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Cao Y, Araki M, Nakagawa Y, Deisen L, Lundsgaard A, Kanta JM, Holm S, Johann K, Brings Jacobsen JC, Jähnert M, Schürmann A, Kiens B, Clemmensen C, Shimano H, Fritzen AM, Kleinert M. Dietary medium-chain fatty acids reduce hepatic fat accumulation via activation of a CREBH-FGF21 axis. Mol Metab 2024; 87:101991. [PMID: 39019116 PMCID: PMC11327439 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), characterized by chain lengths of 8-12 carbon atoms, have been proposed to have beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We hypothesized that MCFA intake benefits metabolic health by inducing the release of hormone-like factors. METHODS The effects of chow diet, high-fat diet rich in long-chain fatty acids (LCFA HFD) fed ad libitum or pair-fed to a high-fat diet rich in MCFA (MCFA HFD) on glycemia, hepatic gene expression, circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and liver fat content in both wildtype and Fgf21 knockout mice were investigated. The impact of a single oral dose of an MCFA-rich oil on circulating FGF21 and hepatic Fgf21 mRNA expression was assessed. In flag-tagged Crebh knockin mice and liver-specific Crebh knockout mice, fed LCFA HFD or MCFA HFD, active hepatic CREBH and hepatic Fgf21 mRNA abundance were determined, respectively. RESULTS MCFA HFD improves glucose tolerance, enhances glucose clearance into brown adipose tissue, and prevents high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in wildtype mice. These benefits are associated with increased liver expression of CREBH target genes (Apoa4 and Apoc2), including Fgf21. Both acute and chronic intake of dietary MCFAs elevate circulating FGF21. Augmented hepatic Fgf21 mRNA following MCFA HFD intake is accompanied by higher levels of active hepatic CREBH; and MCFA-induced hepatic Fgf21 expression is blocked in mice lacking Crebh. Notably, while feeding male and female Fgf21 wildtype mice MCFA HFD results in reduced liver triacylglycerol (TG) levels, this liver TG-lowering effect is blunted in Fgf21 knockout mice fed MCFA HFD. The reduction in liver TG levels observed with MCFA HFD was independent of weight loss. CONCLUSIONS Dietary MCFAs reduce liver fat accumulation via activation of a CREBH-FGF21 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cao
- Department of Molecular Physiology of Exercise and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Masaya Araki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Division of Complex Biosystem Research, Department of Research and Development, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nakagawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Division of Complex Biosystem Research, Department of Research and Development, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Luisa Deisen
- Department of Molecular Physiology of Exercise and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annemarie Lundsgaard
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josephine M Kanta
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephanie Holm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kornelia Johann
- Department of Molecular Physiology of Exercise and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jens Christian Brings Jacobsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Markus Jähnert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), 14558 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), 14558 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Nutrition Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany; Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, The Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and The University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bente Kiens
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
| | - Andreas M Fritzen
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- Department of Molecular Physiology of Exercise and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Nutrition Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.
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Annevelink CE, Sapp PA, Petersen KS, Shearer GC, Kris-Etherton PM. Diet-derived and diet-related endogenously produced palmitic acid: Effects on metabolic regulation and cardiovascular disease risk. J Clin Lipidol 2023; 17:577-586. [PMID: 37666689 PMCID: PMC10822025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Palmitic acid is the predominant dietary saturated fatty acid (SFA) in the US diet. Plasma palmitic acid is derived from dietary fat and also endogenously from de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and lipolysis. DNL is affected by excess energy intake resulting in overweight and obesity, and the macronutrient profile of the diet. A low-fat diet (higher carbohydrate and/or protein) promotes palmitic acid synthesis in adipocytes and the liver. A high-fat diet is another source of palmitic acid that is taken up by adipose tissue, liver, heart and skeletal muscle via lipolytic mechanisms. Moreover, overweight/obesity and accompanying insulin resistance increase non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) production. Palmitic acid may affect cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk via mechanisms beyond increasing low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), notably synthesis of ceramides and possibly through branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) from palmitic acid. Ceramides are positively associated with incident CVD, whereas the role of FAHFAs is uncertain. Given the new evidence about dietary regulation of palmitic acid metabolism there is interest in learning more about how diet modulates circulating palmitic acid concentrations and, hence, potentially CVD risk. This is important because of the heightened interest in low carbohydrate (carbohydrate controlled) and high carbohydrate (low-fat) diets coupled with the ongoing overweight/obesity epidemic, all of which can increase plasma palmitic acid levels by different mechanisms. Consequently, learning more about palmitic acid biochemistry, trafficking and how its metabolites affect CVD risk will inform future dietary guidance to further lower the burden of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen E Annevelink
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Philip A Sapp
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kristina S Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Greg C Shearer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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3
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Li LJ, Du R, Ouidir M, Lu R, Chen Z, Weir NL, Tsai MY, Albert PS, Zhang C. Early Pregnancy Maternal Plasma Phospholipid Saturated Fatty Acids and Fetal Growth: Findings from a Multi-Racial/Ethnic Birth Cohort in US. Nutrients 2023; 15:3287. [PMID: 37571228 PMCID: PMC10420908 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) during pregnancy are associated with disrupted metabolic programming among offspring at birth and later growth. We examined plasma phospholipid SFAs in early pregnancy and fetal growth throughout pregnancy. We enrolled 321 pregnant women from the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton Cohort at gestational weeks 8-13. Ultrasonogram schedules were randomly assigned to capture weekly fetal growth. We measured plasma phospholipid SFAs at early pregnancy using blood samples and modeled fetal growth trajectories across tertiles of SFAs with cubic splines using linear mixed models after full adjustment. We then compared pairwise weekly fetal growth biometrics referencing the lowest tertile in each SFA using the Wald test. We found that even-chain and very long even-chain SFAs were inversely associated, whereas odd-chain SFAs were positively associated with fetal weight and size. Compared with the lowest tertile, the highest tertile of pentadecanoic acid (15:0) had a greater fetal weight and size, starting from week 13 until late pregnancy (at week 39: 3429.89 vs. 3269.08 g for estimated fetal weight; 328.14 vs. 323.00 mm for head circumference). Our findings could inspire future interventions using an alternative high-fat diet rich in odd-chain SFAs for optimal fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Jun Li
- Department of O&G, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore;
- Global Centre for Asian Women’s Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- NUS Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity and Equality (ARCLE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Human Potential Translation Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Ruochen Du
- Biostatics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore;
| | - Marion Ouidir
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble Aples University, Site Santé, Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France;
| | - Ruijin Lu
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Zhen Chen
- Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Natalie L. Weir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (N.L.W.); (M.Y.T.)
| | - Michael Y. Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (N.L.W.); (M.Y.T.)
| | - Paul S. Albert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Department of O&G, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore;
- Global Centre for Asian Women’s Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- NUS Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity and Equality (ARCLE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Human Potential Translation Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
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Wu Q, Shi D, Dong T, Zhang Z, Ou Q, Fang Y, Zhang C. Serum Saturated Fatty Acids including Very Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids and Colorectal Cancer Risk among Chinese Population. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081917. [PMID: 37111137 PMCID: PMC10141165 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs) including very long-chain SFAs (VLCSFAs) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk has not been clearly established. To investigate the association between serum SFAs and CRC risk in Chinese population, 680 CRC cases and 680 sex and age-matched (5-year interval) controls were recruited in our study. Serum levels of SFAs were detected by gas chromatography. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between serum SFAs and CRC risk. Results showed that total SFAs were positively associated with the risk of CRC (adjusted OR quartile 4 vs. 1 = 2.64, 95%CI: 1.47-4.74). However, VLCSFAs were inversely associated with CRC risk (adjusted OR quartile 4 vs. 1 = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.36-0.72). Specifically, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid, and arachidic acid were positively associated with CRC risk, while behenic acid and lignoceric acid were inversely associated with CRC risk. This study indicates that higher levels of total serum SFAs and lower levels of serum VLCSFAs were associated with an increased risk of CRC in Chinese population. To reduce the risk of CRC, we recommend reducing the intake of foods containing palmitic acid and heptadecanoic acid such as animal products and dairy products, and moderately increasing the intake of foods containing VLCSFAs such as peanuts and canola oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dandan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ting Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhuolin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qingjian Ou
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yujing Fang
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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5
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Bajahzer MF, Rosqvist F, Fridén M, Iggman D, Pingel R, Marklund M, Risérus U. Contrasting Carbohydrate Quantity and Quality and the Effects on Plasma Saturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2023; 153:683-690. [PMID: 36797136 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether moderate differences in dietary carbohydrate quantity and quality influence plasma FAs in the lipogenic pathway in healthy adults. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of different carbohydrate quantities and quality on plasma palmitate concentrations (primary outcome) and other saturated and MUFAs in the lipogenic pathway. METHODS Twenty healthy participants were randomly assigned, and 18 (50% women; age: 22-72 y; BMI: 18.2-32.7 kg/m2 and BMI was measured in kg/m2) started the cross-over intervention. During each 3-wk period (separated by a 1-wk washout period), 3 diets were consumed (all foods provided) in random order: low-carbohydrate (LC) (38% energy (E) carbohydrates, 25-35 g fiber/d, 0% E added sugars); high-carbohydrate/high-fiber (HCF) (53% E carbohydrates, 25-35 g fiber/d, 0% E added sugars); and high-carbohydrate/high-sugar (HCS) (53% E carbohydrates, 19-21 g fiber/d, 15% E added sugars). Individual FAs were measured proportionally to total FAs by GC in plasma cholesteryl esters, phospholipids, and TGs. False discovery rate-adjusted repeated measures ANOVA [ANOVA-false discovery rate (FDR)] was used to compare outcomes. RESULTS The self-reported intakes of carbohydrates and added- and free sugars were; 30.6% E and 7.4% E in LC, 41.4% E and 6.9% E in HCF, and 45.7% E and 10.3% in HCS. Plasma palmitate did not differ between the diet periods (ANOVA FDR P > 0.43, n = 18). After HCS, myristate concentrations in cholesterol esters and phospholipids were ≥19% higher than LC and ≥22% higher than HCF (P = 0.005). After LC, palmitoleate in TG was 6% lower compared with HCF and 7% compared with HCS (P = 0.041). Body weight differed (≤0.75 kg) between diets before FDR correction. CONCLUSIONS Different carbohydrate quantity and quality do not influence plasma palmitate concentrations after 3 wk in healthy Swedish adults, whereas myristate increased after the moderately higher intake of carbohydrate/high-sugar, but not carbohydrate/high-fiber. Whether plasma myristate is more responsive than palmitate to differences in carbohydrate intake requires further study, especially considering that participants deviated from the planned dietary targets. J Nutr 20XX;xx:xx-xx. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03295448.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed F Bajahzer
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Fridén
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Iggman
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ronnie Pingel
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matti Marklund
