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Vinceti M, Urbano T, Filippini T, Bedin R, Simonini C, Sorarù G, Trojsi F, Michalke B, Mandrioli J. Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of Selenium Species Induced by Tofersen Administration in Subjects with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Carrying SOD1 Gene Mutations. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04311-4. [PMID: 39017978 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting the brain and spinal cord motor neurons. On 25 April 2023, the drug tofersen, an antisense oligonucleotide, received the US Food and Drug Administration approval for treating ALS in adults carrying mutations of the SOD1 gene. We aimed at assessing whether cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of selenium, an element of both toxicological and nutritional interest possibly involved in disease etiology and progression, are modified by tofersen administration. We determined concentrations of selenium species by anion exchange chromatography hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma-dynamic reaction cell-mass spectrometry and overall selenium by using inductively coupled plasma sector-field mass spectrometry, at baseline and 6 months after active tofersen treatment in ten Italian ALS patients carrying the SOD1 gene mutation. Concentrations of total selenium and many selenium species substantially increased after the intervention, particularly of inorganic (tetravalent and hexavalent) selenium and of the organic species selenomethionine and a compound co-eluting with the selenocystine standard. Overall, these findings suggest that tofersen treatment markedly alters selenium status and probably the redox status within the central nervous system, possibly due to a direct effect on neurons and/or the blood-brain barrier. Further studies are required to investigate the biological and clinical relevance of these findings and how they might relate to the pharmacological effects of the drug and to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vinceti
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Teresa Urbano
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roberta Bedin
- Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Cecilia Simonini
- Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Gianni Sorarù
- Department of Neurosciences, Neuromuscular Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Trojsi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy
- First Division of Neurology, University Hospital, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Mandrioli
- Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
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2
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Huang X, Li T, Yang SH, Zhu KD, Wang LS, Dong YL, Huang JQ. Hepatocyte-specific Selenoi deficiency predisposes mice to hepatic steatosis and obesity. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23717. [PMID: 38837270 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400575rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Selenoprotein I (Selenoi) is highly expressed in liver and plays a key role in lipid metabolism as a phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) synthase. However, the precise function of Selenoi in the liver remains elusive. In the study, we generated hepatocyte-specific Selenoi conditional knockout (cKO) mice on a high-fat diet to identify the physiological function of Selenoi. The cKO group exhibited a significant increase in body weight, with a 15.6% and 13.7% increase in fat accumulation in white adipose tissue (WAT) and the liver, respectively. Downregulation of the lipolysis-related protein (p-Hsl) and upregulation of the adipogenesis-related protein (Fasn) were observed in the liver of cKO mice. The cKO group also showed decreased oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and energy expenditure (p < .05). Moreover, various metabolites of the steroid hormone synthesis pathway were affected in the liver of cKO mice. A potential cascade of Selenoi-phosphatidylethanolamine-steroid hormone synthesis might serve as a core mechanism that links hepatocyte-specific Selenoi cKO to biochemical and molecular reactions. In conclusion, we revealed that Selenoi inhibits body fat accumulation and hepatic steatosis and elevates energy consumption; this protein could also be considered a therapeutic target for such related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kong-di Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lian-Shun Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu-Lan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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3
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Cai X, Hu Z, Zhang M, Dang Q, Yang Q, Zhao X, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Wei Y, Fang H, Yu H. Dosage-effect of selenium supplementation on blood glucose and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus and normal mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 83:127410. [PMID: 38377660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of selenium (Se) supplementation on glycemic control is disparate. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effects of different dosages of Se diets on the blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, db/db) and normal (db/m) mice. METHODS The db/db and db/m mice were fed with different dosages of Se supplemented diets (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.9, 2.7 mg/kg) for 12 weeks, respectively. Se concentrations of tissues, physical and biochemical characteristics, oxidative stress indexes and gene expression related to glucose, lipid metabolism and Se transporters of liver were detected. RESULTS The Se concentrations in tissues were related to the dosages of Se supplementation in db/db (blood: slope=11.69, r = 0.924; skeletal muscle: slope=0.36, r = 0.505; liver: slope=22.12, r = 0.828; kidney: slope=11.81, r = 0.736) and db/m mice (blood: slope=19.89, r = 0.876; skeletal muscle: slope=2.80, r = 0.883; liver: slope=44.75, r = 0.717; kidney: slope=60.15, r = 0.960). Compared with Se2.7 group, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of Se0.1 and Se0.3 group were decreased at week3 in db/db mice. Compared with control (Se0) group, the FBG levels of Se2.7 group were increased from week6 to week12 in db/m mice. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of Se0.3 group was lower than that of Se0.9 and Se2.7 group in db/m mice. Furthermore, compared with control group, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in skeletal muscle of Se0.1 group was decreased, while that of Se2.7 group was increased in db/db mice; the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in skeletal muscle of Se0.3, Se0.9 and Se2.7 group was increased both in db/db and db/m mice. For db/db mice, glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic (G6pc) expression of other groups were lower and fatty acid synthase (Fasn) expression of Se0.9 group were lower compared with Se0.3 group. For db/m mice, compared with Se0.3 group, (peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha) Pgc-1α expression of control and Se0.9 group were higher; (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1) Pck1 expression of Se0.1, Se0.9, and Se2.7 group were higher. CONCLUSION Low dosages (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) of Se supplementation exerted beneficial effects on FBG levels and glucose tolerance through regulating hepatic glycolysis and gluconeogenesis and inhibit the oxidative stress while high dosages of Se (0.9 and 2.7 mg/kg) supplementation enhanced FBG levels, impaired glucose tolerance and aggravate oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Cai
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Zhuo Hu
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, PR China
| | - Qinyu Dang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Qian Yang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yandi Zhu
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yadi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yuchen Wei
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Haiqin Fang
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, PR China.
| | - Huanling Yu
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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4
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Khalil DY, Hussein RH, El-Kholy WM. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Loaded with Selenium or Nano Selenium as a Novel Therapeutic Paradigm for Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes in Rats. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:253. [PMID: 38666865 PMCID: PMC11048049 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin insufficiency as a consequence of the pancreatic β-cells' auto-immune attack. Nowadays, the application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exs) as the main cell-free therapy for diabetes treatment is becoming more and more extensive. In non-autologous therapy, researchers are moving towards a new strategy based on loading MSC-Exs with certain drugs, aimed at maintaining and maximizing the function of exosomes at the function site and enhancing their efficiency and safety. This study aims to explore and compare the therapeutic potentialities of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exs) loaded with either selenium (Se) or nano selenium (NSe), a natural antioxidant micronutrient, in the management of T1DM in rats. In our 4-week experiment, six rat groups were included, namely, control, Ex+Se, Ex+NSe, STZ-diabetic (D), D+ Ex+Se, and D+Ex+NSe groups. Both diabetic-treated groups showed marked pancreatic regenerative antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic capacities, with the D+Ex+NSe injection showing superiority in managing diabetes hazards, as evidenced by various biochemical and histological assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dlovan Y. Khalil
- Virology Department, Central Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Sulaymaniyah 46012, Iraq
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Slaimani University, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq;
| | - Ridah H. Hussein
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Slaimani University, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq;
| | - Wafaa M. El-Kholy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura P.O. Box 11432, Egypt;
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Demircan K, Chillon TS, Bang J, Gladyshev VN, Schomburg L. Selenium, diabetes, and their intricate sex-specific relationship. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00066-3. [PMID: 38599899 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element, which is inserted as selenocysteine (Sec) into selenoproteins during biosynthesis, orchestrating their expression and activity. Se is associated with both beneficial and detrimental health effects; deficient supply or uncontrolled supplementation raises concerns. In particular, Se was associated with an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT). In this review, we discuss the intricate relationship between Se and diabetes and the limitations of the available clinical and experimental studies. Recent evidence points to sexual dimorphism and an association of Se deficiency with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We highlight the emerging evidence linking high Se status with improved prognosis in patients with T2D and lower risk of macrovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Demircan
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Max Rubner Center, Charité University Berlin, Germany
| | - Thilo Samson Chillon
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Max Rubner Center, Charité University Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeyoung Bang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Max Rubner Center, Charité University Berlin, Germany.
