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Zhang J, Ouyang H, Gu X, Dong S, Lu B, Huang Z, Li J, Ji L. Caffeic acid ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease via alleviating oxidative damage and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes through activating Nrf2 via targeting Keap1. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 224:352-365. [PMID: 39209138 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the past, encompasses a range of liver pathological conditions marked by the excessive lipid accumulation. Consumption of coffee is closely associated with the reduced risk of MASLD. Caffeic acid (CA), a key active ingredient in coffee, exhibits notable hepatoprotective properties. This study aims to investigate the improvement of CA on MASLD and the engaged mechanism. Mice underwent a 12-week high-fat diet (HFD) regimen to induce MASLD, and liver pathology was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and oil red O (ORO) staining. Hepatic inflammation was evaluated by F4/80 and Ly6G immunohistochemistry (IHC) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) measurement. Pathways and transcription factors relevant to MASLD were analyzed by using microarray data from patients' livers. Oxidative damage was evaluated by detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP), cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) were used to validate the binding between CA and its target protein. CA significantly alleviated liver damage, steatosis and inflammatory injury, and reduced the elevated NAFLD activity score (NAS) in HFD-fed mice. Clinical data indicate that fatty acid metabolism and ROS generation are pivotal in MASLD progression. CA increased the expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) and β-Klotho (KLB), and promoted fatty acid consumption. Additionally, CA mitigated oxidative stress injury and activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). In primary hepatocytes isolated from Nrf2 knockout mice, CA's promotion on FGF21 release and inhibition on oxidative stress and lipotoxicity was disappeared. CA could directly bind to kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) that is an Nrf2 inhibitor protein. This study suggests that CA alleviates MASLD by reducing hepatic lipid accumulation, lipotoxicity and oxidative damage through activating Nrf2 via binding to Keap1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hao Ouyang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Department of Hepatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xinnan Gu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shiyuan Dong
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bin Lu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhenlin Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210009, China; Technology Center of Jinling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Lili Ji
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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L'homme L, Sermikli BP, Haas JT, Fleury S, Quemener S, Guinot V, Barreby E, Esser N, Caiazzo R, Verkindt H, Legendre B, Raverdy V, Cheval L, Paquot N, Piette J, Legrand-Poels S, Aouadi M, Pattou F, Staels B, Dombrowicz D. Adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and hepatocyte stress increase GDF-15 throughout development of obesity to MASH. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7173. [PMID: 39169003 PMCID: PMC11339436 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasma growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) levels increase with obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) but the underlying mechanism remains poorly defined. Using male mouse models of obesity and MASLD, and biopsies from carefully-characterized patients regarding obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and MASLD status, we identify adipose tissue (AT) as the key source of GDF-15 at onset of obesity and T2D, followed by liver during the progression towards metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Obesity and T2D increase GDF15 expression in AT through the accumulation of macrophages, which are the main immune cells expressing GDF15. Inactivation of Gdf15 in macrophages reduces plasma GDF-15 concentrations and exacerbates obesity in mice. During MASH development, Gdf15 expression additionally increases in hepatocytes through stress-induced TFEB and DDIT3 signaling. Together, these results demonstrate a dual contribution of AT and liver to GDF-15 production in metabolic diseases and identify potential therapeutic targets to raise endogenous GDF-15 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent L'homme
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France.
| | - Benan Pelin Sermikli
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Joel T Haas
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Fleury
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sandrine Quemener
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Valentine Guinot
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Emelie Barreby
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Esser
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism and Nutrition, GIGA-I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Medicine, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Robert Caiazzo
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190-EGID (Translational research in Diabetes), Lille, France
| | - Hélène Verkindt
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190-EGID (Translational research in Diabetes), Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Legendre
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190-EGID (Translational research in Diabetes), Lille, France
| | - Violeta Raverdy
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190-EGID (Translational research in Diabetes), Lille, France
| | - Lydie Cheval
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physiologie Rénale et Tubulopathies, Paris, France
- CNRS EMR 8228-Unité Métabolisme et Physiologie Rénale, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Paquot
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism and Nutrition, GIGA-I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Medicine, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jacques Piette
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA-Signal Transduction, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Legrand-Poels
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism and Nutrition, GIGA-I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - François Pattou
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190-EGID (Translational research in Diabetes), Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - David Dombrowicz
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France.
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Minato-Inokawa S, Tsuboi-Kaji A, Honda M, Takeuchi M, Kitaoka K, Kurata M, Wu B, Kazumi T, Fukuo K. The different associations of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase and alanine aminotransferase with insulin secretion, β-cell function, and insulin resistance in non-obese Japanese. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19234. [PMID: 39164380 PMCID: PMC11336068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the associations of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), a marker of fatty liver and oxidative stress, and ALT/AST, a marker of fatty liver, with percentage trunk fat and postload glucose, insulin resistance, and β-cell function in middle-aged Japanese individuals, whose BMI averaged < 23.0 kg/m2. Pancreatic β-cell function was assessed using the disposition index calculated by a product of the insulinogenic index (IGI) and Matsuda insulin sensitivity index, a biomarker of early-phase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and whole-body insulin sensitivity, respectively. Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that the disposition index was associated inversely with GGT independently of percentage trunk fat, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), a marker of insulin resistance, and Matsuda index. When IGI was included instead of the disposition index, IGI (inversely) and HOMA-IR were associated with GGT independently of percentage trunk fat and Matsuda index. When the area under the glucose concentration curve (AUCg) during an oral glucose tolerance test was included instead of the disposition index, AUCg and HOMA-IR emerged as independent determinants of GGT. ALT/AST was associated with HOMA-IR alone. Results suggest a different pathophysiologic basis between GGT and ALT/AST in predicting diabetic risk in non-obese Japanese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Minato-Inokawa
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8558, Japan
- Laboratory of Community Health and Nutrition, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tsuboi-Kaji
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8558, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Honda
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mika Takeuchi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8558, Japan
| | - Kaori Kitaoka
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8558, Japan
- Department of Advanced Epidemiology, Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Miki Kurata
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8558, Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Bin Wu
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tsutomu Kazumi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8558, Japan.
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
- Department of Medicine, Kohan Kakogawa Hospital, Kakogawa, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Fukuo
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8558, Japan
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Yang SR, Chen L, Luo D, Wang YY, Liang FX. Unlocking the potential: How acupuncture reshapes the liver-centered lipid metabolism pattern to fight obesity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024:S2095-4964(24)00374-1. [PMID: 39209583 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2024.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Obesity, a widespread global health issue, is frequently linked to disrupted lipid metabolism, resulting in excessive accumulation of adipose tissue and associated health complications. Acupuncture, a traditional Chinese medical modality, has exhibited potential as a viable intervention for addressing obesity. The underlying mechanism proposed involves the stimulation of specific acupoints to exert a regulatory influence on hepatic function. The liver has a central role in lipid metabolism, including processes such as lipid synthesis, storage and distribution. Acupuncture is believed to enhance the liver's efficiency in processing lipids, thereby reducing lipid accumulation and improving metabolic functions. Research indicates that acupuncture can influence the expression of certain genes and proteins involved in lipid metabolism in the liver. This includes upregulating genes that promote lipid breakdown and oxidation, and downregulating those involved in lipid synthesis. Additionally, acupuncture has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, which is crucial for the regulation of lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the potential anti-inflammatory effects of acupuncture may play a significant role in its efficacy for the treatment of obesity. The presence of chronic inflammation has been strongly associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity. Through its ability to mitigate inflammation, acupuncture can potentially aid in the restoration of lipid metabolism and the reduction of body weight. Moreover, the amelioration of hepatic oxidative stress represents another mechanism by which acupuncture may contribute to the reduction of lipid deposition. Notably, the liver, being the primary site of lipid metabolism, maintains communication with various organs including the brain, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and intestines. This perspective opens new avenues for the treatment of obesity, emphasizing the importance of holistic approaches in managing complex metabolic disorders. Please cite this article as: Yang SR, Chen L, Luo D, Wang YY, Liang FX. Unlocking the potential: How acupuncture reshapes the liver-centered lipid metabolism pattern to fight obesity. J Integr Med. 2024; Epub ahead of print.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Rui Yang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China; Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China; Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dan Luo
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China; Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ya-Yuan Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China; Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China
| | - Feng-Xia Liang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China; Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China; Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine (Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China.
