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Wang H, Xie X, Li Z, Xue L, Liao Q. Perceived Family Functioning of Adolescents with Affective Disorders: A Multicentric Cross-Sectional Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:2505-2517. [PMID: 38952699 PMCID: PMC11215662 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s460961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to investigate the status of family functioning and dissatisfaction of family function from the perception of adolescents with affective disorders and explore associated factors. Methods This was a multicentric cross-sectional study conducted from April 2022 to February 2023. Adolescents with affective disorders were surveyed in representative samples drawn from three hospitals in Sichuan province, China. Data were obtained from 235 participants regarding their demographic characteristics, family characteristics, disease-related characteristics, and family functioning. Results The study found family functioning and its' dissatisfaction both lower than national norms from the perspectives of adolescents. Younger age, single-parent family, and reconstituted family were predictors of not close of cohesion. Younger age, lower educational level of father, and reconstituted family were associated with less change of flexibility. Less times of hospitalizations, higher educational level of father, stem family were more satisfy with cohesion. Higher educational level of father, and stem family were also associated with greater satisfaction with flexibility. Conclusion The study demonstrated that the family function of adolescents of affective disorders was poor, more attention should be paid to it. Age, family structure, number of hospitalizations and the educational level of father were influencing factors of family functioning. Therefore, it is important for medical worker to assess demographic and family characteristics of adolescents with affective disorders. Younger children, children of reconstituted family and single-parent family, children with repeated hospitalizations and fathers of lower level of education should be given emphasized in implementation of interventions. Based on the evaluation results, personalized family therapy has been proved to be an affective measure and could be used in clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- The First Department of Psychosomatic Diseases, the Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, 621000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Xie
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuowei Li
- Nursing Department, the Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, 621000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lian Xue
- The Second Department of Psychosomatic Diseases, the Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, 621000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoling Liao
- The Second Department of Severe Psychiatric, the Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, 621000, People’s Republic of China
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Xie R, Wang X, Ding Y, Chen Y, Ding W. The Impact of Parental Autonomy Support on Family Adaptation in the Context of "Double Reduction": The Mediating Role of Parent-Child Communication and Cohesion. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:534. [PMID: 39062357 PMCID: PMC11273578 DOI: 10.3390/bs14070534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The implementation of the "Double Reduction" policy indicates a significant change in the way households operate, such as through parental education conception and parenting form, in which family adaptation needs particular attention. Parental autonomy support has been evidenced to be related to family adaptation in prior studies. However, the mechanism underlying the relationship between parental autonomy support and family adaptation in the context of "Double Reduction" are not clear enough but remain fascinating. This study aims to explore the process through which parental autonomy support affects the whole family's adaptation in the context of "Double Reduction" from the perspectives of parent-child behavior and emotions (i.e., parent-child communication and parent-child cohesion). A cross-sectional design based on the questionnaire method was used to collect the characteristics of 4239 adolescent parents (1493 fathers and 3427 mothers; Mage = 43.20, SDage = 22.39) one year after the implementation of the "Double Reduction" policy. In addition, this study also used the retrospective method to obtain the characteristics of parental autonomy support before the "Double Reduction" policy. In the context of "Double Reduction", the research results found that parental autonomy support can predict family adaptation; parental autonomy support can also influence the whole family's adaptation through the quality of parent-child interaction. This study reveals the impact mechanism of parental autonomy support on family adaptation under the background of "Double Reduction" in China and provides insights on how to improve the adaptation of the entire family from the perspective of parent-child interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibo Xie
- Parent Education Research Center, The Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Parent Education Research Center, The Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yangguang Ding
- College of Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Parent Education Research Center, The Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Wan Ding
- Parent Education Research Center, The Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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Zurita-Ortega F, Galeano-Rojas D, Tenelanda-López D, Cresp-Barria M, Farias-Valenzuela C, Valdivia-Moral P. Association between Quality of Life, Confinement, and Sex in Adults: A Multigroup Structural Equation Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:774. [PMID: 38610196 PMCID: PMC11011266 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12070774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The state of confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic affected the quality of life of the general population. This study aims to define and contrast an explanatory model of the quality of life in adults and to analyze the relationships between these variables based on the state of confinement and sex. A total of 872 people from Chile aged between 17 and 50 (M = 21.70 years; SD= 3.272), of both sexes (60.90% male and 39.1% female) participated in this research, of whom 46.6% were not confined when tested and 53.4% were confined, analyzing the quality of life. A model of multi-group structural equations was performed, which adjusted very well (χ2 = 559.577; DF = 38; p < 0.001; IFC = 0.934; NFI = 0.916; IFI = 0.934; RMSEA = 0.061). The results show a positive and direct relationship among all the variables studied and the structural equation model proposed according to confinement and sex reveals a good fit in all the evaluation indexes. Stress and sleep, personality, and introspection were the indicators with the greatest influence in the four models, followed by the family and friends indicator with a medium correlation strength, such as the health monitoring dimension, although this was not as influential in confined individuals. The main conclusions are that the best adjustments are obtained in confined adults and females, and the data show that the psychological indicators obtained (stress and sleep, personality, and introspection) have the greatest influence on adults in the four models proposed with regard to their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Zurita-Ortega
- Department of Didactics Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.Z.-O.); (D.G.-R.)
| | - Dilan Galeano-Rojas
- Department of Didactics Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.Z.-O.); (D.G.-R.)
| | - Dennys Tenelanda-López
- Faculty of Natural Resources, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba 060150, Ecuador;
- School of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Riobamba 060150, Ecuador
| | - Mauricio Cresp-Barria
- Departamento de Educación e Innovación, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | | | - Pedro Valdivia-Moral
- Department of Didactics Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.Z.-O.); (D.G.-R.)
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Zhao J, Xie M, He J, Wang MC. The Chinese Parenting Stress Scale for Preschoolers' Parents: Development and Initial Validation. Assessment 2024; 31:651-668. [PMID: 37232271 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231176274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Parenting stress is the experience of discomfort or distress that results from the demands associated with the role of parenting. Although there are numerous parenting stress scales, relatively few scales have been developed with consideration of the Chinese cultural context. This study aimed to develop and validate the Chinese Parenting Stress Scale (CPSS) with a multidimensional and hierarchical structure for Mainland Chinese preschoolers' parents (N = 1,427, Mage = 35.63 years, SD = 4.69). In Study 1, a theoretical model and an initial 118 items were developed, drawing on prior research and existing measures of parenting stress. Exploratory factor analysis yielded 15 first-order factors with 60 items. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analyses supported a higher order solution consisting of 15 first-order factors covering four domains: Child Development (12 items), Difficult Child (16 items), Parent-Child Interaction (12 items), and Parent's Readjustment to Life (20 items). Measurement invariance indicated no gender differences between parents for the scale scores. The convergent, discriminant, and criteria validity of the CPSS scores was supported by its association with related variables in the expected directions. Moreover, the CPSS scores added significant incremental variance in predicting somatization, anxiety, and child's emotional symptoms more so than the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form-15. The CPSS total and subscale scores all had acceptable Cronbach's αs in both samples. The overall findings support the CPSS as a psychometrically sound tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Xie
- Guangzhou University, P.R. China
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5
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Ewing EL, Xia M, Gunn HE. Affiliative Parent-Adolescent Bedtime and Waketime Interactions are Associated with Adolescent Sleep. Behav Sleep Med 2024; 22:168-178. [PMID: 37318033 PMCID: PMC10721726 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2023.2217970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study examined whether evening and morning affiliation (i.e., warmth) and autonomy (i.e., more or less in charge) around sleep routines predicted adolescent sleep on weekdays. METHOD Participants were 28 parent (Mage = 43.19; 85.17% mothers) and adolescent (Mage = 12.34 years) dyads who completed the same electronic diaries morning and evening for 10 days, with a total number of 221 nights observed across dyads. Sleep duration and sleep quality were assessed via the Pittsburgh Sleep Diary; degree of affiliation and autonomy around bedtime and waketime routines were assessed with single items on a visual analog scale. Multilevel modeling was utilized to evaluate the effects of more or less affiliation or autonomy on sleep outcomes (i.e., duration and quality) between and within dyads. RESULTS Across all participants, adolescents who reported more affiliative interactions with their parent around bedtime and waketime slept longer and had better sleep quality at night. Further, when adolescents experienced greater than average affiliative interactions with their parent than was typical for them, they had better sleep quality that night. Adolescent sleep quality and duration were not impacted by whether or not adolescents were in charge of their bedtime and waketime routines. CONCLUSIONS Findings support parents' role in social and emotional security and highlight the importance of affiliative parent interactions around the sleep period for optimal sleep for young adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Ewing
- University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Department of Psychology
| | - Mengya Xia
- University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Department of Psychology
- Arizona State University, Tempe, T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics
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6
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Jiang T, Chen E, Lam PH, Kim J, Moon H, Miller GE. Peer support as moderator of association between socioeconomic status and low-grade inflammation in adolescents. Health Psychol 2024; 43:171-183. [PMID: 38010779 PMCID: PMC10922557 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals who grow up in low-socioeconomic status (SES) families are at an increased risk of health problems across the lifespan. Although supportive social relationships are postulated to be a protective factor for the health of these individuals, the role of friend support in adolescence is not well understood. Given that low-grade inflammation is one key biological mechanism proposed to explain links between family SES and health outcomes, we examined whether adolescents' friend support buffers the association between family SES and low-grade inflammation among adolescents. METHOD 277 dyads of adolescents (63.5% female; 39.4% White, 38.3% Black, and 32.1% Hispanic; Mage = 13.92 years) and one of their parents participated in this longitudinal study (two waves approximately 2 years apart). Parents reported family objective SES (i.e., income, savings, and education) and family subjective SES (i.e., subjective social status). Adolescents reported perceived friend support. Fasting antecubital blood was drawn from adolescents at both visits. Low-grade inflammatory activity was represented by a composite of inflammatory biomarkers and numbers of classical monocytes. RESULTS Adolescents' friend support moderated the associations of family subjective SES with both the inflammation composite and classical monocyte counts across cross-sectional, longitudinal, and prospective change (only significant for the inflammation composite) analyses. Specifically, lower family subjective SES was associated with higher levels of low-grade inflammation only among adolescents lower, but not higher, in friend support. No moderation was observed for objective SES. CONCLUSION Supportive peer relationships buffer the link between family subjective, but not objective, SES and low-grade inflammation in adolescence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