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydeny, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Lai KZH, Yehia NA, Semnani-Azad Z, Mejia SB, Boucher BA, Malik V, Bazinet RP, Hanley AJ. Lifestyle Factors Associated with Circulating Very Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids in Humans: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:99-114. [PMID: 36811597 PMCID: PMC10102996 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent observational studies have documented inverse associations of circulating very long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLCSFAs), namely arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0), and lignoceric acid (24:0), with cardiometabolic outcomes. In addition to their endogenous production, it has been suggested that dietary intake or an overall healthier lifestyle may influence VLCSFA concentrations; however, a systematic review of the modifiable lifestyle contributors to circulating VLCSFAs is lacking. Therefore, this review aimed to systematically assess the effects of diet, physical activity, and smoking on circulating VLCSFAs. Following registration on PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) (ID: CRD42021233550), a systematic search of observational studies was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and The Cochrane databases up to February 2022. A total of 12 studies consisting of mostly cross-sectional analyses were included in this review. The majority of the studies documented the associations of dietary intake with total plasma or red blood cell VLCSFAs, in which a range of macronutrients and food groups were examined. Two cross-sectional analyses showed a consistent positive association between total fat and peanut intake with 22:0 and 24:0 and an inverse association between alcohol intake and 20:0 and 22:0. Furthermore, a moderate positive association between physical activity and 22:0 and 24:0 was observed. Lastly, there were conflicting results on the effects of smoking on VLCSFA. Although most studies had a low risk of bias; the findings of this review are limited by the bi-variate analyses presented in the majority of the included studies, therefore, the impact of confounding is unclear. In conclusion, although the current observational literature examining lifestyle determinants of VLCSFAs is limited, existing evidence suggests that circulating 22:0 and 24:0 may be influenced by higher total and saturated fat consumption and nut intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Zhi Hua Lai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nagam A Yehia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhila Semnani-Azad
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beatrice A Boucher
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vasanti Malik
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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7
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Bajahzer MF, Bruun JM, Rosqvist F, Marklund M, Richelsen B, Risérus U. Effects of sugar-sweetened soda on plasma saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in individuals with obesity: A randomized study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:936828. [PMID: 36118751 PMCID: PMC9470948 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.936828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High carbohydrate, i.e., sugars, intake potentially drives the liver into a lipogenic state leading to elevated plasma fatty acids. Excessive intake of saturated fat and sugar-sweetened soda induces liver fat accumulation, but studying the effect of high intake from sugar-sweetened soda on the de novo lipogenesis (DNL) fatty acids in long-term randomized trials is lacking. Objective To study the effect of consuming 1 L/day of sugar-sweetened soda, semi-skimmed milk (milk), aspartame-sweetened soda or water over 24 weeks on DNL-derived fatty acids (i.e., palmitate (primary outcome) and other saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids), and markers of stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity (SCD1) in plasma phospholipids (PL), cholesteryl esters (CE), and triglycerides (TG). Design and methods A randomized parallel study was conducted simultaneously at Aarhus University Hospital and Copenhagen University, Denmark, including (n = 41) individuals aged 20–50 years, with BMI of 26–40 kg/m2, and without diabetes. The groups consisted of 9 individuals in the sugar-sweetened soda, 10 in the milk, 11 in the aspartame-sweetened soda, and 11 in the water. The change at 24 weeks was assessed and compared across the groups using ANCOVA and mixed-effects models. Correlations of fatty acid changes with liver fat accumulation (magnetic resonance imaging) were explored. Results After 24 weeks, the groups differed in palmitate proportions in PL, oleate in CE and PL, and palmitoleate and SCD1 in all fractions (p < 0.05). Compared with water, the relative proportion of palmitate in PL increased by approximately 1% during both sugar-sweetened soda (p = 0.011) and milk (p = 0.006), whereas oleate and palmitoleate increased only during sugar-sweetened soda (CE 2.77%, p < 0.001; PL 1.51%, p = 0.002 and CE 1.46%, PL 0.24%, TG 1.31%, all p < 0.001, respectively). Liver fat accumulation correlated consistently with changes in palmitoleate, whereas correlations with palmitate and oleate were inconsistent across lipid fractions. Conclusions Although both sugar-sweetened soda and milk increased palmitate in PL, only excess intake of sugar-sweetened soda increased palmitoleate in all lipid fractions and correlated with liver fat. In contrast, isocaloric milk intake did not increase plasma monounsaturated fatty acids. Clinical trial registration [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00777647], identifier [NCT00777647].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Fahad Bajahzer
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens Meldgaard Bruun
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matti Marklund
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Bjørn Richelsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Ulf Risérus,
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Rasmussen JM, Thompson PM, Entringer S, Buss C, Wadhwa PD. Fetal programming of human energy homeostasis brain networks: Issues and considerations. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13392. [PMID: 34845821 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a transdisciplinary framework and testable hypotheses regarding the process of fetal programming of energy homeostasis brain circuitry. Our model proposes that key aspects of energy homeostasis brain circuitry already are functional by the time of birth (with substantial interindividual variation); that this phenotypic variation at birth is an important determinant of subsequent susceptibility for energy imbalance and childhood obesity risk; and that this brain circuitry exhibits developmental plasticity, in that it is influenced by conditions during intrauterine life, particularly maternal-placental-fetal endocrine, immune/inflammatory, and metabolic processes and their upstream determinants. We review evidence that supports the scientific premise for each element of this formulation, identify future research directions, particularly recent advances that may facilitate a better quantification of the ontogeny of energy homeostasis brain networks, highlight animal and in vitro-based approaches that may better address the determinants of interindividual variation in energy homeostasis brain networks, and discuss the implications of this formulation for the development of strategies targeted towards the primary prevention of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerod M Rasmussen
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Claudia Buss
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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9
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Zhang Z, Lai M, Piro AL, Alexeeff SE, Allalou A, Röst HL, Dai FF, Wheeler MB, Gunderson EP. Intensive lactation among women with recent gestational diabetes significantly alters the early postpartum circulating lipid profile: the SWIFT study. BMC Med 2021; 19:241. [PMID: 34620173 PMCID: PMC8499506 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a 7-fold higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is estimated that 20-50% of women with GDM history will progress to T2D within 10 years after delivery. Intensive lactation could be negatively associated with this risk, but the mechanisms behind a protective effect remain unknown. METHODS In this study, we utilized a prospective GDM cohort of 1010 women without T2D at 6-9 weeks postpartum (study baseline) and tested for T2D onset up to 8 years post-baseline (n=980). Targeted metabolic profiling was performed on fasting plasma samples collected at both baseline and follow-up (1-2 years post-baseline) during research exams in a subset of 350 women (216 intensive breastfeeding, IBF vs. 134 intensive formula feeding or mixed feeding, IFF/Mixed). The relationship between lactation intensity and circulating metabolites at both baseline and follow-up were evaluated to discover underlying metabolic responses of lactation and to explore the link between these metabolites and T2D risk. RESULTS We observed that lactation intensity was strongly associated with decreased glycerolipids (TAGs/DAGs) and increased phospholipids/sphingolipids at baseline. This lipid profile suggested decreased lipogenesis caused by a shift away from the glycerolipid metabolism pathway towards the phospholipid/sphingolipid metabolism pathway as a component of the mechanism underlying the benefits of lactation. Longitudinal analysis demonstrated that this favorable lipid profile was transient and diminished at 1-2 years postpartum, coinciding with the cessation of lactation. Importantly, when stratifying these 350 women by future T2D status during the follow-up (171 future T2D vs. 179 no T2D), we discovered that lactation induced robust lipid changes only in women who did not develop incident T2D. Subsequently, we identified a cluster of metabolites that strongly associated with future T2D risk from which we developed a predictive metabolic signature with a discriminating power (AUC) of 0.78, superior to common clinical variables (i.e., fasting glucose, AUC 0.56 or 2-h glucose, AUC 0.62). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we show that intensive lactation significantly alters the circulating lipid profile at early postpartum and that women who do not respond metabolically to lactation are more likely to develop T2D. We also discovered a 10-analyte metabolic signature capable of predicting future onset of T2D in IBF women. Our findings provide novel insight into how lactation affects maternal metabolism and its link to future diabetes onset. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01967030 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mi Lai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony L Piro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Amina Allalou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannes L Röst
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Feihan F Dai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Metabolism Research Group, Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Erica P Gunderson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA.
- Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, USA.
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Prevalence of elevated serum fatty acid synthase in chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19272. [PMID: 34588500 PMCID: PMC8481229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98479-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently no serum-based evaluations that can corroborate the severity of peripheral artery disease (PAD). In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the prevalence of elevated serum fatty acid synthase (cFAS) in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) and evaluated the accuracy of its use in detecting this condition. Preoperative fasting serum samples from 87 patients undergoing vascular intervention were collected between October 2014 and September 2016. Median age was 62 years, with 56 (64%) men, and 32 (37%) with CLTI. We found that elevated cFAS content (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.04–1.31), type 2 diabetes (T2D; OR 5.22; 95% CI 1.77–15.4), and smoking (OR 3.53; 95% CI 1.19–10.5) were independently associated with CLTI and could detect the presence of CLTI with 83% accuracy (95% CI 0.74–0.92). Furthermore, serum FAS content was positively correlated with FAS content in femoral artery plaque in patients with severe PAD (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${R}^{2}$$\end{document}R2 = 0.22; P = 0.023). Finally, significantly higher co-localization of FAS and ApoB were observed within lower extremity arterial media (P < .001). Our findings indicate that serum FAS content is a marker for disease severity in patients with PAD, independent of concomitant T2D and smoking, and may play a key role in FAS and ApoB peripheral plaque progression.
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Alternative Dietary Patterns for Americans: Low-Carbohydrate Diets. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103299. [PMID: 34684300 PMCID: PMC8537012 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The decades-long dietary experiment embodied in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) focused on limiting fat, especially saturated fat, and higher carbohydrate intake has coincided with rapidly escalating epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) that are contributing to the progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other diet-related chronic diseases. Moreover, the lack of flexibility in the DGA as it pertains to low carbohydrate approaches does not align with the contemporary trend toward precision nutrition. We argue that personalizing the level of dietary carbohydrate should be a high priority based on evidence that Americans have a wide spectrum of metabolic variability in their tolerance to high carbohydrate loads. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and T2D are conditions strongly associated with insulin resistance, a condition exacerbated by increased dietary carbohydrate and improved by restricting carbohydrate. Low-carbohydrate diets are grounded across the time-span of human evolution, have well-established biochemical principles, and are now supported by multiple clinical trials in humans that demonstrate consistent improvements in multiple established risk factors associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recently recognized a low carbohydrate eating pattern as an effective approach for patients with diabetes. Despite this evidence base, low-carbohydrate diets are not reflected in the DGA. As the DGA Dietary Patterns have not been demonstrated to be universally effective in addressing the needs of many Americans and recognizing the lack of widely available treatments for obesity, metabolic syndrome, and T2D that are safe, effective, and sustainable, the argument for an alternative, low-carbohydrate Dietary Pattern is all the more compelling.
