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Lu WH, Chen HF, King PC, Peng C, Huang YS. CPEB2-activated Prdm16 translation promotes brown adipocyte function and prevents obesity. Mol Metab 2024; 89:102034. [PMID: 39305947 PMCID: PMC11462068 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in mammalian thermogenesis through the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Our previous study identified cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 2 (CPEB2) as a key regulator that activates the translation of Ucp1 with a long 3'-untranslated region (Ucp1L) in response to adrenergic signaling. Mice lacking CPEB2 or Ucp1L exhibited reduced UCP1 expression and impaired thermogenesis; however, only CPEB2-null mice displayed obesogenic phenotypes. Hence, this study aims to investigate how CPEB2-controlled translation impacts body weight. METHODS Body weight measurements were conducted on mice with global knockout (KO) of CPEB2, UCP1 or Ucp1L, as well as those with conditional knockout of CPEB2 in neurons or adipose tissues. RNA sequencing coupled with bioinformatics analysis was used to identify dysregulated gene expression in CPEB2-deficient BAT. The role of CPEB2 in regulating PRD1-BF1-RIZ1 homologous-domain containing 16 (PRDM16) expression was subsequently confirmed by RT-qPCR, Western blotting, polysomal profiling and luciferase reporter assays. Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) expressing CPEB2 or PRDM16 were delivered into BAT to assess their efficacy in mitigating weight gain in CPEB2-KO mice. RESULTS We validated that defective BAT function contributed to the increased weight gain in CPEB2-KO mice. Transcriptomic profiling revealed upregulated expression of genes associated with muscle development in CPEB2-KO BAT. Given that both brown adipocytes and myocytes stem from myogenic factor 5-expressing precursors, with their cell-fate differentiation regulated by PRDM16, we identified that Prdm16 was translationally upregulated by CPEB2. Ectopic expression of PRDM16 in CPEB2-deprived BAT restored gene expression profiles and decreased weight gain in CPEB2-KO mice. CONCLUSIONS In addition to Ucp1L, activation of Prdm16 translation by CPEB2 is critical for sustaining brown adipocyte function. These findings unveil a new layer of post-transcriptional regulation governed by CPEB2, fine-tuning thermogenic and metabolic activities of brown adipocytes to control body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsin Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Feng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chih King
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chi Peng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shuian Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
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Arbee S, Himeno T, Miura-Yura E, Kato M, Islam S, Jahan N, Kamiya H, Watanabe H. Versican maintains the homeostasis of adipose tissues and regulates energy metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 727:150309. [PMID: 38936224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Versican is a large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in the extracellular matrix. It plays a pivotal role in the formation of the provisional matrix. S100a4, previously known as fibroblast-specific protein, functions as a calcium channel-binding protein. To investigate the role of versican expressed in fibroblasts, we generated conditional knockout mice in which versican expression is deleted in cells expressing S100a4. We found that S100a4 is expressed in adipose tissues, and these mice exhibit obesity under a normal diet, which becomes apparent as early as five months. The white adipose tissues of these mice exhibited decreased expression levels of S100a4 and versican and hypertrophy of adipocytes. qRT-PCR showed a reduced level of UCP1 in their white adipose tissues, indicating that the basic energy metabolism is diminished. These results suggest that versican in adipose tissues maintains the homeostasis of adipose tissues and regulates energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Arbee
- Insitute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Tatsuhito Himeno
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Emiri Miura-Yura
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Makoto Kato
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shamima Islam
- Insitute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Nushrat Jahan
- Insitute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hideto Watanabe
- Insitute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan.
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Lee K, Kim HJ, Kim JY, Shim JJ, Lee JH. A Mixture of Lactobacillus HY7601 and KY1032 Regulates Energy Metabolism in Adipose Tissue and Improves Cholesterol Disposal in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:2570. [PMID: 39125449 PMCID: PMC11314552 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to characterize the anti-obesity and anti-atherosclerosis effects of Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 using high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese C57BL/6 mice. We divided the mice into control (CON), HFD, HFD with 108 CFU/kg/day probiotics (HFD + KL, HY7301:KY1032 = 1:1), and HFD with 109 CFU/kg/day probiotics (HFD + KH, HY7301:KY1032 = 1:1) groups and fed/treated them during 7 weeks. The body mass, brown adipose tissue (BAT), inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) masses and the total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were remarkably lower in probiotic-treated groups than in the HFD group in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the expression of uncoupling protein 1 in the BAT, iWAT, and eWAT was significantly higher in probiotic-treated HFD mice than in the HFD mice, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting. We also measured the expression of cholesterol transport genes in the liver and jejunum and found that the expression of those encoding liver-X-receptor α, ATP-binding cassette transporters G5 and G8, and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase were significantly higher in the HFD + KH mice than in the HFD mice. Thus, a Lactobacillus HY7601 and KY1032 mixture with 109 CFU/kg/day concentration can assist with body weight regulation through the management of lipid metabolism and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joo-Yun Kim
- R&BD Center, Hy Co., Ltd., 22 Giheungdanji-ro 24 Beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea; (K.L.); (H.-J.K.); (J.-J.S.); (J.-H.L.)
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Marin-Couture E, Pérusse L, Bouchard C, Schrauwen P, Joanisse DR, Tremblay A. Mechanical efficiency: associations with body composition and glycemic profile in healthy adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05528-w. [PMID: 39068628 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05528-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the association between net mechanical efficiency (NME) and body composition and glycemic profile, in middle-aged (38.3 ± 14.3 years) participants from the Quebec Family Study (QFS). Analyses were completed on a sample of 605 participants (271 males and 334 females) who performed a submaximal exercise test on an ergometer consisting of three consecutive 6-min workloads at increasing intensity during which respiratory gas exchange was assessed. The calculation of NME [power output/ (vO2-vO2seated before exercise)] was based on the values of the last 3 min of the first workload at a targeted power output of 30 W. Correlations between NME and dependent variables were computed separately in males and females. Associations between NME and body composition and glucose-insulin variables were assessed by comparing groups of subjects categorized in sex-specific tertiles of NME after adjustments for age. Significant negative correlations were observed between NME and body composition and glycemic profile in both sexes. Comparison across tertiles showed that individuals with high NME displayed more favorable adiposity and glycemic profiles. These differences remained significant after further adjustments for participation in vigorous physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and mean exercise respiratory exchange ratio whereas most differences in glucose-insulin variables became non-significant after further adjustment for percent body fat. QFS familial data indicate that the heritability of NME reaches about 30%. In conclusion, the results of this study show that beyond aerobic fitness and physical activity-participation, mechanical efficiency is an additional activity-related variable that is independently associated with variations in body composition and glycemic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Marin-Couture
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, PEPS, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food (INAF), Quebec City, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Durable - VITAM, CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, PEPS, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food (INAF), Quebec City, Canada
| | | | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Denis R Joanisse
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, PEPS, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, PEPS, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food (INAF), Quebec City, Canada.
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, Canada.
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Won YS, Bak SG, Chandimali N, Park EH, Lim HJ, Kwon HS, Park SI, Lee SJ. 7-MEGA™ inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and suppresses obesity in high-fat-diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:192. [PMID: 38909257 PMCID: PMC11193219 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight, often known as obesity, is the abnormal and excessive accumulation of fat that exposes the health of a person at risk by increasing the likelihood that they may experience many chronic conditions. Consequently, obesity has become a global health threat, presenting serious health issues, and attracting a lot of attention in the healthcare profession and the scientific community. METHOD This study aims to explore the anti-adipogenic properties of 7-MEGA™ in an attempt to address obesity, using both in vitro and in vivo research. The effects of 7MEGA™ at three distinct concentrations were investigated in obese mice who were given a high-fat diet (HFD) and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. RESULTS 7MEGA™ decreased the total fat mass, overall body weight, and the perirenal and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (PWAT and SWAT) contents in HFD mice. Additionally, 7MEGA™ showed promise in improving the metabolic health of individuals with obesity and regulate the levels of insulin hormone, pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. Furthermore, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) α and γ, Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP-1), Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 1 (SREBP-1), Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 (FABP4), Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS), Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC), Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 (SCD-1) and CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein (C/EBPα) were among the adipogenic regulators that 7MEGA™ could regulate. CONCLUSION In summary, this study uncovered that 7MEGA™ demonstrates anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity effects, suggesting its potential in combating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Seon Won
- Division of Research Management, Department of Bioresource Industrialization, Honam National Institute of Biological Resource, Mokpo, 58762, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Gyeong Bak
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-Gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Nisansala Chandimali
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-Gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hyun Park
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-Gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jin Lim
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Se Kwon
- R&D Team, Food & Supplement Health Claims, Vitech, Jeonju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Jae Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-Gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Applied Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Sohouli MH, Eslamian G, Ardehali SH, Raeissadat SA, Shimi G, Pourvali K, Zand H. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on the expressions of UCP1 and factors related to thyroid function in visceral adipose tissue of obese adults: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. GENES & NUTRITION 2024; 19:8. [PMID: 38702594 PMCID: PMC11069202 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-024-00744-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidences have shown that obesity is influenced by various factors, including various hormones such as thyroid hormones and the body's metabolism rate. It seems that practical solutions such as weight loss diets and common drugs can affect these potential disorders. In this study, we investigate one of these common drugs, N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), on expressions of UCP1 and factors related to thyroid function in adults with obesity. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The current investigation was carried out as a randomized clinical trial (RCT) including 43 adults with obesity who were potential candidates for bariatric surgery. These individuals were randomly divided into two groups: 600 mg of NAC (n = 22) or placebo (n = 21) for a duration of 8 weeks. Visceral adipose tissue was utilized in the context of bariatric surgery to investigate the gene expression of UCP1 and thyroid function. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in duplicate for UCP1, DIO2, DIO3, THRα and β, and 18s RNA (as an internal control) using the provided instructions to investigate the expression of the respective genes. RESULTS Our findings revealed that after 8 weeks compared to placebo, NAC caused a significant decrease in the expression of the DIO3 gene as one of the genes related to thyroid function and metabolism. However, regarding other related genes, no statistically significant was found (despite the increase in UCP1, DIO2, and THRα expression and decrease in THRβ expression). In addition, after adjustment of possible confounders, no significant effect was observed on anthropometric factors and serum levels of thyroid hormones. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that, following an 8-week period, NAC effectively decreases the expression of the DIO3 gene in the visceral fat tissue, in comparison to the placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Eslamian
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Ardehali
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Raeissadat
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Shimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoun Pourvali
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Zand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Stanic S, Bardova K, Janovska P, Rossmeisl M, Kopecky J, Zouhar P. Prolonged FGF21 treatment increases energy expenditure and induces weight loss in obese mice independently of UCP1 and adrenergic signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116042. [PMID: 38325495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) reduces body weight, which was attributed to induced energy expenditure (EE). Conflicting data have been published on the role of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in this effect. Therefore, we aimed to revisit the thermoregulatory effects of FGF21 and their implications for body weight regulation. We found that an 8-day treatment with FGF21 lowers body weight to similar extent in both wildtype (WT) and UCP1-deficient (KO) mice fed high-fat diet. In WT mice, this effect is solely due to increased EE, associated with a strong activation of UCP1 and with excess heat dissipated through the tail. This thermogenesis takes place in the interscapular region and can be attenuated by a β-adrenergic inhibitor propranolol. In KO mice, FGF21-induced weight loss correlates with a modest increase in EE, which is independent of adrenergic signaling, and with a reduced energy intake. Interestingly, the gene expression profile of interscapular brown adipose tissue (but not subcutaneous white adipose tissue) of KO mice is massively affected by FGF21, as shown by increased expression of genes encoding triacylglycerol/free fatty acid cycle enzymes. Thus, FGF21 elicits central thermogenic and pyretic effects followed by a concomitant increase in EE and body temperature, respectively. The associated weight loss is strongly dependent on UCP1-based thermogenesis. However, in the absence of UCP1, alternative mechanisms of energy dissipation may contribute, possibly based on futile triacylglycerol/free fatty acid cycling in brown adipose tissue and reduced food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Stanic
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, Prague 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Bardova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Janovska
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zouhar
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic.