| | - Edith Chen
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
| | - Phoebe H Lam
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
| | - Jungwon Kim
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
| | - Hee Moon
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
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7
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Lam PH, Chen E, Jiang T, Moon H, Passarelli V, Kim J, Miller GE. Responsive parental support buffers the link between chronic stress and cardiometabolic risk among adolescents. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:114-123. [PMID: 38052410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Youth exposed to chronic stress exhibit increased cardiometabolic risk which parental social support may attenuate. Notably, theories emphasize that support should be delivered responsively for it to exert buffering effects, but this has not been thoroughly tested empirically. This study examined whether timing of support is an important but unrecognized element of responsiveness during adolescence in buffering the link between chronic stress and cardiometabolic risk. Participants were 242 adolescents aged 15 years (63 % female, 38 % Black). Adolescents completed assessments of chronic stress (Life Stress Interview), and trained personnel collected anthropometric measures and blood samples to assess cardiometabolic risk (reflected in low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome). Adolescents also completed an eight-day diary assessment to report daily stressor exposure and parental support. Using the diary data, responsiveness of parental support was operationalized as the within-individual difference in parental support received on stressor (vs. non-stressor) days, such that increased parental support on stressor days reflected more timely support. Results suggest that responsive parental support buffered the link between chronic stress and cardiovascular risk. Specifically, chronic stress was associated with greater risk only when parental support was not temporally aligned with stress exposure, but this association was not observed among adolescents who received timely parental support. These findings shed light on why parental support may not always exert buffering effects during adolescence, highlighting the importance of taking a developmental approach to understanding protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe H Lam
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Edith Chen
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Tao Jiang
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Hee Moon
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Jungwon Kim
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Gregory E Miller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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Le VT, Bailey JA, Pandika DM, Epstein M, Satchell K. Long-term Effects of the Raising Healthy Children Intervention on Family Functioning in Adulthood: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2024; 45:17-25. [PMID: 37973659 PMCID: PMC10872592 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-023-00753-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Some universal prevention programs, such as Raising Healthy Children (RHC), have shown persisting and wide-ranging benefits in adulthood, long after the intervention has ended. Recent studies suggest that benefits may continue into the next generation as well. This study examines whether the RHC intervention, delivered in childhood, may promote healthy family functioning among participants who now have families of their own. Participants were drawn from the Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP), a nonrandomized controlled trial of the RHC intervention prospectively following youths from 18 elementary schools in Seattle, Washington from 1985 to 2014. Participants who became parents were enrolled in an intergenerational study, along with their oldest biological child and an additional caregiver who shared responsibility for raising the child. Ten waves of data were collected between 2002 and 2018. The present analysis includes 298 SSDP parents, 258 caregivers who identified as a parent or partner of SSDP parent ("co-parent"), and 231 offspring. The SSDP parent sample was composed of 41.6% male, 21.1% Asian or Pacific Islander, 24.2% Black or African American, 6.4% Native American, and 48.3% white individuals. No significant intervention effects were found on adult romantic relationship quality; offspring bonding to co-parent; or co-parent past-month use of cannabis, cigarettes, or binge drinking. Findings highlight the continued need to understand how the benefits of theory-guided universal preventive interventions are sustained across the life course and how they may or may not shape family functioning for those who go on to have families and children of their own.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04075019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vi T Le
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Danielle M Pandika
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karryn Satchell
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Wójcik M, Alvarez-Pitti J, Kozioł-Kozakowska A, Brzeziński M, Gabbianelli R, Herceg-Čavrak V, Wühl E, Lucas I, Radovanović D, Melk A, González Lopez-Valcarcel B, Fernández-Aranda F, Mazur A, Lurbe E, Borghi C, Drożdż D. Psychosocial and environmental risk factors of obesity and hypertension in children and adolescents-a literature overview. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1268364. [PMID: 38054100 PMCID: PMC10694215 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1268364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity has become a worldwide epidemic in the 21st century. Its treatment is challenging and often ineffective, among others due to complex, often not obvious causes. Awareness of the existence and meaning of psychosocial and environmental risk factors seems to be an essential element in the prevention and treatment of obesity and its complications, especially arterial hypertension. In this review, we will discuss the role of that risk factors linking obesity and increased cardiovascular disorders including the role of nutritional factors (including the role of unhealthy diet, inadequate hydration), unhealthy behaviors (e.g. smoking, alcohol and drugs, sedentary behavior, low physical activity, disrupted circadian rhythms, sleep disorders, screen exposure), unfavorable social factors (such as dysfunctional family, bullying, chronic stress, mood disorders, depression, urbanization, noise, and environmental pollution), and finally differences in cardiovascular risk in girls and boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wójcik
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
- Interclinical Center for the Treatment of Childhood Obesity, University Children’s Hospital of Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Julio Alvarez-Pitti
- Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clínico, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska
- Interclinical Center for the Treatment of Childhood Obesity, University Children’s Hospital of Kraków, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Brzeziński
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Allergology and Pediatric Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Vesna Herceg-Čavrak
- Faculty of Health Science, Libertas International University, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elke Wühl
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dragan Radovanović
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Anette Melk
- Children’s Hospital, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Beatriz González Lopez-Valcarcel
- Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Management, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Artur Mazur
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Empar Lurbe
- Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clínico, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dorota Drożdż
- Interclinical Center for the Treatment of Childhood Obesity, University Children’s Hospital of Kraków, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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10
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Søndergaard E, Reventlow S, Siersma V, Nicolaisdottir DR, Jepsen R, Rasmussen K, Møller A. A cross-sectional study of the association between family conflicts and children's health: Lolland-Falster Health Study. Child Care Health Dev 2023; 49:972-984. [PMID: 36805605 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few family interaction processes are more detrimental to children's health than family conflicts. Conflictual relationships in childhood predict a host of adverse health outcomes across the life course. The current study examines associations between household conflicts and the health of children aged 6-12 years and explores to which extent this may vary by socioeconomic status (SES) and multimorbidity (MM) in the household. METHODS Cross-sectional study using questionnaire data gathered between 2016 and 2020 as part of the Lolland-Falster Health Study (LOFUS) combined with routine register data on health care use and socio-demography from the Danish nationwide administrative databases. The study sample consisted of 1065 children 6-12 years old, who answered LOFUS4 or LOFUS11, from 777 households for which at least one adult answered LOFUS18. Main outcome was children's health complaints, defined as headache, abdominal pain, back pain, and sleep difficulties. Covariates included MM, SES, and conflicts, all three measured at household level. Multivariable logistic regression models were used. RESULTS Conflicts were negatively associated with children's health. This was most pronounced for general conflicts in the household, with increased complaints of abdominal pain, back pain, and sleep difficulties. The associations varied when we stratified the households according to MM and SES. Significant associations were found within households without MM for abdominal pain, and within households with MM and low SES, and without MM and with high SES for sleep difficulties. While the higher level of abdominal pain for the above indicated households were found for both internal and external conflicts in the household, the higher level in sleep difficulties was mostly driven by internal conflicts. CONCLUSION Children reporting frequent health complaints have a higher future health care use compared with children without such complaints. Our results indicate that growing up in a household with a high conflict level might be a predisposing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Søndergaard
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Reventlow
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Volkert Siersma
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dagny Ros Nicolaisdottir
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Randi Jepsen
- Lolland-Falster Health Study, Nykøbing F. Hospital, Nykøbing Falster, Denmark
| | | | - Anne Møller
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Parenteau AM, Boyer CJ, Campos LJ, Carranza AF, Deer LK, Hartman DT, Bidwell JT, Hostinar CE. A review of mental health disparities during COVID-19: Evidence, mechanisms, and policy recommendations for promoting societal resilience. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1821-1842. [PMID: 36097815 PMCID: PMC10008755 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Social and economic inequality are chronic stressors that continually erode the mental and physical health of marginalized groups, undermining overall societal resilience. In this comprehensive review, we synthesize evidence of greater increases in mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among socially or economically marginalized groups in the United States, including (a) people who are low income or experiencing homelessness, (b) racial and ethnic minorities, (c) women and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ+) communities, (d) immigrants and migrants, (e) children and people with a history of childhood adversity, and (f) the socially isolated and lonely. Based on this evidence, we propose that reducing social and economic inequality would promote population mental health and societal resilience to future crises. Specifically, we propose concrete, actionable recommendations for policy, intervention, and practice that would bolster five "pillars" of societal resilience: (1) economic safety and equity, (2) accessible healthcare, including mental health services, (3) combating racial injustice and promoting respect for diversity, equity, and inclusion, (4) child and family protection services, and (5) social cohesion. Although the recent pandemic exposed and accentuated steep inequalities within our society, efforts to rebuild offer the opportunity to re-envision societal resilience and policy to reduce multiple forms of inequality for our collective benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Parenteau
- Psychology Department, University of California-Davis
- Center for Poverty and Inequality Research, University of California-Davis
| | - Chase J. Boyer
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California-Davis
| | | | | | - LillyBelle K. Deer
- Psychology Department, University of California-Davis
- Center for Poverty and Inequality Research, University of California-Davis
| | | | - Julie T. Bidwell
- Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California-Davis
| | - Camelia E. Hostinar
- Psychology Department, University of California-Davis
- Center for Poverty and Inequality Research, University of California-Davis
