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Jung S, Seo J, Kim JY, Park S. Associations of Ultra-Processed Food Intake with Body Fat and Skeletal Muscle Mass by Sociodemographic Factors. Diabetes Metab J 2024; 48:780-789. [PMID: 38310874 PMCID: PMC11307108 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2023.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND The effects of excessive ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption on body composition measures or sociodemographic disparities are understudied in Korea. We aimed to investigate the association of UPF intake with percent body fat (PBF) and percent appendicular skeletal muscle mass (PASM) by sociodemographic status in adults. METHODS This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2011 (n=11,123 aged ≥40 years). We used a NOVA system to classify all foods reported in a 24-hour dietary recall, and the percentage of energy intake (%kcal) from UPFs was estimated. PBF and PASM were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Tertile (T) 3 of PBF indicated adiposity and T1 of PASM indicated low skeletal muscle mass, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) after adjusting covariates. RESULTS UPF intake was positively associated with PBF-defined adiposity (ORper 10% increase, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.002 to 1.08) and low PASM (ORper 10% increase, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.09). These associations were stronger in rural residents (PBF: ORper 10% increase, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.23; PASM: ORper 10% increase, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.23) and not college graduates (PBF: ORper 10% increase, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.11; PASM: ORper 10% increase, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.12) than their counterparts. CONCLUSION A higher UPF intake was associated with higher adiposity and lower skeletal muscle mass among Korean adults aged 40 years and older, particularly in those from rural areas and with lower education levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukyoung Jung
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jaehee Seo
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jee Young Kim
- National Food Safety Information Service, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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2
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Schaefer SM, Kaiser A, Eichner G, Fasshauer M. Association of sugar intake from different sources with cardiovascular disease incidence in the prospective cohort of UK Biobank participants. Nutr J 2024; 23:22. [PMID: 38383449 PMCID: PMC10882929 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relation between incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and sugar might not only depend on the quantity consumed but also on its source. This study aims to assess the association between various sources of dietary sugars and CVD incidence in the prospective population-based UK Biobank cohort. METHODS A total of 176,352 participants from the UK Biobank with at least one web-based dietary questionnaire (Oxford WebQ) for assessment of sugar intake were included in this study. Mean follow-up lasted 10.9 years (standard deviation 2.0), with 12,355 incident cases of CVD. To determine the association of free sugar (FS) and intrinsic sugar intake with incident CVD, hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression models. FS intake from beverages and beverage subtypes, i.e., soda/fruit drinks, juice, milk-based drinks, and tea/coffee, as well as from solid foods and solids subtypes, i.e., treats, cereals, toppings, and sauces, was included as penalised cubic splines. RESULTS FS intake showed a J-shaped relationship with CVD risk, reaching the lowest HR (HR-nadir) at 9 %E, while intrinsic sugars displayed a non-linear descending association, with the HR-nadir at 14 %E. FS in beverages demonstrated a significant linear relationship with CVD with the HR-nadir at 3 %E, while FS in solids exhibited a significant non-linear U-shaped relationship with the HR-nadir at 7 %E. Within the beverage subtypes, soda/fruit drinks displayed a linear relationship, as did to a lesser extent FS in milk-based drinks and tea/coffee. Juice, however, showed a significant U-shaped relationship with CVD risk. Among solid foods subtypes, FS in treats had a J-shaped relation with the HR-nadir at 5 %E, and FS in cereals showed a linear association. In comparison, FS in toppings and sauces exhibited a U-shaped pattern with HR-nadir at 3 %E and 0.5 %E, respectively. All major results remained similar in various sensitivity analyses and were more robust for ischemic heart disease compared to stroke. CONCLUSIONS Only some sources of FS exhibit a robust positive association with CVD incidence. Public health efforts aiming at the reduction of CVD risk should prioritise the reduction of sugary beverages with an emphasis on soda/fruit drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylva Mareike Schaefer
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, 35390, Germany.
| | - Anna Kaiser
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, 35390, Germany
| | - Gerrit Eichner
- Mathematical Institute, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mathias Fasshauer
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, 35390, Germany
- Center for Sustainable Food Systems, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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3
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Vahid F, Krischler P, Leners B, Bohn T. Effect of Digested Selected Food Items on Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in a Caco-2-Based Human Gut Epithelial Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:150. [PMID: 38397747 PMCID: PMC10885899 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gut epithelium presents a crucial interface between ingested food items and the host. Understanding how different food items influence oxidative stress and inflammation in the gut is of great importance. This study assessed the impact of various digested food items on oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA/RNA damage in human gut epithelial cells. Differentiated Caco-2 cells were exposed to food items and their combinations (n = 22) selected from a previous study, including sausage, white chocolate, soda, coffee, orange juice, and curcumin. Following stimulation with TNF-α/IFN-1β/LPS and H2O2 for 4 h, the cells were exposed to digested food items or appropriate controls (empty digesta and medium) for a further 16 h. Cell viability, antioxidant capacity (ABTS, FRAP), IL-6, IL-8, F2-isoprostanes, lipid peroxidation (MDA), and DNA/RNA oxidative damage were assessed (3 independent triplicates). The ABTS assay revealed that cells treated with "white chocolate" and "sausage + coffee" exhibited significantly reduced antioxidant capacity compared to stimulated control cells (ABTS = 52.3%, 54.8%, respectively, p < 0.05). Similar results were observed for FRAP (sausage = 34.9%; white chocolate + sausage = 35.1%). IL-6 levels increased in cells treated with "white chocolate + sausage" digesta (by 101%, p < 0.05). Moreover, MDA levels were significantly elevated in cells treated with digested "sausage" or sausage in combination with other food items. DNA/RNA oxidative damage was found to be higher in digesta containing sausage or white chocolate (up to 550%, p < 0.05) compared to stimulated control cells. This investigation provides insights into how different food items may affect gut health and underscores the complex interplay between food components and the epithelium at this critical interface of absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (F.V.); (P.K.); (B.L.)
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4
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Sakr H, Khired Z, Moghadas M. In Rats, Whole and Refined Grains Decrease Bone Mineral Density and Content through Modulating Osteoprotegerin and Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1686. [PMID: 37371781 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat is a staple grain in most parts of the world and is also frequently used in livestock feed. The current study looked at the impact of a wheat grain diet on bone turnover markers. Thirty male rats (n = 10) were separated into three groups of ten. The rats in Group 1 were fed a chow diet, while the rats in Group 2 were provided whole grains. The rats in Group 3 were fed refined grains. Each rat's bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured after 12 weeks in the tibia of the right hind limb. We also looked at the amounts of bone turnover indicators in the blood. TRAP-5b (Tartrate-resistant acid Phosphatase 5b), NTx (N-telopeptide of type I collagen), DPD (deoxypyridinoline), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OC), as well as the levels of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (RANK) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Rats fed whole and refined grains showed lower BMC and BMD (p < 0.05) than the control group rats. The grain diet resulted in lower OPG, OC, and ALP levels than the chow-fed rats, as well as significantly higher (p < 0.05) levels of RANK, DPD, TRAB 5b, and NTx. In a rat model, an exclusive whole or refined grain diet lowered bone turnover and mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Sakr
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Zenat Khired
- Surgical Department, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marzieh Moghadas
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
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5
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Vahid F, Wagener L, Leners B, Bohn T. Pro- and Antioxidant Effect of Food Items and Matrices during Simulated In Vitro Digestion. Foods 2023; 12:1719. [PMID: 37107513 PMCID: PMC10137800 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The digestive tract can be considered a bioreactor. High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during digestion may predispose for local and/or systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, e.g., inflammatory bowel diseases. Food items rich in antioxidants may prevent such aggravation. This investigation analyzed pro-and antioxidant patterns of food matrices/items following in vitro digestion. Gastrointestinal digestion reflecting typically consumed quantities was performed on nine food items (orange and tomato juice, soda, coffee, white chocolate, sausage, vitamin C and E, and curcumin) and their combinations (n = 24), using the INFOGEST model. Antioxidant potential was measured by FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS, and pro-oxidant aspects by MDA (malondialdehyde) and peroxide formation. An anti-pro-oxidant score was developed, combining the five assays. Liquid food items showed moderately high antioxidant values, except for coffee and orange juice, which exhibited a high antioxidant potential. Solid matrices, e.g., white chocolate and sausage, showed both high pro-oxidant (up to 22 mg/L MDA) and high antioxidant potential (up to 336 mg/L vitamin C equivalents) at the same time. Individual vitamins (C and E) at physiological levels (achievable from food items) showed a moderate antioxidant potential (<220 mg/L vitamin C equivalents). Overall, both antioxidant and pro-oxidant assays correlated well, with correlation coefficients of up to 0.894. The effects of food combinations were generally additive, i.e., non-synergistic, except for combinations with sausage, where strong quenching effects for MDA were observed, e.g., with orange juice. In conclusion, as especially highlighted by complex matrices demonstrating both pro- and antioxidant potential, only measuring one aspect would result in physiological misinterpretations. Therefore, it is imperative to employ a combination of assays to evaluate both pro- and antioxidant properties of food digesta to ensure physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
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6
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Phuong-Nguyen K, McNeill BA, Aston-Mourney K, Rivera LR. Advanced Glycation End-Products and Their Effects on Gut Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020405. [PMID: 36678276 PMCID: PMC9867518 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of compounds formed when reducing sugars are heated with proteins, amino acids, or lipids at high temperatures for a prolonged period. The presence and accumulation of AGEs in numerous cell types and tissues are known to be prevalent in the pathology of many diseases. Modern diets, which contain a high proportion of processed foods and therefore a high level of AGE, cause deleterious effects leading to a multitude of unregulated intracellular and extracellular signalling and inflammatory pathways. Currently, many studies focus on investigating the chemical and structural aspects of AGEs and how they affect the metabolism and the cardiovascular and renal systems. Studies have also shown that AGEs affect the digestive system. However, there is no complete picture of the implication of AGEs in this area. The gastrointestinal tract is not only the first and principal site for the digestion and absorption of dietary AGEs but also one of the most susceptible organs to AGEs, which may exert many local and systemic effects. In this review, we summarise the current evidence of the association between a high-AGE diet and poor health outcomes, with a special focus on the relationship between dietary AGEs and alterations in the gastrointestinal structure, modifications in enteric neurons, and microbiota reshaping.
