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Harari A, Kaniel O, Keshet R, Shaish A, Kessler Y, Szold A, Langer P, Raziel A, Sakran N, Goitein D, Moran-Gilad J, Sherf-Dagan S. Reduction in Serum Carotenoid Levels Following One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass. Nutrients 2024; 16:2596. [PMID: 39203733 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the health benefits of carotenoids, it is crucial to evaluate their levels in patients undergoing malabsorptive procedures like one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB). This study aimed to assess serum carotenoid levels before and 6 months following OAGB. Prospectively collected data from patients who underwent primary OAGB were analyzed. Data included anthropometrics, dietary intake assessments, and biochemical tests. Serum samples were analyzed for lipid profile and serum carotenoids, including lutein, zeaxanthin, α-carotene, β-carotene, phytofluene, ζ-carotene, and lycopene. Data from 27 patients (median age 47.0 years and 55.6% female) were available before and 6 months post-OAGB. The median pre-surgical BMI was 39.5 kg/m2, and the median excess weight loss at 6 months post-surgery was 63.9%. Significant decreases in all carotenoid levels were observed over time (p < 0.001 for all). A median relative decline of 65.1% in absolute total carotenoid levels and 12.7% in total cholesterol levels were found. No associations were observed between changes in clinical outcomes and carotenoid levels during the study period. This study reveals significant decreases in carotenoid levels within the first 6 months following OAGB. Nutritional intervention studies are needed to explore how incorporating carotenoid-rich foods affects post-surgery carotenoid levels and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Harari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262000, Israel
| | - Osnat Kaniel
- Disaster Readiness Management Unit, Sanz Medical Center, Laniado Hospital, Netanya 4244916, Israel
| | - Rom Keshet
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262000, Israel
| | - Aviv Shaish
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Achva Academic College, Beer-Tuvia Regional Council 7980400, Israel
| | - Yafit Kessler
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Assia Medical Group, Assuta Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 6971028, Israel
| | - Amir Szold
- Assia Medical Group, Assuta Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 6971028, Israel
- Assuta Bariatric Centers, Assuta Hospitals, Tel-Aviv 6971028, Israel
- Division of General Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Peter Langer
- Assia Medical Group, Assuta Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 6971028, Israel
- Assuta Bariatric Centers, Assuta Hospitals, Tel-Aviv 6971028, Israel
| | - Asnat Raziel
- Assia Medical Group, Assuta Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 6971028, Israel
- Assuta Bariatric Centers, Assuta Hospitals, Tel-Aviv 6971028, Israel
| | - Nasser Sakran
- Assia Medical Group, Assuta Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 6971028, Israel
- Assuta Bariatric Centers, Assuta Hospitals, Tel-Aviv 6971028, Israel
- Department of Surgery, Holy Family Hospital, Nazareth 1601001, Israel
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine Safed, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - David Goitein
- Assia Medical Group, Assuta Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 6971028, Israel
- Assuta Bariatric Centers, Assuta Hospitals, Tel-Aviv 6971028, Israel
- Division of General Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Jacob Moran-Gilad
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Shiri Sherf-Dagan
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Department of Nutrition, Assuta Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 6971028, Israel
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Lahmi LO, Harari A, Shaish A, Tsurim I. The Carotenoid Composition of Larvae Feed Is Reflected in Adult House Fly ( Musca domestica) Body. INSECTS 2024; 15:521. [PMID: 39057254 PMCID: PMC11276950 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Carotenoids are common and diverse organic compounds with various functional roles in animals. Except for certain aphids, mites, and gall midges, all animals only acquire necessary carotenoids through their diet. The house fly (Musca domestica) is a cosmopolitan pest insect that populates diverse habitats. Its larvae feed on organic substrates that may vary in carotenoid composition according to their specific content. We hypothesized that the carotenoid composition in the adult house fly's body would reflect the carotenoid composition in the larval feed. House fly larvae were reared on diets that differed in carotenoid composition. HPLC analysis of the emerging adult flies indicate that the carotenoid composition of adult house flies is related, but not identical, to the carotenoid composition in its natal substrate. These findings may be developed to help identify potential sources of house fly infestations. Also, it is recommended that rearing substrates of house fly larvae, used for animal feed, should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Or Lahmi
- Achva Academic College, Beer-Tuvia Regional Council 7980400, Israel; (L.-O.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Ayelet Harari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel;
| | - Aviv Shaish
- Achva Academic College, Beer-Tuvia Regional Council 7980400, Israel; (L.-O.L.); (A.S.)
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel;
| | - Ido Tsurim
- Achva Academic College, Beer-Tuvia Regional Council 7980400, Israel; (L.-O.L.); (A.S.)
- Katif Center for R&D Coastal Desert, Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology, Sdot Negev Regional Council, P.O. Box 100, Netivot 8771002, Israel
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3
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Okada E, Kurotani K, Takimoto H. Skin Carotenoid Levels Are Associated with Demographic Factors, Body Size, and Fruit and Vegetable Intake in the Japanese Population. Nutrients 2024; 16:2133. [PMID: 38999880 PMCID: PMC11243080 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the association between demographic factors, body size, and fruit and vegetable intake in the general population, focusing on individuals with both low and high skin carotenoid levels. This cross-sectional study was conducted during the 14th National Convention on the Promotion of Food and Nutrition Education (2019) in Yamanashi, Japan (a rural area) and the Open House 2019 at the National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition in Tokyo, Japan (an urban area). Skin carotenoid measurements were conducted, and the participants were asked to fill out a self-administered questionnaire. The study population consisted of 492 Japanese individuals aged ≥16 years. The odds ratios (ORs) for low skin carotenoid levels were elevated in males, those who were overweight, and those who almost never consumed or consumed only one vegetable dish/day. Conversely, the ORs were lower in those living in Yamanashi, aged 30-39 and ≥70 years, and those who consumed fruit ≥1 time/week. For high skin carotenoid levels, the ORs were higher among those aged ≥70 years, living in Yamanashi, and those who consumed fruit ≥1 time/day or ≥5 vegetable dishes/day. Demographic factors, body size, and habitual fruit and vegetable intake may serve as indicators of skin carotenoid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Okada
- The Health Care Science Institute, 3-2-12 Akasaka, Minato-ku 107-0052, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Kento Innovation Park, NK Building, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-shi 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kayo Kurotani
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Kento Innovation Park, NK Building, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-shi 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Health Sciences, Showa Women’s University, 1-7-57 Taishido, Setagaya-ku 154-8533, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Takimoto
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Kento Innovation Park, NK Building, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-shi 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
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4
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Nie C, Liu B, Tan Y, Wu P, Niu Y, Fan G, Wang J. Synergistic stabilization of high internal phase Pickering emulsions by peanut isolate proteins and cellulose nanocrystals for β-carotene encapsulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131196. [PMID: 38574915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In this study, high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs) were stabilized by the complexes of peanut protein isolate (PPI) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) for encapsulation β-carotene to retard its degradation during processing and storage. CNCs were prepared by H2SO4 hydrolysis (HCNCs), APS oxidation (ACNCs) and TEMPO oxidation (TCNCs), exhibiting needle-like or rod-like structures with nanoscale size and uniformly distributed around the spherical PPI particle, which enhanced the emulsifying capability of PPI. Results of optical micrographs and droplet size measurement showed that Pickering emulsions stabilized by PPI/ACNCs complexes exhibited the most excellent stability after 30 days of storage, which indicated that ACNCs had the most obvious effect to improve emulsifying capability of PPI. HIPPEs encapsulated β-carotene (βc-HIPPEs) were stabilized by PPI/ACNCs complexes and showed excellent inverted storage stability. Moreover, βc-HIPPEs exhibited typical shear thinning behavior investigated by rheological properties analysis. During thermal treatment, ultraviolet radiation and oxidation, the retentions of β-carotene encapsulated in HIPPEs were improved significantly. This research holds promise in expanding Pickering emulsions stabilized by proteins-polysaccharide particles to delivery systems for hydrophobic bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Nie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingqian Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinfeng Tan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengrui Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yefan Niu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangsen Fan
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Han X, Liu J, Gu Y, Li Y, Zhang W, Lv N, Dang A. Comparing lycopene's impact on mortality in adults with or without obesity. Food Funct 2024; 15:3340-3352. [PMID: 38465419 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04533a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Given lycopene's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, we investigated its mortality impact in individuals with and without obesity, confirming distinct effects. Methods: This study analyzes the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2003-2006 and 2017-2018, linking lycopene levels to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Using various statistical methods, three models are sequentially adjusted for confounders, investigating the lycopene-outcome relationship. Results: We studied 11 737 adults for 162 months and found 1537 all-cause deaths (13.1%) and 443 cardiovascular deaths (3.8%). For those without obesity, serum lycopene had an "L" shape relationship with all-cause mortality, being harmful at very low levels but protective above a certain threshold. It consistently protects against cardiovascular mortality. In individuals with obesity, the relationship with all-cause mortality formed a "U" shape, with increased risk at very low and very high lycopene levels and protection in the middle range. Cardiovascular mortality showed a similar pattern in individuals with obesity. Interestingly, dietary lycopene intake had protective effects in both groups. Conclusion: This study reveals that lycopene exhibits distinct associations with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in populations with or without obesity, emphasizing the importance of considering individual health profiles when assessing its benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Han
