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Chen Z, Wang Y, Zhang G, Zheng J, Tian L, Song Y, Liu X. Role of LRP5/6/GSK-3β/β-catenin in the differences in exenatide- and insulin-promoted T2D osteogenesis and osteomodulation. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:3556-3575. [PMID: 38804080 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Insulin and exenatide are two hypoglycaemic agents that exhibit different osteogenic effects. This study compared the differences between exenatide and insulin in osseointegration in a rat model of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and explored the mechanisms promoting osteogenesis in this model of T2D. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In vivo, micro-CT was used to detect differences in the peri-implant bone microstructure in vivo. Histology, dual-fluorescent labelling, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to detect differences in tissue, cell and protein expression around the implants. In vitro, RT-PCR and western blotting were used to measure the expression of osteogenesis- and Wnt signalling-related genes and proteins in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) from rats with T2D (TBMSCs) after PBS, insulin and exenatide treatment. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of Wnt bypass cascade reactions under Wnt inactivation. KEY RESULTS Micro-CT and section staining showed exenatide extensively promoted peri-implant osseointegration. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed exenatide substantially increased the expression of osteogenesis-related and activated the LRP5/6/GSK-3β/β-catenin-related Wnt pathway. Furthermore, exenatide suppressed expression of Bmpr1a to inhibit lipogenesis and promoted expression of Btrc to suppress inflammation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Compared to insulin, exenatide significantly improved osteogenesis in T2D rats and TBMSCs. In addition to its dependence on LRP5/6/GSK-3β/β-catenin signalling for osteogenic differentiation, exenatide-mediated osteomodulation also involves inhibition of inflammation and adipogenesis by BMPR1A and β-TrCP, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guanhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingliang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Lee HY, Ko SH, Park S, Kim K, Kim SY, Cho IJ, Cho EJ, Kim HC, Park JH, Ryu SK, Moon MK, Ihm SH. The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) in the management of the hypertensive patient with metabolic syndrome: a position paper from the Korean society of hypertension. Clin Hypertens 2024; 30:24. [PMID: 39217384 PMCID: PMC11366170 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-024-00279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the one of the most important components of metabolic syndrome. Because obesity related hypertension accounts for two thirds of essential hypertension, managing obesity and metabolic syndrome is a crucial task in the management of hypertension. However, the current non-pharmacological therapies have limitations for achieving or maintaining ideal body weight. Recently, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) have demonstrated excellent weight control effects, accompanied by corresponding reductions in blood pressure. GLP1-RAs have shown cardiovascular and renal protective effects in cardiovascular outcome trials both in primary and secondary prevention. In this document, the Korean Society of Hypertension intends to remark the current clinical results of GLP1-RAs and recommend the government and health-policy makers to define obesity as a disease and to establish forward-looking policies for GLP1-RA treatment for obesity treatment, including active reimbursement policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Yi Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jeong Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeong Park
- Department of Cardiology in Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kee Ryu
- Wellness Healthcare Center, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyong Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Ihm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kommu S, Berg RL. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide on weight loss in patients with overweight or obesity without diabetes mellitus-A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13792. [PMID: 38923272 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Semaglutide is found to be efficient for weight loss in patients with overweight or obesity with diabetes mellitus (DM). With a wide range of adverse events reported, the efficacy and safety of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide in individuals without DM, with overweight or obesity, is unclear. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized studies on once-weekly semaglutide in this patient population. We identified nine studies with 11,641 patients in the semaglutide group and 10,479 in the placebo group. We observed that semaglutide resulted in significant benefits, including change in body weight (%): mean difference (MD) of -11.49% (p < 0.0001), change in absolute body weight: MD of -11.74 kg (p < 0.0001), and change in waist circumference: MD of -9.06 cm (p < 0.0001). Gastrointestinal side effects are predominant including nausea: odds ratio (OR) of 4.06 (p < 0.0001), vomiting: OR of 4.43 (p < 0.0001), diarrhea: OR of 2.10 (p < 0.0001), constipation: OR of 2.43 (p < 0.0001), gallbladder disorders: OR of 1.26 (p = 0.010), and cholelithiasis: OR of 2.06 (p = 0.04). Serious adverse events were not statistically significant: OR of 1.06 (p = 0.82). However, the percentage of participants discontinuing due to adverse events and gastrointestinal side effects was statistically significant: ORs of 2.22 (p < 0.0001) and 3.77 (p < 0.0001), respectively. This study shows that in patients with overweight or obesity without DM, once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide can significantly decrease body weight without risk of serious adverse events when compared with a placebo. However, gastrointestinal side effects are predominant with semaglutide, which can result in medication discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharath Kommu
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Marshfield Clinic Health System, Rice Lake, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Richard L Berg
- Office of Research Computing and Analytics, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA
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Liu M, Gu W, Chen L, Li Y, Kuang H, Du J, Alvarez A, Lauand F, Souhami E, Zhang J, Xu W, Du Q, Mu Y. The efficacy and safety of iGlarLixi versus IDegAsp in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes suboptimally controlled with oral antidiabetic drugs: The Soli-D randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:3791-3800. [PMID: 38922731 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
AIM To compare the efficacy and safety of a fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine 100 U/mL plus lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) with premixed insulin, insulin degludec plus insulin aspart (IDegAsp), in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) suboptimally controlled with oral antidiabetic drug(s) (OADs). METHODS In Soli-D, a 24-week, multicentre, open-label, study, insulin-naïve adults were randomized 1:1 to once-daily injections of iGlarLixi (n = 291) or IDegAsp (n = 291), with continued metformin ± sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors. The primary endpoint was non-inferiority in HbA1c change from baseline to week 24. Key secondary endpoints included superiority in HbA1c change and body weight (BW) change at week 24. Hypoglycaemia rates were also assessed. RESULTS At week 24, iGlarLixi showed non-inferiority and superiority over IDegAsp in HbA1c reduction (least squares [LS] mean difference: -0.20 [95% confidence interval {CI}: -0.33, -0.07]; P < .001 for non-inferiority; [97.5% CI: -0.35, -0.05]; P = .003 for superiority). iGlarLixi decreased BW and IDegAsp increased BW from baseline to week 24, with a statistically significant LS mean difference of -1.49 kg in favour of iGlarLixi (97.5% CI: -2.32, -0.66; P < .001). Event rates (per person-year) for American Diabetes Association (ADA) Level 1, 2 or 3 hypoglycaemia were lower for iGlarLixi (1.90) versus IDegAsp (2.72) (relative risk: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.98). No ADA Level 3 hypoglycaemia or unexpected safety findings were reported. CONCLUSIONS In Chinese people with T2D suboptimally controlled with OADs, once-daily iGlarLixi provided better glycaemic control with BW benefit and lower hypoglycaemia event rates versus IDegAsp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weijun Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Kuang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianling Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yiming Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Hirsch IB, Parkin CG, Cavaiola TS, Bergenstal RM. Use of continuous glucose monitoring when initiating glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist therapy in insulin-treated diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024. [PMID: 39193839 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) medications have been shown to be effective in achieving optimal glucose control and reducing all-cause death, cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, hospitalization for heart failure, and end-stage kidney disease in individuals with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, use of these medications has been associated with increased hypoglycaemia risk in patients treated with concomitant antihyperglycaemic medications. The risk is particularly high in patients with T1D due to their loss of glucagon counter-regulatory response. This article reviews the effect of GLP-1RA formulations on the development of hypoglycaemia in individuals with T1D and T2D treated with insulin therapy, discusses the benefits of continuous glucose monitoring with GLP-1RA treatment, and presents strategies for safely initiating GLP-1RA therapy in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irl B Hirsch
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Richard M Bergenstal
- International Diabetes Centre, HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Zhou Y, Liu S, Zhang Q, Zhang S, Wu S, Zhu S. Bidirectional association between type 2 diabetes and irritable bowel syndrome: A large-scale prospective cohort study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024. [PMID: 39165053 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
AIM To examine the bidirectional association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in a large prospective population cohort. METHODS Participants free of IBS at baseline in the UK Biobank were included in the analysis of T2D and incident IBS (cohort 1), with 11 140 T2D patients and 413 979 non-T2D patients. Similarly, those free of T2D at baseline were included in the analysis of IBS and incident T2D (cohort 2), with 21 944 IBS patients and 413 979 non-IBS patients. Diagnoses of T2D and IBS were based on International Classification of Disease-10 codes. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS In cohort 1, 8984 IBS cases were identified during a median 14.5-year follow-up. Compared with non-T2D, T2D patients had a 39.0% increased risk of incident IBS (HR = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23-1.56, P < .001), with a higher IBS risk in those with higher fasting blood glucose levels (HR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.19-1.72, P < .001) or longer T2D duration (HR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.23-1.74, P < .001). In cohort 2, 29 563 incident T2D cases were identified. IBS patients had an 18.0% higher risk of developing T2D versus non-IBS patients (HR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.12-1.24, P < .001). A similar excess T2D risk was observed in IBS patients with a duration of either less than 10 years, or of 10 years or longer. Further sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis indicated consistent findings. CONCLUSIONS T2D and IBS exhibit a bidirectional association, with an increased risk of co-morbidity. Awareness of this association may improve the prevention and management of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesheng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, State Key Laboratory for Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Si Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, State Key Laboratory for Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, State Key Laboratory for Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, State Key Laboratory for Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, State Key Laboratory for Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shengtao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, State Key Laboratory for Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
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Goraltchouk A, Lourie J, Hollander JM, Grace Rosen H, Fujishiro AA, Luppino F, Zou K, Seregin A. Development and characterization of a first-in-class adjustable-dose gene therapy system. Gene 2024; 919:148500. [PMID: 38663689 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite significant potential, gene therapy has been relegated to the treatment of rare diseases, due in part to an inability to adjust dosage following initial administration. Other significant constraints include cost, specificity, antigenicity, and systemic toxicity of current generation technologies. To overcome these challenges, we developed a first-in-class adjustable-dose gene therapy system, with optimized biocompatibility, localization, durability, and cost. METHODS A lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery system was developed and characterized by dynamic light scattering for size, zeta potential, and polydispersity. Cytocompatibility and transfection efficiency were optimized in vitro using primary human adipocytes and preadipocytes. Durability, immunogenicity, and adjustment of expression were evaluated in C57BL/6 and B6 albino mice using in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Biodistribution was assessed by qPCR and immunohistochemistry; therapeutic protein expression was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS Following LNP optimization, in vitro transfection efficiency of primary human adipocytes reached 81.3 % ± 8.3 % without compromising cytocompatibility. Critical physico-chemical properties of the system (size, zeta potential, polydispersity) remained stable over a broad range of genetic cassette sizes (1,871-6,203 bp). Durable expression was observed in vivo over 6 months, localizing to subcutaneous adipose tissues at the injection site with no detectable transgene in the liver, heart, spleen, or kidney. Gene expression was adjustable using several physical and pharmacological approaches, including cryolipolysis, focused ultrasound, and pharmacologically inducible apoptosis. The ability of transfected adipocytes to express therapeutic transgenes ranging from peptides to antibodies, at potentially clinically relevant levels, was confirmed in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION We report the development of a novel, low-cost therapeutic platform, designed to enable the replacement of subcutaneously administered protein treatments with a single-injection, adjustable-dose gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Goraltchouk
- Remedium Bio, Inc. 1116 Great Plain Ave, Suite 203, Needham, MA 02492, United States of America
| | - Jared Lourie
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, United States of America
| | - Judith M Hollander
- Remedium Bio, Inc. 1116 Great Plain Ave, Suite 203, Needham, MA 02492, United States of America
| | - H Grace Rosen
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, United States of America
| | - Atsutaro A Fujishiro
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, United States of America
| | - Francesco Luppino
- Remedium Bio, Inc. 1116 Great Plain Ave, Suite 203, Needham, MA 02492, United States of America
| | - Kai Zou
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, United States of America
| | - Alexey Seregin
- Remedium Bio, Inc. 1116 Great Plain Ave, Suite 203, Needham, MA 02492, United States of America.
