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Esteves JV, Stanford KI. Exercise as a tool to mitigate metabolic disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C587-C598. [PMID: 38981607 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00144.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, notably obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), have reached alarming proportions and constitute a significant global health challenge, emphasizing the urgent need for effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. In contrast, exercise training emerges as a potent intervention, exerting numerous positive effects on metabolic health through adaptations to the metabolic tissues. Here, we reviewed the major features of our current understanding with respect to the intricate interplay between metabolic diseases and key metabolic tissues, including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver, describing some of the main underlying mechanisms driving pathogenesis, as well as the role of exercise to combat and treat obesity and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Victor Esteves
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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2
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Ott RK, Williams IH, Armstrong AR. Improved whole-mount immunofluorescence protocol for consistent and robust labeling of adult Drosophila melanogaster adipose tissue. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060491. [PMID: 39041865 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Energy storage and endocrine functions of the Drosophila fat body make it an excellent model for elucidating mechanisms that underlie physiological and pathophysiological organismal metabolism. Combined with Drosophila's robust genetic and immunofluorescence microscopy toolkits, studies of Drosophila fat body function are ripe for cell biological analysis. Unlike the larval fat body, which is easily removed as a single, cohesive sheet of tissue, isolating intact adult fat body proves to be more challenging, thus hindering consistent immunofluorescence labeling even within a single piece of adipose tissue. Here, we describe an improved approach to handling Drosophila abdomens that ensures full access of the adult fat body to solutions generally used in immunofluorescence labeling protocols. In addition, we assess the quality of fluorescence reporter expression and antibody immunoreactivity in response to variations in fixative type, fixation incubation time, and detergent used for cellular permeabilization. Overall, we provide several recommendations for steps in a whole-mount staining protocol that results in consistent and robust immunofluorescence labeling of the adult Drosophila fat body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael K Ott
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29072, USA
| | - Isaiah H Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29072, USA
| | - Alissa R Armstrong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29072, USA
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3
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Li L, Zhou Z, Fang J, Liu D, Deng C, Chen Y, Ahasan Z, Zhu W, Cai K. The characterization of metabolic changes in adipose tissues and muscles due to different exercise intensities by Dixon in healthy young men. Eur J Radiol 2024; 177:111559. [PMID: 38865759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To delineate the alterations in adipose and muscle tissue composition and functionality among healthy young men across varying exercise intensities, which help to elucidate the impact of exercise intensity on weight management and inform fitness planning. METHOD 3D Dixon MRI scans were performed on the neck and supraclavicular area in 10 high-intensity exercises (HIE) athletes, 20 moderate intensity exercises (MIE) athletes and 19 low-intensity exercises non-athlete male controls (NCM). Twelve imaging parameters, including the total volume of muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and the mean fat-water fraction (FWF) within these tissues. Additionally, ratios of BAT or WAT to total fat (BATr or WATr) and the proportions of muscle, BAT, or WAT to total tissue volume (Musp, BATp, and WATp) were calculated. Parameters were compared across groups and correlated with Body Mass Index (BMI), waistline, and hipline. RESULTS The HIE group exhibited the highest total muscle (totalMUS) and brown adipose tissue (totalBAT) volumes among the three groups. Conversely, the NCM group had significantly higher fwfFAT and fwfBAT values. The MUSp was higher in the HIE and MIE groups compared to NCM, while the BATp and WATp were lower. Furthermore, the BATr in HIE and MIE groups were higher than NCM group while the WATr were lower. Significant linear relationships were observed between totalBAT, totalWAT, MUSp, BATr, fwfFAT, and BMI, waistline (P < 0.05) across all groups. CONCLUSIONS MIE is sufficient for the purpose of weight control, While HIE helps to further increase the muscle mass. All three physical indexes were significantly associated with the image parameters, with waistline emerging as the most effective indicator for detecting metabolic changes across all groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Radiology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Orthopedics Department, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jicheng Fang
- Radiology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Radiology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenghu Deng
- Department of Physical Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Endocrinology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Zoheb Ahasan
- Radiology Department, Bioengineering Department, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Bioengineering Department, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- Radiology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Kejia Cai
- Radiology Department, Bioengineering Department, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Bioengineering Department, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Schleicher WE, Hoag B, De Dominici M, DeGregori J, Pietras EM. CHIP: a clonal odyssey of the bone marrow niche. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e180068. [PMID: 39087468 PMCID: PMC11290965 DOI: 10.1172/jci180068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is characterized by the selective expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) carrying somatic mutations. While CHIP is typically asymptomatic, it has garnered substantial attention due to its association with the pathogenesis of multiple disease conditions, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hematological malignancies. In this Review, we will discuss seminal and recent studies that have advanced our understanding of mechanisms that drive selection for mutant HSPCs in the BM niche. Next, we will address recent studies evaluating potential relationships between the clonal dynamics of CHIP and hematopoietic development across the lifespan. Next, we will examine the roles of systemic factors that can influence hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fitness, including inflammation, and exposures to cytotoxic agents in driving selection for CHIP clones. Furthermore, we will consider how - through their impact on the BM niche - lifestyle factors, including diet, exercise, and psychosocial stressors, might contribute to the process of somatic evolution in the BM that culminates in CHIP. Finally, we will review the role of old age as a major driver of selection in CHIP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bridget Hoag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Marco De Dominici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - James DeGregori
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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5
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Zafaranieh S, Siwetz M, Leopold-Posch B, Kummer D, Huppertz B, Desoye G, van Poppel M. Placental structural adaptation to maternal physical activity and sedentary behavior: findings of the DALI lifestyle study. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:deae090. [PMID: 38733100 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are maternal levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (ST) in obese pregnant women associated with placental structural adaptations for facilitating oxygen delivery to the fetus? SUMMARY ANSWER Higher maternal MVPA and ST are associated with a higher density of villi, a proxy measure of placental surface area for oxygen delivery to the fetus, without further added placental vessels. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Physical activity during pregnancy intermittently reduces uterine blood flow, potentially limiting placental and fetal oxygen supply. The placenta can mount several adaptive responses, including enlargement of the surface area of villi and/or feto-placental vessels to accommodate fetal needs. Early research on the morphology and growth of the placenta with exercise interventions has shown inconsistencies and is lacking, particularly in non-lean pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This study is a secondary longitudinal analysis of the vitamin D and lifestyle intervention for gestational diabetes prevention (DALI) randomized controlled trial. The prospective study was conducted between 2012 and 2015 in nine European countries at 11 different sites. In this analysis, 92 pregnant women with a BMI ≥ 29 kg/m2 were combined into one cohort. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS MVPA and percentage of time spent sedentary (% ST) were measured with accelerometers during gestation. Placental sections were immunostained for endothelial cell-specific CD34. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based stereology assessed villous density, number, and cross-sectional area of vessels on whole-slide images and in selected regions comprising peripheral villi only, where the majority of vascular adaptations occur. Expression of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors was quantified using molecular counting analysis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In multivariable regression, higher levels of maternal MVPA (min/day) were associated with a higher density of villi in both whole-slide images (beta 0.12; 95% CI 0.05, 0.2) and selected regions (0.17; CI 0.07, 0.26). Unexpectedly, ST was also positively associated with density of villi (0.23; CI 0.04, 0.43). MVPA and ST were not associated with vessel count/mm2 villous area, vessel area, or pro- and anti-angiogenic factor mRNA expression. All estimates and statistical significance of the sensitivity analyses excluding smokers, women who developed gestational diabetes or pre-eclampsia and/or pregnancy-induced hypertension were similar in the main analysis. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The placenta is a complex organ undergoing dynamic changes. While various adjustments were made to account for different maternal contributing factors, in addition to the outcome measures, various other factors could impact oxygen delivery to the fetus. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS For the first time, we evaluated the association between placental structures quantified using an AI-based approach with objectively measured physical activity and ST at multiple time points in pregnant women with obesity. The observed adaptations contribute to the advancement of our understanding of the hemodynamics and adaptations of the placental unit in response to MVPA and ST. However, our results might not be generalizable to lean pregnant women. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The DALI project has received funding from the European Community's 7th Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 242187. The funders had no role in study design, collection of data, analyses, writing of the article, or the decision to submit it for publication. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN70595832.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghi Zafaranieh
- Department of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Siwetz
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Daniel Kummer
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mireille van Poppel
- Department of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Noone J, Mucinski JM, DeLany JP, Sparks LM, Goodpaster BH. Understanding the variation in exercise responses to guide personalized physical activity prescriptions. Cell Metab 2024; 36:702-724. [PMID: 38262420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that contribute to exercise response variation is the first step in achieving the goal of developing personalized exercise prescriptions. This review discusses the key molecular and other mechanistic factors, both extrinsic and intrinsic, that influence exercise responses and health outcomes. Extrinsic characteristics include the timing and dose of exercise, circadian rhythms, sleep habits, dietary interactions, and medication use, whereas intrinsic factors such as sex, age, hormonal status, race/ethnicity, and genetics are also integral. The molecular transducers of exercise (i.e., genomic/epigenomic, proteomic/post-translational, transcriptomic, metabolic/metabolomic, and lipidomic elements) are considered with respect to variability in physiological and health outcomes. Finally, this review highlights the current challenges that impede our ability to develop effective personalized exercise prescriptions. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) aims to fill significant gaps in the understanding of exercise response variability, yet further investigations are needed to address additional health outcomes across all populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Noone
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | | | - James P DeLany
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA.