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Meng Y, Li W, Hu C, Chen S, Li H, Bai F, Zheng L, Yuan Y, Fan Y, Zhou Y. Ginsenoside F1 administration promotes UCP1-dependent fat browning and ameliorates obesity-associated insulin resistance. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Oelkrug R, Harder L, Pedaran M, Hoffmann A, Kolms B, Inderhees J, Gachkar S, Resch J, Johann K, Jöhren O, Krause K, Mittag J. Maternal thyroid hormone receptor β activation in mice sparks brown fat thermogenesis in the offspring. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6742. [PMID: 37875497 PMCID: PMC10597992 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42425-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that maternal thyroid hormones play an important role for the developing fetus; however, the consequences of maternal hyperthyroidism for the offspring remain poorly understood. Here we show in mice that maternal 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) treatment during pregnancy leads to improved glucose tolerance in the adult male offspring and hyperactivity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis in both sexes starting early after birth. The activated BAT provides advantages upon cold exposure, reducing the strain on other thermogenic organs like muscle. This maternal BAT programming requires intact maternal thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) signaling, as offspring of mothers lacking this receptor display the opposite phenotype. On the molecular level, we identify distinct T3 induced alterations in maternal serum metabolites, including choline, a key metabolite for healthy pregnancy. Taken together, our results connect maternal TRβ activation to the fetal programming of a thermoregulatory phenotype in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Oelkrug
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lisbeth Harder
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mehdi Pedaran
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beke Kolms
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julica Inderhees
- Bioanalytic Core Facility - Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sogol Gachkar
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julia Resch
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kornelia Johann
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Olaf Jöhren
- Bioanalytic Core Facility - Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kerstin Krause
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
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Oruganti L, Reddy Sankaran K, Dinnupati HG, Kotakadi VS, Meriga B. Anti-adipogenic and lipid-lowering activity of piperine and epigallocatechin gallate in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1152-1159. [PMID: 33836628 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1908366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-adipogenic activity of piperine (PIP) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in 3T3-L1 cells. In cytotoxicity studies, PIP and EGCG showed IC50 values of 260 and 218 µM respectively and in combination (20 µM each) did not show cytotoxicity. Treatment with PIP and EGCG (20 µM each) significantly (p<.01) inhibited cell differentiation, lipid droplets deposition and enhanced glycerol release in 3T3-L1 cells. The secreted level of leptin was decreased but adiponectin level was increased in treated 3T3-L1 cells than untreated cells. In molecular expression studies, key adipogenic genes PPAR-γ, SREBP-1c, FAS, Fab-4, C/EBP-α and HMG-CoA reductase were markedly down-regulated but UCP-1 was up-regulated intreated 3T3-L1 cells and the same trend was observed in expression levels of selected proteins. In conclusion, our results demonstrated a combination of PIP and EGCG exhibited strong anti-adipogenic and lipid lowering effect than individual treatments due to synergism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokanatha Oruganti
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Karunakaran Reddy Sankaran
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | | | | | - Balaji Meriga
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
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Aboouf MA, Gorr TA, Hamdy NM, Gassmann M, Thiersch M. Myoglobin in Brown Adipose Tissue: A Multifaceted Player in Thermogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:2240. [PMID: 37759463 PMCID: PMC10526770 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in energy homeostasis by generating heat from chemical energy via uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation. Besides its high mitochondrial content and its exclusive expression of the uncoupling protein 1, another key feature of BAT is the high expression of myoglobin (MB), a heme-containing protein that typically binds oxygen, thereby facilitating the diffusion of the gas from cell membranes to mitochondria of muscle cells. In addition, MB also modulates nitric oxide (NO•) pools and can bind C16 and C18 fatty acids, which indicates a role in lipid metabolism. Recent studies in humans and mice implicated MB present in BAT in the regulation of lipid droplet morphology and fatty acid shuttling and composition, as well as mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. These functions suggest that MB plays an essential role in BAT energy metabolism and thermogenesis. In this review, we will discuss in detail the possible physiological roles played by MB in BAT thermogenesis along with the potential underlying molecular mechanisms and focus on the question of how BAT-MB expression is regulated and, in turn, how this globin regulates mitochondrial, lipid, and NO• metabolism. Finally, we present potential MB-mediated approaches to augment energy metabolism, which ultimately could help tackle different metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A. Aboouf
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Thomas A. Gorr
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nadia M. Hamdy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Thiersch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Han SY, Kim J, Kim BK, Whang WK, Min H. Effects of caffeoylquinic acid analogs derived from aerial parts of Artemisia iwayomogi on adipogenesis. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1215-1223. [PMID: 37362808 PMCID: PMC10289966 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisia iwayomogi (AI) is a perennial herb found in Korea. Its ground parts are dried and used in food and traditional medicine for treating hepatitis, inflammation, cholelithiasis, and jaundice. In this study, the anti-obesity effects of single compounds isolated from AI extracts on adipose tissue were investigated. Results demonstrated that caffeoylquinic acid analogs strongly inhibited adipocyte differentiation from 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and reduced neutral lipids in differentiated adipocytes. Accordingly, lipid accumulation in adipocytes decreased, and lipid droplets became granulated. Caffeoylquinic acid analogs suppressed the expression of adipocyte differentiation marker genes, namely, Cebpa, Lep, and Fabp4, but it induced the expression of Ucp1, Ppargc1a, and Fgf21, which are browning biomarkers. Therefore, caffeoylquinic acid analogs from AI inhibited preadipocyte differentiation and induced adipose tissue browning, suggesting that these compounds could be promising therapeutic agents for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Young Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseokro, Dongjakgu, Seoul, 06974 Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseokro, Dongjakgu, Seoul, 06974 Korea
| | - Bo Kyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseokro, Dongjakgu, Seoul, 06974 Korea
| | - Wan Kyunn Whang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseokro, Dongjakgu, Seoul, 06974 Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Min
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseokro, Dongjakgu, Seoul, 06974 Korea
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13
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Fuentes-Romero R, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Vasquez-Reyes S, Pérez-Jiménez B, Domínguez Velázquez ZN, Sánchez-Tapia M, Vargas-Castillo A, Tobón-Cornejo S, López-Barradas AM, Mendoza V, Torres N, López-Casillas F, Tovar AR. Genistein-mediated thermogenesis and white-to-beige adipocyte differentiation involve transcriptional activation of cAMP response elements in the Ucp1 promoter. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23079. [PMID: 37410022 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300139rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Genistein is an isoflavone present in soybeans and is considered a bioactive compound due to its widely reported biological activity. We have previously shown that intraperitoneal genistein administration and diet supplementation activates the thermogenic program in rats and mice subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) under multiple environmental cues, including cold exposure and high-fat diet feeding. However, the mechanistic insights of this process were not previously unveiled. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a mitochondrial membrane polypeptide responsible for dissipating energy into heat, is considered the most relevant thermogenic marker; thus, we aimed to evaluate whether genistein regulates UCP1 transcription. Here we show that genistein administration to thermoneutral-housed mice leads to the appearance of beige adipocyte markers, including a sharp upregulation of UCP1 expression and protein abundance in scWAT. Reporter assays showed an increase in UCP1 promoter activity after genistein stimulation, and in silico analysis revealed the presence of estrogen (ERE) and cAMP (CRE) response elements as putative candidates of genistein activation. Mutation of the CRE but not the ERE reduced genistein-induced promoter activity by 51%. Additionally, in vitro and in vivo ChIP assays demonstrated the binding of CREB to the UCP1 promoter after acute genistein administration. Taken together, these data elucidate the mechanism of genistein-mediated UCP1 induction and confirm its potential applications in managing metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Fuentes-Romero
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Laura A Velázquez-Villegas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Sarai Vasquez-Reyes
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Berenice Pérez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Zuleima N Domínguez Velázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Sánchez-Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Ariana Vargas-Castillo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Tobón-Cornejo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Adriana M López-Barradas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Valentín Mendoza
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Cellular Physiology, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Fernando López-Casillas
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Cellular Physiology, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
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14
