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Balstad TR, Bråtveit M, Solheim TS, Koteng LH, Bye A, Jakobsen RD, Schødt-Osmo B, Fjeldstad SH, Erichsen M, Vagnildhaug OM, Paur I, Ottestad I. Validity of dietary intake methods in cancer cachexia. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2024; 18:145-153. [PMID: 38980805 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Accurate assessment of dietary intake, especially energy and protein intake, is crucial for optimizing nutritional care and outcomes in patients with cancer. Validation of dietary assessment methods is necessary to ensure accuracy, but the validity of these methods in patients with cancer, and especially in those with cancer cachexia, is uncertain. Validating nutritional intake is complex because of the variety of dietary methods, lack of a gold standard method, and diverse validation measures. Here, we review the literature on validations of dietary intake methods in patients with cancer, including those with cachexia, and highlight the gap between current validation efforts and the need for accurate dietary assessment methods in this population. RECENT FINDINGS We analyzed eight studies involving 1479 patients with cancer to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of 24-hour recalls, food records, and food frequency questionnaires in estimating energy and protein intake. We discuss validation methods, including comparison with biomarkers, indirect calorimetry, and relative validation of dietary intake methods. SUMMARY Few have validated dietary intake methods against objective markers in patients with cancer. While food records and 24-hour recalls show potential accuracy for energy and protein intake, this may be compromised in hypermetabolic patients. Additionally, under- and overreporting of intake may be less frequent, and the reliability of urinary nitrogen as a protein intake marker in patients with cachexia needs further investigation. Accurate dietary assessment is important for enhancing nutritional care outcomes in cachexia trials, requiring validation at multiple time points throughout the cancer trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trude R Balstad
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition Research Group, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marianne Bråtveit
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tora S Solheim
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Cancer Clinic, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lisa Heide Koteng
- European Palliative Care Research Centre (PRC), Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asta Bye
- European Palliative Care Research Centre (PRC), Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasmus Dahl Jakobsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition Research Group, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Siv Hilde Fjeldstad
- Clinical Nutrition Center, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marianne Erichsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition Research Group, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ola Magne Vagnildhaug
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Cancer Clinic, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingvild Paur
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition Research Group, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Advisory Unit on Disease-Related Undernutrition, and Section of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Service, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Inger Ottestad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- The Clinical Nutrition Outpatient Clinic, Section of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Service, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Farooqi IS, Xu Y. Translational potential of mouse models of human metabolic disease. Cell 2024:S0092-8674(24)00771-2. [PMID: 39067442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Obesity causes significant morbidity and mortality globally. Research in the last three decades has delivered a step-change in our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that regulate energy homeostasis, building on foundational discoveries in mouse models of metabolic disease. However, not all findings made in rodents have translated to humans, hampering drug discovery in this field. Here, we review how studies in mice and humans have informed our current framework for understanding energy homeostasis, discuss their challenges and limitations, and offer a perspective on how human studies may play an increasingly important role in the discovery of disease mechanisms and identification of therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Yong Xu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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3
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Mullie P. Impact of a Special Operations Forces Basic Training on Body Composition and Energy Expenditure. Mil Med 2024; 189:e1588-e1592. [PMID: 38602455 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usad494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Belgian Special Operations Regiment undergoes an 8-week basic training course (SOF Basic Course) following the Military Initiation Phase. The aims of the present study were to estimate energy expenditure and changes in body composition during SOF Basic Course. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multi frequency body composition analyser assessed baseline and endpoint body composition. For the purpose of estimating energy expenditure, 41 participants were fitted with triaxial accelerometers. T-tests were performed on paired and unpaired samples in order to estimate statistical significance. Effect size was estimated with Cohen's d. RESULTS SOF Basic Course was completed by 88 out of 126 participants. The participants' mean (SD) age was 25.0 (4.1) years, weight was 77.6 (8.6) kg, and body fat percentage was 15.3% (3.3). Body weight of completers decreased from 78.3 (8.8) kg to 76.4 (8.0) kg (P = 0.01). Also, body fat decreased by 3.1 (1.8) kg (P = 0.01), and muscle mass increased by 1.2 (1.7) kg (P = 0.01). There was a decrease in body fat percentage from 15.3% (3.3) to 11.6% (3.4) (P = 0.01), with a Cohen's effect size of 1.86.The loss of 3.1 kg of body fat corresponds to a loss of 21,700.0 kcal (90.3 MJ) or 362.0 kcal.d-1 (1.5 MJ.d-1). The mean (SD) energy expenditure by physical activity was 1,943.0 (653.8) kcal.d-1 (14.6 [2.7] MJ.d-1). The average (SD) total energy expenditure was 4,088.0 (710.0) kcal.d-1 (36.8 [3.8] MJ.d-1). CONCLUSION Tactical athletes must perform in hypo-energetic environment. Research in the future should investigate the impact of increased energy intake on body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mullie
- DG H&WB, Queen Elisabeth Barracks, Belgian Defense, Evere 1140, Belgium
- Belgian Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Cochrane Belgium, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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Tzeravini E, Anastasios T, Alexander K, Nikolaos T, Nikolaos K. Diet induced thermogenesis, older and newer data with emphasis on obesity and diabetes mellitus - A narrative review. Metabol Open 2024; 22:100291. [PMID: 38957623 PMCID: PMC11217690 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2024.100291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem with a prevalence increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. There is an urgent need for efficient approaches to weight management. Diet induced thermogenesis (DIT) is the process by which the body increases its energy expenditure in response to a meal. It is estimated to account for approximately 10 % of total energy expenditure and is considered a potentially modifiable component of energy expenditure. The palatability of food, meal's composition in macronutrients, the circadian rhythm and sleep, as well as individual's characteristics such as age, the presence of obesity or diabetes mellitus, and the proportion of physical activity are the main factors that affect DIT. However, studies examining DIT are mostly characterized by small sample size and the methodology varies considerably between studies. It seems that even today there is a lot of contradiction between the relative studies. Inspite of that, future research might lead to the modification of DIT in order to achieve some weight loss in obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Tzeravini
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine of Athens University Medical School and the Diabetologic Center Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Tentolouris Anastasios
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine of Athens University Medical School and the Diabetologic Center Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kokkinos Alexander
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine of Athens University Medical School and the Diabetologic Center Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Tentolouris Nikolaos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine of Athens University Medical School and the Diabetologic Center Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Katsilambros Nikolaos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine of Athens University Medical School and the Diabetologic Center Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Scalise F, Cavanna F, Godio C, Beretta EP. Exercise Intensity and Activity Energy Expenditure of Professional Golf Players in Official Competitive Setting. Sports Health 2024; 16:481-486. [PMID: 37278287 PMCID: PMC11025503 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231175149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research regarding the physical needs of professional golf players is lacking. With advances in wearable technology, it has become easier to analyze physiological responses such as heart rate (HR) to determine activity energy expenditure (AEE). The purpose of the study was to evaluate exercise intensity (EI) and AEE during 4 consecutive tournament's golf rounds using a popular wrist-based HR monitoring. HYPOTHESIS Wearable systems for HR monitoring can be used to provide an accurate estimate of energy expenditure. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS A total of 20 male professional golfers participated in the study. Each player was monitored during an official tournament consisting of 4 rounds of 18 holes. EI and AEE were determined using HR wrist monitoring (Whoop Strap 2.0). We calculated the percentage of HRmax (%HRmax) and the percentage of HRres (%HRres) and the AEE in kcal/min using Keytel's formula. RESULTS The calculated mean %HRmax and %HRres for the study population were 56.4% ± 1.8% and 40.5% ± 2.6%, respectively. Considering American College of Sports Medicine guidelines, these average percentages correspond to a moderate EI. The average caloric expenditure was 5.4 ± 0.4 kcal/min and 1555.8 ± 157.8 kcal per round considering an average golf round duration of 288.3 ± 19.5 minutes. CONCLUSION A professional player's golf round is moderate physical activity. The AEE of this activity was equal to 5.4 cal/min, which is moderate energy consumption. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These data could help golf coaches and conditioning coaches to have a better understanding of the load placed on golfers during tournaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Scalise
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Heart Center, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Godio
- Nutritional Development Department, DS Medica, Milan, Italy
| | - Egidio P. Beretta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Prado-Nóvoa O, Howard KR, Laskaridou E, Reid GR, Zorrilla-Revilla G, Marinik EL, Davy BM, Speakman JR, Davy KP. Validation of predictive equations to estimate resting metabolic rate of females and males across different activity levels. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24005. [PMID: 37843050 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using equations to predict resting metabolic rate (RMR) has yielded different degrees of validity, particularly when sex and different physical activity levels were considered. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the validity of several different predictive equations to estimate RMR in female and male adults with varying physical activity levels. METHOD We measured the RMR of 50 adults (26 females and 24 males) evenly distributed through activity levels varying from sedentary to ultra-endurance. Body composition was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry and physical activity was monitored by accelerometry. Ten equations to predict RMR were applied (using Body Mass [BM]: Harris & Benedict, 1919; Mifflin et al., 1990 [MifflinBM]; Pontzer et al., 2021 [PontzerBM]; Schofield, 1985; FAO/WHO/UNU, 2004; and using Fat-Free Mass (FFM): Cunningham, 1991; Johnstone et al., 2006; Mifflin et al., 1990 [MifflinFFM]; Nelson et al. 1992; Pontzer et al., 2021 [PontzerFFM]). The accuracy of these equations was analyzed, and the effect of sex and physical activity was evaluated using different accuracy metrics. RESULTS Equations using BM were less accurate for females, and their accuracy was influenced by physical activity and body composition. FFM equations were slightly less accurate for males but there was no obvious effect of physical activity or other sample parameters. PontzerFFM provides higher accuracy than other models independent of the magnitude of RMR, sex, activity levels, and sample characteristics. CONCLUSION Equations using FFM were more accurate than BM equations in our sample. Future studies are needed to test the accuracy of RMR prediction equations in diverse samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalla Prado-Nóvoa
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Kristen R Howard
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Eleni Laskaridou
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Glen R Reid
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Guillermo Zorrilla-Revilla
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Departamento de Historia, Geografía y Comunicación, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Elaina L Marinik
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Brenda M Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - John R Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kevin P Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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Vasileiou A, Searle D, Larsen SC, Magkos F, Horgan G, Stubbs RJ, Santos I, Palmeira AL, Heitmann BL. Comparing self-reported energy intake using an online dietary tool with energy expenditure by an activity tracker. Nutrition 2024; 118:112258. [PMID: 38007995 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare self-reported total energy intake (TEI) collected using an online multiple-pass 24-h dietary recall tool (Intake24) with total energy expenditure (TEE) estimated from Fitbit Charge 2-improved algorithms in adults from the NoHoW trial (12-mo weight maintenance after free-living weight loss). METHODS Bland-Altman plots were used to assess the level of agreement between TEI and TEE at baseline and after 12 mo. The ratio of TEI to TEE was also calculated. RESULTS Data from 1323 participants (71% female) was included in the analysis (mean ± SD: age 45 ± 12 y, body mass index 29.7 ± 5.4 kg/m2, initial weight loss 11.5 ± 6.5 kg). The TEI was lower than TEE on average by 33%, with limits of agreement ranging from -91% to +25%. Men, younger individuals, those with higher body mass index, those with the greater weight loss before enrollment, and those who gained weight during the study underestimated to a greater extent. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to the ongoing research examining the validity of technology-based dietary assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominique Searle
- The Parker Institute, Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofus C Larsen
- The Parker Institute, Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Graham Horgan
- BioSS, Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - R James Stubbs
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Inês Santos
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; CIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António L Palmeira
- CIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Portugal; CIFI2D, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- The Parker Institute, Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Boden Group, The Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
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Godfrey H, Morrow S, Abood SK, Verbrugghe A. Identifying the target population and preventive strategies to combat feline obesity. J Feline Med Surg 2024; 26:1098612X241228042. [PMID: 38415669 PMCID: PMC10911305 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x241228042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Feline obesity continues to be a priority health and welfare issue. Most research surrounding obesity currently focuses on obesity treatment. However, treatment for feline obesity is slow, often unsuccessful and not without consequences. Identifying high-risk populations for obesity onset is crucial for developing and implementing preventive strategies. This review identifies post-gonadectomy kittens aged 5-12 months as the primary target population for obesity prevention in domestic cats and highlights dietary and feeding management strategies to be implemented for obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Godfrey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Shawna Morrow
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah K Abood