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Wang Q, Wang J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Han F, Xiang X, Guo Y, Huang ZW. Increased Expression of PHGDH Under High-Selenium Stress In Vivo. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04079-7. [PMID: 38277119 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the glycolytic remodeling under high-selenium (Se) stress. Three groups of male C57BL/6J mice were fed on diets with different Se contents (0.03, 0.15, and 0.30 mg Se/kg). Glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were measured at the third month. Mice were killed at the fourth month. Plasma, liver, and muscle tissues were fetched for biochemistry and Se analysis. The expressions of insulin signaling pathway (PI3K-AKT-mTOR), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), selenoprotein N (SELENON), 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), serine hydroxymethyltransferases 1 (SHMT1), 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), and methionine synthase (MS) were analyzed by western blotting (WB) in liver and muscle tissues. The results of GTT and ITT showed that glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were both abnormal in the 0.03 mg Se/kg and 0.3 mg Se/kg groups. Se concentrations in plasma, liver, and muscle of 0.03 mg Se/kg group were significantly lower than that of 0.15 mg Se/kg and 0.30 mg Se/kg groups (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The expressions of P-Akt (Thr-308) in muscle (p < 0.05) and PI3K and mTOR in liver (p < 0.001) of 0.30 mg Se/kg group were downregulated. The expressions of GPX1 in liver and muscle (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001), SELENON in muscle (p < 0.05), PHGDH in liver and muscle (p < 0.05), and SHMT1 (p < 0.05), MTHFR (p < 0.001), and MS (p < 0.001) in muscle of 0.3 mg Se/kg group were upregulated. The de novo serine synthesis pathway (SSP) was found to be activated in liver and muscle tissues of mice with a high-Se diet for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yiqun Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Feng Han
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xuesong Xiang
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanbin Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhen-Wu Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
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7
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Zhang D, Chen X, Huang K, Zheng Q, Fu Y, Ma J, Ren X, Xu B, Liu P, Liu J, Lu S. Urinary essential and toxic metal mixtures, and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Telomere shortening as an intermediary factor? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132329. [PMID: 37598517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The joint effect of metal mixtures on telomere function and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unclear. This large-scale cross-sectional study sought to assess the role of telomere length (TL) in the relationship between urinary essential and toxic metal mixtures, and T2DM in 7410 Chinese adults ≥ 60 years of age. Essential (Cr, Cu, Zn, Se) and non-essential metals (V, Al, Sb, Sn, Cd, Pb) in urine samples were quantified, while leukocyte TL was measured from blood samples. Restricted cubic splines regression showed nonlinear relationships between single metal and T2DM, and between TL and T2DM. Bayesian kernel machine regression and quantile-based g-computation showed that the overall status of urinary metals was positively associated with risk of developing T2DM, which was mainly explained by exposure to Pb, Cd, and Sb, excessive Se intake, and high excretion of Zn. Mediation analyses showed that shortened TL mediated 27.9% of the overall positive effect of metal exposure on T2DM, and this mediation was mainly explained by toxic metal exposure and excessive Se intake. Tobacco smoke exposure, extensive cooking at home, and black tea consumption were found to be important contributors of toxic metal exposures. Further studies are needed to explore the recommended Zn dosage for T2DM patients at different stages, which may ameliorate pancreatic senescence and glycemic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Food Inspection and Quarantine Center, Shenzhen Customs, Shenzhen, China
| | - Quanzhi Zheng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Community Health Service Management Center, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohu Ren
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Benhong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiyi Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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8
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Yu Q, Han F, Rombenso A, Qin JG, Chen L, Li E. Dietary selenium supplementation alleviates low salinity stress in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: growth, antioxidative capacity and hepatopancreas transcriptomic responses. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:933-943. [PMID: 36573369 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522004032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Se is an essential trace element associated with animal growth and antioxidant and metabolic processes. However, whether Se, especially organic Se with higher bioavailability, can alleviate the adverse effects of low salinity stress on marine economic crustacean species has not been investigated. Accordingly, juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were reared in two culture conditions (low and standard salinity) fed diets supplemented with increasing levels of l-selenomethionine (0·41, 0·84 and 1·14 mg/kg Se) for 56 d, resulting in four treatments: 0·41 mg/kg under standard seawater (salinity 31) and 0·41, 0·84 and 1·14 mg/kg Se under low salinity (salinity 3). The diet containing 0·84 mg/kg Se significantly improved the survival and weight gain of shrimp under low salinity stress and enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the hepatopancreas. The increased numbers of B and R cells may be a passive change in hepatopancreas histology in the 1·14 mg/kg Se group. Transcriptomic analysis found that l-selenomethionine was involved in the regulatory pathways of energy metabolism, retinol metabolism and steroid hormones. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 0·84 mg/kg Se (twice the recommended level) effectively alleviated the effects of low salinity stress on L. vannamei by regulating antioxidant capacity, hormone regulation and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuran Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan570228, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglu Han
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Artur Rombenso
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Livestock & Aquaculture Program, Bribie Island Research Centre, Bribie Island, QLD, Australia
| | - Jian G Qin
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Liqiao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Erchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan570228, People's Republic of China
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9
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Vatamaniuk MZ, Huang R, Zhao Z, Lei XG. SXRF for Studying the Distribution of Trace Metals in the Pancreas and Liver. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040846. [PMID: 37107221 PMCID: PMC10135242 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition metals such as iron, copper and zinc are required for the normal functioning of biological tissues, whereas others, such as cadmium, are potentially highly toxic. Any disturbances in homeostasis caused by lack of micronutrients in the diet, pollution or genetic heredity result in malfunction and/or diseases. Here, we used synchrotron X-ray fluorescence, SXRF, microscopy and mice with altered functions of major antioxidant enzymes to show that SXRF may become a powerful tool to study biologically relevant metal balance in the pancreas and liver of mice models with disturbed glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rong Huang
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Zeping Zhao
- Animal Science Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- Animal Science Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Bouazza A, Fontaine E, Leverve X, Koceir EA. Interference of altered plasma trace elements profile with hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stress damage to insulin secretion dysfunction in Psammomys obesus: focus on the selenium. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:505-518. [PMID: 33171059 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1839501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between altered plasma trace elements, particularly selenium (Se), with Hyper-homocysteinemia (HhCys) as a predictive factor of insulin secretion dysfunction. The study is carried out on adult Psammomys obesus, divided in 4 experimental groups: (I) Normoglycemic/Normoinsulinemic; (II) Normoglycemic/Hyperinsulinemic; (III) Hyperglycaemic/Hyperinsulinemic and (IV) Hyperglycaemic/Insulin deficiency with ketoacidosis. The data showed that a drastic depletion of Se plasma levels is positively correlated with HhCys (>15 µmol/L; p < .001), concomitantly with decreased GPx activity, GSH levels, and GSH/GSSG ratio in group IV both in plasma and liver. In contrast, SOD activity is increased (p ≤ .001) in group IV both in plasma and liver. However, plasma Cu and Mn levels increased, while plasma Zn levels decreased in group IV (p < .001). Our study confirms the increase of plasma hCys levels seemed to be a major contributing factor to antioxidant capacities and alters the availability of selenium metabolism by interference with homocysteine synthesis in the insulin secretion deficiency stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Bouazza
- Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism team, Laboratory of Biology and Organism Physiology, Biological Sciences faculty, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Eric Fontaine
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LBFA), INSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - Xavier Leverve
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LBFA), INSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - Elhadj-Ahmed Koceir
- Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism team, Laboratory of Biology and Organism Physiology, Biological Sciences faculty, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
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Flowers B, Bochnacka O, Poles A, Diamond AM, Kastrati I. Distinct Roles of SELENOF in Different Human Cancers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030486. [PMID: 36979420 PMCID: PMC10046285 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SELENOF, previously known as SEP15, is a selenoprotein that contains selenium in the form of the amino acid selenocysteine. Like other selenoproteins, the role for SELENOF in carcinogenesis has been investigated due to its altered expression compared to the corresponding normal tissue, its molecular function, and the association of genetic variations in the SELENOF gene to cancer risk or outcome. This review summarizes SELENOF’s discovery, structure, cellular localization, and expression. SELENOF belongs to a new family of thioredoxin-like proteins. Published data summarized here indicate a likely role for SELENOF in redox protein quality control, and in the regulation of lipids, glucose, and energy metabolism. Current evidence indicates that loss of SELENOF contributes to the development of prostate and breast cancer, while its loss may be protective against colon cancer. Additional investigation into SELENOF’s molecular mechanisms and its impact on cancer is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Flowers
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Oliwia Bochnacka
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Allison Poles
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Alan M. Diamond
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Irida Kastrati
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-708-327-3250
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Zambonino MC, Quizhpe EM, Mouheb L, Rahman A, Agathos SN, Dahoumane SA. Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles in Biomedical Sciences: Properties, Current Trends, Novel Opportunities and Emerging Challenges in Theranostic Nanomedicine. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:424. [PMID: 36770385 PMCID: PMC9921003 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an important dietary supplement and an essential trace element incorporated into selenoproteins with growth-modulating properties and cytotoxic mechanisms of action. However, different compounds of selenium usually possess a narrow nutritional or therapeutic window with a low degree of absorption and delicate safety margins, depending on the dose and the chemical form in which they are provided to the organism. Hence, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are emerging as a novel therapeutic and diagnostic platform with decreased toxicity and the capacity to enhance the biological properties of Se-based compounds. Consistent with the exciting possibilities offered by nanotechnology in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases, SeNPs are useful tools in current biomedical research with exceptional benefits as potential therapeutics, with enhanced bioavailability, improved targeting, and effectiveness against oxidative stress and inflammation-mediated disorders. In view of the need for developing eco-friendly, inexpensive, simple, and high-throughput biomedical agents that can also ally with theranostic purposes and exhibit negligible side effects, biogenic SeNPs are receiving special attention. The present manuscript aims to be a reference in its kind by providing the readership with a thorough and comprehensive review that emphasizes the current, yet expanding, possibilities offered by biogenic SeNPs in the biomedical field and the promise they hold among selenium-derived products to, eventually, elicit future developments. First, the present review recalls the physiological importance of selenium as an oligo-element and introduces the unique biological, physicochemical, optoelectronic, and catalytic properties of Se nanomaterials. Then, it addresses the significance of nanosizing on pharmacological activity (pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics) and cellular interactions of SeNPs. Importantly, it discusses in detail the role of biosynthesized SeNPs as innovative theranostic agents for personalized nanomedicine-based therapies. Finally, this review explores the role of biogenic SeNPs in the ongoing context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and presents key prospects in translational nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie C. Zambonino
