup structural equation modeling, including 5 groups split by ethnicity and ALDH2*2, to examine the consistency of the path from ADI to AUD symptoms in 604 Chinese-, Korean-, and White-American college students. We further examined the effects of ALDH2*2, ethnicity, and their interaction in Asians to better understand their unique contributions to the moderation. RESULTS The association between ADI and AUD symptoms was moderated, with ADI negatively associated with AUD symptoms among Koreans without ALDH2*2 and Whites, but not among Koreans with ALDH2*2 or Chinese regardless of ALDH2*2. Both ALDH2*2 and ethnicity within Asians contributed unique variability in the effect. CONCLUSIONS Ethnicity and ALDH2*2 altered the relationship of ADI as a risk factor for AUD symptoms. Being Chinese and possessing an ALDH2*2 allele within Koreans both buffered against the risk for AUD symptoms associated with earlier ADI, indicating that this relationship can be attenuated by protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Luczak
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tiebing Liang
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tamara L Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, California
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