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7
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Musiol S, Harris CP, Karlina R, Gostner JM, Rathkolb B, Schnautz B, Schneider E, Mair L, Vergara EE, Flexeder C, Koletzko S, Bauer CP, Schikowski T, Berdel D, von Berg A, Herberth G, Rozman J, Hrabe de Angelis M, Standl M, Schmidt-Weber CB, Ussar S, Alessandrini F. Dietary digestible carbohydrates are associated with higher prevalence of asthma in humans and with aggravated lung allergic inflammation in mice. Allergy 2022; 78:1218-1233. [PMID: 36424672 DOI: 10.1111/all.15589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary carbohydrates and fats are intrinsically correlated within the habitual diet. We aimed to disentangle the associations of starch and sucrose from those of fat, in relation to allergic sensitization, asthma and rhinoconjuctivitis prevalence in humans, and to investigate underlying mechanisms using murine models. METHODS Epidemiological data from participants of two German birth cohorts (age 15) were used in logistic regression analyses testing cross-sectional associations of starch and sucrose (and their main dietary sources) with aeroallergen sensitization, asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis, adjusting for correlated fats (saturated, monounsaturated, omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated) and other covariates. For mechanistic insights, murine models of aeroallergen-induced allergic airway inflammation (AAI) fed with a low-fat-high-sucrose or -high-starch versus a high-fat diet were used to characterize and quantify disease development. Metabolic and physiologic parameters were used to track outcomes of dietary interventions and cellular and molecular responses to monitor the development of AAI. Oxidative stress biomarkers were measured in murine sera or lung homogenates. RESULTS We demonstrate a direct association of dietary sucrose with asthma prevalence in males, while starch was associated with higher asthma prevalence in females. In mice, high-carbohydrate feeding, despite scant metabolic effects, aggravated AAI compared to high-fat in both sexes, as displayed by humoral response, mucus hypersecretion, lung inflammatory cell infiltration and TH 2-TH 17 profiles. Compared to high-fat, high-carbohydrate intake was associated with increased pulmonary oxidative stress, signals of metabolic switch to glycolysis and decreased systemic anti-oxidative capacity. CONCLUSION High consumption of digestible carbohydrates is associated with an increased prevalence of asthma in humans and aggravated lung allergic inflammation in mice, involving oxidative stress-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Musiol
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Carla P Harris
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruth Karlina
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johanna M Gostner
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schnautz
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Evelyn Schneider
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Mair
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ernesto Elorduy Vergara
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Flexeder
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Carl-Peter Bauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dietrich Berdel
- Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany
| | - Andrea von Berg
- Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany
| | - Gunda Herberth
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Rozman
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences (SoLS), Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Francesca Alessandrini
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
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8
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Long C, Yoon MS. Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the sugar-sweetened beverages media literacy scale for undergraduates. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1009838. [PMID: 36311605 PMCID: PMC9615564 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1009838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific domains of the Sugar-Sweetened Media Literacy Scale (SSM-ML) have been shown to significantly assess sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) calorie intake in the US population. This study aimed to describe the psychometric properties of the revised Chinese version of the SSB-ML (C-SSB-ML) and evaluate its validity and reliability. Results from 975 undergraduates at two of the largest universities in a province in southwest China showed that Cronbach's alphas for the overall scale, the three dimensions, and two-halves analysis were satisfactory (0.71-0.92). The criterion-related validity of the C-SSB-ML was positively associated with the e Health literacy scale (eHEALS). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factor model of the C-SSB-ML had adequate fit indices χ2 (153) = 4349.93, p < 0.001; Comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), Incremental fit index (IFI) >0.90; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) <0.07; and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) <0.08. Our findings provide evidence for a valid and reliable tool that can be used to assess sugar-sweetened media literacy in Chinese undergraduates and will help organizations leverage media literacy in strategy formulation to ensure SSB intake is controlled as much as possible through effective efforts on all fronts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Long
- Health Services Management Department, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China,Department of Social Welfare, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Myeong Sook Yoon
- Department of Social Welfare, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea,*Correspondence: Myeong Sook Yoon
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Association of all-cause mortality with sugar intake from different sources in the prospective cohort of UK Biobank participants. Br J Nutr 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36204988 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522003233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study elucidates the association of intrinsic sugars and free sugars (FS) from all relevant sources with all-cause mortality in the prospective UK Biobank cohort. Sugar intake was assessed in 186 811 UK Biobank participants who completed at least one web-based 24-h dietary recall (Oxford WebQ). Cox proportional hazard regression models for all-cause mortality were used with sugar intake from different sources included as penalised cubic splines to allow non-linear predictor effects. Over a mean follow-up of 12·3 years, 8576 (4·6 %) deaths occurred. FS but not intrinsic sugars were significantly and dose-dependently associated with hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality. The association with all-cause mortality was significant and dose dependent for FS in beverages, but not in solids with the mean (CI) HR at 50 g/d v. 0 g/d consumption at 1·10, 95 % CI (1·07, 1·14) and 1·01, 95 % CI (0·98, 1·03), respectively. Within the beverages subcategories, a significant dose-dependent association with mortality was detected for FS in soda/fruit drinks and milk-based drinks whereas this relation was NS for FS in pure juice and tea/coffee. FS in four different subtypes of solids, i.e. treats, cereals, toppings and sauces, were not positively associated with all-cause mortality. Major findings were robust in sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, only some FS sources were associated with all-cause mortality. Interventions targeting FS subtypes might be most effective concerning mortality if focused on the reduction of soda/fruit drinks and milk-based sugary drinks; however, the present results need to be confirmed by independent studies.
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10
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Zhang Z, Zhang XR, Jin
T, Yang CG, Sun YP, Li Q, Yang K. Antibacterial mechanism of Cu-bearing 430 ferritic stainless steel. RARE METALS 2022; 41:559-569. [PMID: 34177195 PMCID: PMC8214840 DOI: 10.1007/s12598-021-01751-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu)-bearing stainless steel has testified its effectiveness to reduce the risk of bacterial infections. However, its antibacterial mechanism is still controversial. Therefore, three 430 ferritic stainless steels with different Cu contents are selected to conduct deeper research by the way of bacterial inactivation from two aspects of material and biology. Hereinto, electrochemical and antibacterial results show that the increase in Cu content simultaneously improves the corrosion resistance and antibacterial property of 430 stainless steel. In addition, it is found that Escherichia coli (E. coli) on the surface 430 Cu-bearing stainless steel by the dry method of inoculation possesses a rapid inactivation ability. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) aids with ion chelation experiments prove that Cu (I) plays a more crucial role in the contact-killing efficiency than Cu (II), resulting from more production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036 China
| | - Xin-Rui Zhang
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Shenyang Chest Hospital, Shenyang, 110044 China
| | - Chun-Guang Yang
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Yu-Peng Sun
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036 China
| | - Ke Yang
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016 China
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11
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Mumena WA. Consumption of Free Sugar Predicts Nutrient Intake of Saudi Children. Front Nutr 2021; 8:782853. [PMID: 34869544 PMCID: PMC8634584 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.782853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Data concerning the association between free sugar intake and nutrient intake in children in the Middle East are not available. This study aimed to explore the association between the consumption of free sugar and nutrient intake among Saudi children. A cross-sectional study included 424 Saudi children ages between 6 and 12 years old and their mothers. An online survey collected sociodemographic data from mothers. Trained data collector personal contacted mothers to arrange for a phone interview in order to collect 24-h dietary recall to assess the dietary intake of children. Only 0.90% of children consumed free sugar within the recent recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO) of <5% of total energy intake, whereas 10.6% of children consumed free sugar <10% of total energy intake. The percentage of free sugar intake was negatively associated with total energy intake. Multiple linear regression analysis of free sugar consumption and nutrient intake adjusted for children's age and sex indicated that a higher percentage of free sugar intake significantly predicted lower intake of saturated fat, fiber, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin B12. Excessive intake of free sugar predicted a lower intake of many essential nutrients. Interventions that aim to reduce the intake of free sugar are urgently needed in order to improve diet of growing children. Future research to explore top food sources of free sugar is needed to establish effective interventions that aim to limit free sugar intake among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Abdullah Mumena
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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Fakhlaei R, Selamat J, Razis AFA, Sukor R, Ahmad S, Amani Babadi A, Khatib A. In Vivo Toxicity Evaluation of Sugar Adulterated Heterotrigona itama Honey Using Zebrafish Model. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206222. [PMID: 34684803 PMCID: PMC8538600 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey is prone to be adulterated through mixing with sugars, cheap and low-quality honey, and other adulterants. Consumption of adulterated honey may cause several health issues such as weight gain, diabetes, and liver and kidney dysfunction. Therefore, studying the impact of consumption of adulterated honey on consumers is critical since there is a lack of study in this field. Hence, the aims of this paper were: (1) to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) of adulterated honey using zebrafish embryo, (2) to elucidate toxicology of selected adulterated honey based on lethal dose (LD50) using adult zebrafish, (3) to determine the effects of adulterated honey on histological changes of zebrafish, and (4) to screen the metabolites profile of adulterated honey by using zebrafish blood serum. The LC50 of Heterotrigona itama honey (acacia honey) and its sugar adulterants (light corn sugar, cane sugar, inverted sugar, and palm sugar in the proportion of 1-3% (w/w) from the total volume) was determined by the toxicological assessment of honey samples on zebrafish embryos (different exposure concentrations in 24, 48, 72, and 96 h postfertilization (hpf)). Pure H. itama honey represents the LC50 of 34.40 ± 1.84 (mg/mL) at 96 hpf, while the inverted sugar represents the lowest LC50 (5.03 ± 0.92 mg/mL) among sugar adulterants. The highest concentration (3%) of sugar adulterants were used to study the toxicology of adulterated honey using adult zebrafish in terms of acute, prolong-acute, and sub-acute tests. The results of the LD50 from the sub-acute toxicity test of pure H. itama honey was 2.33 ± 0.24 (mg/mL). The histological studies of internal organs showed a lesion in the liver, kidney, and spleen of adulterated treated-honey groups compared to the control group. Furthermore, the LC-MS/MS results revealed three endogenous metabolites in both the pure and adulterated honey treated groups, as follows: (1) S-Cysteinosuccinic acid, (2) 2,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid, and (3) Cysteinyl-Tyrosine. The results of this study demonstrated that adulterated honey caused mortality, which contributes to higher toxicity, and also suggested that the zebrafish toxicity test could be a standard method for assessing the potential toxicity of other hazardous food additives. The information gained from this research will permit an evaluation of the potential risk associated with the consumption of adulterated compared to pure honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafieh Fakhlaei
- Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.F.); (R.S.)