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Dong H, Qin M, Wang P, Li S, Wang X. Regulatory effects and mechanisms of exercise on activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Adipocyte 2023; 12:2266147. [PMID: 37795948 PMCID: PMC10563630 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2023.2266147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is a universally acknowledged and healthy way to reducing body weight. However, the roles and mechanisms of exercise on metabolism of adipose tissue remain largely unclear. Adipose tissues include white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige adipose tissue (BeAT). The main function of WAT is to store energy, while the BAT and BeAT can generate heat and consume energy. Therefore, promotion of BAT activation and WAT browning contributes to body weight loss. To date, many studies have suggested that exercise exerts the potential regulatory effects on BAT activation and WAT browning. In the present review, we compile the evidence for the regulatory effects of exercise on BAT activation and WAT browning and summarize the possible mechanisms whereby exercise modulates BAT activation and WAT browning, including activating sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and promoting the secretion of exerkines, with special focus on exerkines. These data might provide reference for prevention or treatment of obesity and the related metabolic disease through exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Dong
- Department of Physical Education, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Qin
- School of Sports and Health, Shanghai Lixin Accounting and Finance University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shufan Li
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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8
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Ortiz GU, de Freitas EC. Physical activity and batokines. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E610-E620. [PMID: 37819193 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00160.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Brown and beige adipose tissue share similar functionality, being both tissues specialized in producing heat through nonshivering thermogenesis and also playing endocrine roles through the release of their secretion factors called batokines. This review elucidates the influence of physical exercise, and myokines released in response, on the regulation of thermogenic and secretory functions of these adipose tissues and discusses the similarity of batokines actions with physical exercise in the remodeling of adipose tissue. This adipose tissue remodeling promoted by autocrine and paracrine batokines or physical exercise seems to optimize its functionality associated with better health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ueta Ortiz
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-FMRP USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cristini de Freitas
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-FMRP USP, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Cho YK, Lee S, Lee J, Doh J, Park JH, Jung YS, Lee YH. Lipid remodeling of adipose tissue in metabolic health and disease. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1955-1973. [PMID: 37653032 PMCID: PMC10545718 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a dynamic and metabolically active organ that plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis and endocrine function. Recent advancements in lipidomics techniques have enabled the study of the complex lipid composition of adipose tissue and its role in metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. In addition, adipose tissue lipidomics has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders and identifying bioactive lipid mediators and potential therapeutic targets. This review aims to summarize recent lipidomics studies that investigated the dynamic remodeling of adipose tissue lipids in response to specific physiological changes, pharmacological interventions, and pathological conditions. We discuss the molecular mechanisms of lipid remodeling in adipose tissue and explore the recent identification of bioactive lipid mediators generated in adipose tissue that regulate adipocytes and systemic metabolism. We propose that manipulating lipid-mediator metabolism could serve as a therapeutic approach for preventing or treating obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Keun Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsang Doh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Institute of Engineering Research, Bio-MAX Institute, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hong Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Moore TM, Lee S, Olsen T, Morselli M, Strumwasser AR, Lin AJ, Zhou Z, Abrishami A, Garcia SM, Bribiesca J, Cory K, Whitney K, Ho T, Ho T, Lee JL, Rucker DH, Nguyen CQA, Anand ATS, Yackly A, Mendoza LQ, Leyva BK, Aliman C, Artiga DJ, Meng Y, Charugundla S, Pan C, Jedian V, Seldin MM, Ahn IS, Diamante G, Blencowe M, Yang X, Mouisel E, Pellegrini M, Turcotte LP, Birkeland KI, Norheim F, Drevon CA, Lusis AJ, Hevener AL. Conserved multi-tissue transcriptomic adaptations to exercise training in humans and mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112499. [PMID: 37178122 PMCID: PMC11352395 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is associated with beneficial adaptations in human and rodent metabolism. We studied over 50 complex traits before and after exercise intervention in middle-aged men and a panel of 100 diverse strains of female mice. Candidate gene analyses in three brain regions, muscle, liver, heart, and adipose tissue of mice indicate genetic drivers of clinically relevant traits, including volitional exercise volume, muscle metabolism, adiposity, and hepatic lipids. Although ∼33% of genes differentially expressed in skeletal muscle following the exercise intervention are similar in mice and humans independent of BMI, responsiveness of adipose tissue to exercise-stimulated weight loss appears controlled by species and underlying genotype. We leveraged genetic diversity to generate prediction models of metabolic trait responsiveness to volitional activity offering a framework for advancing personalized exercise prescription. The human and mouse data are publicly available via a user-friendly Web-based application to enhance data mining and hypothesis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Moore
- Division of Cardiology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sindre Lee
- Department of Transplantation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marco Morselli
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences - The Collaboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander R Strumwasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amanda J Lin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Abrishami
- Department of Transplantation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steven M Garcia
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Bribiesca
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Cory
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kate Whitney
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theodore Ho
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy Ho
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph L Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H Rucker
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christina Q A Nguyen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Akshay T S Anand
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aidan Yackly
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lorna Q Mendoza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brayden K Leyva
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Aliman
- Department of Transplantation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel J Artiga
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yonghong Meng
- Division of Cardiology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarada Charugundla
- Division of Cardiology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Division of Cardiology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vida Jedian
- Division of Cardiology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Division of Cardiology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - In Sook Ahn
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Graciel Diamante
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Montgomery Blencowe
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Etienne Mouisel
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, UMR1297 Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lorraine P Turcotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dana & David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kåre I Birkeland
- Department of Transplantation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Norheim
- Division of Cardiology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Division of Cardiology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Iris Cantor-UCLA Women's Health Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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11
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Improta-Caria AC, Soci ÚPR, Rodrigues LF, Fernandes T, Oliveira EM. MicroRNAs Regulating Pathophysiological Processes in Obesity: The Impact of Exercise Training. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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12
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Skeletal Muscle-Derived Exosomal miR-146a-5p Inhibits Adipogenesis by Mediating Muscle-Fat Axis and Targeting GDF5-PPARγ Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054561. [PMID: 36901991 PMCID: PMC10003660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle-fat interaction is essential for maintaining organismal energy homeostasis and managing obesity by secreting cytokines and exosomes, but the role of the latter as a new mediator in inter-tissue communication remains unclear. Recently, we discovered that miR-146a-5p was mainly enriched in skeletal muscle-derived exosomes (SKM-Exos), 50-fold higher than in fat exosomes. Here, we investigated the role of skeletal muscle-derived exosomes regulating lipid metabolism in adipose tissue by delivering miR-146a-5p. The results showed that skeletal muscle cell-derived exosomes significantly inhibited the differentiation of preadipocytes and their adipogenesis. When the skeletal muscle-derived exosomes co-treated adipocytes with miR-146a-5p inhibitor, this inhibition was reversed. Additionally, skeletal muscle-specific knockout miR-146a-5p (mKO) mice significantly increased body weight gain and decreased oxidative metabolism. On the other hand, the internalization of this miRNA into the mKO mice by injecting skeletal muscle-derived exosomes from the Flox mice (Flox-Exos) resulted in significant phenotypic reversion, including down-regulation of genes and proteins involved in adipogenesis. Mechanistically, miR-146a-5p has also been demonstrated to function as a negative regulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signaling by directly targeting growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) gene to mediate adipogenesis and fatty acid absorption. Taken together, these data provide new insights into the role of miR-146a-5p as a novel myokine involved in the regulation of adipogenesis and obesity via mediating the skeletal muscle-fat signaling axis, which may serve as a target for the development of therapies against metabolic diseases, such as obesity.
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13
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Feng Y, Cui Z, Lu X, Gong H, Liu X, Wang H, Cheng H, Gao H, Shi X, Li Y, Ye H, Zhang Q, Kong X. Transcriptomics Dissection of Calorie Restriction and Exercise Training in Brown Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041047. [PMID: 36839405 PMCID: PMC9966723 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) and exercise training (EX) are two critical lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle are two important organs for the generation of heat. Here, we undertook detailed transcriptional profiling of these two thermogenic tissues from mice treated subjected to CR and/or EX. We found transcriptional reprogramming of BAT and skeletal muscle as a result of CR but little from EX. Consistent with this, CR induced alterations in the expression of genes encoding adipokines and myokines in BAT and skeletal muscle, respectively. Deconvolution analysis showed differences in the subpopulations of myogenic cells, mesothelial cells and endogenic cells in BAT and in the subpopulations of satellite cells, immune cells and endothelial cells in skeletal muscle as a result of CR or EX. NicheNet analysis, exploring potential inter-organ communication, indicated that BAT and skeletal muscle could mutually regulate their fatty acid metabolism and thermogenesis through ligands and receptors. These data comprise an extensive resource for the study of thermogenic tissue molecular responses to CR and/or EX in a healthy state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhicheng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaodan Lu
- Precision Medicine Center, Jilin Province General Hospital, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongyu Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Haoyu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Huanqing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaohong Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hongying Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qiongyue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (X.K.)
| | - Xingxing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (X.K.)