- Department of Special Care Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Jinxing Liu
- Department of Special Care Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Yingzhen Gu
- Department of Special Care Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Special Care Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Special Care Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Naqiang Lv
- Department of Special Care Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Aimin Dang
- Department of Special Care Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
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6
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Bernabeu M, Gharibzahedi SMT, Ganaie AA, Macha MA, Dar BN, Castagnini JM, Garcia-Bonillo C, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Altintas Z, Barba FJ. The potential modulation of gut microbiota and oxidative stress by dietary carotenoid pigments. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37691412 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2254383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating the response to immune checkpoint therapy, therefore modulation of the microbiome with bioactive molecules like carotenoids might be a very effective strategy to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. This review highlights the bio-functional effect of carotenoids on Gut Microbiota modulation based on a bibliographic search of the different databases. The methodology given in the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) has been employed for developing this review using papers published over two decades considering keywords related to carotenoids and gut microbiota. Moreover, studies related to the health-promoting properties of carotenoids and their utilization in the modulation of gut microbiota have been presented. Results showed that there can be quantitative changes in intestinal bacteria as a function of the type of carotenoid. Due to the dependency on several factors, gut microbiota continues to be a broad and complex study subject. Carotenoids are promising in the modulation of Gut Microbiota, which favored the appearance of beneficial bacteria, resulting in the protection of villi and intestinal permeability. In conclusion, it can be stated that carotenoids may help to protect the integrity of the intestinal epithelium from pathogens and activate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Bernabeu
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda, Burjassot, Burjassot, València, Spain
- Vicerectorat de Recerca, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Maths, Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Materials Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arsheed A Ganaie
- Watson Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Basharat N Dar
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Juan M Castagnini
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda, Burjassot, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | | | | | - Zeynep Altintas
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Maths, Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Materials Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda, Burjassot, Burjassot, València, Spain
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7
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Wang B, Du M. Increasing adipocyte number and reducing adipocyte size: the role of retinoids in adipose tissue development and metabolism. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37427553 PMCID: PMC10776826 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2227258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of obesity is a grave public health threat. In response to excessive energy intake, adipocyte hypertrophy impairs cellular function and leads to metabolic dysfunctions while de novo adipogenesis leads to healthy adipose tissue expansion. Through burning fatty acids and glucose, the thermogenic activity of brown/beige adipocytes can effectively reduce the size of adipocytes. Recent studies show that retinoids, especially retinoic acid (RA), promote adipose vascular development which in turn increases the number of adipose progenitors surrounding the vascular vessels. RA also promotes preadipocyte commitment. In addition, RA promotes white adipocyte browning and stimulates the thermogenic activity of brown/beige adipocytes. Thus, vitamin A is a promising anti-obesity micronutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Min Du
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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8
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Farias-Pereira R, Zuk JB, Khavaran H. Plant bioactive compounds from Mediterranean diet improve risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023; 74:403-423. [PMID: 37415346 PMCID: PMC10399461 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2232949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean (Med) dietary pattern consists of moderate or high consumption of foods that are linked to reduced risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS). This comprehensive review evaluates studies on Med diet-representative foods and beverages, such as red wine and olive oil, to understand the inverse associations of Med diet and MetS. The intake of dietary fibre, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and polyphenols - including flavonoids and stilbenes - help to explain the benefits of Med diet on abdominal adiposity, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidaemia, and high blood pressure to some extent. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols as well as the effects of unsaturated fatty acids on lipid metabolism are part of the underlying mechanisms. Overall, this review shows that dietary interventions using Med diet components improve MetS health markers in humans and/or rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renalison Farias-Pereira
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua B. Zuk
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Hannah Khavaran
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Białkowska A, Górnicka M, Zielinska-Pukos MA, Hallmann E, Hamulka J. Plasma Carotenoids and Polyphenols and Their Association with MetS: The Need for Nutritional Interventions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1336. [PMID: 37507876 PMCID: PMC10376012 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by increased pro-oxidative stress and a chronic inflammation state and their consequent alterations. Several studies have highlighted the protective effect of carotenoids and polyphenols in MetS patients. This study aimed to evaluate the plasma level of selected carotenoids and polyphenols and to determine their relationship with MetS severity, MetS components, and inflammatory markers in Polish adults with metabolic disorders. It was designed as a cross-sectional study. The final study group comprised 275 adults, including 158 women and 117 men. Data were collected on the frequency of consumption of selected food groups. Anthropometric measurements and blood samples were taken to determine the concentration of carotenoids, polyphenols, and indicators (parameters) of metabolic disorders. Plasma concentrations of selected carotenoids and polyphenols were low in adults with MetS. The highest concentrations of carotenoids and polyphenols in the blood were observed for lutein and phenolic acids (including gallic and p-coumaric acids). Nevertheless, a correlation was found between the individual bioactive compounds and MetS components. In terms of the lipid profile, our study showed that the plasma of the selected carotenoids and polyphenols positively correlated with HDL cholesterol (zeaxanthin; total carotenoids), LDL cholesterol (chlorogenic acid), triglycerides (lycopene), and the total cholesterol (kaempferol). We found that the level of CRP as a marker of inflammation negatively correlated with the concentration of zeaxanthin. In our study group, no relationship was found between the dietary antioxidant intensity and the variables studied, which may be attributed to the low frequency of consumption of the sources of bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids and polyphenols, but also to the metabolic disorders. Further research is needed to determine whether these associations are causally related to the metabolic syndrome or are a result of the pathologies of the syndrome or improper diet with a low intake of vegetables and fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Białkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Górnicka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika A Zielinska-Pukos
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Hallmann
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Hamulka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Izbicka E, Streeper RT. Mitigation of Insulin Resistance by Natural Products from a New Class of Molecules, Membrane-Active Immunomodulators. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:913. [PMID: 37513825 PMCID: PMC10386479 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR), accompanied by an impaired cellular glucose uptake, characterizes diverse pathologies that include, but are not limited to, metabolic disease, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Chronic inflammation associated with deranged cellular signaling is thought to contribute to IR. The key molecular players in IR are plasma membrane proteins, including the insulin receptor and glucose transporter 4. Certain natural products, such as lipids, phenols, terpenes, antibiotics and alkaloids have beneficial effects on IR, yet their mode of action remains obscured. We hypothesized that these products belong to a novel class of bioactive molecules that we have named membrane-active immunomodulators (MAIMs). A representative MAIM, the naturally occurring medium chain fatty acid ester diethyl azelate (DEA), has been shown to increase the fluidity of cell plasma membranes with subsequent downstream effects on cellular signaling. DEA has also been shown to improve markers of IR, including blood glucose, insulin and lipid levels, in humans. The literature supports the notion that DEA and other natural MAIMs share similar mechanisms of action in improving IR. These findings shed a new light on the mechanism of IR mitigation using natural products, and may facilitate the discovery of other compounds with similar activities.