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12
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Latimore AD, Salisbury-Afshar E, Duff N, Freiling E, Kellett B, Sullenger RD, Salman A. Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention of Substance Use Disorders through Socioecological Strategies. NAM Perspect 2023; 2023:202309b. [PMID: 38784638 PMCID: PMC11114594 DOI: 10.31478/202309b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aisha Salman
- National Academy of Medicine; and the Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery Services Working Group of the National Academy of Medicine's Action Collaborative on Countering the U.S. Opioid Epidemic
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13
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Perez Portillo AG, Herting JR, Lee JJ, Duran B. Supportive relationships in childhood: Does it have a long Reach into health and depression outcomes for immigrants from Latin America? SSM Popul Health 2023; 23:101436. [PMID: 37546382 PMCID: PMC10400914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines how social support during childhood and adolescence is associated with self-rated good health and the incidence of depression among Latin American immigrants in the U.S. We focus on those who immigrated under age 18 (childhood arrivals) to understand the interplay between early social support and adult health outcomes. Data are from the 2012-2013 iteration of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC-III), which included a sample of 3441 immigrant respondents born in Latin America. Multivariable binomial logistic regression analyses indicated that childhood and interpersonal support in adulthood were negatively associated with lifetime major depressive disorder (LMDD) episodes. These associations differed between childhood arrival and adult arrival immigration samples. Findings from this study highlight the role that social support in critical developmental periods has on immigrant health and depression outcomes. Continued and more nuanced investigations are warranted to examine social resources across lifespans and their roles in mitigating adverse health outcomes among immigrants from Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jane J. Lee
- University of Washington, School of Social Work, United States
| | - Bonnie Duran
- University of Washington, School of Social Work, United States
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, United States
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14
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Kado-Walton M, Vreeland A, Henry L, Gruhn M, Compas B, Garber J, Weersing VR. Racial/ethnic differences in parenting behaviors among depressed parents. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2023; 37:763-773. [PMID: 37358525 PMCID: PMC10613481 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Low parental warmth and high control are associated with parental depression and with the development of depression in children. The majority of this research, however, has focused on non-Hispanic White (NHW) parents. The present study tested whether parenting behaviors differed by race/ethnicity in a sample (N = 169) of parents with a history of depression. Participants were drawn from a randomized trial designed to prevent depression in at-risk adolescents (ages 9-15 years old). All participating parents had a current or past depressive episode within the youth's lifetime. Parents self-classified as 67.5% NHW, 17.2% Latinx (LA), and 15.4% Black (BL). Youths and parents completed standardized positive and negative interaction tasks; trained raters coded the videotaped interactions for parental warmth and control. Analyses examined the impact of race/ethnicity, current parent depression symptoms, context of the discussion (positive/negative task), and demographic covariates on observed parenting behaviors. Results revealed significant interactions among race/ethnicity, depression, and task type. Differences in warmth and control between racial/ethnic groups were more likely to be observed in negative interactions and when parents' depression symptoms were lower. In these circumstances, BL parents were rated as higher in control and lower in warmth than NHW parents. Results add to the literature on racial/ethnic differences in parenting among parents with a history of depression and highlight the importance of assessing parenting in context to capture more subtle patterns of interactions between parents and offspring. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Merissa Kado-Walton
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University
| | - Allison Vreeland
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Child Development, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Lauren Henry
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - Meredith Gruhn
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Bruce Compas
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - Judy Garber
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - V. Robin Weersing
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology
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15
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Morrison RE, Eckardt W, Stoinski TS, Rosenbaum S. Cumulative early-life adversity does not predict reduced adult longevity in wild gorillas. Curr Biol 2023; 33:2307-2314.e4. [PMID: 37192615 PMCID: PMC10264970 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research across fields has repeatedly confirmed that early-life adversity (ELA) is a major selective force for many taxa, in part via its ties to adult health and longevity.1,2,3 Negative effects of ELA on adult outcomes have been documented in a wide range of species, from fish to birds to humans.4 We used 55 years of long-term data collected on 253 wild mountain gorillas to examine the effects of six putative sources of ELA on survival, both individually and cumulatively. Although cumulative ELA was associated with high mortality in early life, we found no evidence that it had detrimental consequences for survival later in life. Experiencing three or more forms of ELA was associated with greater longevity, with a 70% reduction in the risk of death across adulthood, driven specifically by greater longevity in males. Although this higher survival in later life is likely a consequence of sex-specific viability selection5 during early life due to the immediate mortality consequences of adverse experiences, patterns in our data also suggest that gorillas have significant resilience to ELA. Our findings demonstrate that the detrimental consequences of ELA on later life survival are not universal, and indeed largely absent in one of humans' closest living relatives. This raises important questions about the biological roots of sensitivity to early experiences and the protective mechanisms that contribute to resiliency in gorillas, which could be critical for understanding how best to encourage similar resiliency to early-life shocks in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin E Morrison
- Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund, PO Box 105, Musanze, Rwanda; Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK.
| | | | | | - Stacy Rosenbaum
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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16
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Love G, Helgason AR, Kristjansson AL. A single-item measure of childhood relationship quality and association with adult health and health behaviours. Scand J Public Health 2023; 51:233-240. [PMID: 34148442 DOI: 10.1177/14034948211022431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Adverse childhood experiences are known to relate positively to various health risks and adverse health behaviour in adult life, although the precise mechanisms are still debated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a single-item measure of the quality of childhood relationships with family and household members might show a similar association. METHODS We measured the overall quality of relationships with family and household members during the first 18 years of life. A one-dimensional question scored 0-10 (N=4983) was included in the ongoing SIBS Iceland Patient Association's national 'Life and Health' public health prevention project among adults. Relationship quality was then assessed against measures of health and health behaviour using 21 validated scales. RESULTS A lower childhood relationships score was associated with a higher risk of all 21 suboptimal health and health behaviour outcomes in adulthood, with adjusted effect sizes measured by standardised betas (magnitude 0.111-0.284), variance explained (1.3-8.5%) and per-point adjusted odds ratios (1.10-1.30). The strongest associations were found with measures of social and mental health, followed by physical health, alcohol and tobacco use, sleeping problems, financial sustenance, physical pain and aerobic fitness. CONCLUSIONS
Odds were found to match well with pooled odds ratios presented in a systematic review of 37 adverse childhood experiences studies. This may indicate that a one-dimensional relationships question is a useful substitute in surveys in which a traditional multi-question adverse childhood experiences scale cannot be accommodated. Further investigations are recommended to investigate the applicability of a single adverse childhood experiences question.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asgeir R Helgason
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Iceland.,Head Office, Icelandic Cancer Society, Iceland
| | - Alfgeir L Kristjansson
- School of Public Health, West Virginia University, USA.,Icelandic Center for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik University, Iceland
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17
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Teas E, Marceau K, Friedman E. Life-course social connectedness: Comparing data-driven and theoretical classifications as predictors of functional limitations in adulthood. ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2023; 55:100529. [PMID: 36942641 PMCID: PMC10115127 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A life course perspective on social relationships highlights the importance of specific relationships at specific times in life, but analyses that account for life course trajectories in social relationships are rare. This study compares theoretical and data-driven approaches to classifying life course relationships, including multiple dimensions of social connectedness at different time points across the life course. We examine each approach's ability to predict later-life functional limitations, given that functional impairment is prevalent among middle-aged and older adults. Data were from three waves of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study (n = 6909). Relationship variables (parental affection, parental discipline, social support, social strain, and positive relations with others) were from wave 1 or wave 2. Functional limitations were measured at wave 3. Results showed that the data-driven approach had more predictive power than the theoretical approach. Additionally, results suggested that including only positive relationship features was nearly as robust as including both positive and negative relationship features. Overall, the data-driven approach outperformed the theoretical approach and revealed relationship trajectories consistent with life course cumulative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Teas
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Center on Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Kristine Marceau
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Elliot Friedman
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Center on Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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18
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Olson AE, Chow SM, Jones DE, Shenk CE. Child maltreatment, parent-child relationship quality, and parental monitoring in relation to adolescent behavior problems: Disaggregating between and within person effects. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 136:106003. [PMID: 36638637 PMCID: PMC10296585 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.106003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parent-child relationship quality (PCRQ) and parental monitoring (PM) are associated with adolescent behavior problems following child maltreatment (CM). Whether these associations are best characterized as between (trait) or within-person (state) differences is unknown. OBJECTIVE Disaggregate between and within-person effects for PCRQ and PM on adolescent behavior problems and test whether these effects vary as a function of prior CM. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants (n = 941) are from the Longitudinal Studies on Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). METHODS Multi-level modeling was employed using PCRQ, PM, and adolescent behaviors assessed at ages 12, 14, and 16 and confirmed CM prior to age 12. RESULTS At the between-person level, adolescents with higher average levels of PCRQ and PM had significantly lower initial levels of externalizing (b = -9.47 and -5.54, respectively, p's < 0.05; possible range 0-66) and internalizing behaviors (b = -4.45 and -6.41, respectively, p's < 0.001; possible range 0-62). At the within-person level, greater declines in externalizing and internalizing behaviors were found when individuals reported higher-than-usual levels of PCRQ (b = -4.99 and -2.59, respectively, for externalizing and internalizing, p's < 0.001) and PM (b = -3.58 and -1.69, respectively, for externalizing and internalizing, p's < 0.001). There was an interaction between PM and CM on internalizing behaviors over time (b = -1.15, p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS There are between and within-person effects of PCRQ and PM on adolescent behavior problems. Adolescents with CM histories and low levels of PM may be at risk for sustained internalizing behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke E Olson
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, United States of America.