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He S, Lu S, Yu C, Kuang M, Qiu J, Sheng G, Zou Y. The newly proposed plasma-glycosylated hemoglobin A1c/High-Density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio serves as a simple and practical indicator for screening metabolic associated fatty liver disease: an observational study based on a physical examination population. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:274. [PMID: 39160462 PMCID: PMC11331873 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycotoxicity and lipotoxicity are key pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The primary objective of this study is to investigate the association between the newly proposed Plasma-Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio (HbA1c/HDL-C ratio) and the risk of MAFLD. METHODS A study population of 14,251 individuals undergoing health examinations was included. The association between the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio and MAFLD was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis. Exploratory analyses were conducted to assess variations in this association across subgroups stratified by gender, age, body mass index (BMI), exercise habits, drinking status, and smoking status. The discriminatory value of the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio and its components for screening MAFLD was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS A total of 1,982 (13.91%) subjects were diagnosed with MAFLD. After adjusting for confounding factors, we found a significant positive association between the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio and MAFLD [odds ratio (OR) 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25, 1.44]. No significant differences in this association were observed across all subgroups (All P for interaction > 0.05). Furthermore, through RCS analysis, we observed a nonlinear positive correlation between the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio and MAFLD (P for non-linearity < 0.001), with a potential threshold effect point (approximately 3 for the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio). Beyond this threshold point, the slope of the MAFLD prevalence curve increased rapidly. Additionally, in further ROC analysis, we found that for the identification of MAFLD, the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio was significantly superior to HbA1c and HDL-C, with an area under the curve (AUC) and optimal threshold of 0.81 and 4.08, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the newly proposed HbA1c/HDL-C ratio serves as a simple and practical indicator for assessing MAFLD, exhibiting well-discriminatory performance in screening for MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming He
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Song Lu
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Changhui Yu
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Maobin Kuang
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jiajun Qiu
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Guotai Sheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Yang Zou
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Soto Sauza KA, Ryan KK. FGF21 mediating the Sex-dependent Response to Dietary Macronutrients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e1689-e1696. [PMID: 38801670 PMCID: PMC11319005 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Sex is key variable influencing body composition and substrate utilization. At rest, females maintain greater adiposity than males and resist the mobilization of fat. Males maintain greater lean muscle mass and mobilize fat readily. Determining the mechanisms that direct these sex-dependent effects is important for both reproductive and metabolic health. Here, we highlight the fundamental importance of sex in shaping metabolic physiology and assess growing evidence that the hepatokine fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) plays a mechanistic role to facilitate sex-dependent responses to a changing nutritional environment. First, we examine the importance of sex in modulating body composition and substrate utilization. We summarize new data that point toward sex-biased effects of pharmacologic FGF21 administration on these endpoints. When energy is not limited, metabolic responses to FGF21 mirror broader sex differences; FGF21-treated males conserve lean mass at the expense of increased lipid catabolism, whereas FGF21-treated females conserve fat mass at the expense of reduced lean mass. Next, we examine the importance of sex in modulating the endogenous secretion of FGF21 in response to changing macronutrient and energy availability. During the resting state when energy is not limited, macronutrient imbalance increases the secretion of FGF21 more so in males than females. When energy is limited, the effect of sex on both the secretion of FGF21 and its metabolic actions may be reversed. Altogether, we argue that a growing literature supports FGF21 as a plausible mechanism contributing to the sex-dependent mobilization vs preservation of lipid storage and highlight the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla A Soto Sauza
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Karen K Ryan
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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7
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Farooqi IS, Xu Y. Translational potential of mouse models of human metabolic disease. Cell 2024; 187:4129-4143. [PMID: 39067442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Obesity causes significant morbidity and mortality globally. Research in the last three decades has delivered a step-change in our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that regulate energy homeostasis, building on foundational discoveries in mouse models of metabolic disease. However, not all findings made in rodents have translated to humans, hampering drug discovery in this field. Here, we review how studies in mice and humans have informed our current framework for understanding energy homeostasis, discuss their challenges and limitations, and offer a perspective on how human studies may play an increasingly important role in the discovery of disease mechanisms and identification of therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Yong Xu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Thapa K, Ghimire B, Pokharel K, Cai M, Savontaus E, Rinne P. Hepatocyte-specific loss of melanocortin 1 receptor disturbs fatty acid metabolism and promotes adipocyte hypertrophy. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41366-024-01600-9. [PMID: 39117851 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01600-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Melanocortins mediate their biological functions via five different melanocortin receptors (MC1R - MC5R). MC1R is expressed in the skin and leukocytes, where it regulates skin pigmentation and inflammatory responses. MC1R is also present in the liver and white adipose tissue, but its functional role in these tissues is unclear. This study aimed at determining the regulatory role of MC1R in fatty acid metabolism. METHODS Male recessive yellow (Mc1re/e) mice, a model of global MC1R deficiency, and male hepatocyte-specific MC1R deficient mice (Mc1r LKO) were fed a chow or Western diet for 12 weeks. The mouse models were characterized for body weight and composition, liver adiposity, adipose tissue mass and morphology, glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, qPCR and RNA sequencing analyses were used to investigate gene expression profiles in the liver and adipose tissue. HepG2 cells and primary mouse hepatocytes were used to study the effects of pharmacological MC1R activation. RESULTS Chow- and Western diet-fed Mc1re/e showed increased liver weight, white adipose tissue mass and plasma triglyceride (TG) concentration compared to wild type mice. This phenotype occurred without significant changes in food intake, body weight, physical activity or glucose metabolism. Mc1r LKO mice displayed a similar phenotype characterized by larger fat depots, increased adipocyte hypertrophy and enhanced accumulation of TG in the liver and plasma. In terms of gene expression, markers of de novo lipogenesis, inflammation and apoptosis were upregulated in the liver of Mc1r LKO mice, while enzymes regulating lipolysis were downregulated in white adipose tissue of these mice. In cultured hepatocytes, selective activation of MC1R reduced ChREBP expression, which is a central transcription factor for lipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Hepatocyte-specific loss of MC1R disturbs fatty acid metabolism in the liver and leads to an obesity phenotype characterized by enhanced adipocyte hypertrophy and TG accumulation in the liver and circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Thapa
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Drug Research Doctoral Programme (DRDP), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Bishwa Ghimire
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kisun Pokharel
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Minying Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Eriika Savontaus
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Petteri Rinne
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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9
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Huttasch M, Roden M, Kahl S. Obesity and MASLD: Is weight loss the (only) key to treat metabolic liver disease? Metabolism 2024; 157:155937. [PMID: 38782182 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) closely associates with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle intervention and bariatric surgery aiming at substantial weight loss are cornerstones of MASLD treatment by improving histological outcomes and reducing risks of comorbidities. Originally developed as antihyperglycemic drugs, incretin (co-)agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors also reduce steatosis and cardiorenovascular events. Certain incretin agonists effectively improve histological features of MASLD, but not fibrosis. Of note, beneficial effects on MASLD may not necessarily require weight loss. Despite moderate weight gain, one PPARγ agonist improved adipose tissue and MASLD with certain benefit on fibrosis in post-hoc analyses. Likewise, the first THRβ-agonist was recently provisionally approved because of significant improvements of MASLD and fibrosis. We here discuss liver-related and metabolic effects induced by different MASLD treatments and their association with weight loss. Therefore, we compare results from clinical trials on drugs acting via weight loss (incretin (co)agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors) with those exerting no weight loss (pioglitazone; resmetirom). Furthermore, other drugs in development directly targeting hepatic lipid metabolism (lipogenesis inhibitors, FGF21 analogs) are addressed. Although THRβ-agonism may effectively improve hepatic outcomes, MASLD treatment concepts should consider all cardiometabolic risk factors for effective reduction of morbidity and mortality in the affected people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Huttasch
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Sabine Kahl
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany.
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10
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Tamimi A, Javid M, Sedighi-Pirsaraei N, Mirdamadi A. Exosome prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1420281. [PMID: 39144666 PMCID: PMC11322140 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1420281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing prevalence of NAFLD and its global health burden have provoked considerable research on possible diagnostic and therapeutic options for NAFLD. Although various pathophysiological mechanisms and genetic factors have been identified to be associated with NAFLD, its treatment remains challenging. In recent years, exosomes have attracted widespread attention for their role in metabolic dysfunctions and their efficacy as pathological biomarkers. Exosomes have also shown tremendous potential in treating a variety of disorders. With increasing evidence supporting the significant role of exosomes in NAFLD pathogenesis, their theragnostic potential has become a point of interest in NAFLD. Expectedly, exosome-based treatment strategies have shown promise in the prevention and amelioration of NAFLD in preclinical studies. However, there are still serious challenges in preparing, standardizing, and applying exosome-based therapies as a routine clinical option that should be overcome. Due to the great potential of this novel theragnostic agent in NAFLD, further investigations on their safety, clinical efficacy, and application standardization are highly recommended.
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11
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Rajendran R, Suman S, Divakaran SJ, Swatikrishna S, Tripathi P, Jain R, Sagar K, Rajakumari S. Sesaminol alters phospholipid metabolism and alleviates obesity-induced NAFLD. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23835. [PMID: 39037555 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400412rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance is increasing worldwide. We previously demonstrated that sesaminol increases thermogenesis in adipocytes, improves insulin sensitivity, and mitigates obesity in mice. In this study, we demonstrated that sesaminol increased mitochondrial activity and reduced ROS production in hepatocytes. Therefore, we delve into the metabolic action of sesaminol in obesity-induced NAFLD or metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease (MAFLD). Here, we report that sesaminol induces OXPHOS proteins and mitochondrial function in vivo. Further, our data suggest that sesaminol administration reduces hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation and LDL-C levels. Prominently, the lipidomics analyses revealed that sesaminol administration decreased the major phospholipids such as PC, PE, PI, CL, and PS to maintain membrane lipid homeostasis in the liver upon HFD challenge. Besides, SML reduced ePC and SM molecular species and increased PA levels in the HFD-fed mice. Also, sesaminol renders anti-inflammatory properties and dampens fibrosis markers in the liver. Remarkably, SML lowers the hepatic levels of ALT and AST enzymes and alleviates NAFLD in diet-induced obese mice. The molecular docking analysis identifies peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors as potential endogenous receptors for sesaminol. Together, our study demonstrates plant lignan sesaminol as a potential small molecule that alters the molecular species of major phospholipids, including sphingomyelin and ether-linked PCs in the liver tissue, improves metabolic parameters, and alleviates obesity-induced fatty liver disease in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajprabu Rajendran
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanskriti Suman
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Soumya Jaya Divakaran
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sahu Swatikrishna
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Purnima Tripathi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rashi Jain
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Karan Sagar
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sona Rajakumari
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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12
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Zhao D, Han X, Mu Q, Wu Y, Shan L, Su L, Wang W, Wang P, Kang Y, Wang F. Association of cerebrospinal fluid NPY with peripheral ApoA: a moderation effect of BMI. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:52. [PMID: 39054540 PMCID: PMC11270855 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00828-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) and Apoprotein B (ApoB) have emerged as novel cardiovascular risk biomarkers influenced by feeding behavior. Hypothalamic appetite peptides regulate feeding behavior and impact lipoprotein levels, which effects vary in different weight states. This study explores the intricate relationship between body mass index (BMI), hypothalamic appetite peptides, and apolipoproteins with emphasis on the moderating role of body weight in the association between neuropeptide Y (NPY), ghrelin, orexin A (OXA), oxytocin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral ApoA-I and ApoB. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we included participants with a mean age of 31.77 ± 10.25 years, categorized into a normal weight (NW) (n = 73) and an overweight/obese (OW/OB) (n = 117) group based on BMI. NPY, ghrelin, OXA, and oxytocin levels in CSF were measured. RESULTS In the NW group, peripheral ApoA-I levels were higher, while ApoB levels were lower than in the OW/OB group (all p < 0.05). CSF NPY exhibited a positive correlation with peripheral ApoA-I in the NW group (r = 0.39, p = 0.001). Notably, participants with higher CSF NPY levels had higher peripheral ApoA-I levels in the NW group and lower peripheral ApoA-I levels in the OW/OB group, showing the significant moderating effect of BMI on this association (R2 = 0.144, β=-0.54, p < 0.001). The correlation between ghrelin, OXA and oxytocin in CSF and peripheral ApoB in both groups exhibited opposing trends (Ghrelin: r = -0.03 and r = 0.04; OXA: r = 0.23 and r=-0.01; Oxytocin: r=-0.09 and r = 0.04). CONCLUSION This study provides hitherto undocumented evidence that BMI moderates the relationship between CSF NPY and peripheral ApoA-I levels. It also reveals the protective role of NPY in the NW population, contrasting with its risk factor role in the OW/OB population, which was associated with the at-risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Zhao
- Medical Neurobiology Lab, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, 010110, China
| | - Xiaoli Han
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Friendship hospital of Urumqi in Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830049, China
| | - Qingshuang Mu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830063, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Ligang Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Lidong Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, BaoGang Hospital, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Pengxiang Wang
- Medical Neurobiology Lab, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, 010110, China
| | - Yimin Kang
- Medical Neurobiology Lab, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, 010110, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100096, China.
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13
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Akkız H, Gieseler RK, Canbay A. Liver Fibrosis: From Basic Science towards Clinical Progress, Focusing on the Central Role of Hepatic Stellate Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7873. [PMID: 39063116 PMCID: PMC11277292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The burden of chronic liver disease is globally increasing at an alarming rate. Chronic liver injury leads to liver inflammation and fibrosis (LF) as critical determinants of long-term outcomes such as cirrhosis, liver cancer, and mortality. LF is a wound-healing process characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins due to the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In the healthy liver, quiescent HSCs metabolize and store retinoids. Upon fibrogenic activation, quiescent HSCs transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts; lose their vitamin A; upregulate α-smooth muscle actin; and produce proinflammatory soluble mediators, collagens, and inhibitors of ECM degradation. Activated HSCs are the main effector cells during hepatic fibrogenesis. In addition, the accumulation and activation of profibrogenic macrophages in response to hepatocyte death play a critical role in the initiation of HSC activation and survival. The main source of myofibroblasts is resident HSCs. Activated HSCs migrate to the site of active fibrogenesis to initiate the formation of a fibrous scar. Single-cell technologies revealed that quiescent HSCs are highly homogenous, while activated HSCs/myofibroblasts are much more heterogeneous. The complex process of inflammation results from the response of various hepatic cells to hepatocellular death and inflammatory signals related to intrahepatic injury pathways or extrahepatic mediators. Inflammatory processes modulate fibrogenesis by activating HSCs and, in turn, drive immune mechanisms via cytokines and chemokines. Increasing evidence also suggests that cellular stress responses contribute to fibrogenesis. Recent data demonstrated that LF can revert even at advanced stages of cirrhosis if the underlying cause is eliminated, which inhibits the inflammatory and profibrogenic cells. However, despite numerous clinical studies on plausible drug candidates, an approved antifibrotic therapy still remains elusive. This state-of-the-art review presents cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in hepatic fibrogenesis and its resolution, as well as comprehensively discusses the drivers linking liver injury to chronic liver inflammation and LF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikmet Akkız
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Bahçeşehir, Beşiktaş, Istanbul 34353, Turkey
| | - Robert K. Gieseler
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr University Bochum, In der Schornau 23–25, 44892 Bochum, Germany; (R.K.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr University Bochum, In der Schornau 23–25, 44892 Bochum, Germany; (R.K.G.); (A.C.)