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Adronie Verbrugghe
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Notley SR, Mitchell D, Taylor NAS. A century of exercise physiology: concepts that ignited the study of human thermoregulation. Part 2: physiological measurements. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:2587-2685. [PMID: 37796291 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
In this, the second of four historical reviews on human thermoregulation during exercise, we examine the research techniques developed by our forebears. We emphasise calorimetry and thermometry, and measurements of vasomotor and sudomotor function. Since its first human use (1899), direct calorimetry has provided the foundation for modern respirometric methods for quantifying metabolic rate, and remains the most precise index of whole-body heat exchange and storage. Its alternative, biophysical modelling, relies upon many, often dubious assumptions. Thermometry, used for >300 y to assess deep-body temperatures, provides only an instantaneous snapshot of the thermal status of tissues in contact with any thermometer. Seemingly unbeknownst to some, thermal time delays at some surrogate sites preclude valid measurements during non-steady state conditions. To assess cutaneous blood flow, immersion plethysmography was introduced (1875), followed by strain-gauge plethysmography (1949) and then laser-Doppler velocimetry (1964). Those techniques allow only local flow measurements, which may not reflect whole-body blood flows. Sudomotor function has been estimated from body-mass losses since the 1600s, but using mass losses to assess evaporation rates requires precise measures of non-evaporated sweat, which are rarely obtained. Hygrometric methods provide data for local sweat rates, but not local evaporation rates, and most local sweat rates cannot be extrapolated to reflect whole-body sweating. The objective of these methodological overviews and critiques is to provide a deeper understanding of how modern measurement techniques were developed, their underlying assumptions, and the strengths and weaknesses of the measurements used for humans exercising and working in thermally challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Notley
- Defence Science and Technology Group, Department of Defence, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Duncan Mitchell
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Nigel A S Taylor
- College of Human Ecology, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Notley SR, Mitchell D, Taylor NAS. A century of exercise physiology: concepts that ignited the study of human thermoregulation. Part 1: Foundational principles and theories of regulation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:2379-2459. [PMID: 37702789 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
This contribution is the first of a four-part, historical series encompassing foundational principles, mechanistic hypotheses and supported facts concerning human thermoregulation during athletic and occupational pursuits, as understood 100 years ago and now. Herein, the emphasis is upon the physical and physiological principles underlying thermoregulation, the goal of which is thermal homeostasis (homeothermy). As one of many homeostatic processes affected by exercise, thermoregulation shares, and competes for, physiological resources. The impact of that sharing is revealed through the physiological measurements that we take (Part 2), in the physiological responses to the thermal stresses to which we are exposed (Part 3) and in the adaptations that increase our tolerance to those stresses (Part 4). Exercising muscles impose our most-powerful heat stress, and the physiological avenues for redistributing heat, and for balancing heat exchange with the environment, must adhere to the laws of physics. The first principles of internal and external heat exchange were established before 1900, yet their full significance is not always recognised. Those physiological processes are governed by a thermoregulatory centre, which employs feedback and feedforward control, and which functions as far more than a thermostat with a set-point, as once was thought. The hypothalamus, today established firmly as the neural seat of thermoregulation, does not regulate deep-body temperature alone, but an integrated temperature to which thermoreceptors from all over the body contribute, including the skin and probably the muscles. No work factor needs to be invoked to explain how body temperature is stabilised during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Notley
- Defence Science and Technology Group, Department of Defence, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Duncan Mitchell
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Nigel A S Taylor
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Pasquale A, Raffaele D, Gerardo C, Marisa C, Silvestre P, Valentina G, Umberto DF, Michele M, Stefano P, Mariarosaria DL, Vincenzo G. 3-Day food record: efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 34:767-771. [PMID: 37702297 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2023-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the 3-day food records in monitoring and enhancing dietary habits among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS A total of 49 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled, with 38 completing the study. Participants were instructed to record their food intake over 3 consecutive days every 2 months. Key anthropometric and glycometabolic parameters, including body weight, abdominal circumference, glycated hemoglobin, and fasting blood sugar, were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months. RESULTS The introduction of the 3-day food records led to significant improvements in body weight, abdominal circumference, glycated hemoglobin, and fasting blood sugar. Additionally, there was a notable increase in the percentage of patients adhering to the LARN nutritional recommendations, especially concerning the intake of carbohydrates, simple sugars, proteins, fiber, and water. However, adherence to lipid and saturated fat recommendations remained a challenge. CONCLUSIONS The 3-day food records emerges as a valuable tool in the dietary management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. By facilitating real-time monitoring and feedback, it holds promise in enhancing patient adherence to nutritional guidelines, thereby improving key health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - De Fortuna Umberto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Modestino Michele
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Palermi Stefano
- Public Health Department, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - De Luca Mariarosaria
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Guardasole Vincenzo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Wang X, Mao D, Xu Z, Wang Y, Yang X, Zhuo Q, Tian Y, Huan Y, Li Y. Predictive Equation for Basal Metabolic Rate in Normal-Weight Chinese Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:4185. [PMID: 37836469 PMCID: PMC10574416 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a predictive equation for basal metabolic rate (BMR) in normal-weight Chinese adults and provide a reference for establishing the national recommended dietary energy intake. A new equation for BMR was derived from a sample of 516 normal-weight Chinese adults (men = 253, women = 263), and this sample was collected from two previous studies. Furthermore, the accuracy of this new equation and eight other previous predictive equations was reviewed. The agreement and reliability were compared in terms of bias, accuracy, the intraclass correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman plots between predictive equations. In addition, the newly developed equation was further verified using a small independent sample, which contained 41 healthy Chinese adults (men = 21, women = 20). The measured BMR (mBMR) of all participants, measured using indirect calorimetry, was 1346.2 ± 358.0 kcal/d. Thirty participants were excluded based on Cook's distance criteria (Cook's distance of ≥0.008). Previous equations developed by Henry, Schofield, Harris-Benedict (H-B), Yang, and Hong overestimated the BMR of healthy Chinese adults. The present equation displayed the smallest average bias (0.2 kcal/d) between the mBMR and predicted basal metabolic rate (pBMR). The limits of agreement of the present equation from Bland-Altman plots were -514.3 kcal/d and 513.9 kcal/d, which is the most narrow and balanced limit of agreement. Moreover, in the verification of the testing database, the pBMR of the new equation was not significantly different from the mBMR, and the accuracy was 75.6%. Compared with pre-existing equations, the present equation is more applicable to the prediction of BMR in healthy Chinese adults. However, further studies are required to verify the accuracy of this new equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission (NHC), National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (X.W.); (D.M.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Deqian Mao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission (NHC), National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (X.W.); (D.M.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Zechao Xu
- Beijing Chaoyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China;
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission (NHC), National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (X.W.); (D.M.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.)
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaoguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission (NHC), National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (X.W.); (D.M.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.)
- China-DRIs Expert Committee on Macronutrients, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qin Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission (NHC), National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (X.W.); (D.M.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.)
- China-DRIs Expert Committee on Macronutrients, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Yuping Huan
- Department of Cuisine and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China;
| | - Yajie Li
- Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China;
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13
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Penhaligan J, Sequeira-Bisson IR, Miles-Chan JL. The role of postprandial thermogenesis in the development of impaired glucose tolerance and type II diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E171-E179. [PMID: 37378621 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00113.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Accounting for 5%-15% of total daily energy expenditure, postprandial thermogenesis (PPT) refers to an acute increase in resting metabolic rate (RMR) in the hours after eating. This is largely explained by the energy costs of processing the macronutrients of a meal. Most individuals spend the majority of the day in the postprandial state, thus over one's lifetime even minor differences in PPT may possess true clinical significance. In contrast to RMR, research indicates that PPT may be reduced in the development of both prediabetes and type II diabetes (T2D). The present analysis of existing literature has found that this impairment may be exaggerated in hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies compared with food and beverage consumption studies. Nonetheless, it is estimated that daily PPT following carbohydrate consumption alone is approximately 150 kJ lower among individuals with T2D. This estimate fails to consider protein intake, which is notably more thermogenic than carbohydrate intake (20%-30% vs. 5%-8%, respectively). Putatively, dysglycemic individuals may lack the insulin sensitivity required to divert glucose toward storage-a more energy-taxing pathway. Accordingly, the majority of findings has associated an impaired PPT with a reduced "obligatory" energy output (i.e., the energy costs associated with nutrient processing). More recently, it has been reported that "facultative" thermogenesis [e.g., the energy costs associated with sympathetic nervous system (SNS) stimulation] may also contribute to any impairment in PPT among individuals with prediabetes and T2D. Further longitudinal research is required to truly ascertain whether meaningful changes in PPT manifest in the prediabetic state, before the development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Penhaligan
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ivana R Sequeira-Bisson
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer L Miles-Chan
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Riddet Centre of Research Excellence (CoRE) for Food and Nutrition, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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14
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Ford KL, Pichard C, Sawyer MB, Trottier CF, Disi IR, Purcell SA, Ghosh S, Siervo M, Deutz NE, Prado CM. Total energy expenditure assessed by 24-h whole-room indirect calorimeter in patients with colorectal cancer: baseline findings from the PRIMe study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:422-432. [PMID: 37290740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total energy expenditure (TEE) determines energy requirements, but objective data in patients with cancer are limited. OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize TEE, investigate its predictors, and compare TEE with cancer-specific predicted energy requirements. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis included patients with stages II-IV colorectal cancer from the Protein Recommendation to Increase Muscle (PRIMe) trial. TEE was assessed by 24-h stay in a whole-room indirect calorimeter before dietary intervention and compared with cancer-specific predicted energy requirements (25-30 kcal/kg). Generalized linear models, paired-samples t tests, and Pearson correlation were applied. RESULTS Thirty-one patients (56 ± 10 y; body mass index [BMI]: 27.9 ± 5.5 kg/m2; 68% male) were included. Absolute TEE was higher in males (mean difference: 391 kcal/d; 95% CI: 167, 616 kcal/d; P < 0.001), patients with colon cancer (mean difference: 279 kcal/d; 95% CI: 73, 485 kcal/d; P = 0.010), and patients with obesity (mean difference: 393 kcal/d; 95% CI: 182, 604 kcal/d; P < 0.001). Appendicular lean soft tissue (β: 46.72; 95% CI: 34.27, 59.17; P < 0.001) and tumor location (colon-β: 139.69; 95% CI: 19.44, 259.95; P = 0.023) independently predicted TEE when adjusted for sex. Error between measured TEE and energy requirements predicted by 25 kcal/kg (mean difference: 241 kcal/d; 95% CI: 76, 405 kcal/d; P = 0.010) or 30 kcal/kg (mean difference: 367 kcal/d; 95% CI: 163, 571 kcal/d; P < 0.001) was higher for patients with obesity, and proportional error was observed (25 kcal/kg: r = -0.587; P < 0.001; and 30 kcal/kg: r = -0.751; P < 0.001). TEE (mean difference: 25 kcal/kg; 95% CI: 24, 27 kcal/kg) was below predicted requirements using 30 kcal/kg (-430 ± 322 kcal/d; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This is the largest study to assess TEE of patients with cancer using whole-room indirect calorimeter and highlights the need for improved assessment of energy requirements in this population. Energy requirements predicted using 30 kcal/kg overestimated TEE by 1.44 times in a controlled sedentary environment and TEE was outside of the predicted requirement range for most. Special considerations are warranted when determining TEE of patients with colorectal cancer, such as BMI, body composition, and tumor location. This is a baseline cross-sectional analysis from a clinical trial registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02788955 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02788955).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Ford
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Claude Pichard
- Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Claire F Trottier
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ilana Roitman Disi
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah A Purcell
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Curtin Dementia Centre of Excellence, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Nicolaas Ep Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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15
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Li Y, Zhai H, Kang L, Chu Q, Zhao X, Li R. Causal association between basal metabolic rate and risk of cardiovascular diseases: a univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12487. [PMID: 37528130 PMCID: PMC10393961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is associated with cardiovascular health; however, the causal relationship between BMR and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential causal relationship of BMR on common CVDs including aortic aneurysm (AA), atrial fibrillation and flutter (AFF), calcific aortic valvular stenosis (CAVS), heart failure (HF), and myocardial infarction (MI) by Mendelian randomization (MR). The univariable MR analysis using inverse variance weighted (IVW) model as the primary analysis method revealed that genetically predicted higher BMR causally increased the risk of AA [IVW odds ratio (OR) = 1.34, 95% confidence interval CI 1.09-1.65, p = 0.00527], AFF (IVW OR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.65-2.12, p = 1.697 × E-22), and HF (IVW OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.20-1.51, p = 2.364 × E-07), while causally decreasing the risk of MI (IVW OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.73-0.93, p = 0.00255). In the multivariable MR analysis, which controlled for common cardiovascular risk factors, direct effects of BMR on an increased risk of AA and AFF, as well as a decreased risk of MI, but an attenuated causal effect on HF, were observed. In conclusion, the current MR study provides evidence for a causal relationship between BMR and the risk of AA, AFF, HF, and MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiqi Zhai
