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Tian R, Tang S, Zhao J, Hao Y, Zhao L, Han X, Wang X, Zhang L, Li R, Zhou X. β-Hydroxybutyrate Protects Against Cisplatin-Induced Renal Damage via Regulating Ferroptosis. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2354918. [PMID: 38757723 PMCID: PMC11104694 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2354918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a particularly potent antineoplastic drug. However, its usefulness is restricted due to the induction of nephrotoxicity. More recent research has indicated that β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) protects against acute or chronic organ damage as an efficient healing agent. Nonetheless, the therapeutic mechanisms of β-HB in acute kidney damage caused by chemotherapeutic drugs remain unclear. Our study developed a model of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), which involved the administration of a ketogenic diet or β-HB. We analyzed blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels in serum, and used western blotting and immunohistochemical staining to assess ferroptosis and the calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 (Camkk2)/AMPK pathway. The mitochondrial morphology and function were examined. Additionally, we conducted in vivo and in vitro experiments using selective Camkk2 inhibitor or activator to investigate the protective mechanism of β-HB on cisplatin-induced AKI. Exogenous or endogenous β-HB effectively alleviated cisplatin-induced abnormally elevated levels of BUN and Cr and renal tubular necrosis in vivo. Additionally, β-HB reduced ferroptosis biomarkers and increased the levels of anti-ferroptosis biomarkers in the kidney. β-HB also improved mitochondrial morphology and function. Moreover, β-HB significantly attenuated cisplatin-induced cell ferroptosis and damage in vitro. Furthermore, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining indicated that β-HB may prevent kidney injury by regulating the Camkk2-AMPK pathway. The use of the Camkk2 inhibitor or activator verified the involvement of Camkk2 in the renal protection by β-HB. This study provided evidence of the protective effects of β-HB against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and identified inhibited ferroptosis and Camkk2 as potential molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Tian
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital; The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuqin Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital; The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yajie Hao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital; The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Limei Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital; The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiutao Han
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xingru Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital; The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital; The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital; The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University; Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital; The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University; Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China
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2
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Zeng X, Hu Y, Qiao S, Cao X, Dai Y, Wu F, Wei Z. ADORA3 activation promotes goblet cell differentiation via enhancing HMGCS2-mediated ketogenesis in ulcerative colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 140:112729. [PMID: 39098229 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
ADORA3 is mainly expressed in intestinal tract, and has the potential to promote the expression of mucin 2 (MUC2), the function-related factor of goblet cells, under asthma conditions. This study aims to confirm the induction and mechanisms of ADORA3 activation on goblet cells in ulcerative colitis (UC). A significant decrease in ADORA3 expression was found in mucosal biopsies from UC patients and in the colons of colitis mice. This reduction correlated negatively with disease severity and positively with goblet cell number. ADORA3 activation mitigated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and facilitated ATOH1-mediated goblet cell differentiation in both in vivo and in vitro. Metabolomics analysis unveiled that ADORA3 activation bolstered ketogenesis, leading to elevated levels of the metabolite BHB. Subsequently, BHB heightened the activity of HDAC1/2, augmenting histone acetylation at the H3K9ac site within the promoter region of the ATOH1 gene. Furthermore, the reason for ADORA3 activation to enhance ketogenesis was attributed to controlling the competitive binding among β-arrestin2, SHP1 and PPARγ. This results in the non-ligand-dependent activation of PPARγ, thereby promoting the transcription of HMGCS2. The exact mechanisms by which ADORA3 promoted goblet cell differentiation and alleviated UC were elucidated using MRS1191 and shHMGCS2 plasmid. Collectively, ADORA3 activation promoted goblet cell differentiation and alleviated UC by enhancing ketogenesis via the "BHB-HDAC1/2-H3K9ac" pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuxiao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Simiao Qiao
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Xiaoying Cao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feihua Wu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zhifeng Wei
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Noble RMN, Soni S, Liu SN, Rachid JJ, Mast HE, Wiedemeyer A, Holody CD, Mah R, Woodman AG, Ferdaoussi M, Lemieux H, Dyck JRB, Bourque SL. Maternal ketone supplementation throughout gestation improves neonatal cardiac dysfunction caused by perinatal iron deficiency. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:1249-1264. [PMID: 39288030 DOI: 10.1042/cs20241386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) is common during gestation and in early infancy and has been shown to adversely affect cardiac development and function, which could lead to lasting cardiovascular consequences. Ketone supplementation has been shown to confer cardioprotective effects in numerous disease models. Here, we tested the hypothesis that maternal ketone supplementation during gestation would mitigate cardiac dysfunction in ID neonates. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an iron-restricted or iron-replete diet before and throughout pregnancy. Throughout gestation, iron-restricted dams were given either a daily subcutaneous injection of ketone solution (containing β-hydroxybutyrate [βOHB]) or saline (vehicle). Neonatal offspring cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography at postnatal days (PD)3 and 13. Hearts and livers were collected post-mortem for assessments of mitochondrial function and gene expression profiles of markers oxidative stress and inflammation. Maternal iron restriction caused neonatal anemia and asymmetric growth restriction at all time points assessed, and maternal βOHB treatment had no effect on these outcomes. Echocardiography revealed reduced ejection fraction despite enlarged hearts (relative to body weight) in ID offspring, resulting in impaired oxygen delivery, which was attenuated by maternal βOHB supplementation. Further, maternal ketone supplementation affected biochemical markers of mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and inflammation in hearts of neonates, implicating these pathways in the protective effects conferred by βOHB. In summary, βOHB supplementation confers protection against cardiac dysfunction in ID neonates and could have implications for the treatment of anemic babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan M N Noble
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shubham Soni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Si Ning Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jad-Julian Rachid
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heather E Mast
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alyssa Wiedemeyer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Claudia D Holody
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Mah
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew G Woodman
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mourad Ferdaoussi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Helene Lemieux
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jason R B Dyck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephane L Bourque
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Zhou X, Tao Y, Shi Y. Unraveling the NLRP family: Structure, function, activation, critical influence on tumor progression, and potential as targets for cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2024; 605:217283. [PMID: 39366544 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
The innate immune system serves as the body's initial defense, swiftly detecting danger via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Among these, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing proteins (NLRPs) are pivotal in recognizing pathogen-associated and damage-associated molecular patterns, thereby triggering immune responses. NLRPs, the most extensively studied subset within the NLR family, form inflammasomes that regulate inflammation, essential for innate immunity activation. Recent research highlights NLRPs' significant impact on various human diseases, including cancer. With differential expression across organs, NLRPs influence cancer progression by modulating immune reactions, cell fate, and proliferation. Their clinical significance in cancer makes them promising therapeutic targets. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structure, function, activation mechanism of the NLRPs family and its potential role in cancer progression. In addition, we particularly focused on the concept of NLRP as a therapeutic target and its potential value in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China; Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China; Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
| | - Ying Shi
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China; Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
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5
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Shay JES, Yilmaz ÖH. Dietary and metabolic effects on intestinal stem cells in health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:10.1038/s41575-024-00980-7. [PMID: 39358589 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00980-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Diet and nutritional metabolites exhibit wide-ranging effects on health and disease partly by altering tissue composition and function. With rapidly rising rates of obesity, there is particular interest in how obesogenic diets influence tissue homeostasis and risk of tumorigenesis; epidemiologically, these diets have a positive correlation with various cancers, including colorectal cancer. The gastrointestinal tract is a highly specialized, continuously renewing tissue with a fundamental role in nutrient uptake and is, in turn, influenced by diet composition and host metabolic state. Intestinal stem cells are found at the base of the intestinal crypt and can generate all mature lineages that comprise the intestinal epithelium and are uniquely influenced by host diet, metabolic by-products and energy dynamics. Similarly, tumour growth and metabolism can also be shaped by nutrient availability and host diet. In this Review, we discuss how different diets and metabolic changes influence intestinal stem cells in homeostatic and pathological conditions, as well as tumorigenesis. We also discuss how dietary changes and composition affect the intestinal epithelium and its surrounding microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E S Shay
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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6
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Hu H, Wang S, Chen C. Pathophysiological role and potential drug target of NLRP3 inflammasome in the metabolic disorders. Cell Signal 2024; 122:111320. [PMID: 39067838 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
NLRP3 plays a role in the development of autoinflammatory diseases. NLRP3, ASC, and Caspases 1 or 8 make up the NLRP3 inflammasome, which is an important part of innate immune system. The NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory cytokines may also participate in metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and gout. Hence, an overview of the NLRP3 regulation in these metabolic diseases and the potential drugs targeting NLRP3 is the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Hu
- School of pharmacy, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation, Health Commission of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuwen Wang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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7
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Bode D, Pronto JRD, Schiattarella GG, Voigt N. Metabolic remodelling in atrial fibrillation: manifestations, mechanisms and clinical implications. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:682-700. [PMID: 38816507 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a continually growing health-care burden that often presents together with metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus and obesity. Current treatments often fall short of preventing AF and its adverse outcomes. Accumulating evidence suggests that metabolic disturbances can promote the development of AF through structural and electrophysiological remodelling, but the underlying mechanisms that predispose an individual to AF are aetiology-dependent, thus emphasizing the need for tailored therapeutic strategies to treat AF that target an individual's metabolic profile. AF itself can induce changes in glucose, lipid and ketone metabolism, mitochondrial function and myofibrillar energetics (as part of a process referred to as 'metabolic remodelling'), which can all contribute to atrial dysfunction. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of AF in the setting of metabolic disorders, as well as changes in atrial metabolism that are relevant to the development of AF. We also describe the potential of available and emerging treatment strategies to target metabolic remodelling in the setting of AF and highlight key questions and challenges that need to be addressed to improve outcomes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bode
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julius Ryan D Pronto