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14
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Cui Y, Auclair H, He R, Zhang Q. GPCR-mediated regulation of beige adipocyte formation: Implications for obesity and metabolic health. Gene 2024; 915:148421. [PMID: 38561165 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and its associated complications pose a significant burden on health. The non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) and metabolic capacity properties of brown adipose tissue (BAT), which are distinct from those of white adipose tissue (WAT), in combating obesity and its related metabolic diseases has been well documented. However, beige adipose tissue, the third and relatively novel type of adipose tissue, which emerges in extensive presence of WAT and shares similar favorable metabolic properties with BAT, has garnered considerable attention in recent years. In this review, we focused on the role of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest receptor family and the most successful class of drug targets in humans, in the induction of beige adipocytes. More importantly, we highlight researchers' clinical treatment attempts to ameliorate obesity and other related metabolic diseases through the formation and activation of beige adipose tissue. In summary, this review provides valuable insights into the formation of beige adipose tissue and the involvement of GPCRs, based on the latest advancements in scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxu Cui
- Animal Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hugo Auclair
- Faculty of Medicine, François-Rabelais University, Tours, France
| | - Rong He
- Animal Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Animal Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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15
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Tang J, Ma Y, Li M, Liu X, Wang Y, Zhang J, Shu H, Liu Z, Zhang C, Fu L, Hu J, Zhang Y, Jia Z, Feng Y. FADD regulates adipose inflammation, adipogenesis, and adipocyte survival. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:323. [PMID: 39009585 PMCID: PMC11250791 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, aside from adipocytes, comprises various abundant immune cells. The accumulation of low-grade chronic inflammation in adipose tissue serves as a primary cause and hallmark of insulin resistance. In this study, we investigate the physiological roles of FADD in adipose tissue inflammation, adipogenesis, and adipocyte survival. High levels of Fadd mRNA were observed in mitochondrial-rich organs, particularly brown adipose tissue. To explore its metabolic functions, we generated global Fadd knockout mice, resulting in embryonic lethality, while heterozygous knockout (Fadd+/-) mice did not show any significant changes in body weight or composition. However, Fadd+/- mice exhibited reduced respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and serum cholesterol levels, along with heightened global and adipose inflammatory responses. Furthermore, AT masses and expression levels of adipogenic and lipogenic genes were decreased in Fadd+/- mice. In cellular studies, Fadd inhibition disrupted adipogenic differentiation and suppressed the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes in cultured adipocytes. Additionally, Fadd overexpression caused adipocyte death in vitro with decreased RIPK1 and RIPK3 expression, while Fadd inhibition downregulated RIPK3 in iWAT in vivo. These findings collectively underscore the indispensable role of FADD in adipose inflammation, adipogenesis, and adipocyte survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Endocrinology Department of the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meilin Li
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangpeng Liu
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Shu
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Wisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Suzhou Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Suzhou Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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16
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Zhu A, Luo N, Sun L, Zhou X, Chen S, Huang Z, Mao X, Li K. Mulberry and Hippophae-based solid beverage attenuate hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis via adipose tissue-liver axis. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:5052-5064. [PMID: 39055214 PMCID: PMC11266884 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis are the characteristics of the initial stage of nonalcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which can be reversed by lifestyle intervention, including dietary supplementation. However, such commercial dietary supplements with solid scientific evidence and in particular clear mechanistic elucidation are scarce. Here, the health benefits of MHP, a commercial mulberry and Hippophae-based solid beverage, were evaluated in NAFLD rat model and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated. Histopathologic examination of liver and white adipose tissue found that MHP supplementation reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and adipocyte hypertrophy. Serum biochemical results confirmed that MHP effectively ameliorated dyslipidemia and decreased circulation-free fatty acid level. RNA-Seq-based transcriptomic analysis showed that MHP-regulated genes are involved in the inhibition of lipolysis of adipose tissue and thus may contribute to the reduction of hepatic ectopic lipid deposition. Furthermore, MHP upregulated ACSL1-CPT1a-CPT2 pathway, a canonical pathway that regulated mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism, and promoted liver and adipose tissue fatty acid β-oxidation. These results suggest that adipose tissue-liver crosstalk may play a key role in maintaining glucose and lipid metabolic hemostasis. In addition, MHP can also ameliorate chronic inflammation through regulating the secretion of adipokines. Our study demonstrates that MHP is able to improve dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis through crosstalk between adipose tissue and liver and also presents transcriptomic evidence to support the underlying mechanisms of action, providing solid evidence for its health claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- An‐Qi Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Nin Luo
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ling‐Yue Sun
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐Ting Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shi‐Sheng Chen
- Perfect Life & Health InstituteZhongshanGuangdongChina
- Perfect (Guangdong) Co., Ltd.ZhongshanChina
| | - Zebo Huang
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Xin‐Liang Mao
- Perfect Life & Health InstituteZhongshanGuangdongChina
- Perfect (Guangdong) Co., Ltd.ZhongshanChina
| | - Kun‐Ping Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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17
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Lambooij JM, Tak T, Zaldumbide A, Guigas B. OMIP-104: A 30-color spectral flow cytometry panel for comprehensive analysis of immune cell composition and macrophage subsets in mouse metabolic organs. Cytometry A 2024; 105:493-500. [PMID: 38651815 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Obesity-induced chronic low-grade inflammation, also known as metaflammation, results from alterations of the immune response in metabolic organs and contributes to the development of fatty liver diseases and type 2 diabetes. The diversity of tissue-resident leukocytes involved in these metabolic dysfunctions warrants an in-depth immunophenotyping in order to elucidate disease etiology. Here, we present a 30-color, full spectrum flow cytometry panel, designed to (i) identify the major innate and adaptive immune cell subsets in murine liver and white adipose tissues and (ii) discriminate various tissue-specific myeloid subsets known to contribute to the development of metabolic dysfunctions. This panel notably allows for distinguishing embryonically-derived liver-resident Kupffer cells from newly recruited monocyte-derived macrophages and KCs. Furthermore, several adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) subsets, including perivascular macrophages, lipid-associated macrophages, and pro-inflammatory CD11c+ ATMs, can also be identified. Finally, the panel includes cell-surface markers that have been associated with metabolic activation of different macrophage and dendritic cell subsets. Altogether, our spectral flow cytometry panel allows for an extensive immunophenotyping of murine metabolic tissues, with a particular focus on metabolically-relevant myeloid cell subsets, and can easily be adjusted to include various new markers if needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost M Lambooij
- Leiden University Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar Tak
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Leiden University Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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18
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Jun H, Liu S, Knights AJ, Zhu K, Ma Y, Gong J, Lenhart AE, Peng X, Huang Y, Ginder JP, Downie CH, Ramos ET, Kullander K, Kennedy RT, Xu XZS, Wu J. Signaling through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the liver protects against the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002728. [PMID: 39028754 PMCID: PMC11290650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is the progressive form of liver steatosis, the most common liver disease, and substantially increases the mortality rate. However, limited therapies are currently available to prevent MASH development. Identifying potential pharmacological treatments for the condition has been hampered by its heterogeneous and complex nature. Here, we identified a hepatic nonneuronal cholinergic signaling pathway required for metabolic adaptation to caloric overload. We found that cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit (CHRNA2) is highly expressed in hepatocytes of mice and humans. Further, CHRNA2 is activated by a subpopulation of local acetylcholine-producing macrophages during MASH development. The activation of CHRNA2 coordinates defensive programs against a broad spectrum of MASH-related pathogenesis, including steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Hepatocyte-specific loss of CHRNA2 signaling accelerates the disease onset in different MASH mouse models. Activation of this pathway via pharmacological inhibition of acetylcholine degradation protects against MASH development. Our study uncovers a hepatic nicotinic cholinergic receptor pathway that constitutes a cell-autonomous self-defense route against prolonged metabolic stress and holds therapeutic potential for combatting human MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Jun
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Alexander J. Knights
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kezhou Zhu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yingxu Ma
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianke Gong
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Sciences and Technology, and Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ashley E. Lenhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Xiaoling Peng
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yunying Huang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jared P. Ginder
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Christopher H. Downie
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Erika Thalia Ramos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Klas Kullander
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert T. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - X. Z. Shawn Xu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jun Wu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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19
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Lamichhane G, Lee DY, Franks R, Olawale F, Jin JB, Egan JM, Kim Y. Curcumin-Rich Diet Mitigates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) by Attenuating Fat Accumulation and Improving Insulin Sensitivity in Aged Female Mice under Nutritional Stress. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:472. [PMID: 39056667 PMCID: PMC11274271 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high incidence of metabolic syndrome in the elderly poses a significant challenge to the healthcare system, emphasizing the need for interventions tailored to geriatric patients. Given the limited focus on females in previous studies, this research aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary curcumin on obesity and NAFLD outcomes in naturally aged (18-month-old) female mice. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice aged 18 months were fed a normal chow diet (NCD) and a HFHSD, with or without curcumin (0.4% w/w), for an 8-week period. Parameters included food intake, body weight, insulin tolerance test (ITT), glucose tolerance test (GTT), percentage fat mass, hepatic triglyceride, and cholesterol levels, and a histological examination for NAFLD detection, qPCR, and immunoblotting analyses were performed. RESULTS The cumulative body weight gain after 8 weeks in the aged female mice supplemented with curcumin and fed an HFHSD was significantly lower (10.84 ± 1.09 g) compared to those fed a HFHSD alone (15.28 ± 1.26 g). Curcumin supplementation also resulted in reduced total body fat (HFHSD group 50.83 ± 1.71% vs. HFHSD+CUR 41.46 ± 3.21%), decreased epidydimal fat mass (HFHSD: 3.79 ± 0.29 g vs. HFHSD+CUR: 2.66 ± 0.30 g), and repaired adipogenic signaling in the white adipose tissue. Furthermore, curcumin lowered triglyceride and cholesterol deposition in the liver, preventing hepatic steatosis and improving hepatic insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin demonstrates the ability to ameliorate the deleterious effects of HFHSD in aged female mice by reducing body fat composition, modulating adipogenic signaling in the white adipose tissue, and improving insulin homeostasis and non-alcoholic fatty deposition in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Lamichhane
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (G.L.); (D.-Y.L.); (R.F.); (F.O.); (J.-B.J.)
| | - Da-Yeon Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (G.L.); (D.-Y.L.); (R.F.); (F.O.); (J.-B.J.)
| | - Rienna Franks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (G.L.); (D.-Y.L.); (R.F.); (F.O.); (J.-B.J.)
| | - Femi Olawale
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (G.L.); (D.-Y.L.); (R.F.); (F.O.); (J.-B.J.)
| | - Jong-Beom Jin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (G.L.); (D.-Y.L.); (R.F.); (F.O.); (J.-B.J.)
| | - Josephine M. Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA;
| | - Yoo Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (G.L.); (D.-Y.L.); (R.F.); (F.O.); (J.-B.J.)