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Ernesto Mateo Quizhpe
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Lynda Mouheb
- Laboratoire de Recherche de Chimie Appliquée et de Génie Chimique, Hasnaoua I, Université Mouloud Mammeri, BP 17 RP, Tizi-Ouzou 15000, Algeria
| | - Ashiqur Rahman
- Center for Midstream Management and Science, Lamar University, 211 Redbird Ln., Beaumont, TX 77710, USA
| | - Spiros N. Agathos
- Earth and Life Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Si Amar Dahoumane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18, Ave Antonine-Maillet, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
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13
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Deng X, Tan Y. A national cross-sectional analysis of selenium intake and risk of osteoarthritis: NHANES 2003-2016. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1047605. [PMID: 36699932 PMCID: PMC9869147 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1047605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between dietary selenium intake and arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and osteoarthritis (OA) is inconsistent in previous studies and remain unclear. To investigate their relationship, this study was performed. Methods Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2016) were downloaded and further analyzed. Dietary Se intake was classified according to quartiles with quartile 1 (Q1) having the lowest intake and quartile 4 (Q4) having the highest intake. Weighted logistic regression was used to investigate the association between dietary selenium intake and arthritis, RA, and OA. Subgroup analyses were performed to verify the findings. To further examine the non-linear relationship between dietary selenium intake and OA, restricted cubic spline (RCS) was adopted. Results In the crude model, the highest level of dietary selenium intake was siginificantly associated with decreased risks of arthritis (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.44) and rheumatoid arthritis (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.54), respectively. In the fully adjusted model, dietary selenium intake was not associated with risk of arthritis and RA (all P > 0.05). Conversely, the risk of OA was noted for participants with higher selenium intake (odds ratio of quartile 4 = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.07-1.65, P < 0.05). In the subgroup analyses, participants with diabetes had a higher risk of OA when ingested high selenium levels than those without diabetes (P < 0.001). The results of RCS showed that significant overall trends were found between dietary selenium intake and osteoarthritis (P for overall < 0.05). However, non-linear association was not detected in this association (P for non-linear > 0.05). Conclusion Using data from NHANES, this study discloses that high dietary selenium intake might be associated with risk of OA. However, the generalization of conclusion needs further examination because of the limitation of dietary questionnaire survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Deng
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongqiong Tan
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Yongqiong Tan ✉
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Golin A, Tinkov AA, Aschner M, Farina M, da Rocha JBT. Relationship between selenium status, selenoproteins and COVID-19 and other inflammatory diseases: A critical review. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 75:127099. [PMID: 36372013 PMCID: PMC9630303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant effects of selenium as a component of selenoproteins has been thought to modulate host immunity and viral pathogenesis. Accordingly, the association of low dietary selenium status with inflammatory and immunodeficiency has been reported in the literature; however, the causal role of selenium deficiency in chronic inflammatory diseases and viral infection is still undefined. The COVID-19, characterized by acute respiratory syndrome and caused by the novel coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, has infected millions of individuals worldwide since late 2019. The severity and mortality from COVID-19 have been associated with several factor, including age, sex and selenium deficiency. However, available data on selenium status and COVID-19 are limited, and a possible causative role for selenium deficiency in COVID-19 severity has yet to be fully addressed. In this context, we review the relationship between selenium, selenoproteins, COVID-19, immune and inflammatory responses, viral infection, and aging. Regardless of the role of selenium in immune and inflammatory responses, we emphasize that selenium supplementation should be indicated after a selenium deficiency be detected, particularly, in view of the critical role played by selenoproteins in human health. In addition, the levels of selenium should be monitored after the start of supplementation and discontinued as soon as normal levels are reached. Periodic assessment of selenium levels after supplementation is a critical issue to avoid over production of toxic metabolites of selenide because under normal conditions, selenoproteins attain saturated expression levels that limits their potential deleterious metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anieli Golin
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia; Institute of Bioelementology, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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15
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Huang YC, Combs GF, Wu TL, Zeng H, Cheng WH. Selenium status and type 2 diabetes risk. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 730:109400. [PMID: 36122760 PMCID: PMC9707339 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Optimal selenium (Se) status is necessary for overall health. That status can be affected by food intake pattern, age, sex, and health status. At nutritional levels of intake, Se functions metabolically as an essential constituent of some two dozen selenoproteins, most, if not all, of which have redox functions. Insufficient dietary intake of Se reduces, to varying degrees, the expression of these selenoproteins. Recent clinical and animal studies have indicated that both insufficient and excessive Se intakes may increase risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), perhaps by way of selenoprotein actions. In this review, we discuss the current evidence linking Se status and T2D risk, and the roles of 14 selenoproteins and other proteins involved in selenoprotein biosynthesis. Understanding such results can inform the setting of safe and adequate Se intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chen Huang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Gerald F Combs
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tung-Lung Wu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Huawei Zeng
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Wen-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
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16
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Zhao J, Zou H, Huo Y, Wei X, Li Y. Emerging roles of selenium on metabolism and type 2 diabetes. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1027629. [PMID: 36438755 PMCID: PMC9686347 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1027629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium is recognized as an essential element for human health and enters human body mainly via diet. Selenium is a key constituent in selenoproteins, which exert essential biological functions, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Several selenoproteins including glutathione peroxidases, selenoprotein P and selenoprotein S are known to play roles in the regulation of type 2 diabetes. Although there is a close association between certain selenoproteins with glucose metabolism or insulin resistance, the relationship between selenium and type 2 diabetes is complex and remains uncertain. Here we review recent advances in the field with an emphasis on roles of selenium on metabolism and type 2 diabetes. Understanding the association between selenium and type 2 diabetes is important for developing clinical practice guidelines, establishing and implementing effective public health policies, and ultimately combating relative health issues.
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Yan X, Zhao Z, Weaver J, Sun T, Yun JW, Roneker CA, Hu F, Doliba NM, McCormick CCW, Vatamaniuk MZ, Lei XG. Role and mechanism of REG2 depletion in insulin secretion augmented by glutathione peroxidase-1 overproduction. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102457. [PMID: 36063729 PMCID: PMC9463454 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a depletion of murine regenerating islet-derived protein 2 (REG2) in pancreatic islets of glutathione peroxidase-1 (Gpx1) overexpressing (OE) mice. The present study was to explore if and how the REG2 depletion contributed to an augmented glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in OE islets. After we verified a consistent depletion (90%, p < 0.05) of REG2 mRNA, transcript, and protein in OE islets compared with wild-type (WT) controls, we treated cultured and perifused OE islets (70 islets/sample) with REG2 (1 μg/ml or ml · min) and observed 30-40% (p < 0.05) inhibitions of GSIS by REG2. Subsequently, we obtained evidences of co-immunoprecipitation, cell surface ligand binding, and co-immunofluorescence for a ligand-receptor binding between REG2 and transmembrane, L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (CaV1.2) in beta TC3 cells. Mutating the C-type lectin binding domain of REG2 or deglycosylating CaV1.2 removed the inhibition of REG2 on GSIS and(or) the putative binding between the two proteins. Treating cultured OE and perifused WT islets with REG2 (1 μg/ml or ml · min) decreased (p < 0.05) Ca2+ influx triggered by glucose or KCl. An intraperitoneal (ip) injection of REG2 (2 μg/g) to OE mice (6-month old, n = 10) decreased their plasma insulin concentration (46%, p < 0.05) and elevated their plasma glucose concentration (25%, p < 0.05) over a 60 min period after glucose challenge (ip, 1 g/kg). In conclusion, our study identifies REG2 as a novel regulator of Ca2+ influx and insulin secretion, and reveals a new cascade of GPX1/REG2/CaV1.2 to explain how REG2 depletion in OE islets could decrease its binding to CaV1.2, resulting in uninhibited Ca2+ influx and augmented GSIS. These findings create new links to bridge redox biology, tissue regeneration, and insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yan
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Zeping Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jeremy Weaver
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jun-Won Yun
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Carol A Roneker
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Fenghua Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Nicolai M Doliba
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Marko Z Vatamaniuk
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Wang C, Ran R, Jin X, Zhu X. Plasma and vitreous selenium concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30877. [PMID: 36181067 PMCID: PMC9524938 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This work aimed to determine and compare plasma and vitreous selenium (Se) concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS A total of 60 type-2-diabetes patients including 20 without DR, 20 with non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and 20 with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), were involved in this study. Blood plasma samples were collected from above 60 patients and 20 normal controls (without diabetes). Twenty control vitreous samples were obtained from the eyes presenting a macular hole and epimacular membrane. Vitreous samples were also collected from PDR patients receiving one-week intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy or not. Plasma and vitreous Se concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS Plasma Se concentrations in PDR patients (163.74 ± 32.68 μg/L) were significantly higher than those in normal control patients (121.59 ± 28.33 μg/L), NPDR patients (130.34 ± 29.11 μg/L), and the patients without DR (81.23 ± 20.59 μg/L) (all P < .001). Similarly, Se concentrations in vitreous samples of PDR patients (56.30 ± 12.03 μg/L) were consistently higher than those in control vitreous samples (26.26 ± 6.53 μg/L). In addition, vitreous Se concentrations in PDR patients decreased to 47.76 ± 9.72 μg/L after intravitreal injection of the anti-VEGF drug ranibizumab for one week, which was significantly lower than those before injection (P = .02). Plasma VEGF levels of diabetic patients were lower than those of the normal controls (P < .001). On the contrary, the vitreous VEGF level in the PDR group (913.61 ± 193.32 pg/mL) was significantly higher than that of the normal control group (101.23 ± 21.33 pg/mL) (P < .001). CONCLUSION The elevation of Se concentrations may be an important risk factor in plasma and vitreous with diabetic retinopathy among type-2-diabetes patients. The elevated VEGF may be also closely related to the intraocular Se concentration in PDR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei Provence, PR China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Diseases, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei Provence, PR China