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14
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Zsichla L, Müller V. Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19: A Review of Host, Viral and Environmental Factors. Viruses 2023; 15:175. [PMID: 36680215 PMCID: PMC9863423 DOI: 10.3390/v15010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe disease and death. Understanding the risk factors of severe COVID-19 is relevant both in the clinical setting and at the epidemiological level. Here, we provide an overview of host, viral and environmental factors that have been shown or (in some cases) hypothesized to be associated with severe clinical outcomes. The factors considered in detail include the age and frailty, genetic polymorphisms, biological sex (and pregnancy), co- and superinfections, non-communicable comorbidities, immunological history, microbiota, and lifestyle of the patient; viral genetic variation and infecting dose; socioeconomic factors; and air pollution. For each category, we compile (sometimes conflicting) evidence for the association of the factor with COVID-19 outcomes (including the strength of the effect) and outline possible action mechanisms. We also discuss the complex interactions between the various risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Zsichla
- Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktor Müller
- Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Kurgan N, Stoikos J, Baranowski BJ, Yumol J, Dhaliwal R, Sweezey-Munroe JB, Fajardo VA, Gittings W, Macpherson REK, Klentrou P. Sclerostin Influences Exercise-Induced Adaptations in Body Composition and White Adipose Tissue Morphology in Male Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:541-555. [PMID: 36606556 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sclerostin is an inhibitor of the osteogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that also has an endocrine role in regulating adipocyte differentiation and metabolism. Additionally, subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) sclerostin content decreases following exercise training (EXT). Therefore, we hypothesized that EXT-induced reductions in adipose tissue sclerostin may play a role in regulating adaptations in body composition and whole-body metabolism. To test this hypothesis, 10-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were either sedentary (SED) or performing 1 hour of treadmill running at ~65% to 70% maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max ) 5 day/week (EXT) for 4 weeks and had subcutaneous injections of either saline (C) or recombinant sclerostin (S) (0.1 mg/kg body mass) 5 day/week; thus, making four groups (SED-C, EXT-C, SED-S, and EXT-S; n = 12/group). No differences in body mass were observed between experimental groups, whereas food intake was higher in EXT (p = 0.03) and S (p = 0.08) groups. There was a higher resting energy expenditure in all groups compared to SED-C. EXT-C had increased lean mass and decreased fat mass percentage compared to SED-C and SED-S. No differences in body composition were observed in either the SED-S or EXT-S groups. Lower scWAT (inguinal), epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) (visceral epididymal) mass, and scWAT adipocyte cell size and increased percentage of multilocular cells in scWAT were observed in the EXT-C group compared to SED-C, whereas lower eWAT was only observed in the EXT-S group. EXT mice had increased scWAT low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (Lrp4) and mitochondrial content and sclerostin treatment only inhibited increased Lrp4 content with EXT. Together, these results provide evidence that reductions in resting sclerostin with exercise training may influence associated alterations in energy metabolism and body composition, particularly in scWAT. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Kurgan
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua Stoikos
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley J Baranowski
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Jenalyn Yumol
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Roopan Dhaliwal
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Jake B Sweezey-Munroe
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - William Gittings
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca E K Macpherson
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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16
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Bonekamp NE, Visseren FLJ, Ruigrok Y, Cramer MJM, de Borst GJ, May AM, Koopal C. Leisure-time and occupational physical activity and health outcomes in cardiovascular disease. BRITISH HEART JOURNAL 2022; 109:686-694. [PMID: 36270785 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-321474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveIn healthy populations, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) improves health outcomes, while, paradoxically, occupational physical activity (OPA) is associated with detrimental health effects. This study aimed to investigate the associations of LTPA and OPA with mortality, cardiovascular events and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).MethodsIn 7058 outpatients with CVD (age 61±10 years, 75% male) from the prospective Utrecht Cardiovascular Cohort-Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease cohort, Cox models were used to quantify the associations between self-reported LTPA and OPA and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events and T2D.ResultsOver 8.6 years (IQR: 4.6–12.5) of follow-up, 1088 vascular events, 1254 deaths and 447 incident T2D cases occurred. The top LTPA quarter had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.74), recurrent cardiovascular events (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.84) and incident T2D (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.93), compared with the lowest quarter. The continuous LTPA associations were reverse J-shaped for all-cause mortality and vascular events and linear for T2D. OPA (heavy manual vs sedentary) showed a trend towards an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.35), cardiovascular events (HR 1.15, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.45) and T2D (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.50). The detrimental effects of higher OPA were more pronounced in men, never-smokers, people with higher education and active employment.ConclusionsIn patients with CVD, LTPA was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality, recurrent cardiovascular events and incident T2D. In contrast, OPA seemed to increase the risk of these outcomes. These findings support the existence of a physical activity paradox in patients with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia E Bonekamp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L J Visseren
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ynte Ruigrok
- University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten J M Cramer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Jan de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M May
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Koopal
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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Humińska-Lisowska K, Mieszkowski J, Kochanowicz A, Bojarczuk A, Niespodziński B, Brzezińska P, Stankiewicz B, Michałowska-Sawczyn M, Grzywacz A, Petr M, Cięszczyk P. Implications of Adipose Tissue Content for Changes in Serum Levels of Exercise-Induced Adipokines: A Quasi-Experimental Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148782. [PMID: 35886639 PMCID: PMC9316284 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Human adipocytes release multiple adipokines into the bloodstream during physical activity. This affects many organs and might contribute to the induction of inflammation. In this study, we aimed to assess changes in circulating adipokine levels induced by intense aerobic and anaerobic exercise in individuals with different adipose tissue content. In the quasi-experimental study, 48 male volunteers (aged 21.78 ± 1.98 years) were assigned to groups depending on their body fat content (BF): LBF, low body fat (<8% BF, n = 16); MBF, moderate body fat (8−14% BF, n = 19); and HBF, high body fat (>14% BF, n = 13). The volunteers performed maximal aerobic effort (MAE) and maximal anaerobic effort (MAnE) exercises. Blood samples were collected at five timepoints: before exercise, immediately after, 2 h, 6 h, and 24 h after each exercise. The selected cytokines were analyzed: adiponectin, follistatin-like 1, interleukin 6, leptin, oncostatin M, and resistin. While the participants’ MAnE and MAE performance were similar regardless of BF, the cytokine response of the HBF group was different from that of the others. Six hours after exercise, leptin levels in the HBF group increased by 35%. Further, immediately after MAnE, resistin levels in the HBF group also increased, by approximately 55%. The effect of different BF was not apparent for other cytokines. We conclude that the adipokine exercise response is associated with the amount of adipose tissue and is related to exercise type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Humińska-Lisowska
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (A.K.); (A.B.); (P.B.); (M.M.-S.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: (K.H.-L.); (J.M.); Tel.: +48-510362693 (K.H.-L.); +48-501619669 (J.M.)
| | - Jan Mieszkowski
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (A.K.); (A.B.); (P.B.); (M.M.-S.); (P.C.)
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162-52 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (K.H.-L.); (J.M.); Tel.: +48-510362693 (K.H.-L.); +48-501619669 (J.M.)
| | - Andrzej Kochanowicz
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (A.K.); (A.B.); (P.B.); (M.M.-S.); (P.C.)
| | - Aleksandra Bojarczuk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (A.K.); (A.B.); (P.B.); (M.M.-S.); (P.C.)
| | - Bartłomiej Niespodziński
- Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.N.); (B.S.)
| | - Paulina Brzezińska
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (A.K.); (A.B.); (P.B.); (M.M.-S.); (P.C.)
| | - Błażej Stankiewicz
- Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.N.); (B.S.)
| | - Monika Michałowska-Sawczyn
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (A.K.); (A.B.); (P.B.); (M.M.-S.); (P.C.)
| | - Anna Grzywacz
- Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Miroslav Petr
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162-52 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (A.K.); (A.B.); (P.B.); (M.M.-S.); (P.C.)
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18
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Wang D, Zhang X, Li Y, Jia L, Zhai L, Wei W, Zhang L, Jiang H, Bai Y. Exercise-Induced Browning of White Adipose Tissue and Improving Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity in Obese/Non-obese Growing Mice: Do Not Neglect Exosomal miR-27a. Front Nutr 2022; 9:940673. [PMID: 35782940 PMCID: PMC9248804 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.940673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is considered as a favorable measure to prevent and treat childhood obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms of exercise-induced beneficial effects and the difference between obese and non-obese individuals are largely unclear. Recently, miR-27a is recognized as a central upstream regulator of proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) in contributing to various physiological and pathological processes. This study aims to explore the possible cause of exercise affecting white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and reversing skeletal muscle insulin resistance in obese/non-obese immature bodies. For simulating the process of childhood obesity, juvenile mice were fed with a basal diet or high-fat diet (HFD) and took 1 or 2 h swimming exercise simultaneously for 10 weeks. The obese animal model was induced by the HFD. We found that exercise hindered HFD-induced body fat development in growing mice. Exercise modified glucolipid metabolism parameters differently in the obese/non-obese groups, and the changes of the 2 h exercise mice were not consistent with the 1 h exercise mice. The level of serum exosomal miR-27a in the non-exercise obese group was increased obviously, which was reduced in the exercise obese groups. Results from bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-27a targeted PPAR-γ. Exercise stimulated WAT browning; however, the response of obese WAT lagged behind normal WAT. In the HFD-fed mice, 2 h exercise activated the IRS-1/Akt/GLUT-4 signaling pathway in the skeletal muscles. In summary, our findings confirmed that exercise-induced beneficial effects are associated with exercise duration, and the response of obese and non-obese bodies is different. Exosomal miR-27a might be a crucial node for the process of exercise-induced browning of WAT and improving skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- The Second People’s Hospital of Jiashan, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xihuan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Xinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibai Li
- The First Division of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lihong Jia
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingling Zhai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongkun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinglong Bai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yinglong Bai,
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19