| | - Sy-Miin Chow
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, United States of America
| | - Damon E Jones
- The Pennsylvania State University, Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, United States of America
| | - Chad E Shenk
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, United States of America; The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, United States of America
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19
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Zhang K, Sun J, Zhang Q, Zhang J, He L, Wang Z, Hu L. The association between childhood trauma and pain symptoms in depressed adults: The moderating role of anxious attachment. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023. [PMID: 36630316 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies have previously demonstrated that anxious attachment shapes the association between childhood traumatic experiences and somatic pain; however, it remains unclear how this relationship is influenced by anxious attachment in patients with depression. This study investigated how anxious attachment influences the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and pain symptoms in depressed patients from a social psychological perspective. A total of 139 adult patients with depression participated in this study; the level of depression was assessed by a psychiatric professional. Childhood trauma, pain symptoms, and attachment dimensions were tested by various questionnaires. The moderating role of anxious attachment in the trauma-pain association was examined using the PROCESS Model 1. Our findings showed that in depressed patients, childhood maltreatment had a significant positive impact on the severity of pain ratings. Moreover, anxious attachment influenced the relationship between childhood trauma and pain symptoms. Our study indicated that anxious attachment is not necessarily a negative outcome for depressed patients; moderate levels of anxious attachment alleviate childhood trauma-related pain symptoms in individuals with highly traumatic experiences. Understanding the traumatic experiences and attachment styles of depressed patients with pain complaints can help to develop intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Psychology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Junyuan Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qunlei Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Long He
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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20
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Jones EJ, Schreier HMC. First-Generation College Students, Emotional Support, and Systemic Inflammation Following the College Transition. J Adolesc Health 2023; 72:36-43. [PMID: 36220685 PMCID: PMC10456970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine whether emotional support moderates the association between college generation status and concurrent and prospective levels of systemic inflammation during the college transition among a sample of older U.S. adolescents. METHODS At an undergraduate tertiary institution, 41 first-generation college students (first-gens) and 46 continuing-generation college students (continuing-gens) in their first semester of college reported on basic demographic information and perceived emotional support. They also had their blood drawn midway through both the first and second semester to measure C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. An inflammatory composite for each semester was created by averaging the standardized scores for log-transformed C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. RESULTS Compared to continuing-gens, first-gens had greater systemic inflammation in the first semester regardless of their level of emotional support (B = 0.515, p = .003). However, emotional support moderated the association between college generation status and prospective systemic inflammation in the second semester (B = -0.525, p = .007) such that first-gens had greater systemic inflammation compared to continuing-gens, but only if they reported lower levels of emotional support (B = 0.826, p = .002). This moderation effect held after further adjusting for systemic inflammation in the first semester (B = -0.374, p = .022). Also discussed are results of secondary analyses examining sources of support. DISCUSSION Compared to continuing-gens, first-gens had greater systemic inflammation in the first semester irrespective of emotional support, suggesting all first-gens may stand to benefit from college resources provided early in the college transition. Furthermore, first-gens who reported lower levels of emotional support may benefit from additional college resources provided beyond the first semester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Hannah M C Schreier
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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21
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McField AA, Lawrence TI, Okoli IC. Examining the relationships between cyberbullying, relational victimization, and family support on depressive symptoms and substance use among adolescents. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 28:224-236. [PMID: 35727706 DOI: 10.1177/13591045221110126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined whether cyberbullying, relational victimization, and family support were associated with depressive symptoms and substance use among adolescents (N = 1232). A path analysis revealed that cyberbullying, relational victimization, and family support were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Also, cyberbullying and relational victimization was positively related to substance use, whereas family support was not statistically predictive of substance use. This study highlights preventive interventions for cyberbullying, relational victimization, and family support in schools and families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ifeoma C Okoli
- Psychology, 12344The University of Texas Permian Basin, USA
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22
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Huizar YP, Cundiff JM, Schmidt AT, Cribbet MR. Risky Early Family Environment and Genetic Associations with Adult Metabolic Dysregulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14032. [PMID: 36360915 PMCID: PMC9656925 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Growing up in a family environment characterized by neglectful parenting, overt conflict, and unsupportive relationships is associated with poor health in adulthood. A risky early family environment may also be associated with obesity in adulthood, likely through the activation of the HPA axis. Likewise, the GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acid) T>C single nucleotide polymorphism in the 1519 nucleotide position of the GABAAα6 receptor subunit gene has been associated with a predisposition to a higher body mass index and a larger waist circumference. Participants (n = 213, Mage = 30.13 years, SD = 10.85; 57.7% men) from the Pittsburgh Cold Study 3 completed a demographic questionnaire, the Risky Families Questionnaire (RFQ) and had their height, weight, and waist circumference measured during a physical exam. Participant DNA was recovered from buccal swabs and genotyped for the various allelic types of the SNP according to published protocols. In secondary data analyses, we tested the hypothesis that early family environment and GABRA6 would be positively associated with body mass index and waist circumference. We also examined diurnal cortisol as a mechanism linking both early risky family environment and GABRA6 to metabolic outcomes. The findings provide evidence that a risky early family environment may exert more influence than genetic predisposition when determining the indices of metabolic health in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmine P. Huizar
- Department of Psychology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Jenny M. Cundiff
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, 348 Gordon Palmer Hall, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Adam T. Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Matthew R. Cribbet
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, 348 Gordon Palmer Hall, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
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23
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Manalel JA, Antonucci TC. Development of social convoys: Trajectories of convoy structure and composition from childhood through adulthood. Dev Psychol 2022; 58:1806-1815. [PMID: 35653760 PMCID: PMC9639451 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Personal networks undergo changes in structure and composition throughout the life span, adapting to developmental transitions and changing circumstances in a dynamic way. This study examines stability and change in social convoys from childhood to adulthood and variation in trajectories of convoy characteristics by gender and race. Multilevel models for convoy structure and composition characteristics were estimated using three waves of longitudinal data spanning 23 years. The regionally representative sample included 193 children aged 8 to 12 in Wave 1 (1992) who were surveyed again in their 20s (Wave 2) and 30s (Wave 3). The Wave 1 sample comprised 52% girls, 32% Black children, and 59% White children with average maternal educational attainment of 13 years. Overall, changes in composition, proximity, and contact frequency were observed at each wave. Between Waves 1 and 2, the changes reflect age-normative trends toward network diversification typical of the transition to adulthood, whereas between Waves 2 and 3, the changes were consistent with those expected as young adults settle into stable roles. We also identified convoy characteristics that differed between men and women and between Black and White individuals, emphasizing the importance of considering personal characteristics to fully understand form and function of social relations. Social convoy trajectories early in the life span provide direction for more in-depth examinations of the implications of social ties during these critical life periods. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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24
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West TN, Don BP, Fredrickson BL. Attachment insecurity moderates emotion responses to mindfulness and loving-kindness meditation in adults raised in low socioeconomic status households. Emotion 2022; 22:1101-1118. [PMID: 35201791 PMCID: PMC9399318 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Research on attachment theory holds that insecure attachment influences people's daily social and emotional experiences. Mindfulness meditation and loving-kindness meditation have been associated with improvements in physical and mental well-being often through their influence on emotion experience and regulation. Yet, little research has examined how emotional well-being may be improved in insecurely attached individuals through meditation practice. We suspected that the emotion profiles of anxious and avoidant attachment may shift with meditation training, both across time and on a particular day. Improving emotional well-being may be especially consequential for those most at risk for negative health outcomes in late life. A diverse community sample of midlife adults raised in low-SES homes (N = 113; 55% white, 87.5% female) completed daily emotion reports for 10 weeks, during which they received 6 weeks of meditation training, randomized to either loving-kindness or mindfulness meditation practice. Results from growth curve analyses revealed that individuals with greater attachment anxiety and randomized to mindfulness meditation reported significant increases over time in positive emotions alongside decreases in negative emotions. Those high in attachment avoidance reported significant decreases in negative emotions in both meditation groups. On the daily level, within-person dose-response analyses revealed that individuals with greater attachment anxiety showed the most consistent dose-response relations between the duration of either meditation practice and same-day increases in positive emotions and decreases in negative emotions. These findings highlight how meditation interventions can shift emotion profiles of insecurely attached midlife adults who are at heightened risk for late life chronic illnesses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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25