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Psaltis JP, Marathe JA, Nguyen MT, Le R, Bursill CA, Marathe CS, Nelson AJ, Psaltis PJ. Incretin-based therapies for the management of cardiometabolic disease in the clinic: Past, present, and future. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 39139038 DOI: 10.1002/med.22070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Among newer classes of drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are incretin-based agents that lower both blood sugar levels and promote weight loss. They do so by activating pancreatic GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) to promote glucose-dependent insulin release and inhibit glucagon secretion. They also act on receptors in the brain and gastrointestinal tract to suppress appetite, slow gastric emptying, and delay glucose absorption. Phase 3 clinical trials have shown that GLP-1 RAs improve cardiovascular outcomes in the setting of T2DM or overweight/obesity in people who have, or are at high risk of having atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This is largely driven by reductions in ischemic events, although emerging evidence also supports benefits in other cardiovascular conditions, such as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The success of GLP-1 RAs has also seen the evolution of other incretin therapies. Tirzepatide has emerged as a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1 RA, with more striking effects on glycemic control and weight reduction than those achieved by isolated GLP-1R agonism alone. This consists of lowering glycated hemoglobin levels by more than 2% and weight loss exceeding 15% from baseline. Here, we review the pharmacological properties of GLP-1 RAs and tirzepatide and discuss their clinical effectiveness for T2DM and overweight/obesity, including their ability to reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We also delve into the mechanistic basis for these cardioprotective effects and consider the next steps in implementing existing and future incretin-based therapies for the broader management of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Psaltis
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jessica A Marathe
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Heart and Vascular Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mau T Nguyen
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Heart and Vascular Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Richard Le
- Heart and Vascular Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christina A Bursill
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Heart and Vascular Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chinmay S Marathe
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Adam J Nelson
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Heart and Vascular Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peter J Psaltis
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Heart and Vascular Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
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Yale JF, Major-Pedersen A, Catarig AM, Jain R, Menzen M, Holmes P. Real-world safety profile of once-weekly semaglutide in people with type 2 diabetes: Analysis of pooled data from the SemaglUtide Real-world Evidence (SURE) programme. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024. [PMID: 39118222 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate, through post hoc analysis of nine studies from the SemaglUtide Real-world Evidence (SURE) programme, the safety of once-weekly (OW) semaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and in subpopulations in routine clinical practice, complementing findings from the phase 3 randomized clinical trial (RCT) SUSTAIN programme. METHODS The SURE studies had a duration of ~30 weeks and included adults with diagnosed T2D treated with OW semaglutide. Safety information, including hypoglycaemic events, were collected and analysed for the total study population and for patient subgroups based on baseline patient characteristics, baseline co-medication and prescriber specialty. RESULTS Of the total 3505 patients, 24.3% reported adverse events (AEs), with most patients reporting non-serious (22.3%) and mild (17.1%) AEs. AEs mainly belonged to the gastrointestinal disorders system organ class (16.3% of patients). In total, 5.1% of patients reported AEs that led to treatment discontinuation, 0.5% reported serious adverse drug reactions and 0.2% had an AE with a fatal outcome, reported as unrelated to treatment. Overall, 1.1% and 0.1% of patients reported level 2 and 3 hypoglycaemic events, respectively. A higher rate of level 2 hypoglycaemia was observed in patients with baseline microvascular complications treated with insulin versus those on insulin without these complications. CONCLUSIONS Safety data reported in the real-world SURE studies were generally consistent with observations in phase 3 OW semaglutide RCTs. No new safety concerns were identified, highlighting that OW semaglutide is well tolerated by adults with T2D and in subpopulations in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rashmi Jain
- Novo Nordisk Service Centre India Private Ltd., Bengaluru, India
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Quast DR, Meier JJ. Increased incidence of GERD in GLP-1 treated patients: fact or artefact? Gut 2024; 73:1588-1589. [PMID: 37857478 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Robert Quast
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Section, Department of Internal Medicine I, Katholisches Klinikum Bochum Sankt Josef-Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Juris J Meier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Diabetes, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt gGmbH, Bochum, Germany
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Zenno A, Nwosu EE, Fatima SZ, Nadler EP, Mirza NM, Brady SM, Turner SA, Yang SB, Lazareva J, Te-Vasquez JA, Chen KY, Chung ST, Yanovski JA. An open-label 16-week study of liraglutide in adolescents with obesity post-sleeve gastrectomy. Pediatr Obes 2024:e13154. [PMID: 39103247 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 50% of adolescents who undergo metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) have obesity 3 years post-MBS, placing them at continued risk for the consequences of obesity. OBJECTIVES We conducted an open-label, 16-week pilot study of liraglutide in adolescents with obesity after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) to investigate liraglutide effects on weight and body mass index (BMI) post-SG. METHODS Adolescents aged 12-20.99 years with obesity and a history of SG ≥1 year prior were enrolled. Liraglutide was initiated at 0.6 mg/day, escalated weekly to a maximum of 3 mg/day, with treatment duration 16 weeks. Fasting laboratory assessments and an oral glucose tolerance test were performed at baseline and end-treatment. RESULTS A total of 43 participants were screened, 34 initiated liraglutide (baseline BMI 41.2 ± 7.7 kg/m2), and 31 (91%) attended the end-treatment visit. BMI decreased by 4.3% (p < 0.001) with liraglutide. Adolescents who had poor initial response to SG (<20% BMI reduction at BMI nadir) had less weight loss with liraglutide. Fasting glucose and haemoglobin A1C concentrations significantly decreased. There were no serious treatment-emergent adverse events reported. CONCLUSIONS Liraglutide treatment was feasible and associated with a BMI reduction of 4.3% in adolescents who had previously undergone SG, quantitatively similar to results obtained in adolescents with obesity who have not undergone MBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zenno
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ejike E Nwosu
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Syeda Z Fatima
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Sheila M Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara A Turner
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shanna B Yang
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julia Lazareva
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer A Te-Vasquez
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kong Y Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie T Chung
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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12
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Ragsdale LB, Badran S. Plastic surgery amid a semaglutide epidemic: Direction for future studies and service implications. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2024; 95:104-105. [PMID: 38889587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2024.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Louisa B Ragsdale
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Saif Badran
- Division Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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13
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Tsukamoto S, Kobayashi K, Toyoda M, Tone A, Kawanami D, Suzuki D, Tsuriya D, Machimura H, Shimura H, Wakui H, Takeda H, Yokomizo H, Takeshita K, Chin K, Kanasaki K, Miyauchi M, Saburi M, Morita M, Yomota M, Kimura M, Hatori N, Nakajima S, Ito S, Murata T, Matsushita T, Furuki T, Hashimoto T, Umezono T, Muta Y, Takashi Y, Tamura K. Effect of preceding drug therapy on the renal and cardiovascular outcomes of combined sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:3248-3260. [PMID: 38764356 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM To conduct a post hoc subgroup analysis of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from the RECAP study, who were treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) combination therapy, focusing only on those patients who had chronic kidney disease (CKD), to examine whether the composite renal outcome differed between those who received SGLT2 inhibitor treatment first and those who received a GLP-1RA first. METHODS We included 438 patients with CKD (GLP-1RA-first group, n = 223; SGLT2 inhibitor-first group, n = 215) from the 643 T2D patients in the RECAP study. The incidence of the composite renal outcome, defined as progression to macroalbuminuria and/or a ≥50% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), was analysed using a propensity score (PS)-matched model. Furthermore, we calculated the win ratio for these composite renal outcomes, which were weighted in the following order: (1) both a ≥50% decrease in eGFR and progression to macroalbuminuria; (2) a decrease in eGFR of ≥50% only; and (3) progression to macroalbuminuria only. RESULTS Using the PS-matched model, 132 patients from each group were paired. The incidence of renal composite outcomes did not differ between the two groups (GLP-1RA-first group, 10%; SGLT2 inhibitor-first group, 17%; odds ratio 1.80; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85 to 4.26; p = 0.12). The win ratio of the GLP-1RA-first group versus the SGLT2 inhibitor-first group was 1.83 (95% CI 1.71 to 1.95; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Although the renal composite outcome did not differ between the two groups, the win ratio of the GLP-1RA-first group versus the SGLT2 inhibitor-first group was significant. These results suggest that, in GLP-1RA and SGLT2 inhibitor combination therapy, the addition of an SGLT2 inhibitor to baseline GLP-1RA treatment may lead to more favourable renal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichiro Tsukamoto
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masao Toyoda
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Tone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daiji Kawanami
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Tsuriya
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Hisashi Yokomizo
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kei Takeshita
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | | | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | | | - Masuo Saburi
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Miwa Morita
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Miwako Yomota
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Moritsugu Kimura
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | | | | | - Shun Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sagamihara Red Cross Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Takashi Murata
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Diabetes Center, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaya Matsushita
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Hachioji, Japan
| | | | - Takuya Hashimoto
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | | | - Yoshimi Muta
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Chavda VP, Balar PC, Vaghela DA, Dodiya P. Unlocking longevity with GLP-1: A key to turn back the clock? Maturitas 2024; 186:108028. [PMID: 38815535 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.108028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Traditionally known for managing blood sugar, GLP-1, a gut hormone, is emerging as a potential key to both lengthening lifespan and combating age-related ailments. While widely recognized for its role in blood sugar control, GLP-1 is increasingly recognized for its diverse effects on various biological pathways beyond glucose metabolism. Research across organisms and humans suggests that activating GLP-1 receptors significantly impacts cellular processes linked to aging. Its ability to boost mitochondrial function, enhance cellular stress resistance, and quell inflammation hints at its wider influence on aging mechanisms. This intricate interplay between GLP-1 and longevity appears to act through multiple pathways. One key effect is its ability to modulate insulin sensitivity, potentially curbing age-related metabolic issues like type 2 diabetes. Its neuroprotective properties also make it a promising candidate for addressing age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, preclinical studies using GLP-1 analogs or agonists have shown promising results in extending lifespan and improving healthspan in various model organisms. These findings provide a compelling rationale for exploring GLP-1-based interventions in humans to extend healthy aging. However, despite the exciting therapeutic prospects of GLP-1 in promoting longevity, challenges remain. Determining optimal dosages, establishing long-term safety profiles, and investigating potential adverse effects require comprehensive clinical investigations before we can confidently translate these findings to humans. This article emphasises the wide applicability of GLP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380008, Gujarat, India.