| | - Ruijin Ran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei Provence, PR China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Diseases, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei Provence, PR China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei Provence, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei Provence, PR China
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Shao R, Su L, Li L, Wu J, He X, Mao D, Cheng Y, Liu J, Chen C, Jin Y, Gao S. Higher selenium was associated with higher risk of diabetes: Consistent evidence from longitudinal and cross-sectional studies based on nail and serum selenium measures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156618. [PMID: 35691345 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the association between selenium (Se) and diabetes has been well-discussed in recent years, few studies have focused on the effects of long-term natural Se exposure and rarely concerned the effects of different Se biomarkers. To address this question, we carried out a 7-year longitudinal study on older adults aged over 65 and another cross-sectional study on middle-aged and older adults aged 40 and above from Chinese soil Se-deplete and Se-optimum areas. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the associations between nail Se levels and incidence risk of diabetes. Unconditional logistic regression models and analysis of variance models were used to examine the associations between serum Se levels and the prevalence risk of diabetes. The nail and serum Se levels were 0.47 ± 0.20 μg/g and 111.09 ± 55.01 μg/L for the two study populations, respectively. For both of the independent studies, higher Se levels were observed to be associated with a higher risk of diabetes and prediabetes. Compared with the Second nail Se quartile (Q2), the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) of diabetes for Q1, Q3 and Q4 were 1.24(0.70, 2.21), 1.53(0.98, 2.39) and 1.31(0.76, 2.26), respectively, and the adjusted HRs (95 % CIs) of prediabetes were 1.47(0.77, 2.81), 1.38(0.83, 2.30), and 1.97(1.13, 3.44), respectively. Compared with the first serum Se quintile (Q1), the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % CIs of diabetes for higher quintiles were 1.12(0.75, 1.66), 1.05(0.71, 1.57), 1.09(0.73, 1.62) and 1.51(1.02, 2.19), and the adjusted ORs (95 % CIs) of prediabetes were 1.27(0.77, 2.09), 1.70(1.05, 2.74), 1.94(1.21, 3.11) and 1.67(1.03, 2.71). Our findings consistently suggest that higher Se status is associated with a higher risk of diabetes in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranqi Shao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liqin Su
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Li Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinghuan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nan Wei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Xiaohong He
- Enshi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Enshi 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Deqian Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nan Wei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Yibin Cheng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chen Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yinlong Jin
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Sujuan Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-2872, USA
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Ren Z, Ding T, He H, Wei Z, Shi R, Deng J. Mechanism of selenomethionine inhibiting of PDCoV replication in LLC-PK1 cells based on STAT3/miR-125b-5p-1/HK2 signaling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:952852. [PMID: 36059492 PMCID: PMC9436478 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.952852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no licensed therapeutics or vaccines available against porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV) to eliminate its potential for congenital disease. In the absence of effective treatments, it has led to significant economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. Similar to the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, PDCoV is trans-species transmissible and there is still a large desert for scientific exploration. We have reported that selenomethionine (SeMet) has potent antiviral activity against PDCoV. Here, we systematically investigated the endogenous immune mechanism of SeMet and found that STAT3/miR-125b-5p-1/HK2 signalling is essential for the exertion of SeMet anti-PDCoV replication function. Meanwhile, HK2, a key rate-limiting enzyme of the glycolytic pathway, was able to control PDCoV replication in LLC-PK1 cells, suggesting a strategy for viruses to evade innate immunity using glucose metabolism pathways. Overall, based on the ability of selenomethionine to control PDCoV infection and transmission, we provide a molecular basis for the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyi He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhanyong Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhanyong Wei,
| | - Riyi Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Handy DE, Loscalzo J. The role of glutathione peroxidase-1 in health and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:146-161. [PMID: 35691509 PMCID: PMC9586416 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) is an important cellular antioxidant enzyme that is found in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of mammalian cells. Like most selenoenzymes, it has a single redox-sensitive selenocysteine amino acid that is important for the enzymatic reduction of hydrogen peroxide and soluble lipid hydroperoxides. Glutathione provides the source of reducing equivalents for its function. As an antioxidant enzyme, GPx1 modulates the balance between necessary and harmful levels of reactive oxygen species. In this review, we discuss how selenium availability and modifiers of selenocysteine incorporation alter GPx1 expression to promote disease states. We review the role of GPx1 in cardiovascular and metabolic health, provide examples of how GPx1 modulates stroke and provides neuroprotection, and consider how GPx1 may contribute to cancer risk. Overall, GPx1 is protective against the development and progression of many chronic diseases; however, there are some situations in which increased expression of GPx1 may promote cellular dysfunction and disease owing to its removal of essential reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E Handy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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22
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Li A, Zhou Q, Mei Y, Zhao J, Zhao M, Xu J, Ge X, Xu Q. Novel Strategies for Assessing Associations Between Selenium Biomarkers and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Concentration, Visit-to-Visit Variability, or Individual Mean? Evidence From a Repeated-Measures Study of Older Adults With High Selenium. Front Nutr 2022; 9:838613. [PMID: 35711534 PMCID: PMC9196882 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.838613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Previous studies have focused only on the cardiometabolic effects of selenium concentrations. We explored whether selenium levels and their visit-to-visit variability (VVV) and individual mean (IM) are independently associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods A three-wave repeated-measures study of older adults with high selenium (n = 201) was conducted in Beijing from 2016 to 2018. Whole blood selenium and urinary selenium concentrations were measured. VVV and IM were used to profile the homeostasis of the selenium biomarkers. Four indicators, namely standard deviation, coefficient of variation, average real variability, and variability independent of the mean, were employed to characterize VVV. We considered 13 cardiometabolic factors: four lipid profile indicators, three blood pressure indices, glucose, uric acid, waistline, hipline, waist-hip ratio, and sex-specific metabolic syndrome score. Linear mixed-effects regression models with random intercepts for the participants were employed to explore the associations of the selenium concentrations, VVV, and IM with the cardiometabolic factors. Results The geometric mean whole blood and urinary selenium levels were 134.30 and 18.00 μg/L, respectively. Selenium concentrations were significantly associated with numerous cardiometabolic factors. Specifically, whole blood selenium was positively associated with total cholesterol [0.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.12, 0.33], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; 0.28, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.42), glucose (0.22, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.34), and uric acid (0.16, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.28). After adjustment for VVV, the IM of whole blood selenium was positively correlated with total cholesterol (0.002, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.004), triglycerides (0.007, 95% CI: 0.004, 0.011), and LDL-C (0.002, 95% CI: 0.000, 0.004). However, we did not observe any robust associations between the VVV of the selenium biomarkers and cardiometabolic risk factors after adjustment for IM. Conclusion Our findings suggest that selenium concentrations and their IMs are significantly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors among older adults with high selenium. Longer repeated-measures studies among the general population are required to validate our findings and elucidate the relevant underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yayuan Mei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meiduo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Obesity Hinders the Protective Effect of Selenite Supplementation on Insulin Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050862. [PMID: 35624726 PMCID: PMC9138114 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The intake of high-fat diets (HFDs) containing large amounts of saturated long-chain fatty acids leads to obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. The trace element selenium, as a crucial part of antioxidative selenoproteins, can protect against the development of diet-induced insulin resistance in white adipose tissue (WAT) by increasing glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) and insulin receptor (IR) expression. Whether selenite (Se) can attenuate insulin resistance in established lipotoxic and obese conditions is unclear. We confirm that GPX3 mRNA expression in adipose tissue correlates with BMI in humans. Cultivating 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes in palmitate-containing medium followed by Se treatment attenuates insulin resistance with enhanced GPx3 and IR expression and adipocyte differentiation. However, feeding obese mice a selenium-enriched high-fat diet (SRHFD) only resulted in a modest increase in overall selenoprotein gene expression in WAT in mice with unaltered body weight development, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance. While Se supplementation improved adipocyte morphology, it did not alter WAT insulin sensitivity. However, mice fed a SRHFD exhibited increased insulin content in the pancreas. Overall, while selenite protects against palmitate-induced insulin resistance in vitro, obesity impedes the effect of selenite on insulin action and adipose tissue metabolism in vivo.
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24
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Zhang DG, Zhao T, Xu XJ, Xu YH, Wei XL, Jiang M, Luo Z. Selenoprotein F (SELENOF)-mediated AKT1-FOXO3a-PYGL axis contributes to selenium supranutrition-induced glycogenolysis and lipogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2022; 1865:194814. [PMID: 35439639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2022.194814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence showed that excess selenium (10.0-15.0-fold of adequate Se) intake caused severe hepatic lipid deposition in the vertebrate. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The study was performed to elucidate the mechanism of Se supranutrition mediated-changes of lipid deposition and metabolism. We found that dietary excessive Se addition increased hepatic TGs and glucose contents, up-regulated lipogenic enzyme activities and reduced hepatic glycogen contents. Transcriptomic and immunoblotting analysis showed that Se supranutrition significantly influenced serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1)-forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a)-PYGL signaling and protein levels of SELENOF. Knockdown of SELENOF and PYGL by RNA interference revealed that the AKT1-FOXO3a-PYGL axis was critical for Se supranutrition-induced lipid accumulation. Moreover, Se supranutrition-induced lipid accumulation was via the increased DNA binding capacity of FOXO3a to PYGL promoter, which increased glycogenolysis, and accordingly promoted lipogenesis and lipid accumulation. Our finding provides new insight into the mechanism of Se supranutrition-induced lipid accumulation and suggests that SELENOF may be a therapeutic target for Se supranutrition induced-lipid disorders in the vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Guang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi-Huan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Fish Nutrition and Feed Division, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China.