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Kang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingmin Chu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinjun Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Chung E, Lee SH, Lee HJ, Kim YH. Comparative study of young-old and old-old people using functional evaluation, gait characteristics, and cardiopulmonary metabolic energy consumption. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:400. [PMID: 37386363 PMCID: PMC10311791 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking is an important factor in daily life. Among older adults, gait function declines with age. In contrast to the many studies revealing gait differences between young adults and older adults, few studies have further divided older adults into groups. The purpose of this study was to subdivide an older adult population by age to identify age-related differences in functional evaluation, gait characteristics and cardiopulmonary metabolic energy consumption while walking. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 62 old adult participants who were classified into two age groups of 31 participants each as follows: young-old (65-74 years) and old-old (75-84 years) group. Physical functions, activities of daily living, mood state, cognitive function, quality of life, and fall efficacy were evaluated using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Four-square Step Test (FSST), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Korean Version of the Modified Barthel Index, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Korean Mini-mental State Examination, EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) questionnaire, and the Korean version of the Fall Efficacy Scale. A three-dimensional motion capture system (Kestrel Digital RealTime System®; Motion Analysis Corporation, Santa Rosa, CA, USA) and two force plates (TF-4060-B; Tec Gihan, Kyoto, Japan) were used to investigate spatiotemporal gait parameters (velocity, cadence, stride length, stride width, step length, single support, stance phase, and swing phase), kinematic variables (hip, knee, and ankle joint angles), and kinetic variables (hip, knee, and ankle joint moment and power) of gait. A portable cardiopulmonary metabolic system (K5; Cosmed, Rome, Italy) was used to measure cardiopulmonary energy consumption. RESULTS The old-old group showed significantly lower SPPB, FSST, TUG, GDS-SF, and EQ-5D scores (p < 0.05). Among spatiotemporal gait parameters, velocity, stride length, and step length were significantly lower in the old-old group than in the young-old group (p < 0.05). Among the kinematic variables, the knee joint flexion angles during initial contact and terminal swing phase were significantly higher in the old-old than the young-old group (P < 0.05). The old-old group also showed a significantly lower ankle joint plantarflexion angle during the pre- and initial swing phases (P < 0.05). Among the kinetic variables, the hip joint flexion moment and knee joint absorption power in the pre-swing phase were significantly lower in the old-old than the young-old group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that participants 75-84 years of age had less functional gaits than their young-old counterparts (65-74 years old). As the walking pace of old-old people diminishes, driving strength to move ahead and pressure on the knee joint also tend to decrease together with stride length. These differences in gait characteristics according to age among older adults could improve our understanding of how aging causes variations in gait that increase the risk of falls. Older adults of different ages may require customized intervention plans, such as gait training methods, to prevent age-related falls. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trials registration information: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04723927 (26/01/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Chung
- Department of Medical Device Management & Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351 Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Lee
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang-Jae Lee
- Robot Business Team, Samsung Electronics, Suwon, 16677 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Medical Device Management & Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351 Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
- Haeundae Sharing and Happiness Hospital, Pusan, 48101 Republic of Korea
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17
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Reynolds LJ, Powell KR, Akhter T, Twiddy HM, Wilson PB. A single bout of breast milk expression does not increase resting metabolic rate. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23874. [PMID: 36722452 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breastfeeding women have elevated resting metabolic rate (RMR); however, whether a single bout of lactation increases RMR is unknown. This study aimed to determine if a single bout of lactation acutely increased RMR. METHODS Twenty-two lactating women (age: 31 ± 0.9 year, body mass index: 27.3 ± 1.2 kg/m2 ) were recruited. RMR was assessed at baseline and at 1- and 2-h following breast milk expression. RESULTS RMR was unchanged in lactating women following a single bout of lactation (baseline: 1437 ± 39; 1 h: 1425 ± 37 2 h: 1440 ± 31 kcal/day) (p > .05). RMR was not correlated to daily milk produced (r = 0.05, p > .05), but was correlated to body mass (r = 0.74, p < .001), fat-free mass (kg) (r = 0.61, p < .01), and fat mass (kg) (r = 0.71, p < .01). CONCLUSION RMR in lactating women appears to be more related to body mass or composition in the postpartum period rather than lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leryn J Reynolds
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Darden College of Education and Professional Studies, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Kayla R Powell
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Darden College of Education and Professional Studies, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Taskina Akhter
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Darden College of Education and Professional Studies, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Hannah M Twiddy
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Darden College of Education and Professional Studies, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Patrick B Wilson
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Darden College of Education and Professional Studies, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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18
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Metcalfe NB, Bellman J, Bize P, Blier PU, Crespel A, Dawson NJ, Dunn RE, Halsey LG, Hood WR, Hopkins M, Killen SS, McLennan D, Nadler LE, Nati JJH, Noakes MJ, Norin T, Ozanne SE, Peaker M, Pettersen AK, Przybylska-Piech A, Rathery A, Récapet C, Rodríguez E, Salin K, Stier A, Thoral E, Westerterp KR, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Wojciechowski MS, Monaghan P. Solving the conundrum of intra-specific variation in metabolic rate: A multidisciplinary conceptual and methodological toolkit: New technical developments are opening the door to an understanding of why metabolic rate varies among individual animals of a species: New technical developments are opening the door to an understanding of why metabolic rate varies among individual animals of a species. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300026. [PMID: 37042115 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Researchers from diverse disciplines, including organismal and cellular physiology, sports science, human nutrition, evolution and ecology, have sought to understand the causes and consequences of the surprising variation in metabolic rate found among and within individual animals of the same species. Research in this area has been hampered by differences in approach, terminology and methodology, and the context in which measurements are made. Recent advances provide important opportunities to identify and address the key questions in the field. By bringing together researchers from different areas of biology and biomedicine, we describe and evaluate these developments and the insights they could yield, highlighting the need for more standardisation across disciplines. We conclude with a list of important questions that can now be addressed by developing a common conceptual and methodological toolkit for studies on metabolic variation in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil B Metcalfe
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jakob Bellman
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pierre Bize
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Pierre U Blier
- Département de Biologie, Université de Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada
| | - Amélie Crespel
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Neal J Dawson
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ruth E Dunn
- Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Lewis G Halsey
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Wendy R Hood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, USA
| | - Mark Hopkins
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Leeds University, Leeds, UK
| | - Shaun S Killen
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Darryl McLennan
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lauren E Nadler
- Ocean and Earth Science, NOC, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Julie J H Nati
- Ocean Sciences Center, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada
| | - Matthew J Noakes
- School of Animal, Plant, and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tommy Norin
- DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Amanda K Pettersen
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anna Przybylska-Piech
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology & Ecology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Alann Rathery
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Récapet
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOP, Saint-Pée-sur-, Nivelle, France
| | - Enrique Rodríguez
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Karine Salin
- IFREMER, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Laboratory of Environmental Marine Sciences, Plouzané, France
| | - Antoine Stier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elisa Thoral
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Klaas R Westerterp
- Department of Nutrition & Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michał S Wojciechowski
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology & Ecology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Pat Monaghan
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Ng JCM, Schooling CM. Effect of basal metabolic rate on lifespan: a sex-specific Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7761. [PMID: 37173352 PMCID: PMC10182013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Observationally, the association of basal metabolic rate (BMR) with mortality is mixed, although some ageing theories suggest that higher BMR should reduce lifespan. It remains unclear whether a causal association exists. In this one-sample Mendelian randomization study, we aimed to estimate the casual effect of BMR on parental attained age, a proxy for lifespan, using two-sample Mendelian randomization methods. We obtained genetic variants strongly (p-value < 5 × 10-8) and independently (r2 < 0.001) predicting BMR from the UK Biobank and applied them to a genome-wide association study of parental attained age based on the UK Biobank. We meta-analyzed genetic variant-specific Wald ratios using inverse-variance weighting with multiplicative random effects by sex, supplemented by sensitivity analysis. A total of 178 and 180 genetic variants predicting BMR in men and women were available for father's and mother's attained age, respectively. Genetically predicted BMR was inversely associated with father's and mother's attained age (years of life lost per unit increase in effect size of genetically predicted BMR, 0.46 and 1.36; 95% confidence interval 0.07-0.85 and 0.89-1.82), with a stronger association in women than men. In conclusion, higher BMR might reduce lifespan. The underlying pathways linking to major causes of death and relevant interventions warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C M Ng
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - C Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, 55 West 125th St, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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Ramadurai S, Jeong H, Kim M. Predicting the metabolic cost of exoskeleton-assisted squatting using foot pressure features and machine learning. Front Robot AI 2023; 10:1166248. [PMID: 37151375 PMCID: PMC10154631 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2023.1166248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Recent studies found that wearable exoskeletons can reduce physical effort and fatigue during squatting. In particular, subject-specific assistance helped to significantly reduce physical effort, shown by reduced metabolic cost, using human-in-the-loop optimization of the exoskeleton parameters. However, measuring metabolic cost using respiratory data has limitations, such as long estimation times, presence of noise, and user discomfort. A recent study suggests that foot contact forces can address those challenges and be used as an alternative metric to the metabolic cost to personalize wearable robot assistance during walking. Methods: In this study, we propose that foot center of pressure (CoP) features can be used to estimate the metabolic cost of squatting using a machine learning method. Five subjects' foot pressure and metabolic cost data were collected as they performed squats with an ankle exoskeleton at different assistance conditions in our prior study. In this study, we extracted statistical features from the CoP squat trajectories and fed them as input to a random forest model, with the metabolic cost as the output. Results: The model predicted the metabolic cost with a mean error of 0.55 W/kg on unseen test data, with a high correlation (r = 0.89, p < 0.01) between the true and predicted cost. The features of the CoP trajectory in the medial-lateral direction of the foot (xCoP), which relate to ankle eversion-inversion, were found to be important and highly correlated with metabolic cost. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that increased ankle eversion (outward roll of the ankle), which reflects a suboptimal squatting strategy, results in higher metabolic cost. Higher ankle eversion has been linked with the etiology of chronic lower limb injuries. Hence, a CoP-based cost function in human-in-the-loop optimization could offer several advantages, such as reduced estimation time, injury risk mitigation, and better user comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Ramadurai
- Rehabilitation Robotics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Heejin Jeong
- The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ, United States
- *Correspondence: Myunghee Kim, ; Heejin Jeong,
| | - Myunghee Kim
- Rehabilitation Robotics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Myunghee Kim, ; Heejin Jeong,
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Lee S, Moto K, Oh T, Taguchi M. Comparison between predicted and measured resting energy expenditures in Korean male collegiate soccer players. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2022; 26:25-31. [PMID: 36353827 PMCID: PMC9663256 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2022.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to evaluate the differences between predicted resting energy expenditure (REE), using fat-free mass (FFM)-based prediction equations, and measured REE in Korean male collegiate soccer players. [Methods] Fifteen male collegiate soccer players (18-21 years) participated in this study. The REE measurements were conducted using the Douglas bag method. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The differences between the measured REE and predicted REE, using the five FFM-based REE equations, were analyzed using the t-test, calculation of errors, regression analysis, and the Bland-Altman method. [Results] The Cunningham (1980) and ten Haaf and Weijs (2014) equations showed significantly overestimated REE (1,808 ± 99 kcal/d, p <0.01; 1,838 ± 103 kcal/d, p <0.01; respectively), but the Owen (1988), Taguchi (2011), and Kim (2015) equations’ estimations were not significantly different from the measured REE (1,589 ± 106 kcal/d, 1,640 ± 124 kcal/d, and 1,622 ± 68 kcal/d, respectively). The Taguchi equation gave the best prediction of REE with the lowest constant error (-6 ± 125) and effect size (-0.05), and a non-significant proportional bias (p = 0.95). [Conclusion] The Taguchi equation is recommended for predicting REE in Korean collegiate soccer players. The selection process of a REE-prediction equation must take into consideration the target population’s characteristics. Future studies are recommended to evaluate the validity of the different FFM-based REE-prediction equations in various Korean athletes.