| | - Pankti C Balar
- Pharmacy Section, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380008, Gujarat, India
| | - Dixa A Vaghela
- Pharmacy Section, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380008, Gujarat, India
| | - Payal Dodiya
- Pharmacy Section, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380008, Gujarat, India
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15
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Chenxu Z, Lidan S, Guoqiang H, Binbin G, Ting W, Xiaoyi S, Qian L. Discovery of novel glucagon-like peptide 1/cholecystokinin 1 receptor dual agonists. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 199:106818. [PMID: 38801960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The combined use of gastrointestinal hormones for treating metabolic diseases is gaining increasing attention. The potential of developing novel dual agonists targeting both cholecystokinin 1 (CCK-1) receptor and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor to improve the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity have not been fully explored. In this investigation, we reported a series of novel GLP-1/CCK-1 receptor co-agonists constructed by linking the C-terminus of a GLP-1 receptor agonist (bullfrog GLP-1) to the N-terminus of a CCK-1 receptor selective agonist NN9056. In comprehensive in vitro assays, these co-agonists exhibited complete agonistic potency on GLP-1 and CCK-1 receptor. Remarkably, 1f displayed superior hypoglycemic and insulinotropic effects when compared to NN9056 and semaglutide. Evaluation in Kunming and diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice unveiled significant acute and enduring hypoglycemic effects of 1f. Administration of 1f to DIO mice resulted in substantial weight loss, normalized lipid metabolism, and enhanced glucose regulation. These preclinical observations strongly advocate for the therapeutic potential CCK-1 and GLP-1 pathways could be harnessed in a single fusion peptide, yielding a promising combination therapy strategy for treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Chenxu
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
| | - Sun Lidan
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China; Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Taigzhou 317000, PR China.
| | - Hu Guoqiang
- Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Taigzhou 317000, PR China
| | - Gong Binbin
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Wang Ting
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China; College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Sun Xiaoyi
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Long Qian
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
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16
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Liu X, Tang Y, Luo Y, Gao Y, He L. Role and mechanism of specialized pro-resolving mediators in obesity-associated insulin resistance. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:234. [PMID: 39080624 PMCID: PMC11290132 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
With the changing times, obesity has become a characteristic epidemic in the context of the current era. Insulin resistance (IR) is most commonly caused by obesity, and IR is a common basis of the pathogenesis of many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes, which seriously threaten human life, as well as health. A major pathogenetic mechanism of obesity-associated IR has been found to be chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are novel lipid mediators that both function as "stop signals" for inflammatory reaction and promote inflammation to subside. In this article, we summarize the pathogenesis of obesity-associated IR and its treatments and outline the classification and biosynthesis of SPMs and their mechanisms and roles in the treatment of obesity-associated IR in order to explore the potential of SPMs for treating metabolic diseases linked with obesity-associated IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongxiang Gao
- College of International Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lisha He
- College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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17
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Kusminski CM, Perez-Tilve D, Müller TD, DiMarchi RD, Tschöp MH, Scherer PE. Transforming obesity: The advancement of multi-receptor drugs. Cell 2024; 187:3829-3853. [PMID: 39059360 PMCID: PMC11286204 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
For more than a century, physicians have searched for ways to pharmacologically reduce excess body fat. The tide has finally turned with recent advances in biochemically engineered agonists for the receptor of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and their use in GLP-1-based polyagonists. These polyagonists reduce body weight through complementary pharmacology by incorporating the receptors for glucagon and/or the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). In their most advanced forms, gut-hormone polyagonists achieve an unprecedented weight reduction of up to ∼20%-30%, offering a pharmacological alternative to bariatric surgery. Along with favorable effects on glycemia, fatty liver, and kidney disease, they also offer beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and adipose tissue. These new interventions, therefore, hold great promise for the future of anti-obesity medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Diego Perez-Tilve
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) and Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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18
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Halloum W, Dughem YA, Beier D, Pellesi L. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists for headache and pain disorders: a systematic review. J Headache Pain 2024; 25:112. [PMID: 38997662 PMCID: PMC11241973 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-024-01821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays a crucial role in metabolic disorders by enhancing insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon release, and slowing gastric emptying, thereby improving glycemic control. In recent years, GLP-1 role in neuronal pathways has expanded its therapeutic potential. We aim to comprehensively evaluate the relevance of GLP-1 in headache and pain disorders. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and Embase (Ovid) databases using the search terms "GLP-1" and "pain". Animal and human studies published in English language were included. Abstracts, reviews, and articles on other disorders than "pain" were excluded. RESULTS The search strategy identified 833 hits, of which 42 studies were included in the final review. The studies were categorized into four groups: inflammatory pain and osteoarthritis, headaches, neuropathic pain and diabetic neuropathy, and visceral pain and irritable bowel syndrome. GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, like liraglutide, have shown analgesic effects by modulating pain hypersensitivity in animal models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. GLP-1 is involved in migraine mechanisms and GLP-1R agonists are beneficial in individuals with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Additionally, GLP-1R agonists reduce visceral hypersensitivity and ameliorate symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The therapeutic scope of GLP-1R agonists is expanding beyond traditional metabolic targets, highlighting its potential for headache and pain disorders. Engineering bimodal molecules that integrate GLP-1R agonism with specific pain-related mechanisms may offer innovative therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Halloum
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense, 5230, Denmark
| | - Yousef Al Dughem
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense, 5230, Denmark
| | - Dagmar Beier
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lanfranco Pellesi
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense, 5230, Denmark.
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Elshaer A, Chascsa DMH, Lizaola-Mayo BC. Exploring Varied Treatment Strategies for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). Life (Basel) 2024; 14:844. [PMID: 39063598 PMCID: PMC11278185 DOI: 10.3390/life14070844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents a liver disorder characterized by steatosis with underlying metabolic risk factors. The prevalence of MASLD continues to rise, leading to increased patient risk of various complications. Recent research has been focused on new therapeutic strategies to reduce the incidence of MASLD and provide effective treatment plans to prevent further irreversible liver damage. The treatment approach is multifactorial, with a primary focus on weight loss and management of underlying comorbidities through lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, or surgical options. Ongoing research is exploring new pharmacological therapies that could enhance the treatment of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Elshaer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85054, USA
| | - David M. H. Chascsa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85054, USA
- Transplant Center, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Blanca C. Lizaola-Mayo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85054, USA
- Transplant Center, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85054, USA
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20
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Herman RJ, Schmidt HD. Targeting GLP-1 receptors to reduce nicotine use disorder: Preclinical and clinical evidence. Physiol Behav 2024; 281:114565. [PMID: 38663460 PMCID: PMC11128349 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine use disorder (NUD) remains a leading cause of preventable death in the U.S. Unfortunately, current FDA-approved pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation have limited efficacy and are associated with high rates of relapse. One major barrier to long-term smoking abstinence is body weight gain during withdrawal. Nicotine withdrawal-induced body weight gain can also lead to development of chronic disease states like obesity and type II diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is critical to identify novel pharmacotherapies for NUD that decrease relapse and nicotine withdrawal symptoms including body weight gain. Recent studies demonstrate that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists attenuate voluntary nicotine taking and seeking and prevent withdrawal-induced hyperphagia and body weight gain. Emerging evidence also suggests that GLP-1R agonists improve cognitive deficits, as well as depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, which contribute to smoking relapse during withdrawal. While further studies are necessary to fully characterize the effects of GLP-1R agonists on NUD and understand the mechanisms by which GLP-1R agonists decrease nicotine withdrawal-mediated behaviors, the current literature supports GLP-1R-based approaches to treating NUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rae J Herman
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Heath D Schmidt
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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21
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Ullah I, Wang X, Li H. Novel and experimental therapeutics for the management of motor and non-motor Parkinsonian symptoms. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2979-2995. [PMID: 38388896 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND : Both motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) have a substantial detrimental influence on the patient's quality of life. The most effective treatment remains oral levodopa. All currently known treatments just address the symptoms; they do not completely reverse the condition. METHODOLOGY In order to find literature on the creation of novel treatment agents and their efficacy for PD patients, we searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and other online libraries. RESULTS According to the most recent study on Parkinson's disease (PD), a great deal of work has been done in both the clinical and laboratory domains, and some current scientists have even been successful in developing novel therapies for PD patients. CONCLUSION The quality of life for PD patients has increased as a result of recent research, and numerous innovative medications are being developed for PD therapy. In the near future, we will see positive outcomes regarding PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inam Ullah
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Hongyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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Wang R, Mijiti S, Xu Q, Liu Y, Deng C, Huang J, Yasheng A, Tian Y, Cao Y, Su Y. The Potential Mechanism of Remission in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy. Obes Surg 2024:10.1007/s11695-024-07378-z. [PMID: 38951388 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a gradual increase in the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with bariatric surgery remaining the most effective treatment strategy for these conditions. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) has emerged as the most popular surgical procedure for bariatric/metabolic surgeries, effectively promoting weight loss and improving or curing T2DM. The alterations in the gastrointestinal tract following VSG may improve insulin secretion and resistance by increasing incretin secretion (especially GLP-1), modifying the gut microbiota composition, and through mechanisms dependent on weight loss. This review focuses on the potential mechanisms through which the enhanced action of incretin and metabolic changes in the digestive system after VSG may contribute to the remission of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.57 Mei Hua East Road, Xiang Zhou District, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Salamu Mijiti
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Kashi, Autonomous Region, Kashi, 844000, Xinjiang Uygur, China
| | - Qilin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Kashi, Autonomous Region, Kashi, 844000, Xinjiang Uygur, China
| | - Yile Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.57 Mei Hua East Road, Xiang Zhou District, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaolun Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.57 Mei Hua East Road, Xiang Zhou District, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangtao Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.57 Mei Hua East Road, Xiang Zhou District, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Abudoukeyimu Yasheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Kashi, Autonomous Region, Kashi, 844000, Xinjiang Uygur, China
| | - Yunping Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Kashi, Autonomous Region, Kashi, 844000, Xinjiang Uygur, China.