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Little-Letsinger SE, Rubin J, Diekman B, Rubin CT, McGrath C, Pagnotti GM, Klett EL, Styner M. Exercise to Mend Aged-tissue Crosstalk in Bone Targeting Osteoporosis & Osteoarthritis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 123:22-35. [PMID: 34489173 PMCID: PMC8840966 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging induces alterations in bone structure and strength through a multitude of processes, exacerbating common aging- related diseases like osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Cellular hallmarks of aging are examined, as related to bone and the marrow microenvironment, and ways in which these might contribute to a variety of age-related perturbations in osteoblasts, osteocytes, marrow adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoclasts, and their respective progenitors. Cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic and intracellular communication changes are central pathways and recognized as associated and potentially causal in aging. We focus on these in musculoskeletal system and highlight knowledge gaps in the literature regarding cellular and tissue crosstalk in bone, cartilage, and the bone marrow niche. While senolytics have been utilized to target aging pathways, here we propose non-pharmacologic, exercise-based interventions as prospective "senolytics" against aging effects on the skeleton. Increased bone mass and delayed onset or progression of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are some of the recognized benefits of regular exercise across the lifespan. Further investigation is needed to delineate how cellular indicators of aging manifest in bone and the marrow niche and how altered cellular and tissue crosstalk impact disease progression, as well as consideration of exercise as a therapeutic modality, as a means to enhance discovery of bone-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- SE Little-Letsinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - J Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,North Carolina Diabetes Research Center (NCDRC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center (TARC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - B Diekman
- Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center (TARC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Joint Departments of Biomedical Engineering NC State & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - CT Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook
| | - C McGrath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - GM Pagnotti
- Dept of Endocrine, Neoplasia, and Hormonal Disorders, University Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - EL Klett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - M Styner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,North Carolina Diabetes Research Center (NCDRC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center (TARC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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20
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Kurgan N, Islam H, Matusiak JBL, Baranowski BJ, Stoikos J, Fajardo VA, MacPherson REK, Gurd BJ, Klentrou P. Subcutaneous adipose tissue sclerostin is reduced and Wnt signaling is enhanced following 4-weeks of sprint interval training in young men with obesity. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15232. [PMID: 35312183 PMCID: PMC8935536 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin is a Wnt/β-catenin antagonist, mainly secreted by osteocytes, and most known for its role in reducing bone formation. Studies in rodents suggest sclerostin can also regulate adipose tissue mass and metabolism, representing bone-adipose tissue crosstalk. Exercise training has been shown to reduce plasma sclerostin levels; but the effects of exercise on sclerostin and Wnt/β-catenin signaling specifically within adipose tissue has yet to be examined. The purpose of this study was to examine subcutaneous WAT (scWAT) sclerostin content and Wnt signaling in response to exercise training in young men with obesity. To this end, 7 male participants (BMI = 35 ± 4; 25 ± 4 years) underwent 4 weeks of sprint interval training (SIT) involving 4 weekly sessions consisting of a 5-min warmup, followed by 8 × 20 s intervals at 170% of work rate at VO2peak , separated by 10 s of rest. Serum and scWAT were sampled at rest both pre- and post-SIT. Despite no changes in serum sclerostin levels, we found a significant decrease in adipose sclerostin content (-37%, p = 0.04), an increase in total β-catenin (+52%, p = 0.03), and no changes in GSK3β serine 9 phosphorylation. There were also concomitant reductions in serum TNF-α (-0.36 pg/ml, p = 0.03) and IL-6 (-1.44 pg/ml, p = 0.05) as well as an increase in VO2peak (+5%, p = 0.03) and scWAT COXIV protein content (+95%, p = 0.04). In conclusion, scWAT sclerostin content was reduced and β-catenin content was increased following SIT in young men with excess adiposity, suggesting a role of sclerostin in regulating human adipose tissue in response to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Kurgan
- Department of KinesiologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle HealthBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Hashim Islam
- School of Health and Exercise SciencesUniversity of British Columbia OkanaganKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | | | - Bradley J. Baranowski
- Centre for Bone and Muscle HealthBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Department of Health SciencesBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Joshua Stoikos
- Department of KinesiologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle HealthBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Val A. Fajardo
- Department of KinesiologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle HealthBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | | | - Brendon J. Gurd
- Department of KinesiologyQueens UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of KinesiologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle HealthBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
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21
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The Shades of Grey in Adipose Tissue Reprogramming. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:230844. [PMID: 35211733 PMCID: PMC8905306 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipose tissue (AT) has a major role in contributing to obesity-related pathologies through regulating systemic immunometabolism. The pathogenicity of the AT is underpinned by its remarkable plasticity to be reprogrammed during obesity, in the perspectives of tissue morphology, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, angiogenesis, immunometabolic homoeostasis and circadian rhythmicity. Dysregulation in these features escalates the pathogenesis conferred by this endometabolic organ. Intriguingly, the potential to be reprogrammed appears to be an Achilles’ heel of the obese AT that can be targeted for the management of obesity and its associated comorbidities. Here, we provide an overview of the reprogramming processes of white AT (WAT), with a focus on their dynamics and pleiotropic actions over local and systemic homoeostases, followed by a discussion of potential strategies favouring therapeutic reprogramming. The potential involvement of AT remodelling in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is also discussed.
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22
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Li L, Li S, Zhang J. Treadmill running alleviates adipose tissue browning and lipolysis in rats with heart failure. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:323-334. [PMID: 35112327 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00849-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study observed the effects of treadmill running on adipose tissue browning and lipolysis in rats with induced heart failure and elucidated the possible mechanism. Rats underwent abdominal aortic constriction as a model of heart failure. Cardiac function was detected by echocardiography. We detected serum levels of norepinephrine and interleukin 6, cardiac atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide and marker genes of browning, white adipose tissue (WAT), and lipolysis in adipose tissue. Rats with heart failure showed typical symptoms such as increased heart weight and mRNA levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction. Exercise partially improved left ventricular diastolic function and significantly decreased atrial natriuretic peptide expression. Rats with heart failure showed significantly reduced body weight and ratios of muscle and fat weight to body weight. Exercise significantly increased body weight and the ratio of muscle weight to body weight. Heart failure stimulated the expression of proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1-alpha and uncoupling protein 1 in epididymal WAT, inguinal WAT, and brown adipose tissue but decreased that of adiponectin and leptin in inguinal WAT. Lipolysis, characterized by high adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase expression, was activated in all adipose tissues. Exercise reduced browning and lipolysis in adipose tissues. Rats with heart failure had abnormally high levels of serum norepinephrine and interleukin 6, which could be suppressed by exercise. Exercise may improve cardiac cachexia and inhibit the browning and lipolysis of adipose tissue by downregulating sympathetic nervous system activity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Chen
- School of P.E. and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- School of P.E. and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lingjie Li
- School of P.E. and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shitian Li
- School of P.E. and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of P.E. and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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23
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Camell CD. Adipose tissue microenvironments during aging: Effects on stimulated lipolysis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159118. [PMID: 35131468 PMCID: PMC8986088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a critical organ for nutrient sensing, energy storage and maintaining metabolic health. The failure of adipose tissue homeostasis leads to metabolic disease that is seen during obesity or aging. Local metabolic processes are coordinated by interacting microenvironments that make up the complexity and heterogeneity of the adipose tissue. Catecholamine-induced lipolysis, a critical pathway in adipocytes that drives the release of stored triglyceride as free fatty acid after stimulation, is impaired during aging. The impairment of this pathway is associated with a failure to maintain a healthy body weight, core body-temperature during cold stress or mount an immune response. Along with impairments in aged adipocytes, aging is associated with an accumulation of inflammation, immune cell activation, and increased dysfunction in the nervous and lymphatic systems within the adipose tissue. Together these microenvironments support the initiation of stimulated lipolysis and the transport of free fatty acid under conditions of metabolic homeostasis. However, during aging, the defects in these cellular systems result in a reduction in ability to stimulate lipolysis. This review will focus on how the immune, nervous and lymphatic systems interact during tissue homeostasis, review areas that are impaired with aging and discuss areas of research that are currently unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina D Camell
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
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24
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Vladimirsky VE, Vladimirsky EV, Lunina AN, Fesyun AD, Rachin AP, Lebedeva OD, Yakovlev MY, Tubekova MA. [Molecular mechanisms of adaptive and therapeutic effects of physical activity in patients with cardiovascular diseases]. VOPROSY KURORTOLOGII, FIZIOTERAPII, I LECHEBNOI FIZICHESKOI KULTURY 2022; 99:69-77. [PMID: 35485663 DOI: 10.17116/kurort20229902169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity is one of the main components of the rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). As shown by practice and the results of evidence-based studies, the beneficial effects of physical activity on disease outcomes in a number of cardiac nosologies are comparable to drug treatment. This gives the doctor another tool to influence the unfavorable epidemiological situation in developed countries with the spread of diseases of the cardiovascular system and CVD mortality. Reliable positive results of cardiorehabilitation (CR) were obtained using various methods. The goal of CR is to restore the optimal physiological, psychological and professional status, reduce the risk of CVD and mortality. In most current CVD guidelines worldwide, cardiac rehabilitation is a Class I recommendation. The molecular mechanisms described in the review, initiated by physical activity, underlie the multifactorial effect of the latter on the function of the cardiovascular system and the course of cardiac diseases. Physical exercise is an important component of the therapeutic management of patients with CVD, which is supported by the results of a meta-analysis of 63 studies associated with various forms of aerobic exercise of varying intensity (from 50 to 95% VO2) for 1 to 47 months, which showed that CR based on physical exercise improves cardiorespiratory endurance. Knowledge of the molecular basis of the influence of physical activity makes it possible to use biochemical markers to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A N Lunina
- Wagner Perm State Medical University, Perm, Russia
| | - A D Fesyun
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A P Rachin
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - O D Lebedeva
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Yu Yakovlev
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Tubekova
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
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25