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Zu Y, Pahlavani M, Ramalingam L, Jayarathne S, Andrade J, Scoggin S, Festuccia WT, Kalupahana NS, Moustaid-Moussa N. Temperature-Dependent Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) on Browning of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in UCP1 Knockout Male Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108708. [PMID: 37240054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) plays a central role in thermogenic tissues by uncoupling cellular respiration to dissipate energy. Beige adipocytes, an inducible form of thermogenic cells in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), have become a major focus in obesity research. We have previously shown that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ameliorated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity by activating brown fat in C57BL/6J (B6) mice at thermoneutrality (30 °C), independently of UCP1. Here, we investigated whether ambient temperature (22 °C) impacts EPA effects on SAT browning in wild-type (WT) and UCP1 knockout (KO) male mice and dissected underlying mechanisms using a cell model. We observed resistance to diet-induced obesity in UCP1 KO mice fed HFD at ambient temperature, with significantly higher expression of UCP1-independent thermogenic markers, compared to WT mice. These markers included the fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2b (SERCA2b), suggesting the indispensable role of temperature in beige fat reprogramming. Surprisingly, although EPA induced thermogenic effects in SAT-derived adipocytes harvested from both KO and WT mice, EPA only increased thermogenic gene and protein expression in the SAT of UCP1 KO mice housed at ambient temperature. Collectively, our findings indicate that the thermogenic effects of EPA, which are independent of UCP1, occur in a temperature-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Zu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Mandana Pahlavani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Shasika Jayarathne
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Jose Andrade
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Shane Scoggin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - William T Festuccia
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Nishan S Kalupahana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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15
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Das A, Pathak MP, Pathak K, Saikia R, Gogoi U. Herbal medicine for the treatment of obesity-associated asthma: a comprehensive review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1186060. [PMID: 37251328 PMCID: PMC10213975 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1186060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is fast growing as a global pandemic and is associated with numerous comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, gastroesophageal reflux disease, sleep disorders, nephropathy, neuropathy, as well as asthma. Studies stated that obese asthmatic subjects suffer from an increased risk of asthma, and encounter severe symptoms due to a number of pathophysiology. It is very vital to understand the copious relationship between obesity and asthma, however, a clear and pinpoint pathogenesis underlying the association between obesity and asthma is scarce. There is a plethora of obesity-asthma etiologies reported viz., increased circulating pro-inflammatory adipokines like leptin, resistin, and decreased anti-inflammatory adipokines like adiponectin, depletion of ROS controller Nrf2/HO-1 axis, nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) associated macrophage polarization, hypertrophy of WAT, activation of Notch signaling pathway, and dysregulated melanocortin pathway reported, however, there is a very limited number of reports that interrelates these pathophysiologies. Due to the underlying complex pathophysiologies exaggerated by obese conditions, obese asthmatics respond poorly to anti-asthmatic drugs. The poor response towards anti-asthmatic drugs may be due to the anti-asthmatics approach only that ignores the anti-obesity target. So, aiming only at the conventional anti-asthmatic targets in obese-asthmatics may prove to be futile until and unless treatment is directed towards ameliorating obesity pathogenesis for a holistic approach towards amelioration of obesity-associated asthma. Herbal medicines for obesity as well as obesity-associated comorbidities are fast becoming safer and more effective alternatives to conventional drugs due to their multitargeted approach with fewer adverse effects. Although, herbal medicines are widely used for obesity-associated comorbidities, however, a limited number of herbal medicines have been scientifically validated and reported against obesity-associated asthma. Notable among them are quercetin, curcumin, geraniol, resveratrol, β-Caryophyllene, celastrol, tomatidine to name a few. In view of this, there is a dire need for a comprehensive review that may summarize the role of bioactive phytoconstituents from different sources like plants, marine as well as essential oils in terms of their therapeutic mechanisms. So, this review aims to critically discuss the therapeutic role of herbal medicine in the form of bioactive phytoconstituents against obesity-associated asthma available in the scientific literature to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparoop Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Manash Pratim Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Kalyani Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Riya Saikia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Urvashee Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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16
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Doucette CC, Nguyen DC, Barteselli D, Blanchard S, Pelletier M, Kesharwani D, Jachimowicz E, Su S, Karolak M, Brown AC. Optogenetic activation of UCP1-dependent thermogenesis in brown adipocytes. iScience 2023; 26:106560. [PMID: 37123235 PMCID: PMC10139976 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipocytes are unique in that they expend energy and produce heat to maintain euthermia through expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1). Given their propensity to stimulate weight loss and promote resistance to obesity, they are a compelling interventional target for obesity-related disorders. Here, we tested whether an optogenetic approach could be used to activate UCP1-dependent thermogenesis in brown adipocytes. We generated brown adipocytes expressing a bacterial-derived photoactivatable adenylyl cyclase (bPAC) that, upon blue light stimulation, increases UCP1 expression, fuel uptake and thermogenesis. This unique system allows for precise, chemical free, temporal control of UCP1-dependent thermogenesis, which can aid in our understanding of brown adipocyte biology and development of therapies that target obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad C. Doucette
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Daniel C. Nguyen
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Davide Barteselli
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Sophia Blanchard
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Mason Pelletier
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Devesh Kesharwani
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Ed Jachimowicz
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Su Su
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Michele Karolak
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Aaron C. Brown
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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17
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Su CW, Chen CY, Mao T, Chen N, Steudel N, Jiao L, Lan J, Fasano A, Walker WA, Shi HN. Maternal helminth infection protects offspring from high-fat-diet-induced obesity through altered microbiota and SCFAs. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:389-403. [PMID: 36788341 PMCID: PMC10066288 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-00979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminth-induced Th2 immunity and gut microbiota have been recently shown to be highly effective in modulating metabolic syndromes in animal models. This study aimed to determine whether maternal immunity and microbial factors affect the induction and development of obesity in offspring. Here, Heligomosomoides polygyrus (Hp)-infected or control female C57BL/6J mice mated with normal males and their offspring were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 9 weeks after weaning. Our results showed that Hp-induced maternal outcomes during gestation and lactation significantly impacted offspring metabolic phenotypes. This was evidenced by results showing that offspring from helminth-infected mothers on an HFD (Hp-offspring + HFD) gained significantly less body weight than those from uninfected mothers (Cont-offspring + HFD). Hp-offspring + HFD exhibited no Th2 phenotype but displayed a pattern of gut microbiota composition similar to that of Hp-infected mothers. Cross-fostering experiments confirmed that the helminth-induced maternal attenuation of offspring obesity was mediated through both prenatal and postnatal effects. Our results further showed that helminth-infected dams and their offspring had a markedly altered gut microbiome composition, with increased production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Intriguingly, Hp-infected mothers and Hp-offspring + HFD showed increased SCFA receptor (GPR) expression in adipose and colonic tissues compared to noninfected mothers and Cont-offspring + HFD, respectively. Moreover, SCFA supplementation to the pups of uninfected control mothers during lactation protected against HFD-induced weight gain, which corresponded with changes in gut bacterial colonization. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into the complex interaction of maternal immune status and gut microbiome, Hp infection, and the immunity and gut microbiome in obese-prone offspring in infant life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wen Su
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Tangyou Mao
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nicholas Steudel
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Lefei Jiao
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jinggang Lan
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - W Allan Walker
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Hai Ning Shi
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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18
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Genetic advancements in obesity management and CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing system. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:491-501. [PMID: 35909208 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04518-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Human genome research has reached new heights in the recent decade thanks to a major advance in genome editing. Genome editing enables scientists to understand better the functions of a single gene and its impact on a wide range of diseases. In brief, genome editing is a technique for introducing alterations into specific DNA sequences, such as insertions, deletions, or base substitutions. Several methods are adopted to perform genome editing and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) systems. Unfortunately, despite substantial progress in understanding the molecular pathways behind obesity, anti-obesity medications are now ineffective. If you are obese, a 10% weight decrease would be preferable to healthy body weight for most people. CRISPR-Cas9, on the other hand, has been shown to reduce body weight by an astonishing 20%. Hence, this updated review elaborates on the molecular basis of obesity, risk factors, types of gene therapy, possible mechanisms, and advantages of the CRISPR-Cas9 system over other methods.