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Niels Voigt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Perlman J, Wetmore E, Lehner-Gulotta D, Banwell B, Bergqvist AGC, Coleman R, Chen S, Conaway M, Goldman MD, Morse AM, Brenton JN. Impact of a ketogenic diet on sleep quality in people with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Sleep Med 2024; 122:213-220. [PMID: 39208520 PMCID: PMC11393576 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbance in MS is common and can significantly impair overall quality of life. The ketogenic diet (KD) associates with improved sleep quality in people living with epilepsy and may have similar benefits when used within MS; however, the impact of a KD on sleep in this population remains poorly defined. METHODS Forty-five patients with relapsing MS enrolled into a 6-month KD intervention trial and completed self-reported assessments of sleep quality and sleep disorder symptoms prior to diet initiation and while on diet, using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Sleep Disorders Symptom Checklist-25 (SDS). Participants who did not complete sleep assessments at baseline and 6-months were excluded from analysis. In addition to sleep metrics, data collection included anthropometrics and MS-related fatigue scores. RESULTS Thirty-nine of 45 (87 %) participants completed the required sleep assessments. There was a mean reduction in ESS score of 1.90 (95 % CI [-2.85, -0.94], p < 0.001). Total SDS score decreased at 6-months on KD (-4.4, 95 % CI [-7.1, -1.7], p = 0.002), with improvements noted in insomnia (-1.55, 95 % CI [-2.66, -0.43], p = 0.008), obstructive sleep apnea (-0.91, 95 % CI [-1.57, -0.25], p = 0.008), and restless leg syndrome screening scores (-1.00, 95 % CI [-1.95, -0.051], p = 0.04). Sleep duration was unchanged on KD. CONCLUSION KD associates with improvements in daytime sleepiness, independent of sleep duration, and common comorbid sleep disorders in people living with relapsing MS. The findings herein support the benefits of KD on sleep quality and highlight the potential role of dietary therapeutics for sleep disorders in neurological disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION Registered on Clinicaltrials.gov under registration number NCT03718247, posted on Oct 24, 2018. First patient enrollment date: Nov 1, 2018. Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03718247?term=NCT03718247&draw=2&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Perlman
- Dept of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA
| | - Emma Wetmore
- Dept of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA; School of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC, USA
| | - Diana Lehner-Gulotta
- Division of Child Neurology, Dept. of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brenda Banwell
- Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Dept. of Neurology and Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A G Christina Bergqvist
- Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Dept. of Neurology and Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachael Coleman
- Dept of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Dept of Public Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA
| | - Mark Conaway
- Dept of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA
| | - Myla D Goldman
- Dept of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Anne Marie Morse
- Division of Child Neurology and Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center/Janet Weis Children's Hospital, Danville, PA, USA
| | - J Nicholas Brenton
- Division of Child Neurology, Dept. of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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9
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Li LR, Chen L, Sun ZJ. Igniting hope: Harnessing NLRP3 inflammasome-GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis for cancer immunotherapy. Life Sci 2024; 354:122951. [PMID: 39127315 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
In the contemporary landscape of oncology, immunotherapy, represented by immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, stands out as a beacon of innovation in cancer treatment. Despite its promise, the therapy's progression is hindered by suboptimal clinical response rates. Addressing this challenge, the modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome-GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis pathway holds promise as a means to augment the efficacy of immunotherapy. In the pathway, the NLRP3 inflammasome serves as a pivotal molecular sensor that responds to inflammatory stimuli within the organism. Its activation leads to the release of cytokines interleukin 1β and interleukin 18 through the cleavage of GSDMD, thereby forming membrane pores and potentially resulting in pyroptosis. This cascade of processes exerts a profound impact on tumor development and progression, with its function and expression exhibiting variability across different tumor types and developmental stages. Consequently, understanding the specific roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in diverse tumors is imperative for comprehending tumorigenesis and crafting precise therapeutic strategies. This review aims to elucidate the structure and activation mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome, as well as the induction mechanisms of GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive overview of the involvement of this pathway in various cancer types and its applications in tumor immunotherapy, nanotherapy, and other fields. Emphasis is placed on the feasibility of leveraging this approach to enhance ICB therapy within the field of immunotherapy. Furthermore, we discuss the potential applications of this pathway in other immunotherapy methods, such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy and tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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10
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Jiang YC, Lai K, Muirhead RP, Chung LH, Huang Y, James E, Liu XT, Wu J, Atkinson FS, Yan S, Fogelholm M, Raben A, Don AS, Sun J, Brand-Miller JC, Qi Y. Deep serum lipidomics identifies evaluative and predictive biomarkers for individualized glycemic responses following low-energy diet-induced weight loss: a PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle Intervention and population studies in Europe and around the World (PREVIEW) substudy. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 120:864-878. [PMID: 39182617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight loss through lifestyle interventions, notably low-energy diets, offers glycemic benefits in populations with overweight-associated prediabetes. However, >50% of these individuals fail to achieve normoglycemia after weight loss. Circulating lipids hold potential for evaluating dietary impacts and predicting diabetes risk. OBJECTIVES This study sought to identify serum lipids that could serve as evaluative or predictive biomarkers for individual glycemic changes following diet-induced weight loss. METHODS We studied 104 participants with overweight-associated prediabetes, who lost ≥8% weight via a low-energy diet over 8 wk. High-coverage lipidomics was conducted in serum samples before and after the dietary intervention. The lipidomic recalibration was assessed using differential lipid abundance comparisons and partial least squares discriminant analyses. Associations between lipid changes and clinical characteristics were determined by Spearman correlation and Bootstrap Forest of ensemble machine learning model. Baseline lipids, predictive of glycemic parameters changes postweight loss, were assessed using Bootstrap Forest analyses. RESULTS We quantified 439 serum lipid species and 9 related organic acids. Dietary intervention significantly reduced diacylglycerols, ceramides, lysophospholipids, and ether-linked phosphatidylethanolamine. In contrast, acylcarnitines, short-chain fatty acids, organic acids, and ether-linked phosphatidylcholine increased significantly. Changes in certain lipid species (e.g., saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid-containing glycerolipids, sphingadienine-based very long-chain sphingolipids, and organic acids) were closely associated with clinical glycemic parameters. Six baseline bioactive sphingolipids primarily predicted changes in fasting plasma glucose. In addition, a number of baseline lipid species, mainly diacylglycerols and triglycerides, were predictive of clinical changes in hemoglobin A1c, insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Newly discovered serum lipidomic alterations and the associated changes in lipid-clinical variables suggest broad metabolic reprogramming related to diet-mediated glycemic control. Novel lipid predictors of glycemic outcomes could facilitate early stratification of individuals with prediabetes who are metabolically less responsive to weight loss, enabling more tailored intervention strategies beyond 1-size-fits-all lifestyle modification advice. The PREVIEW lifestyle intervention study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01777893 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01777893).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Celia Jiang
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kaitao Lai
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roslyn Patricia Muirhead
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Long Hoa Chung
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yu Huang
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizaveta James
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xin Tracy Liu
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julian Wu
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Barker College, Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona S Atkinson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shuang Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Diseases, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anthony Simon Don
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jing Sun
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Leeds Parade, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Institute for Integrated Intelligence and Systems, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jennie Cecile Brand-Miller
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Yanfei Qi
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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11
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Shahpasand S, Khatami SH, Ehtiati S, Alehossein P, Salmani F, Toutounchi AH, Zarei T, Shahmohammadi MR, Khodarahmi R, Aghamollaii V, Tafakhori A, Karima S. Therapeutic potential of the ketogenic diet: A metabolic switch with implications for neurological disorders, the gut-brain axis, and cardiovascular diseases. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 132:109693. [PMID: 38880191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The Ketogenic Diet (KD) is a dietary regimen that is low in carbohydrates, high in fats, and contains adequate protein. It is designed to mimic the metabolic state of fasting. This diet triggers the production of ketone bodies through a process known as ketosis. The primary objective of KD is to induce and sustain ketosis, which has been associated with numerous health benefits. Recent research has uncovered promising therapeutic potential for KD in the treatment of various diseases. This includes evidence of its effectiveness as a dietary strategy for managing intractable epilepsy, a form of epilepsy that is resistant to medication. We are currently assessing the efficacy and safety of KD through laboratory and clinical studies. This review focuses on the anti-inflammatory properties of the KD and its potential benefits for neurological disorders and the gut-brain axis. We also explore the existing literature on the potential effects of KD on cardiac health. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge in these areas. Given the encouraging preliminary evidence of its therapeutic effects and the growing understanding of its mechanisms of action, randomized controlled trials are warranted to further explore the rationale behind the clinical use of KD. These trials will ultimately enhance our understanding of how KD functions and its potential benefits for various health conditions. We hope that our research will contribute to the body of knowledge in this field and provide valuable insights for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyda Shahpasand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Ehtiati
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parsa Alehossein
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Salmani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Haghbin Toutounchi
- Department of general surgery,Imam Hosein medical and educational center, Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebe Zarei
- Clinical Trial Department, Behbalin Co., Ltd., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shahmohammadi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Vajiheh Aghamollaii
- Neurology Department, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Tafakhori
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Karima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Taranto D, Kloosterman DJ, Akkari L. Macrophages and T cells in metabolic disorder-associated cancers. Nat Rev Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41568-024-00743-1. [PMID: 39354070 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancer and metabolic disorders have emerged as major global health challenges, reaching epidemic levels in recent decades. Often viewed as separate issues, metabolic disorders are shown by mounting evidence to heighten cancer risk and incidence. The intricacies underlying this connection are still being unraveled and encompass a complex interplay between metabolites, cancer cells and immune cells within the tumour microenvironment (TME). Here, we outline the interplay between metabolic and immune cell dysfunction in the context of three highly prevalent metabolic disorders, namely obesity; two associated liver diseases, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH); and type 2 diabetes. We focus primarily on macrophages and T cells, the critical roles of which in dictating inflammatory response and immune surveillance in metabolic disorder-associated cancers are widely reported. Moreover, considering the ever-increasing number of patients prescribed with metabolism disorder-altering drugs and diets in recent years, we discuss how these therapies modulate systemic and local immune phenotypes, consequently impacting cancer malignancy. Collectively, unraveling the determinants of metabolic disorder-associated immune landscape and their role in fuelling cancer malignancy will provide a framework essential to therapeutically address these highly prevalent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Taranto
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daan J Kloosterman
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leila Akkari