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Hu X, Guo C, Liu J, Zhang K. Bridging the Digital Divide: Childhood Social Relationships and Mobile Payment Use Among Chinese Middle-Aged and Older Adults. J Appl Gerontol 2022; 41:2469-2479. [PMID: 35938737 DOI: 10.1177/07334648221117771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This research accordingly examines the effect of childhood social relationships on the use of mobile payment and e-money among Chinese middle-aged and older adults from a life course perspective and tests the mediation role of social activities in such a path with the Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) method. The findings support that good childhood community relationships, peer relationships, and close relationships positively affect mobile payment and electronic money use when people enter middle and old age. These effects are significantly mediated by social activities in later life. The findings make marginal contributions to life course theory (LCT), with practical implications for individuals, commercial enterprises, governments, and societies in their efforts to facilitate a society that promotes the digital inclusion of middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Hu
- Institute of Population Research, 12465Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Institute of Population Research, 12465Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Population Research, 12465Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ketian Zhang
- Harris School of Public Policy Studies, 199616University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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van Eickels RL, Tsarpalis-Fragkoulidis A, Zemp M. Family cohesion, shame-proneness, expressive suppression, and adolescent mental health-A path model approach. Front Psychol 2022; 13:921250. [PMID: 35992453 PMCID: PMC9382198 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.921250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The family remains one of the most important relationship systems into early adulthood and provides an important foundation for lifelong mental health. Dysfunctional family cohesion can promote adjustment problems in adolescents and might also affect adolescents' self-concept and strategies for coping with emotional distress. To test these relationships and the underlying mechanisms, we proposed a dual mediation model describing the associations between family cohesion and internalizing and externalizing problems, mediated by shame-proneness and expressive suppression. Methods A sample of 526 German-speaking adolescents aged 14 to 18 years from Austria, Germany, and Switzerland participated in an online self-report survey encompassing questionnaires on family cohesion, shame-proneness, expressive suppression, and psychological problems. We tested a path model to examine the indirect pathways of the associations between family cohesion and internalizing and externalizing problems via shame-proneness and expressive suppression, while controlling for age, gender, and guilt-proneness. Results We found a significant dual mediation of the associations between family cohesion and internalizing and externalizing problems by shame-proneness and expressive suppression. The indirect pathways were all significant, except for the indirect pathway from family cohesion to externalizing problems via shame-proneness. Discussion Our results provide a model for the mechanisms by which disrupted family cohesion can be related to psychological problems in adolescents. Expressive suppression emerged as crucial when considering the consequences of shame-proneness in adolescents, as it was only indirectly related to externalizing problems via expressive suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel L. van Eickels
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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27
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Alen NV, Shields GS, Nemer A, D'Souza IA, Ohlgart MJ, Hostinar CE. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between parenting and child autonomic nervous system activity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 139:104734. [PMID: 35716874 PMCID: PMC11023739 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Parental socialization may influence the development of children's autonomic nervous system (ANS), a key stress-response system. However, to date no quantitative synthesis of the literature linking parenting and child ANS physiology has been conducted. To address this gap, we conducted a pre-registered meta-analysis. A systematic review of the literature identified 103 studies (n = 13,044 participants) with available effect sizes describing the association between parenting and either parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) or sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity in children. The overall analysis revealed non-significant associations between parenting and child ANS physiology on average. However, moderation analyses revealed a positive association between more positive parenting and higher resting PNS activity that was stronger when a study was experimental rather than correlational, and when the sample included children with a clinical condition. In conclusion, well-controlled experimental studies show that positive parenting is associated with the development of higher resting PNS activity, an effect that may be stronger among children who are at elevated developmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas V Alen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, USA; Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology, University of Trier, Germany
| | - Grant S Shields
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, USA; Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Adele Nemer
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, USA
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Robles TF, Bai S, Meng YY. Ozone Pollution, Perceived Support at Home, and Asthma Symptom Severity in the Adolescent Sample of the California Health Interview Survey. Int J Behav Med 2022; 30:398-408. [PMID: 35655059 PMCID: PMC10167194 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outdoor air pollution, including ozone (O3) pollution, and childhood family environments may interact and impact asthma exacerbations in children. Previous epidemiology studies have primarily focused on stress in the home, rather than support, and whether psychosocial factors modify the association between pollution and health outcomes, rather than whether pollution exposure modifies associations between psychosocial factors and health outcomes. METHODS Data from the cross-sectional 2003 representative, population-based California Health Interview Survey were linked with air quality monitoring data on O3 pollution from the California Air Resources Board. Adolescents (N = 209) ages 12-17 who reported an asthma diagnosis and lived within 5 mi of the nearest air monitoring station had linked O3 data for a 12-month period preceding the survey interview date. Adolescents reported perceived available support from an adult at home and frequency of asthma symptoms. RESULTS In unadjusted models, for adolescents living in high O3 pollution regions, greater perceived support was related to lower asthma symptom frequency. Follow-up analyses suggested that the most plausible interpretation of the interaction was that O3 exposure modified the association between perceived support and symptom frequency. O3 × perceived support interactions were not statistically significant after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSIONS These data provide preliminary evidence that the association between the lack of support in the home environment and worse asthma symptoms may be stronger in areas with higher O3 exposure. Future work may benefit from incorporating personal pollution exposure assessments, comprehensive family environment assessments, and longitudinal follow-up of asthma exacerbations over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore F Robles
- Department of Psychology, University of California, 1285 Psychology Building, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA.
| | - Sunhye Bai
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 216 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ying-Ying Meng
- Center for Health Policy Research, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 10960 Wilshire Blvd, Suite 1550, Box 957143, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7143, USA
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Guthmuller S. Loneliness among older adults in Europe: The relative importance of early and later life conditions. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267562. [PMID: 35584108 PMCID: PMC9116676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to study the association between childhood circumstances and loneliness in older adults in Europe. Based on rich information collected by the Survey on Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) on childhood characteristics and individual characteristics at age 50+, the study is able to control for personality traits, socioeconomic and demographic factors, social support and health in later life, and country-specific characteristics. The analyses show strong correlations between life circumstances in childhood and feeling lonely in older age; these correlations remain significant after adjusting for covariates. While ill health is the main factor correlated with loneliness at 50+, as expected, the analysis of the relative importance of the determinants reveals that personality traits account for more than 10% of the explained variance and that life circumstances during childhood account for 7%. Social support at older ages is the second highest category of factors, accounting for 27%-with, interestingly, support at home and social network characteristics contributing about 10% each, engaging in activities and computer skills accounting for 7% of the explained variance. Demographic and socioeconomic factors account for 6% and country-level characteristics contribute 5%. This paper points out the relevance of early life interventions to tackling loneliness in older age, and it shows that early interventions and interventions aiming at increasing social support in later life need to be adapted to all personality types. Thus, the role of childhood circumstances and the mechanisms explaining the association between loneliness in childhood and loneliness in later life deserve more attention in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Guthmuller
- Department of Socioeconomics, Health Economics and Policy group, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria
- RWI Essen, Leibniz Science Campus Ruhr, Essen, Germany