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19
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Chinnasamy P, Casimiro I, Riascos-Bernal DF, Venkatesh S, Parikh D, Maira A, Srinivasan A, Zheng W, Tarabra E, Zong H, Jayakumar S, Jeganathan V, Pradan K, Aleman JO, Singh R, Nandi S, Pessin JE, Sibinga NES. Increased adipose catecholamine levels and protection from obesity with loss of Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1. Nat Commun 2023; 14:38. [PMID: 36596796 PMCID: PMC9810600 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies implicate macrophages in regulation of thermogenic, sympathetic neuron-mediated norepinephrine (NE) signaling in adipose tissues, but understanding of such non-classical macrophage activities is incomplete. Here we show that male mice lacking the allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF1) protein resist high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and hyperglycemia. We link this phenotype to higher adipose NE levels that stem from decreased monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) expression and NE clearance by AIF1-deficient macrophages, and find through reciprocal bone marrow transplantation that donor Aif1-/- vs WT genotype confers the obesity phenotype in mice. Interestingly, human sequence variants near the AIF1 locus associate with obesity and diabetes; in adipose samples from participants with obesity, we observe direct correlation of AIF1 and MAOA transcript levels. These findings identify AIF1 as a regulator of MAOA expression in macrophages and catecholamine activity in adipose tissues - limiting energy expenditure and promoting energy storage - and suggest how it might contribute to human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prameladevi Chinnasamy
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Isabel Casimiro
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dario F Riascos-Bernal
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Shreeganesh Venkatesh
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dippal Parikh
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alishba Maira
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aparna Srinivasan
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Elena Tarabra
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine), Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Haihong Zong
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine), Bronx, NY, USA
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center and Fleischer Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Smitha Jayakumar
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Venkatesh Jeganathan
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kith Pradan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jose O Aleman
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajat Singh
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine), Bronx, NY, USA
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center and Fleischer Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sayan Nandi
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Pessin
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center and Fleischer Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas E S Sibinga
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center and Fleischer Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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20
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Kong L, Zhang W, Liu S, Zhong Z, Zheng G. Quercetin, Engelitin and Caffeic Acid of Smilax china L. Polyphenols, Stimulate 3T3-L1 Adipocytes to Brown-like Adipocytes Via β3-AR/AMPK Signaling Pathway. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 77:529-537. [PMID: 35986845 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-00996-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the browning effects mechanism of Smilax china L. polyphenols (SCLP) and its monomer. In this study, polyphenols (SCLP, engeletin, quercetin and caffeic acid) markedly suppressed lipid accumulation. Polyphenols significantly up-graded the expression of protein kinase A (PKA), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors alpha (PPARα), carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) to promote lipolysis and β-oxidation. Moreover, polyphenols greatly enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis in adipocytes, as demonstrated by the expression of Nrf1 and Tfam were up-regulated. Furthermore, polyphenols treatment greatly up-regulated the browning program in adipocytes by increased brown-specific genes and proteins uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) and PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), as well as beige-specific genes (Tmem26, Tbx1, CD137, Cited1), especially engeletin. Further research found that the brown-specific markers were decreased by antagonist treatment of AMPK or β3-AR, but polyphenols treatment reversed the effect of antagonists and improved the expression of UCP-1, PRDM16 and PGC-1α. In conclusion, these results indicated that polyphenols stimulate browning in adipocytes via activation of the β3-AR/AMPK signaling pathway, and SCLP and its monomer may be worth investigating to prevent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Kong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Zheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China.
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21
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Cruciani S, Garroni G, Pala R, Coradduzza D, Cossu ML, Ginesu GC, Capobianco G, Dessole S, Ventura C, Maioli M. Metformin and vitamin D modulate adipose-derived stem cell differentiation towards the beige phenotype. Adipocyte 2022; 11:356-365. [PMID: 35734882 PMCID: PMC9235891 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2085417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) represent an ideal stem cell population for regenerative medicine. ADSC adipogenic differentiation is controlled by the activation of a specific transcriptional program, including epigenetic factors and key adipogenic genes. Under certain conditioned media, ADSCs can differentiate into several phenotypes. We previously demonstrated that bioactive molecules could counteract lipid accumulation and regulate adipogenesis, acting on inflammation and vitamin D metabolism. In the present paper, we aimed at evaluating the effect of metformin and vitamin D in targeting ADSC differentiation towards an intermediate phenotype, as beige adipocytes. We exposed ADSCs to different conditioned media and then we evaluated the levels of expression of main markers of adipogenesis, aP2, LPL and ACOT2. We also analysed the gene and protein expression of thermogenic UCP1 protein, and the expression of PARP1 and the beige specific marker TMEM26. Our results showed a novel effect of metformin and vitamin D not only in inhibiting adipogenesis, but also in inducing a specific ‘brown-like’ phenotype. These findings pave the way for their possible application in the control of de novo lipogenesis useful for the prevention of obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cruciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Garroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Renzo Pala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Laura Cossu
- General Surgery Unit 2 "Clinica Chirurgica" Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences Department, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Carlo Ginesu
- General Surgery Unit 2 "Clinica Chirurgica" Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences Department, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giampiero Capobianco
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Dessole
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Carlo Ventura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems - Eldor Lab, Innovation Accelerator, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Center for Developmental Biology and Reprogramming (CEDEBIOR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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22
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Tsui L. Adipocyte-based high throughput screening for anti-obesity drug discovery: Current status and future perspectives. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2022; 27:375-383. [PMID: 35948270 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery for obesity treatment, particularly bodily slimming, is a topic of timely importance that requires continued investigation, as the current therapies have limited efficacy with many adverse effects. Obesity is associated with adipose tissue expansion, where the size and number of adipocytes increase. Over the past few decades, high-throughput/content screening (HTS/HCS) has been carried out on morphological changes in adipose tissues and adipocytes for the development of anti-obesity therapies. Increased understating of current adipocyte-based HTS/HCS technology will facilitate drug screening for obesity and weight control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Tsui
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Lee SY, Oh HR, Kim YH, Bae SH, Lee Y, Lee YS, Lee BC, Cheon GJ, Kang KW, Youn H. Cerenkov luminescence imaging of interscapular brown adipose tissue using a TSPO-targeting PET probe in the UCP1 ThermoMouse. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:6380-6394. [PMID: 36168637 PMCID: PMC9475450 DOI: 10.7150/thno.74828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography ([18F]FDG-PET) has been widely used as an imaging technique to measure interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) activity. However, it is challenging to obtain iBAT-specific images using [18F]FDG-PET because increased uptake of [18F]FDG is observed in tumors, muscle, and inflamed tissues. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the mitochondrial membrane, a well-known molecular marker of BAT, has been proposed as a useful BAT imaging marker. Recently, the UCP1 ThermoMouse was developed as a reporter mouse for monitoring UCP1 expression and investigating BAT activation. In addition, Translocator protein-18 kDa (TSPO) located in the outer mitochondrial membrane is also overexpressed in BAT, suggesting that TSPO-targeting PET has potential for iBAT imaging. However, there are no studies monitoring BAT using TSPO-targeting PET probes in the UCP1 ThermoMouse. Moreover, the non-invasive Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) using Cerenkov radiation from the PET probe has been proposed as an alternative option for PET as it is less expensive and user-friendly. Therefore, we selected [18F]fm-PBR28-d2 as a TSPO-targeting PET probe for iBAT imaging to evaluate the usefulness of CLI in the UCP1 ThermoMouse. Methods: UCP1 ThermoMouse was used to monitor UCP1 expression. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to measure the level of protein expression. [18F]fm-PBR28-d2 and [18F]FDG were used as radioactive probes for iBAT imaging. PET images were acquired with SimPET, and optical images were acquired with IVIS 100. Results: UCP1 ThermoMouse showed that UCP1 and TSPO expressions were correlated in iBAT. In both PET and CLI, the TSPO-targeting probe [18F]fm-PBR28-d2 was superior to [18F]FDG for acquiring iBAT images. The high molar activity of the probe was essential for CLI and PET imaging. We tested the feasibility of TSPO-targeting probe under cold exposure by imaging with TSPO-PET/CLI. Both signals of iBAT were clearly increased after cold stimulation. Under prolonged isoflurane anesthesia, TSPO-targeting images showed higher signals from iBAT in the short-term than in long-term groups. Conclusion: We demonstrated that TSPO-PET/CLI reflected UCP1 expression in iBAT imaging better than [18F]FDG-PET/CLI under the various conditions. Considering convenience and cost, TSPO-CLI could be used as an alternative TSPO-PET technique for iBAT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Rim Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Bae
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Lee
- Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Radiation Medicine Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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24
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Peanut Shell Extract and Luteolin Regulate Lipid Metabolism and Induce Browning in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172696. [PMID: 36076880 PMCID: PMC9455591 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut shells are agricultural waste products that require utilization. The freeze-dried ethanolic peanut shell extract (PSE) contained 10.01 ± 0.55 mg/g of luteolin (LUT) with a total polyphenol content of 18.11 ± 0.88 mg GAE/g. Thus, LUT is one of the major polyphenolic components in PSE. Although PSE displays antibacterial and neurotrophic activities, minimal research is available addressing its potential role in lipid metabolism. This study investigated the role of PSE in terms of inhibiting adipogenesis, accelerating lipolysis, and promoting lipid browning using the 3T3-L1 cell line. Without affecting cell viability, high concentrations of PSE and LUT prevented adipogenesis by reducing the mRNA levels of C/EBPα, PPARγ, and SREBP1-c, and increasing the protein levels of pACC and pAMPK. Moreover, PSE and LUT induced lipolysis by activating lipolytic proteins, and enhanced the protein expressions of the brown adipocyte-specific markers, UCP1, PGC-1α, and SIRT1 in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Increased mitochondrial biosynthesis provided additional evidence in favor of these findings. Due to their anti-obesity properties, it is proposed that PSE and LUT could be used as potential dietary supplements.