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Yang B, Gu M, Hong C, Zou XY, Zhang JQ, Yuan Y, Qiu CY, Lu MP, Cheng L. Integrated machine learning and bioinformatic analysis of mitochondrial-related signature in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. World Allergy Organ J 2024; 17:100964. [PMID: 39328210 PMCID: PMC11426132 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2024.100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a prevalent inflammatory disorder affecting the upper respiratory tract. Recent studies have indicated an association between CRSwNP and mitochondrial metabolic disorder characterized by impaired metabolic pathways; however, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the mitochondrial-related signature in individuals diagnosed with CRSwNP. Methods Through the integration of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with the mitochondrial gene set, differentially expressed mitochondrial-related genes (DEMRGs) were identified. Subsequently, the hub DEMRGs were selected using 4 integrated machine learning algorithms. Immune and mitochondrial characteristics were estimated based on CIBERSORT and ssGSEA algorithms. Bioinformatic findings were confirmed through RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA for nasal tissues, as well as Western blotting analysis for human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs). The relationship between hub DEMRGs and disease severity was assessed using Spearman correlation analysis. Results A total of 24 DEMRGs were screened, most of which exhibited lower expression levels in CRSwNP samples. Five hub DEMRGs (ALDH1L1, BCKDHB, CBR3, HMGCS2, and OXR1) were consistently downregulated in both the discovery and validation cohorts. The hub genes showed a high diagnostic performance and were positively correlated with the infiltration of M2 macrophages and resting mast cells. Experimental results confirmed that the 5 genes were downregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels within nasal polyp tissues. Finally, a significant and inverse relationship was identified between the expression levels of these genes and both the Lund-Mackay and Lund-Kennedy scores. Conclusion Our findings systematically unraveled 5 hub markers correlated with mitochondrial metabolism and immune cell infiltration in CRSwNP, suggesting their potential to be based to design diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Clinical Allergy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Clinical Allergy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Clinical Allergy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Zou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Clinical Allergy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Clinical Allergy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Clinical Allergy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang-Yu Qiu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Clinical Allergy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- International Centre for Allergy Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei-Ping Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Clinical Allergy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Clinical Allergy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- International Centre for Allergy Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Jindal J, Hill J, Harte J, Dunachie SJ, Kronsteiner B. Starvation and infection: The role of sickness-associated anorexia in metabolic adaptation during acute infection. Metabolism 2024; 161:156035. [PMID: 39326837 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Sickness-associated anorexia, the reduction in appetite seen during infection, is a widely conserved and well-recognized symptom of acute infection, yet there is very little understanding of its functional role in recovery. Anorexic sickness behaviours can be understood as an evolutionary strategy to increase tolerance to pathogen-mediated illness. In this review we explore the evidence for mechanisms and potential metabolic benefits of sickness-associated anorexia. Energy intake can impact on the immune response, control of inflammation and tissue stress, and on pathogen fitness. Fasting mediators including hormone-sensitive lipase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) and ketone bodies are potential facilitators of infection recovery through multiple pathways including suppression of inflammation, adaptation to lipid utilising pathways, and resistance to pathogen-induced cellular stress. However, the effect and benefit of calorie restriction is highly heterogeneous depending on both the infection and the metabolic status of the host, which has implications regarding clinical recommendations for feeding during different infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Jindal
- The Medical School, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer Hill
- NDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Dept. of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jodie Harte
- NDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Dept. of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susanna J Dunachie
- NDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Dept. of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Barbara Kronsteiner
- NDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Dept. of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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15
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Deng Q, Lv R, Zou T. The effects of the ketogenic diet on cancer treatment: a narrative review. Eur J Cancer Prev 2024:00008469-990000000-00175. [PMID: 39365252 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in therapy, cancer remains the top cause of death in parts of the globe. For many types of cancer, the typical treatment is a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, this conventional treatment is not successful on its own. As a consequence, innovative approaches that improve treatment efficacy are urgently needed. The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, moderate protein, and low-carbohydrate diet that appears to sensitize most cancers to conventional therapies by exploiting cancer cells' altered metabolism, making it an effective adjuvant cancer treatment alternative. This diet could decrease glucose metabolism while enhancing lipid metabolism, interfering with the Warburg effect, and inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. The anticancer impact of ketogenic diet has been established in numerous animal trials and clinical investigations on a wide range of tumor types, including glioblastoma, pancreatic cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, invasive rectal cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer. In this review, we discussed the various types of ketogenic diets, the mechanism of action for ketogenic diet as a cancer therapy, and the data gathered from continuing preclinical and clinical studies, intending to establish a solid theoretical foundation for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxuan Deng
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medical Systems Biology, School of Public Health
| | - Ruyue Lv
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medical Systems Biology, School of Public Health
| | - Tangbin Zou
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medical Systems Biology, School of Public Health
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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16
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Torres JA, Holznecht N, Asplund DA, Kroes BC, Amarlkhagva T, Haeffner MM, Sharpe EH, Koestner S, Strubl S, Schimmel MF, Kruger S, Agrawal S, Aceves BA, Thangaraju M, Weimbs T. β-hydroxybutyrate recapitulates the beneficial effects of ketogenic metabolic therapy in polycystic kidney disease. iScience 2024; 27:110773. [PMID: 39314240 PMCID: PMC11418134 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common monogenic disease characterized by the formation of fluid-filled renal cysts, loss of mitochondrial function, decreased fatty acid oxidation, increased glycolysis, and likely renal failure. We previously demonstrated that inducing a state of ketosis ameliorates or reverses PKD progression in multiple animal models. In this study, we compare time-restricted feeding and 48-h periodic fasting regimens in both juvenile and adult Cy/+ rats. Both fasting regimens potently prevent juvenile disease progression and partially reverse PKD in adults. To explore the mechanism of fasting, we administered β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) to Cy/+ rats and orthologous mouse models of PKD (Pkd1 RC/RC , Pkd1-Ksp:Cre). BHB recapitulated the effects of fasting in these models independent of stereoisomer, suggesting the effects of BHB are largely due to its signaling functions. These findings implicate the use of ketogenic metabolic therapy and BHB supplementation as potential disease modifiers of PKD and point toward underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. Torres
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Nickolas Holznecht
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - David A. Asplund
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Bradley C. Kroes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Tselmeg Amarlkhagva
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Matthias M. Haeffner
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth H. Sharpe
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Stella Koestner
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Strubl
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Margaret F. Schimmel
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Kruger
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Shagun Agrawal
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Brina A. Aceves
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Muthusamy Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Augusta, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas Weimbs
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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17
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Lu F, Wang R, Cheng Y, Li X. Preconditioning with β-hydroxybutyrate attenuates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing alveolar macrophage pyroptosis through the SIRT1-FOXO3 signaling pathway. FASEB J 2024; 38:e70027. [PMID: 39221615 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202401188r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The complex pathogenesis of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) was examined in a murine model, focusing on the role of pyroptosis and its exacerbation of lung injury. We specifically examined the levels and cellular localization of pyroptosis within the lung, which revealed alveolar macrophages as the primary site. The inhibition of pyroptosis by VX-765 reduced the severity of lung injury, underscoring its significant role in LIRI. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) in ameliorating LIRI was examined. Modulation of β-OHB levels was evaluated by ketone ester supplementation and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 (BDH-1) gene knockout, along with the manipulation of the SIRT1-FOXO3 signaling pathway using EX-527 and pCMV-SIRT1 plasmid transfection. This revealed that β-OHB exerts lung-protective and anti-pyroptotic effects, which were mediated through the upregulation of SIRT1 and the enhancement of FOXO3 deacetylation, leading to decreased pyroptosis markers and lung injury. In addition, β-OHB treatment of MH-S cells in vitro showed a concentration-dependent improvement in pyroptosis, linking its therapeutic benefits to specific cell mechanisms. Overall, this study highlights the significance of alveolar macrophage pyroptosis in the exacerbation of LIRI and indicates the potential of β-OHB in mitigating injury by modulating the SIRT1-FOXO3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pain Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rurong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - XueHan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Noh SG, Kim HW, Kim S, Chung KW, Jung YS, Yoon JH, Yu BP, Lee J, Chung HY. Senoinflammation as the underlying mechanism of aging and its modulation by calorie restriction. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 101:102503. [PMID: 39284417 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Senoinflammation is characterized by an unresolved low-grade inflammatory process that affects multiple organs and systemic functions. This review begins with a brief overview of the fundamental concepts and frameworks of senoinflammation. It is widely involved in the aging of various organs and ultimately leads to progressive systemic degeneration. Senoinflammation underlying age-related inflammation, is causally related to metabolic dysregulation and the formation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) during aging and age-related diseases. This review discusses the biochemical evidence and molecular biology data supporting the concept of senoinflammation and its regulatory processes, highlighting the anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects of calorie restriction (CR). Experimental data from CR studies demonstrated effective suppression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, lipid accumulation, and SASP during aging. In conclusion, senoinflammation represents the basic mechanism that creates a microenvironment conducive to aging and age-related diseases. Furthermore, it serves as a potential therapeutic target for mitigating aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Gyun Noh
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Pal Yu
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Kovács Z, Rauch E, D’Agostino DP, Ari C. Putative Role of Adenosine A1 Receptors in Exogenous Ketone Supplements-Evoked Anti-Epileptic Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9869. [PMID: 39337356 PMCID: PMC11432942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of patients with epilepsy are drug-refractory. There is an urgent need to elucidate the exact pathophysiology of different types of epilepsies and the mechanisms of action of both antiseizure medication and metabolic therapies to treat patients more effectively and safely. For example, it has been demonstrated that exogenous ketone supplement (EKS)-generated therapeutic ketosis, as a metabolic therapy, may decrease epileptic activity in both animal models and humans, but its exact mechanism of action is unknown. However, it was demonstrated that therapeutic ketosis, among others, can increase adenosine level, which may enhance activity of A1 adenosine receptors (A1Rs) in the brain. It has also been demonstrated previously that adenosine has anti-epileptic effect through A1Rs in different models of epilepsies. Thus, it is possible that (i) therapeutic ketosis generated by the administration of EKSs may exert its anti-epileptic effect through, among other mechanisms, increased adenosine level and A1R activity and that (ii) the enhanced activity of A1Rs may be a necessary anti-epileptic mechanism evoked by EKS administration-generated ketosis. Moreover, EKSs can evoke and maintain ketosis without severe side effects. These results also suggest that the therapeutic application of EKS-generated ketosis may be a promising opportunity to treat different types of epilepsies. In this literature review, we specifically focus on the putative role of A1Rs in the anti-epileptic effect of EKS-induced ketosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Kovács
- Department of Biology, BDTTC, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4., 9700 Szombathely, Hungary or (Z.K.); (E.R.)