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20
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Ma Y, Wang J, Xiao W, Fan X. A review of MASLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma: progress in pathogenesis, early detection, and therapeutic interventions. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1410668. [PMID: 38895182 PMCID: PMC11184143 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1410668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is continuously rising, evolving into a global health challenge. Concurrently, cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with MASLD are also on the increase. Although traditional risk factors such as age, gender, and metabolic factors play significant roles in the development of HCC, it cannot be overlooked that MASLD, triggered by changes in modern lifestyle and dietary habits, may also exacerbate the risk of HCC, and this phenomenon is common even among non-obese individuals. Regrettably, MASLD often fails to receive timely diagnosis, resulting in a limited number of patients receiving HCC surveillance. Moreover, there is currently a lack of clear definition for the target population for surveillance beyond patients with cirrhosis. Consequently, MASLD-related HCC is often detected at a late stage, precluding the optimal timing for curative treatment. However, our understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of HCC remains limited. Therefore, this paper reviews relevant literature from recent years, delving into multiple dimensions such as pathogenesis, surveillance and diagnosis, prevention, and treatment, aiming to provide new ideas and directions for the prevention and treatment of MASLD-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jinguo Wang
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Wenping Xiao
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaoming Fan
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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21
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Anunciado-Koza RVP, Yin H, Bilodeau CL, Cooke D, Ables GP, Ryzhov S, Koza RA. Interindividual differences of dietary fat-inducible Mest in white adipose tissue of C57BL/6J mice are not heritable. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1144-1155. [PMID: 38616328 PMCID: PMC11132930 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Differences in white adipose tissue (WAT) expression of mesoderm-specific transcript (Mest) in C57BL6/J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) are concomitant with and predictive for the development of obesity. However, the basis for differences in WAT Mest among mice is unknown. This study investigated whether HFD-inducible WAT Mest, as well as susceptibility to obesity, is transmissible from parents to offspring. METHODS WAT biopsies of mice fed an HFD for 2 weeks identified parents with low and high WAT Mest for breeding. Obesity phenotypes, WAT Mest, hepatic gene expression, and serum metabolites were determined in offspring fed an HFD for 2 weeks. RESULTS Offspring showed no heritability of obesity or WAT Mest phenotypes from parents but did show hepatic and serum metabolite changes consistent with their WAT Mest. Importantly, retired male breeders showed WAT Mest expression congruent with initial WAT biopsies even though HFD exposure occurred early in life. CONCLUSIONS Disparity of HFD-induced Mest in mice is not heritable but, rather, is reestablished during each generation and remains fixed from an early age to adulthood. Short-term HFD feeding reveals variation of WAT Mest expression within isogenic mice that is positively associated with the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haifeng Yin
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | | | - Diana Cooke
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Inc., Cold Spring, New York, USA
| | - Gene P. Ables
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Inc., Cold Spring, New York, USA
| | - Sergey Ryzhov
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert A. Koza
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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22
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Vacca M, Kamzolas I, Harder LM, Oakley F, Trautwein C, Hatting M, Ross T, Bernardo B, Oldenburger A, Hjuler ST, Ksiazek I, Lindén D, Schuppan D, Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Tonini MM, Castañeda TR, Kannt A, Rodrigues CMP, Cockell S, Govaere O, Daly AK, Allison M, Honnens de Lichtenberg K, Kim YO, Lindblom A, Oldham S, Andréasson AC, Schlerman F, Marioneaux J, Sanyal A, Afonso MB, Younes R, Amano Y, Friedman SL, Wang S, Bhattacharya D, Simon E, Paradis V, Burt A, Grypari IM, Davies S, Driessen A, Yashiro H, Pors S, Worm Andersen M, Feigh M, Yunis C, Bedossa P, Stewart M, Cater HL, Wells S, Schattenberg JM, Anstee QM, Tiniakos D, Perfield JW, Petsalaki E, Davidsen P, Vidal-Puig A. An unbiased ranking of murine dietary models based on their proximity to human metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Nat Metab 2024; 6:1178-1196. [PMID: 38867022 PMCID: PMC11199145 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, encompasses steatosis and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Preclinical MASLD research is mainly performed in rodents; however, the model that best recapitulates human disease is yet to be defined. We conducted a wide-ranging retrospective review (metabolic phenotype, liver histopathology, transcriptome benchmarked against humans) of murine models (mostly male) and ranked them using an unbiased MASLD 'human proximity score' to define their metabolic relevance and ability to induce MASH-fibrosis. Here, we show that Western diets align closely with human MASH; high cholesterol content, extended study duration and/or genetic manipulation of disease-promoting pathways are required to intensify liver damage and accelerate significant (F2+) fibrosis development. Choline-deficient models rapidly induce MASH-fibrosis while showing relatively poor translatability. Our ranking of commonly used MASLD models, based on their proximity to human MASLD, helps with the selection of appropriate in vivo models to accelerate preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Vacca
- TVP Lab, WT/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
- Laboratory of Liver Metabolism and MASLD, Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, London, UK.
| | - Ioannis Kamzolas
- TVP Lab, WT/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lea Mørch Harder
- Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fiona Oakley
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hatting
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Trenton Ross
- Internal Medicine research Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Barbara Bernardo
- Internal Medicine research Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anouk Oldenburger
- CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | | | - Iwona Ksiazek
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Lindén
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Maria Manuela Tonini
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Translational Medicine Operations Hub, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Tamara R Castañeda
- R&D Diabetes & Portfolio Innovation and Excellence, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Aimo Kannt
- R&D Diabetes, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Fraunhofer Innovation Center TheraNova and Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Simon Cockell
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Olivier Govaere
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ann K Daly
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael Allison
- Liver Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust & Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Yong Ook Kim
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Lindblom
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Oldham
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Anne-Christine Andréasson
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Franklin Schlerman
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Arun Sanyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Marta B Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ramy Younes
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Yuichiro Amano
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuang Wang
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dipankar Bhattacharya
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Simon
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Université Paris Diderot and Hôpital Beaujon, Paris, France
| | - Alastair Burt
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ioanna Maria Grypari
- Department of Pathology, Aretaeion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Susan Davies
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ann Driessen
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Pathology, Radiotherapy, Oncology. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hiroaki Yashiro
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Limited, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Carla Yunis
- Pfizer, Inc.; Internal Medicine and Hospital, Pfizer Research and Development, Lake Mary, FL, USA
| | - Pierre Bedossa
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- LiverPat, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Sara Wells
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg, Germany
| | - Quentin M Anstee
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Department of Pathology, Aretaeion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - James W Perfield
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Evangelia Petsalaki
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Peter Davidsen
- Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, International PharmaScience Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- TVP Lab, WT/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
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23
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Bo T, Gao L, Yao Z, Shao S, Wang X, Proud CG, Zhao J. Hepatic selective insulin resistance at the intersection of insulin signaling and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Cell Metab 2024; 36:947-968. [PMID: 38718757 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a major pathogenic factor in the progression of MASLD. In the liver, insulin suppresses gluconeogenesis and enhances de novo lipogenesis (DNL). During IR, there is a defect in insulin-mediated suppression of gluconeogenesis, but an unrestrained increase in hepatic lipogenesis persists. The mechanism of increased hepatic steatosis in IR is unclear and remains controversial. The key discrepancy is whether insulin retains its ability to directly regulate hepatic lipogenesis. Blocking insulin/IRS/AKT signaling reduces liver lipid deposition in IR, suggesting insulin can still regulate lipid metabolism; hepatic glucose metabolism that bypasses insulin's action may contribute to lipogenesis; and due to peripheral IR, other tissues are likely to impact liver lipid deposition. We here review the current understanding of insulin's action in governing different aspects of hepatic lipid metabolism under normal and IR states, with the purpose of highlighting the essential issues that remain unsettled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bo
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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24
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Osonoi S, Takebe T. Organoid-guided precision hepatology for metabolic liver disease. J Hepatol 2024; 80:805-821. [PMID: 38237864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease affects millions of people worldwide. Progress towards a definitive cure has been incremental and treatment is currently limited to lifestyle modification. Hepatocyte-specific lipid accumulation is the main trigger of lipotoxic events, driving inflammation and fibrosis. The underlying pathology is extraordinarily heterogenous, and the manifestations of steatohepatitis are markedly influenced by metabolic communications across non-hepatic organs. Synthetic human tissue models have emerged as powerful platforms to better capture the mechanistic diversity in disease progression, while preserving person-specific genetic traits. In this review, we will outline current research efforts focused on integrating multiple synthetic tissue models of key metabolic organs, with an emphasis on organoid-based systems. By combining functional genomics and population-scale en masse profiling methodologies, human tissues derived from patients can provide insights into personalised genetic, transcriptional, biochemical, and metabolic states. These collective efforts will advance our understanding of steatohepatitis and guide the development of rational solutions for mechanism-directed diagnostic and therapeutic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Osonoi
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; WPI Premium Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe) and Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Communication Design Center, Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
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25
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Melini S, Lama A, Comella F, Opallo N, Del Piano F, Annunziata C, Mollica MP, Ferrante MC, Pirozzi C, Mattace Raso G, Meli R. Targeting liver and adipose tissue in obese mice: Effects of a N-acylethanolamine mixture on insulin resistance and adipocyte reprogramming. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116531. [PMID: 38574624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are endogenous lipid-signalling molecules involved in inflammation and energy metabolism. The potential pharmacological effect of NAE association in managing inflammation-based metabolic disorders is unexplored. To date, targeting liver-adipose axis can be considered a therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity and related dysfunctions. Here, we investigated the metabolic effect of OLALIAMID® (OLA), an olive oil-derived NAE mixture, in limiting liver and adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. OLA reduced body weight and fat mass in obese mice, decreasing insulin resistance (IR), as shown by homeostasis model assessment index, and leptin/adiponectin ratio, a marker of adipocyte dysfunction. OLA improved serum lipid and hepatic profile and the immune/inflammatory pattern of metainflammation. In liver of HFD mice, OLA treatment counteracted glucose and lipid dysmetabolism, restoring insulin signalling (phosphorylation of AKT and AMPK), and reducing mRNAs of key markers of fatty acid accumulation. Furthermore, OLA positively affected AT function deeply altered by HFD by reprogramming of genes involved in thermogenesis of interscapular brown AT (iBAT) and subcutaneous white AT (scWAT), and inducing the beigeing of scWAT. Notably, the NAE mixture reduced inflammation in iBAT and promoted M1-to-M2 macrophage shift in scWAT of obese mice. The tissue and systemic anti-inflammatory effects of OLA and the increased expression of glucose transporter 4 in scWAT contributed to the improvement of gluco-lipid toxicity and insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, we demonstrated that this olive oil-derived NAE mixture is a valid nutritional strategy to counteract IR and obesity acting on liver-AT crosstalk, restoring both hepatic and AT function and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Melini
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - A Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - F Comella
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - N Opallo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - F Del Piano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - C Annunziata
- Department of Bioscience and Nutrition Karolinska Institute Neo Building, Huddinge 14152, Sweden
| | - M P Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - M C Ferrante
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - C Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - G Mattace Raso