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11
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Casperson SL, Roemmich JN, Larson KJ, Hess JM, Palmer DG, Jahns L. Sensitivity of Pressure-Mediated Reflection Spectroscopy to Detect Changes in Skin Carotenoids in Adults Without Obesity in Response to Increased Carotenoid Intake: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2023; 153:588-597. [PMID: 36894250 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sensitivity of commercially available devices to detect changes in skin carotenoids is not known. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the sensitivity of pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (RS) to detect changes in skin carotenoids in response to increasing carotenoid intake. METHODS Nonobese adults were randomly assigned to a control (water; n = 20; females = 15 (75%); mean age: 31 ± 3 (SE) y; mean BMI: 26 ± 1 kg/m2) or one of 3 carotenoid intake levels: 1) LOW - 13.1 mg; n = 22; females = 18(82%); age: 33 ± 3 y; BMI: 25 ± 1 kg/m2; 2) MED - 23.9 mg; n = 22; females = 17 (77%); age: 30 ± 2 y; BMI: 26 ± 1 kg/m2); or 3) HIGH - 31.0 mg; n = 19; females = 9 (47%); age: 33 ± 3 y; BMI: 24 ± 1 kg/m2. A commercial vegetable juice was provided daily to ensure that the additional carotenoid intake was achieved. Skin carotenoids (RS intensity [RSI]) were measured weekly. Plasma carotenoid concentrations were assessed at wk 0, 4, and 8. Mixed models were used to test the effect of treatment, time, and their interaction. Correlation matrices from mixed models were used to determine the correlation between plasma and skin carotenoids. RESULTS A correlation was observed between skin and plasma carotenoids (r = 0.65; P < 0.001). Skin carotenoids were greater than baseline starting at week 1 in the HIGH (290 ± 20 vs. 321 ± 24 RSI; P ≤ 0.01), week 2 in the MED (274 ± 18 vs. 290 ± 23 RSI; P ≤ 0.03), and week 3 in the LOW (261 ± 18 vs. 288 ± 15 RSI; P ≤ 0.03). Compared with control, differences in skin carotenoids were observed starting at week 2 in the HIGH ([268 ± 16 vs. 338 ± 26 RSI; P ≤ 0.01] except for week 3 [287 ± 20 vs. 335 ± 26 RSI; P = 0.08]) and week 6 in the MED (303 ± 26 vs. 363 ± 27 RSI; P ≤ 0.03). No differences were observed between the control and LOW. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that RS can detect changes in skin carotenoids in adults without obesity when daily carotenoid intake is increased by 13.1 mg for a minimum of 3 wk. However, a minimum difference in intake of 23.9 mg of carotenoids is needed to detect group differences. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03202043.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanon L Casperson
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
| | - James N Roemmich
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Kate J Larson
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Julie M Hess
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Daniel G Palmer
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Lisa Jahns
- USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Division of Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, USA
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12
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Lee CY. Effects of dietary vitamins on obesity-related metabolic parameters. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e47. [PMID: 37123391 PMCID: PMC10131053 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Genetic factors, some underlying medical conditions, and obesity are risk factors of T2DM. Unlike other risk factors which are non-modifiable, obesity is preventable and usually treatable, and is largely contributed by lifestyle factors. Management of these lifestyle factors may curb the development of T2DM and reduces T2DM prevalence. Dietary vitamins have been recommended as a lifestyle modification intervention to support obesity treatment. Vitamins correlate negatively with body weight, body mass index and body composition. Some of the vitamins may also have anti-adipogenic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, results from pre-clinical and clinical studies of the effects of vitamins on obesity are inconsistent. A clear understanding of the effects of vitamins on obesity will help determine dietary intervention that is truly effective in preventing and treating obesity as well as obesity-related complications including T2DM. This article reviews existing evidences of the effects of vitamin supplementation on obesity and obesity-related metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chooi Yeng Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
- Corresponding author: Chooi Yeng Lee, email
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13
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Gopal SS, Sukhdeo SV, Vallikannan B, Ponesakki G. Lutein ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity, fatty liver, and glucose intolerance in C57BL/6J mice. Phytother Res 2023; 37:329-341. [PMID: 36086831 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a multi-factorial metabolic syndrome that increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. We recently demonstrated the antiadipogenic efficacy of lutein using a 3 T3-L1 cell culture model. This study aimed to examine the antiobesity efficacy of lutein on high-fat (60% kcal fat) diet-induced C57BL/6J obese mice model. Lutein (300 and 500 μM), Orlistat (30 mg/kg body weight - positive control), and its combination (orlistat, 15 mg/kg body weight+lutein, 300 μM) were administered in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice every other day for 24 weeks. The effect on serum and hepatic lipid parameters was estimated using biochemical assay kits. The adipose tissue expression of adipocyte differentiation markers at gene and protein levels was analyzed by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. The results showed that lutein administration and drug significantly reduced epididymal and abdominal adipose tissue weights. Further, lutein reduced the serum cholesterol and LDL-C concentration compared to the HFD group. The HFD-induced elevation in the hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol levels were significantly blocked by lutein and its combination with the drug. Similarly, lutein and its drug combination efficiently lowered the HFD-mediated elevated blood glucose levels. Lutein downregulated the expression of CEBP-α, PPAR-γ, and FAS in the epididymal adipose tissue. Thus, supplementation of lutein may control diet-induced obesity and associated complications in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Shree Gopal
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shinde Vijay Sukhdeo
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Department of Meat and Marine Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, India
| | - Baskaran Vallikannan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, India
| | - Ganesan Ponesakki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai, India
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14