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Dörner R, Hägele FA, Koop J, Rising R, Foerster T, Olsen T, Hasler M, Müller MJ, Bosy-Westphal A. Validation of energy expenditure and macronutrient oxidation measured by two new whole-room indirect calorimeters. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1796-1805. [PMID: 35927795 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to validate two new whole-room indirfect calorimeters according to Room Indirect Calorimetry Operating and Reporting Standards (RICORS 1.0). METHODS For technical validation, 16 propane combustion tests were performed to determine accuracy and precision of energy expenditure (EE) and ventilation rates of oxygen (VO2 ), carbon dioxide (VCO2 ), and respiratory exchange ratio (VCO2 /VO2 ). For biological validation, eight participants (mean [SD], age 24.1 [2.5] years; BMI 24.3 [3.1] kg/m2 ) underwent four 24-hour protocols under highly standardized conditions: (1) isocaloric sedentary, (2) fasting sedentary, (3) isocaloric active, and (4) fasting active. Reliability (coefficients of variation [CV]) and minimal detectable changes (MDC) were calculated for 24-hour EE, sleeping metabolic rate (SMR), physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE), thermic effect of food (TEF), and macronutrient oxidation rates. RESULTS Technical validation showed high reliability and recovery rates for VO2 (0.75% and 100.8%, respectively), VCO2 (0.49% and 100.6%), and EE (0.54% and 98.2%). Biological validation revealed CV and MDC for active conditions of 1.4% and 4.3% for 24-hour EE, 1.7% and 5.9% for SMR, and 30.2% and 38.4% for TEF, as well as 5.8% and 10.5% for PAEE, respectively. Mean CV and MDC for macronutrient oxidation rates were 9.9% and 22.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The precision of 24-hour EE and SMR was high, whereas it was lower for PAEE and poor for TEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Dörner
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Franziska A Hägele
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jana Koop
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mario Hasler
- Applied Statistic, Agricultural and Food Economics Faculty, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Manfred J Müller
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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Nogueira LFR, Crispim CA, Cipolla-Neto J, de Castro Moreno CR, Marqueze EC. The Effect of Exogenous Melatonin on Eating Habits of Female Night Workers with Excessive Weight. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163420. [PMID: 36014925 PMCID: PMC9412377 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Melatonin is a pineal hormone that plays an important role as an endogenous synchronizer of circadian rhythms and energy metabolism. As this circadian component has been closely related to eating behavior, an important question on this topic would be whether melatonin administration could influence eating habits. However, this topic has been rarely studied in the literature in individuals with excessive weight and chronic circadian misalignment, such as shift workers. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of exogenous melatonin administration on the quali/quantitative aspects and temporal distribution of food intake in female night workers with excessive weight (overweight and obesity). An additional aim is to evaluate the association of the referred outcomes with circadian misalignment and chronotype. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial was conducted with 27 female nursing professionals with excessive weight who worked permanent night shifts. The protocol was implemented under real-life conditions for 24 weeks, in two randomly allocated conditions (12 weeks of melatonin and 12 weeks of placebo). The quali/quantitative aspects of food intake (NOVA classification, total energy intake and the proportion of calories from macronutrients) and meal timing were assessed using food diaries. Timing for every meal recorded in the diaries was assessed to evaluate the temporal distribution of food intake. Generalized estimating equations were performed for each dependent variable. Results: No significant modifications in total energy intake, macronutrient distribution, types of foods consumed, and meal timing were observed after melatonin administration. Different levels of circadian misalignment and chronotype did not interfere with these results. Conclusion: Eating habits of female night workers with excessive weight remained unchanged after melatonin administration, and no association of these results with circadian misalignment and chronotype was found. These results suggest that the metabolic effects of melatonin may occur independently of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Fidalgo Ramos Nogueira
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health Graduate Program, Catholic University of Santos, Av. Conselheiro Nébias 300, Vila Mathias, Santos 11015-001, Brazil
| | - Cibele Aparecida Crispim
- Chrononutrition Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Bloco 2U, Uberlandia 38405-320, Brazil
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 1524, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Claudia Roberta de Castro Moreno
- Department of Health, Life Cycles and Society, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, 16 Frescati Hagväg, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (C.R.d.C.M.); (E.C.M.)
| | - Elaine Cristina Marqueze
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health Graduate Program, Catholic University of Santos, Av. Conselheiro Nébias 300, Vila Mathias, Santos 11015-001, Brazil
- Department of Health, Life Cycles and Society, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.R.d.C.M.); (E.C.M.)
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Bou Khalil R, Sultan A, Seneque M, Richa S, Lefebvre P, Renard E, Courtet P, Maimoun L, Guillaume S. Clinical Correlates of Measured and Predicted Resting Energy Expenditure in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:2727. [PMID: 35807906 PMCID: PMC9269154 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting energy expenditure (REE; i.e., the calorie amount required for 24 h during a non-active period) is an important parameter in nutritional rehabilitation of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). This study determined whether age, body mass index, AN duration/subtype/specific symptoms/clinical severity, cognitive function alterations, and psychiatric comorbidities influenced REE or the difference between the calculated and estimated REE. Patients with AN who were followed at a daycare treatment facility between May 2017 and January 2020 (n = 138) underwent a complete assessment that included the MINI, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, d2 test of attention, body fat composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and REE measurement by indirect calorimetry (REEIC). AN subtype (N = 66 for restrictive subtype and N = 69 for non-restrictive subtype; p = 0.005), free-fat mass (<0.001), and fat mass (<0.001) were associated with REEIC. Age (p < 0.001), height (p = 0.003), and AN duration (N = 46 for <3 years and N = 82 for ≥3 years; p = 0.012) were associated with the difference between estimated REE (using the Schebendach equation) and measured REEIC. Therefore, the Schebendach equation was adjusted differently in the two patients’ subgroups (AN duration ≤ or >3 years). Overall, REE was higher in patients with restrictive than non-restrictive AN. In the absence of BIA measures, REE-estimating equations should take into account AN duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Bou Khalil
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint Joseph University-Hôtel Dieu de France Hospital, Mar Mikhael, Beirut 17-5208, Lebanon;
- PSNREC, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (P.C.); (S.G.)
- UMR CNRS 5203, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1191, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Ariane Sultan
- UMR CNRS 5203, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1191, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Maude Seneque
- PSNREC, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (P.C.); (S.G.)
- Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Sami Richa
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint Joseph University-Hôtel Dieu de France Hospital, Mar Mikhael, Beirut 17-5208, Lebanon;
| | - Patrick Lefebvre
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France; (P.L.); (E.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Eric Renard
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France; (P.L.); (E.R.); (L.M.)
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Courtet
- PSNREC, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (P.C.); (S.G.)
- UMR CNRS 5203, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1191, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Maimoun
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France; (P.L.); (E.R.); (L.M.)
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Sebastien Guillaume
- PSNREC, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (P.C.); (S.G.)
- UMR CNRS 5203, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1191, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France
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Pagano AP, Ford KL, Porter Starr KN, Kiss N, Steed H, Kung JY, Elango R, Prado CM. Energy Metabolism in Gynecological Cancers: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116419. [PMID: 35682004 PMCID: PMC9180127 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Determining energy requirements is vital for optimizing nutrition interventions in pro-catabolic conditions such as cancer. Gynecological cancer encompasses the most common malignancies in women, yet there is a paucity of research on its metabolic implications. The aim of this review was to explore the literature related to energy metabolism in gynecological cancers. We were particularly interested in exploring the prevalence of energy metabolism abnormalities, methodological approaches used to assess energy metabolism, and clinical implications of inaccurately estimating energy needs. A search strategy was conducted from inception to 27 July 2021. Studies investigating energy metabolism using accurate techniques in adults with any stage of gynecological cancer and the type of treatment were considered. Of the 874 articles screened for eligibility, five studies were included. The definition of energy metabolism abnormalities varied among studies. Considering this limitation, four of the five studies reported hypermetabolism. One of these studies found that hypermetabolism was more prevalent in ovarian compared to cervical cancer. Of the included studies, one reported normometabolism at the group level; individual-level values were not reported. One of the studies reported hypermetabolism pre- and post-treatment, but normometabolism when re-assessed two years post-treatment. No studies explored clinical implications of inaccurately estimating energy needs. Overall, commonly used equations may not accurately predict energy expenditure in gynecological cancers, which can profoundly impact nutritional assessment and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Pagano
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (A.P.P.); (K.L.F.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Katherine L. Ford
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (A.P.P.); (K.L.F.)