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25
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Tarhonska K, Raimondi S, Specchia C, Wieczorek E, Reszka E, Krol MB, Gromadzinska J, Wasowicz W, Socha K, Borawska MH, Jablonska E. Association of allelic combinations in selenoprotein and redox related genes with markers of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress - multimarkers analysis in a cross-sectional study. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 69:126873. [PMID: 34695782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium (Se) and selenoproteins have been shown to be involved in lipid metabolism mainly due to their ability to modulate redox homeostasis in adipose tissue. The underlying mechanisms are yet to be evaluated. In the light of few data related to the association between polymorphic variants of selenoprotein encoding genes and metabolic syndrome or obesity in humans, the role of selenoprotein polymorphisms in lipid metabolism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of allelic combination within selenoprotein and redox related genes on the markers of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. METHODS The study comprised 441 healthy individuals from Poland, in the 18-74 year age group. Allelic combinations were investigated within the polymorphic variants of four selenoprotein encoding genes (GPX1 rs1050450, GPX4 rs713041, SELENOP rs3877899 and SELENOF rs5859) and the redox related gene (SOD2 rs4880). The impact of the most common allelic GPX1-GPX4-SELENOP-SELENOF-SOD2 combinations was assessed on the following markers: triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), glutathione peroxidase activities (GPX1, GPX3), lipid peroxidation (as TBARS), ceruloplasmin (Cp) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). RESULTS Multivariable analysis revealed significant associations between three allelic combinations and markers of lipid metabolism, including HDL-C and TC/HDL-C ratio (AAAAa), LDL-C (aaAaa), and triglycerides (aaaaA), whereas two allelic combinations (aAaAA, aaaAA) were associated with GPX3 activity. CONCLUSION This study confirms the possible implication of selenoproteins in lipid metabolism and warrants further research on specific allele combinations within selenoprotein and redox related genes in order to identify functional genetic combinations linked to metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Tarhonska
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Istituto diRicovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy.
| | - Claudia Specchia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Edyta Wieczorek
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Edyta Reszka
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Beata Krol
- Department of Biological and Environmental Monitoring, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Gromadzinska
- Department of Biological and Environmental Monitoring, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Wasowicz
- Department of Biological and Environmental Monitoring, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Socha
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy With the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Maria Halina Borawska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy With the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Jablonska
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348, Lodz, Poland.
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Steinbrenner H, Duntas LH, Rayman MP. The role of selenium in type-2 diabetes mellitus and its metabolic comorbidities. Redox Biol 2022; 50:102236. [PMID: 35144052 PMCID: PMC8844812 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the role of the essential trace element, selenium, in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its metabolic co-morbidities, i.e., metabolic syndrome, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We refer to the dietary requirements of selenium and the key physiological roles of selenoproteins. We explore the dysregulated fuel metabolism in T2DM and its co-morbidities, emphasizing the relevance of inflammation and oxidative stress. We describe the epidemiology of observational and experimental studies of selenium in diabetes and related conditions, explaining that the interaction between selenium status and glucose control is not limited to hyperglycemia but extends to hypoglycemia. We propose that the association between high plasma/serum selenium and T2DM/fasting plasma glucose observed in many cross-sectional studies may rely on the upregulation of hepatic selenoprotein-P biosynthesis in conditions of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. While animal studies have revealed potential molecular mechanisms underlying adverse effects of severe selenium/selenoprotein excess and deficiency in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, their translational significance is rather limited. Importantly, dietary selenium supplementation does not appear to be a major causal factor for the development of T2DM in humans though we cannot currently exclude a small contribution of selenium on top of other risk factors, in particular if it is ingested at high (supranutritional) doses. Elevated selenium biomarkers that are often measured in T2DM patients are more likely to be a consequence, rather than a cause, of diabetes.
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Tretter V, Hochreiter B, Zach ML, Krenn K, Klein KU. Understanding Cellular Redox Homeostasis: A Challenge for Precision Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010106. [PMID: 35008532 PMCID: PMC8745322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms use a large repertoire of anabolic and catabolic reactions to maintain their physiological body functions, many of which include oxidation and reduction of substrates. The scientific field of redox biology tries to understand how redox homeostasis is regulated and maintained and which mechanisms are derailed in diverse pathological developments of diseases, where oxidative or reductive stress is an issue. The term “oxidative stress” is defined as an imbalance between the generation of oxidants and the local antioxidative defense. Key mediators of oxidative stress are reactive species derived from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur that are signal factors at physiological concentrations but can damage cellular macromolecules when they accumulate. However, therapeutical targeting of oxidative stress in disease has proven more difficult than previously expected. Major reasons for this are the very delicate cellular redox systems that differ in the subcellular compartments with regard to their concentrations and depending on the physiological or pathological status of cells and organelles (i.e., circadian rhythm, cell cycle, metabolic need, disease stadium). As reactive species are used as signaling molecules, non-targeted broad-spectrum antioxidants in many cases will fail their therapeutic aim. Precision medicine is called to remedy the situation.
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Tsuji PA, Santesmasses D, Lee BJ, Gladyshev VN, Hatfield DL. Historical Roles of Selenium and Selenoproteins in Health and Development: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010005. [PMID: 35008430 PMCID: PMC8744743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is a fascinating element that has a long history, most of which documents it as a deleterious element to health. In more recent years, selenium has been found to be an essential element in the diet of humans, all other mammals, and many other life forms. It has many health benefits that include, for example, roles in preventing heart disease and certain forms of cancer, slowing AIDS progression in HIV patients, supporting male reproduction, inhibiting viral expression, and boosting the immune system, and it also plays essential roles in mammalian development. Elucidating the molecular biology of selenium over the past 40 years generated an entirely new field of science which encompassed the many novel features of selenium. These features were (1) how this element makes its way into protein as the 21st amino acid in the genetic code, selenocysteine (Sec); (2) the vast amount of machinery dedicated to synthesizing Sec uniquely on its tRNA; (3) the incorporation of Sec into protein; and (4) the roles of the resulting Sec-containing proteins (selenoproteins) in health and development. One of the research areas receiving the most attention regarding selenium in health has been its role in cancer prevention, but further research has also exposed the role of this element as a facilitator of various maladies, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra A. Tsuji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, 8000 York Rd., Towson, MD 21252, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Didac Santesmasses
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (D.S.); (V.N.G.)
| | - Byeong J. Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (D.S.); (V.N.G.)
| | - Dolph L. Hatfield
- Scientist Emeritus, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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Hydroxy Selenomethionine Improves Meat Quality through Optimal Skeletal Metabolism and Functions of Selenoproteins of Pigs under Chronic Heat Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101558. [PMID: 34679693 PMCID: PMC8533020 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heat stress (CHS) induces metabolic changes in skeletal muscle from growth to maintenance that jeopardizes growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of pigs. We investigated the protective effect of dietary organic selenium (hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid, OH-SeMet) on CHS-induced skeletal muscle damages of growing pigs, and the corresponding responses of selenoproteins. A total of 40 ((Landrace ×Yorkshire) × Duroc) pigs with an average live weight of 49.64 ± 2.48 kg were used in this 4-week trial. Pigs were randomly allotted to 5 groups: The control group was raised on a basal diet in a thermoneutral environment (22 ± 2 °C); and four CHS groups were raised on a basal diet and supplemented with Se 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/kg as OH-SeMet, respectively, in hyperthermal condition (33 ± 2 °C). CHS resulted in significant decrease of growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality, which were associated with reduced (p < 0.05) serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and increased (p < 0.05) serum creatine (CK), sarcous heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), glucokinase (GCK), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Meanwhile, four metabolism-related genes and seven selenoprotein encoding genes were abnormally expressed in skeletal muscle. Dietary OH-SeMet addition partially alleviated the negative impact of CHS on carcass traits and improved meat quality. These improvements were accompanied by the increase in Se deposition, the anti-oxidative capacity of serum and muscle, and protein abundance of GPX1, GPX3, GPX4, and SELENOP. Supplementation with 0.6 mg Se/kg (OH-SeMet) restored the sarcous PEPCK, and 0.4 and 0.6 mg Se/kg (OH-SeMet) restored all abnormally expressed metabolism-related and selenoprotein encoding genes. In summary, dietary supplementation with OH-SeMet beyond Se requirement mitigated CHS-induced depression of carcass traits and meat quality of pigs associated with optimal skeletal metabolism, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and regulation of selenoproteins in skeletal muscle of pigs.
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Handy DE, Joseph J, Loscalzo J. Selenium, a Micronutrient That Modulates Cardiovascular Health via Redox Enzymology. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093238. [PMID: 34579115 PMCID: PMC8471878 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a trace nutrient that promotes human health through its incorporation into selenoproteins in the form of the redox-active amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). There are 25 selenoproteins in humans, and many of them play essential roles in the protection against oxidative stress. Selenoproteins, such as glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, play an important role in the reduction of hydrogen and lipid hydroperoxides, and regulate the redox status of Cys in proteins. Emerging evidence suggests a role for endoplasmic reticulum selenoproteins, such as selenoproteins K, S, and T, in mediating redox homeostasis, protein modifications, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Selenoprotein P, which functions as a carrier of Se to tissues, also participates in regulating cellular reactive oxygen species. Cellular reactive oxygen species are essential for regulating cell growth and proliferation, protein folding, and normal mitochondrial function, but their excess causes cell damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, and promotes inflammatory responses. Experimental evidence indicates a role for individual selenoproteins in cardiovascular diseases, primarily by modulating the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species. This review examines the roles that selenoproteins play in regulating vascular and cardiac function in health and disease, highlighting their antioxidant and redox actions in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E. Handy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.J.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-525-4845
| | - Jacob Joseph
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.J.); (J.L.)
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.J.); (J.L.)