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Guardiola-Márquez CE, Santos-Ramírez MT, Segura-Jiménez ME, Figueroa-Montes ML, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Fighting Obesity-Related Micronutrient Deficiencies through Biofortification of Agri-Food Crops with Sustainable Fertilization Practices. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3477. [PMID: 36559589 PMCID: PMC9784404 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a critical medical condition worldwide that is increasingly involved with nutritional derangements associated with micronutrient deficiencies, including iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, selenium, and vitamins A, C, D, and E. Nutritional deficiencies in obesity are mainly caused by poor-quality diets, higher nutrient requirements, alterations in micronutrient metabolism, and invasive obesity treatments. The current conventional agricultural system is designed for intensive food production, focusing on food quantity rather than food quality, consuming excessive agricultural inputs, and producing nutrient-deficient foods, thus generating severe health and environmental problems; agricultural food products may worsen obesity-related malnutrition. Therefore, modern agriculture is adopting new biofortification technologies to combat micronutrient deficiencies and improve agricultural productivity and sustainability. Biofertilization and nanofertilization practices are increasingly used due to their efficiency, safety, and reduced environmental impact. Biofertilizers are preparations of PGP-microorganisms that promote plant growth by influencing plant metabolism and improving the nutrient uptake, and nanofertilizers consist of synthesized nanoparticles with unique physicochemical properties that are capable of increasing plant nutrition and enriching agricultural products. This review presents the current micronutrient deficiencies associated with obesity, the modern unsustainable agri-food system contributing to obesity progression, and the development of bio- and nanofertilizers capable of biofortifying agri-food crops with micronutrients commonly deficient in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Teresa Santos-Ramírez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Ave. General Ramon Corona 2514, Zapopan 45138, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - M. Eugenia Segura-Jiménez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Ave. General Ramon Corona 2514, Zapopan 45138, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Melina Lizeth Figueroa-Montes
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Ave. General Ramon Corona 2514, Zapopan 45138, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Ave. General Ramon Corona 2514, Zapopan 45138, Jalisco, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. General Ramon Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico
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15
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Minato-Inokawa S, Honda M, Tsuboi-Kaji A, Takeuchi M, Kitaoka K, Takenouchi A, Kurata M, Wu B, Kazumi T, Fukuo K. Higher fasting glucose, triglycerides, resting pulse rate and high-sensitivity C reactive protein in adipose insulin-resistant but normal weight young Japanese women. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2022; 10:10/6/e003013. [PMID: 36593657 PMCID: PMC9772672 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adipose insulin-resistant but normal weight phenotype has not been reported and hence was characterized in young Japanese women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Body composition, a broad range of cardiometabolic health and dietary intake were cross-sectionally measured in 166 normal weight young Japanese women. They were grouped into tertile of adipose tissue-insulin resistance (AT-IR) index (fasting insulin×free fatty acids) and analyzed by analysis of variance and then Bonferroni's multiple comparison procedure. RESULTS Body mass index averaged <21 kg/m2 and waist <72 cm, and did not differ among three groups of women. Fasting glucose and triglycerides and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance were higher in the highest compared with the median and lowest AT-IR tertile. However, there was no difference in fat mass and distribution, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure. In addition, high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) and resting pulse rate were higher as well. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, fasting glucose (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.18, p=0.012), fasting triglycerides (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.06, p<0.001), resting pulse rate (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.11, p<0.001) and hsCRP (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.01 to 5.2, p=0.04) were associated with the high AT-IR tertile. CONCLUSIONS Adipose insulin-resistant but normal weight phenotype may be associated with increased sympathetic nervous system and low-grade systemic inflammation in addition to glucose and lipid dysmetabolism through mechanisms unrelated to adiposity in young Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Minato-Inokawa
- Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku Eiyo Kagaku Kenkyujo, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Laboratory of Community Health and Nutrition, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
- Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mari Honda
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tsuboi-Kaji
- Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku Eiyo Kagaku Kenkyujo, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mika Takeuchi
- Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku Eiyo Kagaku Kenkyujo, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kaori Kitaoka
- Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku Eiyo Kagaku Kenkyujo, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Epidemiology, Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akiko Takenouchi
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Miki Kurata
- Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku Eiyo Kagaku Kenkyujo, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Bin Wu
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tsutomu Kazumi
- Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku Eiyo Kagaku Kenkyujo, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Kohan Kakogawa Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukuo
- Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku Eiyo Kagaku Kenkyujo, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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16
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Lai JS, Yuan WL, Ong CN, Tan KH, Yap F, Chong YS, Gluckman PD, Godfrey KM, Lee YS, Chan JKY, Chan SY, Chong MFF. Perinatal plasma carotenoid and vitamin E concentrations with maternal blood pressure during and after pregnancy. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2811-2821. [PMID: 36184364 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Few studies examined the influence of carotenoids and vitamin E on blood pressure or hypertension during and after pregnancy. We related perinatal plasma concentrations of carotenoids and vitamin E (in individual forms and in combination) to blood pressure and hypertension at late pregnancy and 4 years post-pregnancy. METHODS AND RESULTS In 684 women of the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes cohort, we quantified plasma carotenoids and vitamin E concentrations at delivery. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) around 37-39 weeks' gestation were extracted from obstetric records and measured at 4 years post-pregnancy. Principal component analysis derived patterns of carotenoids (CP) and vitamin E. Associations were examined using linear or logistic regressions adjusting for confounders. Two carotenoids (CP1: α-carotene, β-carotene, and lutein; CP2: zeaxanthin, lycopene, and β-cryptoxanthin) and one vitamin E (γ-, δ-, and α-tocopherols) patterns were derived. CP1 (1SD score increment) was associated with lower SBP and DBP [β (95% CI): -2.36 (-3.47, -1.26) and -1.37 (-2.21, -0.53) mmHg] at late pregnancy> and 4 years post-pregnancy [-1.45 (-2.72, -0.18) and -0.99 (-1.98, -0.01) mmHg]. Higher β-cryptoxanthin concentrations were associated with lower SBP and DBP [-1.50 (-2.49, -0.51) and -1.20 (-1.95, -0.46) mmHg] at late pregnancy. Individual vitamin E and their pattern were not associated with blood pressure or hypertension. CONCLUSION Higher perinatal α-carotene, β-carotene, and lutein concentrations are associated with lower blood pressure in women at late pregnancy and post-pregnancy. Foods rich in these carotenoids, such as red-, orange-, and dark-green-colored vegetables, might be beneficial for blood pressure during and after pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun S Lai
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore.