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Stroh AM, Lynch CE, Lester BE, Minchev K, Chambers TL, Montenegro CF, Chavez Martinez C, Fountain WA, Trappe TA, Trappe SW. Human adipose and skeletal muscle tissue DNA, RNA, and protein content. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:1370-1379. [PMID: 34435508 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00343.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this project was to provide a profile of DNA, RNA, and protein content in adipose tissue, which is relatively understudied in humans, to gain more insight into the amount of tissue that may be required for various analyses. Skeletal muscle tissue was also investigated to provide a direct comparison into potential differences between these two highly metabolically active tissues. Basal adipose and skeletal muscle tissue samples were obtained from 10 (7 M, 3 W) recreationally active participants [25 ± 1 yr; 84 ± 3 kg, maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max): 3.5 ± 0.2 L/min, body fat: 29 ± 2%]. DNA, RNA, and protein were extracted and subsequently analyzed for quantity and quality. DNA content of adipose and skeletal muscle tissue was 52 ± 14 and 189 ± 44 ng DNA·mg tissue-1, respectively (P < 0.05). RNA content of adipose and skeletal muscle tissue was 46 ± 14 and 537 ± 72 ng RNA·mg tissue-1, respectively (P < 0.05). Protein content of adipose and skeletal muscle tissue was 4 ± 1 and 177 ± 10 µg protein·mg tissue-1, respectively (P < 0.05). In summary, human adipose had 28% of the DNA, 9% of the RNA, and 2% of the protein found in skeletal muscle per mg of tissue. This information should be useful across a wide range of human clinical investigation designs and various laboratory analyses.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This investigation studied DNA, RNA, and protein contents of adipose and skeletal muscle tissues from young active individuals. A series of optimization steps were investigated to aid in determining the optimal approach to extract high-yield and high-quality biomolecules. These findings contribute to the knowledge gap in adipose tissue requirements for molecular biology assays, which is of increasing importance due to the growing interest in adipose tissue research involving human exercise physiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Stroh
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Colleen E Lynch
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Bridget E Lester
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Kiril Minchev
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Toby L Chambers
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | | | | | | | - Todd A Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Scott W Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
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26
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Ogawa M, Koskensalo K, Laurila S, Holstila M, Lahesmaa M, Virtanen KA, Iida H, Akima H, Nuutila P. Brown adipose tissue fat-fraction is associated with skeletal muscle adiposity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 122:81-90. [PMID: 34564756 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE While brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity is known to be associated with both muscle and adipose tissue volumes, the association between BAT and muscle composition remains unclear, especially in adults. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the association between BAT parameters (glucose uptake and fat-fraction) and muscle volumes and intramuscular adipose tissue contents among healthy young and middle-aged men. METHODS BAT glucose uptake was determined using positron emission tomography with [18F]-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) during cold exposure in 19 young and middle-aged men (36.3 ± 10.7 years). The fat-fraction of BAT was determined from volumes of interest set in cervical and supraclavicular adipose tissue depots using signal fat-fraction maps via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Muscle volumes and intramuscular adipose tissue contents of m. tibialis anterior and m. multifidus lumborum were measured using MRI. RESULTS The fat-fraction of BAT was significantly associated with intramuscular adipose tissue content in m. tibialis anterior (n = 13, rs = 0.691, P = 0.009). A similar trend was also observed in m. multifidus lumborum (n = 19, rs = 0.454, P = 0.051). However, BAT glucose uptake was not associated with intramuscular adipose tissue contents in both muscles, nor were muscle volumes associated with the BAT glucose uptake and fat-fraction. CONCLUSION The fat-fraction of BAT increases with skeletal muscle adiposity, especially in the lower leg, among healthy young and middle-aged men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Ogawa
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan. .,Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan. .,Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kalle Koskensalo
- Turku PET centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sanna Laurila
- Turku PET centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Satakunta Central Hospital, Pori, Finland
| | - Milja Holstila
- Turku PET centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Lahesmaa
- Turku PET centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Turku PET centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hidehiro Iida
- Turku PET centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hiroshi Akima
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan.,Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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27
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Della Torre S. Beyond the X Factor: Relevance of Sex Hormones in NAFLD Pathophysiology. Cells 2021; 10:2502. [PMID: 34572151 PMCID: PMC8470830 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue worldwide, being frequently associated with obesity, unbalanced dietary regimens, and reduced physical activity. Despite their greater adiposity and reduced physical activity, women show a lower risk of developing NAFLD in comparison to men, likely a consequence of a sex-specific regulation of liver metabolism. In the liver, sex differences in the uptake, synthesis, oxidation, deposition, and mobilization of lipids, as well as in the regulation of inflammation, are associated with differences in NAFLD prevalence and progression between men and women. Given the major role of sex hormones in driving hepatic sexual dimorphism, this review will focus on the role of sex hormones and their signaling in the regulation of hepatic metabolism and in the molecular mechanisms triggering NAFLD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
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28
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Dilworth L, Facey A, Omoruyi F. Diabetes Mellitus and Its Metabolic Complications: The Role of Adipose Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147644. [PMID: 34299261 PMCID: PMC8305176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many approaches have been used in the effective management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A recent paradigm shift has focused on the role of adipose tissues in the development and treatment of the disease. Brown adipose tissues (BAT) and white adipose tissues (WAT) are the two main types of adipose tissues with beige subsets more recently identified. They play key roles in communication and insulin sensitivity. However, WAT has been shown to contribute significantly to endocrine function. WAT produces hormones and cytokines, collectively called adipocytokines, such as leptin and adiponectin. These adipocytokines have been proven to vary in conditions, such as metabolic dysfunction, type 2 diabetes, or inflammation. The regulation of fat storage, energy metabolism, satiety, and insulin release are all features of adipose tissues. As such, they are indicators that may provide insights on the development of metabolic dysfunction or type 2 diabetes and can be considered routes for therapeutic considerations. The essential roles of adipocytokines vis-a-vis satiety, appetite, regulation of fat storage and energy, glucose tolerance, and insulin release, solidifies adipose tissue role in the development and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and the complications associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lowell Dilworth
- Department of Pathology, Mona Campus, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica;
| | - Aldeam Facey
- Mona Academy of Sport, Mona Campus, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica;
| | - Felix Omoruyi
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
- Correspondence:
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29
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Bjørklund G, Tippairote T, Dadar M, Lizcano F, Aaseth J, Borisova O. The Roles of Dietary, Nutritional and Lifestyle Interventions in Adipose Tissue Adaptation and Obesity. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1683-1702. [PMID: 32368968 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200505090449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The obesity and the associated non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are globally increasing in their prevalence. While the modern-day lifestyle required less ventilation of metabolic energy through muscular activities, this lifestyle transition also provided the unlimited accession to foods around the clock, which prolong the daily eating period of foods that contained high calorie and high glycemic load. These situations promote the high continuous flux of carbon substrate availability in mitochondria and induce the indecisive bioenergetic switches. The disrupted bioenergetic milieu increases the uncoupling respiration due to the excess flow of the substrate-derived reducing equivalents and reduces ubiquinones into the respiratory chain. The diversion of the uncoupling proton gradient through adipocyte thermogenesis will then alleviate the damaging effects of free radicals to mitochondria and other organelles. The adaptive induction of white adipose tissues (WAT) to beige adipose tissues (beAT) has shown beneficial effects on glucose oxidation, ROS protection and mitochondrial function preservation through the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-independent thermogenesis of beAT. However, the maladaptive stage can eventually initiate with the persistent unhealthy lifestyles. Under this metabolic gridlock, the low oxygen and pro-inflammatory environments promote the adipose breakdown with sequential metabolic dysregulation, including insulin resistance, systemic inflammation and clinical NCDs progression. It is unlikely that a single intervention can reverse all these complex interactions. A comprehensive protocol that includes dietary, nutritional and all modifiable lifestyle interventions, can be the preferable choice to decelerate, stop, or reverse the NCDs pathophysiologic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Torsak Tippairote
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Olga Borisova
- Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University, Odessa, Ukraine
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30
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Atakan MM, Koşar ŞN, Güzel Y, Tin HT, Yan X. The Role of Exercise, Diet, and Cytokines in Preventing Obesity and Improving Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051459. [PMID: 33922998 PMCID: PMC8145589 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity continues to rise worldwide despite evidence-based public health recommendations. The promise to adopt a healthy lifestyle is increasingly important for tackling this global epidemic. Calorie restriction or regular exercise or a combination of the two is accepted as an effective strategy in preventing or treating obesity. Furthermore, the benefits conferred by regular exercise to overcome obesity are attributed not only to reduced adiposity or reduced levels of circulating lipids but also to the proteins, peptides, enzymes, and metabolites that are released from contracting skeletal muscle or other organs. The secretion of these molecules called cytokines in response to exercise induces browning of white adipose tissue by increasing the expression of brown adipocyte-specific genes within the white adipose tissue, suggesting that exercise-induced cytokines may play a significant role in preventing obesity. In this review, we present research-based evidence supporting the effects of exercise and various diet interventions on preventing obesity and adipose tissue health. We also discuss the interplay between adipose tissue and the cytokines secreted from skeletal muscle and other organs that are known to affect adipose tissue and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Mustafa Atakan
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Şükran Nazan Koşar
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yasemin Güzel
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Hiu Tung Tin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia;
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia;
- Sarcopenia Research Program, Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9919-4024; Fax: +61-3-9919-5615
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31