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Stendardo M, Renzi C, Pallavi R, Roda N, Gambino V, Casciaro F, Persico G, Giorgio M. The early-life stress induced by oxytocin inhibition in p53 knockout mouse dams increases adulthood tumorigenesis in first and second generations. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 6:e1625. [PMID: 35546267 PMCID: PMC9875680 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life stress due to poor parental care has been suggested to increase cancer risk, though, so far, no experimental evidence established a link between defective parental behavior and spontaneous tumorigenesis in progeny. Essential maternal behavior is regulated, in particular, by the oxytocin (OT) hormonal circuit, which in turn responds to stimuli from the offspring and impinges on the central nervous systems. METHODS By providing L-368,899 OT receptor (OTR) inhibitor to lactating mothers, we set up a model of defective maternal care in p53 knockout mice. RESULTS The progeny of these dams showed, later in life, higher cortisol levels, shortened life span and increased tumorigenic potential of bone marrow cells (BMC). Notably, these phenotypes were transmitted to the following generation. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the inhibition of OT function in mothers is a novel paradigm of early-life stress that is inherited across generations and increases cancer risk in tumor-prone mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Stendardo
- Experimental Oncology DepartmentIRCCS‐European Institute of OncologyMilanItaly
| | - Chiara Renzi
- University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Rani Pallavi
- Experimental Oncology DepartmentIRCCS‐European Institute of OncologyMilanItaly
| | - Niccolò Roda
- Experimental Oncology DepartmentIRCCS‐European Institute of OncologyMilanItaly
| | - Valentina Gambino
- Experimental Oncology DepartmentIRCCS‐European Institute of OncologyMilanItaly
| | | | - Giuseppe Persico
- Experimental Oncology DepartmentIRCCS‐European Institute of OncologyMilanItaly
| | - Marco Giorgio
- Experimental Oncology DepartmentIRCCS‐European Institute of OncologyMilanItaly
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PaduaPadovaItaly
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Eickels RLV, Zemp M, Grütter J. Familiäre Unterstützung als Schutzfaktor für Jugendliche während der COVID-19-Pandemie. KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG 2022. [DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403/a000376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Familie stellt in Krisen einen zentralen Schutzfaktor für Jugendliche dar. Fragestellung: Diese Studie untersuchte die Zusammenhänge zwischen familiärer Unterstützung, der Sorge um die Gesundheit anderer und der psychischen Belastung von Jugendlichen. Methode: Daten einer Online-Studie zum Ende des 1. Lockdowns 2020 in Österreich und der Schweiz wurden mittels eines Strukturgleichungsmodells analysiert. Ergebnisse: Familiäre Unterstützung hing positiv mit der Sorge um die Gesundheit anderer und negativ mit psychischer Belastung zusammen. Die Schweizer Jugendlichen berichteten höhere Sorge um die Gesundheit anderer sowie eine geringere psychische Belastung. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Die familiäre Unterstützung spielt eine wichtige Rolle im Befinden und Erleben von Jugendlichen während der Pandemie.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Zemp
- Institut für Klinische und Gesundheitspsychologie, Universität Wien, Österreich
| | - Jeanine Grütter
- Empirische Bildungsforschung, Universität Konstanz, Deutschland
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Lovis-Schmidt A, Bilz L, Pahlke K, Rindermann H. Physical Health Complaints in Adolescents. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: Some of the physical health complaints adolescents have, such as headaches and stomachaches, cannot be explained on a somatic level. It is unclear which psychological factors can explain these complaints: stress and social support are often discussed, but emotions rarely are. Aims: This cross-sectional study aims to use social support, stress, the tendency toward negative emotions, and health behaviors to predict physical health complaints in adolescents. Method: The 2018 HBSC (Health Behavior in School-aged Children) data from the German state of Brandenburg was analyzed via structural equation and path modeling ( N = 3,068, age M = 13.05). Results: Results showed that the tendency toward negative emotions seems to be a better predictor for health complaints (β = .35) than stress (β = .17), and even better suited than social support (β = −.08) or health behavior (β = −.06 to β = .16). In the analysis of specific emotions (anger, sadness, and fear), correlations were low and between sadness and complaints they were highest (average β = .19). Limitations: The present cross-sectional study could not examine long-term outcomes. In addition, the results are limited to only a few physical complaints. Future long-term studies should examine multiple disease symptoms in adolescence. Conclusion: The investigated tendency toward negative emotions demonstrated promising results to better understand the relationship between psychological factors and physical health complaints. As negative emotions were particularly important in predicting physical health, prevention programs for adolescents should focus on dealing with negative emotions to improve their health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ludwig Bilz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Kyra Pahlke
- Dr Fontheim Health System, Liebenburg, Germany
| | - Heiner Rindermann
- Department of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany
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Barreto MDS, Garcia-Vivar C, da Silva TP, Girardon-Perlini NMO, Marcon SS. A Corbin and Strauss Grounded Theory on the Experiences of Patients, Relatives, and Health Professionals About the Family Presence During Emergency Care. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 2022; 45:E1-E14. [PMID: 34267047 DOI: 10.1097/ans.0000000000000390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the experiences of patients, relatives, and health professionals about family presence during emergency care. In this grounded theory, 42 participants were interviewed from October 2016 to February 2017 in 2 Brazilian emergency rooms. Data collection and analysis were based on the constant comparative method. Findings identified that there is a social meaning about family presence during emergency care, which is conditioned, sporadic, and variable, and health professionals are responsible for the decision. The implementation of family systems care in emergency rooms is required to meet the needs of both patients and families. A Supplemental Digital Content video abstract is available at http://links.lww.com/ANS/A30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayckel da Silva Barreto
- Department of Nursing, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (Dr Barreto); Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain (Dr Garcia-Vivar); Department of Nursing, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Dr da Silva); Department of Nursing, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil (Dr Girardon-Perlini); and Department of Nursing, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil (Dr Marcon)
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Marziali ME, Levy NS, Martins SS. Perceptions of peer and parental attitudes toward substance use and actual adolescent substance use: The impact of adolescent-confidant relationships. Subst Abus 2022; 43:1085-1093. [PMID: 35442871 PMCID: PMC9706817 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2022.2060439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: While peer influence is a well-documented risk factor for adolescent substance use, it remains unclear whether peer or parental attitudes have greater impact, and if this relationship is moderated by having a confidant and the relationship between adolescents and their confidant. Method: Pooled (2015-2018) National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data on adolescents (12-17 years) were used. Perceived peer and parental disapproval of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use were dichotomized. We assessed associations between disapproval and past-month tobacco (N = 51,352), alcohol (N = 51,407), and marijuana use (N = 51,355) using separate multivariable logistic regression models. We explored effect modification by the presence of a confidant, parental vs. non-parental disapproval, and peer vs. non-peer confidant relationship. Results: Peer and parental disapproval, presence of any confidant, and identifying a parental confidant were consistently protective against substance use; identifying a peer confidant increased odds of use across substances. For marijuana use, peer disapproval (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06, 0.08) was more protective than parental disapproval (aOR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.15). The joint presence of peer/parental disapproval and any confidant decreased the odds of substance use beyond the individual effects of peer/parental disapproval and having a confidant. However, having a peer confidant attenuated the protective association between peer/parental disapproval and tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use. Conclusions: Both peer and parental relationships are salient when considering the social context of adolescent substance use and should be considered when studying the effects of perceived disapproval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Marziali
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Natalie S. Levy
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Silvia S. Martins
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032,Corresponding author: Dr. Silvia Martins, , Phone: 212-305-2848, Address: 722 W 168th St, 5th floor, Room 509, New York, NY, 10032
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35
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Cong CW, Tan CS, Noew HS, Wu SL. Psychometric Evaluation of the Malay Version of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale III for Malaysian Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010156. [PMID: 35010416 PMCID: PMC8750947 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale III (FACES-III) has been widely used to measure an individual’s family functioning in terms of cohesion and adaptability. In Malaysia, the FACES-III has been translated into the Malay language for the community, but its psychometric properties in this context remain unknown. Thus, the purpose of this research is to examine the psychometric properties of the Malay version of the FACES-III in 852 adolescents attending secondary schools in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Data were randomly split into two halves: the exploration sample and the validation sample. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the exploration sample and a two-factor model was discovered after removing nine items that showed low factor loading. Then, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the validation sample to compare the one-factor models, two-factor models, and three-factor models. Results showed that the 11-item two-factor model (FACES-III-M-SF) was superior to the other competing models. Both the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses replicated the two-factor structure of the original version of FACES-III. The reliability of the overall scale was consistently good, but the subscale results were mixed. This suggests that researchers should use the overall score, but not the subscale scores, in analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Wen Cong
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar 31900, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (C.W.C.); (C.-S.T.)
| | - Chee-Seng Tan
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar 31900, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (C.W.C.); (C.-S.T.)