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - R Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
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26
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Hateley C, Olona A, Halliday L, Edin ML, Ko JH, Forlano R, Terra X, Lih FB, Beltrán-Debón R, Manousou P, Purkayastha S, Moorthy K, Thursz MR, Zhang G, Goldin RD, Zeldin DC, Petretto E, Behmoaras J. Multi-tissue profiling of oxylipins reveal a conserved up-regulation of epoxide:diol ratio that associates with white adipose tissue inflammation and liver steatosis in obesity. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105127. [PMID: 38677183 PMCID: PMC11061246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity drives maladaptive changes in the white adipose tissue (WAT) which can progressively cause insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease (MASLD). Obesity-mediated loss of WAT homeostasis can trigger liver steatosis through dysregulated lipid pathways such as those related to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-derived oxylipins. However, the exact relationship between oxylipins and metabolic syndrome remains elusive and cross-tissue dynamics of oxylipins are ill-defined. METHODS We quantified PUFA-related oxylipin species in the omental WAT, liver biopsies and plasma of 88 patients undergoing bariatric surgery (female N = 79) and 9 patients (female N = 4) undergoing upper gastrointestinal surgery, using UPLC-MS/MS. We integrated oxylipin abundance with WAT phenotypes (adipogenesis, adipocyte hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration, type I and VI collagen remodelling) and the severity of MASLD (steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis) quantified in each biopsy. The integrative analysis was subjected to (i) adjustment for known risk factors and, (ii) control for potential drug-effects through UPLC-MS/MS analysis of metformin-treated fat explants ex vivo. FINDINGS We reveal a generalized down-regulation of cytochrome P450 (CYP)-derived diols during obesity conserved between the WAT and plasma. Notably, epoxide:diol ratio, indicative of soluble epoxide hydrolyse (sEH) activity, increases with WAT inflammation/fibrosis, hepatic steatosis and T2DM. Increased 12,13-EpOME:DiHOME in WAT and liver is a marker of worsening metabolic syndrome in patients with obesity. INTERPRETATION These findings suggest a dampened sEH activity and a possible role of fatty acid diols during metabolic syndrome in major metabolic organs such as WAT and liver. They also have implications in view of the clinical trials based on sEH inhibition for metabolic syndrome. FUNDING Wellcome Trust (PS3431_WMIH); Duke-NUS (Intramural Goh Cardiovascular Research Award (Duke-NUS-GCR/2022/0020); National Medical Research Council (OFLCG22may-0011); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01 ES025034); NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Hateley
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Antoni Olona
- Centre for Computational Biology and Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laura Halliday
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jeong-Hun Ko
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Roberta Forlano
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Ximena Terra
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Fred B Lih
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Penelopi Manousou
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Sanjay Purkayastha
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK; University of Brunel, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, London, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Krishna Moorthy
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, 3135 Meyer Hall, One Shields Avenue, UC Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Robert D Goldin
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Centre for Computational Biology and Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University (CPU), Nanjing, China
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Centre for Computational Biology and Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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27
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Chu Y, Gui S, Zheng Y, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Li Y, Chen X. The natural compounds, Magnolol or Honokiol, promote adipose tissue browning and resist obesity through modulating PPARα/γ activity. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 969:176438. [PMID: 38402928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with the body's energy metabolism. A potential strategy to regulate energy metabolism, combat obesity, and reduce NAFLD is by enhancing adipocyte thermogenesis and increasing energy expenditure. In this study, our objective was to examine the effects of phenolic extracts derived from Magnolia officinalis on the regulation of NAFLD. Specifically, we investigated the impact of Magnolol or Honokiol treatment on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL6/J male mice. Firstly, we monitored energy metabolism, dissected tissues, and analyzed tissue sections. Additionally, we conducted experiments on HepG2 and primary adipocytes to gain insights into the roles of Magnolol or Honokiol. To further understand the effects of these compounds on related signaling pathways and marker genes, we performed molecular docking, dual-luciferase assays, and interfered with target genes. Our findings revealed that Magnolol or Honokiol activate the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) signaling pathway, leading to the alleviation of NAFLD. This activation promotes fatty acid oxidation, reduces lipogenesis, and enhances the expression and secretion of FGF21. Notably, Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), secreted by the liver, plays a crucial role in improving communication between the liver and adipocytes while also promoting the browning of adipose tissue. Additionally, Magnolol or Honokiol activate the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling pathway, resulting in increased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression, heightened heat production in adipose tissue, and anti-obesity. Therefore, Magnolol or Honokiol alleviate NAFLD, promote adipose tissue browning and resist obesity through dual activation of PPARα/γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sisi Gui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yazhen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingwu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yaxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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28
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Chen H, Liu Y, Liu D, Liang Y, Zhu Z, Dong K, Li H, Bao Y, Wu J, Hou X, Jia W. Sex- and age-specific associations between abdominal fat and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective cohort study. J Mol Cell Biol 2024; 15:mjad069. [PMID: 38037475 PMCID: PMC11161703 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is closely related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although sex differences in body fat distribution have been well demonstrated, little is known about the sex-specific associations between adipose tissue and the development of NAFLD. Using community-based cohort data, we evaluated the associations between magnetic resonance imaging quantified areas of abdominal adipose tissue, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and incident NAFLD in 2830 participants (1205 males and 1625 females) aged 55-70 years. During a 4.6-year median follow-up, the cumulative incidence rates of NAFLD increased with areas of VAT and SAT both in males and in females. Further analyses showed that the above-mentioned positive associations were stronger in males than in females, especially in participants under 60 years old. In contrast, these sex differences disappeared in those over 60 years old. Furthermore, the risk of developing NAFLD increased non-linearly with increasing fat area in a sex-specific pattern. Additionally, sex-specific potential mediators, such as insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and adipokines, may exist in the associations between adipose tissue and NAFLD. This study showed that the associations between abdominal fat and the risk of NAFLD were stratified by sex and age, highlighting the potential need for sex- and age-specific management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yuexing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yebei Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhijun Zhu
- General Practitioner Teams in Community Health Service Center of Nicheng, Pudong New Area District, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Keqing Dong
- General Practitioner Teams in Community Health Service Center of Nicheng, Pudong New Area District, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Huating Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xuhong Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai 200233, China
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29
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Li T, Liang M, Luo J, Peng X. Metabolites of Clostridium leptum fermenting flaxseed polysaccharide alleviate obesity in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:129907. [PMID: 38325691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease. Our previous research found flaxseed polysaccharide (FP) has an anti-obesity effect, and its anti-obesity effect possibly depends on Clostridium leptum (C. leptum). However, whether the strain takes the role and how it works is still being determined. Here, FP was fermented in vitro by C. leptum and its metabolites were analyzed. Subsequently, the FP fermentation broth of C. leptum (FPF) was given to the obese pseudo sterile rats. The results showed FPF was rich in various metabolites, among which the top ten in relative expression abundance were 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholestenoate, 7,8-dihydro-3b,6a-dihydroxy-alpha-ionol 9-glucoside, Valyl-Serine, 2-amino-4-[(2-hydroxy-1-oxopropyl)amino]butanoic acid, Agavoside B, glycylproline, lycopersiconolide, armillaritin, Isoleucyl-Hydroxyproline and norethindrone acetate. After intervention with FPF, the weight, abdominal fat ratio, and total fat ratio of rats were significantly reduced and the lipid metabolism of them has been improved. This effect may be achieved by up regulating glucagon-like peptide-1 and adiponectin and further activating the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. This is the first experimental proof that FP exerts its anti-obesity effects through metabolites from C. leptum fermenting FP, not FP itself and the bacterial cells (debris) of C. leptum. It is also the first demonstration that FPF has a significant anti-obesity effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxing Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Minjian Liang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jianming Luo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
| | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
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30
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Xie L, Wang H, Hu J, Liu Z, Hu F. The role of novel adipokines and adipose-derived extracellular vesicles (ADEVs): Connections and interactions in liver diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116104. [PMID: 38428826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissues (AT) are an important endocrine organ that secretes various functional adipokines, peptides, non-coding RNAs, and acts on AT themselves or other distant tissues or organs through autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine manners. An accumulating body of evidence has suggested that many adipokines play an important role in liver metabolism. Besides the traditional adipokines such as adiponectin and leptin, many novel adipokines have recently been identified to have regulatory effects on the liver. Additionally, AT can produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) that act on peripheral tissues. However, under pathological conditions, such as obesity and diabetes, dysregulation of adipokines is associated with functional changes in AT, which may cause liver diseases. In this review, we focus on the newly discovered adipokines and EVs secreted by AT and highlight their actions on the liver under the context of obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), and some other liver diseases. Clarifying the action of adipokines and adipose tissue-derived EVs on the liver would help to identify novel therapeutic targets or biomarkers for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jinying Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuoying Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Health Law Research Center, School of Law, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Fang Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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31
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Huang CC, Yeh HY, Lin R, Liao TL, Shen HC, Yang YY, Lin HC. Inhibition of visceral adipose tissue-derived pathogenic signals by activation of adenosine A 2AR improves hepatic and cardiac dysfunction of NASH mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G385-G397. [PMID: 38252682 PMCID: PMC11213477 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00104.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
A2AR-disrupted mice is characterized by severe systemic and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation. Increasing adenosine cyclase (AC), cAMP, and protein kinase A (PKA) formation through A2AR activation suppress systemic/VAT inflammation in obese mice. This study explores the effects of 4 wk A2AR agonist PSB0777 treatment on the VAT-driven pathogenic signals in hepatic and cardiac dysfunction of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) obese mice. Among NASH mice with cardiac dysfunction, simultaneous decrease in the A2AR, AC, cAMP, and PKA levels were observed in VAT, liver, and heart. PSB0777 treatment significantly restores AC, cAMP, PKA, and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) levels, decreased SREBP-1/FASN, MCP-1, and CD68 levels, reduces infiltrated CD11b+ F4/80+ cells and adipogenesis in VAT of NASH + PSB0777 mice. The changes in VAT were accompanied by the suppression of hepatic and cardiac lipogenic/inflammatory/injury/apoptotic/fibrotic markers, the normalization of cardiac contractile [sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2)] marker, and cardiac dysfunction. The in vitro approach revealed that conditioned media (CM) of VAT of NASH mice (CMnash) trigger palmitic acid (PA)-like lipotoxic (lipogenic/inflammatory/apoptotic/fibrotic) effects in AML-12 and H9c2 cell systems. Significantly, A2AR agonist pretreatment-related normalization of A2AR-AC-cAMP-PKA levels was associated with the attenuation of CMnash-related upregulation of lipotoxic markers and the normalization of lipolytic (AML-12 cells) or contractile (H9C2 cells) marker/contraction. The in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that A2AR agonists are potential agent to inhibit the effects of VAT inflammation-driven pathogenic signals on the hepatic and cardiac lipogenesis, inflammation, injury, apoptosis, fibrosis, hypocontractility, and subsequently improve hepatic and cardiac dysfunction in NASH mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Protective role of adenosine A2AR receptor (A2AR) and AC-cAMP-PKA signaling against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) possibly via its actions on adipocytes is well known in the past decade. Thus, this study evaluates pharmacological activities of A2AR agonist PSB0777, which has already demonstrated to treat NASH. In this study, the inhibition of visceral adipose tissue-derived pathogenic signals by activation of adenosine A2AR with A2AR agonist PSB0777 improves the hepatic and cardiac dysfunction of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NASH mice.