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Goldsmith JA, Ennasr AN, Farkas GJ, Gater DR, Gorgey AS. Role of exercise on visceral adiposity after spinal cord injury: a cardiometabolic risk factor. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2143-2163. [PMID: 33891156 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with cardiometabolic disease risk in able-bodied (AB) populations. However, the underlying mechanisms of VAT-induced disease risk are unknown in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). Potential mechanisms of VAT-induced cardiometabolic dysfunction in persons with SCI include systemic inflammation, liver adiposity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and anabolic deficiency. Moreover, how exercise interventions impact these mechanisms associated with VAT-induced cardiometabolic dysfunction are still being explored. METHODS A search for relevant scientific literature about the effects of exercise on VAT and cardiometabolic health was conducted on the PubMed database. Literature from reference lists was also included when appropriate. RESULTS Both aerobic and resistance exercise training beneficially impact health and VAT mass via improving mitochondrial function, glucose effectiveness, and inflammatory signaling in SCI and AB populations. Specifically, aerobic exercise appears to also modulate cellular senescence in AB populations and animal models, while resistance exercise seems to augment anabolic signaling in persons with SCI. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence supports regular engagement in exercise to reduce VAT mass and the adverse effects on cardiometabolic health in persons with SCI. Future research is needed to further elucidate the precise mechanisms by which VAT negatively impacts health following SCI. This will likely facilitate the development of rehabilitation protocols that target VAT reduction in persons with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Goldsmith
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Central Virginia VA Health Care System, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA
| | - Areej N Ennasr
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Central Virginia VA Health Care System, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA
| | - Gary J Farkas
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - David R Gater
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ashraf S Gorgey
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Central Virginia VA Health Care System, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA. .,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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Berkoz M, Yalin S, Yildirim M, Yalın A, Çömelekoğlu Ü. PUNICALAGIN AND PUNICALIN SUPPRESS THE ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION THROUGH THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2021; 17:157-167. [PMID: 34925563 PMCID: PMC8665253 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2021.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pomegranate is a rich source of many polyphenolic compounds including ellagitannins (punicalagin, punicalin and others). AIM The effects of punicalagin and punicalin on adipogenesis were investigated in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS To examine the effect of punicalagin and punicalin on adipocyte differentiation, various concentrations of punicalagin and punicalin (2-10 µM) were applied to differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity, Oil red O staining, intracellular triglyceride levels, and gene expressions of transcription factors (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins-α (C/EBPα), Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c)) and lipolysis-associated genes (hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), Perilipin A, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) were examined in order to investigate the effects of punicalagin and punicalin on adipocyte differentiation. RESULTS Punicalagin and punicalin applications caused a continuous decrease in cell size and intracellular triglyceride accumulation. GPDH activity and transcription gene expressions decreased significantly in groups that were applicated punicalagin and punicalin at high concentrations. Punicalagin, but not punicalin, down-regulated the expression of HSL and perilipin A and up-regulated the expression of TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, both punicalagin and punicalin were able to inhibit the adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Berkoz
- Yuzuncu Yil University - Department of Biochemistry, Van, Turkey
| | - S. Yalin
- Mersin University, Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Biochemistry, Mersin, Turkey
| | - M. Yildirim
- Tarsus University, Healthcare Vocational School - Pharmacy Services
Program, Tarsus, Turkey
| | - A.E. Yalın
- Mersin University, Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Biochemistry, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ü. Çömelekoğlu
- Mersin University, Faculty of Medicine - Department of Biophysics, Mersin, Turkey
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Vieira RFL, Muñoz VR, Junqueira RL, de Oliveira F, Gaspar RC, Nakandakari SCBR, Costa SDO, Torsoni MA, da Silva ASR, Cintra DE, de Moura LP, Ropelle ER, Zaghloul I, Mekary RA, Pauli JR. Time-restricted feeding combined with aerobic exercise training can prevent weight gain and improve metabolic disorders in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Physiol 2021; 600:797-813. [PMID: 33450053 DOI: 10.1113/jp280820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Time-restricted feeding (TRF, in which energy intake is restricted to 8 h/day during the dark phase) alone or combined with aerobic exercise (AE) training can prevent weight gain and metabolic disorders in Swiss mice fed a high-fat diet. The benefits of TRF combined with AE are associated with improved hepatic metabolism and decreased hepatic lipid accumulation. TRF combined with AE training increased fatty acid oxidation and decreased expression of lipogenic and gluconeogenic genes in the liver of young male Swiss mice. TRF combined with AE training attenuated the detrimental effects of high-fat diet feeding on the insulin signalling pathway in the liver. ABSTRACT Time-restricted feeding (TRF) or physical exercise have been shown to be efficient in the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders; however, the additive effects of TRF combined with aerobic exercise (AE) training on liver metabolism have not been widely explored. In this study TRF (8 h in the active phase) and TRF combined with AE (TRF+Exe) were compared in male Swiss mice fed a high-fat diet, with evaluation of the effects on insulin sensitivity and expression of hepatic genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. As in previous reports, we show that TRF alone (eating only between zeitgeber time 16 and 0) was sufficient to reduce weight and adiposity gain, increase fatty acid oxidation and decrease lipogenesis genes in the liver. In addition, we show that mice of the TRF+Exe group showed additional adaptations such as increased oxygen consumption ( V ̇ O 2 ), carbon dioxide production ( V ̇ C O 2 ) and production of ketone bodies (β-hydroxybutyrate). Also, TRF+Exe attenuated the negative effects of high-fat diet feeding on the insulin signalling pathway (insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate, Akt), and led to increased fatty acid oxidation (Ppara, Cpt1a) and decreased gluconeogenic (Fbp1, Pck1, Pgc1a) and lipogenic (Srebp1c, Cd36) gene expression in the liver. These molecular results were accompanied by increased glucose metabolism, lower serum triglycerides and reduced hepatic lipid content in the TRF+Exe group. The data presented in this study show that TRF alone has benefits but TRF+Exe has additive benefits and can mitigate the harmful effects of consuming a high-fat diet on body adiposity, liver metabolism and glycaemic homeostasis in young male Swiss mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Fudoli Lins Vieira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Lima Junqueira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fellipe de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Calais Gaspar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Suleyma de Oliveira Costa
- Laboratory of Metabolism Disorders, Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Alberto Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolism Disorders, Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, and Postgraduate Program in Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics (LabGeN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iman Zaghloul
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rania A Mekary
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS), Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sylvester E, Yi W, Han M, Deng C. Exercise intervention for preventing risperidone-induced dyslipidemia and gluco-metabolic disorders in female juvenile rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 199:173064. [PMID: 33127383 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Risperidone use in children and adolescents is associated with the development of metabolic disorders including increased accumulation of body fat, dyslipidemia, and glucose and insulin metabolism dysregulation. As pharmacological interventions are often limited in their ability to treat a range of side-effects, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of daily voluntary exercise intervention to prevent metabolic side-effects induced by risperidone in juveniles. Thirty-two juvenile female Sprague Dawley rats were treated with risperidone (0.9 mg/kg; b.i.d; n = 16) or vehicle (0.3 g cookie dough pellet; n = 16). These rats were then assigned to a sedentary or voluntary exercise intervention (three hours daily access to running wheels) group (n = 8/group) for a period of four weeks. An intra-peritoneal glucose tolerance test was performed after three weeks of risperidone treatment and exercise intervention to assess glucose tolerance. During the exercise intervention, risperidone-treated rats ran significantly less than vehicle-treated rats. Risperidone treatment of sedentary rats resulted in significantly increased white adipose tissue, fasting triglyceride and fasting insulin compared to vehicle-treated sedentary rats. Exercise intervention of risperidone-treated rats prevented significant increases in these metabolic parameters compared to risperidone-treated sedentary rats. These results support voluntary exercise as an effective mitigator of metabolic side-effects associated with risperidone treatment in juvenile rats. Dyslipidemia and dysregulation of glucose and insulin metabolism are significant risk factors for morbidities and mortality later in life, therefore a focus on strategies to mitigate these adverse effects is critical. Our findings support clinical trials in exercise intervention to prevent metabolic disorders associated with antipsychotic medication in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sylvester
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Weijie Yi
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Mei Han
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Chao Deng
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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McGee SL, Hargreaves M. Exercise adaptations: molecular mechanisms and potential targets for therapeutic benefit. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:495-505. [PMID: 32632275 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is fundamental for good health, whereas physical inactivity underpins many chronic diseases of modern society. It is well appreciated that regular exercise improves metabolism and the metabolic phenotype in a number of tissues. The phenotypic alterations observed in skeletal muscle are partly mediated by transcriptional responses that occur following each individual bout of exercise. This adaptive response increases oxidative capacity and influences the function of myokines and extracellular vesicles that signal to other tissues. Our understanding of the epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms that mediate the skeletal muscle gene expression response to exercise as well as of their upstream signalling pathways has advanced substantially in the past 10 years. With this knowledge also comes the opportunity to design new therapeutic strategies based on the biology of exercise for a variety of chronic conditions where regular exercise might be a challenge. This Review provides an overview of the beneficial adaptive responses to exercise and details the molecular mechanisms involved. The possibility of designing therapeutic interventions based on these molecular mechanisms is addressed, using relevant examples that have exploited this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean L McGee
- Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine and Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (iMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Mark Hargreaves
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Thyfault JP, Bergouignan A. Exercise and metabolic health: beyond skeletal muscle. Diabetologia 2020; 63:1464-1474. [PMID: 32529412 PMCID: PMC7377236 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Regular exercise is a formidable regulator of insulin sensitivity and overall systemic metabolism through both acute events driven by each exercise bout and through chronic adaptations. As a result, regular exercise significantly reduces the risks for chronic metabolic disease states, including type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Many of the metabolic health benefits of exercise depend on skeletal muscle adaptations; however, there is plenty of evidence that exercise exerts many of its metabolic benefit through the liver, adipose tissue, vasculature and pancreas. This review will highlight how exercise reduces metabolic disease risk by activating metabolic changes in non-skeletal-muscle tissues. We provide an overview of exercise-induced adaptations within each tissue and discuss emerging work on the exercise-induced integration of inter-tissue communication by a variety of signalling molecules, hormones and cytokines collectively named 'exerkines'. Overall, the evidence clearly indicates that exercise is a robust modulator of metabolism and a powerful protective agent against metabolic disease, and this is likely to be because it robustly improves metabolic function in multiple organs. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Hemenway Life Sciences Innovation Center, Mailstop 3043, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
- Research Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA.
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyle and Nutrition, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.