| | - Yanlong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Kashi, Autonomous Region, Kashi, 844000, Xinjiang Uygur, China.
| | - Yonghui Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.57 Mei Hua East Road, Xiang Zhou District, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
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Milder DA, Milder TY, Liang SS, Kam PCA. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a narrative review of clinical pharmacology and implications for peri-operative practice. Anaesthesia 2024; 79:735-747. [PMID: 38740566 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are used increasingly in the management of patients living with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. In patients using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, a key concern in the peri-operative period is the increased risk of pulmonary aspiration due to delayed gastric emptying. This review provides an overview of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and the risk of delayed gastric emptying and aspiration. METHODS We conducted searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases of articles published before January 2024 using the keywords and medical subject headings: incretins; glucagon-like peptide-1; GLP-1; glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists; GLP-1 RA; peri-operative period; perioperative; peri-operative; stomach emptying; gastric emptying; pulmonary aspiration; aspiration; food regurgitation; and regurgitation. The evidence was analysed, synthesised and reported narratively. RESULTS A total of 1213 articles were located after duplicates were removed. Two authors screened the titles and abstracts to identify those studies which assessed specifically the risk of delayed gastric emptying and pulmonary aspiration or regurgitation in the peri-operative period. We searched manually the reference lists of relevant studies to identify any additional case reports. Ten studies were identified. Available evidence was limited to case reports, case series and observational work. CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence to put forward definitive guidance regarding the ideal cessation period for glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists before elective surgery. Precautionary practice is required until more evidence becomes available. We suggest an individualised, evidence-based approach. In patients living with type 2 diabetes mellitus, there is concern that prolonged cessation before surgery will have a detrimental effect on peri-operative glycaemic control and discussion with an endocrinologist is advised. For patients taking glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for weight management, these drugs should be withheld for at least three half-lives before an elective surgical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Milder
- Department of Anaesthesia, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Tamara Y Milder
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Sophie S Liang
- Department of Anaesthesia, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter C A Kam
- Discipline of Anaesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Scheen AJ. Underuse of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the management of type 2 diabetes despite a favorable benefit-safety profile. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024; 23:797-810. [PMID: 38738549 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2024.2354885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are at high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and cardiovascular death. Cardiovascular protection is a key objective in T2DM. AREAS COVERED Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have proven their efficacy in reducing major cardiovascular events in high-risk patients with T2DM in placebo-controlled trials, a finding confirmed in observational studies compared with other glucose-lowering agents. Overall, GLP-1RAs have a good safety profile associated with a favorable benefit/risk ratio for the management of T2DM, even if their cost-effectiveness might be questionable. International guidelines recommend GLP-1RAs as preferred glucose-lowering agents in patients with ASCVD and as a valuable alternative in overweight/obese patients with T2DM. However, real-life studies worldwide revealed that only a minority of patients receive a GLP-1RA, despite a positive trend for increased prescriptions in recent years. Surprisingly, however, fewer patients with established ASCVD are treated with these cardioprotective antihyperglycemic agents versus patients without ASCVD. EXPERT OPINION The reasons for GLP-1RA underuse in clinical practice are multiple. Multifaceted and coordinated interventions targeting all actors of the health-care system must be implemented to stimulate the adoption of GLP-1RAs as part of routine cardiovascular care among patients with T2DM, especially in those with ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- André J Scheen
- Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Liège University, Liège, Belgium
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Gupta N, Uwawah TD, Singh K, Madan H, Kumar S, Midha B, Soni K, Singh A, Bhogal A, Jain A. Semaglutide in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review of Outcomes of Semaglutide in Heart Failure Patients. Cureus 2024; 16:e64668. [PMID: 39149678 PMCID: PMC11326657 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.64668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) stands as a formidable challenge in global healthcare casting a long shadow over both morbidity and mortality. A significant interplay between HF and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) manifests an elevated risk of adverse cardiovascular events in T2DM patients. Glucagon-like peptide 1 emerges as a pivotal player in T2DM, which is released in response to meals rich in glucose and lipids. We aim to assess the outcomes of using semaglutide in HF. A comprehensive literature search was performed using electronic databases, including PubMed/Medline, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, covering all records up to May 10, 2024. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were selected. Qualitative analysis was conducted to analyze the findings of the studies included. Four studies (three randomized controlled trials and one observational study) were included in our manuscript. There was a significant decrease in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire clinical summary score (p< 0.001), body weight (p< 0.001), six-minute walk distance (p< 0.001), and CRP levels (p< 0.001). A statistically significant decrease in overall major adverse cardiac events was observed with a hazard ratio of 0.76 (95% CI 0.62, 0.92). Other factors and adverse effects were also discussed in our manuscript. Our study showed that semaglutide resulted in improvement in HF patients. Although adverse effects were observed, they were not as significant as the placebo itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Gupta
- Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, IND
| | | | - Kamaldeep Singh
- Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, IND
| | - Hritik Madan
- Internal Medicine, Adesh Medical College and Hospital, Ambala, IND
| | | | - Bharat Midha
- Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, IND
| | - Kriti Soni
- Internal Medicine, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, IND
| | - Aparjit Singh
- Internal Medicine, Adesh Medical College and Hospital, Ambala, IND
| | - Amandeep Bhogal
- Internal Medicine, Subharti Medical College & Hospital, Meerut, IND
| | - Arpit Jain
- Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, IND
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Sun X, Yang D, Li Y, Shi J, Zhang X, Yi T. Identification and utility exploration of a highly potent and long-acting bullfrog GLP-1 analogue in GLP-1 and amylin combination therapy. Peptides 2024; 177:171203. [PMID: 38582303 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
This study assesses the efficacy of an innovative therapeutic approach that combines GLP-1 and amylin analogues for weight reduction. Focusing on GLP-1 analogues from bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), we designed ten bGLP-1 analogues with various modifications. Among them, bGLP-10 showed high potency in binding and activating GLP-1 receptors, with superior albumin affinity. In diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice fed a high-fat diet, bGLP-10 demonstrated significant superiority over semaglutide in reducing blood sugar and food intake at a dose of 10 nmol/kg (P < 0.001). Notably, in a chronic study involving DIO mice, the combination of bGLP-10 with the amylin analogue cagrilintide led to a more substantial weight loss (-38.4%, P < 0.001) compared to either the semaglutide-cagrilintide combination (-23.0%) or cagrilintide (-5.7%), bGLP-10 (-16.1%), and semaglutide (-10.9%) alone. Furthermore, the bGLP-10 and cagrilintide combination exhibited superior glucose control and liver lipid management compared to the semaglutide-cagrilintide combination (P < 0.001). These results highlight bGLP-10's potential in GLP-1 and amylin-based therapies and suggest exploring more GLP-1 analogues from natural sources for anti-obesity and anti-diabetic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, PR China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University For Nationalities, No. 18 Zhongshan Second Road, Youjiang, Baise, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Food and Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, Jiangsu 223003, PR China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Food and Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, Jiangsu 223003, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Food and Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, Jiangsu 223003, PR China.
| | - Tingzhuang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Research on Prevention and Control of High Incidence Diseases in Western Guangxi/Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University For Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, PR China.
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Zhang N, Zhou H, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Yu F, Gui L, Zhang Q, Lu Y. Liraglutide promotes UCP1 expression and lipolysis of adipocytes by promoting the secretion of irisin from skeletal muscle cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 588:112225. [PMID: 38570133 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Although Liraglutide (Lira) increases serum irisin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it is unclear whether it induces expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) of adipocytes via promoting irisin secretion from skeletal muscle. Male T2DM rats were treated with 0.4 mg/kg/d Lira twice a day for 8 weeks, and the protein expression of phosphorylated AMP kinase (p-AMPK), phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (p-ACC1) and UCP1 in white adipose tissues were detected. Differentiated C2C12 cells were treated with palmitic acid (PA) and Lira to detect the secretion of irisin. Differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were treated with irisin, supernatant from Lira-treated C2C12 cells, Compound C or siAMPKα1, the triglyceride (TG) content and the related gene expression were measured. The transcriptome in irisin-treated differentiated 3T3-L1 cells was analyzed. Lira elevated serum irisin levels, decreased the adipocyte size and increased the protein expression of UCP1, p-AMPK and p-ACC1 in WAT. Moreover, it promoted the expression of PGC1α and FNDC5, the secretion of irisin in PA-treated differentiated C2C12 cells. The irisin and supernatant decreased TG synthesis and promoted the expression of browning- and lipolysis-related genes in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. While Compound C and siAMPKα1 blocked AMPK activities and expression, irisin partly reversed the pathway. Finally, the transcriptome analysis indicated that differently expressed genes are mainly involved in browning and lipid metabolism. Overall, our findings showed that Lira modulated muscle-to-adipose signaling pathways in diabetes via irisin-mediated AMPKα/ACC1/UCP1/PPARα pathway. Our results suggest a new mechanism for the treatment of T2DM by Lira.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yijing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fangmei Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Gui
- The Comprehensive Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Yunxia Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; The Comprehensive Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Jin C, Chen H, Xie L, Zhou Y, Liu LL, Wu J. GPCRs involved in metabolic diseases: pharmacotherapeutic development updates. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1321-1336. [PMID: 38326623 PMCID: PMC11192902 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are expressed in a variety of cell types and tissues, and activation of GPCRs is involved in enormous metabolic pathways, including nutrient synthesis, transportation, storage or insulin sensitivity, etc. This review intends to summarize the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and mechanisms by a series of GPCRs, such as GPR91, GPR55, GPR119, GPR109a, GPR142, GPR40, GPR41, GPR43 and GPR120. With deep understanding of GPCR's structure and signaling pathways, it is attempting to uncover the role of GPCRs in major metabolic diseases, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes, dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, for which the global prevalence has risen during last two decades. An extensive list of agonists and antagonists with their chemical structures in a nature of small molecular compounds for above-mentioned GPCRs is provided as pharmacologic candidates, and their preliminary data of preclinical studies are discussed. Moreover, their beneficial effects in correcting abnormalities of metabolic syndrome, diabetes and dyslipidemia are summarized when clinical trials have been undertaken. Thus, accumulating data suggest that these agonists or antagonists might become as new pharmacotherapeutic candidates for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jin
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Dong J, Zhou X, Li Q, Zheng R, Chen J, Liu Y, Tong X, Wan Z, Gong T. The Advances in Phospholipids-Based Phase Separation Gels for the Sustained Release of Peptides, Proteins, and Chemotherapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:875. [PMID: 39065572 PMCID: PMC11279848 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Implantable drug delivery systems formed upon injection offer a host of advantages, including localized drug administration, sustained release, minimized side effects, and enhanced patient compliance. Among the various techniques utilized for the development of in situ forming drug implants, solvent-induced phase inversion emerges as a particularly promising approach. However, synthetic polymer-based implants have been associated with undesirable effects arising from polymer degradation. In response to this challenge, a novel category of drug delivery systems, known as phospholipids-based phase separation gels (PPSGs), has emerged. These gels, characterized by their low initial viscosity, exhibit injectability and undergo rapid transformation into in situ implants when exposed to an aqueous environment. A typical PPSG formulation comprises biodegradable components, such as phospholipids, pharmaceutical oil, and a minimal amount of ethanol. The minimized organic solvents in the composition show good biocompatibility. And the relatively simple composition holds promise for industrial-scale manufacturing. This comprehensive review provides an overview of the principles and advancements in PPSG systems, with specific emphasis on their suitability as drug delivery systems for a wide range of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), spanning from small molecules to peptides and proteins. Additionally, we explore the critical parameters and underlying principles governing the formulation of PPSG-based drug delivery strategies, offering valuable insights on optimization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.D.); (Q.L.)
| | - Xueru Zhou
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.D.); (Q.L.)
| | - Ruohui Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (R.Z.); (J.C.); (X.T.)