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Parry SA, Rosqvist F, Peters S, Young RK, Cornfield T, Dyson P, Hodson L. The influence of nutritional state on the fatty acid composition of circulating lipid fractions: implications for their use as biomarkers of dietary fat intake. Ups J Med Sci 2021; 126:7649. [PMID: 34471486 PMCID: PMC8384057 DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v126.7649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fatty acid (FA) composition of blood can be used as an objective biomarker of dietary FA intake. It remains unclear how the nutritional state influences the FA composition of plasma lipid fractions, and thus their usefulness as biomarkers in a non-fasted state. OBJECTIVES To investigate the associations between palmitate, oleate and linoleate in plasma lipid fractions and self-reported dietary FA intake, and assess the influence of meal consumption on the relative abundance of these FA in plasma lipid fractions (i.e. triglyceride [TG], phospholipids [PLs] and cholesterol esters [CEs]). DESIGN Analysis was performed in plasma samples collected from 49 (34 males and 15 females) participants aged 26-57 years with a body mass index (BMI) between 21.6 and 34.2 kg/m2, all of whom had participated in multiple study visits, thus a pooled cohort of 98 data sets was available for analysis. A subset (n = 25) had undergone nutritional interventions and was therefore used to investigate the relationship between the FA composition of plasma lipid fractions and dietary fat intake. RESULTS Significant (P < 0.05) positive associations were observed between dietary polyunsaturated fat and linoleate abundance in plasma CE. When investigating the influence of meal consumption on postprandial FA composition, we found plasma TG palmitate significantly (P < 0.05) decreased across the postprandial period, whereas oleate and linoleate increased. A similar pattern was observed in plasma PL, whereas linoleate abundance decreased in the plasma CE. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that the FA composition of plasma CE may be the lipid fraction to utilise as an objective biomarker when investigating recent (i.e. previous weeks-months) dietary FA intakes. In addition, we show that the consumption of a high-fat meal influences the FA composition of plasma TG, PL and CE over the course of the postprandial period, and therefore, suggest that fasting blood samples should be utilised when using FA composition as a biomarker of dietary FA intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sion A. Parry
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarah Peters
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca K. Young
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Cornfield
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Dyson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford, Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University, Hospital Trusts, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford, Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University, Hospital Trusts, Oxford, United Kingdom
- CONTACT Leanne Hodson,
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13
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Weir NL, Steffen BT, Guan W, Johnson LM, Djousse L, Mukamal KJ, Tsai MY. Circulating omega-7 fatty acids are differentially related to metabolic dysfunction and incident type II diabetes: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). DIABETES & METABOLISM 2020; 46:319-325. [PMID: 31706030 PMCID: PMC7200281 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Determine whether plasma omega-7 vaccenic acid and palmitoleic acid levels are related to homeostasis model of insulin resistance scores and incident type II diabetes, and whether race/ethnicity modifies these associations. METHODS Plasma phospholipid fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection in Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants. Linear regression determined associations of vaccenic acid and palmitoleic acid with log-transformed homeostasis model of insulin resistance scores (n=5689), and Cox regression determined associations with incident type II diabetes (n=5413, 660 cases). Race-interactions were tested. RESULTS Adjusting for typical risk factors, higher levels of plasma vaccenic acid were found to be inversely associated with insulin resistance scores across all four race/ethnicities, and a significant race-interaction was observed between Hispanics and Caucasians (P for interaction=0.03). Vaccenic acid was related to 17%, 32%, and 39% lower risks of incident type II diabetes in Black, Hispanic, and Chinese American participants, respectively. Differences in associations between races were detected (P for interactions<0.05). By contrast, higher levels of plasma palmitoleic acid were related to greater insulin resistance scores in Blacks (P<0.001) and Hispanics (P<0.001); significant race-based differences between associations were detected (P for interactions<0.05). Palmitoleic acid was correspondingly related to a 21% greater risk of incident type II diabetes in Black individuals. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that plasma vaccenic acid and palmitoleic acid are markers of metabolic health and dysfunction, respectively. Coupled with previous evidence and the significant race-interactions, our findings have implications for future studies of the race-based differences in omega-7 fatty acids and their regulation in the context of deteriorating metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L. Weir
- University of Minnesota, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Brian T. Steffen
- University of Minnesota, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Weihua Guan
- University of Minnesota, School of Public Health Biostatistics Division, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Lisa M. Johnson
- University of Utah, Department of Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
| | - Luc Djousse
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Medicine Division of Aging, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kenneth J. Mukamal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, General Medicine, Brookline, MA 02446
| | - Michael Y. Tsai
- University of Minnesota, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Lai M, Al Rijjal D, Röst HL, Dai FF, Gunderson EP, Wheeler MB. Underlying dyslipidemia postpartum in women with a recent GDM pregnancy who develop type 2 diabetes. eLife 2020; 9:59153. [PMID: 32748787 PMCID: PMC7417169 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately, 35% of women with Gestational Diabetes (GDM) progress to Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) within 10 years. However, links between GDM and T2D are not well understood. We used a well-characterised GDM prospective cohort of 1035 women following up to 8 years postpartum. Lipidomics profiling covering >1000 lipids was performed on fasting plasma samples from participants 6–9 week postpartum (171 incident T2D vs. 179 controls). We discovered 311 lipids positively and 70 lipids negatively associated with T2D risk. The upregulation of glycerolipid metabolism involving triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol biosynthesis suggested activated lipid storage before diabetes onset. In contrast, decreased sphingomyelines, hexosylceramide and lactosylceramide indicated impaired sphingolipid metabolism. Additionally, a lipid signature was identified to effectively predict future diabetes risk. These findings demonstrate an underlying dyslipidemia during the early postpartum in those GDM women who progress to T2D and suggest endogenous lipogenesis may be a driving force for future diabetes onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Lai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana Al Rijjal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannes L Röst
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Feihan F Dai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erica P Gunderson
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, United States
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Saturated Fats and Health: A Reassessment and Proposal for Food-Based Recommendations: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 76:844-857. [PMID: 32562735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The recommendation to limit dietary saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake has persisted despite mounting evidence to the contrary. Most recent meta-analyses of randomized trials and observational studies found no beneficial effects of reducing SFA intake on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and total mortality, and instead found protective effects against stroke. Although SFAs increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, in most individuals, this is not due to increasing levels of small, dense LDL particles, but rather larger LDL particles, which are much less strongly related to CVD risk. It is also apparent that the health effects of foods cannot be predicted by their content in any nutrient group without considering the overall macronutrient distribution. Whole-fat dairy, unprocessed meat, and dark chocolate are SFA-rich foods with a complex matrix that are not associated with increased risk of CVD. The totality of available evidence does not support further limiting the intake of such foods.
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Fatty acids in the de novo lipogenesis pathway and incidence of type 2 diabetes: A pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003102. [PMID: 32530938 PMCID: PMC7292352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND De novo lipogenesis (DNL) is the primary metabolic pathway synthesizing fatty acids from carbohydrates, protein, or alcohol. Our aim was to examine associations of in vivo levels of selected fatty acids (16:0, 16:1n7, 18:0, 18:1n9) in DNL with incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS AND FINDINGS Seventeen cohorts from 12 countries (7 from Europe, 7 from the United States, 1 from Australia, 1 from Taiwan; baseline years = 1970-1973 to 2006-2010) conducted harmonized individual-level analyses of associations of DNL-related fatty acids with incident T2D. In total, we evaluated 65,225 participants (mean ages = 52.3-75.5 years; % women = 20.4%-62.3% in 12 cohorts recruiting both sexes) and 15,383 incident cases of T2D over the 9-year follow-up on average. Cohort-specific association of each of 16:0, 16:1n7, 18:0, and 18:1n9 with incident T2D was estimated, adjusted for demographic factors, socioeconomic characteristics, alcohol, smoking, physical activity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, menopausal status, and adiposity. Cohort-specific associations were meta-analyzed with an inverse-variance-weighted approach. Each of the 4 fatty acids positively related to incident T2D. Relative risks (RRs) per cohort-specific range between midpoints of the top and bottom quintiles of fatty acid concentrations were 1.53 (1.41-1.66; p < 0.001) for 16:0, 1.40 (1.33-1.48; p < 0.001) for 16:1n-7, 1.14 (1.05-1.22; p = 0.001) for 18:0, and 1.16 (1.07-1.25; p < 0.001) for 18:1n9. Heterogeneity was seen across cohorts (I2 = 51.1%-73.1% for each fatty acid) but not explained by lipid fractions and global geographical regions. Further adjusted for triglycerides (and 16:0 when appropriate) to evaluate associations independent of overall DNL, the associations remained significant for 16:0, 16:1n7, and 18:0 but were attenuated for 18:1n9 (RR = 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.94-1.13). These findings had limitations in potential reverse causation and residual confounding by imprecisely measured or unmeasured factors. CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of fatty acids in the DNL were positively associated with T2D incidence. Our findings support further work to investigate a possible role of DNL and individual fatty acids in the development of T2D.
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Lee Y, Lai HTM, de Oliveira Otto MC, Lemaitre RN, McKnight B, King IB, Song X, Huggins GS, Vest AR, Siscovick DS, Mozaffarian D. Serial Biomarkers of De Novo Lipogenesis Fatty Acids and Incident Heart Failure in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014119. [PMID: 32020839 PMCID: PMC7070205 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background De novo lipogenesis (DNL) is an endogenous pathway that converts excess dietary starch, sugar, protein, and alcohol into specific fatty acids (FAs). Although elevated DNL is linked to several metabolic abnormalities, little is known about how long-term habitual levels and changes in levels of FAs in the DNL pathway relate to incident heart failure (HF). Methods and Results We investigated whether habitual levels and changes in serial measures of FAs in the DNL pathway were associated with incident HF among 4249 participants free of HF at baseline. Plasma phospholipid FAs were measured at baseline, 6 years, and 13 years using gas chromatography, and risk factors for HF were measured using standardized methods. Incident HF was centrally adjudicated using medical records. We prospectively evaluated associations with HF risk of (1) habitual FA levels, using cumulative updating to assess long-term exposure, and (2) changes in FA levels over time. During 22.1 years of follow-up, 1304 HF cases occurred. After multivariable adjustment, habitual levels and changes in levels of palmitic acid (16:0) were positively associated with incident HF (interquintile hazard ratio [95% CI]=1.17 [1.00-1.36] and 1.26 [1.03-1.55], respectively). Changes in levels of 7-hexadecenoic acid (16:1n-9) and vaccenic acid (18:1n-7) were each positively associated with risk of HF (1.36 [1.13-1.62], and 1.43 [1.18-1.72], respectively). Habitual levels and changes in levels of myristic acid (14:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7), stearic acid (18:0), and oleic acid (18:1n-9) were not associated with incident HF. Conclusions Both habitual levels and changes in levels of 16:0 were positively associated with incident HF in older adults. Changes in 16:1n-9 and 18:1n-7 were also positively associated with incident HF. These findings support a potential role of DNL or these DNL-related FAs in the development of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Lee
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and PolicyTufts UniversityBostonMA
| | - Heidi T. M. Lai
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and PolicyTufts UniversityBostonMA
| | - Marcia C. de Oliveira Otto
- Division of EpidemiologyHuman Genetics and Environmental SciencesThe University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public HealthHoustonTX
| | - Rozenn N. Lemaitre
- Cardivascular Health Research UnitDepartment of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | | | - Irena B. King
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM
| | | | - Gordon S. Huggins
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute Center for Translational GenomicsTufts Medical CenterBostonMA
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Lai HTM, de Oliveira Otto MC, Lee Y, Wu JHY, Song X, King IB, Psaty BM, Lemaitre RN, McKnight B, Siscovick DS, Mozaffarian D. Serial Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids in the De Novo Lipogenesis Pathway and Total Mortality, Cause-Specific Mortality, and Cardiovascular Diseases in the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012881. [PMID: 31711385 PMCID: PMC6915264 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Synthesized fatty acids (FAs) from de novo lipogenesis may affect cardiometabolic health, but longitudinal associations between serially measured de novo lipogenesis-related fatty acid biomarkers and mortality or cardiovascular disease (CVD) are not well established. Methods and Results We investigated longitudinal associations between de novo lipogenesis-related fatty acids with all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and incident CVD among 3869 older US adults, mean (SD) age 75 (5) years and free of prevalent CVD at baseline. Levels of plasma phospholipid palmitic (16:0), palmitoleic (16:1n-7), stearic (18:0), oleic acid (18:1n-9), and other risk factors were serially measured at baseline, 6 years, and 13 years. All-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and incident fatal and nonfatal CVD were centrally adjudicated. Risk was assessed in multivariable-adjusted Cox models with time-varying FAs and covariates. During 13 years, median follow-up (maximum 22.4 years), participants experienced 3227 deaths (1131 CVD, 2096 non-CVD) and 1753 incident CVD events. After multivariable adjustment, higher cumulative levels of 16:0, 16:1n-7, and 18:1n-9 were associated with higher all-cause mortality, with extreme-quintile hazard ratios (95% CIs) of 1.35 (1.17-1.56), 1.40 (1.21-1.62), and 1.56 (1.35-1.80), respectively, whereas higher levels of 18:0 were associated with lower mortality (hazard ratio=0.76; 95% CI=0.66-0.88). Associations were generally similar for CVD mortality versus non-CVD mortality, as well as total incident CVD. Changes in levels of 16:0 were positively, and 18:0 inversely, associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio=1.23, 95% CI=1.08-1.41; and hazard ratio=0.78, 95% CI=0.68-0.90). Conclusions Higher long-term levels of 16:0, 16:1n-7, and 18:1n-9 and changes in 16:0 were positively, whereas long-term levels and changes in 18:0 were inversely, associated with all-cause mortality in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi T M Lai
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts University Boston MA
| | - Marcia C de Oliveira Otto
- Department of Epidemiology Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston TX
| | - Yujin Lee
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts University Boston MA
| | - Jason H Y Wu
- The George Institute for Global Health Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales Newtown NSW Australia
| | | | - Irena B King
- Department of Internal Medicine University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services University of Washington Seattle WA.,Cardiovascular Health Research Unit Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA.,Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute Seattle WA
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA
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19
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Sotos-Prieto M, Christophi C, Black A, Furtado JD, Song Y, Magiatis P, Papakonstantinou A, Melliou E, Moffatt S, Kales SN. Assessing Validity of Self-Reported Dietary Intake within a Mediterranean Diet Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial among US Firefighters. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2250. [PMID: 31546768 PMCID: PMC6769698 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collecting dietary intake data is associated with challenges due to the subjective nature of self-administered instruments. Biomarkers may objectively estimate the consumption of specific dietary items or help assess compliance in dietary intervention studies. Our aim was to use a panel of plasma and urine biomarkers to assess the validity of self-reported dietary intake using a modified Mediterranean Diet Scale (mMDS) among firefighters participating in Feeding America's Bravest (FAB), an MD cluster-randomized controlled trial. In our nested biomarker pilot study, participants were randomly selected from both the MD intervention group (n = 24) and the control group (n = 24) after 12-months of dietary intervention. At baseline data collection for the pilot study (t = 12-months of FAB), participants in the control group crossed-over to receive the MD intervention (active intervention) for 6-months. Participants in the intervention group continued in a self-sustained continuation phase (SSP) of the intervention. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), 13-item-mMDS questionnaires, 40 plasma fatty acids, inflammatory biomarkers and urinary hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol were analyzed at both time points. Spearman's correlation, t-tests and linear regression coefficients were calculated using SAS software. Overall, the mMDS derived from the FFQ was highly correlated with the specific 13-domain-mMDS (r = 0.74). The concordance between the two questionnaires for low and high adherence to MD was high for all the participants in the parent trial (κ = 0.76). After 6 months of intervention in the pilot study, plasma saturated fatty acid decreased in both groups (active intervention: -1.3 ± 1.7; p = 0.002; SSP: -1.12 ± 1.90; p = 0.014) and oleic acid improved in the SSP (p = 0.013). Intake of olive oil was positively associated with plasma omega-3 (p = 0.004) and negatively with TNF-α (p < 0.001) at baseline. Choosing olive oil as a type of fat was also associated with higher levels of plasma omega-3 (p = 0.019) at baseline and lower TNF-α (p = 0.023) at follow up. Intake of red and processed meats were associated with lower serum omega-3 (p = 0.04) and fish consumption was associated with lower IL-6 at baseline (p = 0.022). The overall mMDS was associated with an increase in plasma omega-3 (p = 0.021). Good correlation was found between nutrient intake from the FFQ and the corresponding plasma biomarkers (omega-3, EPA and DHA). In this MD randomized controlled trial, some key plasma biomarkers were significantly associated with key MD diet components and the overall mMDS supporting the validity of the mMDS questionnaire as well as compliance with the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Sotos-Prieto
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
- Division of Food and Nutrition Sciences, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H Chan School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Costas Christophi
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., Lemesos 3036, Cyprus.