| | - Enikő Rauch
- Department of Biology, BDTTC, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4., 9700 Szombathely, Hungary or (Z.K.); (E.R.)
- Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Str. 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dominic P. D’Agostino
- Ketone Technologies LLC., Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Ocala, FL 34471, USA
| | - Csilla Ari
- Ketone Technologies LLC., Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Laboratory, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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20
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Monti K, Conkright MW, Eagle SR, Lawrence DW, Dretsch LM. The role of nutrition in mild traumatic brain injury rehabilitation for service members and veterans. NeuroRehabilitation 2024:NRE230241. [PMID: 39269857 DOI: 10.3233/nre-230241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Veterans Affairs and the Department of Defense (DOD) acknowledge that nutrition may be a modifier of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) sequelae. Military clinicians are considering nutritional supplements and dietary interventions when managing patients with mild TBI. Therefore, clinicians should be familiar with the current evidence for nutritional interventions in mild TBI and special considerations related to the military lifestyle. OBJECTIVE This narrative review aims to summarize the existing evidence surrounding the role of special diets and select nutrients in mild TBI outcomes, gut microbiota changes, and special considerations for Service members and Veterans recovering from mild TBI. METHODS We conducted a literature review in PubMed and Google Scholar limited to nutritional interventions and nine topics with primary focus on mild TBI, although we included some articles related to moderate-to-severe TBI where relevant: 1) ketogenic diet, 2) Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet, 3) omega-3 fatty acids, 4) creatine, 5) vitamin D, 6) weight management, 7) gut microbiota, 8) caffeine, and 9) alcohol. We summarized key findings and safety factors where appropriate for each intervention. We also identified nutritional supplement safety and operational rations considerations and areas in need of further research. RESULTS Preclinical studies and early human trials suggest that the specific nutrients and diets discussed in the current article may offer neuroprotection or benefit during mild TBI rehabilitation. Omega-3 fatty acids, creatine, and vitamin D are generally safe when taken within recommended guidelines. CONCLUSION More evidence is needed to support nutritional recommendations for enhancing neuroprotection and mitigating mild TBI symptoms in humans. The DOD's Warfighter Nutrition Guide recommends a whole food diet rich in antioxidants, phytonutrients, omega-3 fatty acids, micronutrients, probiotics, and fiber to optimize long-term health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Monti
- Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- CICONIX LLC, Annapolis, MD, USA
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Maj William Conkright
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Tacoma, WA, USA
- Army - Baylor Graduate Program in Nutrition, Joint Base San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shawn R Eagle
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David W Lawrence
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ltc Michael Dretsch
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-West, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Tacoma, WA, USA
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21
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Moya-Garzon MD, Wang M, Li VL, Lyu X, Wei W, Tung ASH, Raun SH, Zhao M, Coassolo L, Islam H, Oliveira B, Dai Y, Spaas J, Delgado-Gonzalez A, Donoso K, Alvarez-Buylla A, Franco-Montalban F, Letian A, Ward C, Liu L, Svensson KJ, Goldberg EL, Gardner CD, Little JP, Banik SM, Xu Y, Long JZ. A secondary β-hydroxybutyrate metabolic pathway linked to energy balance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.09.612087. [PMID: 39314488 PMCID: PMC11418978 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.09.612087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is an abundant ketone body. To date, all known pathways of BHB metabolism involve interconversion of BHB and primary energy intermediates. Here we show that CNDP2 controls a previously undescribed secondary BHB metabolic pathway via enzymatic conjugation of BHB and free amino acids. This BHB-ylation reaction produces a family of endogenous ketone metabolites, the BHB-amino acids. Genetic ablation of CNDP2 in mice eliminates tissue amino acid BHB-ylation activity and reduces BHB-amino acid levels. Administration of BHB-Phe, the most abundant BHB-amino acid, to obese mice activates neural populations in the hypothalamus and brainstem and suppresses feeding and body weight. Conversely, CNDP2-KO mice exhibit increased food intake and body weight upon ketosis stimuli. CNDP2-dependent amino acid BHB-ylation and BHB-amino acid metabolites are also conserved in humans. Therefore, the metabolic pathways of BHB extend beyond primary metabolism and include secondary ketone metabolites linked to energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dolores Moya-Garzon
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mengjie Wang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Veronica L Li
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xuchao Lyu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alan Sheng-Hwa Tung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steffen H Raun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laetitia Coassolo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hashim Islam
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Barbara Oliveira
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yuqin Dai
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jan Spaas
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Kenyi Donoso
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Francisco Franco-Montalban
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja sn, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | - Anudari Letian
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Ward
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lichao Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katrin J Svensson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Emily L Goldberg
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher D Gardner
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven M Banik
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Phil & Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience at the Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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22
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Verlinden SF. The genetic advantage of healthy centenarians: unraveling the central role of NLRP3 in exceptional healthspan. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1452453. [PMID: 39301197 PMCID: PMC11410711 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1452453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite extensive research into extending human healthspan (HS) and compressing morbidity, the mechanisms underlying aging remain elusive. However, a better understanding of the genetic advantages responsible for the exceptional HS of healthy centenarians (HC), who live in good physical and mental health for one hundred or more years, could lead to innovative health-extending strategies. This review explores the role of NLRP3, a critical component of innate immunity that significantly impacts aging. It is activated by pathogen-associated signals and self-derived signals that increase with age, leading to low-grade inflammation implicated in age-related diseases. Furthermore, NLRP3 functions upstream in several molecular aging pathways, regulates cellular senescence, and may underlie the robust health observed in HC. By targeting NLRP3, mice exhibit a phenotype akin to that of HC, the HS of monkeys is extended, and aging symptoms are reversed in humans. Thus, targeting NLRP3 could offer a promising approach to extend HS. Additionally, a paradigm shift is proposed. Given that the HS of the broader population is 30 years shorter than that of HC, it is postulated that they suffer from a form of accelerated aging. The term 'auto-aging' is suggested to describe accelerated aging driven by NLRP3.