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (R.Z.); (J.C.); (X.T.)
| | - Yuzhe Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (R.Z.); (J.C.); (X.T.)
| | - Zhuoya Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (R.Z.); (J.C.); (X.T.)
| | - Tao Gong
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
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Bauer I, Rimbach G, Cordeiro S, Bosy-Westphal A, Weghuber J, Ipharraguerre IR, Lüersen K. A comprehensive in-vitro/ in-vivo screening toolbox for the elucidation of glucose homeostasis modulating properties of plant extracts (from roots) and its bioactives. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1396292. [PMID: 38989154 PMCID: PMC11233739 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1396292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts are increasingly recognized for their potential in modulating (postprandial) blood glucose levels. In this context, root extracts are of particular interest due to their high concentrations and often unique spectrum of plant bioactives. To identify new plant species with potential glucose-lowering activity, simple and robust methodologies are often required. For this narrative review, literature was sourced from scientific databases (primarily PubMed) in the period from June 2022 to January 2024. The regulatory targets of glucose homeostasis that could be modulated by bioactive plant compounds were used as search terms, either alone or in combination with the keyword "root extract". As a result, we present a comprehensive methodological toolbox for studying the glucose homeostasis modulating properties of plant extracts and its constituents. The described assays encompass in-vitro investigations involving enzyme inhibition (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, dipeptidyl peptidase 4), assessment of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 activity, and evaluation of glucose transporter 4 translocation. Furthermore, we describe a patch-clamp technique to assess the impact of extracts on KATP channels. While validating in-vitro findings in living organisms is imperative, we introduce two screenable in-vivo models (the hen's egg test and Drosophila melanogaster). Given that evaluation of the bioactivity of plant extracts in rodents and humans represents the current gold standard, we include approaches addressing this aspect. In summary, this review offers a systematic guide for screening plant extracts regarding their influence on key regulatory elements of glucose homeostasis, culminating in the assessment of their potential efficacy in-vivo. Moreover, application of the presented toolbox might contribute to further close the knowledge gap on the precise mechanisms of action of plant-derived compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Bauer
- Division of Food Sciences, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Division of Food Sciences, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sönke Cordeiro
- Institute of Physiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Division of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Julian Weghuber
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria
- FFoQSI—Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety & Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Ignacio R. Ipharraguerre
- Division of Food Sciences, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai Lüersen
- Division of Food Sciences, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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31
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Yang XD, Yang YY. Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Semaglutide: A Systematic Review. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:2555-2570. [PMID: 38952487 PMCID: PMC11215664 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s470826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this review was to provide all the pharmacokinetic data for semaglutide in humans concerning its pharmacokinetics after subcutaneously and oral applications in healthy and diseased populations, to provide recommendations for clinical use. Methodology The PubMed and Embase databases were searched to screen studies associated with the pharmacokinetics of semaglutide. The pharmacokinetic parameters included area under the curve plasma concentrations (AUC), maximal plasma concentration (Cmax), time to Cmax, half-life (t1/2), and clearance. The systematic literature search retrieved 17 articles including data on pharmacokinetic profiles after subcutaneously and oral applications of semaglutide, and at least one of the above pharmacokinetic parameter was reported in all included studies. Results Semaglutide has a predictable pharmacokinetic profile with a long t1/2 that allows for once-weekly subcutaneous administration. The AUC and Cmax of both oral and subcutaneous semaglutide increased with dose. Food and various dosing conditions including water volume and dosing schedules can affect the oral semaglutide exposure. There are limited drug-drug interactions and no dosing adjustments in patients with upper gastrointestinal disease, renal impairment or hepatic impairment. Body weight may affect semaglutide exposure, but further studies are needed to confirm this. Conclusion This review encompasses all the pharmacokinetic data for subcutaneous and oral semaglutide in both healthy and diseased participants. The existing pharmacokinetic data can assist in developing and evaluating pharmacokinetic models of semaglutide and will help clinicians predict semaglutide dosages. In addition, it can also help optimize future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ding Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Central of Translational Medical and Innovative Drug, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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Corrao S, Pollicino C, Maggio D, Torres A, Argano C. Tirzepatide against obesity and insulin-resistance: pathophysiological aspects and clinical evidence. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1402583. [PMID: 38978621 PMCID: PMC11228148 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1402583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial disease in which accumulated excess body fat has a negative impact on health. Obesity continues to rise among the general population, resulting in an epidemic that shows no significant signs of decline. It is directly involved in development of cardiometabolic diseases, ischemic coronary heart disease peripheral arterial disease, heart failure, and arterial hypertension, producing global morbidity and mortality. Mainly, abdominal obesity represents a crucial factor for cardiovascular illness and also the most frequent component of metabolic syndrome. Recent evidence showed that Tirzepatide (TZP), a new drug including both Glucagon Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) and Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonism, is effective in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D), lowering body weight, fat mass and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) also in obese or overweight adults without T2D. This review discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical aspects of TZP in treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Corrao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital Trust Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale ed Alta Specializzazione (ARNAS) Civico, Di Cristina, Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties. Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Pollicino
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital Trust Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale ed Alta Specializzazione (ARNAS) Civico, Di Cristina, Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy
| | - Dalila Maggio
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital Trust Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale ed Alta Specializzazione (ARNAS) Civico, Di Cristina, Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Torres
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital Trust Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale ed Alta Specializzazione (ARNAS) Civico, Di Cristina, Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy
| | - Christiano Argano
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital Trust Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale ed Alta Specializzazione (ARNAS) Civico, Di Cristina, Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy
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Bellanca CM, Augello E, Di Benedetto G, Burgaletto C, Cantone AF, Cantarella G, Bernardini R, Polosa R. A web-based scoping review assessing the influence of smoking and smoking cessation on antidiabetic drug meabolism: implications for medication efficacy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1406860. [PMID: 38957391 PMCID: PMC11217182 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1406860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently 1.3 billion individuals globally engage in smoking, leading to significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among diabetic patients. There is urgent need for a better understanding of how smoking influences antidiabetic treatment efficacy. The review underscores the role of cigarette smoke, particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in modulating the metabolic pathways of antidiabetic drugs, primarily through the induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes and uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), thus impacting drug pharmacokinetics and therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, the review addresses the relatively uncharted territory of how smoking cessation influences diabetes treatment, noting that cessation can lead to significant changes in drug metabolism, necessitating dosage adjustments. Special attention is given to the interaction between smoking cessation aids and antidiabetic medications, a critical area for patient safety and effective diabetes management. This scoping review aims to provide healthcare professionals with the knowledge to better support diabetic patients who smoke or are attempting to quit, ensuring tailored and effective treatment strategies. It also identifies gaps in current research, advocating for more studies to fill these voids, thereby enhancing patient care and treatment outcomes for this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Maria Bellanca
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Egle Augello
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Benedetto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Burgaletto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Flavia Cantone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Cantarella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Renato Bernardini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Barrett E, Ivey G, Cunningham A, Coffman G, Pemberton T, Lee C, Patra P, Day JB, Lee PHU, Shim JW. Reduced GLP-1R availability in the caudate nucleus with Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1350239. [PMID: 38915346 PMCID: PMC11194438 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1350239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists reduce glycated hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Mounting evidence indicates that the potential of GLP-1R agonists, mimicking a 30 amino acid ligand, GLP-1, extends to the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions, with a particular focus on Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism that underlies regulation of GLP-1R availability in the brain with AD remains poorly understood. Here, using whole transcriptome RNA-Seq of the human postmortem caudate nucleus with AD and chronic hydrocephalus (CH) in the elderly, we found that GLP-1R and select mRNAs expressed in glucose dysmetabolism and dyslipidemia were significantly altered. Furthermore, we detected human RNA indicating a deficiency in doublecortin (DCX) levels and the presence of ferroptosis in the caudate nucleus impacted by AD. Using the genome data viewer, we assessed mutability of GLP-1R and 39 other genes by two factors associated with high mutation rates in chromosomes of four species. Surprisingly, we identified that nucleotide sizes of GLP-1R transcript exceptionally differed in all four species of humans, chimpanzees, rats, and mice by up to 6-fold. Taken together, the protein network database analysis suggests that reduced GLP-1R in the aged human brain is associated with glucose dysmetabolism, ferroptosis, and reduced DCX+ neurons, that may contribute to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Barrett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Gabrielle Ivey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Adam Cunningham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Gary Coffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Tyera Pemberton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Chan Lee
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University Health Arnett Hospital, Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Prabir Patra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - James B. Day
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cabell Huntington Hospital and Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Peter H. U. Lee
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Southcoast Health, Fall River, MA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Joon W. Shim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