| | - Wen Lun Yuan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore; Université de Paris, CRESS, Inserm, INRAE, F-75004 Paris, France
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore; Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit & NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Jerry K Y Chan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Mary F F Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
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17
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Kaushik A, Sangtani R, Parmar HS, Bala K. Algal metabolites: Paving the way towards new generation antidiabetic therapeutics. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Lu LW, Gao Y, Quek SY, Foster M, Eason CT, Liu M, Wang M, Chen JH, Chen F. The landscape of potential health benefits of carotenoids as natural supportive therapeutics in protecting against Coronavirus infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113625. [PMID: 36058151 PMCID: PMC9428603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic urges researching possibilities for prevention and management of the effects of the virus. Carotenoids are natural phytochemicals of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and may exert potential in aiding in combatting the pandemic. This review presents the direct and indirect evidence of the health benefits of carotenoids and derivatives based on in vitro and in vivo studies, human clinical trials and epidemiological studies and proposes possible mechanisms of action via which carotenoids may have the capacity to protect against COVID-19 effects. The current evidence provides a rationale for considering carotenoids as natural supportive nutrients via antioxidant activities, including scavenging lipid-soluble radicals, reducing hypoxia-associated superoxide by activating antioxidant enzymes, or suppressing enzymes that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Carotenoids may regulate COVID-19 induced over-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, pro-inflammatory enzymes and adhesion molecules by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) and interleukins-6- Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (IL-6-JAK/STAT) pathways and suppress the polarization of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage. Moreover, carotenoids may modulate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ by acting as agonists to alleviate COVID-19 symptoms. They also may potentially block the cellular receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). These activities may reduce the severity of COVID-19 and flu-like diseases. Thus, carotenoid supplementation may aid in combatting the pandemic, as well as seasonal flu. However, further in vitro, in vivo and in particular long-term clinical trials in COVID-19 patients are needed to evaluate this hypothesis.
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19
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Granato D. Functional foods to counterbalance low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases: a multilayered strategy combining food and health sciences. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Bioactive Components in Whole Grains for the Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Function. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182752. [PMID: 36140879 PMCID: PMC9498156 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a primary role in metabolic health and physical performance. Conversely, skeletal muscle dysfunctions such as muscular dystrophy, atrophy and aging-related sarcopenia could lead to frailty, decreased independence and increased risk of hospitalization. Dietary intervention has become an effective approach to improving muscle health and function. Evidence shows that whole grains possess multiple health benefits compared with refined grains. Importantly, there is growing evidence demonstrating that bioactive substances derived from whole grains such as polyphenols, γ-oryzanol, β-sitosterol, betaine, octacosanol, alkylresorcinols and β-glucan could contribute to enhancing myogenesis, muscle mass and metabolic function. In this review, we discuss the potential role of whole-grain-derived bioactive components in the regulation of muscle function, emphasizing the underlying mechanisms by which these compounds regulate muscle biology. This work will contribute toward increasing awareness of nutraceutical supplementation of whole grain functional ingredients for the prevention and treatment of muscle dysfunctions.
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21
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Yang C, Zhao A, Ren Z, Zhang J, Wang P, Zhang Y. Vitamin A Nutritional Status of Urban Lactating Chinese Women and Its Associated Factors. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153184. [PMID: 35956361 PMCID: PMC9370282 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate dietary vitamin A (DVA) intake, serum vitamin A (SVA) concentrations, and breast milk vitamin A (BMVA) concentrations of urban lactating Chinese women and explore the associated factors. We recruited 326 lactating women from ten cities in China and collected their dietary information, blood samples, and breast milk samples. SVA and BMVA were assessed with high-performance liquid chromatography. Mann–Whitney U tests, Kruskal–Wallis H tests, Chi-square tests, Spearman correlation tests, and multiple regression analyses were conducted. The median (25th, 75th) of DVA, SVA and BMVA were 372.36 (209.12, 619.78) μg RAE/day, 1.99 (1.71, 2.35) μmol/L, and 1.67 (1.13, 2.15) μmol/L, respectively. Only 3.1% of lactating women met the recommended nutrient intake of Vitamin A (VA), and 20.6% had a BMVA level below 1.05 μmol/L. Compared to underweight or normal weight women, overweight or obese lactating women had lower DVA and BMVA but higher SVA (p = 0.022; p = 0.030; p = 0.003). Multiparous women had a higher risk of inadequate BMVA (p = 0.023) than primiparous women. SVA and BMVA were positively associated with DVA, especially for lactating women not using VA supplements (β = 0.174, 95%CI = 0.025, 0.324, p = 0.022; β = 0.501, 95%CI = 0.208, 0.795, p = 0.001). There was no association between SVA and BMVA (β = 0.165, 95%CI = −0.037, 0.366, p = 0.109). In conclusion, VA nutritional status among Chinese urban lactating women needs more attention, especially for those who are obese, overweight, or higher parity. Increased DVA may contribute to increased BMVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.Y.); (Z.R.); (J.Z.)
- Children’s Health Care Center, Beijing Children’s Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Ai Zhao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100091, China;
| | - Zhongxia Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.Y.); (Z.R.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.Y.); (Z.R.); (J.Z.)
| | - Peiyu Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.Y.); (Z.R.); (J.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence:
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22
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Visceral and body adiposity are negatively associated with vitamin A nutritional status independently of Body Mass Index and recommended intake of vitamin A in Brazilian Women. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 109:109120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Melnikov N, Kamari Y, Kandel-Kfir M, Barshack I, Ben-Amotz A, Harats D, Shaish A, Harari A. β-Carotene from the Alga Dunaliella bardawil Decreases Gene Expression of Adipose Tissue Macrophage Recruitment Markers and Plasma Lipid Concentrations in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070433. [PMID: 35877726 PMCID: PMC9316718 DOI: 10.3390/md20070433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A and provitamin A carotenoids are involved in the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation. We examined the effect of dietary supplementation using all-trans and 9-cis β-carotene-rich Dunaliella bardawil alga as the sole source of vitamin A on obesity-associated comorbidities and adipose tissue dysfunction in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. Three-week-old male mice (C57BL/6) were randomly allocated into two groups and fed a high-fat, vitamin A-deficient diet supplemented with either vitamin A (HFD) or β-carotene (BC) (HFD-BC). Vitamin A levels in the liver, WATs, and BAT of the HFD-BC group were 1.5–2.4-fold higher than of the HFD group. BC concentrations were 5–6-fold greater in BAT compared to WAT in the HFD-BC group. The eWAT mRNA levels of the Mcp-1 and Cd68 were 1.6- and 2.1-fold lower, respectively, and the plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were 30% and 28% lower in the HFD-BC group compared with the HFD group. Dietary BC can be the exclusive vitamin A source in mice fed a high-fat diet, as shown by the vitamin A concentration in the plasma and tissues. Feeding BC rather than vitamin A reduces adipose tissue macrophage recruitment markers and plasma lipid concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Melnikov
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (N.M.); (Y.K.); (M.K.-K.); (I.B.); (D.H.); (A.S.)
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yehuda Kamari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (N.M.); (Y.K.); (M.K.-K.); (I.B.); (D.H.); (A.S.)