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25
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Herrera-García A, Pérez-Mendoza M, Arellanes-Licea EDC, Gasca-Martínez D, Carmona-Castro A, Díaz-Muñoz M, Miranda-Anaya M. Obesity in male volcano mice Neotomodon alstoni affects the daily rhythm of metabolism and thermoregulation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:963804. [PMID: 35990356 PMCID: PMC9386375 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.963804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse N. alstoni spontaneously develops the condition of obesity in captivity when fed regular chow. We aim to study the differences in metabolic performance and thermoregulation between adult lean and obese male mice. The experimental approach included indirect calorimetry using metabolic cages for VO2 intake and VCO2 production. In contrast, the body temperature was measured and analyzed using intraperitoneal data loggers. It was correlated with the relative presence of UCP1 protein and its gene expression from interscapular adipose tissue (iBAT). We also explored in this tissue the relative presence of Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) protein, the rate-limiting enzyme for catecholamine biosynthesis present in iBAT. Results indicate that obese mice show a daily rhythm persists in estimated parameters but with differences in amplitude and profile. Obese mice presented lower body temperature, and a low caloric expenditure, together with lower VO2 intake and VCO2 than lean mice. Also, obese mice present a reduced thermoregulatory response after a cold pulse. Results are correlated with a low relative presence of TH and UCP1 protein. However, qPCR analysis of Ucp1 presents an increase in gene expression in iBAT. Histology showed a reduced amount of brown adipocytes in BAT. The aforementioned indicates that the daily rhythm in aerobic metabolism, thermoregulation, and body temperature control have reduced amplitude in obese mice Neotomodon alstoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Herrera-García
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Moisés Pérez-Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Elvira del Carmen Arellanes-Licea
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Deisy Gasca-Martínez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Agustín Carmona-Castro
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Díaz-Muñoz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Manuel Miranda-Anaya
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
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26
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Huang Q, Wu M, Wu X, Zhang Y, Xia Y. Muscle-to-tumor crosstalk: The effect of exercise-induced myokine on cancer progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188761. [PMID: 35850277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise has gradually become a focus in cancer treatment due to its pronounced role in reducing cancer risk, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and improving prognosis. In recent decades, skeletal muscles have been considered endocrine organs, exerting their biological functions via the endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine systems by secreting various types of myokines. The amount of myokines secreted varies depending on the intensity, type, and duration of exercise. Recent studies have shown that muscle-derived myokines are highly involved the effects of exercise on cancer. Multiple myokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), oncostatin M (OSM), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), and irisin, directly mediate cancer progression by influencing the proliferation, apoptosis, stemness, drug resistance, metabolic reprogramming, and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of cancer cells. In addition, IL-6, interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-15 (IL-15), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and irisin can improve obesity-induced inflammation by stimulating lipolysis of adipose tissues, promoting glucose uptake, and accelerating the browning of white fat. Furthermore, some myokines could regulate the tumor microenvironment, such as angiogenesis and the immune microenvironment. Cancer cachexia occurs in up to 80% of cancer patients and is responsible for 22%-30% of patient deaths. It is characterized by systemic inflammation and decreased muscle mass. Exercise-induced myokine production is important in regulating cancer cachexia. This review summarizes the roles and underlying mechanisms of myokines, such as IL-6, myostatin, IL-15, irisin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and musclin, in cancer cachexia. Through comprehensive analysis, we conclude that myokines are potential targets for inhibiting cancer progression and the associated cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrui Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengling Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuyi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province/Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province/Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Chengdu 610041, China.
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27
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Wang D, Zhang X, Li Y, Jia L, Zhai L, Wei W, Zhang L, Jiang H, Bai Y. Exercise-Induced Browning of White Adipose Tissue and Improving Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity in Obese/Non-obese Growing Mice: Do Not Neglect Exosomal miR-27a. Front Nutr 2022; 9:940673. [PMID: 35782940 PMCID: PMC9248804 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.940673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is considered as a favorable measure to prevent and treat childhood obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms of exercise-induced beneficial effects and the difference between obese and non-obese individuals are largely unclear. Recently, miR-27a is recognized as a central upstream regulator of proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) in contributing to various physiological and pathological processes. This study aims to explore the possible cause of exercise affecting white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and reversing skeletal muscle insulin resistance in obese/non-obese immature bodies. For simulating the process of childhood obesity, juvenile mice were fed with a basal diet or high-fat diet (HFD) and took 1 or 2 h swimming exercise simultaneously for 10 weeks. The obese animal model was induced by the HFD. We found that exercise hindered HFD-induced body fat development in growing mice. Exercise modified glucolipid metabolism parameters differently in the obese/non-obese groups, and the changes of the 2 h exercise mice were not consistent with the 1 h exercise mice. The level of serum exosomal miR-27a in the non-exercise obese group was increased obviously, which was reduced in the exercise obese groups. Results from bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-27a targeted PPAR-γ. Exercise stimulated WAT browning; however, the response of obese WAT lagged behind normal WAT. In the HFD-fed mice, 2 h exercise activated the IRS-1/Akt/GLUT-4 signaling pathway in the skeletal muscles. In summary, our findings confirmed that exercise-induced beneficial effects are associated with exercise duration, and the response of obese and non-obese bodies is different. Exosomal miR-27a might be a crucial node for the process of exercise-induced browning of WAT and improving skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- The Second People’s Hospital of Jiashan, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xihuan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Xinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibai Li
- The First Division of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lihong Jia
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingling Zhai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongkun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinglong Bai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yinglong Bai,
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28
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Indian gooseberry and barley sprout mixture prevents obesity by regulating adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis in C57BL/6J mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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29
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Combined Phyllostachys pubescens and Scutellaria baicalensis Prevent High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Upregulating Thermogenesis and Energy Expenditure by UCP1 in Male C57BL/6J Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030446. [PMID: 35276805 PMCID: PMC8840647 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the anti-obesity effects of a Phyllostachys pubescens (leaf) and Scutellaria baicalensis root mixture (BS21), and its underlying mechanisms of action, in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Mice were fed a HFD with BS21 (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) for 9 weeks. BS21 reduced body weight, white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver weights, liver lipid accumulation, and adipocyte size. Additionally, BS21 reduced serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid, triglyceride, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, leptin, and insulin growth factor 1, but elevated the adiponectin concentrations. Furthermore, BS21 suppressed the mRNA levels of lipogenesis-related proteins, such as peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR) γ, SREBP-1c, C/EBP-α, fatty acid synthase, and leptin, but increased the mRNA gene expression of lipolysis-related proteins, such as PPAR-α, uncoupling protein (UCP) 2, adiponectin, and CPT1b, in WAT. In addition, BS21 increased the cold-stimulated adaptive thermogenesis and UCP1 protein expression with AMPK activation in adipose tissue. Furthermore, BS21 increased the WAT and mRNA expression of energy metabolism-related proteins SIRT1, PGC-1α, and FNDC5/irisin in the quadriceps femoris muscle. These results suggest that BS21 exerts anti-obesity and antihyperlipidemic activities in HFD-induced obese mice by increasing the thermogenesis and energy expenditure, and regulating lipid metabolism. Therefore, BS21 could be useful for preventing and treating obesity and its related metabolic diseases.
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30
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Almeida DL, Moreira VM, Cardoso LE, Junior MDF, Pavanelo A, Ribeiro TA, da Silva Franco CC, Tófolo LP, Peres MNC, Ribeiro MVG, Ferreira ARO, Gomes RM, Miranda RA, Trevenzoli IH, Armitage JA, Palma-Rigo K, de Freitas Mathias PC. Lean in one way, in obesity another: effects of moderate exercise in brown adipose tissue of early overfed male Wistar rats. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:137-143. [PMID: 34552207 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early postnatal overfeeding (PO) induces long-term overweight and reduces brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Exercise has been suggested as a possible intervention to increase BAT function. In this study, we investigated chronical effects of moderate-intensity exercise in BAT function in postnatal overfed male Wistar rats METHODS: Litters' delivery was on postnatal-day 0 - PN0. At PN2, litters were adjusted to nine (normal litter - NL) or three pups (small litter - SL) per dam. Animals were weaned on PN21 and in PN30 randomly divided into sedentary (NL-Sed and SL-Sed) or exercised (NL-Exe and SL-Exe), N of 14 litters per group. Exercise protocol started (PN30) with an effort test; training sessions were performed three times weekly at 60% of the VO2max achieved in effort test, until PN80. On PN81, a temperature transponder was implanted beneath the interscapular BAT, whose temperature was assessed in periods of lights-on and -off from PN87 to PN90. Sympathetic nerve activation of BAT was registered at PN90. Animals were euthanized at PN91 and tissues collected RESULTS: PO impaired BAT thermogenesis in lights-on (pPO < 0.0001) and -off (pPO < 0.01). Exercise increased BAT temperature in lights-on (pExe < 0.0001). In NL-Exe, increased BAT activity was associated with higher sympathetic activity (pExe < 0.05), β3-AR (pExe < 0.001), and UCP1 (pExe < 0.001) content. In SL-Exe, increasing BAT thermogenesis is driven by a combination of tissue morphology remodeling (pExe < 0.0001) with greater effect in increasing UCP1 (pExe < 0.001) and increased β3-AR (pExe < 0.001) content. CONCLUSION Moderate exercise chronically increased BAT thermogenesis in both, NL and SL groups. In NL-Exe by increasing Sympathetic activity, and in SL-Exe by a combination of increased β3-AR and UCP1 content with morphologic remodeling of BAT. Chronically increasing BAT thermogenesis in obese subjects may lead to higher overall energy expenditure, favoring the reduction of obesity and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Lopes Almeida
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil.