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Niu K, Fan M, Gao W, Chen C, Dai G. Adverse events in different administration routes of semaglutide: a pharmacovigilance study based on the FDA adverse event reporting system. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1414268. [PMID: 38887555 PMCID: PMC11180901 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1414268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background With the continuously increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, known for their dual benefits of effectively controlling blood glucose levels while also reducing weight and lowering cardiovascular disease risks, have been widely employed in the treatment of this condition. In recent years, semaglutide has garnered significant attention as the only injectable and orally administered glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA). However, it is important to note that different routes of administration may lead to varying adverse events in patients. The aim of this study is to compare the adverse event profiles of semaglutide across different routes of administration by analyzing the adverse event reporting system of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The findings from this analysis will provide valuable insights for clinical practice and drug surveillance. Methods Data was extracted from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, specifically focusing on the period from the fourth quarter of 2017 to the fourth quarter of 2023. A comparative analysis was conducted using disproportionality analysis, reporting odds ratio (ROR), and stratified analysis methods to assess and compare the signals of adverse events (AE) and the time to onset of adverse reactions associated with different routes of administration of semaglutide from 2017 to 2023. Results A total of 22,287 adverse reaction records related to semaglutide were identified in the FAERS database. A comparative analysis was performed on 16,346 records of subcutaneous administration and 2,496 records of oral administration. Different routes of administration can lead to varying adverse reaction outcomes. Compared to oral administration, subcutaneous injection is more likely to result in adverse events related to the endocrine system. Oral administration is more likely to induce adverse events in the gastrointestinal system. Additionally, it significantly accelerates the onset of adverse reactions. The comparative analysis of all relevant results indicates that semaglutide can lead to different adverse reaction events depending on the route of administration. Furthermore, there are significant differences in the time of onset for these adverse reactions. Conclusion Semaglutide exhibits variations in adverse reaction events and the time of onset across different routes of administration. Therefore, when selecting the route of administration for semaglutide, clinicians should consider the risk of adverse events and weigh them against the clinical benefits. Based on these considerations, appropriate guidance and recommendations can be provided to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibin Niu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Maoxia Fan
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wulin Gao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guohua Dai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Novodvorský P, Thieme L, Laňková I, Mráz M, Taybani ZJ, Bótyik B, Stella P, Vytasil M, Lauand F, Bonnemaire M, Haluzík M. The IDEAL (Insulin therapy DE-intensificAtion with iglarLixi) Randomised Controlled Trial-Study Design and Protocol. Diabetes Ther 2024; 15:1461-1471. [PMID: 38653903 PMCID: PMC11096133 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-024-01582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple daily injection insulin regimen (MDI) represents the most intensive insulin regimen used in the management of people with type 2 diabetes (PwT2D). Its efficacy regarding glycaemic control is counterbalanced by the increased risk of hypoglycaemia, frequently observed tendency to weight gain and necessity for frequent glucose monitoring. Recent introduction of novel antidiabetic medications with pleiotropic effects reaching far beyond the reduction of glycaemia (HbA1c), such as the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), has significantly widened the therapeutic options available for management of T2D. Consequently, there is currently a substantial number of PwT2D for whom the MDI regimen was initiated at a time when no other options were available. Yet, in present times, these individuals could benefit from simplified insulin regimens ideally taking advantage of the beneficial effects of the novel classes of antidiabetic medications. iGlarLixi (Suliqua®) is a once-daily fixed-ratio combination of basal insulin analogue glargine 100 U/ml and a GLP-1 RA lixisenatide. METHODS Insulin therapy DE-intensificAtion with iglarLixi (IDEAL) is a six-centre, open-label, parallel-group, active comparator, phase IV randomised controlled trial with a 24-week active treatment period examining the efficacy and safety of MDI regimen de-intensification with once-daily administration of iGlarLixi versus MDI regimen continuation in PwT2D on a backgroud therapy with metformin ± sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor. PLANNED OUTCOMES The primary objective is to compare the effects of MDI therapy de-intensification with iGlarLixi versus MDI regimen continuation regarding glycaemic control (HbA1c). Secondary objectives include detailed evaluation of the effects of MDI regimen de-intensification with iGlarLixi on glycaemic control using standardised continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics and self-monitoring of plasma glucose. Furthermore, body weight and body composition analysis, quality of life and safety profile are evaluated. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04945070.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Novodvorský
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Vídeňská 1958, 140 21, Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lenka Thieme
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Vídeňská 1958, 140 21, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Laňková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Vídeňská 1958, 140 21, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Mráz
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Vídeňská 1958, 140 21, Prague 4, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zoltán J Taybani
- First Department of Endocrinology, Dr. Réthy Pál Member Hospital, Békes County Central Hospital, Békéscsaba, Hungary
| | - Balázs Bótyik
- First Department of Endocrinology, Dr. Réthy Pál Member Hospital, Békes County Central Hospital, Békéscsaba, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin Haluzík
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Vídeňská 1958, 140 21, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Basile L, Cannarella R, Iuliano S, Calogero AE, Condorelli RA, Greco EA, Aversa A, LA Vignera S. Semaglutide and obesity: beyond the nutritional and lifestyle intervention? Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2024; 49:182-195. [PMID: 39028209 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.23.04103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Semaglutide is the second marketed glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist that can be used safely and efficiently in non-diabetic people with excess weight, providing a new milestone in the pharmacological treatment of obesity. This narrative review aims to describe the clinical actions of this new drug in weight management in non-diabetic patients along with possible side-effects and dropout reasons. To accomplish this, the PubMed database was searched to retrieve the most relevant clinical studies published to date on this topic, using the following keywords "semaglutide and obesity". Currently, semaglutide is on the market in two formulations, the once-weekly subcutaneous (s.c.) semaglutide and once-daily oral semaglutide. Data in the literature on the anti-obesity action of semaglutide are available for both routes of administration of the drug, with a prevalence of studies using the s.c. one. However, given its dosage, oral semaglutide may provide greater attractiveness and better treatment adherence, but further research is needed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Basile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stefano Iuliano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy -
| | - Sandro LA Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Mizubuti GB, Ho AMH, Silva LMD, Phelan R. Perioperative management of patients on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2024; 37:323-333. [PMID: 38390914 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000001348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the mechanism of action, clinical outcomes, and perioperative implications of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RAs). Specifically, this review focuses on the available literature surrounding complications (primarily, bronchoaspiration) and current recommendations, as well as knowledge gaps and future research directions on the perioperative management of GLP-1-RAs. RECENT FINDINGS GLP-1-RAs are known to delay gastric emptying. Accordingly, recent case reports and retrospective observational studies, while anecdotal, suggest that the perioperative use of GLP-1-RAs may increase the risk of bronchoaspiration despite fasting intervals that comply with (and often exceed) current guidelines. As a result, guidelines and safety bulletins have been published by several Anesthesiology Societies. SUMMARY While rapidly emerging evidence suggests that perioperative GLP-1-RAs use is associated with delayed gastric emptying and increased risk of bronchoaspiration (particularly in patients undergoing general anesthesia and/or deep sedation), high-quality studies are needed to provide definitive answers with respect to the safety and duration of preoperative drug cessation, and optimal fasting intervals according to the specific GLP-1-RA agent, the dose/duration of administration, and patient-specific factors. Meanwhile, clinicians must be aware of the potential risks associated with the perioperative use of GLP-1-RAs and follow the recommendations put forth by their respective Anesthesiology Societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenio B Mizubuti
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony M-H Ho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leopoldo Muniz da Silva
- Department of Anesthesiology, São Luiz Hospital - Rede D'Or - CMA, Rua Alceu de Campos Rodrigues, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rachel Phelan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Xiao X, Zhang L, Ni M, Liu X, Xing L, Wu L, Zhou Z, Li L, Wen J, Huang Y. Enhanced oral and pulmonary delivery of biomacromolecules via amplified transporter targeting. J Control Release 2024; 370:152-167. [PMID: 38641020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Ligand-modified nanocarriers can promote oral or inhalative administration of macromolecular drugs across the intestinal or pulmonary mucosa. However, enhancing the unidirectional transport of the nanocarriers through "apical uptake→intracellular transport→basolateral exocytosis" route remains a hot topic and challenge in current research. Forskolin is a naturally occurring diterpenoid compound extracted from the roots of C. forskohlii. In our studies, we found that forskolin could increase the transcellular transport of butyrate-modified nanoparticles by 1.67-fold and 1.20-fold in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell models and Calu-3 lung epithelial cell models, respectively. Further mechanistic studies revealed that forskolin, on the one hand, promoted the cellular uptake of butyrate-modified nanoparticles by upregulating the expression of monocarboxylic acid transporter-1 (MCT-1) on the apical membrane. On the other hand, forskolin facilitated the binding of MCT-1 to caveolae, thereby mediating butyrate-modified nanoparticles hijacking caveolae to promote the basolateral exocytosis of butyrate-modified nanoparticles. Studies in normal mice model showed that forskolin could promote the transmucosal absorption of butyrate-modified nanoparticles by >2-fold, regardless of oral or inhalative administration. Using semaglutide as the model drug, both oral and inhalation delivery approaches demonstrated significant hypoglycemic effects in type 2 diabetes mice model, in which inhalative administration was more effective than oral administration. This study optimized the strategies aimed at enhancing the transmucosal absorption of ligand-modified nanocarriers in the intestinal or pulmonary mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Lie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Mingjie Ni
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Liyun Xing
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Licheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Lian Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Jingyuan Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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Li Y, Lou N, Liu X, Zhuang X, Chen S. Exploring new mechanisms of Imeglimin in diabetes treatment: Amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116755. [PMID: 38772155 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it has become critical to identify effective treatment strategies. In recent years, the novel oral hypoglycaemic drug Imeglimin has attracted much attention in the field of diabetes treatment. The mechanisms of its therapeutic action are complex and are not yet fully understood by current research. Current evidence suggests that pancreatic β-cells, liver, and skeletal muscle are the main organs in which Imeglimin lowers blood glucose levels and that it acts mainly by targeting mitochondrial function, thereby inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis, enhancing insulin sensitivity, promoting pancreatic β-cell function, and regulating energy metabolism. There is growing evidence that the drug also has a potentially volatile role in the treatment of diabetic complications, including metabolic cardiomyopathy, diabetic vasculopathy, and diabetic neuroinflammation. According to available clinical studies, its efficacy and safety profile are more evident than other hypoglycaemic agents, and it has synergistic effects when combined with other antidiabetic drugs, and also has potential in the treatment of T2DM-related complications. This review aims to shed light on the latest research progress in the treatment of T2DM with Imeglimin, thereby providing clinicians and researchers with the latest insights into Imeglimin as a viable option for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Nenngjun Lou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Xianghua Zhuang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China; Multidisciplinary Innovation Center for Nephrology of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China.
| | - Shihong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China; Multidisciplinary Innovation Center for Nephrology of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China.