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23
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Miyatsu T, McAdam J, Coleman K, Chappe E, Tuggle SC, McClure T, Bamman MM. Effect of ketone monoester supplementation on elite operators' mountaineering training. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1411421. [PMID: 39290617 PMCID: PMC11405315 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1411421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Special Operations Forces (SOF) often conduct operations in physiologically stressful environments such as severe heat, cold, or hypoxia, which can induce decreases in a variety of cognitive abilities. Given the promising empirical demonstration of the efficacy of exogenous ketone monoester (KME) supplementation in attenuating cognitive performance decrease during hypoxia at rest in a laboratory setting, we conducted a real-world, field experiment examining KME's efficacy during high-altitude mountaineering, an austere environment in which US SOF have conducted increasing numbers of operations over the past two decades. Methods Specifically, 34 students and cadre at the US Army 10th Special Forces Group Special Operations Advanced Mountaineering School (SOAMS) participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo (PLA)-controlled crossover trial (KME vs. PLA) over 2 days of tactical mountain operations training. The participants ascended from 7,500 ft in altitude (basecamp) to 12,460 ft on 1 day and 13,627 ft the other day (in randomized order), while performing various training activities inducing high physical and cognitive loads over 8-12 h, and consumed six doses of KME or PLA 2-3 h apart throughout each training day. Results and Discussion While KME increased blood ketone levels and decreased glucose levels, there were no clear indications that the elevated ketone level enhanced physical or cognitive performance. KME also produced a greater incidence of heartburn, nausea, and vomiting. In these elite operators, high-altitude mountaineering had a limited impact on cognitive performance, and KME supplementation did not demonstrate any benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Miyatsu
- Healthspan, Resilience and Performance Research, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States
| | - Jeremy McAdam
- Healthspan, Resilience and Performance Research, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States
| | - Kody Coleman
- Healthspan, Resilience and Performance Research, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ed Chappe
- Healthspan, Resilience and Performance Research, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States
| | - Steven C Tuggle
- Healthspan, Resilience and Performance Research, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States
| | - Tyler McClure
- Healthspan, Resilience and Performance Research, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marcas M Bamman
- Healthspan, Resilience and Performance Research, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States
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24
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Norwitz NG, Soto-Mota A. Case report: Carnivore-ketogenic diet for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a case series of 10 patients. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1467475. [PMID: 39296504 PMCID: PMC11409203 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1467475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Very-low-carbohydrate diets, including ketogenic and carnivore diets, are gaining popularity for the experimental treatment of a wide range of disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods Participants were recruited through a social media survey. Final inclusion required a histologically confirmed diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease that was responsive to treatment with a ketogenic or carnivore diet without medication or with successful medication cessation on the diet. Clinical improvement was measured with the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ). Results We report on 10 cases of IBD responsive to ketogenic, mostly carnivore, diets. Clinical presentations were diverse, including six cases of UC and four of Crohn's disease. Clinical improvements were universal, with clinical improvement scores ranging between 72 and 165 points on the IBDQ. Patients' diets comprised mostly meat, eggs, and animal fats. Patients report their diets are pleasurable, sustainable, and unequivocally enhance their quality of life. Conclusion Ketogenic and carnivore diets hold promise for the treatment of IBD, including UC and Crohn's disease. These cases are consistent with clinical literature that shows an inverse association between intestinal ketone levels and IBD activity, as well as the therapeutic effects of low residue elimination diets on colonic microbiota metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian Soto-Mota
- Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, National Institute for Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
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25
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Horiuchi T, Furukawa K, Kikusato M. Suppressive Effects of β-Hydroxybutyrate Administration on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Broiler Chickens. Vet Sci 2024; 11:405. [PMID: 39330784 PMCID: PMC11436216 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11090405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the suppressive effects of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) administration on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in broiler chickens. METHODS Twenty-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly allocated to three groups, each of which was treated with saline (control), intraperitoneal administration of LPS [1.5 mg/kg body weight (BW), Escherichia coli O127:B8], or LPS plus BHB (3 mmol/kg BW). RESULTS Plasma albumin and total protein concentration were significantly reduced by LPS administration, while BHB co-treatment partially attenuated the effects. The LPS treatment significantly induced plasma aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities, and interleukin (IL)-6 concentration, with the increases suppressed by BHB co-treatment (p < 0.05). The LPS treatment significantly increased the gene expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 in the spleen and peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC), while the increases were partially attenuated by BHB in the spleen. Relatively higher levels of BHB dehydrogenase 1 and succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase were observed in the spleen and skeletal muscle, while these gene levels were lower in PBMC and the liver. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that BHB can suppress LPS-induced inflammation, in which ketolytic enzyme expression levels may be involved in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Horiuchi
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Kyohei Furukawa
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Motoi Kikusato
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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Paoli A, Campa F. Problems and Opportunities in the use of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for Assessing Body Composition During Ketogenic Diets: A Scoping Review. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:496-509. [PMID: 38802722 PMCID: PMC11306364 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for monitoring body composition during the ketogenic diet has experienced a rapid surge. This scoping review aimed to assess the validity of procedures applying BIA in the ketogenic diet and to suggest best practices for optimizing its utilization. RECENT FINDINGS We conducted a systematic scoping review of peer-reviewed literature involving BIA for assessing body composition in individuals adhering to a ketogenic diet. Searches of international databases yielded 1609 unique records, 72 of which met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Thirty-five studies used foot-to-hand technology, 34 used standing position technology, while 3 did not declare the technology used. Raw bioelectrical parameters were reported in 21 studies. A total of 196 body mass components were estimated, but predictive equations were reported in only four cases. Most research on BIA during ketogenic diets did not report the equations used for predicting body composition, making it impossible to assess the validity of BIA outputs. Furthermore, the exceedingly low percentage of studies reporting and analyzing raw data makes it challenging to replicate methodologies in future studies, highlighting that BIA is not being utilized to its full potential. There is a need for more precise technology and device characteristics descriptions, full report of raw bioelectrical data, and predictive equations utilized. Moreover, evaluating raw data through vectorial analysis is strongly recommended. Eventually, we suggest best practices to enhance BIA outcomes during ketogenic diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Francesco Campa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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27
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Zou Y, Tang X, Yang S, Chen Z, Liu B, Zhou Z, Peng X, Tang C. New insights into the function of the NLRP3 inflammasome in sarcopenia: mechanism and therapeutic strategies. Metabolism 2024; 158:155972. [PMID: 38972476 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is one of the most common skeletal muscle disorders and is characterized by infirmity and disability. While extensive research has focused on elucidating the mechanisms underlying the progression of sarcopenia, further comprehensive insights into its pathogenesis are necessary to identify new preventive and therapeutic approaches. The involvement of inflammasomes in sarcopenia is widely recognized, with particular emphasis on the NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome. In this review, we aim to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its relevance in sarcopenia of various etiologies. Furthermore, we highlight interventions targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in the context of sarcopenia and discuss the current limitations of our knowledge in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangbin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Siyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhanglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zuoqiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiyang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
| | - Changfa Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
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28
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Ma Q, Steiger S. Neutrophils and extracellular traps in crystal-associated diseases. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:809-823. [PMID: 38853086 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Crystalline material can cause a multitude of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as gouty arthritis, silicosis, kidney disease, and atherosclerosis. Crystals of various types are thought to cause similar inflammatory responses, including the release of proinflammatory mediators and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), processes that further promote necroinflammation and tissue damage. It has become apparent that the intensity of inflammation and the related mechanisms of NET formation and neutrophil death in crystal-associated diseases can vary depending on the crystal type, amount, and site of deposition. This review details new mechanistic insights into crystal biology, highlights the differential effects of various crystals on neutrophils and extracellular trap (ET) formation, and discusses treatment strategies and potential future approaches for crystal-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Stefanie Steiger
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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29
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Ari C, D'Agostino DP, Cha BJ. Neuroregeneration Improved by Sodium-D,L-Beta-Hydroxybutyrate in Primary Neuronal Cultures. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1160. [PMID: 39338322 PMCID: PMC11435142 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Ketone bodies are considered alternative fuels for the brain when glucose availability is limited. To determine the neuroregenerative potential of D,L-sodium-beta-hydroxybutyrate (D/L-BHB), Sprague Dawley rat primary cortical neurons were exposed to simulated central nervous system injury using a scratch assay. The neuronal cell migration, cell density and degree of regeneration in the damaged areas (gaps) in the absence (control) and presence of BHB (2 mM) were documented with automated live-cell imaging by the CytoSMART system over 24 h, which was followed by immunocytochemistry, labeling synapsin-I and β3-tubulin. The cell density was significantly higher in the gaps with BHB treatment after 24 h compared to the control. In the control, only 1.5% of the measured gap areas became narrower over 24 h, while in the BHB-treated samples 49.23% of the measured gap areas became narrower over 24 h. In the control, the gap expanded by 63.81% post-injury, while the gap size decreased by 10.83% in response to BHB treatment, compared to the baseline. The cell density increased by 97.27% and the gap size was reduced by 74.64% in response to BHB, compared to the control. The distance travelled and velocity of migrating cells were significantly higher with BHB treatment, while more synapsin-I and β3-tubulin were found in the BHB-treated samples after 24 h, compared to the control. The results demonstrate that D/L-BHB enhanced neuronal migration and molecular processes associated with neural regeneration and axonogenesis. These results may have clinical therapeutic applications in the future for nervous system injuries, such as for stroke, concussion and TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Ari
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Ketone Technologies LLC, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Dominic P D'Agostino
- Ketone Technologies LLC, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Ocala, FL 34471, USA
| | - Byeong J Cha
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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Wang R, Yang X, Wang L, Wang R, Zhang W, Ji Y, Li Z, Li H, Cui L. β-Hydroxybutyrate alleviates brain aging through the MTA1 pathway in D-galactose injured mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 983:176959. [PMID: 39216746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable law of the process of life during which many physiological functions change. Brain aging is an important mechanism in the occurrence and development of degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) is a water-soluble, endogenous small-molecule ketone that can cross the blood-brain barrier and induce neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of BHBA on D-galactose (D-gal) induced aging in mice and its underlying mechanisms using in vitro and in vivo experiments. These results indicated that D-gal-induced senescence, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses were inhibited by BHBA, and autophagy was promoted by BHBA. Mechanistically, we explored the role of metastasis-associated antigen-1 (MTA1) in D-gal-induced damaged in HT22 cells using small interfering RNA (siRNA). The results demonstrated that the expression of MTA1 was significantly increased by BHBA, which attenuated D-gal-induced aging, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses, and promoted autophagy through the upregulation of MTA1. In conclusion, MTA1 may be a novel target for treating aging caused by neurological damage. BHBA improves brain aging by activating the MTA1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China; The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong province, China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R & D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wanzi Zhang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning province, China
| | - Yu Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R & D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zaiyu Li
- Heyou Hospital of Guangdong Province.
| | - Hua Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R & D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Lianxu Cui
- The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong province, China.
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31
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Wong A, Sun Q, Latif II, Karwi QG. Macrophage energy metabolism in cardiometabolic disease. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05099-6. [PMID: 39198360 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
In a rapidly expanding body of literature, the major role of energy metabolism in determining the response and polarization status of macrophages has been examined, and it is currently a very active area of research. The metabolic flux through different metabolic pathways in the macrophage is interconnected and complex and could influence the polarization of macrophages. Earlier studies suggested glucose flux through cytosolic glycolysis is a prerequisite to trigger the pro-inflammatory phenotypes of macrophages while proposing that fatty acid oxidation is essential to support anti-inflammatory responses by macrophages. However, recent studies have shown that this understanding is oversimplified and that the metabolic control of macrophage polarization is highly complex and not fully defined yet. In this review, we systematically reviewed and summarized the literature regarding the role of energy metabolism in controlling macrophage activity and how that might be altered in cardiometabolic diseases, namely heart failure, obesity, and diabetes. We critically appraised the experimental studies and methodologies in the published studies. We also highlighted the challenging concepts in macrophage metabolism and identified several research questions yet to be addressed in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Wong
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B 3V6, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qiuyu Sun
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B 3V6, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ismail I Latif
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Diyala, Baqubaa, Diyala, Iraq
| | - Qutuba G Karwi
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B 3V6, Canada.