| | - Audrey Bergouignan
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Anschutz Health & Wellness Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Mendez-Gutierrez A, Osuna-Prieto FJ, Aguilera CM, Ruiz JR, Sanchez-Delgado G. Endocrine Mechanisms Connecting Exercise to Brown Adipose Tissue Metabolism: a Human Perspective. Curr Diab Rep 2020; 20:40. [PMID: 32725289 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-020-01319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the state-of-the-art regarding the exercise-regulated endocrine signals that might modulate brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and/or white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, or through which BAT communicates with other tissues, in humans. RECENT FINDINGS Exercise induces WAT browning in rodents by means of a variety of physiological mechanism. However, whether exercise induces WAT browning in humans is still unknown. Nonetheless, a number of protein hormones and metabolites, whose signaling can influence thermogenic adipocyte's metabolism, are secreted during and/or after exercise in humans from a variety of tissues and organs, such as the skeletal muscle, the adipose tissue, the liver, the adrenal glands, or the cardiac muscle. Overall, it seems plausible to hypothesize that, in humans, exercise secretes an endocrine cocktail that is likely to induce WAT browning, as it does in rodents. However, even if exercise elicits a pro-browning endocrine response, this might result in a negligible effect if blood flow is restricted in thermogenic adipocyte-rich areas during exercise, which is still to be determined. Future studies are needed to fully characterize the exercise-induced secretion (i.e., to determine the effect of the different exercise frequency, intensity, type, time, and volume) of endocrine signaling molecules that might modulate BAT activity and/or WAT browning or through which BAT communicates with other tissues, during exercise. The exercise effect on BAT metabolism and/or WAT browning could be one of the still unknown mechanisms by which exercise exerts beneficial health effects, and it might be pharmacologically mimicked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mendez-Gutierrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Technology Centre for Functional Food Research and Development (CIDAF), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Concepcion M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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Wasserfurth P, Nebl J, Schuchardt JP, Müller M, Boßlau TK, Krüger K, Hahn A. Effects of Exercise Combined with a Healthy Diet or Calanus finmarchicus Oil Supplementation on Body Composition and Metabolic Markers-A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072139. [PMID: 32708396 PMCID: PMC7400904 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a progressive decline in muscle mass and an increase in fat mass, which are detrimental changes associated with the development of health conditions such as type-2 diabetes mellitus or chronic low-grade inflammation. Although both exercise as well as nutritional interventions are known to be beneficial in counteracting those age-related changes, data to which extent untrained elderly people may benefit is still sparse. Therefore, a randomized, controlled, 12-week interventional trial was conducted in which 134 healthy untrained participants (96 women and 38 men, age 59.4 ± 5.6 years, body mass index (BMI) 28.4 ± 5.8 kg/m2) were allocated to one of four study groups: (1) control group with no intervention (CON); (2) 2×/week aerobic and resistance training only (EX); (3) exercise routine combined with dietary counseling in accordance with the guidelines of the German Nutrition Society (EXDC); (4) exercise routine combined with intake of 2 g/day oil from Calanus finmarchicus (EXCO). Body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), as well as markers of glucose metabolism and blood lipids, were analyzed at the beginning and the end of the study. The highest decreases in body fat were observed within the EXCO group (−1.70 ± 2.45 kg, p < 0.001), and the EXDC (−1.41 ± 2.13 kg, p = 0.008) group. Markers of glucose metabolism and blood lipids remained unchanged in all groups. Taken together results of this pilot study suggest that a combination of moderate exercise and intake of oil from Calanus finmarchicus or a healthy diet may promote fat loss in elderly untrained overweight participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wasserfurth
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (P.W.); (J.N.); (J.P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Josefine Nebl
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (P.W.); (J.N.); (J.P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Jan Philipp Schuchardt
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (P.W.); (J.N.); (J.P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Mattea Müller
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (P.W.); (J.N.); (J.P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Tim Konstantin Boßlau
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (T.K.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (T.K.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (P.W.); (J.N.); (J.P.S.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-762-5093
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Gnad T, Navarro G, Lahesmaa M, Reverte-Salisa L, Copperi F, Cordomi A, Naumann J, Hochhäuser A, Haufs-Brusberg S, Wenzel D, Suhr F, Jespersen NZ, Scheele C, Tsvilovskyy V, Brinkmann C, Rittweger J, Dani C, Kranz M, Deuther-Conrad W, Eltzschig HK, Niemi T, Taittonen M, Brust P, Nuutila P, Pardo L, Fleischmann BK, Blüher M, Franco R, Bloch W, Virtanen KA, Pfeifer A. Adenosine/A2B Receptor Signaling Ameliorates the Effects of Aging and Counteracts Obesity. Cell Metab 2020; 32:56-70.e7. [PMID: 32589947 PMCID: PMC7437516 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The combination of aging populations with the obesity pandemic results in an alarming rise in non-communicable diseases. Here, we show that the enigmatic adenosine A2B receptor (A2B) is abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle (SKM) as well as brown adipose tissue (BAT) and might be targeted to counteract age-related muscle atrophy (sarcopenia) as well as obesity. Mice with SKM-specific deletion of A2B exhibited sarcopenia, diminished muscle strength, and reduced energy expenditure (EE), whereas pharmacological A2B activation counteracted these processes. Adipose tissue-specific ablation of A2B exacerbated age-related processes and reduced BAT EE, whereas A2B stimulation ameliorated obesity. In humans, A2B expression correlated with EE in SKM, BAT activity, and abundance of thermogenic adipocytes in white fat. Moreover, A2B agonist treatment increased EE from human adipocytes, myocytes, and muscle explants. Mechanistically, A2B forms heterodimers required for adenosine signaling. Overall, adenosine/A2B signaling links muscle and BAT and has both anti-aging and anti-obesity potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Gnad
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Minna Lahesmaa
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laia Reverte-Salisa
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Francesca Copperi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Arnau Cordomi
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer Naumann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Aileen Hochhäuser
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Saskia Haufs-Brusberg
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniela Wenzel
- Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany; Department of Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Frank Suhr
- Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Exercise Physiology Research Group, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Naja Zenius Jespersen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Scheele
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Brinkmann
- Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joern Rittweger
- Department of Muscle and Bone Metabolism, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Dani
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Mathias Kranz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tarja Niemi
- Department of Plastic and General Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markku Taittonen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter Brust
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Leonardo Pardo
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rafael Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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Picoli CDC, Gilio GR, Henriques F, Leal LG, Besson JC, Lopes MA, Franzói de Moraes SM, Hernandes L, Batista Junior ML, Peres SB. Resistance exercise training induces subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue browning in Swiss mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:66-74. [PMID: 32501777 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00742.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise training (AER) may promote several adaptations in white adipose tissue (WAT), including a phenotypic change known as browning. The present study aimed at assessing if resistance exercise training (RES) would be as efficient as AER in inducing a brown-like adipocyte reprogramming in WAT. Thirty Swiss male mice were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 animals each: 1) sedentary (SED), 2) AER, and 3) RES. After the adaptation training, an incremental test was performed at the beginning of each week to adjust training load. Mice were submitted to 8 wk of AER or RES. After the experimental period, inguinal and retroperitoneal WAT (iWAT and rpWAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were collected. The prescription of AER and RES was effective in increasing the performance of both groups. Also, RES presented a lower body weight than AER/SED. AER and RES reduced the area of iWAT and rpWAT adipocytes and the lipid area of BAT, induced an increase of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1), and increased the expression of selective genes of brown and beige phenotype in adipocytes after 8 wk. In general, we demonstrated here that AER and RES training similarly induced the browning of iWAT and rpWAT.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aerobic exercise training (AER) induces the browning of white adipose tissue, turning adipocytes multilocular, highly vascularized and expressing uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1). The current study compared the efficiency of resistance to aerobic exercise training to promote a brown-like phenotype. Our results suggest that both types of training similarly induce subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue browning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo Renan Gilio
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá-Paraná, Brazil.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Henriques
- Department of Integrated Biotechnology Group, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi-São Paulo, Brazil.,Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Luana Garcia Leal
- Department of Integrated Biotechnology Group, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi-São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean Carlos Besson
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá-Paraná, Brazil
| | - Magno Alves Lopes
- Department of Integrated Biotechnology Group, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi-São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luzmarina Hernandes
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá-Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Sidney Barnabé Peres
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá-Paraná, Brazil
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Colitti M, Montanari T. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor modulates mitochondrial dynamics and thermogenic phenotype on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Tissue Cell 2020; 66:101388. [PMID: 32933711 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing threat. In recent years, the finding of functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans implemented the studies of anti-obesity therapies based on triggering energy expenditure. The activation of BAT thermogenesis and the recruitment of brite (brown-in-white) adipocytes are under noradrenergic control. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), if centrally administered, enhances thermogenesis through sympathetic activation, but its direct effect on adipocytes is still unclear. The phenotypic change from fat storing to thermogenic adipocytes is recognized by the presence of multilocular lipid droplets (LDs) and fissed mitochondria that tend to surround LDs, maximizing the efficiency of fatty acid release for thermogenesis. BDNF treatment on differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes was compared to negative (CTRL) and positive (norepinephrine, NE) controls. BDNF significantly increased small globular mitochondria percentage (>150% CTRL), while the area surface and elongation index of branched tubules were respectively 55% and 10% lower than NE. Canonical discriminant analysis of mitochondria morphological data clearly separated differentially treated cells with 85% of the total variance. The expression of brown markers and mitochondrial dynamic genes was significantly affected by BDNF. Investigating the pathways involved in adipocyte BDNF stimulation could clarify its role in thermogenesis and its possible local regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Colitti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - T Montanari
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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42
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Kumar TR, Reusch JEB, Kohrt WM, Regensteiner JG. Sex Differences Across the Lifespan: A Focus on Cardiometabolism. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2020; 29:899-909. [PMID: 32423340 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Women's health and sex differences research remain understudied. In 2016, to address the topic of sex differences, the Center for Women' s Health Research (CWHR) at the University of Colorado (cwhr@ucdenver.edu) held its inaugural National Conference, "Sex Differences Across the Lifespan: A Focus on Metabolism" and published a report summarizing the presentations. Two years later, in 2018, CWHR organized the 2nd National Conference. The research presentations and discussions from the 2018 conference also addressed sex differences across the lifespan with a focus on cardiometabolism and expanded the focus by including circadian physiology and effects of sleep on cardiometabolic health. Over 100 participants, including basic scientists, clinicians, policymakers, advocacy group leaders, and federal agency leadership participated. The meeting proceedings reveal that although exciting advances in the area of sex differences have taken place, significant questions and gaps remain about women's health and sex differences in critical areas of health. Identifying these gaps and the subsequent research that will result may lead to important breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rajendra Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jane E B Reusch
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Veterans Administration Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Wendy M Kohrt