| | - Alicen Black
- Division of Food and Nutrition Sciences, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Jeremy D Furtado
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H Chan School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Yiqing Song
- Department of Epidemiology Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Prokopios Magiatis
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 157 71, Greece.
| | - Aikaterini Papakonstantinou
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 157 71, Greece.
| | - Eleni Melliou
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 157 71, Greece.
| | - Steven Moffatt
- National Institute for Public Safety Health, Indianapolis, IN 324 E New York Street, Indianapolis, IN 46204, USA.
| | - Stefanos N Kales
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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20
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Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Are Associated with Blood Pressure and Hypertension over 10-Years in Black South African Adults Undergoing Nutritional Transition. Foods 2019; 8:foods8090394. [PMID: 31500169 PMCID: PMC6770669 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional transition in Africa is linked with increased blood pressure (BP). We examined 10-year fatty acid status and longitudinal associations between individual long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), BP and status of hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg and/or medication use) in black South Africans. We included 300 adults (>30 years) participating in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study, and analysed data from three consecutive examinations (2005, 2010 and 2015 study years). Fatty acids in plasma phospholipids were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We applied sequential linear mixed models for continuous outcomes and generalized mixed models for the hypertension outcome, in the complete sample and separately in urban and rural subjects. Mean baseline systolic/diastolic BP was 137/89 mmHg. Ten-year hypertension status increased among rural (48.6% to 68.6%, p = 0.001) and tended to decrease among urban subjects (67.5% to 61.9%, p = 0.253). Regardless of urbanisation, n-6 PUFA increased and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5 n-3) decreased over the 10-years. Subjects in the highest tertile of arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6) had 3.81 mmHg lower systolic (95% confidence interval (CI): −7.07, −0.54) and 3.82 mmHg lower diastolic BP (DBP) (95% CI: −5.70, −1.95) compared to the reference tertile, irrespective of lifestyle and clinical confounders. Similarly, osbond acid (C22:5 n-6) was inversely associated with DBP. Over the 10-years, subjects in the highest EPA tertile presented with +2.92 and +1.94 mmHg higher SBP and DBP, respectively, and with 1.46 higher odds of being hypertensive. In black South African adults, individual plasma n-6 PUFA were inversely associated with BP, whereas EPA was adversely associated with hypertension, supporting implementation of dietary fat quality in national cardiovascular primary prevention strategies.
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21
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Alsharari ZD, Leander K, Sjögren P, Carlsson A, Cederholm T, de Faire U, Hellenius ML, Marklund M, Risérus U. Association between carbohydrate intake and fatty acids in the de novo lipogenic pathway in serum phospholipids and adipose tissue in a population of Swedish men. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:2089-2097. [PMID: 31350637 PMCID: PMC7351873 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fatty acid composition in blood and adipose tissue (AT) is a useful biomarker of dietary fat quality. However, circulating saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) have been proposed to also reflect carbohydrate-induced de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity. We aimed to test the hypothesis that high carbohydrate intake is related to SFA and MUFA in serum or AT in a Swedish population. METHODS Fatty acid composition was measured in serum phospholipids (PL) and AT by gas chromatography in 63-year-old men (n = 299). Carbohydrate and alcohol intake was assessed (validated 7-day food records) in relation to total SFA, 16:0 (palmitate), 16:1 (palmitoleate), and estimated SCD activity (16:1n-7/16:0-ratio) in serum PL and in AT, respectively. RESULTS Total carbohydrate intake was inversely associated with 16:0 in PL (P = 0.005), independently of BMI. Disaccharides were non-linearly (restricted cubic splines) and weakly associated with 16:1 and SCD activity in PL (nonlinear trend, P ≤ 0.02) but not AT. Carbohydrate intake and SCD expression were not associated (P ≥ 0.08, n = 81). Alcohol intake was, however, linearly associated with 16:0 in PL (P < 0.001), and with 16:1 (P < 0.001) and SCD activity (P ≤ 0.005) in both PL and AT. CONCLUSIONS Higher carbohydrate intake from sugar-rich foods or beverages was not clearly reflected by higher SFA or SCD activity in serum PL or AT. Alcohol was, however, associated with higher SFA and MUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zayed D Alsharari
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Box 564, 75122, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Leander
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Sjögren
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Box 564, 75122, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Axel Carlsson
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Box 564, 75122, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mai-Lis Hellenius
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matti Marklund
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Box 564, 75122, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Box 564, 75122, Uppsala, Sweden.
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22
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Huang L, Lin JS, Aris IM, Yang G, Chen WQ, Li LJ. Circulating Saturated Fatty Acids and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11050998. [PMID: 31052447 PMCID: PMC6566227 DOI: 10.3390/nu11050998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) on incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) is controversial and few have systematically appraised the evidence. We conducted a comprehensive search of prospective studies examining these relationships that were published in PubMed, Web of Science, or EMBASE from 21 February 1989 to 21 February 2019. A total of 19 studies were included for systematic review and 10 for meta-analysis. We estimated the summarized relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) using a random (if I2 > 50%) or a fixed effects model (if I2 ≤ 50%). Although the included studies reported inconclusive results, the majority supported a protective effect of odd-chain and an adverse impact of even-chain SFAs. Meta-analysis showed that the per standard deviation (SD) increase in odd-chain SFAs was associated with a reduced risk of incident T2D (C15:0: 0.86, 0.76–0.98; C17:0: 0.76, 0.59–0.97), while a per SD increase in one even-chain SFA was associated with an increased risk of incident T2D (C14:0: 1.13, 1.09–1.18). No associations were found between other SFAs and incident T2D. In conclusion, our findings suggest an overall protective effect of odd-chain SFAs and the inconclusive impact of even- and very-long-chain SFAs on incident T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Huang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Jie-Sheng Lin
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119074 Singapore, Singapore.
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Guiyou Yang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Wei-Qing Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- Department of Information Management, Xinhua College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Ling-Jun Li
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore.
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
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23
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Fretts AM, Imamura F, Marklund M, Micha R, Wu JHY, Murphy RA, Chien KL, McKnight B, Tintle N, Forouhi NG, Qureshi WT, Virtanen JK, Wong K, Wood AC, Lankinen M, Rajaobelina K, Harris TB, Djoussé L, Harris B, Wareham NJ, Steffen LM, Laakso M, Veenstra J, Samieri C, Brouwer IA, Yu CI, Koulman A, Steffen BT, Helmer C, Sotoodehnia N, Siscovick D, Gudnason V, Wagenknecht L, Voutilainen S, Tsai MY, Uusitupa M, Kalsbeek A, Berr C, Mozaffarian D, Lemaitre RN. Associations of circulating very-long-chain saturated fatty acids and incident type 2 diabetes: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:1216-1223. [PMID: 30982858 PMCID: PMC6500926 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) of different chain lengths have unique metabolic and biological effects, and a small number of recent studies suggest that higher circulating concentrations of the very-long-chain SFAs (VLSFAs) arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0), and lignoceric acid (24:0) are associated with a lower risk of diabetes. Confirmation of these findings in a large and diverse population is needed. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations of circulating VLSFAs 20:0, 22:0, and 24:0 with incident type 2 diabetes in prospective studies. METHODS Twelve studies that are part of the Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium participated in the analysis. Using Cox or logistic regression within studies and an inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis across studies, we examined the associations of VLSFAs 20:0, 22:0, and 24:0 with incident diabetes among 51,431 participants. RESULTS There were 14,276 cases of incident diabetes across participating studies. Higher circulating concentrations of 20:0, 22:0, and 24:0 were each associated with a lower risk of incident diabetes. Pooling across cohorts, the RR (95% CI) for incident diabetes comparing the 90th percentile to the 10th percentile was 0.78 (0.70, 0.87) for 20:0, 0.84 (0.77, 0.91) for 22:0, and 0.75 (0.69, 0.83) for 24:0 after adjustment for demographic, lifestyle, adiposity, and other health factors. Results were fully attenuated in exploratory models that adjusted for circulating 16:0 and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS Results from this pooled analysis indicate that higher concentrations of circulating VLSFAs 20:0, 22:0, and 24:0 are each associated with a lower risk of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Fretts
- Department of Epidemiology
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matti Marklund
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Renata Micha
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Jason H Y Wu
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel A Murphy
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kuo-Liong Chien
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Kerry Wong
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexis C Wood
- USDA / Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Kalina Rajaobelina
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Luc Djoussé
- Divisions of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bill Harris
- OmegaQuant Analytics, Sioux Falls, SD
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD
| | - Nick J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Cécilia Samieri
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ingeborg A Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Albert Koulman
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centres Core Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centres Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brian T Steffen
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Catherine Helmer
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kópavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reyjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Lynne Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | - Michael Y Tsai
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Anya Kalsbeek
- Department of Biology, Dordt College, Sioux Center, IA
| | - Claudine Berr
- Inserm, University of Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France
- Memory Research and Resources Center, Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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24
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Khor BH, Narayanan SS, Chinna K, Gafor AHA, Daud ZAM, Khosla P, Sundram K, Karupaiah T. Blood Fatty Acid Status and Clinical Outcomes in Dialysis Patients: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101353. [PMID: 30248953 PMCID: PMC6213187 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood fatty acids (FAs) are derived from endogenous and dietary routes. Metabolic abnormalities from kidney dysfunction, as well as cross-cultural dietary habits, may alter the FA profile of dialysis patients (DP), leading to detrimental clinical outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to (i) summarize FA status of DP from different countries, (ii) compare blood FA composition between healthy controls and DP, and (iii) evaluate FA profile and clinical endpoints in DP. Fifty-three articles from 1980 onwards, reporting FA profile in hemodialysis and peritoneal DP, were identified from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library. Studies on pediatric, predialysis chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, and transplant patients were excluded. Moderate to high levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were reported in Japan, Korea, Denmark, and Sweden. Compared to healthy adults, DP had lower proportions of n-3 and n-6 PUFA, but higher proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids. Two studies reported inverse associations between n-3 PUFAs and risks of sudden cardiac death, while one reported eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid)/arachidonic acid ratio was inversely associated with cardiovascular events. The relationship between all-cause mortality and blood FA composition in DP remained inconclusive. The current evidence highlights a critical role for essential FA in nutritional management of DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban-Hock Khor
- Dietetics Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
| | | | - Karuthan Chinna
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Abdul Halim Abdul Gafor
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Zulfitri Azuan Mat Daud
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Pramod Khosla
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | | | - Tilakavati Karupaiah
- Dietetics Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia.