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Serradas ML, Ding Y, Martorell PV, Kulińska I, Castro-Gomez S. Therapeutic Targets in Innate Immunity to Tackle Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2024; 13:1426. [PMID: 39272998 PMCID: PMC11394242 DOI: 10.3390/cells13171426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for effective disease-modifying therapeutic interventions for Alzheimer's disease (AD)-the most prevalent cause of dementia with a profound socioeconomic burden. Most clinical trials targeting the classical hallmarks of this disease-β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles-failed, showed discrete clinical effects, or were accompanied by concerning side effects. There has been an ongoing search for novel therapeutic targets. Neuroinflammation, now widely recognized as a hallmark of all neurodegenerative diseases, has been proven to be a major contributor to AD pathology. Here, we summarize the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis and progression of AD and discuss potential targets such as microglia, TREM2, the complement system, inflammasomes, and cytosolic DNA sensors. We also present an overview of ongoing studies targeting specific innate immune system components, highlighting the progress in this field of drug research while bringing attention to the delicate nature of innate immune modulations in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Serradas
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yingying Ding
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Paula V Martorell
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ida Kulińska
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sergio Castro-Gomez
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Center for Neurology, Department of Parkinson, Sleep and Movement Disorders, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Torres-Rubio L, Reguilón MD, Mellado S, Pascual M, Rodríguez-Arias M. Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Increased Ethanol Consumption Induced by Social Stress in Female Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:2814. [PMID: 39275131 PMCID: PMC11397041 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress is a critical factor in the development of mental disorders such as addiction, underscoring the importance of stress resilience strategies. While the ketogenic diet (KD) has shown efficacy in reducing alcohol consumption in male mice without cognitive impairment, its impact on the stress response and addiction development, especially in females, remains unclear. This study examined the KD's effect on increasing ethanol intake due to vicarious social defeat (VSD) in female mice. Sixty-four female OF1 mice were divided into two dietary groups: standard diet (n = 32) and KD (n = 32). These were further split based on exposure to four VSD or exploration sessions, creating four groups: EXP-STD (n = 16), VSD-STD (n = 16), EXP-KD (n = 16), and VSD-KD (n = 16). KD-fed mice maintained ketosis from adolescence until the fourth VSD/EXP session, after which they switched to a standard diet. The Social Interaction Test was performed 24 h after the last VSD session. Three weeks post-VSD, the Drinking in the Dark test and Oral Ethanol Self-Administration assessed ethanol consumption. The results showed that the KD blocked the increase in ethanol consumption induced by VSD in females. Moreover, among other changes, the KD increased the expression of the ADORA1 and CNR1 genes, which are associated with mechanisms modulating neurotransmission. Our results point to the KD as a useful tool to increase resilience to social stress in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Torres-Rubio
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina D Reguilón
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Mellado
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Pascual
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Dyńka D, Rodzeń Ł, Rodzeń M, Łojko D, Kraszewski S, Ibrahim A, Hussey M, Deptuła A, Grzywacz Ż, Ternianov A, Unwin D. Beneficial Effects of the Ketogenic Diet on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD/MAFLD). J Clin Med 2024; 13:4857. [PMID: 39200999 PMCID: PMC11355934 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is likely to be approaching 38% of the world's population. It is predicted to become worse and is the main cause of morbidity and mortality due to hepatic pathologies. It is particularly worrying that NAFLD is increasingly diagnosed in children and is closely related, among other conditions, to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Against this background is the concern that the awareness of patients with NAFLD is low; in one study, almost 96% of adult patients with NAFLD in the USA were not aware of their disease. Thus, studies on the therapeutic tools used to treat NAFLD are extremely important. One promising treatment is a well-formulated ketogenic diet (KD). The aim of this paper is to present a review of the available publications and the current state of knowledge of the effect of the KD on NAFLD. This paper includes characteristics of the key factors (from the point of view of NAFLD regression), on which ketogenic diet exerts its effects, i.e., reduction in insulin resistance and body weight, elimination of fructose and monosaccharides, limitation of the total carbohydrate intake, anti-inflammatory ketosis state, or modulation of gut microbiome and metabolome. In the context of the evidence for the effectiveness of the KD in the regression of NAFLD, this paper also suggests the important role of taking responsibility for one's own health through increasing self-monitoring and self-education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Dyńka
- Rodzen Brothers Foundation, 64-234 Wieleń, Poland
| | | | | | - Dorota Łojko
- Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Sebastian Kraszewski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ali Ibrahim
- Schoen Inpatient Children’s Eating Disorders Service, 147 Chester Rd, Streetly, Sutton Coldfield B74 3NE, UK
| | - Maria Hussey
- Private General Medical Practice Maria Hussey, Ojcowa Wola 5, 14-420 Mlynary, Poland
| | - Adam Deptuła
- Faculty of Production Engineering and Logistics, Opole University of Technology, 76 Prószkowska St., 45-758 Opole, Poland
| | - Żaneta Grzywacz
- Faculty of Production Engineering and Logistics, Opole University of Technology, 76 Prószkowska St., 45-758 Opole, Poland
| | - Alexandre Ternianov
- Primary Care Centre Vila Olimpica, Parc Sanitary Pere Virgili, c. Joan Miró 17, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Unwin
- Faculty of Health Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK
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Bui DT, Nagasaki Y. Developing poly(ethylene glycol)- b-poly(β-hydroxybutyrate)-based self-assembling prodrug for the management of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2024; 25:2382084. [PMID: 39166178 PMCID: PMC11334744 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2382084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Although β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), one of the endogenous body ketones, possesses high bioactivities, it is rapidly consumed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. In this study, we designed new self-assembling nanoparticles that sustainably released BHB to improve bioavailability and evaluated their efficacy in in vivo experiments using rodent animal models. Since poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) [poly(BHB)] is regarded as a polymeric prodrug that is hydrolyzed by endogenous enzymes and releases BHB in a sustained manner, our idea was to engineer hydrophobic poly(BHB) in one of the segments in the amphiphilic block copolymer, of which self-assembles in water to form nanoparticles of tens of nanometers in size (abbreviated as NanoBHB). Here, methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) was employed as the hydrophilic segment of the block copolymer to stabilize the nanoparticles in aqueous environments, thus enabling NanoBHBs to be administrable both orally and through injection. Experimental results showed that NanoBHB has low toxicity and releases free BHB for an extended period in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, NanoBHB exhibits superior nephroprotective effects in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury mouse models compared to low-molecular-weight (LMW) sodium BHB, suggesting the potential of NanoBHB as a sustainable release formulation to supply BHB for medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Tri Bui
- Degree Program of Pure and Applied Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukio Nagasaki
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Master’s School of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Center for Research in Radiation and Earth System Science (CRiES), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- High-Value Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center (HBRCC), National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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36
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Luo Y, Wang H, Chen Z, Deng Y, Zhang Y, Hu W. Sex-specific effects of intermittent fasting on hippocampal neurogenesis via the gut-brain axis. Food Funct 2024; 15:8432-8447. [PMID: 39049753 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00318g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) is a widely used dietary strategy that has shown several advantageous impacts on general health and aging. IF has recently been linked to the control of neurogenesis, a crucial process for emotional control, memory, and learning, in the hippocampus. Nevertheless, there is little knowledge about the sex-specific impacts of IF on hippocampal neurogenesis and the related mechanisms, which were investigated in this study among both male and female rats, together with analyzing the involvement of the flora-gut-brain axis in facilitating these effects. Our findings show that IF favorably affects hippocampus neurogenesis in female mice relative to male mice, suggesting a sex-specific mechanism. In addition, IF influenced the diversity of the gut microbiota and decreased the synthesis of fructose-1-phosphate (F-1-P), which is believed together with fructose metabolism to be linked to neurological damage and cognitive decline. Collectively, these data indicate that the connection between the flora-gut-brain axis and hippocampus neurogenesis is significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Luo
- Department of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaomin Chen
- Department of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China.
| | - Yuqing Deng
- Department of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China.
| | - Yuran Zhang
- Department of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China.
| | - Wenjie Hu
- Department of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China.