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Carmean CM, Mimoto M, Landeche M, Ruiz D, Chellan B, Zhao L, Schulz MC, Dumitrescu AM, Sargis RM. Dietary Selenium Deficiency Partially Mimics the Metabolic Effects of Arsenic. Nutrients 2021; 13:2894. [PMID: 34445052 PMCID: PMC8398803 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic arsenic exposure via drinking water is associated with diabetes in human pop-ulations throughout the world. Arsenic is believed to exert its diabetogenic effects via multiple mechanisms, including alterations to insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. In the past, acute arsenicosis has been thought to be partially treatable with selenium supplementation, though a potential interaction between selenium and arsenic had not been evaluated under longer-term exposure models. The purpose of the present study was to explore whether selenium status may augment arsenic's effects during chronic arsenic exposure. To test this possibility, mice were exposed to arsenic in their drinking water and provided ad libitum access to either a diet replete with selenium (Control) or deficient in selenium (SelD). Arsenic significantly improved glucose tolerance and decreased insulin secretion and β-cell function in vivo. Dietary selenium deficiency resulted in similar effects on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion, with significant interactions between arsenic and dietary conditions in select insulin-related parameters. The findings of this study highlight the complexity of arsenic's metabolic effects and suggest that selenium deficiency may interact with arsenic exposure on β-cell-related physiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Carmean
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (C.M.C.); (M.L.); (B.C.); (L.Z.); (M.C.S.)
- Chicago Center for Health and Environment (CACHET), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mizuho Mimoto
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (M.M.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Michael Landeche
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (C.M.C.); (M.L.); (B.C.); (L.Z.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Daniel Ruiz
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Bijoy Chellan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (C.M.C.); (M.L.); (B.C.); (L.Z.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Lidan Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (C.M.C.); (M.L.); (B.C.); (L.Z.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Margaret C. Schulz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (C.M.C.); (M.L.); (B.C.); (L.Z.); (M.C.S.)
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alexandra M. Dumitrescu
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (M.M.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Robert M. Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (C.M.C.); (M.L.); (B.C.); (L.Z.); (M.C.S.)
- Chicago Center for Health and Environment (CACHET), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Tan PY, Mitra SR. Dietary copper and selenium are associated with insulin resistance in overweight and obese Malaysian adults. Nutr Res 2021; 93:38-47. [PMID: 34358885 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Imbalance in or inadequate intake of micronutrients may impair insulin synthesis, secretion, and its signaling pathways. This study aimed to investigate the associations between dietary copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) with insulin resistance (IR), in overweight/obese adults. We hypothesized that dietary Cu and Se are non-linearly associated with IR. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 128 non-diabetic overweight and obese Malaysian adults aged ≥18 years with a body mass index ≥23kg/m2. Dietary intake was assessed using food frequency questionnaire. IR was defined using a homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) threshold of ≥1.7. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) regression was performed to detect non-linearity and piecewise regression models were computed to examine the trend of associations at different cut off points. In this study, 45% (n = 57) of the study participants were found to be insulin resistant. A U-shaped non-linear relation between Se and HOMA-IR was observed. Three-piecewise regression models revealed positive association between Se and HOMA-IR in individuals with relatively low (<0.3 µg/kg/day) and high (≥1.01 µg/kg/day) intake of Se (β-coefficient= 3.835, CI = -12.216-19.886, P = .614; and β-coefficient = 0.785, CI = 0.386-1.185, P = .014, respectively). Significant positive association was only found between dietary Cu and HOMA-IR with intake of Cu ≥13.4 µg/kg/day, 0.276 (CI = 0.025-0.526; P = .033). In conclusion, our findings reveal that a critical balance in the dietary intake of copper and selenium is crucial for health, much more in insulin resistant and diabetic individuals. In the latter, treatment should include measured intake of both copper and selenium, personalized according to individual habitual food preferences and intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yee Tan
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Soma Roy Mitra
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Chen LL, Huang JQ, Wu YY, Chen LB, Li SP, Zhang X, Wu S, Ren FZ, Lei XG. Loss of Selenov predisposes mice to extra fat accumulation and attenuated energy expenditure. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102048. [PMID: 34167027 PMCID: PMC8227834 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein V (SELENOV) is a new and the least conserved member of the selenoprotein family. Herein we generated Selenov knockout (KO) mice to determine its in vivo function. The KO led to 16-19% increases (P < 0.05) in body weight that were largely due to 54% higher (P < 0.05) fat mass accumulation, compared with the wild-type (WT) controls. The extra fat accumulation in the KO mice was mediated by up-regulations of genes and proteins involved in lipogenesis (Acc, Fas, Dgat, and Lpl; up by 40%-1.1-fold) and down-regulations of lipolysis (Atgl, Hsl, Ces1d, and Cpt1a; down by 36-89%) in the adipose tissues. The KO also decreased (P < 0.05) VO2 consumption (14-21%), VCO2 production (14-16%), and energy expenditure (14-23%), compared with the WT controls. SELENOV and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) exhibited a novel protein-protein interaction that explained the KO-induced decreases (P < 0.05) of OGT protein (15-29%), activity (33%), and function (O-GlcNAcylation, 10-21%) in the adipose tissues. A potential cascade of SELENOV-OGT-AMP-activated protein kinase might serve as a central mechanism to link the biochemical and molecular responses to the KO. Overall, our data revealed a novel in vivo function and mechanism of SELENOV as a new inhibitor of body fat accumulation, activator of energy expenditure, regulator of O-GlcNAcylation, and therapeutic target of such related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Li Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liang-Bing Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Life Science and Agriculture Department, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, 466001, China
| | - Shu-Ping Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Sen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fa-Zheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xin-Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Kilonzo VW, Sasuclark AR, Torres DJ, Coyle C, Pilat JM, Williams CS, Pitts MW. Juvenile Selenium Deficiency Impairs Cognition, Sensorimotor Gating, and Energy Homeostasis in Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:667587. [PMID: 34026810 PMCID: PMC8138326 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.667587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient of critical importance to mammalian life. Its biological effects are primarily mediated via co-translational incorporation into selenoproteins, as the unique amino acid, selenocysteine. These proteins play fundamental roles in redox signaling and includes the glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxin reductases. Environmental distribution of Se varies considerably worldwide, with concomitant effects on Se status in humans and animals. Dietary Se intake within a narrow range optimizes the activity of Se-dependent antioxidant enzymes, whereas both Se-deficiency and Se-excess can adversely impact health. Se-deficiency affects a significant proportion of the world's population, with hypothyroidism, cardiomyopathy, reduced immunity, and impaired cognition being common symptoms. Although relatively less prevalent, Se-excess can also have detrimental consequences and has been implicated in promoting both metabolic and neurodegenerative disease in humans. Herein, we sought to comprehensively assess the developmental effects of both Se-deficiency and Se-excess on a battery of neurobehavioral and metabolic tests in mice. Se-deficiency elicited deficits in cognition, altered sensorimotor gating, and increased adiposity, while Se-excess was surprisingly beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor W. Kilonzo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Alexandru R. Sasuclark
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Daniel J. Torres
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Celine Coyle
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Pilat
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Christopher S. Williams
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Matthew W. Pitts
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
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Huang YC, Wu TL, Zeng H, Cheng WH. Dietary Selenium Requirement for the Prevention of Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance in Middle-Aged Mice. J Nutr 2021; 151:1894-1900. [PMID: 33830273 PMCID: PMC8502482 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although dietary selenium (Se) deficiency or excess induces type 2 diabetes-like symptoms in mice, suboptimal body Se status usually causes no symptoms but may promote age-related decline in overall health. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the dietary Se requirement for protection against type 2 diabetes-like symptoms in mice. METHODS Thirty mature (aged 4 mo) male C57BL/6J mice were fed a Se-deficient torula yeast AIN-93M diet supplemented with Na2SeO4 in graded concentrations totaling 0.01 (basal), 0.04, 0.07, 0.10, and 0.13 (control) mg Se/kg for 4 mo (n = 6) until they were middle-aged (8 mo). Droplets of whole blood were used to determine glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in the mice from ages 5 to 8 mo. Postmortem serum, liver, and skeletal muscle were collected to assay for selenoprotein expression and markers of glucose metabolism. Data were analyzed by 1-way ANCOVA with or without random effects for time-repeated measurements using live mice or postmortem samples, respectively. RESULTS Compared with control, the consumption of basal diet increased (P < 0.05) fasting serum insulin (95% CI: 52%, 182%) and leptin (95% CI: 103%, 118%) concentrations in middle-aged mice. Dietary Se insufficiency decreased (P < 0.05) 1) glucose tolerance (13-79%) and insulin sensitivity (15-65%) at ≤0.10 mg Se/kg; 2) baseline thymoma viral proto-oncogene phosphorylation on S473 (27-54%) and T308 (22-46%) at ≤0.10 and ≤0.07 mg Se/kg, respectively, in the muscle but not the liver; and 3) serum glutathione peroxidase 3 (51-83%), liver and muscle glutathione peroxidase 1 (32-84%), serum and liver selenoprotein P (28-42%), and liver and muscle selenoprotein H (39-48%) and selenoprotein W (16-73%) protein concentrations at ≤0.04, ≤0.10, ≤0.07, and ≤0.10 mg Se/kg, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Mice fed diets containing ≤0.10 mg Se/kg display impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, suggesting increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes by suboptimal Se status at levels ≤23% of nutritional needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chen Huang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Tung-Lung Wu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Huawei Zeng
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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Nogueira CW, Barbosa NV, Rocha JBT. Toxicology and pharmacology of synthetic organoselenium compounds: an update. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1179-1226. [PMID: 33792762 PMCID: PMC8012418 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we addressed the pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic organoselenium compounds and some naturally occurring organoselenium amino acids. The use of selenium as a tool in organic synthesis and as a pharmacological agent goes back to the middle of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries. The rediscovery of ebselen and its investigation in clinical trials have motivated the search for new organoselenium molecules with pharmacological properties. Although ebselen and diselenides have some overlapping pharmacological properties, their molecular targets are not identical. However, they have similar anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, possibly, via activation of transcription factors, regulating the expression of antioxidant genes. In short, our knowledge about the pharmacological properties of simple organoselenium compounds is still elusive. However, contrary to our early expectations that they could imitate selenoproteins, organoselenium compounds seem to have non-specific modulatory activation of antioxidant pathways and specific inhibitory effects in some thiol-containing proteins. The thiol-oxidizing properties of organoselenium compounds are considered the molecular basis of their chronic toxicity; however, the acute use of organoselenium compounds as inhibitors of specific thiol-containing enzymes can be of therapeutic significance. In summary, the outcomes of the clinical trials of ebselen as a mimetic of lithium or as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 proteases will be important to the field of organoselenium synthesis. The development of computational techniques that could predict rational modifications in the structure of organoselenium compounds to increase their specificity is required to construct a library of thiol-modifying agents with selectivity toward specific target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina W Nogueira
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica E Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Nilda V Barbosa
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica E Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - João B T Rocha
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica E Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil.