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Michal Kandel-Kfir
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (N.M.); (Y.K.); (M.K.-K.); (I.B.); (D.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Iris Barshack
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (N.M.); (Y.K.); (M.K.-K.); (I.B.); (D.H.); (A.S.)
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ami Ben-Amotz
- N.B.T., Nature Beta Technologies Ltd., Eilat 8851100, Israel;
| | - Dror Harats
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (N.M.); (Y.K.); (M.K.-K.); (I.B.); (D.H.); (A.S.)
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Aviv Shaish
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (N.M.); (Y.K.); (M.K.-K.); (I.B.); (D.H.); (A.S.)
- The Department of Life Sciences, Achva Academic College, Arugot 7980400, Israel
| | - Ayelet Harari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (N.M.); (Y.K.); (M.K.-K.); (I.B.); (D.H.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-5302006
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Chen M, Chen Q, Liu W, Tong H, Wu Y. The effectiveness of diet intervention in improving the metabolism of overweight and obese women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:2926-2938. [PMID: 35702099 PMCID: PMC9185074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dietary therapy may improve glucose and lipid metabolism function in women. However, there is no systematic review to investigate the association between metabolic effects and different dietary interventions in obese women. The main purpose of this study is to summarize the current literature and investigate whether different dietary interventions have an effect on glucose and metabolic indicators of overweight or obese women. METHODS We conducted a scoping review of randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies from 1991 to 2022 by adopting a systematic review and meta-analysis. The database includes Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. Literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were independently completed by 2 researchers. Meta-analysis was performed with RevMan. RESULTS Twelve articles were extracted and the meta-analysis results showed that the mean difference of metabolic indexes of obese women before and after dietary intervention, including fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR (Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance), TG (triglyceride), TC (total cholesterol), LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) are -0.13 [-0.15, -0.10], -2.41 [-3.44, -1.38], -0.13 [-0.15, -0.10], -21.71 [-24.19, -19.22], -21.71 [-24.19, -19.22], -13.29 [-17.86, -8.72], 3.31 [2.22, 4.40], respectively. CONCLUSIONS Different dietary interventions benefit glucose and lipid metabolism of overweight or obese women. Further study is needed to determine which specific dietary effects have the greatest effect on improving metabolic indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkun Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Otolaryngology, Xiamen Chang Gung HospitalXiamen 330520, Fujian, China
| | - Qiuli Chen
- School of Public Health, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, Australia
- Department of Research and Development, Zhengjiang Zhongwei Medical Research CenterHangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Research and Development, Zhengjiang Zhongwei Medical Research CenterHangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Tong
- Department of Research and Development, Zhengjiang Zhongwei Medical Research CenterHangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuedan Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Yueqing People’s HospitalYueqing 325600, Zhejiang, China
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Saini RK, Prasad P, Lokesh V, Shang X, Shin J, Keum YS, Lee JH. Carotenoids: Dietary Sources, Extraction, Encapsulation, Bioavailability, and Health Benefits-A Review of Recent Advancements. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:795. [PMID: 35453480 PMCID: PMC9025559 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural carotenoids (CARs), viz. β-carotene, lutein, astaxanthin, bixin, norbixin, capsanthin, lycopene, canthaxanthin, β-Apo-8-carotenal, zeaxanthin, and β-apo-8-carotenal-ester, are being studied as potential candidates in fields such as food, feed, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. CAR research is advancing in the following three major fields: (1) CAR production from natural sources and optimization of its downstream processing; (2) encapsulation for enhanced physical and chemical properties; and (3) preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies of CARs' health benefits. This review critically discusses the recent developments in studies of the chemistry and antioxidant activity, marketing trends, dietary sources, extraction, bioaccessibility and bioavailability, encapsulation methods, dietary intake, and health benefits of CARs. Preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies on cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disease, mental health, eye, and skin health are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (R.K.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Parchuri Prasad
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Veeresh Lokesh
- Biocontrol Laboratory, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkote 587104, India;
| | - Xiaomin Shang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China;
| | - Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (R.K.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (R.K.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
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26
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Henning T, Kochlik B, Kusch P, Strauss M, Jurić V, Pignitter M, Marusch F, Grune T, Weber D. Pre-Operative Assessment of Micronutrients, Amino Acids, Phospholipids and Oxidative Stress in Bariatric Surgery Candidates. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040774. [PMID: 35453460 PMCID: PMC9031169 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been linked to lower concentrations of fat-soluble micronutrients and higher concentrations of oxidative stress markers as well as an altered metabolism of branched chain amino acids and phospholipids. In the context of morbid obesity, the aim of this study was to investigate whether and to which extent plasma status of micronutrients, amino acids, phospholipids and oxidative stress differs between morbidly obese (n = 23) and non-obese patients (n = 13). In addition to plasma, malondialdehyde, retinol, cholesterol and triglycerides were assessed in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in both groups. Plasma γ-tocopherol was significantly lower (p < 0.011) in the obese group while other fat-soluble micronutrients showed no statistically significant differences between both groups. Branched-chain amino acids (all p < 0.008) and lysine (p < 0.006) were significantly higher in morbidly obese patients compared to the control group. Malondialdehyde concentrations in both visceral (p < 0.016) and subcutaneous (p < 0.002) adipose tissue were significantly higher in the morbidly obese group while plasma markers of oxidative stress showed no significant differences between both groups. Significantly lower plasma concentrations of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine (all p < 0.05) and their corresponding ether-linked analogs were observed, which were all reduced in obese participants compared to the control group. Pre-operative assessment of micronutrients in patients undergoing bariatric surgery is recommended for early identification of patients who might be at higher risk to develop a severe micronutrient deficiency post-surgery. Assessment of plasma BCAAs and phospholipids in obese patients might help to differentiate between metabolic healthy patients and those with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Henning
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (T.H.); (P.K.); (T.G.)
- Food4Future (F4F), c/o Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
| | - Bastian Kochlik
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Paula Kusch
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (T.H.); (P.K.); (T.G.)
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matthias Strauss
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.); (V.J.); (M.P.)
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktorija Jurić
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.); (V.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Marc Pignitter
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.); (V.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Frank Marusch
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, 14467 Potsdam, Germany;
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (T.H.); (P.K.); (T.G.)
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.); (V.J.); (M.P.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (T.H.); (P.K.); (T.G.)