| | - Jinap Selamat
- Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.F.); (R.S.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-38-9769-1099
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashidah Sukor
- Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.F.); (R.S.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Syahida Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Arman Amani Babadi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 55469-14177, Iran;
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia;
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Ertuglu LA, Afsar B, Yildiz AB, Demiray A, Ortiz A, Covic A, Kanbay M. Substitution of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages for Other Beverages: Can It Be the Next Step Towards Healthy Aging? Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 10:399-412. [PMID: 34595722 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-021-00372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With the prolongation of life expectancy, the gap between lifespan and "health span," the disease-free lifespan, has been widening due to the massive burden of age-related chronic diseases and research on healthy aging has been gaining momentum. A growing body of evidence suggests that diet is a strong determinant of healthy aging and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), a major source of added sugars, predicts poor health outcomes in the aging population, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Evidence further supports a link between sugar-sweetened beverages-triggered pathological processes and biologic factors of aging, including inflammaging, oxidative stress, and alterations in intestinal microbiota. At present, substitution of sugar-sweetened beverages with healthier alternative beverage remains the most robust strategy to limit the deleterious effects of sugar-sweetened beverages on health worldwide and may help achieve healthy longevity. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of mechanisms by which sugar-sweetened beverages consumption may impact the physiological aging process and how a simple intervention of beverage replacement may promote healthy aging. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings indicate that SSB are associated with accelerated aging phenotype and activate various adverse biological processes such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and gut dysbiosis. Replacing SSB with healthier beverages may be a reasonable option to reduce the burden of chronic disease in the aging population and even prolong life and healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale A Ertuglu
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baris Afsar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Abdullah B Yildiz
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Atalay Demiray
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Covic
- Department of Nephrology, Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Meshkani SE, Kooshki A, Alahabadi A, Lari Najafi M, Rad A, Riahimanesh F, Miri M. Dietary pattern and telomere length in preschool children in a middle-income country. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2021; 17:e13146. [PMID: 33543592 PMCID: PMC8189250 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Telomere length (TL) has been associated with lifestyle and dietary pattern. However, the available evidence on this association in children is scarce, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association of dietary pattern and leukocyte TL (LTL) in preschool children, Sabzevar, Iran (2017). This cross-sectional study was based on 187 preschool children (aged 5 to 7) recruited from 27 kindergartens. Nutrition information including amounts of consumed dairy products, meat and processed meat products, nuts and seeds, white bread and refined grains, fruits, vegetables, simple sugars, fats and drinks was obtained through a questionnaire. Linear mixed-effects models were fitted with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) plate ID and kindergartens as random effects to estimate the association of each food group consumption with LTL, controlled for relevant covariates. Higher consumption of dairy products and sugar was associated with shorter LTL (β = -0.180, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.276, -0.085, P value <0.001 and β = -0.139, 95% CI: -0.193, -0.086, P value <0.001, respectively). An increase in consumption of fish, nuts and seeds, coloured fruits, green leafy vegetables, cruciferous vegetables and olive was significantly associated with the increase in relative LTL. The associations for the consumption of legumes, other fruits, yellow and orange vegetables, red meat, egg, white bread and refined grains, solid and liquid fats, processed meats, potato chips, carbonated drinks, tea (black) and soft drinks groups were not statistically significant. Our findings showed that there was an association between the consumption of certain food groups with LTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Elyas Meshkani
- Cellular and Molecular Research CenterSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | - Akram Kooshki
- Department of Nutrition & Biochemistry, School of MedicineSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | - Ahmad Alahabadi
- Non‐Communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Environmental HealthSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | - Moslem Lari Najafi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research CenterKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Abolfazl Rad
- Cellular and Molecular Research CenterSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | - Forough Riahimanesh
- Cellular and Molecular Research CenterSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | - Mohammad Miri
- Non‐Communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Environmental HealthSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
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15
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Li Y, Tang J, Gao H, Xu Y, Han Y, Shang H, Lu Y, Qin C. Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids and polysaccharides attenuate atherosclerotic plaque in high-fat diet rabbits. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1929-1938. [PMID: 33992512 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is characterized by lipid deposition, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the arterial intima. Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids (GLTs) and polysaccharides (GLPs) are traditional Chinese medicines with potential cardiovascular benefits. We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effect of GLTs and GLPs on atherosclerosis and the associated underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS Japanese big-ear white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups of blank, model, and treatment, and the treatment group was fed with GLSO and GLSP (0.3 g/kg body-weight/day) for 4 months. Serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total (TC), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in GL treatment group were significantly lower than those in the model group. The area of aortic plaques was significantly reduced in the treatment group. Further, GL administration in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) by inhibiting the upregulation of the nuclear transcription factor (NF)-κB p65 and the relative receptor LOX-1. In THP-1 cells treated with phorbol myristate acetate, GL inhibited the inflammatory polarization of macrophages (as evidenced by reduced TNF-α levels) via regulation of Notch1 and DLL4 pathways. Ox-LDL-stimulated THP-1 cells treated with GL showed an increase in the apoptosis of foam cells. CONCLUSIONS GLTs and GLPs attenuated the progression of atherosclerosis by alleviating endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory polarization of macrophages, thus promoting apoptosis of foam cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS & PUMC, Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Models, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS & PUMC, Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Models, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hongling Gao
- Department of Pathology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Qinghai, 810007, China
| | - Yanfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS & PUMC, Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Models, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yunlin Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS & PUMC, Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Models, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Haiquan Shang
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS & PUMC, Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Models, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yaozeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS & PUMC, Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Models, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS & PUMC, Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Models, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Oikonomakos I, Weerasinghe Arachchige LC, Schedl A. Developmental mechanisms of adrenal cortex formation and their links with adult progenitor populations. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 524:111172. [PMID: 33484742 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The adrenal cortex is the main steroid producing organ of the human body. Studies on adrenal tissue renewal have been neglected for many years, but recent intensified research has seen tremendous progress in our understanding of the formation and homeostasis of this organ. However, cell turnover of the adrenal cortex appears to be complex and several cell populations have been identified that can differentiate into steroidogenic cells and contribute to adrenal cortex renewal. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of how the adrenal cortex develops and how stem cell populations relate to its developmental progenitors. Finally, we will summarize present and future approaches to harvest the potential of progenitor/stem cells for future cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Oikonomakos
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Valrose, 06108, Nice, France.
| | | | - Andreas Schedl
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Valrose, 06108, Nice, France.