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Joseph J, Giczewska A, Alhanti B, Cheema AK, Handy DE, Mann DL, Loscalzo J, Givertz MM. Associations of methyl donor and methylation inhibitor levels during anti-oxidant therapy in heart failure. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:295-304. [PMID: 33595776 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Redox balance and methylation are crucial to homeostasis and are linked by the methionine-homocysteine cycle. We examined whether differences in methylation potential, measured as plasma levels of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) and S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAH), occur at baseline and during anti-oxidant therapy with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. We analyzed plasma samples collected at baseline and 24 weeks in the Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition for Hyperuricemic Heart Failure Patients (EXACT-HF) study, which randomized patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction to allopurinol or placebo. Associations between plasma levels of SAM, SAH, SAM/SAH ratio, and outcomes, including laboratory markers and clinical events, were assessed. Despite randomization, median SAM levels were significantly lower at baseline in the allopurinol group. SAH levels at 24 weeks, and change in SAM from baseline to week 24, were significantly higher in the group of patients randomized to allopurinol compared to the placebo group. A significant correlation was observed between change in SAH levels and change in plasma uric acid (baseline to 24-week changes) in the allopurinol group. There were no significant associations between levels of SAM, SAH, and SAM/SAH ratio and clinical outcomes. Our results demonstrate significant biological variability in SAM and SAH levels at baseline and during treatment with an anti-oxidant and suggest a potential mechanism for the lack of efficacy observed in trials of anti-oxidant therapy. These data also highlight the need to explore personalized therapy for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Joseph
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Diane E Handy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas L Mann
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael M Givertz
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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tRNA Biology in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes: Role of Genetic and Environmental Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020496. [PMID: 33419045 PMCID: PMC7825315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global rise in type 2 diabetes results from a combination of genetic predisposition with environmental assaults that negatively affect insulin action in peripheral tissues and impair pancreatic β-cell function and survival. Nongenetic heritability of metabolic traits may be an important contributor to the diabetes epidemic. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules that play a crucial role in protein synthesis. tRNAs also have noncanonical functions through which they control a variety of biological processes. Genetic and environmental effects on tRNAs have emerged as novel contributors to the pathogenesis of diabetes. Indeed, altered tRNA aminoacylation, modification, and fragmentation are associated with β-cell failure, obesity, and insulin resistance. Moreover, diet-induced tRNA fragments have been linked with intergenerational inheritance of metabolic traits. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of how perturbations in tRNA biology play a role in the pathogenesis of monogenic and type 2 diabetes.
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Li S, Zhao Q, Zhang K, Sun W, Li J, Guo X, Yin J, Zhang J, Tang C. Selenium Deficiency-Induced Pancreatic Pathology Is Associated with Oxidative Stress and Energy Metabolism Disequilibrium. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:154-165. [PMID: 32314143 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that plays a crucial role in development and physiological processes. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Se deficiency on pancreatic pathology and the potential mechanism in pigs. Twenty-four castrated male Yorkshire pigs were divided into two groups and fed a Se-deficient diet (0.007 mg Se/kg) or a Se-adequate diet (0.3 mg Se/kg) for 16 weeks. The serum concentrations of insulin and glucagon, Se concentration, histologic characteristics, apoptotic status, antioxidant activity, free radical content, and major metabolite concentrations were analyzed. The results showed that Se deficiency reduced the concentrations of insulin and glucagon in the serum and of Se in pancreas, decreased the number of islets and cells in the local islets, and induced pancreatic apoptosis. Se deficiency caused a redox imbalance, which led to an increase in the content of free radicals and decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Of 147 targeted metabolites judged to be present in pancreas, only hypotaurine and D-glucuronic acid had differential concentrations with the false discovery rate < 0.05. Pathway analysis using metabolites with differential expression (unadjusted P < 0.05, fold change > 1.4 or < 0.67) found that 8 glycolytic metabolites were significantly increased by Se-deficient, whereas most of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway metabolites were not significantly changed. Our studies indicated that Se deficiency-induced pancreatic pathology was associated with oxidative stress and enhanced activity of glycolysis, which may provide gaining insight into the actions of Se as a diabetogenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Wongdokmai R, Shantavasinkul PC, Chanprasertyothin S, Panpunuan P, Matchariyakul D, Sritara P, Sirivarasai J. The Involvement of Selenium in Type 2 Diabetes Development Related to Obesity and Low Grade Inflammation. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1669-1680. [PMID: 33883916 PMCID: PMC8055366 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s303146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of the micronutrient selenium have been proposed in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that involve impairments in glucose metabolic pathways and the insulin signaling cascade, mediated through oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the evidence collected to date through animal and epidemiologic studies has been inconclusive. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the relationships of selenium status and inflammation with T2DM and obesity. METHODS Participants in the re-survey of the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT)2 study conducted in 2013 (N=655, age 45-60 years) were allocated to three groups based on their body mass index (World Health Organization Asia-Pacific Classification), and their serum selenium and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations and other clinical parameters were compared. RESULTS Significant differences in serum selenium and hs-CRP among the groups were associated with differences in fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin, as well as differences in the prevalence of prediabetes or T2DM. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals) for prediabetes or diabetes were 1.991 (1.318-3.009) and 3.786 (2.087-6.896) for the lowest and highest tertiles of serum selenium concentration in the entire sample and obese participants, respectively. Furthermore, the rising extent of hs-CRP increased the significantly associated with prediabetes or diabetes (adjusted ORs; 2.268 for the entire sample, 4.043 for the overweight and 1.910 for the obesity). CONCLUSION Selenium status may be linked to both obesity and T2DM through its effects on signaling pathways. Further nutrigenomic studies are required to clarify the relationship between selenium and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossukon Wongdokmai
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Pachara Panpunuan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Piyamitr Sritara
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jintana Sirivarasai
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Correspondence: Jintana Sirivarasai Graduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama 6 Road, Ratchatavee District, Bangkok, 10400, ThailandTel +662-201-1483Fax +662-201-2625 Email
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41
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Poloczek J, Kazura W, Kwaśnicka E, Gumprecht J, Jochem J, Stygar D. Effects of Bariatric Surgeries on Fetuin-A, Selenoprotein P, Angiopoietin-Like Protein 6, and Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Concentration. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:5527107. [PMID: 34414240 PMCID: PMC8369187 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5527107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a civilization disease representing a global health problem. Excessive body weight significantly reduces the quality of life. It is also associated with the leading causes of death, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and numerous types of cancer. The mainstay of therapy is a dietary treatment. However, in morbidly obese patients, dietary treatment is often insufficient. In these patients, the most effective procedure is bariatric surgery, but it is still difficult to predict its outcome and metabolic changes. Hepatokines are proteins secreted by hepatocytes. Many of them, including fetuin-A, selenoprotein P, angiopoietin-like protein 6, and fibroblast growth factor 21, have been linked to metabolic dysfunctions. In this context, hepatokines may prove helpful. This review investigates the possible changes in hepatokine profiles after selected bariatric surgery protocols. In this regard, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the most studied type of surgery. The overall analysis of published research identified fetuin-A as a potential marker of metabolic alternations in patients after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Poloczek
- Department of Rehabilitation, 3rd Specialist Hospital in Rybnik, 44-200 Rybnik, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kazura
- Doctoral School of Medical University of Silesia, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Ewa Kwaśnicka
- Pediatric Ward, Municipal Hospital in Żory, 44-240 Żory, Poland
| | - Janusz Gumprecht
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jerzy Jochem
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dominika Stygar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
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42
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Zachariah M, Maamoun H, Milano L, Rayman MP, Meira LB, Agouni A. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress drive endothelial dysfunction induced by high selenium. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4348-4359. [PMID: 33241572 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element important for human health. A balanced intake is, however, crucial to maximize the health benefits of selenium. At physiological concentrations, selenium mediates antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pro-survival actions. However, supra-nutritional selenium intake was associated with increased diabetes risk leading potentially to endothelial dysfunction, the initiating step in atherosclerosis. High selenium causes apoptosis in cancer cells via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a mechanism also implicated in endothelial dysfunction. Nonetheless, whether ER stress drives selenium-induced endothelial dysfunction, remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of increasing concentrations of selenium on endothelial cells. High selenite reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and impaired angiogenesis. High selenite also induced ER stress, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptosis. Pretreatment with the chemical chaperone, 4-phenylbutyrate, prevented the toxic effects of selenium. Our findings support a model where high selenite leads to endothelial dysfunction through activation of ER stress and increased ROS production. These results highlight the importance of tailoring selenium supplementation to achieve maximal health benefits and suggest that prophylactic use of selenium supplements as antioxidants may entail risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matshediso Zachariah
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Hatem Maamoun
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Larissa Milano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Margaret P Rayman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Lisiane B Meira
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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43
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Chellan B, Zhao L, Landeche M, Carmean CM, Dumitrescu AM, Sargis RM. Selenocysteine insertion sequence binding protein 2 (Sbp2) in the sex-specific regulation of selenoprotein gene expression in mouse pancreatic islets. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18568. [PMID: 33122797 PMCID: PMC7596060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoproteins are a group of selenocysteine-containing proteins with major roles in cellular antioxidant defense and thyroid hormone metabolism. Selenoprotein expression is determined by hierarchical mechanisms that result in tissue-specific levels. Current data inadequately explain the abundance of various selenoproteins under normal and pathological conditions, including in pancreatic β-cells. Selenocysteine insertion sequence binding protein 2 (SBP2) is a critical protein in selenoprotein translation that also plays an essential role in stabilizing selenoprotein transcripts by antagonizing nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Importantly, dysfunctional SBP2 is associated with endocrine disorders in humans. Here we describe the impact of induced Sbp2 deficiency in pancreatic β-cells on selenoprotein transcript profiles in the pancreatic islets of C57BL/6J mice. Sex differences were noted in control mice, in which female islets showed 5 selenoproteins decreased and one increased versus male islets. Induced Sbp2 deficiency in pancreatic β-cells altered expression of only 3 selenoprotein transcripts in male islets, whereas 14 transcripts were reduced in female islets. In all cases, decreased transcription was observed in genes known to be regulated by NMD. The differential impact of Sbp2 deletion on selenoprotein transcription between sexes suggests sex-specific hierarchical mechanisms of selenoprotein expression that may influence islet biology and consequentially metabolic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chellan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Suite E625; M/C 640, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - L Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Suite E625; M/C 640, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - M Landeche
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Suite E625; M/C 640, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - C M Carmean
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Suite E625; M/C 640, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - A M Dumitrescu
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R M Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Suite E625; M/C 640, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- ChicAgo Center for Health and EnvironmenT (CACHET), Chicago, IL, USA.