| | - Hooi San Noew
- Department of Communication, College of Liberal Arts, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, China;
| | - Shin Ling Wu
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
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Zhang K, Zhang W. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Later Life: Exploring Rural/Urban and Gender Differences Using CHARLS. J Appl Gerontol 2021; 41:1454-1464. [PMID: 34933578 DOI: 10.1177/07334648211064796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to examine whether and how adverse childhood experiences are associated with mild cognitive impairment among middle-aged and older adults in China, and if the associations vary by gender and rural/urban residence. Using four waves of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, cox proportional hazard models were applied. Results showed that the rural and female subsamples were significantly disadvantaged and were more likely to be cognitively impaired. Moreover, childhood family socioeconomic status and childhood social relationships were significantly associated with the risk of mild cognitive impairment for the study sample. Our findings suggest that, for middle-aged and older Chinese adults, adverse childhood experiences could have long-lasting impacts on cognitive functioning throughout the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqing Zhang
- Department of Sociology, 204835University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Sociology, 204835University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Zaborskis A, Kavaliauskienė A, Eriksson C, Klemera E, Dimitrova E, Melkumova M, Husarova D. Family Support as Smoking Prevention during Transition from Early to Late Adolescence: A Study in 42 Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12739. [PMID: 34886464 PMCID: PMC8656923 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Family support has a beneficial impact on protecting health-risk behaviour in adolescents. This study aimed to explore whether family support is associated with risk of smoking during transition from early (11 years) to late (15 years) adolescence across 42 countries. The data from the cross-national Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in 2017/2018 were employed (N = 195,966). Family support was measured using the four-item Family dimension of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (sum score 20 or more was categorised as high family support). Smoking was defined as a reported cigarette smoking at least 1-2 days in the last 30 days. The association between smoking and family support was assessed using a prevalence ratio (PR) obtained from the multivariate Poisson regression. Over two thirds of adolescents reported high levels of support from their family. Family support was found to significantly decrease with age in most of the countries, with the boys reported high level of family support more often than girls. The adolescents who reported having low family support also were more likely to smoke compared to their peers who reported having high family support (PR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.71-1.91 in boys, and PR = 2.19; 95% CI: 2.08-2.31 in girls). The countries with a stronger effect of family support in reducing smoking risk indicated lower rates of adolescent smoking as well as lower increases in the cigarette smoking prevalence during the age period from 11 to 15 years. This study reinforces the need for family support, which is an important asset helping adolescents to overcome the risk of smoking during their transition from early to late adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apolinaras Zaborskis
- Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aistė Kavaliauskienė
- Faculty of Odontology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Charli Eriksson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Ellen Klemera
- Centre for Health Services Studies, Division of Low, Society and Social Justice, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NS, UK;
| | - Elitsa Dimitrova
- Institute for Population and Human Studies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences & Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Marina Melkumova
- Arabkir Medical Centre-Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, National Institute of Health, Yerevan 0014, Armenia;
| | - Daniela Husarova
- Department of Health Psychology and Methodology Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 04011 Kosice, Slovakia;
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Petrican R, Miles S, Rudd L, Wasiewska W, Graham KS, Lawrence AD. Pubertal timing and functional neurodevelopmental alterations independently mediate the effect of family conflict on adolescent psychopathology. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 52:101032. [PMID: 34781251 PMCID: PMC10436252 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that early life adversity (ELA) heightens psychopathology risk by concurrently altering pubertal and neurodevelopmental timing, and associated gene transcription signatures. Analyses focused on threat- (family conflict/neighbourhood crime) and deprivation-related ELAs (parental inattentiveness/unmet material needs), using longitudinal data from 1514 biologically unrelated youths in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Typical developmental changes in white matter microstructure corresponded to widespread BOLD signal variability (BOLDsv) increases (linked to cell communication and biosynthesis genes) and region-specific task-related BOLDsv increases/decreases (linked to signal transduction, immune and external environmental response genes). Increasing resting-state (RS), but decreasing task-related BOLDsv predicted normative functional network segregation. Family conflict was the strongest concurrent and prospective contributor to psychopathology, while material deprivation constituted an additive risk factor. ELA-linked psychopathology was predicted by higher Time 1 threat-evoked BOLDSV (associated with axonal development, myelination, cell differentiation and signal transduction genes), reduced Time 2 RS BOLDsv (associated with cell metabolism and attention genes) and greater Time 1 to Time 2 control/attention network segregation. Earlier pubertal timing and neurodevelopmental alterations independently mediated ELA effects on psychopathology. Our results underscore the differential roles of the immediate and wider external environment(s) in concurrent and longer-term ELA consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Petrican
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Sian Miles
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lily Rudd
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Wiktoria Wasiewska
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kim S Graham
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Lawrence
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
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39
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Do S, Coumans JMJ, Börnhorst C, Pohlabeln H, Reisch LA, Danner UN, Russo P, Veidebaum T, Tornaritis M, Molnár D, Hunsberger M, De Henauw S, Moreno LA, Ahrens W, Hebestreit A. Associations Between Psychosocial Well-Being, Stressful Life Events and Emotion-Driven Impulsiveness in European Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 51:1106-1117. [PMID: 34751911 PMCID: PMC9090687 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Knowing the extent to which mental well-being and stressful life events during adolescence contribute to personality characteristics related to risk-taking behaviors, such as emotion-driven impulsiveness, is highly relevant for the development of health promotion measures. This study examined whether psychosocial well-being and different stressful life events are associated with emotion-driven impulsiveness. In total, 3,031 adolescents (52% girls; Mage = 13.6 years) were included from the I. Family Study, a cross-sectional examination on lifestyle-related behaviors conducted across eight European countries in 2013/14. Linear mixed-effects regression models showed that higher psychosocial well-being was associated with lower emotion-driven impulsiveness independent of socio-demographic, health-related, and parental variables. A higher number of stressful life events was associated with higher emotion-driven impulsiveness. Psychosocial well-being and stressful life events need to be further considered in the development and tailoring of health promotion strategies that aim to reduce emotion-driven impulsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Do
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstrasse 5, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Juul M J Coumans
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Valkenburgerweg 177, 6419 AT, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Börnhorst
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hermann Pohlabeln
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lucia A Reisch
- Copenhagen Business School, Dalgas Have 15, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Unna N Danner
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Wenshoek 4, 3705 WE, Zeist, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Via Roma 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Hiiu 42, 11619, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Michael Tornaritis
- Research and Education Institute of Child health, REF, 138, Limassol Avenue, 2015, Strovolos, Cyprus
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, József A. u. 7, 7623, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Monica Hunsberger
- University of Gothenburg, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Box 453, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, ingang 42 - verdieping 5, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Universidad de Zaragoza (UNIZAR), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Domingo Miral s/n, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstrasse 5, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
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40
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Shakiba N, Gao MM, Conradt E, Terrell S, Lester BM. Parent-child relationship quality and adolescent health: Testing the differential susceptibility and diathesis-stress hypotheses in African American youths. Child Dev 2021; 93:269-287. [PMID: 34473345 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study tested two competing models of differential susceptibility and diathesis-stress in a prospective longitudinal study of African American youths (N = 935). It examined whether individual variations in the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis at age 11 interact with middle childhood parent-child relationship quality to predict mental and physical health problems in adolescence (ages 11-15 years old). Adolescent boys with lower levels of cortisol reactivity to laboratory challenges had the highest levels of internalizing problems if they experienced a high conflictual relationship with their parents. Equally low-reactive boys, however, reported the lowest number of physical illnesses if their relationship with their parents was characterized by high levels of intimacy and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nila Shakiba
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA
| | | | - Elisabeth Conradt
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of OB/GYN, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sarah Terrell
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Barry M Lester
- Department of Psychiatry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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41
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Risky family climates presage increased cellular aging in young adulthood. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 130:105256. [PMID: 34058561 PMCID: PMC8217285 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A scientific consensus is emerging that children reared in risky family climates are prone to chronic diseases and premature death later in life. Few prospective data, however, are available to inform the mechanisms of these relationships. In a prospective study involving 323 Black families, we sought to determine whether, and how, childhood risky family climates are linked to a potential risk factor for later-life disease: increases in cellular aging (indexed by epigenetic aging). As hypothesized, risky family climates were associated with greater outflows of the stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine at ages 19 and 20 years; this, in turn, led to increases in cellular aging across ages 20-27 years. If sustained, these tendencies may place children from risky family climates on a trajectory toward the chronic diseases of aging.
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42
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Choi J, Kim HK, Capaldi DM, Snodgrass JJ. Long-term effects of father involvement in childhood on their son's physiological stress regulation system in adulthood. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22152. [PMID: 34124784 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Using a long-term prospective longitudinal study of U.S. men and their fathers, the present study examined the extent to which the quantity (i.e., shared activities between fathers and sons) and the quality (i.e., assessors' ratings of fathers' positive behaviors toward sons and the relationship quality between fathers and sons) of father involvement during childhood influenced sons' diurnal patterns of salivary cortisol in adulthood (late 30s) directly and indirectly through substance use across the 20s. Findings indicated that the quantity of father involvement during childhood was directly associated with sons' diurnal cortisol patterns assessed almost 30 years later. Specifically, the quantity of father involvement in childhood significantly increased the intercept (i.e., upon awakening) and also led to a greater reduction in cortisol across the day, suggesting a well-regulated diurnal cortisol pattern. The quantity of father involvement significantly reduced the amount of sons' illicit drug and tobacco use across the 20s. Tobacco use across the 20s was associated with a lower cortisol intercept level (upon awakening), although the mediating path was not significant. The present study provided empirical evidence demonstrating long-term physiological and behavioral consequences of father involvement in childhood and its potency as a crucial early caregiving environment for sons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Choi
- Department of Child and Family Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun K Kim
- Department of Child and Family Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Human Life & Innovation Design, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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43