- Food4Future (F4F), c/o Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Norbitt CF, Kimita W, Bharmal SH, Ko J, Petrov MS. Relationship between Habitual Intake of Vitamins and New-Onset Prediabetes/Diabetes after Acute Pancreatitis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071480. [PMID: 35406092 PMCID: PMC9003206 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamins have many established roles in human health. However, the role of habitual dietary intake of vitamins in glucose homeostasis in individuals after acute pancreatitis (AP) is yet to be elucidated. The aim was to investigate the associations between habitual intake of fat- and water-soluble vitamins/vitamers and markers of glucose metabolism (fasting plasma glucose (FPG), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, and homeostasis model assessment β-cell function (HOMA-β)) in individuals after AP. A total of 106 participants after AP were included in this cross-sectional study and were grouped based on glycaemic status: new-onset prediabetes/diabetes after AP (NODAP), pre-existing prediabetes/type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and normoglycaemia after AP (NAP). Habitual intake of seven fat-soluble vitamins/vitamers and seven water-soluble vitamins were determined by the EPIC-Norfolk food frequency questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted using five statistical models built to adjust for covariates (age, sex, daily energy intake, visceral/subcutaneous fat volume ratio, smoking status, daily alcohol intake, aetiology of AP, number of AP episodes, cholecystectomy, and use of antidiabetic medications). In the NODAP group, three fat-soluble vitamins/vitamers (α-carotene, β-carotene, and total carotene) were significantly associated with HOMA-β. One water-soluble vitamin (vitamin B3) was also significantly associated with HOMA-β in the NODAP group. None of the studied vitamins were significantly associated with FPG or HOMA-IR in the NODAP group. Prospective longitudinal studies and randomised controlled trials are now warranted to investigate if the observed associations between vitamin/vitamer intake and NODAP are causal and to unveil the specific mechanisms underlying their involvement with NODAP.
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Matthan NR, Barger K, Wylie-Rosett J, Xue X, Groisman-Perelstein AE, Diamantis PM, Ginsberg M, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Lichtenstein AH. Spillover Effects of a Family-Based Childhood Weight-Management Intervention on Parental Nutrient Biomarkers and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzab152. [PMID: 35155982 PMCID: PMC8826936 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental involvement has been shown to favorably affect childhood weight-management interventions, but whether these interventions influence parental diet and cardiometabolic health outcomes is unclear. OBJECTIVES The aim was to evaluate whether a 1-y family-based childhood weight-management intervention altered parental nutrient biomarker concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs). METHODS Secondary analysis from a randomized-controlled, parallel-arm clinical trial (NCT00851201). Families were recruited from a largely Hispanic population and assigned to either standard care (SC; American Academy of Pediatrics overweight/obesity recommendations) or SC + enhanced program (SC+EP; targeted diet/physical activity strategies, skill building, and monthly support sessions). Nutrient biomarkers (plasma carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins, RBC fatty acid profiles) and CMRFs (BMI, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, lipid profile, inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers, adipokines) were measured in archived samples collected from parents of participating children at baseline and end of the 1-y intervention. RESULTS Parents in both groups (SC = 106 and SC+EP = 99) had significant reductions in trans fatty acid (-14%) and increases in MUFA (2%), PUFA n-6 (ɷ-6) (2%), PUFA n-3 (7%), and β-carotene (20%) concentrations, indicative of lower partially hydrogenated fat and higher vegetable oil, fish, and fruit/vegetable intake, respectively. Significant reductions in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP; -21%) TNF-α (-19%), IL-6 (-19%), and triglycerides (-6%) were also observed in both groups. An additional significant improvement in serum insulin concentrations (-6%) was observed in the SC+EP parents. However, no major reductions in BMI or blood pressure and significant unfavorable trajectories in LDL-cholesterol and endothelial dysfunction markers [P-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM), thrombomodulin] were observed. Higher carotenoid, MUFA, and PUFA (n-6 and n-3) and lower SFA and trans fatty acid concentrations were associated with improvements in circulating glucose and lipid measures, inflammatory markers, and adipokines. CONCLUSIONS The benefits of a family-based childhood weight-management intervention can spill over to parents, resulting in apparent healthier dietary shifts that are associated with modest improvements in some CMRFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupa R Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn Barger
- Biostatistics and Data Management Core Unit, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judith Wylie-Rosett
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xiaonan Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Pamela M Diamantis
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mindy Ginsberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Olmedilla-Alonso B, Benítez-González AM, Estévez-Santiago R, Mapelli-Brahm P, Stinco CM, Meléndez-Martínez AJ. Assessment of Food Sources and the Intake of the Colourless Carotenoids Phytoene and Phytofluene in Spain. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124436. [PMID: 34959988 PMCID: PMC8706092 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoene (PT) and phytofluene (PTF), colorless carotenoids, have largely been ignored in food science studies, food technology, and nutrition. However, they are present in commonly consumed foods and may have health-promotion effects and possible uses as cosmetics. The goal of this study is to assess the most important food sources of PT and PTF and their dietary intakes in a representative sample of the adult Spanish population. A total of 62 food samples were analyzed (58 fruit and vegetables; seven items with different varieties/color) and carotenoid data of four foods (three fruits and one processed food) were compiled. PT concentration was higher than that of PTF in all the foods analyzed. The highest PT content was found in carrot, apricot, commercial tomato juice, and orange (7.3, 2.8, 2.0, and 1.1 mg/100 g, respectively). The highest PTF level was detected in carrots, commercial tomato sauce and canned tomato, apricot, and orange juice (1.7, 1.2, 1.0, 0.6, and 0.04 mg/100 g, respectively). The daily intakes of PT and PTF were 1.89 and 0.47 mg/person/day, respectively. The major contributors to the dietary intake of PT (98%) and PTF (73%) were: carrot, tomato, orange/orange juice, apricot, and watermelon. PT and PTF are mainly supplied by vegetables (81% and 69%, respectively). Considering the color of the edible part of the foods analyzed (fruit, vegetables, sauces, and beverages), the major contributor to the daily intake of PT and PTF (about 98%) were of red/orange color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.O.-A.); (A.J.M.-M.)
| | - Ana M. Benítez-González
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (A.M.B.-G.); (P.M.-B.); (C.M.S.)
| | | | - Paula Mapelli-Brahm
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (A.M.B.-G.); (P.M.-B.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Carla M. Stinco
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (A.M.B.-G.); (P.M.-B.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Antonio J. Meléndez-Martínez
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (A.M.B.-G.); (P.M.-B.); (C.M.S.)
- Correspondence: (B.O.-A.); (A.J.M.-M.)