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17
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Wouk J, Dekker RFH, Queiroz EAIF, Barbosa-Dekker AM. β-Glucans as a panacea for a healthy heart? Their roles in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 177:176-203. [PMID: 33609583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Factors increasing the risks for CVD development are related to obesity, diabetes, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure and lifestyle. CVD risk factors may be treated with appropriate drugs, but prolonged can use cause undesirable side-effects. Among the natural products used in complementary and alternative medicines, are the β-ᴅ-glucans; biopolymers found in foods (cereals, mushrooms), and can easily be produced by microbial fermentation. Independent of source, β-glucans of the mixed-linked types [(1 → 3)(1 → 6)-β-ᴅ-glucans - fungal, and (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-ᴅ-glucans - cereal] have widely been studied because of their biological activities, and have demonstrated cardiovascular protective effects. In this review, we discuss the roles of β-ᴅ-glucans in various pathophysiological conditions that lead to CVDs including obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, hypertension, atherosclerosis and stroke. The β-glucans from all of the sources cited demonstrated potential hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic and anti-obesogenicity activities, reduced hypertension and ameliorated the atherosclerosis condition. More recently, β-glucans are recognized as possessing prebiotic properties that modulate the gut microbiome and impact on the health benefits including cardiovascular. Overall, all the studies investigated unequivocally demonstrated the dietary benefits of consuming β-glucans regardless of source, thus constituting a promising panaceutical approach to reduce CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Wouk
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Campus CEDETEG, CEP: 85040-167, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Robert F H Dekker
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Câmpus Londrina, CEP: 86036-370 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Beta-Glucan Produtos Farmoquímicos - EIRELI, Avenida João Miguel Caram 731, Lote 24(A), Bloco Zircônia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, CEP: 86036-700 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Eveline A I F Queiroz
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, CEP: 78.557-267 Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Aneli M Barbosa-Dekker
- Beta-Glucan Produtos Farmoquímicos - EIRELI, Avenida João Miguel Caram 731, Lote 24(A), Bloco Zircônia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, CEP: 86036-700 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Protective Role of Picralima nitida Seed Extract in High-Fat High-Fructose-Fed Rats. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2020; 2020:5206204. [PMID: 33163962 PMCID: PMC7604582 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5206204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Picralima nitida is a therapeutic herb used in ethnomedicine for the management of several disease conditions including diabetes. This study examined the potential palliative effect of aqueous seed extract of Picralima nitida (APN) on dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and the expression of some metabolic genes in high-fat high-fructose-fed rats. Experimental rats (2 months old) were fed a control diet or a high-fat diet with 25% fructose (HFHF diet) in their drinking water for nine weeks. APN was administered orally during the last four weeks. Anthropometric and antioxidant parameters, lipid profile, plasma glucose, and insulin levels and the relative expression of some metabolic genes were assessed. APN caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in weight gained, body mass index, insulin resistance, plasma glucose, and insulin levels. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was significantly increased (P < 0.05), while triacylglycerol, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, cardiac index, atherogenic index, coronary artery index, and malondialdehyde levels in plasma and liver samples were also significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by APN at all experimental doses when compared to the group fed with an HFHF diet only. APN also significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated the relative expression of glucokinase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), and leptin at 400 mg/kg body weight when compared to the group fed with an HFHF diet only. This study showed that APN alleviated dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidant effect associated with the intake of a high-fat high-fructose diet.
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Peculiarities of ammonia metabolism in the liver of rats under the conditions of different nutrients content in a diet. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj92.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Fauste E, Rodrigo S, Aguirre R, Donis C, Rodríguez L, Álvarez-Millán JJ, Panadero MI, Otero P, Bocos C. Maternal Fructose Intake Increases Liver H 2 S Synthesis but Exarcebates its Fructose-Induced Decrease in Female Progeny. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000628. [PMID: 32754997 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Fructose intake from added sugars correlates with the epidemic rise in metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, consumption of beverages containing fructose is allowed during gestation. Homocysteine (Hcy) is a well-known risk factor for CVD while hydrogen sulfide (H2 S), a product of its metabolism, has been proved to exert opposite effects to Hcy. METHODS AND RESULTS First, it is investigated whether maternal fructose intake produces subsequent changes in Hcy metabolism and H2 S synthesis of the progeny. Carbohydrates are supplied to pregnant rats in drinking water (10% wt/vol) throughout gestation. Adult female descendants from fructose-fed, control or glucose-fed mothers are studied. Females from fructose-fed mothers have elevated homocysteinemia, hepatic H2 S production, cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) (the key enzyme in H2 S synthesis) expression and plasma H2 S, versus the other two groups. Second, it is studied how adult female progeny from control (C/F), fructose- (F/F), and glucose-fed (G/F) mothers responded to liquid fructose and compared them to the control group (C/C). Interestingly, hepatic CSE expression and H2 S synthesis are diminished by fructose intake, this effect being more pronounced in F/F females. CONCLUSION Maternal fructose intake produces a fetal programming that increases hepatic H2 S production and, in contrast, exacerbates its fructose-induced drop in female progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fauste
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, 28668, Spain
| | - Silvia Rodrigo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, 28668, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Aguirre
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, 28668, Spain
| | - Cristina Donis
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, 28668, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rodríguez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, 28668, Spain
| | | | - María I Panadero
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, 28668, Spain
| | - Paola Otero
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, 28668, Spain
| | - Carlos Bocos
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, 28668, Spain
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Rowaiye AB, Onuh OA, Oli AN, Okpalefe OA, Oni S, Nwankwo EJ. The pandemic COVID-19: a tale of viremia, cellular oxidation and immune dysfunction. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 36:188. [PMID: 32952832 PMCID: PMC7467617 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.188.23476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a tester of the immune system. While it spares the healthy, it brings severe morbidity and in a few cases, mortality to its victims. This article aims at critically reviewing the key virulence factors of COVID-19 which are the viremia, cellular oxidation and immune dysfunction. The averse economic effect of certain disease control measures such as national lock-downs and social distancing, though beneficial, makes them unsustainable. Worse still is the fact that wild animals and domestic pets are carriers of SARS-CoV-2 suggesting that the disease would take longer than expected to be eradicated globally. A better understanding of the pathological dynamics of COVID-19 would help the general populace to prepare for possible infection by the invisible enemy. While the world prospects for vaccines and therapeutic agents against the SARS-CoV-2, clinicians should also seek to modulate the immune system for optimum performance. Immunoprophylactic and immunomodulatory strategies are recommended for the different strata of stakeholders combating the pandemic with the hope that morbidities and mortalities associated with COVID-19 would be drastically reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adekunle Babajide Rowaiye
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharm Scs, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Olukemi Adejoke Onuh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Angus Nnamdi Oli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharm Scs, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | | | - Solomon Oni
- Bioresources Development Centre, Isanlu, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
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Sucralose promotes accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adipogenesis in mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:250. [PMID: 32586409 PMCID: PMC7318498 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) has been consistently associated with obesity and cardiometabolic disease in epidemiologic studies. Herein, we investigated effects of sucralose, a widely used NNS, at a cellular level. We wanted to investigate effect of sucralose on reactive oxygen species accumulation and adipogenesis in a human adipocyte tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in a controlled fashion. Methods In vitro experiments were conducted on commercially available MSCs obtained from human adipose tissue. hMSCs were exposed with sucralose at 0.2 mM (a concentration which could plausibly be observed in the circulatory system of high NNS consumers) up to 1.0 mM (supra-physiologic concentration) in the presence of both normal and high glucose media to detect a dose response based on the outcome measures. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using Mitosox Red staining and further analyzed by ImageJ and gene expression analysis. Effect of sucralose on adipogenic differentiation was observed in different concentrations of sucralose followed by gene expression analysis and Oil Red O staining. Results Increased ROS accumulation was observed within 72 h of exposure. Increased adipogenesis was also noted when exposed to higher dose of sucralose. Conclusion Sucralose promotes ROS accumulation and adipogenesis in human adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stromal cells.
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Nimrouzi M, Ruyvaran M, Zamani A, Nasiri K, Akbari A. Oil and extract of safflower seed improve fructose induced metabolic syndrome through modulating the homeostasis of trace elements, TNF-α and fatty acids metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112721. [PMID: 32119951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) has many applications in folk medicine. Its oil is used traditionally to treat obesity and other metabolic disorders. The anti-hypercholesterolemic and antioxidant effects of this plant have been well documented, but the anti-inflammatory effects and its role on fatty acid oxidation and homeostasis of trace elements are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of different doses of oil and extract of safflower seed against fructose induced metabolic syndrome by investigating the homeostasis of trace elements, TNF-α, and fatty acids metabolism. METHODS Eighty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into ten groups and treated daily for 16 weeks. At the end of the study, plasma levels of liver enzymes, lipid profiles, blood glucose, insulin and TNF-α were measured. The levels of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation were also measured along with the expression of CD36, fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (FAS), and Carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT-1) beta genes in the liver. RESULTS The antioxidant enzymes activity significantly decreased and lipid peroxidation, lipid profiles, liver enzymes, and TNF-α significantly increased in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome compared to the control groups, as well as the level of some trace elements significantly changed (p < 0.05). Treatment with oil and safflower seed extract in a dose dependent manner could improve biochemical parameters in groups of metabolic syndrome treated with oil and extract compared to metabolic syndrome (p < 0.05). The results also showed that the expression of above mentioned genes significantly increased in groups of metabolic syndrome treated with oil and extract compared to control and metabolic syndrome groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION It can be concluded that safflower seed extract and its oil can improve fructose-induced metabolic syndrome through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, adjustment of homeostasis of trace elements, and enhancing the beta-oxidation capacity of the liver by increasing the expression of CD36, FAS, and CPT-1beta genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Nimrouzi
- Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Maede Ruyvaran
- Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Zamani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Khadijeh Nasiri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Bābolsar, Iran.