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44
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Association between dietary antioxidants and risk for diabetic retinopathy in a Chinese population. Eye (Lond) 2020; 35:1977-1984. [PMID: 33009517 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-01208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is related to oxidative stress and insufficient intake of dietary antioxidants may be associated with the onset and progression of DR. This study aimed to detect the association between main dietary antioxidants intake and the risk for DR. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of a Chinese urban population. Four hundred and fifty-five subjects with type 2 diabetes were recruited and divided into diabetic patients without retinopathy (DWR) group and DR group based on their retinal status. CSMO (clinically significant macular oedema) was diagnosed by stereoscopic photography. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics were ascertained by questionnaire. General physical and ophthalmic examinations were completed for all subjects. Dietary antioxidants were assessed by 3-day food records. Subjects who have taken any type of vitamin supplements were excluded from the study. The association of dietary antioxidants with the risk for DR was analysed by logistic regression with adjustment of other factors. The dietary antioxidants levels of the CSMO subjects and non-CSMO subjects were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS One hundred and nineteen subjects in DR group and 336 subjects in DWR group participated in the study. Only ten DR subjects had CSMO. The results showed that higher vitamin E (OR (95% CI):0.97 (0.95, 1.00), P = 0.036) and selenium (OR (95% CI):0.98 (0.96, 1.00), P = 0.017) intake appear to be the protective factors of DR. The dietary antioxidants levels of CSMO and non-CSMO subjects had no statistical differences (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dietary antioxidants intake, particularly vitamin E and selenium, were observed to have protective effects on DR.
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Zheng X, Ren B, Li X, Yan H, Xie Q, Liu H, Zhou J, Tian J, Huang K. Selenoprotein F knockout leads to glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in mice. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:1009-1022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01821-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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46
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Hauffe R, Stein V, Chudoba C, Flore T, Rath M, Ritter K, Schell M, Wardelmann K, Deubel S, Kopp JF, Schwarz M, Kappert K, Blüher M, Schwerdtle T, Kipp AP, Kleinridders A. GPx3 dysregulation impacts adipose tissue insulin receptor expression and sensitivity. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136283. [PMID: 32369454 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor signaling is crucial for white adipose tissue (WAT) function. Consequently, lack of insulin receptor (IR) in WAT results in a diabetes-like phenotype. Yet, causes for IR downregulation in WAT of patients with diabetes are not well understood. By using multiple mouse models of obesity and insulin resistance, we identify a common downregulation of IR with a reduction of mRNA expression of selenoproteins Txnrd3, Sephs2, and Gpx3 in gonadal adipose tissue. Consistently, GPX3 is also decreased in adipose tissue of insulin-resistant and obese patients. Inducing Gpx3 expression via selenite treatment enhances IR expression via activation of the transcription factor Sp1 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and improves adipocyte differentiation and function. Feeding mice a selenium-enriched high-fat diet alleviates diet-induced insulin resistance with increased insulin sensitivity, decreased tissue inflammation, and elevated IR expression in WAT. Again, IR expression correlated positively with Gpx3 expression, a phenotype that is also conserved in humans. Consequently, decreasing GPx3 using siRNA technique reduced IR expression and insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Overall, our data identify GPx3 as a potentially novel regulator of IR expression and insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hauffe
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Stein
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chantal Chudoba
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tanina Flore
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Rath
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Ritter
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mareike Schell
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Wardelmann
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Deubel
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Johannes Florian Kopp
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,DFG-Research Group #2558 TraceAGE Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Schwarz
- DFG-Research Group #2558 TraceAGE Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Kai Kappert
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,DFG-Research Group #2558 TraceAGE Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
| | - Anna P Kipp
- DFG-Research Group #2558 TraceAGE Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - André Kleinridders
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Molecular and Experimental Nutritional Medicine, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
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Ojeda ML, Nogales F, Serrano A, Murillo ML, Carreras O. Selenoproteins and renal programming in metabolic syndrome-exposed rat offspring. Food Funct 2020; 11:3904-3915. [PMID: 32342074 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00264j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Maternal metabolic syndrome (MS) during gestation and lactation leads to several cardiometabolic changes related to selenium (Se) status and selenoprotein expression in offspring. However, little is known about kidney programming and antioxidant selenoprotein status in MS pups. To gain more knowledge on this subject, two experimental groups of dam rats were used: Control (Se: 0.1 ppm) and MS (fructose 65% and Se: 0.1 ppm). At the end of lactation, Se deposits in kidneys, selenoprotein expression (GPx1, GPx3, GPx4 and selenoprotein P), oxidative balance and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and activated transcriptional factor NF-κB expression were measured. Kidney functional parameters, albuminuria, creatinine clearance, aldosteronemia, and water and electrolyte balance, were also evaluated. One week later systolic blood pressure was measured. Lipid peroxidation takes place in the kidneys of MS pups and Se, selenoproteins and NF-κB expression increased, while AMPK activation decreased. MS pups have albuminuria and low creatinine clearance which implies glomerular renal impairment with protein loss. They also present hypernatremia and hyperaldosteronemia, together with a high renal Na+ reabsorption, leading to a hypertensive status, which was detected in these animals one week later. Since these alterations seem to be related, at least in part, to oxidative stress, the increase in Se and selenoproteins found in the kidneys of these pups seems to be beneficial, avoiding a higher lipid oxidation. However, in order to analyze the possible global beneficial role of Se in kidneys during MS exposure, more data are necessary to document the relationships between GPx4 and NF-κB, and SelP and AMPK in kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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Selenium and Selenoproteins in Adipose Tissue Physiology and Obesity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040658. [PMID: 32344656 PMCID: PMC7225961 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) homeostasis is tightly related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, but its possible roles in obesity development and in adipocyte metabolism are unclear. The objective of the present study is to review the current data on Se status in obesity and to discuss the interference between Se and selenoprotein metabolism in adipocyte physiology and obesity pathogenesis. The overview and meta-analysis of the studies on blood Se and selenoprotein P (SELENOP) levels, as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in obese subjects, have yielded heterogenous and even conflicting results. Laboratory studies demonstrate that Se may modulate preadipocyte proliferation and adipogenic differentiation, and also interfere with insulin signaling, and regulate lipolysis. Knockout models have demonstrated that the selenoprotein machinery, including endoplasmic reticulum-resident selenoproteins together with GPXs and thioredoxin reductases (TXNRDs), are tightly related to adipocyte development and functioning. In conclusion, Se and selenoproteins appear to play an essential role in adipose tissue physiology, although human data are inconsistent. Taken together, these findings do not support the utility of Se supplementation to prevent or alleviate obesity in humans. Further human and laboratory studies are required to elucidate associations between Se metabolism and obesity.
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Zheng X, Ren B, Wang H, Huang R, Zhou J, Liu H, Tian J, Huang K. Hepatic proteomic analysis of selenoprotein F knockout mice by iTRAQ: An implication for the roles of selenoprotein F in metabolism and diseases. J Proteomics 2020; 215:103653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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50
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Silvestrini A, Mordente A, Martino G, Bruno C, Vergani E, Meucci E, Mancini A. The Role of Selenium in Oxidative Stress and in Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome (NTIS): An Overview. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:423-449. [PMID: 29421998 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180201111159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is a trace element, nutritionally classified as an essential micronutrient, involved in maintaining the correct function of several enzymes incorporating the selenocysteine residue, namely the selenoproteins. The human selenoproteome including 25 proteins is extensively described here. The most relevant selenoproteins, including glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxin reductases and iodothyronine deiodinases are required for the proper cellular redox homeostasis as well as for the correct thyroid function, thus preventing oxidative stress and related diseases. This review summarizes the main advances on oxidative stress with a focus on selenium metabolism and transport. Moreover, thyroid-related disorders are discussed, considering that the thyroid gland contains the highest selenium amount per gram of tissue, also for future possible therapeutic implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Silvestrini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Largo F. Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Alvaro Mordente
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Largo F. Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli 1, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Carmine Bruno
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli 1, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vergani
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli 1, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Meucci
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Largo F. Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Antonio Mancini
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli 1, Rome, 00168, Italy
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