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25
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Strandjord SE, Lands B, Hibbeln JR. Validation of an equation predicting highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) compositions of human blood fractions from dietary intakes of both HUFAs and their precursors. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 136:171-176. [PMID: 28390839 PMCID: PMC5591053 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Proportions of omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) in 20- and 22-carbon highly unsaturated fatty acids with 3 or more double bonds (HUFA) accumulated in tissue HUFA (e.g., the %n-6 in HUFA) are biomarkers reflecting intakes of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids. An empirical equation, referred to here as the Lands' Equation, was developed previously to use dietary intakes of n-6 and n-3 HUFA and their 18-carbon precursors to estimate the %n-6 in HUFA of humans. From the PubMed database, we identified clinical trials reporting (a) dietary intake of at least linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3), and (b) the amounts of at least arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) in lipids of plasma, serum, or red blood cell. Linear regression analyses comparing reported and predicted %n-6 in HUFA gave a correlation coefficient of 0.73 (p<0.000000) for 34 studies with 92 subject groups. These results indicate that circulating HUFA compositions can be reliably estimated from dietary intake data that not only includes n-3 and n-6 HUFA consumption, but also includes consumption of 18 carbon n-3 and n-6 precursor fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Rm 3N-07, MSC 9410, Bethesda, MD 20892-2088, USA.
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Brenna JT, Plourde M, Stark KD, Jones PJ, Lin YH. Best practices for the design, laboratory analysis, and reporting of trials involving fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:211-227. [PMID: 29931035 PMCID: PMC6084616 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are among the most studied nutrients in human metabolism and health. Endogenous fatty acid status influences health and disease via multiple mechanisms at all stages of the life cycle. Despite widespread interest, attempts to summarize the results of multiple studies addressing similar fatty acid-related outcomes via meta-analyses and systematic reviews have been disappointing, largely because of heterogeneity in study design, sampling, and laboratory and data analyses. Our purpose is to recommend best practices for fatty acid clinical nutrition and medical studies. Key issues in study design include judicious choice of sampled endogenous pools for fatty acid analysis, considering relevant physiologic state, duration of intervention and/or observation, consideration of specific fatty acid dynamics to link intake and endogenous concentrations, and interpretation of results with respect to known fatty acid ranges. Key laboratory considerations include proper sample storage, use of sample preparation methods known to be fit-for-purpose via published validation studies, detailed reporting or methods to establish proper fatty acid identification, and quantitative analysis, including calibration of differential response, quality control procedures, and reporting of data on a minimal set of fatty acids to enable comprehensive interpretation. We present a checklist of recommendations for fatty acid best practices to facilitate design, review, and evaluation of studies with the intention of improving study reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Nutrition, and Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.,Division of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Research Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter J Jones
- Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Yu-Hong Lin
- Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD
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27
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Saturated fatty acids and mortality in patients referred for coronary angiography—The Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health study. J Clin Lipidol 2018; 12:455-463.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Combe N, Henry O, Lopez C, Vaysse C, Fonseca I, Ribaud D, Driss F, Simon N, Le Guillou C, Mendy F. Hospital Diet Enriched With Rapeseed or Sunflower Oils Is Associated With a Decrease in Plasma 16:1n-7 and Some Metabolic Disorders in the Elderly. Lipids 2018; 53:145-155. [PMID: 29394449 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that the prevalence of dysglycemia was high among hospitalized elderly people who were fed a low fat diet (27.7% of energy) and was positively associated with plasma 16:1n-7, an indicator of de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Fatty acids in the DNL pathway have been shown to be associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential beneficial effects of fat enrichment (up to 34.1%en) of the hospital diet in 111 patients (30 men and 81 women, 84 ± 7 years) during 6 weeks. Based on gender, they were randomly given a diet supplemented either with rapeseed oil (RO) or with sunflower oil (SO). Fatty acids of cholesteryl esters and erythrocyte phospholipids and markers of metabolic disorders were evaluated before and after dietary intervention. Both enriched diets significantly, and to a similar extent, decreased (1) the overall prevalence of dysglycemia (by 25-33%) and MetS (by 31-43%) and (2) plasma 16:1n-7 mol% in men and women. Dysglycemia prevalence adjusted by the diets was reduced in men versus baseline; no change was found in women. Enrichment of the diet with RO or SO resulted in a difference in fatty acid compositions, that is, EPA (mol%) and the omega-3 index increased with RO, while proportions of 18:1n-7, 18:1n-9, and EPA decreased with SO. These findings highlight the need for adequate fat intake in the elderly. For supplementation of the hospital diet, RO, which led to a higher proportion of circulating n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and is known to be beneficial, may be preferred to SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Combe
- ITERG, Unité de Nutrition, Métabolisme & Santé, Université Bordeaux 2, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Henry
- Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, Hôpital Emile Roux, 94450 Limeil-Brévannes, France
| | - Carlos Lopez
- Institut de l'Elevage, 149 rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris, France
| | - Carole Vaysse
- ITERG, Unité de Nutrition, Métabolisme & Santé, Université Bordeaux 2, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Fonseca
- Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, Hôpital Emile Roux, 94450 Limeil-Brévannes, France
| | - Danièle Ribaud
- Institut de l'Elevage, 149 rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris, France
| | - Fathi Driss
- Laboratoire d'Hormonologie/Géné. Mol., Hôpital Bichat, Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Noëmie Simon
- Terres Univia, 11 rue de Monceau, 75008 Paris, France
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Vitolins MZ, Case LD, Rapp SR, Lively MO, Shaw EG, Naughton MJ, Giguere J, Lesser GJ. Self-reported adherence and biomarker levels of CoQ10 and alpha-tocopherol. Patient Prefer Adherence 2018; 12:637-646. [PMID: 29731611 PMCID: PMC5923253 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s158682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Women with breast cancer were randomized to receive coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plus Vitamin E or placebo in a clinical trial. The objective of this evaluation is to examine the association between participant self-reported adherence to the study supplements and changes in plasma biomarker levels. PATIENTS AND METHODS Correlation coefficients quantified the association between changes in alpha-tocopherol and CoQ10 levels and the association between self-reported adherence and changes in biomarkers. Participants were categorized by self-reported adherence; Kruskal- Wallis tests compared changes in alpha-tocopherol and CoQ10 levels between self-reported adherence groups. RESULTS Women (N=155) provided baseline and post-treatment biomarkers; 147 completed at least one diary. While changes in alpha-tocopherol and CoQ10 levels were moderately correlated, correlations ranged from 0.40 to 0.48, association between self-reported adherence and plasma alpha-tocopherol or CoQ10 levels was weak; correlations ranged from 0.10 to 0.29 at weeks 8, 16, and 24. Some participants with high self-reported adherence actually had decreases in their biomarker levels. CONCLUSION These findings support that self-reported adherence is likely to be overestimated. Biological and other measures of adherence that can better identify true adherence to study pills provided in clinical trials are greatly needed as they may assist in improving the interpretation of findings of future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Z Vitolins
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Correspondence: Mara Z Vitolins, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA, Tel +1 336 716 2886, Fax +1 336 713 4525, Email
| | - L Douglas Case
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stephen R Rapp
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mark O Lively
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Edward G Shaw
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michelle J Naughton
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey Giguere
- Greenville Community Oncology Research Program of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Glenn J Lesser
- Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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30
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Marklund M, Pingel R, Rosqvist F, Lindroos AK, Eriksson JW, Vessby B, Oscarsson J, Lind L, Risérus U. Fatty Acid Proportions in Plasma Cholesterol Esters and Phospholipids Are Positively Correlated in Various Swedish Populations. J Nutr 2017; 147:2118-2125. [PMID: 28931585 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.254250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fatty acid (FA) proportions in cholesterol esters (CEs) and plasma phospholipids are widely used as dietary biomarkers. Information on how proportions in these fractions correlate could have implications for interpretation and use of FA biomarkers in observational and interventional studies.Objective: We investigated correlations between FA proportions in CEs and phospholipids in free-living individuals and assessed how diet-induced alterations of FA proportions correlate between fractions.Methods: Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (rs) between FA proportions (percentage of total FAs) in circulating CEs and phospholipids were calculated separately in 8 individual study populations including Swedish females and males (N = 2052; age range: 11-84 y), and pooled by inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis. In addition, study populations were stratified by age, sex, body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2), and diabetes status, and strata-specific rs were pooled by meta-analysis. In 2 randomized trials (N = 79) in which dietary saturated FAs were isocalorically replaced with unsaturated FAs, treatment-wise calculations of rs were conducted between FA changes in CEs and phospholipids.Results: Overall, FA proportions in CEs and phospholipids correlated well and especially strongly for polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), with pooled rs (95% CIs) ranging from 0.74 (0.72, 0.76) for α-linolenic acid to 0.92 (0.91, 0.93) for eicosapentaenoic acid. Weak correlations (pooled rs < 0.4) were observed only for palmitic acid and stearic acid, with pooled rs (95% CIs): 0.29 (0.24, 0.33) and 0.30 (0.25, 0.34), respectively. Overall, correlations were not affected by age, sex, BMI, or diabetes status. Strong correlations (rs ≥ 0.6) between diet-induced FA changes in CEs and phospholipids were observed for most PUFAs.Conclusions: Proportions of most FAs in CEs and phospholipids ranked individuals similarly, suggesting that FA proportions in these fractions can be used interchangeably in populations of diverse age, sex, body composition, and diabetes status. Caution is advised, however, when comparing results from studies assessing palmitic acid or stearic acid in different lipid fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Marklund
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Unit
| | - Ronnie Pingel
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Unit
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Unit
| | - Anna Karin Lindroos
- National Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes, and Metabolism, and
| | - Bengt Vessby
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Unit
| | | | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Unit,
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31
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Imamura F, Sharp SJ, Koulman A, Schulze MB, Kröger J, Griffin JL, Huerta JM, Guevara M, Sluijs I, Agudo A, Ardanaz E, Balkau B, Boeing H, Chajes V, Dahm CC, Dow C, Fagherazzi G, Feskens EJM, Franks PW, Gavrila D, Gunter M, Kaaks R, Key TJ, Khaw KT, Kühn T, Melander O, Molina-Portillo E, Nilsson PM, Olsen A, Overvad K, Palli D, Panico S, Rolandsson O, Sieri S, Sacerdote C, Slimani N, Spijkerman AMW, Tjønneland A, Tumino R, van der Schouw YT, Langenberg C, Riboli E, Forouhi NG, Wareham NJ. A combination of plasma phospholipid fatty acids and its association with incidence of type 2 diabetes: The EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study. PLoS Med 2017; 14:e1002409. [PMID: 29020051 PMCID: PMC5636062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combinations of multiple fatty acids may influence cardiometabolic risk more than single fatty acids. The association of a combination of fatty acids with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) has not been evaluated. METHODS AND FINDINGS We measured plasma phospholipid fatty acids by gas chromatography in 27,296 adults, including 12,132 incident cases of T2D, over the follow-up period between baseline (1991-1998) and 31 December 2007 in 8 European countries in EPIC-InterAct, a nested case-cohort study. The first principal component derived by principal component analysis of 27 individual fatty acids (mole percentage) was the main exposure (subsequently called the fatty acid pattern score [FA-pattern score]). The FA-pattern score was partly characterised by high concentrations of linoleic acid, stearic acid, odd-chain fatty acids, and very-long-chain saturated fatty acids and low concentrations of γ-linolenic acid, palmitic acid, and long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids, and it explained 16.1% of the overall variability of the 27 fatty acids. Based on country-specific Prentice-weighted Cox regression and random-effects meta-analysis, the FA-pattern score was associated with lower incident T2D. Comparing the top to the bottom fifth of the score, the hazard ratio of incident T2D was 0.23 (95% CI 0.19-0.29) adjusted for potential confounders and 0.37 (95% CI 0.27-0.50) further adjusted for metabolic risk factors. The association changed little after adjustment for individual fatty acids or fatty acid subclasses. In cross-sectional analyses relating the FA-pattern score to metabolic, genetic, and dietary factors, the FA-pattern score was inversely associated with adiposity, triglycerides, liver enzymes, C-reactive protein, a genetic score representing insulin resistance, and dietary intakes of soft drinks and alcohol and was positively associated with high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and intakes of polyunsaturated fat, dietary fibre, and coffee (p < 0.05 each). Limitations include potential measurement error in the fatty acids and other model covariates and possible residual confounding. CONCLUSIONS A combination of individual fatty acids, characterised by high concentrations of linoleic acid, odd-chain fatty acids, and very long-chain fatty acids, was associated with lower incidence of T2D. The specific fatty acid pattern may be influenced by metabolic, genetic, and dietary factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Imamura