| | - Kathryn N. Porter Starr
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA;
- Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Nicole Kiss
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia;
| | - Helen Steed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Janice Y. Kung
- John W. Scott Health Sciences Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada;
| | - Rajavel Elango
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada;
| | - Carla M. Prado
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (A.P.P.); (K.L.F.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-7934
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Blackwood J, Suzuki R, Webster N, Karczewski H, Ziccardi T, Shah S. Use of activPAL to Measure Physical Activity in Community Dwelling Older Adults, A Systematic Review. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 2022; 4:100190. [PMID: 35756981 PMCID: PMC9214326 DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2022.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To perform a systematic review of the literature to describe how the activPAL accelerometer has been used to measure physical activity (PA) in community-dwelling older adults to standardize collection of PA data in this population using this thigh-worn accelerometer. Data Sources A comprehensive search of the following databases was completed: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Complete, Embase, OVID Medicine, PubMed/Web of Science, and Scopus. Study Selection Studies were included if published before August 1, 2020, were written in English, and used activPAL to measure PA in community-dwelling, noninstitutionalized adults 65 years or older. Titles and abstracts were independently reviewed, and the decision to include or exclude was made by 100% consensus. Data Extraction Three research team members independently extracted the data from included studies. Extracted data were compared and discussed with relevant information included. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional Studies. Data Synthesis A total of 7 articles met the inclusion criteria. Three of the 7 studies used activPAL to report steps/d, ranging from 864-15847 steps/d. Time spent stepping or walking was reported by 4 studies using various units. Sit-to-stand transitions were reported by 4 studies, averaging 10-63 transitions/d. Sedentary time was assessed in 6 studies, whereas moderate to vigorous physical activity was not measured using activPAL in any study. Conclusions The activPAL is most often used to collect data on step count and walking, sit-to-stand transitions, and sedentary time in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Blackwood
- Physical Therapy Department, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan
- Corresponding author Jennifer Blackwood PT, PhD, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Michigan-Flint, 2157 William S. White Bldg, 303 East Kearsley St, Flint, MI 48502-1950.
| | - Rie Suzuki
- Public Health and Health Sciences Department, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan
| | - Noah Webster
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hannah Karczewski
- Physical Therapy Department, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan
| | - Tyler Ziccardi
- Physical Therapy Department, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan
| | - Shailee Shah
- Public Health and Health Sciences Department, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan
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Coe D, Barham L, Gardiner J, Crompton R. A biomechanical investigation of the efficiency hypothesis of hafted tool technology. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20210660. [PMID: 35291833 PMCID: PMC8923818 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from hand-held to hafted tool technology marked a significant shift in conceptualizing the construction and function of tools. Among other benefits, hafting is thought to have given users a significant biomechanical and physiological advantage in undertaking basic subsistence tasks compared with hand-held tools. It is assumed that addition of a handle improved the (bio)mechanical properties of a tool and upper limb by offering greater amounts of leverage, force and precision. This controlled laboratory study compares upper limb kinematics, electromyography and physiological performance during two subsistence tasks (chopping, scraping) using hafted and hand-held tools. Results show that hafted tool use elicits greater ranges of motion, greater muscle activity and greater net energy expenditure (EE) compared with hand-held equivalents. Importantly, however, these strategies resulted in reduced relative EE compared with the hand-held condition in both tasks. More specifically, the hafted axe prompted use of two well-known biomechanical strategies that help produce larger velocities at the distal end of the limb without requiring heavy muscular effort, thus improving the tool's functional efficiency and relative energy use. The energetic and biomechanical benefits of hafting arguably contributed to both the invention and spread of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Coe
- School of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7WZ, UK
| | - Larry Barham
- School of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7WZ, UK
| | - James Gardiner
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Robin Crompton
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
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A Smart System for the Contactless Measurement of Energy Expenditure. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22041355. [PMID: 35214262 PMCID: PMC8963031 DOI: 10.3390/s22041355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Energy Expenditure (EE) (kcal/day), a key element to guide obesity treatment, is measured from CO2 production, VCO2 (mL/min), and/or O2 consumption, VO2 (mL/min). Current technologies are limited due to the requirement of wearable facial accessories. A novel system, the Smart Pad, which measures EE via VCO2 from a room’s ambient CO2 concentration transients was evaluated. Resting EE (REE) and exercise VCO2 measurements were recorded using Smart Pad and a reference instrument to study measurement duration’s influence on accuracy. The Smart Pad displayed 90% accuracy (±1 SD) for 14–19 min of REE measurement and for 4.8–7.0 min of exercise, using known room’s air exchange rate. Additionally, the Smart Pad was validated measuring subjects with a wide range of body mass indexes (BMI = 18.8 to 31.4 kg/m2), successfully validating the system accuracy across REE’s measures of ~1200 to ~3000 kcal/day. Furthermore, high correlation between subjects’ VCO2 and λ for CO2 accumulation was observed (p < 0.00001, R = 0.785) in a 14.0 m3 sized room. This finding led to development of a new model for REE measurement from ambient CO2 without λ calibration using a reference instrument. The model correlated in nearly 100% agreement with reference instrument measures (y = 1.06x, R = 0.937) using an independent dataset (N = 56).
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29
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Phenotyping of Drosophila melanogaster—A Nutritional Perspective. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020221. [PMID: 35204721 PMCID: PMC8961528 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The model organism Drosophila melanogaster was increasingly applied in nutrition research in recent years. A range of methods are available for the phenotyping of D. melanogaster, which are outlined in the first part of this review. The methods include determinations of body weight, body composition, food intake, lifespan, locomotor activity, reproductive capacity and stress tolerance. In the second part, the practical application of the phenotyping of flies is demonstrated via a discussion of obese phenotypes in response to high-sugar diet (HSD) and high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. HSD feeding and HFD feeding are dietary interventions that lead to an increase in fat storage and affect carbohydrate-insulin homeostasis, lifespan, locomotor activity, reproductive capacity and stress tolerance. Furthermore, studies regarding the impacts of HSD and HFD on the transcriptome and metabolome of D. melanogaster are important for relating phenotypic changes to underlying molecular mechanisms. Overall, D. melanogaster was demonstrated to be a valuable model organism with which to examine the pathogeneses and underlying molecular mechanisms of common chronic metabolic diseases in a nutritional context.
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Argent R, Hetherington-Rauth M, Stang J, Tarp J, Ortega FB, Molina-Garcia P, Schumann M, Bloch W, Cheng S, Grøntved A, Brønd JC, Ekelund U, Sardinha LB, Caulfield B. Recommendations for Determining the Validity of Consumer Wearables and Smartphones for the Estimation of Energy Expenditure: Expert Statement and Checklist of the INTERLIVE Network. Sports Med 2022; 52:1817-1832. [PMID: 35260991 PMCID: PMC9325806 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumer wearables and smartphone devices commonly offer an estimate of energy expenditure (EE) to assist in the objective monitoring of physical activity to the general population. Alongside consumers, healthcare professionals and researchers are seeking to utilise these devices for the monitoring of training and improving human health. However, the methods of validation and reporting of EE estimation in these devices lacks rigour, negatively impacting on the ability to make comparisons between devices and provide transparent accuracy. OBJECTIVES The Towards Intelligent Health and Well-Being Network of Physical Activity Assessment (INTERLIVE) is a joint European initiative of six universities and one industrial partner. The network was founded in 2019 and strives towards developing best-practice recommendations for evaluating the validity of consumer wearables and smartphones. This expert statement presents a best-practice validation protocol for consumer wearables and smartphones in the estimation of EE. METHODS The recommendations were developed through (1) a systematic literature review; (2) an unstructured review of the wider literature discussing the potential factors that may introduce bias during validation studies; and (3) evidence-informed expert opinions from members of the INTERLIVE network. RESULTS The systematic literature review process identified 1645 potential articles, of which 62 were deemed eligible for the final dataset. Based on these studies and the wider literature search, a validation framework is proposed encompassing six key domains for validation: the target population, criterion measure, index measure, testing conditions, data processing and the statistical analysis. CONCLUSIONS The INTERLIVE network recommends that the proposed protocol, and checklists provided, are used to standardise the testing and reporting of the validation of any consumer wearable or smartphone device to estimate EE. This in turn will maximise the potential utility of these technologies for clinicians, researchers, consumers, and manufacturers/developers, while ensuring transparency, comparability, and replicability in validation. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO ID: CRD42021223508.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Argent
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ,School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Megan Hetherington-Rauth
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Julie Stang
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jakob Tarp
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain ,Department of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Pablo Molina-Garcia
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Moritz Schumann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany ,Exercise Translational Medicine Centre, the Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, and Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sulin Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany ,Exercise Translational Medicine Centre, the Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, and Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China ,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jan Christian Brønd
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Luis B. Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Brian Caulfield
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Magalhães V, Severo M, Torres D, Goios A, Ramos E, Lopes C. Energy intake misreport: how different methods affect its prevalence and nutrient intake estimates. Ann Hum Biol 2021; 48:557-566. [PMID: 34818956 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.2010805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although different methods for the evaluation of energy intake (EI) misreport have been described, it is unclear which one is the most appropriate. AIM To assess the performance of these methods in the prevalence of EI misreports and accuracy of nutrient intake estimates. METHODS Reports of 3,639 adults from the Portuguese National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015-2016 were classified using univariate (Willett; interquartile range) and multivariate (Goldberg; predicted total energy expenditure [pTEE], testing different standard deviations [SD]) methods. Self-reported intakes were compared to their respective estimates by urinary excretion in a sub-sample of 80. The effect of the exclusion of misreporters on nutrient estimates was assessed by the differences in linear regression coefficients between plausible and total sample. RESULTS The highest prevalence of EI misreport was observed using pTEE 1SD (63.9%). Differences in the associations between nutrient self-reported intake and estimated intake using urinary biomarkers were verified with misreporters' exclusion by pTEE 1SD method (β-protein = 0.209; 95% CI = 0.074-0.529; β-potassium = 0.276; 95% CI = 0.060-0.560) and Goldberg 2SD (β-protein = 0.080; 95% CI = 0.025-0.235; β-potassium = 0.106; 95% CI = -0.048-0.246). CONCLUSIONS Multivariate methods lead to a higher prevalence of misreports and larger differences in nutrient estimates. The application of the pTEE 1SD and Goldberg 2SD methods resulted in more accurate nutrient estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Magalhães
- EP IUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, Porto, Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- EP IUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto - Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Duarte Torres
- EP IUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto - Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Goios
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto - Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ramos
- EP IUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto - Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Lopes
- EP IUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto - Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
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Kinoshita N, Uchiyama E, Ishikawa-Takata K, Yamada Y, Okuyama K. Association of energy availability with resting metabolic rates in competitive female teenage runners: a cross-sectional study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:70. [PMID: 34784926 PMCID: PMC8594218 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00466-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resting metabolic rate (RMR) has been examined as a proxy for low energy availability (EA). Previous studies have been limited to adult athletes, despite the serious health consequences of low EA, particularly during adolescence. This study aimed to explore the relationship between RMR and EA in competitive teenage girl runners. Methods Eighteen girl runners (mean ± standard-deviation; age, 16.8 ± 0.9 years; body mass, 45.6 ± 5.2 kg, %fat, 13.5 ± 4.2 %) in the same competitive high-school team were evaluated. Each runner was asked to report dietary records with photos and training logs for seven days. Energy intake (EI) was assessed by Registered Dietitian Nutritionists. The runners were evaluated on a treadmill with an indirect calorimeter to yield individual prediction equations for oxygen consumption using running velocity and heart rate (HR). Exercise energy expenditure (EEE) was calculated by the equations based on training logs and HR. Daily EA was calculated by subtracting EEE from EI. The daily means of these variables were calculated. RMR was measured early in the morning by whole-room calorimetry after overnight sleep on concluding the final day of the seven-day assessment. The ratio of measured RMR to predicted RMR (RMR ratio) was calculated by race, age, sex-specific formulae, and Cunningham’s equation. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bivariate correlation analyses were used to examine the relationship between variables. Results RMR, EI, EEE, and EA were 26.9 ± 2.4, 56.8 ± 15.2, 21.7 ± 5.9, and 35.0 ± 15.0 kcal⋅kg−1 FFM⋅d−1, respectively. RMR reduced linearly with statistical significance, while EA decreased to a threshold level (30 kcal⋅kg−1 FFM⋅d−1) (r= 0.58, p= 0.048). Further reduction in RMR was not observed when EA fell below the threshold. There was no significant correlation between RMR ratios and EA, irrespective of the prediction formulae used. Conclusions These results suggest that RMR does not reduce with a decrease in EA among highly competitive and lean teenage girl runners. RMR remains disproportionally higher than expected in low EA states. Free-living teenage girl runners with low EA should be cautiously identified using RMR as a proxy for EA change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimitsu Kinoshita
- Faculty of Sports and Health Studies, Hosei University, 4342 Aihara, Tokyo, 194-0298, Machida, Japan.