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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Ha K, Kim K, Sakaki JR, Chun OK. Relative Validity of Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity for Predicting All-Cause Mortality in Comparison to Diet Quality Indexes in US Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1210. [PMID: 32344879 PMCID: PMC7282024 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
While traditionally diet quality index scores (DQIS) as noted later in this abstract have been used to predict health outcomes, dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC), a useful tool for assessing total antioxidant power in the diet, may also be a novel predictor. This study evaluated the associations between dietary TAC and DQIS and all-cause mortality. Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988-1994 and 1999-2006, 23,797 US adults were followed-up until 2015. Dietary TAC and DQIS including the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) were calculated using a 1-day 24 h dietary recall. US adults in the highest quintiles of DQIS had lower rates of all-cause mortality compared to those in the lowest quintiles (HEI-2015 hazard ratio (HR): 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77-0.98; AHEI-2010 HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74-0.94; aMED HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.69-0.90; DASH HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70-0.92). Similarly, those in the highest quintile of dietary TAC also had a lower all-cause mortality than those in the lowest quintile (HR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79-0.98). These findings suggest that dietary TAC might be a relatively valid predictor of all-cause mortality in the US population compared to the DQIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungho Ha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (K.H.); (K.K.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Kijoon Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (K.H.); (K.K.); (J.R.S.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Junichi R. Sakaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (K.H.); (K.K.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Ock K. Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (K.H.); (K.K.); (J.R.S.)
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Tobore TO. Towards a comprehensive theory of obesity and a healthy diet: The causal role of oxidative stress in food addiction and obesity. Behav Brain Res 2020; 384:112560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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A narrative review of the effects of sugar-sweetened beverages on human health: A key global health issue. JOURNAL OF POPULATION THERAPEUTICS AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 27:e76-e103. [PMID: 32170920 DOI: 10.15586/jptcp.v27i1.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The provision of healthy and safe food is vital for human health, and the addition of unnecessary sugars in foodstuffs is an important global issue, leading to multiple long- and short-term health issues and spiraling costs for individuals and governments alike. The negative effect of excess sugar consumption contributes to adverse health conditions, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and poor oral health in both high and low resource settings. A key plank of governmental and health promotion bodies' nutritional guidance is to raise public awareness of "hidden" sugars, salt, and fats, such as found in processed foods and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and guide individuals to reduce their consumption. This rapid narrative review brings together some of the key issues identified in the literature around the consumption of SSBs, including patterns of consumption, the general impact on human health and nutrition, specific effects on oral health and the oral microbiome, and strategies to address over-consumption. The range of long-term adverse effects on health is often misunderstood or unknown by the public. However, some strategies have succeeded in reducing the consumption of SSBs, including public health strategies and interventions and the imposition of taxes or levies, and this article makes recommendations for action.
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Voloshchuk ON, Kopylchuk GP, Tazirova KA. The Features of Energy Metabolism in Hepatocytes of Rats that Receive Diets with Different Nutrient Contents. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s000635092002027x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Gardner AW, Montgomery PS, Wang M, Shen B, Casanegra AI, Silva-Palacios F, Knehans AW. Diet is associated with ankle-brachial index, inflammation, and ambulation in patients with intermittent claudication. J Vasc Surg 2020; 72:1375-1384. [PMID: 32122735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this investigation were to determine whether the daily dietary intake of nutrients by patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and intermittent claudication (IC) met recommended levels for adults older than 50 years and to determine whether meeting recommended levels of nutrients was associated with ankle-brachial index (ABI), inflammation, and ambulation of patients with PAD and IC. METHODS A total of 48 patients were assessed on their dietary intake of 20 nutrients during a 3-day period. Patients were further characterized on demographic variables, comorbid conditions, cardiovascular risk factors, ABI, 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration. RESULTS Few patients met the daily recommended intakes for calcium (4%), fiber (6%), vitamin E (6%), trans fatty acids (13%), vitamin A (15%), total sugars (19%), potassium (23%), sodium (29%), saturated fat (29%), and vitamin C (31%), and none of the patients met the daily recommended intake of vitamin D (0%). Overall, patients met few of the 20 dietary recommendations as the median score was seven recommendations. Only 17 of 48 patients met more than seven of the recommendations. For the ABI regression model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, body mass index, and percentage body fat, the only significant predictor was total sugars (P < .001); patients who did not meet the recommendation had lower ABI values. For the hsCRP-adjusted regression model, the strongest significant predictor was omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (P = .001), indicating that those who did not meet the recommendation had higher hsCRP values. Finally, for the 6MWD-adjusted regression model, folate (P = .011) and dietary score index (P = .014) were significant predictors; those who did not meet the recommendation for folate and those who met 5 or fewer of the 20 recommendations had shorter 6MWD. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PAD and IC consume a low-nutrient-dense diet that is deficient in many vitamins, calcium, fruits, and vegetables and contains too much added sugar, saturated and trans fats, and processed foods. In addition, more severe PAD, greater inflammation, and ambulatory dysfunction are independently associated with aspects of a low-nutrient-dense diet, such as too much intake of added sugars, low intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and folate, and meeting the recommended intakes of only five or fewer nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Gardner
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pa.
| | - Polly S Montgomery
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pa
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pa
| | - Biyi Shen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pa
| | - Ana I Casanegra
- Vascular Medicine Division, Cardiovascular Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Federico Silva-Palacios
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Allen W Knehans
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
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Huang W, Hutabarat RP, Chai Z, Zheng T, Zhang W, Li D. Antioxidant Blueberry Anthocyanins Induce Vasodilation via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in High-Glucose-Induced Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1575. [PMID: 32106617 PMCID: PMC7084611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Blueberries are rich in antioxidant anthocyanins. The hypotensive effects of blueberry anthocyanins in endothelial cells was investigated here. Pretreatment with blueberry anthocyanin extract, malvidin, malvidin-3-glucoside, and malvidin-3-galactoside significantly ameliorated high-glucose-induced damage by enhancing endogenous antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), lowering reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and NADPH oxidase isoform 4 (NOX4) expression, and increasing the cell vitalities. They also effectively induced a vasodilatory effect by increasing the vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) and its promoters endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) levels as well as by decreasing the vasoconstrictor angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), xanthine oxidase-1 (XO-1), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. The activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway and the breakdown of protein kinase C zeta (PKCζ) pathway were involved in the bioactivities. The results indicated blueberry anthocyanins protected endothelial function against high-glucose (HG) injury via antioxidant and vasodilatory mechanisms, which could be promising molecules as a hypotensive nutraceutical for diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyang Huang
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (W.H.); (R.P.H.); (Z.C.)
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ruth Paulina Hutabarat
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (W.H.); (R.P.H.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jinling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China;
| | - Zhi Chai
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (W.H.); (R.P.H.); (Z.C.)
| | - Tiesong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jinling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China;
| | - Weimin Zhang
- College of Food Science, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Dajing Li
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (W.H.); (R.P.H.); (Z.C.)
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Serra R, Ssempijja L, Provenzano M, Andreucci M. Genetic biomarkers in chronic venous disease. Biomark Med 2020; 14:75-80. [PMID: 32053001 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Serra
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology at the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa 88100 Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy.,Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa 88100 Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy
| | - Lwanga Ssempijja
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology at the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa 88100 Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy.,Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa 88100 Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy
| | - Michele Provenzano
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa 88100 Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy
| | - Michele Andreucci
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa 88100 Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy
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Shapira N. The Metabolic Concept of Meal Sequence vs. Satiety: Glycemic and Oxidative Responses with Reference to Inflammation Risk, Protective Principles and Mediterranean Diet. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2373. [PMID: 31590352 PMCID: PMC6835480 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With increasing exposure to eating opportunities and postprandial conditions becoming dominant states, acute effects of meals are garnering interest. In this narrative review, meal components, combinations and course sequence were questioned vis-à-vis resultant postprandial responses, including satiety, glycemic, oxidative and inflammatory risks/outcomes vs. protective principles, with reference to the Mediterranean diet. Representative scientific literature was reviewed and explained, and corresponding recommendations discussed and illustrated. Starting meals with foods, courses and/or preloads high in innate/added/incorporated water and/or fibre, followed by protein-based courses, delaying carbohydrates and fatty foods and minimizing highly-processed/sweetened hedonic foods, would increase satiety-per-calorie vs. obesogenic passive overconsumption. Similarly, starting with high-water/fibre dishes, followed by high-protein foods, oils/fats, and delayed/reduced slowly-digested whole/complex carbohydrate sources, optionally closing with simpler carbohydrates/sugars, would reduce glycaemic response. Likewise, starting with foods high in innate/added/incorporated water/fibre/antioxidants, high monounsaturated fatty acid foods/oils, light proteins and whole/complex carbohydrate foods, with foods/oils low in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios, and minimal-to-no red meat and highly/ultra-processed foods/lipids, would reduce oxidative/inflammatory response. Pyramids illustrating representative meal sequences, from most-to-least protective foods, visually communicate similarities between axes, suggesting potential unification for optimal meal sequence, consistent with anti-inflammatory nutrition and Mediterranean diet/meal principles, warranting application and outcome evaluation.