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Sharp
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Koulman
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centres Core Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centres Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Janine Kröger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Julian L. Griffin
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - José M. Huerta
- Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Murcia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela Guevara
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ivonne Sluijs
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beverley Balkau
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Inserm U1018, Paris-Sud University, University Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Christina C. Dahm
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Courtney Dow
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Inserm U1018, Paris-Sud University, University Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Inserm U1018, Paris-Sud University, University Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Edith J. M. Feskens
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Family Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Diana Gavrila
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain
- Murcia BioHealth Research Institute–Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marc Gunter
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Timothy J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Elena Molina-Portillo
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Peter M. Nilsson
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Olov Rolandsson
- Family Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital–University of Turin and Center for Cancer Prevention, Torino, Italy
| | - Nadia Slimani
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Rosario Tumino
- Affiliation Cancer Registry, Department of Prevention, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Ragusa, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Yvonne T. van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nita G. Forouhi
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nick J. Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Effects of the dietary carbohydrate-fat ratio on plasma phosphatidylcholine profiles in human and mouse. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 50:83-94. [PMID: 29040839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholines (PCs), a major class of human plasma phospholipids, are composed of highly diverse fatty acids. Because the dietary carbohydrate-fat ratio alters the hepatic fatty acid metabolism, plasma fatty acids that bind PCs, which are secreted as lipoproteins from the liver, may be affected by long-term consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet or a high-fat diet. Therefore, in this study, we profiled the plasma PC species comprehensively in formulated dieting conditions to identify those phospholipid molecules that reflect the dietary carbohydrate-fat ratio. C57BL6J mice were fed diets containing different amounts of fat for 8 weeks, and plasma PC species were analyzed under fasting conditions using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In addition, a cross-sectional study of 78 middle-aged Japanese men, who participated in health checkups, was conducted. Nutrient intakes were estimated by a brief self-administered diet-history questionnaire. The plasma PC profiles changed depending on the dietary carbohydrate-fat ratio. Especially, PC (16:0/16:1) and PC (16:0/18:1) levels increased as the dietary carbohydrate-fat ratio increased in human and mouse, suggesting that these PC species reflected the increase in de novo lipogenesis and might become useful biomarkers of the dietary carbohydrate-fat ratio. Since these PCs act as ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, PC species reflecting the dietary carbohydrate-fat ratio may influence metabolism of glucose and lipids.
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33
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Song X, Huang Y, Neuhouser ML, Tinker LF, Vitolins MZ, Prentice RL, Lampe JW. Dietary long-chain fatty acids and carbohydrate biomarker evaluation in a controlled feeding study in participants from the Women's Health Initiative cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:1272-1282. [PMID: 28446501 PMCID: PMC5445682 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.153072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Biomarkers of macronutrient intake are lacking. Controlled human feeding studies that preserve the normal variation in nutrient and food consumption are necessary for the development and validation of robust nutritional biomarkers.Objective: We aimed to assess the utility of serum phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) as biomarkers of dietary intakes of fatty acids, total fat, and carbohydrate.Design: We used an individualized controlled feeding study in which 153 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) were provided with a 2-wk controlled diet that mimicked each individual's habitual food intake. A total of 41 PLFAs were measured with the use of gas chromatography in end-of-feeding-period fasting serum samples and expressed in both relative and absolute concentrations. R2 values (percentages of variation explained) from linear regressions of (ln-transformed) consumed fatty acids (individual, groups, and broad categories) on (ln-transformed) corresponding measures of serum PLFAs alone and together with selected participant-related variables (age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, season of study participation, education level, and estimated energy intake from doubly labeled water) were used for evaluation against established urinary recovery biomarkers of energy and protein intake as benchmarks. Models to predict intakes of other nutrients were also explored.Results: Intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid achieved the benchmark of R2 > 36% with or without covariates. When all 41 serum PLFAs and participant-related covariates were initially included in the model for selection, cross-validated R2 achieved >36% for consumed total carbohydrate (grams per day), total saturated fatty acids (SFAs), percentage of energy from SFAs, and total trans fatty acids with serum PLFAs in both relative and absolute concentrations.Conclusions: Serum PLFA biomarkers perform similarly to established energy and protein urinary recovery biomarkers in describing intake variations for several nutrients and, thus, appear suitable for application in this population of postmenopausal women. This approach represents an important methodologic contribution toward the utilization of nutritional biomarkers to assess macronutrient intake. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000611.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Song
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA;
| | - Ying Huang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA;,School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Mara Z Vitolins
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA;,School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and
| | - Johanna W Lampe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA;,School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and
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Conversion ratios of n-3 fatty acids between plasma and erythrocytes: a systematic review and meta-regression. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:1162-1173. [PMID: 28528591 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As biomarkers of dietary intake or disease risk factor, n-3 fatty acid (FA) can be measured in plasma phospholipids (PL), total lipids (TL) or erythrocytes. However, the numeric relationships between n-3 FA in these lipid pools are not clear. Our goal was to derive conversion ratios for plasma and erythrocyte n-3 FA. Potential studies were identified through systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library of Systematic reviews (1950 to October 2014). In all, fifty-six studies reporting n-3 in healthy individuals were included, of which thirty-four articles reported plasma PL and erythrocytes, and twenty-two reported plasma TL and erythrocytes. Meta-regressions were performed to quantify the ratio between plasma and erythrocyte n-3 FA weight percentages, controlling for covariates including age, sex and study design. The conversion ratios from plasma PL to erythrocytes for EPA, DHA, DPA and total n-3 PUFA are 0·75, 1·16, 2·32 and 1·22; the corresponding conversion ratios from plasma TL to erythrocytes are 1·00, 2·10, 3·85 and 2·08, respectively. The conversion ratios were validated using reported values from the literature and measured data from fifty individuals. The relative error of the predicted results were within 10 % of the mean reported values except for EPA, and the individual measured data except for DPA, in plasma TL. The conversion ratios between plasma PL and erythrocytes were more stable compared with plasma TL. Such conversion ratios will be useful for nutritionists or public health professionals to assess FA profiles of different populations using data collected with different methodologies.
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Couch SC, Crandell J, King I, Peairs A, Shah AS, Dolan LM, Tooze J, Crume T, Mayer-Davis E. Associations between long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular lipid risk factors in youth with type 1 diabetes: SEARCH Nutrition Ancillary Study. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:67-73. [PMID: 27836680 PMCID: PMC5384101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this longitudinal study we explored the relationships between plasma n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and Δ5 and Δ6 desaturase activities (D5D and D6D, respectively) and fasting lipids in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS Incident cases of T1D in youth <20years of age who were seen for a baseline study visit (N=914) and a 1-year follow-up visit (N=416) were included. Fasting blood samples were obtained at each visit and plasma phospholipid n-6 PUFAs were measured, which included linoleic acid (LA), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) and arachidonic acid (AA); n-3 PUFAs included α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Estimated D5D and D6D were calculated as FA product-to-precursor ratios, where D5D=AA/DGLA and D6D=DGLA/LA. To examine the longitudinal relationships between long chain PUFAs, desaturase activities and fasting plasma lipids in youth with T1D mixed effects models were used for each individual PUFAs, D5D and D6D, adjusted for demographics, clinic site, diabetes duration, insulin regimen, insulin dose/kg, HbA1c, insulin sensitivity score, and body mass index with random effects to account for the repeated measurements. FINDINGS Favorable lipid associations were found between LA and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (β=-0.58, p<0.05); AA, plasma triglycerides (TG) (β=-0.04, p<0.05) and TG/high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C ratio (β=-0.04, p<0.05); and D5D, plasma TG (β=-0.2, p<0.05) and TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio (β=-0.23, p<0.05). Findings were mixed for the n-3 PUFAs and DGLA: ALA was positively associated with plasma TG (β=0.33, p<0.05) and HDL cholesterol (β=9.86, p<0.05); EPA was positively associated with total cholesterol (β=8.17, p<0.05), LDL cholesterol (β=5.74, p<0.01) and HDL cholesterol (β=2.27, p<0.01); and DGLA was positively associated with TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio (β=0.05, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Findings suggest that the most abundant PUFA, LA as well as its metabolic bi-product AA, may be important targets for CVD lipid risk factor reduction in youth with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Couch
- 3202 Eden Avenue, French Building East, Room 364, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0394.
| | - Jamie Crandell
- Carrington Hall #7460, School of Nursing and Department of Biostatistics, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.
| | - Irena King
- MSC 10 5550, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131.
| | - Abigail Peairs
- 3202 Eden Avenue, French Building East, Room 364, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0394.
| | - Amy S Shah
- 3333 Burnett Avenue, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229.
| | - Lawrence M Dolan
- 3333 Burnett Avenue, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229.
| | - Janet Tooze
- 1 Medical Center Blvd, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157.
| | - Tessa Crume
- 13001 E. 17th Place, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045.
| | - Elizabeth Mayer-Davis
- 1700 Martin Luther King Drive, Departments of Nutrition and Medicine, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.