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Sen S, Potnuru PP, Hernandez N, Goehl C, Praestholm C, Sridhar S, Nwokolo OO. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use and Residual Gastric Content Before Anesthesia. JAMA Surg 2024; 159:660-667. [PMID: 38446466 PMCID: PMC10918573 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2024.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Importance Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) use is rapidly increasing in the US, driven by its expanded approval for weight management in addition to hyperglycemia management in patients with type 2 diabetes. The perioperative safety of these medications, particularly with aspiration risk under anesthesia, is uncertain. Objective To assess the association between GLP-1 RA use and prevalence of increased residual gastric content (RGC), a major risk factor for aspiration under anesthesia, using gastric ultrasonography. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study prospectively enrolled patients from a large, tertiary, university-affiliated hospital from June 6 through July 12, 2023. Participants followed preprocedural fasting guidelines before an elective procedure under anesthesia. Patients with altered gastric anatomy (eg, from previous gastric surgery), pregnancy, recent trauma (<1 month), or an inability to lie in the right lateral decubitus position for gastric ultrasonography were excluded. Exposure Use of a once-weekly GLP-1 RA. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the presence of increased RGC, defined by the presence of solids, thick liquids, or more than 1.5 mL/kg of clear liquids on gastric ultrasonography. Analysis was adjusted for confounders using augmented inverse probability of treatment weighting, a propensity score-based technique. Secondarily, the association between the duration of drug interruption and the prevalence of increased RGC was explored. Results Among the 124 participants (median age, 56 years [IQR, 46-65 years]; 75 [60%] female), the prevalence of increased RGC was 56% (35 of 62) in patients with GLP-1 RA use (exposure group) compared with 19% (12 of 62) in patients who were not taking a GLP-1 RA drug (control group). After adjustment for confounding, GLP-1 RA use was associated with a 30.5% (95% CI, 9.9%-51.2%) higher prevalence of increased RGC (adjusted prevalence ratio, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.23-4.97). There was no association between the duration of GLP-1 RA interruption and the prevalence of increased RGC (adjusted odds ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.65-1.14). Conclusions and Relevance Use of a GLP-1 RA was independently associated with increased RGC on preprocedural gastric ultrasonography. The findings suggest that the preprocedural fasting duration suggested by current guidelines may be inadequate in this group of patients at increased risk of aspiration under anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Sen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Paul P. Potnuru
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Nadia Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Christina Goehl
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Caroline Praestholm
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Srikanth Sridhar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Omonele O. Nwokolo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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Lv Q, Yang Y, Lv Y, Wu Q, Hou X, Li L, Ye X, Yang C, Wang S. Long-term effects of different hypoglycemic drugs on carotid intima-media thickness progression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1403606. [PMID: 38883606 PMCID: PMC11176463 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1403606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The progression of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) can partially predict the occurrence of future cardiovascular events. This network meta-analysis compared the effects of 14 antidiabetic drugs (acarbose, alogliptin, exenatide, glibenclamide, glimepiride, ipragliflozin, metformin, nateglinide, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, sitagliptin, tofoglifozin, troglitazone, voglibose) on the progression of cIMT. Method PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched to screen all clinical trials of treatment of cIMT with hypoglycemic agents before March 1, 2024. The differences in the changes in cIMT between the treatment group and control group were evaluated. Result After screening 8395 citations, 25 studies (6675 patients) were included. The results indicated that exenatide had the best efficacy in slowing down cIMT progress, and exenatide [MD=-0.13,95%CI (-0.25, -0.01)], alogliptin [MD=-0.08,95%CI (-0.13, -0.02)] and metformin [MD=-0.05, 95%CI (-0.09, -0.02)] are more effective than placebo. Conclusion Long-term treatment of exenatide, alogliptin, and metformin may be more effective than other hypoglycemic drugs in slowing the progression of cIMT. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42024519474.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Lv
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingtian Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Lv
- School of Management, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzheng Hou
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiao Ye
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyan Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shihan Wang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ibrahim SS, Ibrahim RS, Arabi B, Brockmueller A, Shakibaei M, Büsselberg D. The effect of GLP-1R agonists on the medical triad of obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-024-10192-9. [PMID: 38801466 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have garnered significant attention for their therapeutic potential in addressing the interconnected health challenges of diabetes, obesity, and cancer. The role of GLP-1R in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is highlighted, emphasizing its pivotal contribution to glucose homeostasis, promoting β-cell proliferation, and facilitating insulin release. GLP-1R agonists have effectively managed obesity by reducing hunger, moderating food intake, and regulating body weight. Beyond diabetes and obesity, GLP-1R agonists exhibit a multifaceted impact on cancer progression across various malignancies. The mechanisms underlying these effects involve the modulation of signaling pathways associated with cell growth, survival, and metabolism. However, the current literature reveals a lack of in vivo studies on specific GLP-1R agonists such as semaglutide, necessitating further research to elucidate its precise mechanisms and effects, particularly in cancer. While other GLP-1R agonists have shown promising outcomes in mitigating cancer progression, the association between some GLP-1R agonists and an increased risk of cancer remains a topic requiring more profound investigation. This calls for more extensive research to unravel the intricate relationships between the GLP-1R agonist and different cancers, providing valuable insights for clinicians and researchers alike.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Batoul Arabi
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, 24144, Qatar
| | - Aranka Brockmueller
- Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, 24144, Qatar.
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Tao Y, Peng F, Wang L, Sun J, Ding Y, Xiong S, Tenzin U, MiMa, Nhamdriel T, Fan G. Ji-Ni-De-Xie ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus by modulating the bile acids metabolism and FXR/FGF15 signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1383896. [PMID: 38835663 PMCID: PMC11148236 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1383896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Ji-Ni-De-Xie (JNDX) is a traditional herbal preparation in China. It is widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in traditional Tibetan medicine system. However, its antidiabetic mechanisms have not been elucidated. The aim of this study is to elucidate the underlying mechanism of JNDX on bile acids (BAs) metabolism and FXR/FGF15 signaling pathway in T2DM rats. Methods: High-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-QQQ-MS) and UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS technology were used to identify the constituents in JNDX. High-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (45 mg∙kg-1) (STZ) was used to establish a T2DM rat model, and the levels of fasting blood-glucose (FBG), glycosylated serum protein (GSP), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), LPS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were measured to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of JNDX. In addition, metagenomic analysis was performed to detect changes in gut microbiota. The metabolic profile of BAs was analyzed by HPLC-QQQ-MS. Moreover, the protein and mRNA expressions of FXR and FGF15 in the colon and the protein expressions of FGF15 and CYP7A1 in the liver of T2DM rats were measured by western blot and RT-qPCR. Results: A total of 12 constituents were identified by HPLC-QQQ-MS in JNDX. Furthermore, 45 chemical components in serum were identified from JNDX via UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS technology, including 22 prototype components and 23 metabolites. Using a T2DM rat model, we found that JNDX (0.083, 0.165 and 0.33 g/kg) reduced the levels of FBG, GSP, HOMA-IR, LPS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, TG, TC, and LDL-C, and increased ISI and HDL-C levels in T2DM rats. Metagenomic results demonstrated that JNDX treatment effectively improved gut microbiota dysbiosis, including altering some bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus and Bacteroides) associated with BAs metabolism. Additionally, JNDX improved BAs disorder in T2DM rats, especially significantly increasing cholic acid (CA) levels and decreasing ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) levels. Moreover, the protein and mRNA expressions of FXR and FGF15 of T2DM rats were significantly increased, while the expression of CYP7A1 protein in the liver was markedly inhibited by JNDX. Discussion: JNDX can effectively improve insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and inflammation in T2DM rats. The mechanism is related to its regulation of BAs metabolism and activation of FXR/FGF15 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuangfeng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ugen Tenzin
- Dege County Tibetan Hospital (Institute of Tibetan Medicine), Dege, China
| | - MiMa
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, University of Tibetan Medicine, Lhasa, China
| | - Tsedien Nhamdriel
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, University of Tibetan Medicine, Lhasa, China
| | - Gang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, China
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Abdullah bin Ahmed I. A Comprehensive Review on Weight Gain following Discontinuation of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Obesity. J Obes 2024; 2024:8056440. [PMID: 38765635 PMCID: PMC11101251 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8056440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is considered the leading public health problem in the medical sector. The phenotype includes overweight conditions that lead to several other comorbidities that drastically decrease health. Glucagon-like receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) initially designed for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) had demonstrated weight loss benefits in several clinical trials. In vivo studies showed that GLP-1RA encourages reduced food consumption and consequent weight reduction by stimulating brown fat and enhancing energy outlay through the action of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) pathways. Additionally, GLP-1RAs were found to regulate food intake through stimulation of sensory neurons in the vagus, interaction with the hypothalamus and hindbrain, and through inflammation and intestinal microbiota. However, the main concern with the use of GLP-1RA treatment was weight gain after withdrawal or discontinuation. We could identify three different ways that could lead to weight gain. Potential factors might include temporary hormonal adjustment in response to weight reduction, the central nervous system's (CNS) incompetence in regulating weight augmentation owing to the lack of GLP-1RA, and β-cell malfunction due to sustained exposure to GLP-1RA. Here, we also review the data from clinical studies that reported withdrawal symptoms. Although the use of GLP-1RA could be beneficial in multiple ways, withdrawal after years has the symptoms reversed. Clinical studies should emphasize the downside of these views we highlighted, and mechanistic studies must be carried out for a better outcome with GLP-1RA from the laboratory to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abdullah bin Ahmed
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Natale F, Luisi E, Franzese R, Mollo N, Solimene A, Caso VM, Corvino A, Golino P, Cimmino G. Semaglutide in Cardiometabolic Diseases: SELECTing the Target Population. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:145. [PMID: 38786967 PMCID: PMC11122593 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11050145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the main cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite the tremendous improvement in pharmacological, minimally invasive and rehabilitative strategies, global deaths due to cardiovascular diseases are still increasing. Additional risk factors have been recently proposed, and thanks to scientific progress, novel drugs for the control of the main risk factors focusing on the cardiometabolic pathways have been identified. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists represent an innovative step in the management of patients affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to their significant efficacy on glycemic homeostasis, some members of this class of drugs have indications in the treatment of obesity. Furthermore, accumulated evidence in the literature has finally suggested a protective role in cardiovascular health. The possible role of GLP-1R agonist drugs (GLP-1RAs) on the mechanisms underlying chronic inflammation and the almost ubiquitous distribution of GLP-1 receptors could explain the enormous versatility of these drugs. Semaglutide is a GLP-1RA recently proven to be effective in cardiovascular outcomes. In the present article, we will review the available data on semaglutide in light of the most recent publications to better characterize the target population achieving cardiovascular benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Natale
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (P.G.)
| | - Ettore Luisi
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (P.G.)
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Franzese
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (P.G.)
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Noemi Mollo
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (P.G.)
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Achille Solimene
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (P.G.)
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Maria Caso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Pharmacy Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Golino
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (P.G.)