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Grants
- MOST-110-2634-F-A49-005,NSTC 112-2314-B-A49 -043 -MY3 MOST | Hsinchu Science Park Bureau, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (HSP)
- MOST 111-2410-H-075-001 MOST | Hsinchu Science Park Bureau, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (HSP)
- V112C-018,V112C-030,VTA112-A-3-3& V112EA-009 Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- 112Q58504Y National Yang-Ming Chiao University
- MOST-110-2634-F-A49-005,NSTC 112-2314-B-A49 -043 -MY3 NSTC | Hsinchu Science Park Bureau, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (HSP)
- MOST 111-2410-H-075-001 NSTC | Hsinchu Science Park Bureau, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (HSP)
- National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chang Huang
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Yeh
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Roger Lin
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ling Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chin Shen
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology of Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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32
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Chiyanika C, Cheung LTF, Liu KH, Kong APS, Wong SKH, Ng EKW, Chu WCW. Changes in mesenteric fat thickness and its clinical impact in bariatric surgery. Clin Obes 2024; 14:e12627. [PMID: 37944915 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, especially central obesity is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study aimed to investigate the associations of the changes of abdominal fat thicknesses with changes of anthropometric indexes and improvements of metabolic phenotypes in patients with obesity and T2DM before and after bariatric surgery. Between April 2016 and January 2017, 34 adult patients with concurrent obesity and T2DM scheduled for different bariatric surgeries were prospectively evaluated by ultrasound before and 1-year after bariatric surgery to determine abdominal fat thicknesses (mesenteric fat, preperitoneal fat and subcutaneous fat) and NAFLD. At 1 year, of the 25 patients that finished the study, significant decrease in mesenteric-fat-thickness was associated with significant reduction of obesity, that is, BMI (-24%, p < .001), remission of metabolic syndrome (32%, p = .008), NAFLD (60%, p < .001) and T2DM (44%, p < .001). Lower baseline mesenteric fat thickness was associated with remission of metabolic syndrome. Lower baseline mesenteric-fat-thickness may have the potential to predict metabolic syndrome remission after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chileka Chiyanika
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lorena Tsui Fun Cheung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Hung Liu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alice Pik Shan Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Kin Hung Wong
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Enders Kwok Wai Ng
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Winnie Chiu Wing Chu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Schwärzler J, Grabherr F, Grander C, Adolph TE, Tilg H. The pathophysiology of MASLD: an immunometabolic perspective. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:375-386. [PMID: 38149354 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2294046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic-associated liver diseases have emerged pandemically across the globe and are clinically related to metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The new nomenclature and definition (i.e. metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease - MASLD; metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis - MASH) reflect the nature of these complex systemic disorders, which are characterized by inflammation, gut dysbiosis and metabolic dysregulation. In this review, we summarize recent advantages in understanding the pathophysiology of MASLD, which we parallel to emerging therapeutic concepts. AREAS COVERED We summarize the pathophysiologic concepts of MASLD and its transition to MASH and subsequent advanced sequelae of diseases. Furthermore, we highlight how dietary constituents, microbes and associated metabolites, metabolic perturbations, and immune dysregulation fuel lipotoxicity, hepatic inflammation, liver injury, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. Deciphering the intricate pathophysiologic processes that contribute to the development and progression of MASLD is essential to develop targeted therapeutic approaches to combat this escalating burden for health-care systems. EXPERT OPINION The rapidly increasing prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease challenges health-care systems worldwide. Understanding pathophysiologic traits is crucial to improve the prevention and treatment of this disorder and to slow progression into advanced sequelae such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schwärzler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Grabherr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Grander
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Pipitone RM, Lupo G, Zito R, Javed A, Petta S, Pennisi G, Grimaudo S. The PD-1/PD-L1 Axis in the Biology of MASLD. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3671. [PMID: 38612483 PMCID: PMC11011676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver (MASL), previously named nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), is a multifactorial disease in which metabolic, genetic, and environmental risk factors play a predominant role. Obesity and type 2 diabetes act as triggers of the inflammatory response, which contributes to the progression of MASL to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. In the liver, several parenchymal, nonparenchymal, and immune cells maintain immunological homeostasis, and different regulatory pathways balance the activation of the innate and adaptative immune system. PD-1/PD-L1 signaling acts, in the maintenance of the balance between the immune responses and the tissue immune homeostasis, promoting self-tolerance through the modulation of activated T cells. Recently, PD-1 has received much attention for its roles in inducing an exhausted T cells phenotype, promoting the tumor escape from immune responses. Indeed, in MASLD, the excessive fat accumulation dysregulates the immune system, increasing cytotoxic lymphocytes and decreasing their cytolytic activity. In this context, T cells exacerbate liver damage and promote tumor progression. The aim of this review is to illustrate the main pathogenetic mechanisms by which the immune system promotes the progression of MASLD and the transition to HCC, as well as to discuss the possible therapeutic applications of PD-1/PD-L1 target therapy to activate T cells and reinvigorate immune surveillance against cancer.
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Liu L, Lin J, Yin M, Liu L, Gao J, Liu X, Zhu J, Wu A. Association of the fat mass index with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis: evidence from NHANES 2017-2018. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6943. [PMID: 38521854 PMCID: PMC10960854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Limited population-based studies discuss the association between fat mass index (FMI) and the risk of liver diseases. This investigation utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to examine the linkage between the FMI and liver conditions, specifically steatosis and fibrosis. The study leveraged data from NHANES's 2017-2018 cross-sectional study, employing an oversampling technique to deal with sample imbalance. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were identified by vibration-controlled transient elastography. Receiver operating curve was used to assess the relationship of anthropometric indicators, e.g., the FMI, body mass index (BMI), weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI), percentage of body fat (BF%), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI), with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. In this study, which included 2260 participants, multivariate logistic regression models, stratified analyses, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and sharp regression discontinuity analyses were utilized. The results indicated that the WHR and the FMI achieved the highest area under the curve for identifying hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, respectively (0.720 and 0.726). Notably, the FMI presented the highest adjusted odds ratio for both hepatic steatosis (6.40 [4.91-8.38], p = 2.34e-42) and fibrosis (6.06 [5.00, 7.37], p = 5.88e-74). Additionally, potential interaction effects were observed between the FMI and variables such as the family income-to-poverty ratio, smoking status, and hypertension, all of which correlated with the presence of liver fibrosis (p for interaction < 0.05). The RCS models further confirmed a significant positive correlation of the FMI with the controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurements. Overall, the findings underscore the strong link between the FMI and liver conditions, proposing the FMI as a potential straightforward marker for identifying liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihe Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Suzhou Clinical Center of Digestive Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jiaxi Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Suzhou Clinical Center of Digestive Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Minyue Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Suzhou Clinical Center of Digestive Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jingwen Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Suzhou Clinical Center of Digestive Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Suzhou Clinical Center of Digestive Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jinzhou Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Airong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
- Suzhou Clinical Center of Digestive Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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Liang X, Liang J, Zhang S, Yan H, Luan T. Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate disrupts hepatic lipid metabolism in obese mice by activating the LXR/SREBP-1c and PPAR-α signaling pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169919. [PMID: 38199361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), a widely utilized plasticizer, has been described as a potential obesogen based on in vivo disruption of hepatic lipid homeostasis and in vitro promotion of lipid accumulation. However, limited literature exists regarding the specific ramifications of DEHP exposure on obese individuals, and the precise mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of DEHP exposure remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the impact of DEHP on hepatic lipid metabolism in obese mice by comparing them to normal mice. Following a 10-week DEHP exposure period, the obese mice exhibited higher blood lipid levels, more severe hepatic steatosis, and more infiltrations of inflammatory cells in liver tissue than normal mice. Interestingly, the body weight of the mice exhibited no significant alteration. In addition, transcriptomic analyses revealed that both lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation contributed to hepatic lipid metabolism dysregulation following DEHP exposure. More specifically, alterations in the transcription of genes associated with hepatic lipid metabolism were linked to the different responses to DEHP exposure observed in normal and obese mice. Additionally, the outcomes of in vitro experiments validated the in vivo findings and demonstrated that DEHP exposure could modify hepatic lipid metabolism in normal mice by activating the LXR/SREBP-1c signaling pathway to promote lipogenesis. At the same time, DEHP exposure led to inhibition of the Camkkβ/AMPK pathway to suppress β-fatty acid oxidation. Conversely, in obese mice, DEHP exposure was found to be associated with the stimulation of both lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation via activation of the LXR/SREBP-1c and PPAR-α signaling pathways, respectively. The findings presented in this study first elucidate the contrasting mechanisms underlying DEHP-induced liver damage in obese and normal mice, thereby offering valuable insights into the pathogenesis of DEHP-induced liver damage in individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Liang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang 515200, China
| | - Jiehua Liang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shengqi Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haowei Yan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang 515200, China.; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
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Lopez-Yus M, Hörndler C, Borlan S, Bernal-Monterde V, Arbones-Mainar JM. Unraveling Adipose Tissue Dysfunction: Molecular Mechanisms, Novel Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Targets for Liver Fat Deposition. Cells 2024; 13:380. [PMID: 38474344 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT), once considered a mere fat storage organ, is now recognized as a dynamic and complex entity crucial for regulating human physiology, including metabolic processes, energy balance, and immune responses. It comprises mainly two types: white adipose tissue (WAT) for energy storage and brown adipose tissue (BAT) for thermogenesis, with beige adipocytes demonstrating the plasticity of these cells. WAT, beyond lipid storage, is involved in various metabolic activities, notably lipogenesis and lipolysis, critical for maintaining energy homeostasis. It also functions as an endocrine organ, secreting adipokines that influence metabolic, inflammatory, and immune processes. However, dysfunction in WAT, especially related to obesity, leads to metabolic disturbances, including the inability to properly store excess lipids, resulting in ectopic fat deposition in organs like the liver, contributing to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This narrative review delves into the multifaceted roles of WAT, its composition, metabolic functions, and the pathophysiology of WAT dysfunction. It also explores diagnostic approaches for adipose-related disorders, emphasizing the importance of accurately assessing AT distribution and understanding the complex relationships between fat compartments and metabolic health. Furthermore, it discusses various therapeutic strategies, including innovative therapeutics like adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs)-based treatments and gene therapy, highlighting the potential of precision medicine in targeting obesity and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lopez-Yus
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Hörndler
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Pathology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sofia Borlan
- General and Digestive Surgery Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vanesa Bernal-Monterde
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Bilson J, Oquendo CJ, Read J, Scorletti E, Afolabi PR, Lord J, Bindels LB, Targher G, Mahajan S, Baralle D, Calder PC, Byrne CD, Sethi JK. Markers of adipose tissue fibrogenesis associate with clinically significant liver fibrosis and are unchanged by synbiotic treatment in patients with NAFLD. Metabolism 2024; 151:155759. [PMID: 38101770 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) dysfunction contributes to NAFLD pathogenesis and may be influenced by the gut microbiota. Whether transcript profiles of SAT are associated with liver fibrosis and are influenced by synbiotic treatment (that changes the gut microbiome) is unknown. We investigated: (a) whether the presence of clinically significant, ≥F2 liver fibrosis associated with adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, differential gene expression in SAT, and/or a marker of tissue fibrosis (Composite collagen gene expression (CCGE)); and (b) whether synbiotic treatment modified markers of AT dysfunction and the SAT transcriptome. METHODS Sixty-two patients with NAFLD (60 % men) were studied before and after 12 months of treatment with synbiotic or placebo and provided SAT samples. Vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE)-validated thresholds were used to assess liver fibrosis. RNA-sequencing and histological analysis of SAT were performed to determine differential gene expression, CCGE and the presence of collagen fibres. Regression modelling and receiver operator characteristic curve analysis were used to test associations with, and risk prediction for, ≥F2 liver fibrosis. RESULTS Patients with ≥F2 liver fibrosis (n = 24) had altered markers of AT dysfunction and a SAT gene expression signature characterised by enrichment of inflammatory and extracellular matrix-associated genes, compared to those with CONCLUSION A differential gene expression signature in SAT associates with ≥F2 liver fibrosis is explained by a measure of systemic insulin resistance and is not changed by synbiotic treatment. SAT CCGE values are a good predictor of ≥F2 liver fibrosis in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Bilson