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32
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Grabek A, Dolfi B, Klein B, Jian-Motamedi F, Chaboissier MC, Schedl A. The Adult Adrenal Cortex Undergoes Rapid Tissue Renewal in a Sex-Specific Manner. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:290-296.e2. [PMID: 31104943 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Evolution has resulted in profound differences between males and females that extend to non-reproductive organs and are reflected in the susceptibility and progression of diseases. However, the cellular and molecular basis for these differences remains largely unknown. Here we report that adrenal gland tissue renewal is highly active and sexually dimorphic, with female mice showing a 3-fold higher turnover than males. Moreover, in males, homeostasis relies on proliferation of cells within the steroidogenic zone, but females employ an additional stem and/or progenitor compartment situated in the adrenal capsule. Using lineage tracing, sex reversal models, gonadectomy, and dihydrotestosterone treatments, we further show that sex-specific stem cell activity is driven by male hormones that repress recruitment of Gli1+ stem cells from the capsule and cell proliferation. Taken together, our findings provide a molecular and cellular basis for adrenal sex dimorphism that may contribute to the increased incidence of adrenal diseases in females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bastien Dolfi
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Bryan Klein
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Andreas Schedl
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer.
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AGE-RAGE stress: a changing landscape in pathology and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 459:95-112. [PMID: 31079281 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Numerous hypotheses including amyloid cascade, cholinergic, and oxidative have been proposed for pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The data suggest that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and its receptor RAGE (receptor for AGE) are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. AGE-RAGE stress, defined as a balance between stressors (AGE, RAGE) and anti-stressors (sRAGE, AGE degraders) in favor of stressors, has been implicated in pathogenesis of diseases. AGE and its interaction with RAGE-mediated increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage brain because of its increased vulnerability to ROS. AGE and ROS increase the synthesis of amyloid β (Aβ) leading to deposition of Aβ and phosphorylation of tau, culminating in formation of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. ROS increase the synthesis of Aβ, high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1), and S100 that interacts with RAGE to produce additional ROS resulting in enhancement of AD pathology. Elevation of ROS precedes the Aβ plaques formation. Because of involvement of AGE and RAGE in AD pathology, the treatment should be targeted at lowering AGE levels through reduction in consumption and formation of AGE, and lowering expression of RAGE, blocking of RAGE ligand binding, increasing levels of soluble RAGE (sRAGE), and use of antioxidants. The above treatment aspect of AD is lacking. In conclusion, AGE-RAGE stress initiates, and Aβ, HMGB1, and S100 enhance the progression of AD. Reduction of levels of AGE and RAGE, elevation of sRAGE, and antioxidants would be beneficial therapeutic modalities in the prevention, regression, and slowing of progression of AD.
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Munialo CD, Naumovski N, Sergi D, Stewart D, Mellor DD. Critical evaluation of the extrapolation of data relative to antioxidant function from the laboratory and their implications on food production and human health: a review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire D. Munialo
- School of Life Sciences Coventry University Priory Street Coventry CV1 5FB UK
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group University of Canberra Bruce Canberra ACT 2617 Australia
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics Faculty of Health University of Canberra Bruce Canberra ACT 2617 Australia
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Nutrition & Health Substantiation Group, Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Adelaide SA 5000 Australia
| | - David Stewart
- School of Life Sciences Coventry University Priory Street Coventry CV1 5FB UK
| | - Duane D. Mellor
- School of Life Sciences Coventry University Priory Street Coventry CV1 5FB UK
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group University of Canberra Bruce Canberra ACT 2617 Australia
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Tarragon E, Moreno JJ. Role of Endocannabinoids on Sweet Taste Perception, Food Preference, and Obesity-related Disorders. Chem Senses 2019; 43:3-16. [PMID: 29293950 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and obesity-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome has increased significantly in the past decades, reaching epidemic levels and therefore becoming a major health issue worldwide. Chronic overeating of highly palatable foods is one of the main responsible aspects behind overweight. Food choice is driven by food preference, which is influenced by environmental and internal factors, from availability to rewarding properties of food. Consequently, the acquisition of a dietary habit that may lead to metabolic alterations is the result of a learning process in which many variables take place. From genetics to socioeconomic status, the response to food and how this food affects energy metabolism is heavily influenced, even before birth. In this work, we review how food preference is acquired and established, particularly as regards sweet taste; towards which flavors and tastes we are positively predisposed by our genetic background, our early experience, further lifestyle, and our surroundings; and, especially, the role that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays in all of this. Ultimately, we try to summarize why this system is relevant for health purposes and how this is linked to important aspects of eating behavior, as its function as a modulator of energy homeostasis affects, and is affected by, physiological responses directly associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Tarragon
- Department of Neurobehavioral Genetics, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Germany
| | - Juan José Moreno
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Spain.,CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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Kopp W. How Western Diet And Lifestyle Drive The Pandemic Of Obesity And Civilization Diseases. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:2221-2236. [PMID: 31695465 PMCID: PMC6817492 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s216791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Westernized populations are plagued by a plethora of chronic non-infectious degenerative diseases, termed as "civilization diseases", like obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease and many more, diseases which are rare or virtually absent in hunter-gatherers and other non-westernized populations. There is a growing awareness that the cause of this amazing discrepancy lies in the profound changes in diet and lifestyle during recent human history. This paper shows that the transition from Paleolithic nutrition to Western diets, along with lack of corresponding genetic adaptations, cause significant distortions of the fine-tuned metabolism that has evolved over millions of years of human evolution in adaptation to Paleolithic diets. With the increasing spread of Western diet and lifestyle worldwide, overweight and civilization diseases are also rapidly increasing in developing countries. It is suggested that the diet-related key changes in the developmental process include an increased production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, development of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation and an abnormal activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin system, all of which play pivotal roles in the development of diseases of civilization. In addition, diet-related epigenetic changes and fetal programming play an important role. The suggested pathomechanism is also able to explain the well-known but not completely understood close relationship between obesity and the wide range of comorbidities, like type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, etc., as diseases of the same etiopathology. Changing our lifestyle in accordance with our genetic makeup, including diet and physical activity, may help prevent or limit the development of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kopp
- Retired Head, Diagnostikzentrum Graz, Graz8043, Austria
- Correspondence: Wolfgang Kopp Mariatrosterstraße 41, Graz8043, Austria Email
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Wang F, Shang Y, Zhang R, Gao X, Zeng Q. A SIRT1 agonist reduces cognitive decline in type 2 diabetic rats through antioxidative and anti‑inflammatory mechanisms. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:1040-1048. [PMID: 30483738 PMCID: PMC6323206 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an NAD+‑dependent protein deacetylase that is involved in cell differentiation, aging, apoptosis, physiological rhythms, metabolic regulation, oxidative stress and numerous other important biological processes. In the present study, the ability of a sirtuin‑1 (SIRT1) agonist, SRT1720, to reduce cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was investigated. Streptozotocin‑induced male Sprague‑Dawley rats were used to establish a T2DM model and the protective effect of SRT1720 and its underlying mechanisms were investigated. Body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were recorded and cognitive function was measured with the Morris water maze. Levels of oxidative stress, inflammation, caspase‑3 activity and nuclear factor κB (NF‑κB) mRNA expression were detected with a series of commercial assay kits and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the protein expression of NF‑κB, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPARγ), AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK), heat shock 70 kDa protein (HSP70), SIRT1, nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO‑1). The results revealed that SRT1720 significantly increased body weight, decreased FBG, improved cognitive function and reduced the levels of proteins associated with oxidative stress and inflammation damage in T2DM rats. Additionally, SRT1720 significantly decreased NF‑κB p65 mRNA expression and increased eNOS and PPARγ expression. SRT1720 significantly reduced caspase‑3 activity and HSP70 protein expression, and increased p‑AMPK, SIRT1, Nrf2 and HO‑1 protein expression. Collectively, the results indicate that SRT1720 may reduce cognitive decline in T2DM rats through antioxidative and anti‑inflammatory action via NF‑κB and AMPK‑dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Health Management Institute, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yanchang Shang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Health Management Institute, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyang Gao
- Health Management Institute, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Health Management Institute, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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Cytoprotective Effects of Natural Compounds against Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7100147. [PMID: 30347819 PMCID: PMC6210295 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants, has been witnessed in pathophysiological states of many disorders. Compounds identified from natural sources have long been recognized to ameliorate oxidative stress due to their inherent antioxidant activities. Here, we summarize the cytoprotective effects and mechanisms of natural or naturally derived synthetic compounds against oxidative stress. These compounds include: caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) found in honey bee propolis, curcumin from turmeric roots, resveratrol abundant in grape, and 1-[2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl] imidazole (CDDO-Im), a synthetic triterpenoid based on naturally occurring oleanolic acid. Cytoprotective effects of these compounds in diseases conditions like cardiovascular diseases and obesity to decrease oxidative stress are discussed.
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Inverse association of calcium intake with abdominal adiposity and C-reactive protein in Brazilian children. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:1912-1920. [PMID: 29506595 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001800023x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate Ca intake and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors during childhood. DESIGN A cross-sectional study with a representative sample. Food consumption was assessed through three 24 h dietary recalls. Anthropometry, body composition and biochemical measurements were also conducted. SETTING Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. SUBJECTS Children between 8 and 9 years old (n 350) enrolled in public and private schools in the urban area of the municipality of Viçosa. RESULTS Almost all children had inadequate intake of Ca (97·4 %), especially those with low income, non-white and who studied in public schools. Foods that contributed most to Ca intake were 'milk' and 'cheeses and yoghurts' (R 2=0·66 and 0·13, respectively), and intake of 'milk' was correlated with 'chocolate milk powder' intake (r=0·538, P<0·01). Children with lower Ca intake had a higher prevalence of increased C-reactive protein (prevalence ratio=2·93; 95 % CI 1·21, 7·07), increased waist circumference (prevalence ratio=2·86; 95 % CI 1·01, 8·13) and a lower prevalence of high LDL cholesterol (prevalence ratio=0·64; 95 % CI 0·41, 0·99). CONCLUSIONS Lower Ca intake was associated with excess abdominal adiposity and subclinical inflammation in Brazilian children. Monitoring of adequate Ca intake is important, especially in poorer communities.