- Department of Physiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Veridiana Mota Moreira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, State University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Lucas Eduardo Cardoso
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | | | - Audrei Pavanelo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Claudinéia Conationi da Silva Franco
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Laize Perón Tófolo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Natália Chimirri Peres
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Maiara Vanusa Guedes Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Anna Rebeka Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mello Gomes
- Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of Goiás, Av Esperança, Goiânia/GO, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 550 Av, Pedro Calmon, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isis Hara Trevenzoli
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 550 Av, Pedro Calmon, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - James Andrew Armitage
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, Optometry, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Kesia Palma-Rigo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
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Ku HC, Chan TY, Chung JF, Kao YH, Cheng CF. The ATF3 inducer protects against diet-induced obesity via suppressing adipocyte adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis and browning. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 145:112440. [PMID: 34839254 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether the activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) inducer ST32db, a synthetic compound with a chemical structure similar to that of native Danshen compounds, exerts an anti-obesity effect in 3T3-L1 white preadipocytes, D16 beige cells, and mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The results showed that ST32db inhibited 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation by inhibiting adipogenesis/lipogenesis-related gene (and protein levels) and enhancing lipolysis-related gene (and protein levels) via the activation of β3-adrenoceptor (β3-AR)/PKA/p38, AMPK, and ERK pathways. Furthermore, ST32db inhibited triacylglycerol accumulation in D16 adipocytes by suppressing adipogenesis/lipogenesis-related gene (and protein levels) and upregulating browning gene expression by suppressing the β3-AR/PKA/p38, and AMPK pathways. Intraperitoneally injected ST32db (1 mg kg-1 twice weekly) inhibited body weight gain and reduced the weight of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), epididymal WAT (eWAT), and mesenteric WAT, with no effects on food intake by the obese mice. The adipocyte diameter and area of iWAT and eWAT were decreased in obese mice injected with ST32db compared with those administered only HFD. In addition, ST32db significantly suppressed adipogenesis and activated lipolysis, browning, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and β-oxidation-related pathways by suppressing the p38 pathway in the iWAT of the obese mice. These results indicated that the ATF3 inducer ST32db has therapeutic potential for reducing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Ku
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yun Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Fang Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsi Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
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Aboouf MA, Armbruster J, Thiersch M, Gassmann M, Gödecke A, Gnaiger E, Kristiansen G, Bicker A, Hankeln T, Zhu H, Gorr TA. Myoglobin, expressed in brown adipose tissue of mice, regulates the content and activity of mitochondria and lipid droplets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159026. [PMID: 34384891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The identification of novel physiological regulators that stimulate energy expenditure through brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity in substrate catalysis is of utmost importance to understand and treat metabolic diseases. Myoglobin (MB), known to store or transport oxygen in heart and skeletal muscles, has recently been found to bind fatty acids with physiological constants in its oxygenated form (i.e., MBO2). Here, we investigated the in vivo effect of MB expression on BAT activity. In particular, we studied mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism as essential determinants of energy expenditure in this tissue. We show in a MB-null (MBko) mouse model that MB expression in BAT impacts on the activity of brown adipocytes in a twofold manner: i) by elevating mitochondrial density plus maximal respiration capacity, and through that, by stimulating BAT oxidative metabolism along with the organelles` uncoupled respiration; and ii) by influencing the free fatty acids pool towards a palmitate-enriched composition and shifting the lipid droplet (LD) equilibrium towards higher counts of smaller droplets. These metabolic changes were accompanied by the up-regulated expression of thermogenesis markers UCP1, CIDEA, CIDEC, PGC1-α and PPAR-α in the BAT of MB wildtype (MBwt) mice. Along with the emergence of the "browning" BAT morphology, MBwt mice exhibited a leaner phenotype when compared to MBko littermates at 20 weeks of age. Our data shed novel insights into MB's role in linking oxygen and lipid-based thermogenic metabolism. The findings suggest potential new strategies of targeting the MB pathway to treat metabolic disorders related to diminishing energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Aboouf
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Molecular and Translational Biomedicine PhD Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Julia Armbruster
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Molecular and Translational Biomedicine PhD Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Thiersch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Axel Gödecke
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology (A.G.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Erich Gnaiger
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, D. Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 66/6, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Bicker
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Molecular Genetics and Genome Analysis, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Hankeln
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Molecular Genetics and Genome Analysis, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Thomas A Gorr
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Hoang TH, Yoon Y, Park SA, Lee HY, Peng C, Kim JH, Lee GH, Chae HJ. IBF-R, a botanical extract of Rhus verniciflua controls obesity in which AMPK-SIRT1 axis and ROS regulatory mechanism are involved in mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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The Ameliorative Effects of Saikosaponin in Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Injury and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111383. [PMID: 34768813 PMCID: PMC8583725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disorders are a major health concern. Saikosaponin-d (SSd) is an effective active ingredient extracted from Bupleurum falcatum, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, its hepatoprotective properties and underlying mechanisms are unknown. We investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of SSd treatment for thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury and high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in male C57BL/6 mice. The SSd group showed significantly higher food intake, body weight, and hepatic antioxidative enzymes (catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and lower hepatic cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) compared with controls, as well as reduced expression of inflammation-related genes (nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)) messenger RNA (mRNA). In NAFLD mice, SSd reduced serum ALT, AST, triglycerides, fatty acid–binding protein 4 (FABP4) and sterol regulatory element–binding protein 1 (SREBP1) mRNA, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress-related proteins (phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α subunit (p-eIF2α), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). SSd has a hepatoprotective effect in liver injury by suppressing inflammatory responses and acting as an antioxidant.
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Pei Y, Parks JS, Kang HW. Quercetin alleviates high-fat diet-induced inflammation in brown adipose tissue. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Emery JM, Ortiz RM. Mitofusin 2: A link between mitochondrial function and substrate metabolism? Mitochondrion 2021; 61:125-137. [PMID: 34536562 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic, interactive organelles that connect cellular signaling and whole-cell homeostasis. This "mitochatting" allows the cell to receive information about the mitochondria's condition before accommodating energy demands. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), an outer mitochondrial membrane fusion protein specializes in mediating mitochondrial homeostasis. Early studies defined the biological significance of Mfn2, while latter studies highlighted its role in substrate metabolism. However, determining Mfn2 potential to contribute to energy homeostasis needs study. This review summarizes current literature on mitochondrial metabolic processes, dynamics, and evidence of interactions among Mfn2 and regulatory processes that may link Mfn2's role in maintaining mitochondrial function and substrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna M Emery
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, United States.
| | - Rudy M Ortiz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, United States
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Chang GR, Hou PH, Wang CM, Lin JW, Lin WL, Lin TC, Liao HJ, Chan CH, Wang YC. Imipramine Accelerates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Renal Impairment, Diabetic Retinopathy, Insulin Resistance, and Urinary Chromium Loss in Obese Mice. Vet Sci 2021; 8:189. [PMID: 34564583 PMCID: PMC8473438 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8090189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Imipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant that has been approved for treating depression and anxiety in patients and animals and that has relatively mild side effects. However, the mechanisms of imipramine-associated disruption to metabolism and negative hepatic, renal, and retinal effects are not well defined. In this study, we evaluated C57BL6/J mice subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD) to study imipramine's influences on obesity, fatty liver scores, glucose homeostasis, hepatic damage, distribution of chromium, and retinal/renal impairments. Obese mice receiving imipramine treatment had higher body, epididymal fat pad, and liver weights; higher serum triglyceride, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, renal antioxidant enzyme, and hepatic triglyceride levels; higher daily food efficiency; and higher expression levels of a marker of fatty acid regulation in the liver compared with the controls also fed an HFD. Furthermore, the obese mice that received imipramine treatment exhibited insulin resistance, worse glucose intolerance, decreased glucose transporter 4 expression and Akt phosphorylation levels, and increased chromium loss through urine. In addition, the treatment group exhibited considerably greater liver damage and higher fatty liver scores, paralleling the increases in patatin-like phospholipid domain containing protein 3 and the mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and fatty acid-binding protein 4. Retinal injury worsened in imipramine-treated mice; decreases in retinal cell layer organization and retinal thickness and increases in nuclear factor κB and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels were observed. We conclude that administration of imipramine may result in the exacerbation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, and kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Ruei Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (G.-R.C.); (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Po-Hsun Hou
- Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 4 Section, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 40705, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 2 Section, 155 Linong Street, Beitou District, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (G.-R.C.); (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Jen-Wei Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, 6 Section, 1018 Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 433304, Taiwan; (J.-W.L.); (W.-L.L.)
| | - Wei-Li Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, 6 Section, 1018 Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 433304, Taiwan; (J.-W.L.); (W.-L.L.)
- General Education Center, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifeng Eastern Road, Taichung 413310, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (G.-R.C.); (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Huei-Jyuan Liao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (G.-R.C.); (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Chee-Hong Chan
- Division of Nephrology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, 6 Lugong Road, Lukang Township, Changhua 50544, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Asia University Hospital, 222 Fuxin Road, Wufeng District, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, 500 Lioufeng Road, Wufeng District, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, North District, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, North District, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
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Thyroid Hormone Induces Ca 2+-Mediated Mitochondrial Activation in Brown Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168640. [PMID: 34445344 PMCID: PMC8395422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones, including 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3), cause a wide spectrum of genomic effects on cellular metabolism and bioenergetic regulation in various tissues. The non-genomic actions of T3 have been reported but are not yet completely understood. Acute T3 treatment significantly enhanced basal, maximal, ATP-linked, and proton-leak oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) of primary differentiated mouse brown adipocytes accompanied with increased protein abundances of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU). T3 treatment depolarized the resting mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψm) but augmented oligomycin-induced hyperpolarization in brown adipocytes. Protein kinase B (AKT) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were activated by T3, leading to the inhibition of autophagic degradation. Rapamycin, as an mTOR inhibitor, blocked T3-induced autophagic suppression and UCP1 upregulation. T3 increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in brown adipocytes. Most of the T3 effects, including mTOR activation, UCP1 upregulation, and OCR increase, were abrogated by intracellular Ca2+ chelation with BAPTA-AM. Calmodulin inhibition with W7 or knockdown of MCU dampened T3-induced mitochondrial activation. Furthermore, edelfosine, a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, prevented T3 from acting on [Ca2+]i, UCP1 abundance, Ψm, and OCR. We suggest that short-term exposure of T3 induces UCP1 upregulation and mitochondrial activation due to PLC-mediated [Ca2+]i elevation in brown adipocytes.