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Carolina J Oquendo
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - James Read
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Eleonora Scorletti
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Division of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul R Afolabi
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jenny Lord
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UC Louvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Welbio department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy; Metabolic Diseases Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
| | - Sumeet Mahajan
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Diana Baralle
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
| | - Jaswinder K Sethi
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Zhang S, Williams KJ, Verlande-Ferrero A, Chan AP, Su GB, Kershaw EE, Cox JE, Maschek JA, Shapira SN, Christofk HR, de Aguiar Vallim TQ, Masri S, Villanueva CJ. Acute activation of adipocyte lipolysis reveals dynamic lipid remodeling of the hepatic lipidome. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100434. [PMID: 37640283 PMCID: PMC10839691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the site of long-term energy storage. During the fasting state, exercise, and cold exposure, the white adipose tissue mobilizes energy for peripheral tissues through lipolysis. The mobilization of lipids from white adipose tissue to the liver can lead to excess triglyceride accumulation and fatty liver disease. Although the white adipose tissue is known to release free fatty acids, a comprehensive analysis of lipids mobilized from white adipocytes in vivo has not been completed. In these studies, we provide a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the adipocyte-secreted lipidome and show that there is interorgan crosstalk with liver. Our analysis identifies multiple lipid classes released by adipocytes in response to activation of lipolysis. Time-dependent analysis of the serum lipidome showed that free fatty acids increase within 30 min of β3-adrenergic receptor activation and subsequently decrease, followed by a rise in serum triglycerides, liver triglycerides, and several ceramide species. The triglyceride composition of liver is enriched for linoleic acid despite higher concentrations of palmitate in the blood. To further validate that these findings were a specific consequence of lipolysis, we generated mice with conditional deletion of adipose tissue triglyceride lipase exclusively in adipocytes. This loss of in vivo adipocyte lipolysis prevented the rise in serum free fatty acids and hepatic triglycerides. Furthermore, conditioned media from adipocytes promotes lipid remodeling in hepatocytes with concomitant changes in genes/pathways mediating lipid utilization. Together, these data highlight critical role of adipocyte lipolysis in interorgan crosstalk between adipocytes and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin J Williams
- UCLA Lipidomics Lab, Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amandine Verlande-Ferrero
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alvin P Chan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gino B Su
- UCLA Lipidomics Lab, Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James E Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John Alan Maschek
- Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Suzanne N Shapira
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heather R Christofk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Q de Aguiar Vallim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Selma Masri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Claudio J Villanueva
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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40
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Miles TK, Allensworth-James ML, Odle AK, Silva Moreira AR, Haney AC, LaGasse AN, Gies AJ, Byrum SD, Riojas AM, MacNicol MC, MacNicol AM, Childs GV. Maternal undernutrition results in transcript changes in male offspring that may promote resistance to high fat diet induced weight gain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1332959. [PMID: 38720938 PMCID: PMC11077627 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1332959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutrition during embryonic development and lactation influences multiple aspects of offspring health. Using mice, this study investigates the effects of maternal caloric restriction (CR) during mid-gestation and lactation on offspring neonatal development and on adult metabolic function when challenged by a high fat diet (HFD). The CR maternal model produced male and female offspring that were significantly smaller, in terms of weight and length, and females had delayed puberty. Adult offspring born to CR dams had a sexually dimorphic response to the high fat diet. Compared to offspring of maternal control dams, adult female, but not male, CR offspring gained more weight in response to high fat diet at 10 weeks. In adipose tissue of male HFD offspring, maternal undernutrition resulted in blunted expression of genes associated with weight gain and increased expression of genes that protect against weight gain. Regardless of maternal nutrition status, HFD male offspring showed increased expression of genes associated with progression toward nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Furthermore, we observed significant, sexually dimorphic differences in serum TSH. These data reveal tissue- and sex-specific changes in gene and hormone regulation following mild maternal undernutrition, which may offer protection against diet induced weight gain in adult male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany K. Miles
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Melody L. Allensworth-James
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Angela K. Odle
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Ana Rita Silva Moreira
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Anessa C. Haney
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Alex N. LaGasse
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Allen J. Gies
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Stephanie D. Byrum
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Angelica M. Riojas
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Melanie C. MacNicol
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Angus M. MacNicol
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Gwen V. Childs
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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Hwang J, Okada J, Liu L, Pessin JE, Schwartz GJ, Jo YH. Loss of the brain-liver axis prevents hepatic steatosis in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.03.565494. [PMID: 38260695 PMCID: PMC10802435 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.03.565494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic lipid metabolism is regulated by the autonomic nervous system of the liver, with the sympathetic innervation being extensively studied, while the parasympathetic efferent innervation is less understood despite its potential importance. In this study, we investigate the consequences of disrupted brain-liver communication on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice exposed to obesogenic conditions. We found that a subset of hepatocytes and the bile duct are innervated by parasympathetic nerves originating from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. The elimination of the brain-liver axis by deleting parasympathetic cholinergic neurons innervating the liver prevents hepatic steatosis and promots browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (ingWAT). The loss of the brain-liver axis also raises hepatic Cyp7b1 expression and fasting serum bile acid levels. Furthermore, knockdown of the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 gene in ingWAT reverses the beneficial effects of the loss of the brain-liver axis, leading to the reappearance of hepatic steatosis in the experimental groups. However, deleting the brain-liver axis has a small but significant effect on body weight, which is accompanied by an increase in energy expenditure. Therefore, altering parasympathetic cholinergic innervation of the liver could offer a potential therapeutic approach for enhancing hepatic lipid metabolism in obesity and diabetes.
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Pezzino S, Luca T, Castorina M, Puleo S, Latteri S, Castorina S. Role of Perturbated Hemostasis in MASLD and Its Correlation with Adipokines. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:93. [PMID: 38255708 PMCID: PMC10820028 DOI: 10.3390/life14010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) continues to rise, making it one of the most prevalent chronic liver disorders. MASLD encompasses a range of liver pathologies, from simple steatosis to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) with inflammation, hepatocyte damage, and fibrosis. Interestingly, the liver exhibits close intercommunication with fatty tissue. In fact, adipose tissue could contribute to the etiology and advancement of MASLD, acting as an endocrine organ that releases several hormones and cytokines, with the adipokines assuming a pivotal role. The levels of adipokines in the blood are altered in people with MASLD, and recent research has shed light on the crucial role played by adipokines in regulating energy expenditure, inflammation, and fibrosis in MASLD. However, MASLD disease is a multifaceted condition that affects various aspects of health beyond liver function, including its impact on hemostasis. The alterations in coagulation mechanisms and endothelial and platelet functions may play a role in the increased vulnerability and severity of MASLD. Therefore, more attention is being given to imbalanced adipokines as causative agents in causing disturbances in hemostasis in MASLD. Metabolic inflammation and hepatic injury are fundamental components of MASLD, and the interrelation between these biological components and the hemostasis pathway is delineated by reciprocal influences, as well as the induction of alterations. Adipokines have the potential to serve as the shared elements within this complex interrelationship. The objective of this review is to thoroughly examine the existing scientific knowledge on the impairment of hemostasis in MASLD and its connection with adipokines, with the aim of enhancing our comprehension of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Pezzino
- Mediterranean Foundation “GB Morgagni”, 95125 Catania, Italy (M.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Tonia Luca
- Mediterranean Foundation “GB Morgagni”, 95125 Catania, Italy (M.C.); (S.C.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | | | - Stefano Puleo
- Mediterranean Foundation “GB Morgagni”, 95125 Catania, Italy (M.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Saverio Latteri
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Mediterranean Foundation “GB Morgagni”, 95125 Catania, Italy (M.C.); (S.C.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
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Zeng Q, Liu CH, Ampuero J, Wu D, Jiang W, Zhou L, Li H, Bai L, Romero-Gómez M, Tang H. Circular RNAs in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Functions and clinical significance. RNA Biol 2024; 21:1-15. [PMID: 38113132 PMCID: PMC10761141 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2023.2290769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which affects approximately 25% of the global population, is an urgent health issue leading to various metabolic comorbidities. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), covalently closed RNA molecules, are characterized by ubiquity, diversity, stability, and conservatism. Indeed, they participate in various biological processes via distinct mechanisms that could modify the natural history of NAFLD. In this review, we briefly introduce the biogenesis, characteristics, and biological functions of circRNAs. Furthermore, we summarize circRNAs expression profiles in NAFLD by intersecting seven sequencing data sets and describe the cellular roles of circRNAs and their potential advantages as biomarkers of NAFLD. In addition, we emphatically discuss the exosomal non-coding RNA sorting mechanisms and possible functions in recipient cells. Finally, we extensively discuss the potential application of targeting disease-related circRNAs and competing endogenous RNA networks through gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches in targeted therapy of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmin Zeng
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang-Hai Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Javier Ampuero
- Digestive Diseases Unit, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital. SeLiver group at Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS: HUVRocío/CSIC/US). University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Dongbo Wu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Li
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lang Bai
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Digestive Diseases Unit, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital. SeLiver group at Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS: HUVRocío/CSIC/US). University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Haroun N, Bennour I, Seipelt E, Astier J, Sani L, Tardivel C, Svilar L, Martin JC, Mounien L, Landrier JF. Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency in Mice Sex-Dependently Affects Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Offspring. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300290. [PMID: 38010607 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is becoming a global issue and low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) plasma levels have been linked to hepatic steatosis in adulthood. Nevertheless, the impact of maternal VDD on lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis remains poorly documented, especially under obesogenic condition. The goal of this study is to assess the effects of maternal VDD on hepatic lipid accumulation in adult offspring fed a normal or obesogenic diet. METHODS AND RESULTS Several approaches are implemented including histology and lipidomics on the liver in both males and females. No major impact of high-fat (HF) or VDD is observed at histological level in both males and females. Nevertheless, in males born from VDD mice and fed an HF diet, an increase of total lipids and modulation of the relative lipid species distribution characterized by a decrease of triglycerides and increase of phospholipids is observed. In female no major lipid profile is noticed. CONCLUSION Maternal VDD combined with a HF diet in male may predispose to hepatic hypertrophia, with a specific lipid profile. Such observations reinforce our knowledge of the impact of maternal VDD on hepatic programming in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Haroun
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, 13000, France
| | - Imene Bennour
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, 13000, France
| | - Eva Seipelt
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, 13000, France
| | - Julien Astier
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, 13000, France
| | - Léa Sani
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, 13000, France
| | - Catherine Tardivel
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, 13000, France
- Biomet, C2VN, CriBiom, Marseille, 13000, France
| | - Ljubica Svilar
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, 13000, France
- Biomet, C2VN, CriBiom, Marseille, 13000, France
| | - Jean-Charles Martin
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, 13000, France
- Biomet, C2VN, CriBiom, Marseille, 13000, France
| | - Lourdes Mounien
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, 13000, France
- PhenoMARS, C2VN, CriBiom, Marseille, 13000, France
| | - Jean François Landrier
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, 13000, France
- PhenoMARS, C2VN, CriBiom, Marseille, 13000, France