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Huang D, Li Z, Chen B, Fang G, Sun X, Li F, Xu H, Chen Y, Ding W. Naringin protects against steroid‑induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head through upregulation of PPARγ and activation of the Notch signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:3328-3335. [PMID: 29257271 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Naringin, a flavonoid, is the effective pharmaceutical ingredient of drynaria, with the effects of healing fractures, strengthening bones and promoting kidney function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential effect of naringin on steroid‑induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH). Treatment with naringin markedly protected against the steroid‑induced decrease in serum osteocalcin levels, and the rate of osteonecrosis in a model of SANFH. In addition, naringin decreased the total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein ratio in the SANFH rabbit. It was observed that naringin markedly inhibited caspase‑3 activity, increased runt‑related transcription factor 2 and transcription factor sp7 mRNA expression, promoted alkaline phosphatase activity and upregulated collagen I, peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor (PPAR) γ2, neurogenic locus notch homolog protein (Notch), β‑catenin and phosphorylated‑Rac‑α serine/threonine protein kinase protein expression in the SANFH rabbit. The results of the present study demonstrated that naringin protects against SANFH through upregulation of PPARγ2 and activation of the Notch signaling pathway, and may be a useful addition to the treatment options for diseases of the femoral head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of TCM, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Zhanchun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of TCM, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Guizhen Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of TCM, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xitao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of TCM, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of TCM, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Hairu Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of TCM, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of TCM, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Weihang Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of TCM, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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Lv L, Yao Y, Zhao G, Zhu G. Rutin inhibits coronary heart disease through ERK1/2 and Akt signaling in a porcine model. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:506-512. [PMID: 29250160 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rutin has a variety of pharmacological actions, including radical reactivity, and protective activity against lipid peroxidation, viruses and acute pancreatitis; thus, it may be used as a treatment for many diseases. The present study aimed to investigate whether rutin inhibits coronary heart disease through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and Akt signaling in a porcine model. Male Chinese miniature pigs were randomly divided into four groups: A sham group, a coronary heart disease (CHD) model group, a group receiving 15 mg/kg rutin for 8 weeks following CHD modeling and a group receiving 45 mg/kg rutin for 8 weeks following CHD modeling. The results suggested that treatment with rutin suppressed the reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction and increase in systolic internal diameter that occurred in CHD model pigs. Rutin administration reduced the infarct size of the myocardium, attenuated LVEF, increased LVID and inhibited urine protein concentration, BUN and Scr expression levels in CHD model pigs. Results from western blot analysis demonstrated that in CHD pigs treated with 45 mg/kg rutin, the CHD-associated increases in transforming growth factor β1 and SMAD2 expression and reductions in phosphorylated (p)-ERK1/2 and p-Akt expression were attenuated. The present study suggests that rutin inhibits coronary heart disease through ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathways in a porcine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lv
- The First Clinical Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Yucai Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Guiyue Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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In vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential of milks, yoghurts, fermented milks and cheeses: a narrative review of evidence. Nutr Res Rev 2017; 31:52-70. [PMID: 28965518 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422417000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant potential (AP) is an important nutritional property of foods, as increased oxidative stress is involved in most diet-related chronic diseases. In dairy products, the protein fraction contains antioxidant activity, especially casein. Other antioxidants include: antioxidant enzymes; lactoferrin; conjugated linoleic acid; coenzyme Q10; vitamins C, E, A and D3; equol; uric acid; carotenoids; and mineral activators of antioxidant enzymes. The AP of dairy products has been extensively studied in vitro, with few studies in animals and human subjects. Available in vivo studies greatly differ in their design and objectives. Overall, on a 100 g fresh weight-basis, AP of dairy products is close to that of grain-based foods and vegetable or fruit juices. Among dairy products, cheeses present the highest AP due to their higher protein content. AP of milk increases during digestion by up to 2·5 times because of released antioxidant peptides. AP of casein is linked to specific amino acids, whereas β-lactoglobulin thiol groups play a major role in the AP of whey. Thermal treatments such as ultra-high temperature processing have no clear effect on the AP of milk. Raw fat-rich milks have higher AP than less fat-rich milk, because of lipophilic antioxidants. Probiotic yoghurts and fermented milks have higher AP than conventional yoghurt and milk because proteolysis by probiotics releases antioxidant peptides. Among the probiotics, Lactobacillus casei/acidophilus leads to the highest AP. The data are insufficient for cheese, but fermentation-based changes appear to make a positive impact on AP. In conclusion, AP might participate in the reported dairy product-protective effects against some chronic diseases.
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43
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Farías JG, Molina VM, Carrasco RA, Zepeda AB, Figueroa E, Letelier P, Castillo RL. Antioxidant Therapeutic Strategies for Cardiovascular Conditions Associated with Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9090966. [PMID: 28862654 PMCID: PMC5622726 DOI: 10.3390/nu9090966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) refers to the imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability to scavenge these ROS by endogenous antioxidant systems, where ROS overwhelms the antioxidant capacity. Excessive presence of ROS results in irreversible damage to cell membranes, DNA, and other cellular structures by oxidizing lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases related to hypoxia, cardiotoxicity and ischemia-reperfusion. Here, we describe the participation of OS in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular conditions such as myocardial infarction, anthracycline cardiotoxicity and congenital heart disease. This review focuses on the different clinical events where redox factors and OS are related to cardiovascular pathophysiology, giving to support for novel pharmacological therapies such as omega 3 fatty acids, non-selective betablockers and microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G Farías
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
| | - Víctor M Molina
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital de Niños Roberto del Río, Santiago 7500922, Chile.
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos, Hospital Clínico Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7500922, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo A Carrasco
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital del Salvador, Santiago 7500922, Chile.
- Departamento de Cardiología, Clínica Alemana, Santiago 7500922, Chile.
| | - Andrea B Zepeda
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
| | - Elías Figueroa
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, BIOACUI, Escuela de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
| | - Pablo Letelier
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo L Castillo
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital del Salvador, Santiago 7500922, Chile.
- Programa de Fisiopatología Oriente, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7500922, Chile.
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Ding Y, Gao BB, Zhou L, Ye XH, Li H, Lai L, Huang JY. Clinical implications of plasma Nogo-A levels in patients with coronary heart disease. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:771-777. [PMID: 28721144 PMCID: PMC5510510 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.58713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nogo-A is an important neurite growth-regulatory protein in the adult and developing nervous system. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that Nogo-A plays important roles in cardiac development and may act as a potential indicator for heart failure. In addition, increased oxidative stress has been found in individuals with cardiovascular diseases. However, not much is known regarding the expression levels of Nogo-A and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Therefore, we sought to investigate the relationship between Nogo-A, ROS levels and CHD. MATERIAL AND METHODS The plasma Nogo-A and ROS concentrations of 122 acute coronary syndrome (ACS), 101 unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 21 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and 56 healthy controls were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We further generated a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to assess the diagnostic accuracy of Nogo-A and ROS in CHD. RESULTS The Nogo-A and ROS levels were significantly higher in patients with CHD than those in healthy controls. In addition, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the level of Nogo-A (odds ratio (OR) = 1.624, 95% confidence interval: 1.125-2.293, p = 0.009) is a risk factor for prediction of CHD. Nogo-A has diagnostic value, with an optimal threshold of 5.466 ng/ml for maximized diagnostic performance (59% sensitivity and 78.6% specificity, area under curve, p < 0.05). However, ROS concentration is not a risk factor for prediction of CHD (OR = 0.999, 95% confidence interval: 0.997-1.001, p = 0.320). CONCLUSIONS Increased plasma Nogo-A level may be associated with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bei-Bei Gao
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Hua Ye
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Lai
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Yu Huang
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Yao Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Liu C. Klotho ameliorates oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced oxidative stress via regulating LOX-1 and PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathways. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:77. [PMID: 28407763 PMCID: PMC5390438 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is a common cardiovascular disease that causes myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke. Increased oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in the sub-endothelium is the characteristic origin of atherogenesis. Klotho, an anti-aging protein, has been reported to protect against atherosclerosis and ameliorate endothelial dysfunction in vivo. The aim of this study is to investigatethe anti-oxidative activity of Klothoin ox-LDL-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods After pre-treatment with 200 pMKlotho for 1 h, HUVECs were stimulated with 50 μg/ml ox-LDL for 24 h. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were analyzed in the cells. Nitric oxide (NO) concertation was measured in the medium supernatant. Related proteins or genes were detected with Western blot or real time PCR, respectively, in the cell lysates. Results Initially, oxidative damage in HUVECs was established by adding 50 μg/mL ox-LDL, which resulted in decreased cellular viability, SOD/Cu/Zn-SOD and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression and NO production, as well as increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, ROS production, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), gp91 phox, and lectin-like ox-LDL receptor (LOX-1) expression in HUVECs. Pre-incubation with recombinant Klotho (200 pM) significantly prevented all of these alterations. These results suggest that Klotho can attenuate ox-LDL-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs through upregulating oxidative scavengers (SOD and NO) viaactivating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway and depressing LOX-1expression. Conclusions These results suggest that Klotho has a potential therapeutic effect on attenuating endothelial dysfunction and ameliorating atherosclerosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0447-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansheng Yao
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanbing Wang
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.