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37
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Zhuang H, Ren X, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhou P. β-Hydroxybutyrate enhances chondrocyte mitophagy and reduces cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis via the HCAR2/AMPK/PINK1/Parkin pathway. Aging Cell 2024:e14294. [PMID: 39126207 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is widely recognized as the prevailing joint disease associated with aging. The ketogenic diet (KD) has been postulated to impede the advancement of various inflammatory ailments. β-Hydroxybutyrate (βOHB), a prominent constituent of ketone bodies, has recently been proposed to possess crucial signaling capabilities. In this study, we propose to explore the role and mechanism of βOHB in OA. Tissue staining and inflammatory factor assay were employed to evaluate the impacts of KD and βOHB on OA rats. The oxidative stress conditions in chondrocytes were induced using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). The mechanisms were determined using the siRNA of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCAR2), the antagonist of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the inhibitor of mitophagy. The administration of KD demonstrated a reduction in pathological damage to cartilage, as well as a decrease in plasma levels of inflammatory factors. Furthermore, it resulted in an increase in the concentration of βOHB in the blood and synovial fluid. In vitro experiments showed that βOHB facilitated mitophagy and adenosine triphosphate production. Besides, βOHB mitigated chondrocyte senescence, inflammatory factors secretion, extracellular matrix degradation, and apoptosis induced by TBHP. Subsequent investigations indicated that the protective effects of βOHB were no longer observed following the knockdown of HCAR2, the antagonist of AMPK, or the inhibitor of mitophagy. Moreover, in vivo studies suggested that βOHB played a protective role by targeting the HCAR2-AMPK-PINK1 axis. In conclusion, βOHB enhanced chondrocyte mitophagy through the HCAR2/AMPK/PINK1/Parkin pathway, offering a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangming Zhuang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xunshan Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuelong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huajie Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Panghu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Tuccinardi D, Watanabe M, Masi D, Monte L, Meffe LB, Cavallari I, Nusca A, Maddaloni E, Gnessi L, Napoli N, Manfrini S, Grigioni F. Rethinking weight loss treatments as cardiovascular medicine in obesity, a comprehensive review. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024; 31:1260-1273. [PMID: 38833329 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The global escalation of obesity has made it a worldwide health concern, notably as a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Extensive evidence corroborates its association with a range of cardiac complications, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and heightened vulnerability to sudden cardiac events. Additionally, obesity contributes to the emergence of other cardiovascular risk factors including dyslipidaemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and sleep disorders, further amplifying the predisposition to CVD. To adequately address CVD in patients with obesity, it is crucial to first understand the pathophysiology underlying this link. We herein explore these intricate mechanisms, including adipose tissue dysfunction, chronic inflammation, immune system dysregulation, and alterations in the gut microbiome.Recent guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology underscore the pivotal role of diagnosing and treating obesity to prevent CVD. However, the intricate relationship between obesity and CVD poses significant challenges in clinical practice: the presence of obesity can impede accurate CVD diagnosis while optimizing the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments or cardiac procedures requires meticulous adjustment, and it is crucial that cardiologists acknowledge the implications of excessive weight while striving to enhance outcomes for the vulnerable population affected by obesity. We, therefore, sought to overcome controversial aspects in the clinical management of heart disease in patients with overweight/obesity and present evidence on cardiometabolic outcomes associated with currently available weight management interventions, with the objective of equipping clinicians with an evidence-based approach to recognize and address CVD risks associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Tuccinardi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200-00128 Roma, Italy
- Research Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Mikiko Watanabe
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Masi
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lavinia Monte
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200-00128 Roma, Italy
- Research Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Bonifazi Meffe
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200-00128 Roma, Italy
- Research Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cavallari
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200-00128 Roma, Italy
- Research Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Annunziata Nusca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200-00128 Roma, Italy
- Research Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Ernesto Maddaloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Gnessi
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200-00128 Roma, Italy
- Research Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Manfrini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200-00128 Roma, Italy
- Research Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Grigioni
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200-00128 Roma, Italy
- Research Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
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39
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Gómez H, Derde LPG. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Therapy for Acute Organ Dysfunction in Critically Ill Patients. JAMA 2024; 332:377-379. [PMID: 38873705 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.10171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hernando Gómez
- Program for Critical Care Nephrology, the Research, Investigation and Systems Modeling (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lennie P G Derde
- Intensive Care Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Gusakov K, Kalinkovich A, Ashkenazi S, Livshits G. Nature of the Association between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Cervical Cancer and Its Potential Therapeutic Implications. Nutrients 2024; 16:2569. [PMID: 39125448 PMCID: PMC11314534 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
It is now established that patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of developing cervical cancer (CC) or its precursor, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). However, the underlying mechanisms of this association have not been elucidated. RA is characterized by unresolved chronic inflammation. It is suggested that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in RA patients exacerbates inflammation, increasing the risk of CC. The tumor microenvironment in RA patients with CC is also marked by chronic inflammation, which aggravates the manifestations of both conditions. Gut and vaginal dysbiosis are also considered potential mechanisms that contribute to the chronic inflammation and aggravation of RA and CC manifestations. Numerous clinical and pre-clinical studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of various nutritional approaches to attenuate chronic inflammation, including polyunsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), probiotics, prebiotics, and certain diets. We believe that successful resolution of chronic inflammation and correction of dysbiosis, in combination with current anti-RA and anti-CC therapies, is a promising therapeutic approach for RA and CC. This approach could also reduce the risk of CC development in HPV-infected RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Gusakov
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel; (K.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel;
| | - Shai Ashkenazi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel; (K.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel; (K.G.); (S.A.)
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel;
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O'Hara DV, Lam CSP, McMurray JJV, Yi TW, Hocking S, Dawson J, Raichand S, Januszewski AS, Jardine MJ. Applications of SGLT2 inhibitors beyond glycaemic control. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:513-529. [PMID: 38671190 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were initially developed for their glucose-lowering effects and have shown a modest glycaemic benefit in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the past decade, a series of large, robust clinical trials of these therapies have demonstrated striking beneficial effects for various care goals, transforming the chronic disease therapeutic landscape. Cardiovascular safety studies in people with T2DM demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors reduce cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure. Subsequent trials in participants with heart failure with reduced or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors have beneficial effects on heart failure outcomes. In dedicated kidney outcome studies, SGLT2 inhibitors reduced the incidence of kidney failure among participants with or without diabetes. Post hoc analyses have suggested a range of other benefits of these drugs in conditions as diverse as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, kidney stone prevention and anaemia. SGLT2 inhibitors have a generally favourable adverse effect profile, although patient selection and medication counselling remain important. Concerted efforts are needed to better integrate these agents into routine care and support long-term medication adherence to close the gap between clinical trial outcomes and those achieved in the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V O'Hara
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John J V McMurray
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tae Won Yi
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samantha Hocking
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Boden Initiative, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica Dawson
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, St George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Smriti Raichand
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for the Health Economy (MUCHE), Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrzej S Januszewski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Medicine (St. Vincent's Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meg J Jardine
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
- Department of Renal Medicine, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia.
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Smith KM, Budhram A, Geis C, McKeon A, Steriade C, Stredny CM, Titulaer MJ, Britton JW. Autoimmune-associated seizure disorders. Epileptic Disord 2024; 26:415-434. [PMID: 38818801 DOI: 10.1002/epd2.20231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
With the discovery of an expanding number of neural autoantibodies, autoimmune etiologies of seizures have been increasingly recognized. Clinical phenotypes have been identified in association with specific underlying antibodies, allowing an earlier diagnosis. These phenotypes include faciobrachial dystonic seizures with LGI1 encephalitis, neuropsychiatric presentations associated with movement disorders and seizures in NMDA-receptor encephalitis, and chronic temporal lobe epilepsy in GAD65 neurologic autoimmunity. Prompt recognition of these disorders is important, as some of them are highly responsive to immunotherapy. The response to immunotherapy is highest in patients with encephalitis secondary to antibodies targeting cell surface synaptic antigens. However, the response is less effective in conditions involving antibodies binding intracellular antigens or in Rasmussen syndrome, which are predominantly mediated by cytotoxic T-cell processes that are associated with irreversible cellular destruction. Autoimmune encephalitides also may have a paraneoplastic etiology, further emphasizing the importance of recognizing these disorders. Finally, autoimmune processes and responses to novel immunotherapies have been reported in new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) and febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES), warranting their inclusion in any current review of autoimmune-associated seizure disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Smith
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adrian Budhram
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian Geis
- Department of Neurology and Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrew McKeon
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Claude Steriade
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Coral M Stredny
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maarten J Titulaer
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Louvrou V, Solianik R, Brazaitis M, Erhardt S. Exploring the effect of prolonged fasting on kynurenine pathway metabolites and stress markers in healthy male individuals. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:677-683. [PMID: 38789718 PMCID: PMC11300305 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-024-01451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Prolonged fasting triggers a stress response within the human body. Our objective was to investigate the impact of prolonged fasting, in conjunction with stress, on kynurenine pathway metabolites. SUBJECTS/METHODS Healthy males were divided into fasting group (zero-calorie-restriction) for 6 days (FAST, n = 14), and control group (CON, n = 10). Blood and saliva samples were collected at baseline, Day 2, Day 4, Day 6 during fasting period, and 1 week after resuming regular diet. Plasma levels of kynurenine pathway metabolites were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Plasma and salivary samples were analyzed for stress markers. RESULTS A pronounced activation of the kynurenine pathway in individuals on FAST trial was revealed. Concentrations of picolinic acid (PIC), kynurenic acid (KYNA) and 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) were significantly increased, with peak levels observed on Day 6 (P < 0.0001). Conversely, concentrations of tryptophan (TRP) and quinolinic acid (QUIN) decreased (P < 0.0001), while kynurenine (KYN) and nicotinamide (NAM) levels remained stable. Cortisol and noradrenaline concentrations remained unchanged. However, adrenaline levels significantly increased on Day 4 within FAST compared to CON (P = 0.005). Notably, all deviations in kynurenine pathway metabolite levels returned to baseline values upon resuming regular diet following the 6-day fasting regimen, even when weight and BMI parameters were not restored. CONCLUSIONS Extended fasting over 6 days induces the kynurenine pathway and has minimal effects on stress markers. Restoration of metabolite concentrations upon regular feeding implies rapid adaptation of the kynurenine pathway synthetic enzymes to maintain homeostasis when faced with perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Louvrou
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rima Solianik
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marius Brazaitis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sophie Erhardt
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Feng G, Wu Z, Yang L, Wang K, Wang H. β-hydroxybutyrate and ischemic stroke: roles and mechanisms. Mol Brain 2024; 17:48. [PMID: 39075604 PMCID: PMC11287974 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a significant global burden, causing extensive morbidity and mortality. In metabolic states where glucose is limited, ketone bodies, predominantly β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), act as alternative fuel sources. Elevated levels of BHB have been found in the ischemic hemispheres of animal models of stroke, supporting its role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. Clinically, higher serum and urinary BHB concentrations have been associated with adverse outcomes in ischemic stroke, highlighting its potential utility as a prognostic biomarker. In both animal and cellular models, exogenous BHB administration has exhibited neuroprotective effects, reduction of infarct size, and improvement of neurological outcomes. In this review, we focus on the role of BHB before and after ischemic stroke, with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of ketone administration after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Feng
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 21 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Zongkai Wu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 21 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Leyi Yang
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 21 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Kaimeng Wang
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 21 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Hebo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 21 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive Disorders, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Gary NC, Misganaw B, Hammamieh R, Gautam A. Exploring metabolomic dynamics in acute stress disorder: amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. Front Genet 2024; 15:1394630. [PMID: 39119583 PMCID: PMC11306072 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1394630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) is a psychiatric condition that can develop shortly after trauma exposure. Although molecular studies of ASD are only beginning, groups of metabolites have been found to be significantly altered with acute stress phenotypes in various pre-clinical and clinical studies. ASD implicated metabolites include amino acids (β-hydroxybutyrate, glutamate, 5-aminovalerate, kynurenine and aspartate), ketone bodies (β-hydroxybutyrate), lipids (cortisol, palmitoylethanomide, and N-palmitoyl taurine) and carbohydrates (glucose and mannose). Network and pathway analysis with the most prominent metabolites shows that Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and c-AMP response element binding (CREB) protein can be crucial players. After highlighting main recent findings on the role of metabolites in ASD, we will discuss potential future directions and challenges that need to be tackled. Overall, we aim to showcase that metabolomics present a promising opportunity to advance our understanding of ASD pathophysiology as well as the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C. Gary
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA, United States
| | - Burook Misganaw
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Culmen International, Alexandria, VA, United States
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Aarti Gautam
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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46
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Tork MAB, Fotouhi S, Roozi P, Negah SS. Targeting NLRP3 Inflammasomes: A Trojan Horse Strategy for Intervention in Neurological Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04359-2. [PMID: 39042218 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Recently, a growing focus has been on identifying critical mechanisms in neurological diseases that trigger a cascade of events, making it easier to target them effectively. One such mechanism is the inflammasome, an essential component of the immune response system that plays a crucial role in disease progression. The NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome is a subcellular multiprotein complex that is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and can be activated by a variety of external and internal stimuli. When activated, the NLRP3 inflammasome triggers the production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) and facilitates rapid cell death by assembling the inflammasome. These cytokines initiate inflammatory responses through various downstream signaling pathways, leading to damage to neurons. Therefore, the NLRP3 inflammasome is considered a significant contributor to the development of neuroinflammation. To counter the damage caused by NLRP3 inflammasome activation, researchers have investigated various interventions such as small molecules, antibodies, and cellular and gene therapy to regulate inflammasome activity. For instance, recent studies indicate that substances like micro-RNAs (e.g., miR-29c and mR-190) and drugs such as melatonin can reduce neuronal damage and suppress neuroinflammation through NLRP3. Furthermore, the transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of pyroptosis-related proteins NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18. However, it would benefit future research to have an in-depth review of the pharmacological and biological interventions targeting inflammasome activity. Therefore, our review of current evidence demonstrates that targeting NLRP3 inflammasomes could be a pivotal approach for intervention in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Bayat Tork
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soroush Fotouhi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parvin Roozi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Sahab Negah
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Pardis Campus, Azadi Square, Kalantari Blvd., Mashhad, Iran.