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Judith G Regensteiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Fraga A, Carreira MC, Gonzalez-Izquierdo A, Diéguez C, López M, Gutiérrez E. Temperature but not leptin prevents semi-starvation induced hyperactivity in rats: implications for anorexia nervosa treatment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5300. [PMID: 32210308 PMCID: PMC7093431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis linking hyperactivity with weight loss associated hypoleptinemia in anorexia nervosa gained momentum after a study showing that leptin suppressed semi-starvation induced hyperactivity in rats. Alternatively, ambient temperature is a key modulating factor of activity in semi-starved rats. The aim of the study is to compare the efficacy of leptin with increased ambient temperature in the prevention of hyperactivity in semi-starved rats. 74 Sprague-Dawley male rats were employed in two experiments with the difference residing in the length of baseline. After an extended (28 days), or shorter (14 days) baseline with free access to food and the running wheel, housed at 21 °C, animals were either ad-lib feed or food restricted (60% of food ingested during previous week) and infused with same amount of leptin at 21 °C, 25 °C, or vehicle at 21 °C, 25 °C and 32 °C for a week. Animals housed at 32 °C significantly reduced wheel running and weight loss during food restriction while animals given leptin did not yield no differences in activity or weight loss. Moreover, unlike animals housed at 32 °C, body temperature of leptin infused animals housed at 21 °C was significantly reduced during food restriction. Furthermore, leptin treated rats without a preceding stable pattern of activity displayed a severe dysregulation of circadian rhythm in activity and a collapse of body temperature. Housing temperature plays a more critical role than leptin in the regulation of semi-starvation induced hyperactivity in rats, which may be of relevance for the management of hyperactivity in anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Fraga
- Department Psicología Clínica y Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Santiago, Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marcos C Carreira
- Lab de Endocrinología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complej o Hospitalario de Santiago (CHUS), A Coruña, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Gonzalez-Izquierdo
- Lab de Endocrinología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complej o Hospitalario de Santiago (CHUS), A Coruña, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department Fisioloxía and Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department Fisioloxía and Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Emilio Gutiérrez
- Department Psicología Clínica y Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Santiago, Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. .,Unidad Venres Clínicos, Facultad de Psicología, Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Shamsi F, Xue R, Huang TL, Lundh M, Liu Y, Leiria LO, Lynes MD, Kempf E, Wang CH, Sugimoto S, Nigro P, Landgraf K, Schulz T, Li Y, Emanuelli B, Kothakota S, Williams LT, Jessen N, Pedersen SB, Böttcher Y, Blüher M, Körner A, Goodyear LJ, Mohammadi M, Kahn CR, Tseng YH. FGF6 and FGF9 regulate UCP1 expression independent of brown adipogenesis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1421. [PMID: 32184391 PMCID: PMC7078224 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) plays a central role in energy dissipation in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Using high-throughput library screening of secreted peptides, we identify two fibroblast growth factors (FGF), FGF6 and FGF9, as potent inducers of UCP1 expression in adipocytes and preadipocytes. Surprisingly, this occurs through a mechanism independent of adipogenesis and involves FGF receptor-3 (FGFR3), prostaglandin-E2 and interaction between estrogen receptor-related alpha, flightless-1 (FLII) and leucine-rich-repeat-(in FLII)-interacting-protein-1 as a regulatory complex for UCP1 transcription. Physiologically, FGF6/9 expression in adipose is upregulated by exercise and cold in mice, and FGF9/FGFR3 expression in human neck fat is significantly associated with UCP1 expression. Loss of FGF9 impairs BAT thermogenesis. In vivo administration of FGF9 increases UCP1 expression and thermogenic capacity. Thus, FGF6 and FGF9 are adipokines that can regulate UCP1 through a transcriptional network that is dissociated from brown adipogenesis, and act to modulate systemic energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Shamsi
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ruidan Xue
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Lian Huang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Morten Lundh
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Luiz O Leiria
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Matthew D Lynes
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Elena Kempf
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chih-Hao Wang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Satoru Sugimoto
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Pasquale Nigro
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tim Schulz
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Yiming Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Brice Emanuelli
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Niels Jessen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Böttcher
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus Universitetssykehus, Lørenskog, Norway
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Nephrology), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Moosa Mohammadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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45
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Yuan Y, Xu P, Jiang Q, Cai X, Wang T, Peng W, Sun J, Zhu C, Zhang C, Yue D, He Z, Yang J, Zeng Y, Du M, Zhang F, Ibrahimi L, Schaul S, Jiang Y, Wang J, Sun J, Wang Q, Liu L, Wang S, Wang L, Zhu X, Gao P, Xi Q, Yin C, Li F, Xu G, Zhang Y, Shu G. Exercise-induced α-ketoglutaric acid stimulates muscle hypertrophy and fat loss through OXGR1-dependent adrenal activation. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103304. [PMID: 32104923 PMCID: PMC7110140 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial effects of resistance exercise on metabolic health and particularly muscle hypertrophy and fat loss are well established, but the underlying chemical and physiological mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we identified a myometabolite‐mediated metabolic pathway that is essential for the beneficial metabolic effects of resistance exercise in mice. We showed that substantial accumulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate α‐ketoglutaric acid (AKG) is a metabolic signature of resistance exercise performance. Interestingly, human plasma AKG level is also negatively correlated with BMI. Pharmacological elevation of circulating AKG induces muscle hypertrophy, brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, and white adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis in vivo. We further found that AKG stimulates the adrenal release of adrenaline through 2‐oxoglutarate receptor 1 (OXGR1) expressed in adrenal glands. Finally, by using both loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function mouse models, we showed that OXGR1 is essential for AKG‐mediated exercise‐induced beneficial metabolic effects. These findings reveal an unappreciated mechanism for the salutary effects of resistance exercise, using AKG as a systemically derived molecule for adrenal stimulation of muscle hypertrophy and fat loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexian Yuan
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingcai Cai
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wentong Peng
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Sun
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canjun Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cha Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Yue
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui He
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxian Zeng
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man Du
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lucas Ibrahimi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Schaul
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoping Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Yin
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Li
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guli Xu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Brezinova M, Cajka T, Oseeva M, Stepan M, Dadova K, Rossmeislova L, Matous M, Siklova M, Rossmeisl M, Kuda O. Exercise training induces insulin-sensitizing PAHSAs in adipose tissue of elderly women. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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47
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Vidal P, Stanford KI. Exercise-Induced Adaptations to Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:270. [PMID: 32411099 PMCID: PMC7201000 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training results in beneficial adaptations to numerous tissues and offers protection against metabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Multiple studies have indicated that both white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissue may play an important role to mediate the beneficial effects of exercise. Studies from both rodents and humans have identified exercise-induced changes in WAT including increased mitochondrial activity and glucose uptake, an altered endocrine profile, and in rodents, a beiging of the WAT. Studies investigating the effects of exercise on BAT have resulted in conflicting data in terms of mitochondrial activity, glucose uptake, and thermogenic activity in rodents and humans, and remain an important area of investigation. This review discusses the exercise-induced adaptations to white and brown adipose tissue, distinguishing important differences between rodents and humans and highlighting the latest studies in the field and their implications.
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48
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Adipose Tissue Quality in Aging: How Structural and Functional Aspects of Adipose Tissue Impact Skeletal Muscle Quality. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112553. [PMID: 31652734 PMCID: PMC6893709 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle and the impact on mobility and aging remain enigmatic. The progressive decline in mobility promoted by aging has been previously attributed to the loss of skeletal mass and function and more recently linked to changes in body fat composition and quantity. Regardless of body size, visceral and intermuscular adipose depots increase with aging and are associated with adverse health outcomes. However, the quality of adipose tissue, in particular abdominal subcutaneous as it is the largest depot, likely plays a significant role in aging outcomes, such as mobility decline, though its communication with other tissues such as skeletal muscle. In this review, we discuss the age-associated development of a pro-inflammatory profile, cellular senescence, and metabolic inflexibility in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. Collectively, these facets of adipose tissue quality influence its secretory profile and crosstalk with skeletal muscle and likely contribute to the development of muscle atrophy and disability. Therefore, the identification of the key structural and functional components of adipose tissue quality—including necrosis, senescence, inflammation, self-renewal, metabolic flexibility—and adipose tissue-secreted proteins that influence mobility via direct effects on skeletal muscle are necessary to prevent morbidity/mortality in the aging population.
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Hernández-Saavedra D, Stanford KI. The Regulation of Lipokines by Environmental Factors. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2422. [PMID: 31614481 PMCID: PMC6835582 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a highly metabolically-active tissue that senses and secretes hormonal and lipid mediators that facilitate adaptations to metabolic tissues. In recent years, the role of lipokines, which are lipid species predominantly secreted from adipose tissue that act as hormonal regulators in many metabolic tissues, has been an important area of research for obesity and diabetes. Previous studies have identified that these secreted lipids, including palmitoleate, 12,13-diHOME, and fatty acid-hydroxy-fatty acids (FAHFA) species, are important regulators of metabolism. Moreover, environmental factors that directly affect the secretion of lipokines such as diet, exercise, and exposure to cold temperatures constitute attractive therapeutic strategies, but the mechanisms that regulate lipokine stimulation have not been thoroughly reviewed. In this study, we will discuss the chemical characteristics of lipokines that position them as attractive targets for chronic disease treatment and prevention and the emerging roles of lipokines as regulators of inter-tissue communication. We will define the target tissues of lipokines, and explore the ability of lipokines to prevent or delay the onset and development of chronic diseases. Comprehensive understanding of the lipokine synthesis and lipokine-driven regulation of metabolic outcomes is instrumental for developing novel preventative and therapeutic strategies that harness adipose tissue-derived lipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Hernández-Saavedra
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Ma EB, Sahar NE, Jeong M, Huh JY. Irisin Exerts Inhibitory Effect on Adipogenesis Through Regulation of Wnt Signaling. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1085. [PMID: 31507448 PMCID: PMC6714492 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine known to induce adipocyte browning through induction of uncoupling protein 1. Recent studies have reported that irisin is also an adipokine. However, there is limiting evidence on the role of endogenous irisin from adipocytes. In this study we aim to elucidate the expression and secretion pattern of irisin during adipocyte differentiation and the role of endogenous and exogenous irisin on the adipogenic process. As such, recombinant irisin, plasmid expressing FNDC5 and small interfering RNA were utilized. Our results show that the gene expression of irisin precursor FNDC5 and irisin secretion increases at the early stage of adipogenesis. Both recombinant irisin treated cells and FNDC5-overexpressed cells resulted in inhibition of adipogenesis evidenced by downregulated C/EBPα, PPARγ, and FABP4 expression and reduced lipid accumulation. Further data showed that the inhibitory effect of irisin on adipogenesis is mediated though potentiation of Wnt expression, which is known to determine the fate of mesenchymal stem cells and regulate adipogenesis. Conversely, FNDC5 knockdown cells showed downregulated Wnt expression, but failed to further induce adipogenesis. This study suggests that both exogenous and endogenous irisin is able to inhibit adipogenesis and that activation of Wnt and subsequent repression of transcription factors is partly involved in this process. This provides a novel insight on the local effect of irisin on adipocytes and additional benefit to protect against obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Bi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Namood E Sahar
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | | | - Joo Young Huh
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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