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Wu X, Arya RK, Huang E, McMullen MR, Nagy LE. Receptor-interacting protein 1 and 3 kinase activity are required for high-fat diet induced liver injury in mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1267996. [PMID: 38161978 PMCID: PMC10757356 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1267996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The RIP1-RIP3-MLKL-mediated cell death pathway is associated with progression of non-alcohol-associated fatty liver/steatohepatitis (NAFL/NASH). Previous work identified a critical role for MLKL, the key effector regulating necroptosis, but not RIP3, in mediating high fat diet-induced liver injury in mice. RIP1 and RIP3 have active N-terminus kinase domains essential for activation of MLKL and subsequent necroptosis. However, little is known regarding domain-specific roles of RIP1/RIP3 kinase in liver diseases. Here, we hypothesized that RIP1/RIP3 kinase activity are required for the development of high fat diet-induced liver injury. Methods Rip1K45A/K45A and Rip3K51A/K51A kinase-dead mice on a C57BL/6J background and their littermate controls (WT) were allowed free access to a diet high in fat, fructose and cholesterol (FFC diet) or chow diet. Results Both Rip1K45A/K45A and Rip3K51A/K51A mice were protected against FFC diet-induced steatosis, hepatocyte injury and expression of hepatic inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. FFC diet increased phosphorylation and oligomerization of MLKL and hepatocyte death in livers of WT, but not in Rip3K51A/K51A, mice. Consistent with in vivo data, RIP3 kinase deficiency in primary hepatocytes prevented palmitic acid-induced translocation of MLKL to the cell surface and cytotoxicity. Additionally, loss of Rip1 or Rip3 kinase suppressed FFC diet-mediated formation of crown-like structures (indicators of dead adipocytes) and expression of mRNA for inflammatory response genes in epididymal adipose tissue. Moreover, FFC diet increased expression of multiple adipokines, including leptin and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, in WT mice, which was abrogated by Rip3 kinase deficiency. Discussion The current data indicate that both RIP1 and RIP3 kinase activity contribute to FFC diet-induced liver injury. This effect of RIP1 and RIP3 kinase deficiency on injury is consistent with the protection of Mlkl-/- mice from high fat diet-induced liver injury, but not the reported lack of protection in Rip3-/- mice. Taken together with previous reports, our data suggest that other domains of RIP3 likely counteract the effect of RIP3 kinase in response to high fat diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wu
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Rakesh K. Arya
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Emily Huang
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Megan R. McMullen
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Salvoza N, Giraudi P, Gazzin S, Bonazza D, Palmisano S, de Manzini N, Zanconati F, Raseni A, Sirianni F, Tiribelli C, Rosso N. The potential role of omentin-1 in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: evidence from translational studies. J Transl Med 2023; 21:906. [PMID: 38082368 PMCID: PMC10714452 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, characterized by visceral adipose tissue (VAT) expansion, is closely associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Recent research has highlighted the crucial role of the adipose tissue-liver axis in the development of MASLD. In this study, we investigated the potential role of omentin-1, a novel adipokine expressed by VAT, in obesity-related MASLD pathogenesis. METHODS Through in silico analysis of differentially expressed genes in VAT from obese patients with and without MASH, we identified omentin-1 as a significant candidate. To validate our findings, we measured omentin-1 levels in VAT and plasma of lean controls and obese patients with biopsy-proven MASLD. Additionally, we assessed omentin-1 expression in the VAT of diet-induced mice MASLD model. In vitro and ex vivo studies were conducted to investigate the effects of omentin-1 on MASLD-related mechanisms, including steatosis, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and oxidative stress. We also analyzed the impact of D-glucose and insulin on VAT omentin-1 levels ex vivo. RESULTS Compared to the lean group, the obese groups exhibited significantly lower VAT and plasma levels of omentin-1. Interestingly, within the obese groups, omentin-1 is further decreased in MASH groups, independent of fibrosis. Likewise, VAT of mice fed with high-fat diet, showing histological signs of MASH showed decreased omentin-1 levels as compared to their control diet counterpart. In vitro experiments on fat-laden human hepatocytes revealed that omentin-1 did not affect steatosis but significantly reduced TNF-α levels, ER stress, and oxidative stress. Similar results were obtained using ex vivo VAT explants from obese patients upon omentin-1 supplementation. Furthermore, omentin-1 decreased the mRNA expression of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK and JNK). Ex vivo VAT explants showed that D-glucose and insulin significantly reduced omentin-1 mRNA expression and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings suggest that reduced omentin-1 levels contribute to the development of MASLD. Omentin-1 supplementation likely exerts its beneficial effects through the inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, and it may additionally play a role in the regulation of glucose and insulin metabolism. Further research is warranted to explore omentin-1 as a potential therapeutic target and/or biomarker for MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Salvoza
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, ONLUS Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- School of Molecular Biomedicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pablo Giraudi
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, ONLUS Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Gazzin
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, ONLUS Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Deborah Bonazza
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Cattinara Hospital, ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Palmisano
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, ONLUS Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicolò de Manzini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Alan Raseni
- Clinical Chemistry Urgency Laboratory Spoke, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Paediatric Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Sirianni
- Clinical Chemistry Urgency Laboratory Spoke, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Paediatric Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, ONLUS Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Natalia Rosso
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, ONLUS Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
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Minato-Inokawa S, Tsuboi-Kaji A, Honda M, Takeuchi M, Kitaoka K, Kurata M, Wu B, Kazumi T, Fukuo K. Associations of Alanine Aminotransferase/Aspartate Aminotransferase, a Marker of Hepatosteatosis, with Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance Index and Leptin/Adiponectin Ratio in Japanese Women. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:590-595. [PMID: 38011534 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: We assessed whether alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST), a marker of hepatic steatosis, may be associated with adipose tissue dysfunction more closely than hepatic and muscle insulin resistance (IR). Methods: Associations with adipose tissue IR index (AT-IR) calculated as a product of fasting insulin and free fatty acids, leptin/adiponectin ratio, a proxy of adipocyte dysfunction, homeostasis model assessment IR (HOMA-IR), hepatic and muscle IR inferred from plasma insulin kinetics during a 75 grams oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were studied in nondiabetic 307 young and 148 middle-aged Japanese women, whose body mass index averaged 20 and 22 kilograms/m2, respectively. Results: On multivariate linear regression analysis in young women, ALT/AST was associated with trunk/leg fat ratio (standardized β = 0.202, P = 0.007), a marker of abdominal fat accumulation, and AT-IR (standardized β = 0.185, P = 0.003) independently of HOMA-IR and Matsuda index (R2 = 0.07). In middle-aged women, leptin/adiponectin ratio (standardized β = 0.446, P < 0.001) and AT-IR (standardized β = 0.292, P = 0.009) emerged as determinants of ALT/AST independently of trunk/leg fat ratio, OGTT-derived hepatic IR, leptin, and adiponectin (R2 = 0.34). Conclusions: ALT/AST was associated with AT-IR and adipocyte dysfunction more closely than hepatic and muscle IR even in nondiabetic lean Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Minato-Inokawa
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Laboratory of Community Health and Nutrition, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tsuboi-Kaji
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Honda
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mika Takeuchi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kaori Kitaoka
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Epidemiology, Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Miki Kurata
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Bin Wu
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tsutomu Kazumi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Kohan Kakogawa Hospital, Kakogawa, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukuo
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Lu CW, Yang KC, Chi YC, Wu TY, Chiang CH, Chang HH, Huang KC, Yang WS. Adiponectin-leptin ratio for the early detection of lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease independent of insulin resistance. Ann Med 2023; 55:634-642. [PMID: 36790383 PMCID: PMC9937001 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2179106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lean Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) shares a similar disease burden to those of their overweight counterparts and should be detected early. We hypothesized that the adiponectin-leptin ratio (AL ratio) could be a good marker for early detection of lean NAFLD independent of insulin resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 575 adults without diabetes were enrolled in a community-based study. The subjects were stratified into the lean controls, lean NAFLD, simple overweight/obesity and overweight/obesity NAFLD groups according to body mass index (BMI) and ultrasonographic fatty liver indicators. Serum adiponectin and leptin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the odds ratio of having NAFLD in relation to the tertiles of serum AL concentration after adjustment. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were applied to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the AL ratio for NAFLD. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 42.8 ± 11.5 years. Comparing with the lean controls, the odds of having lean NAFLD for the highest versus the lowest tertile of AL ratio was 0.28(95%CI: 0.12-0.69) after adjustment. Putting AL ratio, BMI, triglyceride, AST/ALT ratio to the diagnosis performance of NAFLD, the ROC was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.82-0.88), 0.83 (95% CI 0.78-0.87) and 0.86 (95% CI 081-0.91) for all NAFLD, NAFLD in women and NAFLD in men, respectively. (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that the AL ratio could be a good biomarker to early distinguish lean NAFLD patients from lean controls independent of insulin resistance. [AQ3]Key messagesThe prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases globally and is related to liver diseases and metabolic dysfunctions. Lean subset of NAFLD shares a similar disease burden to those of their overweight counterparts and should be detected early.Adiponectin-leptin ratio were associated with the severity of steatosis and was a predictor of obese NAFLD better than each single adipokine. To date, there is no investigation that explores specifically for the relationship between lean NAFLD and AL ratio.Our study found that adiponectin-leptin ratio is a sole independent marker regardless of insulin resistance in lean NAFLD. Having lean NAFLD for the highest versus the lowest tertile of adiponectin-leptin ratio was 0.28(95%CI: 0.12-0.69) after adjustment of age, sex, current smoking, exercise habits, HOMA-IR and AST/ALT. ROC for the NAFLD performance is good for the early detection (0.85; 95% CI: 0.82-0.88). Further rigorous investigation is necessary and should be promptly performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Lu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Cheh Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Chi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Yu Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsieh Chiang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shiung Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Terzo S, Calvi P, Giardina M, Gallizzi G, Di Carlo M, Nuzzo D, Picone P, Puleio R, Mulè F, Scoglio S, Amato A. Positive Impacts of Aphanizomenon Flos Aquae Extract on Obesity-Related Dysmetabolism in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity. Cells 2023; 12:2706. [PMID: 38067134 PMCID: PMC10705513 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the ability of KlamExtra®, an Aphanizomenon flos aquae (AFA) extract, to counteract metabolic dysfunctions due to a high fat diet (HFD) or to accelerate their reversion induced by switching an HFD to a normocaloric diet in mice with diet-induced obesity. A group of HFD mice was fed with an HFD supplemented with AFA (HFD-AFA) and another one was fed with regular chow (standard diet-STD) alone or supplemented with AFA (STD-AFA). AFA was able to significantly reduce body weight, hypertriglyceridemia, liver fat accumulation and adipocyte size in HFD mice. AFA also reduced hyperglycaemia, insulinaemia, HOMA-IR and ameliorated the glucose tolerance and the insulin response of obese mice. Furthermore, in obese mice AFA normalised the gene and the protein expression of factors involved in lipid metabolism (FAS, PPAR-γ, SREBP-1c and FAT-P mRNA), inflammation (TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA, NFkB and IL-10 proteins) and oxidative stress (ROS levels and SOD activity). Interestingly, AFA accelerated the STD-induced reversion of glucose dysmetabolism, hepatic and VAT inflammation and oxidative stress. In conclusion, AFA supplementation prevents HFD-induced dysmetabolism and accelerates the STD-dependent recovery of glucose dysmetabolism by positively modulating oxidative stress, inflammation and the expression of the genes linked to lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Terzo
- Department of Biological-Chemical-Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pasquale Calvi
- Department of Biological-Chemical-Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Giardina
- Department of Biological-Chemical-Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giacoma Gallizzi
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Di Carlo
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Nuzzo
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pasquale Picone
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Puleio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Flavia Mulè
- Department of Biological-Chemical-Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Amato
- Department of Biological-Chemical-Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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50
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Zanin-Zhorov A, Chen W, Moretti J, Nyuydzefe MS, Zhorov I, Munshi R, Ghosh M, Serdjebi C, MacDonald K, Blazar BR, Palmer M, Waksal SD. Selectivity matters: selective ROCK2 inhibitor ameliorates established liver fibrosis via targeting inflammation, fibrosis, and metabolism. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1176. [PMID: 37980369 PMCID: PMC10657369 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis is driven by dysregulated metabolism precipitated by chronic inflammation. Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinases (ROCKs) have been implicated in these processes, however the ability of selective ROCK2 inhibition to target simultaneously profibrotic, pro-inflammatory and metabolic pathways remains undocumented. Here we show that therapeutic administration of GV101, a selective ROCK2 inhibitor with more than 1000-fold selectivity over ROCK1, attenuates established liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in combination with high-fat diet in mice. GV101 treatment significantly reduces collagen levels in liver, associated with downregulation of pCofilin, pSTAT3, pAkt, while pSTAT5 and pAMPK levels are increased in tissues of treated mice. In vitro, GV101 inhibits profibrogenic markers expression in fibroblasts, adipogenesis in primary adipocytes and TLR-induced cytokine secretion in innate immune cells via targeting of Akt-mTOR-S6K signaling axis, further uncovering the ROCK2-specific complex mechanism of action and therapeutic potential of highly selective ROCK2 inhibitors in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Chen
- Graviton Bioscience B.V, Amsterdam, 1017 CG, Netherlands
| | - Julien Moretti
- Graviton Bioscience B.V, Amsterdam, 1017 CG, Netherlands
| | | | - Iris Zhorov
- Graviton Bioscience B.V, Amsterdam, 1017 CG, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Kelli MacDonald
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Australia
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapies, University of MN, Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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