| | - Eriko Uchiyama
- Faculty of Sports and Health Studies, Hosei University, 4342 Aihara, Tokyo, 194-0298, Machida, Japan
| | - Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata
- Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, 1-23-1 Toyama, Tokyo, 162-8636, Shinjuku, Japan.,Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Tokyo, 156-8502, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamada
- Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, 1-23-1 Toyama, Tokyo, 162-8636, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Kenta Okuyama
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
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Andrade-Mayorga O, Díaz E, Salazar LA. Effects of Four Lipid Metabolism-Related Polymorphisms on Body Composition Improvements After 12 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training and Dietary Energy Restriction in Overweight/Obese Adult Women: A Pilot Study. Front Physiol 2021; 12:712787. [PMID: 34539437 PMCID: PMC8440869 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.712787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polymorphisms in lipid metabolism-related genes have been associated with obesity and body composition, but these have been scarcely described concerning the magnitude of the response to exercise interventions in the overweight/obese population. Objective: To evaluate the association of perilipin 1 (PLIN1; rs1052700 and rs2304795), lipoprotein lipase (rs283), and adrenoceptor beta 3 (rs4994) polymorphisms with high and low responders (LoRes) to fat mass reduction after 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and dietary energy restriction in overweight/obese adult women. In addition, we examined the effect of these genetic variants on body composition changes. Methods: Forty-three unrelated overweight/obese adult women were incorporated and genotyped, of which 30 women (age = 27.4 ± 7.9 years; BMI = 29.9 ± 3.3 kg/m2) successfully completed the 12-week supervised HIIT program plus an individually prescribed home hypocaloric diet. Results: An association was observed between the PLIN1 rs1052700 polymorphism with high and LoRes (χ2 = 8.138; 2 df; p = 0.01). Moreover, after the intervention, the carriers of TT genotype of PLIN1 rs1052700 as compared to AA and AT showed a greater reduction in absolute fat mass (Δ: −5.1 ± 1.8 vs. − 1.8 ± 1.4 vs. − 2.1 ± 2.3 kg; p = 0.04). The effect size of this fat mass reduction between TT and AT genotypes was a mean difference of −3.01 kg [95%IC − 4.88– − 1.1], and between TT and AA genotypes was −3.29 kg [95%IC − 4.86– − 1.65]. No differences were observed for other polymorphisms investigated. Conclusion: These results suggest that the rs1052700 (14995A>T) polymorphism of the PLIN1 gene is associated with a differential response to fat mass reduction after a 12-week intervention in overweight/obese adult women. In addition, women with the TT genotype of this genetic variant showed greater changes in fat mass than AA and AT genotypes. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Andrade-Mayorga
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Exercise, Movement and Health Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Erik Díaz
- Exercise, Movement and Health Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Löffler MC, Betz MJ, Blondin DP, Augustin R, Sharma AK, Tseng YH, Scheele C, Zimdahl H, Mark M, Hennige AM, Wolfrum C, Langhans W, Hamilton BS, Neubauer H. Challenges in tackling energy expenditure as obesity therapy: From preclinical models to clinical application. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101237. [PMID: 33878401 PMCID: PMC8122111 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A chronic imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure results in excess fat storage. The obesity often caused by this overweight is detrimental to the health of millions of people. Understanding both sides of the energy balance equation and their counter-regulatory mechanisms is critical to the development of effective therapies to treat this epidemic. SCOPE OF REVIEW Behaviors surrounding ingestion have been reviewed extensively. This review focuses more specifically on energy expenditure regarding bodyweight control, with a particular emphasis on the organs and attractive metabolic processes known to reduce bodyweight. Moreover, previous and current attempts at anti-obesity strategies focusing on energy expenditure are highlighted. Precise measurements of energy expenditure, which consist of cellular, animal, and human models, as well as measurements of their translatability, are required to provide the most effective therapies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS A precise understanding of the components surrounding energy expenditure, including tailored approaches based on genetic, biomarker, or physical characteristics, must be integrated into future anti-obesity treatments. Further comprehensive investigations are required to define suitable treatments, especially because the complex nature of the human perspective remains poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona C Löffler
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Matthias J Betz
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Robert Augustin
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Anand K Sharma
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Camilla Scheele
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heike Zimdahl
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Michael Mark
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Anita M Hennige
- Therapeutic Area CardioMetabolism & Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bradford S Hamilton
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Heike Neubauer
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany.
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Hafner BJ, Halsne EG, Morgan SJ, Morgenroth DC, Humbert AT. Effects of prosthetic feet on metabolic energy expenditure in people with transtibial amputation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PM R 2021; 14:1099-1115. [PMID: 34390623 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of different prosthetic feet on energy costs associated with walking and running in people with transtibial amputation. LITERATURE SURVEY The Pubmed, CINAHL, and Web-of-Science bibliographic databases were searched for original research published through June 30, 2018. References from identified articles were also reviewed. METHODOLOGY Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and articles for pertinent studies. Details were extracted with a standardized template. Risk of bias was assessed using domain-based methods. Prosthetic feet were grouped into categories, and compared according to energy costs associated with walking or running over various terrain conditions. Meta-analyses were conducted when data quantity and homogeneity permitted. Evidence statements were formed when results were consistent or undisputed. SYNTHESIS 15 studies were included. Participants (n = 144) were predominantly male (88.2%), had unilateral amputation (95.8%) from non-dysvascular causes (87.5%), and were classified as unlimited community ambulators or active adults (56.9%). Participants were often young, but varied in age (mean age 24.8-66.6 years). Available evidence indicates that feet with powered dorsiflexion reduce energy costs relative to dynamic response feet in unlimited community ambulators or active adults when walking on level or declined surfaces. Dynamic response feet do not significantly reduce energy costs compared to energy storing, flexible keel, or solid ankle feet when walking on level terrain. Running feet do not reduce energy costs relative to dynamic response in active adults when running. Select feet may reduce energy costs under specific conditions, but additional research is needed to confirm preliminary results. CONCLUSIONS The overall body of evidence is based on small samples, comprised mostly of participants who may not well represent the population of prosthesis users, and test conditions that may not well reflect how prostheses are used in daily life. However, evidence suggests energy costs are affected by prosthetic foot type, but only under select conditions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth G Halsne
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,VA RR&D Center for Limb Loss and Mobility (CLiMB), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - David C Morgenroth
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,VA RR&D Center for Limb Loss and Mobility (CLiMB), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
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Andrade-Mayorga O, Martínez-Maturana N, Salazar LA, Díaz E. Physiological Effects and Inter-Individual Variability to 12 Weeks of High Intensity-Interval Training and Dietary Energy Restriction in Overweight/Obese Adult Women. Front Physiol 2021; 12:713016. [PMID: 34393829 PMCID: PMC8358598 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.713016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human adaptive response to exercise interventions is often described as group average and SD to represent the typical response for most individuals, but studies reporting individual responses to exercise show a wide range of responses. Objective: To characterize the physiological effects and inter-individual variability on fat mass and other health-related and physical performance outcomes after 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and dietary energy restriction in overweight/obese adult women. Methods: Thirty untrained adult overweight and obese women (age = 27.4 ± 7.9 years; BMI = 29.9 ± 3.3 kg/m2) successfully completed a 12-week supervised HIIT program and an individually prescribed home hypocaloric diet (75% of daily energy requirements) throughout the whole intervention. High and low responders to the intervention were those individuals who were able to lose ≥ 10 and < 10% of initial absolute fat mass (i.e., kilograms), respectively. Results: The prevalence for high and low responders was 33% (n = 11) and 66% (n = 19), respectively. At the whole group level, the intervention was effective to reduce the absolute fat mass (30.9 ± 7.2 vs. 28.5 ± 7.2 kg; p < 0.0001), body fat percentage (39.8 ± 4.3 vs. 37.8 ± 4.9%; p < 0.0001), and total body mass (76.7 ± 10.1 vs. 74.4 ± 9.9 kg; p < 0.0001). In addition, there were improvements in systolic blood pressure (SBP; Δ% = −5.1%), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; Δ% = −6.4%), absolute VO2peak (Δ% = +14.0%), relative VO2peak (Δ% = +13.8%), peak power output (PPO; Δ% = +19.8%), anaerobic threshold (AT; Δ% = +16.7%), maximal ventilation (VE; Δ% = +14.1%), and peak oxygen pulse (O2 pulse; Δ% = +10.4%). However, at the individual level, a wide range of effects were appreciated on all variables, and the magnitude of the fat mass changes did not correlate with baseline body mass or fat mass. Conclusion: A 12-week supervised HIIT program added to a slight dietary energy restriction effectively improved fat mass, body mass, blood pressure, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). However, a wide range of inter-individual variability was observed in the adaptative response to the intervention. Furthermore, subjects classified as low responders for fat mass reduction could be high responders (HiRes) in many other health-related and physical performance outcomes. Thus, the beneficial effects of exercise in obese and overweight women go further beyond the adaptive response to a single outcome variable such as fat mass or total body mass reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Andrade-Mayorga
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Exercise, Movement, and Health Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | - Luis A Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Erik Díaz
- Exercise, Movement, and Health Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Diefenbach H, Erlemann N, Lunin A, Grosse EH, Schocke KO, Glock CH. Improving processes and ergonomics at air freight handling agents: a case study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LOGISTICS-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13675567.2021.1958305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Diefenbach
- Institute of Production and Supply Chain Management, Department of Law and Economics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nathalie Erlemann
- Department of Business and Law, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexander Lunin
- Institute of Production and Supply Chain Management, Department of Law and Economics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Eric H. Grosse
- Institute of Production and Supply Chain Management, Department of Law and Economics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Juniorprofessorship of Digital Transformation in Operations Management, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Kai-Oliver Schocke
- Department of Business and Law, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph H. Glock
- Institute of Production and Supply Chain Management, Department of Law and Economics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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McLennan SL, Henry A, Roberts LM, Siritharan SS, Ojurovic M, Yao A, Davis GK, Mangos G, Pettit F, Brown MA, O’Sullivan AJ. Maternal Adiposity and Energy Balance After Normotensive and Preeclamptic Pregnancies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e2941-e2952. [PMID: 33824990 PMCID: PMC8277202 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a major pregnancy complication associated with long-term maternal cardiometabolic disease. Research generally is focused on metabolic and pathophysiological changes during pregnancy; however, there is much less focus on the early postpartum period in subjects who suffered preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to (1) characterize energy intake and expenditure 6 months following normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancies and (2) examine associations between energy balance, body composition, insulin resistance measures (HOMA-IR), and clinical characteristics. DESIGN A cross-sectional study 6 months following normotensive (n = 75) and preeclamptic (n = 22) pregnancies was performed. Metabolic measurements included anthropometrics measures, body composition via bioelectrical impedance analysis, 24-h energy expenditure via SenseWear Armbands, energy intake via a 3-day food diary, and serum metabolic parameters. RESULTS Six months following preeclampsia, women had a significantly higher weight (77.3 ± 20.9 kg vs 64.5 ± 11.4 kg, P = 0.01), fat mass percentage (FM%; 40.7 ± 7.4% vs 34.9 ± 8.1%, P = 0.004), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR 2.2 ± 1.5 vs 1.0 ± 0.7, P = 0.003), as well as reduced HDL levels (1.5 ± 0.4 mmol/L vs 1.8 ± 0.4 mmol/L, P = 0.01) compared to normotensive women. Women post-preeclampsia had lower activity-related energy expenditure (P = 0.02) but a decreased total energy intake (P = 0.02), leading to a more negative energy balance compared to their normotensive counterparts (-1942 kJ/24 h vs -480 kJ/24 h, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION Increases in insulin resistance and FM%, reduced high-density lipoprotein, and more sedentary lifestyles characterize the postpartum period following preeclamptic compared with normotensive pregnancies. Early post-preeclampsia interventions, such as lifestyle behavior change, should be implemented and assessed to determine whether they reduce long-term cardiometabolic risk in women who experienced preeclampsia during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L McLennan
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Correspondence: Sarah McLennan, UNSW Medicine, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
| | - Amanda Henry
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
- Amanda Henry, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Medicine, Level 2, Prichard Wing, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia.