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Gomes MA, Jia X, Kolenski I, Duncan AM, Meckling KA. The role of background diet on the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in healthy pre-menopausal women: a randomized, cross-over, controlled study. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:168. [PMID: 27687127 PMCID: PMC5043588 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The links between dietary fat intake, polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and breast cancer risk remain equivocal, with some studies pointing to improvements in risk upon omega-3 supplementation. However, the background diet is poorly controlled in most studies, potentially confounding this link. Therefore, this study examined the hypothesis that in order to see the benefits of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, the background diet must be low in fat. Methods Of the 56 healthy, pre-menopausal women randomized to one of two experimental arms, consisting of a two-treatment, randomized, cross-over design, 41 completed the 10 month intervention. The two diet phases (habitual and low-fat) were separated by a washout phase, each lasting 3 menstrual cycles. During each diet phase, women were supplemented with 1.2 g eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid per day. Results Red blood cell fatty acid composition indicated that more eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid was incorporated in the low-fat diet than the habitual diet, though both diet phases resulted in significant increases in the omega-3 to omega-6 ratio. In the context of omega-3 supplementation in breast cancer risk reduction, we also measured fatty acid incorporation into nipple aspirate fluid. Similar changes to red blood cells were noted in nipple aspirate fluid, with higher incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid in the low-fat diet phase. Conclusions These data suggest that the total level of dietary fat has some direct impact on fatty acid partitioning in addition to the recognized importance of fatty acid ratios, and supports the hypothesis that dietary fat intake must be considered a confounder in supplementation trials. Additionally, we demonstrate that n3 supplementation both reaches and imparts improvements in lipid content and n3:n6 at the target breast tissue. Trial registration Trial was been retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov (RegNCT02816125).
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Arnold Gomes
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Xiaoyuan Jia
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Iris Kolenski
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alison M Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kelly A Meckling
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Abstract
Background Obesity is a consequence of chronic energy imbalance. We need accurate and precise measurements of energy intake and expenditure, as well as the related behaviors, to fully understand how energy homeostasis is regulated in order to develop interventions and evaluate their effectiveness to combat the global obesity epidemic. Scope of review We provide an in-depth review of the methodologies currently used to measure energy intake and expenditure in humans, including their principles, advantages, and limitations in the clinical research setting. The aim is to provide researchers with a comprehensive guide to conduct obesity research of the highest possible quality. Major conclusions An array of methodologies is available to measure various aspects of energy metabolism and none is perfect under all circumstances. The choice of methods should be specific to particular research questions with practicality and quality of data the priorities for consideration. A combination of complementary measurements may be preferable. There is an imperative need to develop new methodologies to improve the accuracy and precision of energy intake assessments. Image-based technology is a significant step to improve energy intake measurement. Physical activity informs patterns but not absolute energy expenditure. Combining complementary measurements overcomes shortfalls of individual methods.
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Biomarkers for nutrient intake with focus on alternative sampling techniques. GENES AND NUTRITION 2016; 11:12. [PMID: 27551313 PMCID: PMC4968438 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers of nutrient intake or nutrient status are important objective measures of foods/nutrients as one of the most important environmental factors people are exposed to. It is very difficult to obtain accurate data on individual food intake, and there is a large variation of nutrient composition of foods consumed in a population. Thus, it is difficult to obtain precise measures of exposure to different nutrients and thereby be able to understand the relationship between diet, health, and disease. This is the background for investing considerable resources in studying biomarkers of nutrients believed to be important in our foods. Modern technology with high sensitivity and specificity concerning many nutrient biomarkers has allowed an interesting development with analyses of very small amounts of blood or tissue material. In combination with non-professional collection of blood by finger-pricking and collection on filters or sticks, this may make collection of samples and analyses of biomarkers much more available for scientists as well as health professionals and even lay people in particular in relation to the marked trend of self-monitoring of body functions linked to mobile phone technology. Assuming standard operating procedures are used for collection, drying, transport, extraction, and analysis of samples, it turns out that many analytes of nutritional interest can be measured like metabolites, drugs, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and many types of peptides and proteins. The advantage of this alternative sampling technology is that non-professionals can collect, dry, and mail the samples; the samples can often be stored under room temperature in a dry atmosphere, requiring small amounts of blood. Another promising area is the potential relation between the microbiome and biomarkers that may be measured in feces as well as in blood.
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Hexadecenoic Fatty Acid Isomers in Human Blood Lipids and Their Relevance for the Interpretation of Lipidomic Profiles. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152378. [PMID: 27045677 PMCID: PMC4821613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) are emerging health biomarkers, and in particular the ratio between palmitoleic acid (9cis-16:1) and palmitic acid (16:0) affords the delta-9 desaturase index that is increased in obesity. Recently, other positional and geometrical MUFA isomers belonging to the hexadecenoic family (C16 MUFA) were found in circulating lipids, such as sapienic acid (6cis-16:1), palmitelaidic acid (9trans-16:1) and 6trans-16:1. In this work we report: i) the identification of sapienic acid as component of human erythrocyte membrane phospholipids with significant increase in morbidly obese patients (n = 50) compared with age-matched lean controls (n = 50); and ii) the first comparison of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids (PL) and plasma cholesteryl esters (CE) in morbidly obese patients highlighting that some of their fatty acid levels have opposite trends: increases of both palmitic and sapienic acids with the decrease of linoleic acid (9cis,12cis-18:2, omega-6) in red blood cell (RBC) membrane PL were reversed in plasma CE, whereas the increase of palmitoleic acid was similar in both lipid species. Consequentially, desaturase enzymatic indexes gave different results, depending on the lipid class used for the fatty acid content. The fatty acid profile of morbidly obese subjects also showed significant increases of stearic acid (C18:0) and C20 omega-6, as well as decreases of oleic acid (9cis-18:1) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 omega-3) as compared with lean healthy controls. Trans monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were also measured and found significantly increased in both lipid classes of morbidly obese subjects. These results highlight the C16 MUFA isomers as emerging metabolic marker provided that the assignment of the double bond position and geometry is correctly performed, thus identifying the corresponding lipidomic pathway. Since RBC membrane PL and plasma CE have different fatty acid trends, caution must also be used in the choice of lipid species for the interpretation of lipidomic profiles.
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Bigornia SJ, Lichtenstein AH, Harris WS, Tucker KL. Associations of erythrocyte fatty acid patterns with insulin resistance. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:902-9. [PMID: 26864364 PMCID: PMC4763498 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.123604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synergistic or additive effects or both on cardiometabolic risk may be missed by examining individual fatty acids (FAs). A pattern analysis may be a more useful approach. In addition, it remains unclear whether erythrocyte FA composition relates to insulin resistance among Hispanics/Latinos. OBJECTIVE We derived erythrocyte FA patterns for a Puerto Rican cohort and examined their association with diet and insulin resistance in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. DESIGN At baseline, principal components analysis was used to derive factor patterns with the use of 24 erythrocyte FAs from 1157 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 45-75 y). Dietary intake was assessed with a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated at baseline and at the 2-y follow-up. Relations between FA patterns and HOMA-IR were analyzed in a sample of 922 participants with available data. RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. The DNL pattern was positively correlated with sugar and inversely with n-6 and monounsaturated FA intakes. Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. Similar associations were observed at 2 y, after adjustment for baseline status [quartiles 1 and 4 means (95% CIs): 1.61 (1.48, 1.76) and 1.84 (1.69, 2.00); P-trend = 0.02]. These results remained consistent after the exclusion of participants with diabetes (n = 485). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that upregulated DNL associated with a diet high in sugar and relatively low in unsaturated FAs may adversely affect insulin sensitivity in a Hispanic/Latino cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherman J Bigornia
- Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA;
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA; and
| | - William S Harris
- Department of Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA
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Harris WS, Luo J, Pottala JV, Margolis KL, Espeland MA, Robinson JG. Red Blood Cell Fatty Acids and Incident Diabetes Mellitus in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147894. [PMID: 26881936 PMCID: PMC4755935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Context The relations between dietary and/or circulating levels of fatty acids and the development of type 2 diabetes is unclear. Protective associations with the marine omega-3 fatty acids and linoleic acid, and with a marker of fatty acid desaturase activity delta-5 desaturase (D5D ratio) have been reported, as have adverse relations with saturated fatty acids and D6D ratio. Objective To determine the associations between red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid distributions and incident type 2 diabetes. Design Prospective observational cohort study nested in the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study. Setting General population. Subjects Postmenopausal women. Main Outcome Measures Self-reported incident type 2 diabetes. Results There were 703 new cases of type 2 diabetes over 11 years of follow up among 6379 postmenopausal women. In the fully adjusted models, baseline RBC D5D ratio was inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes [Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81–0.95) per 1 SD increase. Similarly, baseline RBC D6D ratio and palmitic acid were directly associated with incident type 2 diabetes (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04–1.25; and HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.14–1.35, respectively). None of these relations were materially altered by excluding incident cases in the first two years of follow-up. There were no significant relations with eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic or linoleic acids. Conclusions Whether altered fatty acid desaturase activities or palmitic acid levels are causally related to the development of type 2 diabetes cannot be determined from this study, but our findings suggest that proportions of certain fatty acids in RBC membranes are associated with risk for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S. Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, and OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - James V. Pottala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Karen L. Margolis
- HealthPartners Foundation for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Espeland
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jennifer G. Robinson
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
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Fretts AM, Mozaffarian D, Siscovick DS, King IB, McKnight B, Psaty BM, Rimm EB, Sitlani C, Sacks FM, Song X, Sotoodehnia N, Spiegelman D, Lemaitre RN. Associations of Plasma Phospholipid SFAs with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in Older Adults Differ According to SFA Chain Length. J Nutr 2016; 146:298-305. [PMID: 26701797 PMCID: PMC4870839 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.222117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Not much is known about the relations of circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs), which are influenced by both metabolic and dietary determinants, with total and cause-specific mortality. OBJECTIVE We examined the associations of plasma phospholipid SFAs with total and cause-specific mortality among 3941 older adults from the Cardiovascular Health Study, a population-based prospective study of adults aged ≥65 y who were followed from 1992 through 2011. METHODS The relations of total and cause-specific mortality with plasma phospholipid palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0), and lignoceric acid (24:0) were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS During 45,450 person-years of follow-up, 3134 deaths occurred. Higher concentrations of the plasma phospholipid SFAs 18:0, 22:0, and 24:0 were associated with a lower risk of total mortality [multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs)] for the top compared with the bottom quintile: 0.85 (0.75, 0.95) for 18:0; 0.85 (0.75, 0.95) for 22:0; and 0.80 (0.71, 0.90) for 24:0. In contrast, plasma 16:0 concentrations in the highest quintile were associated with a higher risk of total mortality compared with concentrations in the lowest quintile [1.25 (1.11, 1.41)]. We also found no association of plasma phospholipid 20:0 with total mortality. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the associations of plasma phospholipid SFAs with the risk of death differ according to SFA chain length and support future studies to better characterize the determinants of circulating SFAs and to explore the mechanisms underlying these relations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Irena B King
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | | | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit,,Departments of Medicine,,Epidemiology, and,Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA;,Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Departments of Epidemiology,,Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, and
| | - Colleen Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit,,Departments of Medicine
| | | | - Xiaoling Song
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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Henry O, Vaysse C, Lopez C, Driss F, Fonseca I, Simon N, Guillou CL, Masselin‐Silvin S, David J, Combe N, Mendy F. Relationships between plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids in the de novo lipogenesis pathway, and metabolic disorders in French elderly patients. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Henry