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Cardiology Unit, AOU Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Simms-Williams N, Treves N, Yin H, Lu S, Yu O, Pradhan R, Renoux C, Suissa S, Azoulay L. Effect of combination treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on incidence of cardiovascular and serious renal events: population based cohort study. BMJ 2024; 385:e078242. [PMID: 38663919 PMCID: PMC11043905 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-078242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the combined use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors is associated with a decreased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and serious renal events compared with either drug class alone among patients with type 2 diabetes, and to assess the effect of the combination on the individual components of major adverse cardiovascular events, heart failure, and all cause mortality. DESIGN Population based cohort study using a prevalent new-user design, emulating a trial. SETTING UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care and Office for National Statistics databases. PARTICIPANTS Two prevalent new-user cohorts were assembled between January 2013 and December 2020, with follow-up until the end of March 2021. The first cohort included 6696 patients who started GLP-1 receptor agonists and added on SGLT-2 inhibitors, and the second included 8942 patients who started SGLT-2 inhibitors and added on GLP-1 receptor agonists. Combination users were matched, in a 1:1 ratio, to patients prescribed the same background drug, duration of background drug, and time conditional propensity score. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of major adverse cardiovascular events and serious renal events, separately, comparing the GLP-1 receptor agonist-SGLT-2 inhibitor combination with the background drug, either GLP-1 receptor agonists or SGLT-2 inhibitors, depending on the cohort. Secondary outcomes included associations with the individual components of major adverse cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, cardiovascular mortality), heart failure, and all cause mortality. RESULTS Compared with GLP-1 receptor agonists, the SGLT-2 inhibitor-GLP-1 receptor agonist combination was associated with a 30% lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (7.0 v 10.3 events per 1000 person years; hazard ratio 0.70, 95% confidence interval 0.49 to 0.99) and a 57% lower risk of serious renal events (2.0 v 4.6 events per 1000 person years; hazard ratio 0.43, 0.23 to 0.80). Compared with SGLT-2 inhibitors, the GLP-1 receptor agonist-SGLT-2 inhibitor combination was associated with a 29% lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (7.6 v 10.7 events per 1000 person years; hazard ratio 0.71, 0.52 to 0.98), whereas serious renal events generated a wide confidence interval (1.4 v 2.0 events per 1000 person years; hazard ratio 0.67, 0.32 to 1.41). Secondary outcomes generated similar results but with wider confidence intervals. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort study, the GLP-1 receptor agonist-SGLT-2 inhibitor combination was associated with a lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and serious renal events compared with either drug class alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Simms-Williams
- Institute of Applied Health Research College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nir Treves
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hui Yin
- Institute of Applied Health Research College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sally Lu
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Oriana Yu
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richeek Pradhan
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christel Renoux
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Samy Suissa
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurent Azoulay
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Lin Y, Zeng H, Lin J, Peng Y, Que X, Wang L, Chen L, Bai N. Evaluating the therapeutic potential of moxibustion on polycystic ovary syndrome: a rat model study on gut microbiota and metabolite interaction. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1328741. [PMID: 38665877 PMCID: PMC11043641 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1328741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common systemic disorder related to endocrine disorders, affecting the fertility of women of childbearing age. It is associated with glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, altered gut microbiota, and insulin resistance. Modern treatments like pioglitazone, metformin, and spironolactone target specific symptoms of PCOS, while in Chinese medicine, moxibustion is a common treatment. This study explores moxibustion's impact on PCOS by establishing a dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS rat model. Thirty-six specific pathogen-free female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: a normal control group (CTRL), a PCOS model group (PCOS), a moxibustion treatment group (MBT), and a metformin treatment group (MET). The MBT rats received moxibustion, and the MET rats underwent metformin gavage for two weeks. We evaluated ovarian tissue changes, serum testosterone, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and fasting insulin levels. Additionally, we calculated the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). We used 16S rDNA sequencing for assessing the gut microbiota, 1H NMR spectroscopy for evaluating metabolic changes, and Spearman correlation analysis for investigating the associations between metabolites and gut microbiota composition. The results indicate that moxibustion therapy significantly ameliorated ovarian dysfunction and insulin resistance in DHEA-induced PCOS rats. We observed marked differences in the composition of gut microbiota and the spectrum of fecal metabolic products between CTRL and PCOS rats. Intriguingly, following moxibustion intervention, these differences were largely diminished, demonstrating the regulatory effect of moxibustion on gut microbiota. Specifically, moxibustion altered the gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of UCG-005 and Turicibacter, as well as decreasing the abundance of Desulfovibrio. Concurrently, we also noted that moxibustion promoted an increase in levels of short-chain fatty acids (including acetate, propionate, and butyrate) associated with the gut microbiota of PCOS rats, further emphasizing its positive impact on gut microbes. Additionally, moxibustion also exhibited effects in lowering FBG, testosterone, and fasting insulin levels, which are key biochemical indicators associated with PCOS and insulin resistance. Therefore, these findings suggest that moxibustion could alleviate DHEA-induced PCOS by regulating metabolic levels, restoring balance in gut microbiota, and modulating interactions between gut microbiota and host metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Specialty Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huiling Zeng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jieying Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yiwei Peng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyun Que
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ni Bai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Specialty Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, China
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Maejima Y, Yokota S, Hidema S, Nishimori K, de Wet H, Shimomura K. Systemic Co-Administration of Low-Dose Oxytocin and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Additively Decreases Food Intake and Body Weight. Neuroendocrinology 2024; 114:639-657. [PMID: 38599201 DOI: 10.1159/000538792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GLP-1 receptor agonists are the number one drug prescribed for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. These drugs are not, however, without side effects, and in an effort to maximize therapeutic effect while minimizing adverse effects, gut hormone co-agonists received considerable attention as new drug targets in the fight against obesity. Numerous previous reports identified the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) as a promising anti-obesity drug. The aims of this study were to evaluate OXT as a possible co-agonist for GLP-1 and examine the effects of its co-administration on food intake (FI) and body weight (BW) in mice. METHODS FI and c-Fos levels were measured in the feeding centers of the brain in response to an intraperitoneal injection of saline, OXT, GLP-1, or OXT/GLP-1. The action potential frequency and cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in response to OXT, GLP-1, or OXT/GLP-1 were measured in ex vivo paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neuronal cultures. Finally, FI and BW changes were compared in diet-induced obese mice treated with saline, OXT, GLP-1, or OXT/GLP-1 for 13 days. RESULTS Single injection of OXT/GLP-1 additively decreased FI and increased c-Fos expression specifically in the PVN and supraoptic nucleus. Seventy percent of GLP-1 receptor-positive neurons in the PVN also expressed OXT receptors, and OXT/GLP-1 co-administration dramatically increased firing and [Ca2+]i in the PVN OXT neurons. The chronic OXT/GLP-1 co-administration decreased BW without changing FI. CONCLUSION Chronic OXT/GLP-1 co-administration decreases BW, possibly via the activation of PVN OXT neurons. OXT might be a promising candidate as an incretin co-agonist in obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Maejima
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Departments of Obesity and Inflammation Research, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shoko Yokota
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shizu Hidema
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Nishimori
- Departments of Obesity and Inflammation Research, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Heidi de Wet
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kenju Shimomura
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Departments of Obesity and Inflammation Research, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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Gatta-Cherifi B, Mohammedi K, Cariou T, Poitou C, Touraine P, Raverot G, Brue T, Chanson P, Illouz F, Grunenwald S, Chabre O, Sonnet E, Cuny T, Bertherat J, Czernichow S, Frison E, Tabarin A. Impact of exenatide on weight loss and eating behavior in adults with craniopharyngioma-related obesity: the CRANIOEXE randomized placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 190:257-265. [PMID: 38450721 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE A major issue in the management of craniopharyngioma-related obesity (CRO) is the ineffectiveness of the current therapeutic approaches. OBJECTIVE To study the efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs compared with placebo in adults with obesity CRO. DESIGN A double-blind multicenter superiority randomized clinical in trial in two parallel arms. SETTING Eleven French University Hospital Centers. PARTICIPANTS Adults with CRO (body mass index > 30 kg/m²) without the sign of recurrence of craniopharyngioma in the past year. INTERVENTIONS Exenatide or placebo injected subcutaneously twice a day during 26 weeks. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was the mean change in body weight at week 26 in the intention-to-treat population. Secondary outcomes were eating behavior, calories intake, energy expenditure, cardiovascular, metabolic risk factor, quality of life, and the tolerance profile. RESULTS At week 26, weight decreased from baseline by a mean of -3.8 (SD 4.3) kg for exenatide and -1.6 (3.8) kg for placebo. The adjusted mean treatment difference was -3.1 kg (95% confidence interval [CI] -7.0 to 0.7, P = 0.11). Results were compatible with a higher reduction of hunger score with exenatide compared with placebo (estimated treatment difference in change from baseline to week 26: -2.3, 95% CI -4.5 to -0.2), while all other outcomes did not significantly differ between groups. Adverse events were more common with exenatide versus placebo, and occurred in, respectively, 19 (95%) participants (108 events) and 14 (70%) participants (54 events). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Combined with intensive lifestyle interventions, a 26-week treatment with exenatide was not demonstrated superior to placebo to treat craniopharyngioma-related obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Gatta-Cherifi
- CHU Bordeaux, Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Hopital Haut Lévêque Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, Nutrition, 33604 Pessac, France
- Neurocentre Magendie, Equipe «physiopathologie de la balance énergétique et obésité» INSERMU1215, Université de Bordeaux, 3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Kamel Mohammedi
- CHU Bordeaux, Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Hopital Haut Lévêque Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, Nutrition, 33604 Pessac, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Tanguy Cariou
- CHU Bordeaux, Service d'information médicale, Bordeaux 33000, France
| | - Christine Poitou
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de référence Maladies Rares (PRADORT, Syndrome de Prader-Willi et autres formes rares d'obésité avec troubles du comportement alimentaire), Service de Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, NutriOmics Research Unit, 75013 Paris, France
- ENDO-ERN (European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions)
| | - Philippe Touraine
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Centre de Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Sorbonne Université, Faculté de médecine, 75013 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Gerald Raverot
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, "Groupement Hospitalier Est," Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de L'hypophyse HYPO, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Thierry Brue
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital de la Conception, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'hypophyse HYPO, 13005 Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Institut Marseille Maladies Rares (MarMaRa), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Chanson
- Université Paris Saclay, INSERM Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de paris, Hopital Bicêtre, Service d'endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Frédéric Illouz
- CHU Angers, Département d'Endocrinology, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de L'hypophyse, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Solange Grunenwald
- CHU Toulouse, Service d'endocrinologie, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de L'hypophyse, Centre de référence Maladies Rares PRADORT, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Chabre
- Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 1292 INSERM-CEA-UGA, Endocrinologie CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuel Sonnet
- CHRU Brest, Service diabétologie-endocrinologie, 29000 Brest, France
| | - Thomas Cuny
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Institut Marseille Maladies Rares (MarMaRa), 13005 Marseille, France
- Université Paris Saclay, INSERM Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de paris, Hopital Bicêtre, Service d'endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jerôme Bertherat
- Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Cochin, Reference and Competence Center Rare Adrenal Diseases and for Rare Pituitary Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Czernichow
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Service de Nutrition, Centre Spécialisé Obésité, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Eric Frison
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de référence Maladies Rares (PRADORT, Syndrome de Prader-Willi et autres formes rares d'obésité avec troubles du comportement alimentaire), Service de Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Tabarin
- CHU Bordeaux, Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Hopital Haut Lévêque Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, Nutrition, 33604 Pessac, France
- Neurocentre Magendie, Equipe «physiopathologie de la balance énergétique et obésité» INSERMU1215, Université de Bordeaux, 3300 Bordeaux, France
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