| | - Lynne M Roberts
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sai S Siritharan
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melissa Ojurovic
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amanda Yao
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregory K Davis
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - George Mangos
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Franziska Pettit
- Department of Renal Medicine, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark A Brown
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony J O’Sullivan
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Cordoza M, Chan LN, Bridges E, Thompson H. Methods for Estimating Energy Expenditure in Critically Ill Adults. AACN Adv Crit Care 2021; 31:254-264. [PMID: 32866253 DOI: 10.4037/aacnacc2020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Energy expenditure (EE) is the sum of metabolic activity within the body at a given time and comprises basal EE, diet-induced thermogenesis, and physical activity. In the intensive care unit, EE is most often assessed to determine a patient's caloric requirements. Energy expenditure also may be useful to understand disease states and the metabolic impact of interventions. Several methods for estimating EE are relevant for clinical use, including indirect calorimetry, predictive equations, exhaled carbon dioxide volume, and the Fick method. Indirect calorimetry is the preferred method for evaluating EE and is considered the gold standard for estimating EE in hospitalized patients. However, use of indirect calorimetry is not always practical or possible. Therefore, other methods of estimating EE must be considered. In this review, methods of evaluating EE in critically ill adults are examined and the benefits and limitations of each method are discussed, with practical considerations for use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makayla Cordoza
- Makayla Cordoza is Postdoctoral Fellow, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1013 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Lingtak-Neander Chan
- Lingtak-Neander Chan is Professor, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Elizabeth Bridges
- Elizabeth Bridges is Professor, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Hilaire Thompson
- Hilaire Thompson is Professor, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Marcussen C, Jørgensen EM, Lemire-Dilling N, Tauson AH. Estimation of energy expenditure using the oral 13 C-bicarbonate technique in privately owned adult and senior dogs of three different body sizes. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:335-344. [PMID: 34056782 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge about energy requirements (ER) of dogs is important in order to provide dogs with an appropriate energy supply. In this study, the oral 13 C-bicarbonate technique (o13 CBT) was used to estimate energy expenditure (EE) in 50 privately owned dogs of different body sizes (small: Danish-Swedish Farmdog (DSF, n = 16), medium: Beagle (n = 15), large: Labrador Retriever (n = 19)), of different ages (adult: 2-7 years (n = 33), senior: ≥8 years (n = 17)). The aim was to evaluate the feasibility of the method in the field and to get more information about ER of dogs. All dogs were measured twice, on two separate days under standardized, resting conditions. The dogs were fasted overnight prior to measurements, which were carried out in home environment. Only measurements of dogs resting calmly were included in the statistical analyses. No significant difference (p > 0.05) in EE was found between days of measurements. The EE measured in Labrador Retrievers (405 kJ (97 kcal)/kg BW0.75 /day) was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than of Beagles (530 kJ (127 kcal)/kg BW0.75 /day) and DSF (497 kJ (119 kcal)/kg BW0.75 /day), the difference between Beagles and DSF being non-significant. Senior dogs had significantly lower (p < 0.001) EE values than adult dogs with least square means (LSM) of 441 kJ (105 kcal)/kg BW0.75 /day and 513 kJ (123 kcal)/kg BW0.75 /day respectively. Analysed within breeds, EE of senior Labrador Retrievers (370 kJ (88 kcal)/kg BW0.75 /day)) was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than adults (439 kJ (105 kcal)/kg BW0.75 /day), as well as in DSF (453 kJ (108 kcal)/kg BW0.75 /day and 541 kJ (129 kcal)/kg BW0.75 /day for senior and adult dogs respectively). However, the EE was not significantly different (p > 0.05) between adult (548 kJ (131 kcal)/kg BW0.75 /day) and senior (499 kJ (119 kcal)/kg BW0.75 /day) Beagles. This study suggests that when measured under standardized resting conditions, the o13 CBT can provide reliable results of EE and be a helpful tool to get more knowledge about ER of dogs of different sizes, breeds and ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Marcussen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ea Meng Jørgensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Nickie Lemire-Dilling
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Anne-Helene Tauson
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Sadoughi B, Girard-Buttoz C, Engelhardt A, Heistermann M, Ostner J. Non-invasive assessment of metabolic responses to food restriction using urinary triiodothyronine and cortisol measurement in macaques. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 306:113736. [PMID: 33610572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of energy allocation and metabolic rate plays an important role in determining behavior and fitness in wild animals, calling for the validation of non-invasive markers of energetic condition. Recently, the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) has emerged as a promising marker as concentrations decrease to lower the metabolic rate during energetically challenging periods. However, it remains largely unclear whether T3 merely represents an alternative or provides additional information compared to other compounds involved in the regulation of energy acquisition and allocation, like cortisol and C-peptide, as few joint measurements have been conducted to date in non-invasively collected samples. We aimed to validate the non-invasive measurement of immunoreactive urinary total T3 (uTT3), in comparison to urinary cortisol (uCort) and urinary C-peptide (uCP), as a marker of metabolic response to variation in food intake in macaques, and to address a number of issues regarding the collection, storage and processing of samples which are important for application of uTT3 measurements under field conditions. We used daily samples and body mass measures from a prior food restriction-refeeding experiment over 4 weeks with six captive macaques and analyzed concentrations of uTT3 and uCort in samples collected prior to (fasting) and after morning feeding (non-fasting). Concentrations of uTT3 decreased in response to restriction in food supply and were also lower during weeks of food restriction compared to weeks of refeeding. Variation in uTT3 also correlated positively with variation in body mass and concentrations of uCP. As expected, uCort showed the reverse pattern, increasing during food restriction and decreasing following refeeding, but was not associated with variation in body mass. Generally, compared to fasting samples, concentrations were higher in post-morning feeding, i.e. non-fasting, samples for uTT3 but not uCort. Contamination of urine samples with fecal matter, but not soil, and exposure to UV light led to a decrease in uTT3. uTT3 was largely unaffected by repeated freeze-thaw cycles and by refrigeration for medium-term storage (2 days) but degraded substantially when stored at ambient temperature for the same period. In conclusion, uTT3 measurements inform on the effect of food intake and its associated metabolic response to variation in energetic status. Since uTT3 is reasonably robust to many issues associated with collection and storage of urine samples under field conditions, it is a promising biomarker for studies of energetic condition and basal metabolic rate in wild macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Sadoughi
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany; Research Group Primate Social Evolution, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Cédric Girard-Buttoz
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Engelhardt
- Faculty of Science, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Michael Heistermann
- Endocrinology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Ostner
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany; Research Group Primate Social Evolution, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
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42
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Savarino G, Corsello A, Corsello G. Macronutrient balance and micronutrient amounts through growth and development. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:109. [PMID: 33964956 PMCID: PMC8106138 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is essential for human growth, particularly in newborns and children. An optimal growth needs a correct diet, in order to ensure an adequate intake of macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients are the compounds that humans consume in largest quantities, mainly classified in carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Micronutrients are instead introduced in small quantities, but they are required for an adequate growth in the pediatric age, especially zinc, iron, vitamin D and folic acid. In this manuscript we describe the most important macro and micronutrients for children's growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Savarino
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University Hospital "P.Giaccone", Palermo, Italy.
| | - Antonio Corsello
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University Hospital "P.Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
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Evaluation of Measured Resting Metabolic Rate for Dietary Prescription in Ageing Adults with Overweight and Adiposity-Based Chronic Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041229. [PMID: 33917778 PMCID: PMC8068182 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to compare weight changes in two groups of ageing Irish adults with overweight and adiposity-based chronic disease: participants who had dietary energy requirements prescribed on the base of measured RMR and participants whose RMR was estimated by a prediction equation. Fifty-four Caucasian adults (male n = 25; female n = 29, age 57.5 ± 6.3 years, weight 90.3 ± 15.1 kg, height 171.5 ± 9.5 cm, BMI 30.7 ± 4.6 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to a dietary intervention with energy prescription based on either measured RMR or estimated RMR. RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry after an overnight fast and predicted values were determined by the Mifflin et al. (1990) prediction equation. All participants received individual nutritional counselling, motivational interviewing and educational material. Anthropometric variables, blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid profile were assessed over 12 weeks. Body weight at week 12 was significantly lower (p < 0.05) for both groups following dietary interventions, mRMR: −4.2%; eRMR: −3.2% of initial body weight. There was no significant difference in weight loss between groups. Overall, 20.8% mRMR and 17.4% of eRMR participants experienced clinically meaningful (i.e., ≥5% of initial weight) weight reduction. Weight reduction in adults aged ≥50 years over the short term (12 weeks) favoured a reduction in blood pressure, triglycerides and glucose, thus reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors. This research indicates that employing a reduced-calorie diet using indirect calorimetry to determine energy needs when improving weight outcomes in adults (>50 years) with overweight and adiposity-based chronic disease is equal to employing a reduced-calorie diet based on the Mifflin et al. (1990) prediction equation. A reduced-energy diet based on mRMR or eRMR facilitates clinically meaningful weight reduction in adults (≥50 years) over the short term (12 weeks) and favours a reduction in blood pressure, triglycerides and glucose, thus reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors. Moreover, the addition of motivational interviewing and behaviour change techniques that support and encourage small behaviour changes is effective in short-term weight management.
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Kortelainen L, Helske J, Finni T, Mehtätalo L, Tikkanen O, Kärkkäinen S. A nonlinear mixed model approach to predict energy expenditure from heart rate. Physiol Meas 2021; 42. [PMID: 33636716 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/abea25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Heart rate (HR) monitoring provides a convenient and inexpensive way to predict energy expenditure (EE) during physical activity. However, there is a lot of variation among individuals in the EE-HR relationship, which should be taken into account in predictions. The objective is to develop a model that allows the prediction of EE based on HR as accurately as possible and allows an improvement of the prediction using calibration measurements from the target individual.Approach.We propose a nonlinear (logistic) mixed model for EE and HR measurements and an approach to calibrate the model for a new person who does not belong to the dataset used to estimate the model. The calibration utilizes the estimated model parameters and calibration measurements of HR and EE from the person in question. We compare the results of the logistic mixed model with a simpler linear mixed model for which the calibration is easier to perform.Main results.We show that the calibration is beneficial already with only one pair of measurements on HR and EE. This is an important benefit over an individual-level model fitting, which requires a larger number of measurements. Moreover, we present an algorithm for calculating the confidence and prediction intervals of the calibrated predictions. The analysis was based on up to 11 pairs of EE and HR measurements from each of 54 individuals of a heterogeneous group of people, who performed a maximal treadmill test.Significance.The proposed method allows accurate energy expenditure predictions based on only a few calibration measurements from a new individual without access to the original dataset, thus making the approach viable for example on wearable computers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Kortelainen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Jouni Helske
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Taija Finni
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Lauri Mehtätalo
- School of Computing, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Olli Tikkanen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Salme Kärkkäinen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
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An objective measure of energy intake using the principle of energy balance. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:725-732. [PMID: 33479453 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of energy intake is central to the understanding of energy balance and predicting changes in body weight. Until recently, the most commonly used methods of assessing intake were self-reported diet recalls, diet diaries, or food-frequency questionnaires. These methods, however, are subject to systematic biases and are often inaccurate. AIM Review the validations and applications of an expenditure/balance method for measuring energy intake. METHODS Review the literature regarding the theory and practice of objectively measuring energy intake based on the principle of energy balance i.e., energy intake is calculated from the measured total energy expenditure plus the change in body energy stores (ES). The attainable precision is modeled and compared with the accuracy and precision of validations against known energy intake. RESULTS Measurement of energy intake, calculated in this way, is accurate to within 2% and has a precision of 4-37% depending on the expenditure and body composition methods used and the time interval between measures. Applications of this expenditure/balance (EB) method have provided novel data on the compliance to dietary restriction and its association with physical activity interventions, and the effects of bariatric surgery on energy intake and weight gain. Practical limitations to this method, however, include cost and limited access to the analyses required by the DLW method. CONCLUSION The EB method of objectively measuring energy intake is objective, accurate, and reasonably precise. It is practical for moderate-sized studies.