- Groupe Hospitalier Henri MondorHôpital Emile RouxLimeil–BrevannesFrance
| | - Carole Vaysse
- ITERGUnité de NutritionMétabolisme & SantéUniversité Bordeaux 2BordeauxFrance
| | | | - Fathi Driss
- Laboratoire d'Hormonologie/Géné. Mol. Hôpital BichatClaude BernardParisFrance
| | - Isabelle Fonseca
- Groupe Hospitalier Henri MondorHôpital Emile RouxLimeil–BrevannesFrance
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicole Combe
- ITERGUnité de NutritionMétabolisme & SantéUniversité Bordeaux 2BordeauxFrance
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Forouhi NG. Association between consumption of dairy products and incident type 2 diabetes--insights from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer study. Nutr Rev 2015; 73 Suppl 1:15-22. [PMID: 26175485 PMCID: PMC4502710 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The public health burden of type 2 diabetes has risen unabated over the past decades, fueled by obesity and lifestyle influences, including diet quality. Epidemiological evidence is accumulating for an inverse association between dairy product intake and type 2 diabetes risk; this is somewhat counterintuitive to the saturated fat and cardiometabolic disease paradigm. The present report reviews the contribution that the findings of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) study have made to this debate, noting that types of dairy products, particularly fermented dairy products including yogurt, may be more relevant than overall dairy intake for the prevention of type 2 diabetes. The EPIC study has contributed evidence through complementary approaches of a large prospective study across 8 European countries with heterogeneous dietary intakes assessed using food-frequency questionnaires (EPIC-InterAct study) and through a more detailed examination of diet assessed using a 7-day food diary (EPIC-Norfolk study). The implications of these findings are placed in the wider context, including the use of individual fatty acid blood biomarkers in the EPIC-InterAct study and an appraisal of current research gaps and suggestions for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nita G Forouhi
- N.G. Forouhi is with the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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Smith CE, Follis JL, Nettleton JA, Foy M, Wu JHY, Ma Y, Tanaka T, Manichakul AW, Wu H, Chu AY, Steffen LM, Fornage M, Mozaffarian D, Kabagambe EK, Ferruci L, Chen YDI, Rich SS, Djoussé L, Ridker PM, Tang W, McKnight B, Tsai MY, Bandinelli S, Rotter JI, Hu FB, Chasman DI, Psaty BM, Arnett DK, King IB, Sun Q, Wang L, Lumley T, Chiuve SE, Siscovick DS, Ordovás JM, Lemaitre RN. Dietary fatty acids modulate associations between genetic variants and circulating fatty acids in plasma and erythrocyte membranes: Meta-analysis of nine studies in the CHARGE consortium. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1373-83. [PMID: 25626431 PMCID: PMC4491005 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Tissue concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids may reduce cardiovascular disease risk, and genetic variants are associated with circulating fatty acids concentrations. Whether dietary fatty acids interact with genetic variants to modify circulating omega-3 fatty acids is unclear. We evaluated interactions between genetic variants and fatty acid intakes for circulating alpha-linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted meta-analyses (N = 11 668) evaluating interactions between dietary fatty acids and genetic variants (rs174538 and rs174548 in FADS1 (fatty acid desaturase 1), rs7435 in AGPAT3 (1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate), rs4985167 in PDXDC1 (pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylase domain-containing 1), rs780094 in GCKR (glucokinase regulatory protein), and rs3734398 in ELOVL2 (fatty acid elongase 2)). Stratification by measurement compartment (plasma versus erthyrocyte) revealed compartment-specific interactions between FADS1 rs174538 and rs174548 and dietary alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid for docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid. CONCLUSION Our findings reinforce earlier reports that genetically based differences in circulating fatty acids may be partially due to differences in the conversion of fatty acid precursors. Further, fatty acids measurement compartment may modify gene-diet relationships, and considering compartment may improve the detection of gene-fatty acids interactions for circulating fatty acid outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren E Smith
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA*
| | - Jack L Follis
- Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Cooperative Engineering, University of St. Thomas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer A Nettleton
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Millennia Foy
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason H Y Wu
- The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yiyi Ma
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA*
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ani W Manichakul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Hongyu Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Audrey Y Chu
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edmond K Kabagambe
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Luigi Ferruci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor, UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Luc Djoussé
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weihong Tang
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor, UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, Section on Statistical Genetics, and The Office of Energetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Irena B King
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Lumley
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie E Chiuve
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David S Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - José M Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA*
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centro Nacional Investigación Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrilenõs de Estudios Avanzados Alimentación, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
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47
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Jacobs S, Jäger S, Jansen E, Peter A, Stefan N, Boeing H, Schulze MB, Kröger J. Associations of Erythrocyte Fatty Acids in the De Novo Lipogenesis Pathway with Proxies of Liver Fat Accumulation in the EPIC-Potsdam Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127368. [PMID: 25984792 PMCID: PMC4435749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biomarker fatty acids (FAs) reflecting de novo lipogenesis (DNL) are strongly linked to the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Liver fat accumulation could mediate this relation. There is very limited data from human population-based studies that have examined this relation. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between specific FAs in the DNL pathway and liver fat accumulation in a large population-based study. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a subsample (n = 1,562) of the EPIC-Potsdam study, which involves 27,548 middle-aged men and women. Baseline blood samples have been analyzed for proportions of 32 FAs in erythrocyte membranes (determined by gas chromatography) and biomarker concentrations in plasma. As indicators for DNL, the DNL-index (16:0 / 18:2n-6) and proportions of individual blood FAs in the DNL pathway were used. Plasma parameters associated with liver fat content (fetuin-A, ALT, and GGT) and the algorithm-based fatty liver index (FLI) were used to reflect liver fat accumulation. Results The DNL-index tended to be positively associated with the FLI and was positively associated with GGT activity in men (p for trend: 0.12 and 0.003). Proportions of 14:0 and 16:0 in erythrocytes were positively associated with fetuin-A, whereas 16:1n-7 were positively associated with the FLI and GGT activity (all p for trends in both sexes at least 0.004). Furthermore, the proportion of 16:1n-7 was positively related to fetuin-A in women and ALT activity in men (all p for trend at least 0.03). The proportion of 16:1n-9 showed positive associations with the FLI and GGT activity in men and fetuin-A in both sexes, whereas 18:1n-7 was positively associated with GGT activity in men (all p for trend at least 0.048). Conclusion Findings from this large epidemiological study suggest that liver fat accumulation could link erythrocyte FAs in the DNL pathway to the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Jacobs
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Susanne Jäger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Eugene Jansen
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Peter
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Stefan
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Janine Kröger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
- * E-mail:
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48
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Lopes TI, Geloneze B, Pareja JC, Calixto AR, Ferreira MM, Marsaioli AJ. Blood Metabolome Changes Before and After Bariatric Surgery: A1H NMR-Based Clinical Investigation. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2015; 19:318-27. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago I.B. Lopes
- Chemistry Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Geloneze
- Laboratory of Investigation on Metabolism and Diabetes, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José C. Pareja
- Laboratory of Investigation on Metabolism and Diabetes, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio R. Calixto
- Laboratory of Investigation on Metabolism and Diabetes, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia M.C. Ferreira
- Chemistry Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anita J. Marsaioli
- Chemistry Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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49
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Beaulieu-Jones BR, O'Brien DM, Hopkins SE, Moore JH, Boyer BB, Gilbert-Diamond D. Sex, Adiposity, and Hypertension Status Modify the Inverse Effect of Marine Food Intake on Blood Pressure in Alaska Native (Yup'ik) People. J Nutr 2015; 145:931-8. [PMID: 25788581 PMCID: PMC4408740 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.209619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alaska Native people currently have a higher prevalence of hypertension than do nonnative Alaskans, although in the 1950s hypertension was rare among Alaska Native people. A novel biomarker of marine foods, the nitrogen isotope ratio (δ¹⁵N) in RBCs was shown to be negatively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Few studies have examined how individual characteristics modify the association of marine food intake with blood pressure. OBJECTIVE This exploratory analysis examined whether sex, adiposity, and hypertension modify the inverse association between marine food intake and blood pressure. METHODS We used covariate-adjusted linear models to describe the association between δ¹⁵N and blood pressure in 873 adult Alaska Native (Yup'ik) people who resided in 8 communities in southwest Alaska. We separately stratified by sex, body mass index (BMI) group, abdominal obesity, and hypertension status and assessed the interaction between δ¹⁵N and participant characteristics on blood pressure via likelihood ratio tests. RESULTS The association between δ¹⁵N and systolic blood pressure was modified by sex, BMI status, and abdominal obesity, with the inverse association observed only in the male (β = -1.5; 95% CI: -2.4, -0.6 : , nonobese BMI (β = -1.7; 95% CI: -2.5, -1.0), and non-abdominally obese (β = -1.6; 95% CI: -2.4, -0.9) strata (all P-interaction < 0.0001). A reduction in diastolic blood pressure associated with δ¹⁵N was observed in the nonobese BMI (β = -1.1; 95% CI: -1.7, -0.5) and non-abdominally obese (β = -1.1; 95% CI: -1.7, -0.5) strata, although only the interaction between BMI group and δ¹⁵N with diastolic blood pressure was significant. The inverse association between δ¹⁵N and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed in nonhypertensive individuals, although the comparison had limited power. The results were consistent with those identified by using combined RBC concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid as the biomarker of marine food intake, although the associations identified by using δ¹⁵N were larger. CONCLUSIONS Obesity status modified the inverse association between marine food intake and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adult Alaska Native (Yup'ik) people. The inverse association between δ¹⁵N and systolic blood pressure was also modified by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diane M O'Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
| | - Scarlett E Hopkins
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
| | - Jason H Moore
- Department of Genetics, and Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH
| | - Bert B Boyer
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH;
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50
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Allaire J, Moreel X, Labonté MÈ, Léger C, Caron A, Julien P, Lamarche B, Fradet V. Validation of the omega-3 fatty acid intake measured by a web-based food frequency questionnaire against omega-3 fatty acids in red blood cells in men with prostate cancer. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69:1004-8. [PMID: 25758837 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of a web-based self-administered food frequency questionnaire (web-FFQ) to assess the omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids (FAs) intake of men affected with prostate cancer (PCa) against a biomarker. SUBJECTS/METHODS The study presented herein is a sub-study from a phase II clinical trial. Enrolled patients afflicted with PCa were included in the sub-study analysis if the FA profiles from the red blood cell (RBC) membranes and FA intakes at baseline were both determined at the time of the data analysis (n=60). Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated to estimate the correlations between FA intakes and their proportions in the RBC membranes. RESULTS Intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were highly correlated with their respective proportions in the RBC membranes (both rs=0.593, P<0.0001). Correlation between alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) intake and its proportion in RBC was not significant (rs=0.130, P=0.332). Correlations were observed between fatty fish intake and total ω-3 FAs (rs=0.304, P=0.02), total long-chain ω-3 FAs (rs=0.290, P=0.03) and DHA (rs=0.328, P=0.01) in RBC membranes. CONCLUSIONS This study has shown that the web-FFQ is an accurate tool to assess total long-chain ω-3 FAs, EPA and DHA but not ALA intake in clinical trials and epidemiological studies carried out in men with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Allaire
- Department of Surgery (Urology), CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Quebec, Quebec City, Canada.,CHU de Québec, Research Center, Oncology Axis, CHU de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - X Moreel
- Department of Surgery (Urology), CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Quebec, Quebec City, Canada.,CHU de Québec, Research Center, Oncology Axis, CHU de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - M-È Labonté
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - C Léger
- Department of Surgery (Urology), CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Quebec, Quebec City, Canada.,CHU de Québec, Research Center, Oncology Axis, CHU de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - A Caron
- Department of Surgery (Urology), CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Quebec, Quebec City, Canada.,CHU de Québec, Research Center, Oncology Axis, CHU de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - P Julien
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - B Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - V Fradet
- Department of Surgery (Urology), CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Quebec, Quebec City, Canada.,CHU de Québec, Research Center, Oncology Axis, CHU de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
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