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Robles TF. Annual Research Review: Social relationships and the immune system during development. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:539-559. [PMID: 33164229 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A child's social relationships serve critical functions during development. The interface between a child's social world and their immune system, particularly innate immunity, which helped children survive in the face of infections, nutritional scarcity, and violence throughout human history, is the focus of this Annual Research Review. This article reviews the state of research on social relationships and innate immune inflammation during childhood. Warmth and rejection in childhood social relationships, as well as physical trauma and unpredictable social environments, were not consistently related to circulating inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein during childhood. Instead, links between social environments and inflammation were observed in studies that focus on children with greater background risk factors, such as low family socioeconomic status, family history of mood disorders, or presence of chronic interpersonal stressors combined with acute episodic stressors. In addition, studies on worse childhood social environments and greater inflammation in adulthood were more consistent. Warmth and rejection in the social environment may be related to sensitivity of immune cells to the anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids, though this is primarily observed in adolescent women at risk for depression. Additional mechanistic evidence suggests that greater warmth and less rejection are related to processes that regulate inflammation, including greater expression of the glucocorticoid receptor gene and lower expression of genes that are responsive to the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-kappa B. The article concludes by discussing implications of the interface between a child's social relationships and inflammation for mental health and other recent (on evolutionary timescales) health threats, as well as recommendations for future research, and recommendations for researchers interested in integrating inflammatory measures in developmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore F Robles
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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44
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Alm S, Låftman SB, Bohman H. Poor family relationships in adolescence as a risk factor of in-patient somatic care across the life course: Findings from a 1953 cohort. SSM Popul Health 2021; 14:100807. [PMID: 34027010 PMCID: PMC8122361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prior research has shown that poor family relations during upbringing have long-term detrimental effects on mental health. Few previous studies have, however, focused on somatic health outcomes and studies rarely cover the life span until retirement age. The aims of the current study were, firstly, to examine the association between poor family relationships in adolescence and in-patient somatic care across the life course whilst adjusting for confounders at baseline and concurrent psychiatric in-patient care; and secondly, to compare the risks of somatic and psychiatric in-patient care across the life course. Methods Prospective data from the Stockholm Birth Cohort study were used, with 2636 participants born in 1953 who were followed up until 2016. Information on family relationships was collected from the participants’ mothers in 1968. Annual information on in-patient somatic and psychiatric care was retrieved from official register data from 1969 to 2016. Results Poisson regressions showed that poor family relationships in adolescence were associated with an increased risk of in-patient somatic care in mid- and especially in late adulthood (ages 44–53 and 54–63 years), even when controlling for the co-occurrence of psychiatric illness and a range of childhood conditions. No statistically significant association was observed in early adulthood (ages 16–43 years), when controlling for confounders. These findings are in sharp contrast to the analyses of inpatient psychiatric care, according to which the association with poor family relations was strongest in early adulthood and thereafter attenuated across the life course. Conclusion Poor family relationships in adolescence are associated with an increased risk of severe consequences for somatic health lasting to late adulthood even when controlling for confounders including in-patient psychiatric care, emphasising the potentially important role of early interventions. Using longitudinal data, the article investigates long term health consequences of poor family relationships in adolescence. We find an association between poor relations and increased risk of in-patient somatic care in mid- and in late adulthood. Conversely, the association between poor family relations and an in-patient psychiatric care is strongest in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Alm
- Department of Criminology, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sara Brolin Låftman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Bohman
- Department of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Box 593, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Akademiska University Hospital, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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45
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Cox ED, Palta M, Lasarev M, Binder AT, Connolly JR, Flynn KE. Influences of health and environmental deprivation on family relationships among children with chronic disease. Qual Life Res 2021; 30:1337-1346. [PMID: 33496901 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-020-02737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Families play a key role in managing chronic illness. Among chronically ill children, we describe the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Family Relationships measure over time and its associations with sociodemographics, environmental deprivation, and health. METHODS Parents of children aged 8-18 years with asthma (n = 171), type 1 diabetes (n = 199), or sickle cell disease (n = 135), recruited in pediatric clinics and emergency departments (ED), completed demographic surveys. Every six months for up to three years, children completed PROMIS Family Relationships, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms short forms (T-scores; mean 50, SD = 10), and a 5-level health status item. Linear mixed models were fit to estimate associations. RESULTS Older baseline age was associated with weaker family relationships. For example, for each 3-year higher baseline age, relationships were 3 points weaker for males (- 3.0; 95%CI - 5.7 to - .0.2) and females (- 3.1; 95%CI - 6.0 to - 0.3) with asthma recruited in the ED. For each 1-unit higher mean overall health, relationships were 4.6 points (95%CI 3.2-6.1) stronger for children with diabetes and about 2 points stronger for children with asthma (2.3; 0.7-3.9) and sickle cell disease (2.1; 0.3-3.9). Family relationships were 0.3-0.5 points weaker for each 1-unit increment in mean anxiety or depressive symptoms across all three diseases. Relationships were not significantly associated with environmental deprivation and generally stable over time. CONCLUSIONS Family relationships were weaker among older children and generally stable over time, yet fluctuated with physical and mental health. Monitoring PROMIS Family Relationships scores may facilitate referrals for chronically ill children who need support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Cox
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, H6/558 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792-4108, USA.
| | - Mari Palta
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael Lasarev
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alex T Binder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, H6/558 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792-4108, USA
| | - Jenny R Connolly
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, H6/558 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792-4108, USA
| | - Kathryn E Flynn
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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46
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Kim JJ, Fuligni AJ. Psychological Reactivity to Daily Family Experiences During Adolescence: Individual Differences and Developmental Stability. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30:820-834. [PMID: 33017512 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined adolescent psychological reactivity to daily family experiences, an important feature of emotion regulation that could have significant implications for psychopathology. A total of 428 Mexican-heritage adolescents (Mage = 15.02 years, range: 13-18 years) completed daily diary checklists for 14 days and again 1 year later. Results revealed that adolescents' family experiences were associated with negative mood, positive mood, and role fulfillment on a daily basis. Only role fulfillment reactivity was stable across 1 year, suggesting instability in individual differences in positive and negative mood reactivity. Sex moderated the relation between positive and negative mood reactivity during the second year of study, with males exhibiting broad psychological reactivity to daily family experiences. However, females who experienced higher negative mood reactivity exhibited less positive mood reactivity. Implications for possible sex differences in depression risk during the high school years are discussed.
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47
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Lei MK, Beach SRH. Can We Uncouple Neighborhood Disadvantage and Delinquent Behaviors? An Experimental Test of Family Resilience Guided by the Social Disorganization Theory of Delinquent Behaviors. FAMILY PROCESS 2020; 59:1801-1817. [PMID: 32073152 PMCID: PMC7434646 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the influence of neighborhood disadvantage on youth development of delinquent behavior is well established, findings from this research have yet to inform the development of family-centered prevention programming to protect youth from these erosive effects. The current paper examines the role of family integration in buffering the impact of social disadvantage in a sample of N = 298 families randomly assigned either to a control condition or to a family-based prevention program previously shown to enhance marriage and parenting. We first confirmed that neighborhood concentrated disadvantage predicted change in delinquent behaviors across the course of the study. Additionally, replicating prior work, parents participating in the Protecting Strong African American Families (ProSAAF) program, relative to those randomly assigned to the control group, significantly improved their use of effective communication strategies with each other and reduced ineffective conflict in front of youth. This resulted in a significant indirect effect of ProSAAF on change in youth delinquent behaviors. Furthermore, using mediated moderation analysis, the study tested the buffering effect of greater family integration, showing that experimentally produced change in interparental communication skills and the resulting reduction in youth exposure to parental conflict buffered the effect of neighborhood disadvantage on change in youth delinquent behaviors, supporting a mediated moderation model in which family environments buffer neighborhood effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Kit Lei
- Department of Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
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48
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Maepa MP, Ntshalintshali T. Family Structure and History of Childhood Trauma: Associations With Risk-Taking Behavior Among Adolescents in Swaziland. Front Public Health 2020; 8:563325. [PMID: 33154959 PMCID: PMC7591591 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.563325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Risk-taking and self-harm behavior among adolescent are a global challenge. This study explored family structure and history of childhood trauma and their association with risk-taking and self-harm behaviors among adolescents in Swaziland. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, a sample of 470 male and female adolescents were sampled through simple random sampling from selected high schools in Swaziland. They completed a questionnaire assessing family structure, history of childhood trauma, and risk-taking and self-harm behaviors. Analysis of variance and t-test were used to analyze the results. Results: The findings revealed that family structure significantly influence risk-taking and self-harm behavior among adolescents [F(2, 247) = 5.481; P < 0.004] those from child-headed and single-parent households reported higher risk-taking and self-harm behaviors. The results also revealed adolescents history of childhood trauma to be more risk-takers than those without history of childhood trauma t(468) = 3.409, p < 0.001. Discussion: Study results suggest that family structure and history of childhood trauma have significant association with adolescents' risk-taking and self-harm behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokoena Patronella Maepa
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thobile Ntshalintshali
- Psychosocial and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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49
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Huffman LG, Oshri A, Caughy M. An autonomic nervous system context of harsh parenting and youth aggression versus delinquency. Biol Psychol 2020; 156:107966. [PMID: 33027683 PMCID: PMC7665164 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Harsh parenting is a significant predictor of youth aggression and delinquency. However, not every child exposed to adverse parenting develops such problem behaviors. Recent developmental evolutionary models suggest that variability in stress response reactivity to parenting, reflected by autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning, may affect the impact of adverse parenting on youth behavioral adjustment. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the ANS moderate the association between parenting and aggressive and delinquent behaviors. The study sample included low-income, ethnically diverse preadolescents (M = 10.28 years old; N = 101) and their caregivers. Direct effects were found from basal RSA to delinquent behaviors. In addition, harsh parenting predicted increased youths' aggressive and delinquent behaviors in the context of high RSA withdrawal and increased youths' delinquent behaviors in the context of shortened basal PEP. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landry Goodgame Huffman
- Neuroscience Program, Biomedical & Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30607, United States.
| | - Assaf Oshri
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, College of Family & Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30607, United States
| | - Margaret Caughy
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, College of Family & Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30607, United States
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50
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Alen NV, Sloan RP, Seeman TE, Hostinar CE. Childhood Parental Warmth and Heart Rate Variability in Midlife: Implications for Health. PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2020; 27:506-525. [PMID: 33244293 PMCID: PMC7685289 DOI: 10.1111/pere.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) as a potential mediator between childhood parental warmth and later health and mortality outcomes. Participants were 1,255 adults (56.9% female). Childhood parental warmth was reported retrospectively at mean age 46; resting HF-HRV was measured at mean age 57; cardiovascular health and self-evaluated health were assessed at mean age 57 and 63, and mortality records extracted at mean age 63. Results revealed a positive association between childhood parental warmth and resting HF-HRV, as well as associations between higher HF-HRV and reduced risk of having a later cardiovascular health problem and of mortality by age 63. Mediation analyses revealed a small significant indirect effect of parental warmth, through HF-HRV, on cardiovascular health.
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