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Jung WS, Park HY, Kim SW, Kim J, Hwang H, Lim K. Estimating excess post-exercise oxygen consumption using multiple linear regression in healthy Korean adults: a pilot study. Phys Act Nutr 2021; 25:35-41. [PMID: 33887827 PMCID: PMC8076581 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2021.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This pilot study aimed to develop a regression model to estimate the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) of Korean adults using various easy-to-measure dependent variables. Methods The EPOC and dependent variables for its estimation (e.g., sex, age, height, weight, body mass index, fat-free mass [FFM], fat mass, % body fat, and heart rate_sum [HR_sum]) were measured in 75 healthy adults ( 31 males, 44 females). Statistical analysis was performed to develop an EPOC estimation regression model using the stepwise regression method. Results We confirmed that FFM and HR_sum were important variables in the EPOC regression models of various exercise types. The explanatory power and standard errors of estimates (SEE) for EPOC of each exercise type were as follows: the continuous exercise (CEx) regression model was 86.3% (R2) and 85.9% (adjusted R2), and the mean SEE was 11.73 kcal, interval exercise (IEx) regression model was 83.1% (R2) and 82.6% (adjusted R2), while the mean SEE was 13.68 kcal, and the accumulation of short-duration exercise (AEx) regression models was 91.3% (R2) and 91.0% (adjusted R2), while the mean SEE was 27.71 kcal. There was no significant difference between the measured EPOC using a metabolic gas analyzer and the predicted EPOC for each exercise type. Conclusion This pilot study developed a regression model to estimate EPOC in healthy Korean adults. The regression model was as follows: CEx = -37.128 + 1.003 × (FFM) + 0.016 × (HR_sum), IEx = -49.265 + 1.442 × (FFM) + 0.013 × (HR_sum), and AEx = -100.942 + 2.209 × (FFM) + 0.020 × (HR_sum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Sang Jung
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Hwang
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jung WS, Park HY, Kim SW, Kim J, Hwang H, Lim K. Prediction of non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) using multiple linear regression in healthy Korean adults: a preliminary study. Phys Act Nutr 2021; 25:23-29. [PMID: 33887825 PMCID: PMC8076582 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2021.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This preliminary study aimed to develop a regression model to estimate the non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) of Korean adults using various easy-to-measure dependent variables. Methods NEAT was measured in 71 healthy adults (male n = 29; female n = 42). Statistical analysis was performed to develop a NEAT estimation regression model using the stepwise regression method. Results We confirmed that ageA, weightB, heart rate (HR)_averageC, weight × HR_averageD, weight × HR_sumE, systolic blood pressure (SBP) × HR_restF, fat mass ÷ height2G, gender × HR_averageH, and gender × weight × HR_sumI were important variables in various NEAT activity regression models. There was no significant difference between the measured NEAT values obtained using a metabolic gas analyzer and the predicted NEAT. Conclusion This preliminary study developed a regression model to estimate the NEAT in healthy Korean adults. The regression model was as follows: sitting = 1.431 - 0.013 × (A) + 0.00014 × (D) - 0.00005 × (F) + 0.006 × (H); leg jiggling = 1.102 - 0.011 × (A) + 0.013 × (B) + 0.005 × (H); standing = 1.713 - 0.013 × (A) + 0.0000017 × (I); 4.5 km/h walking = 0.864 + 0.035 × (B) + 0.0000041 × (E); 6.0 km/h walking = 4.029 - 0.024 × (C) + 0.00071 × (D); climbing up 1 stair = 1.308 - 0.016 × (A) + 0.00035 × (D) - 0.000085 × (F) - 0.098 × (G); and climbing up 2 stairs = 1.442 - 0.023 × (A) - 0.000093 × (F) - 0.121 × (G) + 0.0000624 × (E).
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Sang Jung
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Hwang
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Martínez-Gómez MG, Roberts BM. Metabolic Adaptations to Weight Loss: A Brief Review. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 36:2970-2981. [PMID: 33677461 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Martínez-Gómez, MG and Roberts, BM. Metabolic adaptations to weight loss: A brief review. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2021-As the scientific literature has continuously shown, body mass loss attempts do not always follow a linear fashion nor always go as expected even when the intervention is calculated with precise tools. One of the main reasons why this tends to happen relies on our body's biological drive to regain the body mass we lose to survive. This phenomenon has been referred to as "metabolic adaptation" many times in the literature and plays a very relevant role in the management of obesity and human weight loss. This review will provide insights into some of the theoretical models for the etiology of metabolic adaptation as well as a quick look into the physiological and endocrine mechanisms that underlie it. Nutritional strategies and dietetic tools are thus necessary to confront these so-called adaptations to body mass loss. Among some of these strategies, we can highlight increasing protein needs, opting for high-fiber foods or programming-controlled diet refeeds, and diet breaks over a large body mass loss phase. Outside the nutritional aspects, it might be wise to increase the physical activity and thus the energy flux of an individual when possible to maintain diet-induced body mass loss in the long term. This review will examine these protocols and their viability in the context of adherence and sustainability for the individual toward successful body mass loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario G Martínez-Gómez
- CarloSportNutrition, Spain; and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Ocagli H, Lanera C, Azzolina D, Piras G, Soltanmohammadi R, Gallipoli S, Gafare CE, Cavion M, Roccon D, Vedovelli L, Lorenzoni G, Gregori D. Resting Energy Expenditure in the Elderly: Systematic Review and Comparison of Equations in an Experimental Population. Nutrients 2021; 13:458. [PMID: 33573101 PMCID: PMC7912404 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly patients are at risk of malnutrition and need an appropriate assessment of energy requirements. Predictive equations are widely used to estimate resting energy expenditure (REE). In the study, we conducted a systematic review of REE predictive equations in the elderly population and compared them in an experimental population. Studies involving subjects older than 65 years of age that evaluated the performance of a predictive equation vs. a gold standard were included. The retrieved equations were then tested on a sample of 88 elderly subjects enrolled in an Italian nursing home to evaluate the agreement among the estimated REEs. The agreement was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). A web application, equationer, was developed to calculate all the estimated REEs according to the available variables. The review identified 68 studies (210 different equations). The agreement among the equations in our sample was higher for equations with fewer parameters, especially those that included body weight, ICC = 0.75 (95% CI = 0.69-0.81). There is great heterogeneity among REE estimates. Such differences should be considered and evaluated when estimates are applied to particularly fragile populations since the results have the potential to impact the patient's overall clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honoria Ocagli
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Loredan 18, 35121 Padova, Italy; (H.O.); (C.L.); (D.A.); (G.P.); (R.S.); (M.C.); (L.V.); (G.L.)
| | - Corrado Lanera
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Loredan 18, 35121 Padova, Italy; (H.O.); (C.L.); (D.A.); (G.P.); (R.S.); (M.C.); (L.V.); (G.L.)
| | - Danila Azzolina
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Loredan 18, 35121 Padova, Italy; (H.O.); (C.L.); (D.A.); (G.P.); (R.S.); (M.C.); (L.V.); (G.L.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Piras
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Loredan 18, 35121 Padova, Italy; (H.O.); (C.L.); (D.A.); (G.P.); (R.S.); (M.C.); (L.V.); (G.L.)
| | - Rozita Soltanmohammadi
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Loredan 18, 35121 Padova, Italy; (H.O.); (C.L.); (D.A.); (G.P.); (R.S.); (M.C.); (L.V.); (G.L.)
| | - Silvia Gallipoli
- ZETA Research Incorporation, Via A. Caccia 8, 34122 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Claudia Elena Gafare
- Department of Nutrition, University of Buenos Aires and Food and Diet Therapy Service, Acute General Hospital Juan A. Fernandez, Av. Cerviño 3356, Buenos Aires C1425, Argentina;
| | - Monica Cavion
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Loredan 18, 35121 Padova, Italy; (H.O.); (C.L.); (D.A.); (G.P.); (R.S.); (M.C.); (L.V.); (G.L.)
| | - Daniele Roccon
- Nursing Home “A. Galvan”, Via Ungheria 340, Pontelongo, 35029 Padova, Italy;
| | - Luca Vedovelli
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Loredan 18, 35121 Padova, Italy; (H.O.); (C.L.); (D.A.); (G.P.); (R.S.); (M.C.); (L.V.); (G.L.)
| | - Giulia Lorenzoni
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Loredan 18, 35121 Padova, Italy; (H.O.); (C.L.); (D.A.); (G.P.); (R.S.); (M.C.); (L.V.); (G.L.)
| | - Dario Gregori
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Loredan 18, 35121 Padova, Italy; (H.O.); (C.L.); (D.A.); (G.P.); (R.S.); (M.C.); (L.V.); (G.L.)
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Deng Y, Sprowls M, Mora SJ, Kulick D, Tao N, Destaillats H, Forzani E. An Unobstructive Sensing Method for Indoor Air Quality Optimization and Metabolic Assessment within Vehicles. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E7202. [PMID: 33339222 PMCID: PMC7766572 DOI: 10.3390/s20247202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work investigates the use of an intelligent and unobstructive sensing technique for maintaining vehicle cabin's indoor air quality while simultaneously assessing the driver metabolic rate. CO2 accumulation patterns are of great interest because CO2 can have negative cognitive effects at higher concentrations and also since CO2 accumulation rate can potentially be used to determine a person's metabolic rate. The management of the vehicle's ventilation system was controlled by periodically alternating the air recirculation mode within the cabin, which was actuated based on the CO2 levels inside the vehicle's cabin. The CO2 accumulation periods were used to assess the driver's metabolic rate, using a model that considered the vehicle's air exchange rate. In the process of the method optimization, it was found that the vehicle's air exchange rate (λ [h-1]) depends on the vehicle speeds, following the relationship: λ = 0.060 × (speed) - 0.88 when driving faster than 17 MPH. An accuracy level of 95% was found between the new method to assess the driver's metabolic rate (1620 ± 140 kcal/day) and the reference method of indirect calorimetry (1550 ± 150 kcal/day) for a total of N = 16 metabolic assessments at various vehicle speeds. The new sensing method represents a novel approach for unobstructive assessment of driver metabolic rate while maintaining indoor air quality within the vehicle cabin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Deng
- School of Engineering for Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (Y.D.); (M.S.); (S.J.M.)
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Mark Sprowls
- School of Engineering for Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (Y.D.); (M.S.); (S.J.M.)
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - S. Jimena Mora
- School of Engineering for Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (Y.D.); (M.S.); (S.J.M.)
| | | | - Nongjian Tao
- School of Electrical, Energy and Computer Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
| | - Hugo Destaillats
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Indoor Environment Group, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Erica Forzani
- School of Engineering for Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (Y.D.); (M.S.); (S.J.M.)
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
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