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Lluch A, Maillot M, Gazan R, Vieux F, Delaere F, Vaudaine S, Darmon N. Individual Diet Modeling Shows How to Balance the Diet of French Adults with or without Excessive Free Sugar Intakes. Nutrients 2017; 9:E162. [PMID: 28230722 PMCID: PMC5331593 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary changes needed to achieve nutritional adequacy for 33 nutrients were determined for 1719 adults from a representative French national dietary survey. For each individual, an iso-energy nutritionally adequate diet was generated using diet modeling, staying as close as possible to the observed diet. The French food composition table was completed with free sugar (FS) content. Results were analyzed separately for individuals with FS intakes in their observed diets ≤10% or >10% of their energy intake (named below FS-ACCEPTABLE and FS-EXCESS, respectively). The FS-EXCESS group represented 41% of the total population (average energy intake of 14.2% from FS). Compared with FS-ACCEPTABLE individuals, FS-EXCESS individuals had diets of lower nutritional quality and consumed more energy (2192 vs. 2123 kcal/day), particularly during snacking occasions (258 vs. 131 kcal/day) (all p-values < 0.01). In order to meet nutritional targets, for both FS-ACCEPTABLE and FS-EXCESS individuals, the main dietary changes in optimized diets were significant increases in fresh fruits, starchy foods, water, hot beverages and plain yogurts; and significant decreases in mixed dishes/sandwiches, meat/eggs/fish and cheese. For FS-EXCESS individuals only, the optimization process significantly increased vegetables and significantly decreased sugar-sweetened beverages, sweet products and fruit juices. The diets of French adults with excessive intakes of FS are of lower nutritional quality, but can be optimized via specific dietary changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lluch
- Danone Nutricia Research, Centre Daniel Carasso, RD128, 91767 Palaiseau, France.
| | | | | | | | - Fabien Delaere
- Danone Nutricia Research, Centre Daniel Carasso, RD128, 91767 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Sarah Vaudaine
- Danone Nutricia Research, Centre Daniel Carasso, RD128, 91767 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Nicole Darmon
- Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 1260, 13005 Marseille, France.
- Markets, Organizations, Institutions and Stakeholders Strategies, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 1110, 34000 Montpellier, France.
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Wang Q, Zhang M, Torres G, Wu S, Ouyang C, Xie Z, Zou MH. Metformin Suppresses Diabetes-Accelerated Atherosclerosis via the Inhibition of Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission. Diabetes 2017; 66:193-205. [PMID: 27737949 PMCID: PMC5204316 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is a widely used antidiabetic drug that exerts cardiovascular protective effects in patients with diabetes. How metformin protects against diabetes-related cardiovascular diseases remains poorly understood. Here, we show that metformin abated the progression of diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis by inhibiting mitochondrial fission in endothelial cells. Metformin treatments markedly reduced mitochondrial fragmentation, mitigated mitochondrial-derived superoxide release, improved endothelial-dependent vasodilation, inhibited vascular inflammation, and suppressed atherosclerotic lesions in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic ApoE-/- mice. In high glucose-exposed endothelial cells, metformin treatment and adenoviral overexpression of constitutively active AMPK downregulated mitochondrial superoxide, lowered levels of dynamin-related protein (Drp1) and its translocation into mitochondria, and prevented mitochondrial fragmentation. In contrast, AMPK-α2 deficiency abolished the effects of metformin on Drp1 expression, oxidative stress, and atherosclerosis in diabetic ApoE-/-/AMPK-α2-/- mice, indicating that metformin exerts an antiatherosclerotic action in vivo via the AMPK-mediated blockage of Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission. Consistently, mitochondrial division inhibitor 1, a potent and selective Drp1 inhibitor, reduced mitochondrial fragmentation, attenuated oxidative stress, ameliorated endothelial dysfunction, inhibited inflammation, and suppressed atherosclerosis in diabetic mice. These findings show that metformin attenuated the development of atherosclerosis by reducing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission in an AMPK-dependent manner. Suppression of mitochondrial fission may be a therapeutic approach for treating macrovascular complications in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Wang
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Gloria Torres
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Shengnan Wu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Changhan Ouyang
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Zhonglin Xie
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
- Corresponding author: Ming-Hui Zou, , or Zhonglin Xie,
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Bułdak Ł, Łabuzek K, Bułdak RJ, Machnik G, Bołdys A, Basiak M, Bogusław O. Metformin reduces the expression of NADPH oxidase and increases the expression of antioxidative enzymes in human monocytes/macrophages cultured in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1095-1103. [PMID: 26998043 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of diabetes and its complications is a key challenge for healthcare professionals. Accelerated atherosclerosis is associated with progressive diabetes, and it has been indicated that macrophages serve a crucial function in this process. Currently, the first-line treatment of diabetes is based on metformin, which is an inducer of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and belongs to the biguanide class of pharmaceuticals. It has been previously demonstrated that metformin exhibits more than just hypoglycemic effects. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro impact of metformin on cell viability and the expression levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAPDH) oxidase (p22phox), a major enzyme in reactive oxygen species generation, and the three antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) in monocytes/macrophages derived from 10 healthy volunteers. The effects of metformin were observed in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which was administered to induce oxidative stress. Furthermore, certain cells were treated with compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK, in order to determine the mechanistic role played by AMPK in the oxidative changes in the macrophages. Cell viability was evaluated using trypan blue and MTT assays. The mRNA and protein expression levels of p22phox and the various antioxidative enzymes were determined using polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. The results indicated that metformin, predominantly in LPS-pretreated monocytes/macrophages, reduced the expression levels of p22phox and increased those of SOD and GPx, but had only a minor effect on CAT levels. Therefore, metformin appears to alter the oxidative status of macrophages toward increasingly antioxidative activity, which may account for the pleiotropic effects observed during metformin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Bułdak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Łabuzek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Rafał Jakub Bułdak
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze 41-808, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Machnik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bołdys
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Marcin Basiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Okopień Bogusław
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
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Significance of Polymorphisms and Expression of Enzyme-Encoding Genes Related to Glutathione in Hematopoietic Cancers and Solid Tumors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:853573. [PMID: 26682223 PMCID: PMC4670853 DOI: 10.1155/2015/853573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant compounds such as glutathione and its enzymes have become the focus of attention of medical sciences. Glutathione, a specific tripeptide, is involved in many intercellular processes. The glutathione concentration is determined by the number of GAG repeats in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. GAG polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia, berylliosis, diabetes, lung cancer, and nasopharyngeal tumors. Cancer cells with high glutathione concentration are resistant to chemotherapy treatment. The oxidized form of glutathione is formed by glutathione peroxidases (GPXs). The changes in activity of GPX1, GPX2, and GPX3 isoforms may be associated with the development of cancers, for example, prostate cancer or even colon cancer. Detoxification of glutathione conjugates is possible due to activity of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTP1, and GSTO1 enzymes increase the risk of developing breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidases (GGTs) are responsible for glutathione degradation. Increased activity of GGT correlates with adverse prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Studies on genes encoding glutathione enzymes are continued in order to determine the correlation between DNA polymorphisms in cancer patients.
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Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Fakhrzadeh H, Sharifi F, Mirarefin M, Arzaghi SM, Badamchizadeh Z, Alizadeh Khoee M, Larijani B. Effect of metabolic control on oxidative stress, subclinical atherosclerosis and peripheral artery disease in diabetic patients. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2015; 14:84. [PMID: 26561542 PMCID: PMC4641427 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-015-0215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction By rising diabetes mellitus prevalence, the prevalence of its most complication; cardiovascular disease (CVD) is also increasing. Moreover, oxidative stress has important role in pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. We investigated relationship between total antioxidant status (TAS) and surrogate measures of subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) with glycemic status in diabetics. Methods & materials In a cross-sectional study, we recorded height, weight, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure of 267 subjects. Blood samples were collected to measure fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profiles and TAS. The surrogate measures of SA were Carotid Intima Media Thickness (CIMT), and Ankle Brachial Index (ABI). Results We found significantly lower TAS leves and ABI values and higher CIMT in diabetic patients especially in poor glycemic group. There was a nonsignificant, weak correlation between TAS, ABI and CIMT with glycemic status (r = −0.10, −0.16, and +0.09, respectively). Multivariate regression analysis showed a significant influence of increasing age and diabetes duration on worsening CIMT in poor glycemic group. Conclusions Our study showed poor glycemic control leads to worse CIMT by increasing age and duration of diabetes. However we did not find a significan correlation between glycemic status and TAS levels. We suggest CIMT measurement along with other SA markers in poor glycemic diabetics, especially in older patients with longer duration of diabetes, to identify high risk CVD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Fakhrzadeh
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Sharifi
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojde Mirarefin
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Masoud Arzaghi
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohre Badamchizadeh
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Alizadeh Khoee
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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