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Zhang H, Dong M, Liu X. Obeticholic acid ameliorates obesity and hepatic steatosis by activating brown fat. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:991. [PMID: 34345273 PMCID: PMC8311225 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obeticholic acid (OCA) is exemplified as a potent drug for treating primary biliary cirrhosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting bile acid synthesis. However, it remains unclear whether the effect of OCA is mediated by the function of brown adipose tissue (BAT). In the present study, brown adipogenesis differentiation in vitro and db/db mouse model treated with OCA were used to assess the anti-obesity function by body weight tracking, O2 consumption, food intake, physical activity, glucose tolerance tests. In addition, uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) protein expression in brown adipose tissue was measured by western blotting, morphometry of brown adipose tissue was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Hepatic steatosis was detected by Oil-Red O staining and serological analysis was performed to assess the effect of OCA on hyperlipidemia. OCA treatment enhanced brown adipocyte cell differentiation and upregulated the expression of the BAT-specific gene Ucp1) in C3H10T1/2 cells in vitro. Consistent with these findings, OCA increased whole-body energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis by enhancing BAT activity in vivo, and ultimately decreased body weight gain in db/db mice. In addition, the results demonstrated that spontaneous hepatic steatosis in db/db mice was ameliorated following OCA treatment. In summary, OCA functioned as a BAT activator to help ameliorate obesity and maintain glucose homeostasis in db/db mice. The present results may provide a novel potential therapeutic approach to activate brown fat in patients with obesity and other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Meng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, P.R. China
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Arfuso F, Giannetto C, Panzera MF, Fazio F, Piccione G. Uncoupling Protein-1 (UCP1) in the Adult Horse: Correlations with Body Weight, Rectal Temperature and Lipid Profile. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061836. [PMID: 34202932 PMCID: PMC8235278 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) plays important roles in the energy balance and regulation of metabolism and in the body temperature regulation. In this survey the correlation among UCP1, body weight, rectal temperature and lipid profile was assessed in the adult horse. The findings gathered from the current survey showed that UCP1 values are not related with body weight and temperature in studied animals, but they seem to be linked to pathways involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the possible relationship among UCP1, body weight, rectal temperature and lipid profile in the horse. Thirty clinically healthy Italian Saddle geldings (6–10 years old) were enrolled after the informed owners’ consent. All horses were blood sampled and their body weight and rectal temperatures were recorded. On the sera obtained after blood centrifugation the concentration of UCP1, total lipids, phospholipids, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDLs), low density lipoproteins (LDLs) and very low density lipoprotein fraction (VLDLs) was evaluated. Pearson’s correlation analysis was applied to assess the possible relationship between serum UCP1 concentration and the values of body weight, rectal temperature and lipid parameters. Serum UCP1 concentration showed no correlation with body weight, rectal temperature, HDLs and LDLs values, whereas it correlated negatively with serum total lipids, phospholipids, NEFAs, total cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDLs values (p < 0.0001). The findings suggest that in the adult horse the role of UCP1 is linked to the lipid metabolism rather than to thermoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Arfuso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (C.G.); (F.F.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(090)-6766726
| | - Claudia Giannetto
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (C.G.); (F.F.); (G.P.)
| | - Maria Francesca Panzera
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (C.G.); (F.F.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (C.G.); (F.F.); (G.P.)
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Zou Q, Si J, Guo Y, Yu J, Shi H. Association between serum visfatin levels and psoriasis and their correlation with disease severity: a meta-analysis. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211002381. [PMID: 33771065 PMCID: PMC8168054 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211002381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the association between serum visfatin levels and psoriasis and to evaluate the correlation between serum visfatin levels and the severity of psoriasis. Methods The electronic databases PubMed®, Embase® and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles published from inception to 1 May 2020. Data were extracted and then standard mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for pooled estimates. Results A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included (448 patients diagnosed with psoriasis and 377 controls). This meta-analysis demonstrated that patients with psoriasis had significantly higher levels of visfatin than the controls (SMD = 0.90, 95% CI 0.52, 1.28). Subgroup analyses showed that differences in serum visfatin levels between the patient group and the control group were associated with ethnicity, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and body mass index. Additionally, a meta-analysis of correlations showed that visfatin levels in patients with psoriasis were positively correlated with PASI (r = 0.51, 95% CI 0.14, 0.75). Conclusions This meta-analysis showed that serum visfatin levels in patients with psoriasis were significantly higher than those in the controls and a positive correlation between serum visfatin levels and psoriasis severity was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Jiawei Si
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Yatao Guo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Jiayu Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Huijuan Shi
- Department of Dermatovenereology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
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Liu M, Xia Y, Cho K, Cai T. Integrative High Dimensional Multiple Testing with Heterogeneity under Data Sharing Constraints. JOURNAL OF MACHINE LEARNING RESEARCH : JMLR 2021; 22:126. [PMID: 37426040 PMCID: PMC10327421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Identifying informative predictors in a high dimensional regression model is a critical step for association analysis and predictive modeling. Signal detection in the high dimensional setting often fails due to the limited sample size. One approach to improving power is through meta-analyzing multiple studies which address the same scientific question. However, integrative analysis of high dimensional data from multiple studies is challenging in the presence of between-study heterogeneity. The challenge is even more pronounced with additional data sharing constraints under which only summary data can be shared across different sites. In this paper, we propose a novel data shielding integrative large-scale testing (DSILT) approach to signal detection allowing between-study heterogeneity and not requiring the sharing of individual level data. Assuming the underlying high dimensional regression models of the data differ across studies yet share similar support, the proposed method incorporates proper integrative estimation and debiasing procedures to construct test statistics for the overall effects of specific covariates. We also develop a multiple testing procedure to identify significant effects while controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) and false discovery proportion (FDP). Theoretical comparisons of the new testing procedure with the ideal individual-level meta-analysis (ILMA) approach and other distributed inference methods are investigated. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed testing procedure performs well in both controlling false discovery and attaining power. The new method is applied to a real example detecting interaction effects of the genetic variants for statins and obesity on the risk for type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molei Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA
| | - Yin Xia
- Department of Statistics, School of Management, Fudan University, China
| | - Kelly Cho
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, US Department of Veteran Affairs, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Tianxi Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA
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Choi EY, Park CY, Ho SH, Park SJ, Kim D, Han B, Kim SH. Anti-Obesity Effects of Artemisia annua Extract in Zucker Fatty Rats and High-Fat Diet Sprague Dawley Rats through Upregulation of Uncoupling Protein 1. J Obes Metab Syndr 2021; 30:32-43. [PMID: 33479187 PMCID: PMC8017327 DOI: 10.7570/jomes20097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a widespread disease and is caused mainly by excessive adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation. Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) are major components for regulating adipocyte differentiation. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a transmembrane protein that can convert white fat to brown adipose tissue. Artemisia annua L. has long been used in East Asia as an herbal drug for anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-obesity purposes. Methods We investigated the effects of water extracts of A. annua (WEAA) in C3H10T1/2, a mesenchymal stem cell line, by measuring the level of intracellular fat accumulation and the expression of genes associated with adipocyte differentiation. We also evaluated anti-obesity effects of WEAA in Zucker rats, a genetic model for the study of obesity, and in Sprague Dawley rats with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Results In this study, WEAA reduced the expression levels of PPARγ and C/EBPα in C3H10T1/2 cells, as well as the expression of enzymes that regulate fatty acid metabolism. In the Zucker fatty rat model and the HFD-induced obesity rat model, WEAA significantly decreased adipogenic differentiation and white fat accumulation between the scapulae, in contrast to the brown fat that remained unchanged between the groups. A. annua suppressed the expression of the adipocyte differentiation-promoting genes, while increasing the expression of UCP1. Conclusion These results indicated that WEAA could reduce adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation in in vitro and in vivo model systems, resulting in suppression of obesity and the occurrence of fatty liver due to a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoungduck Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Makwana K, Chodavarapu H, Morones N, Chi J, Barr W, Novinbakht E, Wang Y, Nguyen PT, Jovanovic P, Cohen P, Riera CE. Sensory neurons expressing calcitonin gene-related peptide α regulate adaptive thermogenesis and diet-induced obesity. Mol Metab 2021; 45:101161. [PMID: 33412345 PMCID: PMC7820934 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Heat-sensory neurons from the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) play a pivotal role in detecting the cutaneous temperature and transmission of external signals to the brain, ensuring the maintenance of thermoregulation. However, whether these thermoreceptor neurons contribute to adaptive thermogenesis remains elusive. It is also unknown whether these neurons play a role in obesity and energy metabolism. Methods We used genetic ablation of heat-sensing neurons expressing calcitonin gene-related peptide α (CGRPα) to assess whole-body energy expenditure, weight gain, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity in normal chow and high-fat diet-fed mice. Exvivo lipolysis and transcriptional characterization were combined with adipose tissue-clearing methods to visualize and probe the role of sensory nerves in adipose tissue. Adaptive thermogenesis was explored using infrared imaging of intrascapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT), tail, and core temperature upon various stimuli including diet, external temperature, and the cooling agent icilin. Results In this report, we show that genetic ablation of heat-sensing CGRPα neurons promotes resistance to weight gain upon high-fat diet (HFD) feeding and increases energy expenditure in mice. Mechanistically, we found that loss of CGRPα-expressing sensory neurons was associated with reduced lipid deposition in adipose tissue, enhanced expression of fatty acid oxidation genes, higher exvivo lipolysis in primary white adipocytes, and increased mitochondrial respiration from iBAT. Remarkably, mice lacking CGRPα sensory neurons manifested increased tail cutaneous vasoconstriction at room temperature. This exacerbated cold perception was not associated with reduced core temperature, suggesting that heat production and heat conservation mechanisms were engaged. Specific denervation of CGRPα neurons in intrascapular BAT did not contribute to the increased metabolic rate observed upon global sensory denervation. Conclusions Taken together, these findings highlight an important role of cutaneous thermoreceptors in regulating energy metabolism by triggering counter-regulatory responses involving energy dissipation processes including lipid fuel utilization and cutaneous vasodilation. Removal of sensory spinal neurons expressing CGRPα mitigates diet-induced obesity. CGRPα afferents antagonize adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. Loss of CGRPα afferents leads to enhanced cold perception and vasoconstriction. Specific adipose denervation of CGRPα afferents does not modulate energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Makwana
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Board of Governors of the Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harshita Chodavarapu
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Board of Governors of the Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nancy Morones
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Board of Governors of the Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jingyi Chi
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - William Barr
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward Novinbakht
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Board of Governors of the Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yidan Wang
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Board of Governors of the Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Tuan Nguyen
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Board of Governors of the Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Predrag Jovanovic
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Board of Governors of the Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Celine E Riera
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Board of Governors of the Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Thermogenic adipocytes: lineage, function and therapeutic potential. Biochem J 2020; 477:2071-2093. [PMID: 32539124 PMCID: PMC7293110 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic inflexibility, defined as the inability to respond or adapt to metabolic demand, is now recognised as a driving factor behind many pathologies associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Adipose tissue plays a pivotal role in the ability of an organism to sense, adapt to and counteract environmental changes. It provides a buffer in times of nutrient excess, a fuel reserve during starvation and the ability to resist cold-stress through non-shivering thermogenesis. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing combined with lineage tracing, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses have identified novel adipocyte progenitors that give rise to specialised adipocytes with diverse functions, some of which have the potential to be exploited therapeutically. This review will highlight the common and distinct functions of well-known adipocyte populations with respect to their lineage and plasticity, as well as introducing the most recent members of the adipocyte family and their roles in whole organism energy homeostasis. Finally, this article will outline some of the more preliminary findings from large data sets generated by single-cell transcriptomics of mouse and human adipose tissue and their implications for the field, both for discovery and for therapy.