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Freyberg Z, Andreazza AC, McClung CA, Phillips ML. Linking mitochondrial dysfunction, neurotransmitter, neural network abnormalities and mania: Elucidating neurobiological mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of the ketogenic diet in Bipolar Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00199-X. [PMID: 39053576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the ketogenic diet as a treatment for Bipolar Disorder (BD), with promising anecdotal and small case study reports of efficacy. Yet, the neurobiological mechanisms by which diet-induced ketosis might ameliorate BD symptoms remain to be determined, particularly in manic and hypomanic states - defining features of BD. Identifying these mechanisms will therefore provide new markers to guide personalized interventions and provide targets for novel treatment developments for individuals with BD. In this critical review, we describe recent findings highlighting two types of neurobiological abnormalities in BD: 1) mitochondrial dysfunction; and 2) neurotransmitter and neural network functional abnormalities. We will consequently link these abnormalities lead to mania/hypomania and depression in BD and then describe the biological underpinnings by which the ketogenic diet might have a beneficial effect in individuals with BD. We end the review by describing future approaches that can be employed to elucidate the neurobiology underlying the therapeutic effect of the ketogenic diet in BD. In so doing, this may provide marker predictors to identify individuals who will respond well to the ketogenic diet, as well as offer neural targets for novel treatment developments for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Colleen A McClung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Lu L, Li F, Gao Y, Kang S, Li J, Guo J. Microbiome in radiotherapy: an emerging approach to enhance treatment efficacy and reduce tissue injury. Mol Med 2024; 30:105. [PMID: 39030525 PMCID: PMC11264922 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a widely used cancer treatment that utilizes powerful radiation to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumors. While radiation can be beneficial, it can also harm the healthy tissues surrounding the tumor. Recent research indicates that the microbiota, the collection of microorganisms in our body, may play a role in influencing the effectiveness and side effects of radiation therapy. Studies have shown that specific species of bacteria living in the stomach can influence the immune system's response to radiation, potentially increasing the effectiveness of treatment. Additionally, the microbiota may contribute to adverse effects like radiation-induced diarrhea. A potential strategy to enhance radiotherapy outcomes and capitalize on the microbiome involves using probiotics. Probiotics are living microorganisms that offer health benefits when consumed in sufficient quantities. Several studies have indicated that probiotics have the potential to alter the composition of the gut microbiota, resulting in an enhanced immune response to radiation therapy and consequently improving the efficacy of the treatment. It is important to note that radiation can disrupt the natural balance of gut bacteria, resulting in increased intestinal permeability and inflammatory conditions. These disruptions can lead to adverse effects such as diarrhea and damage to the intestinal lining. The emerging field of radiotherapy microbiome research offers a promising avenue for optimizing cancer treatment outcomes. This paper aims to provide an overview of the human microbiome and its role in augmenting radiation effectiveness while minimizing damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, No.1, Northwest New Village, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
- Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in, University of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Fengxiao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Shuhe Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, No.1, Northwest New Village, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in, University of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, No.1, Northwest New Village, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in, University of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinwang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, No.1, Northwest New Village, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in, University of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Davis NK, Chionh YH, McBee ME, Hia F, Ma D, Cui L, Sharaf ML, Cai WM, Jumpathong W, Levine SS, Alonso S, Dedon PC. Facile metabolic reprogramming distinguishes mycobacterial adaptation to hypoxia and starvation: ketosis drives starvation-induced persistence in M. bovis BCG. Commun Biol 2024; 7:866. [PMID: 39009734 PMCID: PMC11250799 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria adapt to infection stresses by entering a reversible non-replicating persistence (NRP) with slow or no cell growth and broad antimicrobial tolerance. Hypoxia and nutrient deprivation are two well-studied stresses commonly used to model the NRP, yet little is known about the molecular differences in mycobacterial adaptation to these distinct stresses that lead to a comparable NRP phenotype. Here we performed a multisystem interrogation of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG) starvation response, which revealed a coordinated metabolic shift away from the glycolysis of nutrient-replete growth to depletion of lipid stores, lipolysis, and fatty acid ß-oxidation in NRP. This contrasts with BCG's NRP hypoxia response involving a shift to cholesterol metabolism and triglyceride storage. Our analysis reveals cryptic metabolic vulnerabilities of the starvation-induced NRP state, such as their newfound hypersensitivity to H2O2. These observations pave the way for developing precision therapeutics against these otherwise drug refractory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick K Davis
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yok Hian Chionh
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- GenScript Biotech (Singapore) Pte. Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Megan E McBee
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Hia
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Duanduan Ma
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Liang Cui
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mariam Lucila Sharaf
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- BioNTech SE An der Goldgrube, Mainz, Germany
| | - Weiling Maggie Cai
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- British High Commission, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Watthanachai Jumpathong
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stuart S Levine
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter C Dedon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore.
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Ionică LN, Lința AV, Bătrîn AD, Hâncu IM, Lolescu BM, Dănilă MD, Petrescu L, Mozoș IM, Sturza A, Muntean DM. The Off-Target Cardioprotective Mechanisms of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7711. [PMID: 39062954 PMCID: PMC11277154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), a novel class of glucose-lowering drugs, have revolutionized the management of heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction, regardless of the presence of diabetes, and are currently incorporated in the heart failure guidelines. While these drugs have consistently demonstrated their ability to decrease heart failure hospitalizations in several landmark clinical trials, their cardioprotective effects are far from having been completely elucidated. In the past decade, a growing body of experimental research has sought to address the molecular and cellular mechanisms of SGLT2i in order to provide a better understanding of the off-target acute and chronic cardiac benefits, beyond the on-target renal effect responsible for blood glucose reduction. The present narrative review addresses the direct cardioprotective effects of SGLT2i, delving into the off-target mechanisms of the drugs currently approved for heart failure therapy, and provides insights into future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana N. Ionică
- Department of Internal Medicine-Medical Semiotics, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (A.V.L.); (A.D.B.); (I.M.H.); (B.M.L.)
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.D.D.); (L.P.); (I.M.M.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Adina V. Lința
- Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (A.V.L.); (A.D.B.); (I.M.H.); (B.M.L.)
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.D.D.); (L.P.); (I.M.M.); (D.M.M.)
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Alina D. Bătrîn
- Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (A.V.L.); (A.D.B.); (I.M.H.); (B.M.L.)
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.D.D.); (L.P.); (I.M.M.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Iasmina M. Hâncu
- Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (A.V.L.); (A.D.B.); (I.M.H.); (B.M.L.)
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.D.D.); (L.P.); (I.M.M.); (D.M.M.)
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Bogdan M. Lolescu
- Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (A.V.L.); (A.D.B.); (I.M.H.); (B.M.L.)
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.D.D.); (L.P.); (I.M.M.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Maria D. Dănilă
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.D.D.); (L.P.); (I.M.M.); (D.M.M.)
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Lucian Petrescu
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.D.D.); (L.P.); (I.M.M.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Ioana M. Mozoș
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.D.D.); (L.P.); (I.M.M.); (D.M.M.)
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Sturza
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.D.D.); (L.P.); (I.M.M.); (D.M.M.)
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Danina M. Muntean
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.D.D.); (L.P.); (I.M.M.); (D.M.M.)
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
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