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Wen JJ, Cummins CB, Williams TP, Radhakrishnan RS. The Genetic Evidence of Burn-Induced Cardiac Mitochondrial Metabolism Dysfunction. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120566. [PMID: 33287280 PMCID: PMC7761708 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn-induced cardiac dysfunction is thought to involve mitochondrial dysfunction, although the mechanisms responsible are unclear. In this study, we used our established model of in vivo burn injury to understand the genetic evidence of burn-induced mitochondrial confusion dysfunction by describing cardiac mitochondrial metabolism-related gene expression after burn. Cardiac tissue was collected at 24 hours after burn injury. An O2K respirometer system was utilized to measure the cardiac mitochondrial function. Oxidative phosphorylation complex activities were determined using enzyme activity assays. RT Profiler PCR array was used to identify the differential regulation of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism. The quantitative qPCR and Western blotting were applied to validate the differentially expressed genes. Burn-induced cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction was supported by the finding of decreased state 3 respiration, decreased mitochondrial electron transport chain activity in complex I, III, IV, and V, and decreased mitochondrial DNA-encoded gene expression as well as decreased levels of the corresponding proteins after burn injury. Eighty-four mitochondrial metabolism-related gene profiles were measured. The mitochondrial gene profile showed that 29 genes related to mitochondrial energy and metabolism was differentially expressed. Of these 29 genes, 16 were more than 2-fold upregulated and 13 were more than 2-fold downregulated. All genes were validated using qPCR and partial genes were correlated with their protein levels. This study provides preliminary evidence that a large percentage of mitochondrial metabolism-related genes in cardiomyocytes were significantly affected by burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake J. Wen
- Correspondence: (J.J.W.); (R.S.R.); Tel.: +1-409-772-5666 (J.J.W. & R.S.R.)
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Pei Y, Otieno D, Gu I, Lee SO, Parks JS, Schimmel K, Kang HW. Effect of quercetin on nonshivering thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 88:108532. [PMID: 33130188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Activating nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a promising strategy to prevent obesity. This study investigated whether quercetin supplementation improves obesity in mice by increasing nonshivering thermogenesis in BAT and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning. Compared to high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, mice fed a HFD supplemented with 1% quercetin (HFDQ) had reduced body weight and total plasma cholesterol. In HFDQ-fed mice, retroperitoneal WAT (RWAT) weight was decreased, and browning effect and lipolysis were increased. HFDQ-fed mice had increased expression of nonshivering thermogenesis genes in BAT, including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC1α), cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A (CIDEA), and mitochondrial transcriptional factor A (mtTFA). Quercetin supplementation increased genes and proteins in β3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways in HFD-fed mice, which were suppressed by an AMPK inhibitor or an ADRB3 antagonist. Energy expenditure and core body temperature were not changed by quercetin, but physical activity was increased in HFDQ mice during dark periods at room and cold temperatures. Quercetin also decreased the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and increased short-chain fatty acid production in the feces of HFD-fed mice. In summary, quercetin supplementation in HFD-fed mice may attenuate obesity. Although the study did not show consistency in data at molecular and pathophysiological levels between BAT function and obesity, it also shows promising health effects of quercetin, accompanied by improved physical activity and gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Pei
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dammah Otieno
- Applied Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Inah Gu
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sun-Ok Lee
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - John S Parks
- Department of Internal Medicine-Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keith Schimmel
- Applied Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hye Won Kang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
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Sandeman LY, Kang WX, Wang X, Jensen KB, Wong D, Bo T, Gao L, Zhao J, Byrne CD, Page AJ, Proud CG. Disabling MNK protein kinases promotes oxidative metabolism and protects against diet-induced obesity. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101054. [PMID: 32712434 PMCID: PMC7476876 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Diet-driven obesity is increasingly widespread. Its consequences pose major challenges to human health and health care systems. There are MAP kinase-interacting kinases (MNKs) in mice, MNK1 and MNK2. Studies have demonstrated that mice lacking either MNK1 or MNK2 were partially protected against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced weight gain and insulin resistance. The aims of this study were to evaluate the phenotype of mice lacking both MNKs when given an HFD, to assess whether pharmacological inhibition of MNK function also protects against diet-induced obesity (DIO) and its consequences and to probe the mechanisms underlying such protection. Methods Male wild-type (WT) C57Bl6 mice or mice lacking both MNK1 and MNK2 (double knockout, DKO) were fed an HFD or control diet (CD) for up to 16 weeks. In a separate study, WT mice were also given an HFD for 6 weeks, after which half were treated with the recently-developed MNK inhibitor ETC-206 daily for 10 more weeks while continuing an HFD. Metabolites and other parameters were measured, and the expression of selected mRNAs and proteins was assessed. Results MNK-DKO mice were almost completely protected from HFD-induced obesity. Higher energy expenditure (EE) in MNK-DKO mice was observed, which probably reflects the changes in a number of genes or proteins linked to lipolysis, mitochondrial function/biogenesis, oxidative metabolism, and/or ATP consumption. The MNK inhibitor ETC-206 also prevented HFD-induced weight gain, confirming that the activity of the MNKs facilitates weight gain due to excessive caloric consumption. Conclusions Disabling MNKs in mice, either genetically or pharmacologically, strongly prevents weight gain on a calorie-rich diet. This finding likely results from increased energy utilisation, involving greater ATP consumption, mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, and other processes. Knockout of MNK1/MNK2 protects mice against diet-induced obesity. MNK1/2 DKO mice have higher energy expenditure. MNK1/2 DKO increases the expression of genes of lipid and mitochondrial metabolism. Pharmacological inhibition of MNKs has similar effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Y Sandeman
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Wan Xian Kang
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Kirk B Jensen
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Derick Wong
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Tao Bo
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; Shandong-South Australia Joint Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Shandong-South Australia Joint Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Shandong-South Australia Joint Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, Hampshire, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Amanda J Page
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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Boucher JM, Ryzhova L, Harrington A, Davis-Knowlton J, Turner JE, Cooper E, Maridas D, Ryzhov S, Rosen CJ, Vary CPH, Liaw L. Pathological Conversion of Mouse Perivascular Adipose Tissue by Notch Activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2227-2243. [PMID: 32640901 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounding arteries supports healthy vascular function. During obesity, PVAT loses its vasoprotective effect. We study pathological conversion of PVAT, which involves molecular changes in protein profiles and functional changes in adipocytes. Approach and Results: C57BL6/J mice were fed a 60% high-fat diet for 12 weeks or a cardioprotective 30% calorie-restricted diet for 5 weeks. Proteomic analysis identified PVAT as a molecularly distinct adipose depot, and novel markers for thermogenic adipocytes, such as GRP75 (stress-70 protein, mitochondrial), were identified. High-fat diet increased the similarity of protein signatures in PVAT and brown adipose, suggesting activation of a conserved whitening pathway. The whitening phenotype was characterized by suppression of UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1) and increased lipid deposition, leptin, and inflammation, and specifically in PVAT, elevated Notch signaling. Conversely, PVAT from calorie-restricted mice had decreased Notch signaling and less lipid. Using the Adipoq-Cre strain, we constitutively activated Notch1 signaling in adipocytes, which phenocopied the changes in PVAT caused by a high-fat diet, even on a standard diet. Preadipocytes from mouse PVAT expressed Sca1, CD140a, Notch1, and Notch2, but not CD105, showing differences compared with preadipocytes from other depots. Inhibition of Notch signaling during differentiation of PVAT-derived preadipocytes reduced lipid deposition and adipocyte marker expression. CONCLUSIONS PVAT shares features with other adipose depots, but has a unique protein signature that is regulated by dietary stress. Increased Notch signaling in PVAT is sufficient to initiate the pathological conversion of PVAT by promoting adipogenesis and lipid accumulation and may thus prime the microenvironment for vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Boucher
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough
| | - Larisa Ryzhova
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough
| | - Anne Harrington
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough
| | - Jessica Davis-Knowlton
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough
| | - Jacqueline E Turner
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough
| | - Emily Cooper
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough
| | - David Maridas
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough
| | - Sergey Ryzhov
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough
| | - Calvin P H Vary
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough
| | - Lucy Liaw
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough
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Pravednikova AE, Shevchenko SY, Kerchev VV, Skhirtladze MR, Larina SN, Kachaev ZM, Egorov AD, Shidlovskii YV. Association of uncoupling protein (Ucp) gene polymorphisms with cardiometabolic diseases. Mol Med 2020; 26:51. [PMID: 32450815 PMCID: PMC7249395 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The hereditary aspect of obesity is a major focus of modern medical genetics. The genetic background is known to determine a higher-than-average prevalence of obesity in certain regions, like Oceania. There is evidence that dysfunction of brown adipose tissue (BAT) may be a risk factor for obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). A significant number of studies in the field focus on the UCP family. The Ucp genes code for electron transport carriers. UCP1 (thermogenin) is the most abundant protein of the UCP superfamily and is expressed in BAT, contributing to its capability of generating heat. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Ucp1-Ucp3 were recently associated with risk of cardiometabolic diseases. This review covers the main Ucp SNPs A-3826G, A-1766G, A-112C, Met229Leu, Ala64Thr (Ucp1), Ala55Val, G-866A (Ucp2), and C-55 T (Ucp3), which may be associated with the development of obesity, disturbance in lipid metabolism, T2D, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Pravednikova
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Y. Shevchenko
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor V. Kerchev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Manana R. Skhirtladze
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana N. Larina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zaur M. Kachaev
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander D. Egorov
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulii V. Shidlovskii
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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