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Peng C, Zeleznik OA, Shutta KH, Rosner BA, Kraft P, Clish CB, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Tamimi RM, Eliassen AH. A Metabolomics Analysis of Circulating Carotenoids and Breast Cancer Risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 31:85-96. [PMID: 34697058 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher circulating carotenoids are associated with lower breast cancer risk. The underlying biology remains under-explored. METHODS We profiled 293 prediagnostic plasma metabolites in a nested case-control study (n = 887 cases) within the Nurses' Health Studies. Associations between circulating carotenoids and metabolites were identified using linear-mixed models (FDR ≤ 0.05), and we further selected metabolites most predictive of carotenoids with LASSO. Metabolic signatures for carotenoids were calculated as weighted sums of LASSO selected metabolites. We further evaluated the metabolic signatures in relation to breast cancer risk using conditional logistic-regression. RESULTS We identified 48 to 110 metabolites associated with plasma levels of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, estimated-vitamin-A-potential, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene, which included primarily positively associated metabolites implicated in immune regulation (tryptophan), redox balance (plasmalogens, glutamine), epigenetic regulations (acetylated-/methylated-metabolites), and primarily inversely associated metabolites involved in β-oxidation (carnitines; FDR ≤ 0.05). The metabolomic signatures derived for β-carotene (Q4 vs. Q1 relative risk RR = 0.74, P trend = 0.02), and estimated-vitamin-A-potential (Q4 vs. Q1 RR = 0.74, P trend = 0.02)-measured ≥10 years before diagnosis-were associated with lower breast cancer risk. Modest attenuations of RR for measured levels of β-carotene and estimated-vitamin-A-potential were seen when we adjusted for their corresponding metabolic signatures. CONCLUSIONS Metabolites involved in immune regulation, redox balance, membrane signaling, and β-oxidation were associated with plasma carotenoids. Although some metabolites may reflect shared common food sources or compartmental colocalization with carotenoids, others may signal the underlying pathways of carotenoids-associated lowered breast cancer risk. IMPACT Consumption of carotenoid-rich diet is associated with a wide-range of metabolic changes which may help to reduce breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Oana A Zeleznik
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine H Shutta
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Walter C Willett
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Mapelli-Brahm P. The undercover colorless carotenoids phytoene and phytofluene: Importance in agro-food and health in the Green Deal era and possibilities for innovation. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Mapelli-Brahm P, Meléndez-Martínez AJ. The colourless carotenoids phytoene and phytofluene: sources, consumption, bioavailability and health effects. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Mahesh M, Pandey H, Raja Gopal Reddy M, Prabhakaran Sobhana P, Korrapati D, Uday Kumar P, Vajreswari A, Jeyakumar SM. Carrot Juice Consumption Reduces High Fructose-Induced Adiposity in Rats and Body Weight and BMI in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects. Nutr Metab Insights 2021; 14:11786388211014917. [PMID: 34349520 PMCID: PMC8287410 DOI: 10.1177/11786388211014917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional intervention is a key strategy in the control and management of non-communicable diseases. Here, initially, we evaluated the effects of carrot juice (CJ) on some of the physical and biochemical parameters in rats fed with high-fructose diet, then in type 2 diabetic subjects. For the animal study, weanling male Wistar rats were given control (n = 6) or high fructose (HFr; n = 24) diet for 8 weeks. Then, the HFr group rats were subdivided into 4 groups (n = 6 in each) and continued either on HFr diet or shifted to control diet, with or without CJ (0.3 mg β-carotene) ingestion orally for 8 weeks. At the end, the ingestion of CJ reversed the HFr-induced adiposity (23 ± 1.6 vs 18 ± 1.1, P = .038), hypertriglyceridemia (182 ± 18.2 vs 90 ± 10.5 mg/dL, P<0.001), and hyperinsulinemia (81 ± 14.7 vs 40 ± 7.5 µU/mL, P = .014), while increased the retinol levels in liver (240 ± 38.4 vs 492 ± 61.2 µg/g, P = .002) and adipose tissue (1.8 ± 0.09 vs 2.5 ± 0.18 µg/g, P = .026). On the other hand, in the diabetic subjects (7 males and females each, n = 14) compared to their baseline, the daily consumption of 50 mL CJ (~2400 µg β-carotene) for 6 weeks significantly reduced the body weight (69.4 ± 4.13 vs 69.0 ± 4.09 kg, P = .014), BMI (27.4 ± 1.07 vs 27.2 ± 1.06 kg/m2, P = .007), and fat% (33.4 ± 1.87 vs 31.9 ± 2.13, P = .029) with an increase in plasma β-carotene levels (0.21 ± 0.045 vs 0.45 ± 0.089 µmol/L, P = .044). Although CJ increased the glucose (145 ± 10.4 vs 165 ± 11.4 mg/dL, P = .039), insulin, and glycated hemoglobin levels remained unaltered. In conclusion, the consumption of carrot juice reversed the HFr-induced metabolic abnormalities in a rat model and decreased body weight and BMI of diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malleswarapu Mahesh
- Division of Lipid Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Himanshi Pandey
- Division of Dietetics, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mooli Raja Gopal Reddy
- Division of Lipid Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Damayanti Korrapati
- Division of Dietetics, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Putcha Uday Kumar
- Division of Pathology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Gomes CDC, Passos TS, Morais AHA. Vitamin A Status Improvement in Obesity: Findings and Perspectives Using Encapsulation Techniques. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061921. [PMID: 34204998 PMCID: PMC8228342 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between obesity and vitamin A has been studied. Some studies point to the anti-obesity activity related to this vitamin, carotenoids with provitamin A activity, and carotenoid conversion products. This performance has been evaluated in respect of adipogenesis, metabolic activity, oxidation processes, secretory function, and oxidative stress modulation, showing a new property attributed to vitamin A in preventing and treating obesity. However, vitamin A and its precursors are highly sensitive and easily degraded when subjected to heat, the presence of light, and oxygen, in addition to losses related to the processes of digestion and absorption. In this context, encapsulation presents itself as an alternative capable of increasing vitamin A’s stability in the face of unfavorable conditions in the environment, which can reduce its functionality. Considering that vitamin A’s status shows a strong correlation with obesity and is an innovative theme, this article addresses the associations between vitamin A’s consumption and its precursors, encapsulated or not, and its physiological effects on obesity. The present narrative review points out those recent studies that demonstrate that vitamin A and its encapsulated precursors have the most preserved functionality, which guarantees better effects on obesity therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila de Carvalho Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078 970, Brazil;
| | - Thais Souza Passos
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078 970, Brazil;
| | - Ana Heloneida Araújo Morais
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078 970, Brazil;
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078 970, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078 970, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(84)991061887
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Abstract
Dietary intake and tissue levels of carotenoids have been associated with a reduced risk of several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity, brain-related diseases and some types of cancer. However, intervention trials with isolated carotenoid supplements have mostly failed to confirm the postulated health benefits. It has thereby been speculated that dosing, matrix and synergistic effects, as well as underlying health and the individual nutritional status plus genetic background do play a role. It appears that our knowledge on carotenoid-mediated health benefits may still be incomplete, as the underlying mechanisms of action are poorly understood in relation to human relevance. Antioxidant mechanisms - direct or via transcription factors such as NRF2 and NF-κB - and activation of nuclear hormone receptor pathways such as of RAR, RXR or also PPARs, via carotenoid metabolites, are the basic principles which we try to connect with carotenoid-transmitted health benefits as exemplified with described common diseases including obesity/diabetes and cancer. Depending on the targeted diseases, single or multiple mechanisms of actions may play a role. In this review and position paper, we try to highlight our present knowledge on carotenoid metabolism and mechanisms translatable into health benefits related to several chronic diseases.
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Peripancreatic Adipose Tissue Remodeling and Inflammation during High Fat Intake of Palm Oils or Lard in Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041134. [PMID: 33808251 PMCID: PMC8065769 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive fat consumption leads to the development of ectopic adipose tissues, affecting the organs they surround. Peripancreatic adipose tissue is implicated in glucose homeostasis regulation and can be impaired in obesity. High palm oil consumption's effects on health are still debated. We hypothesised that crude and refined palm oil high-fat feeding may have contrasting effects on peripancreatic adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation and lipid oxidation compound production in obese rats. In Wistar rats, morphological changes, inflammation and isoprostanoid production following oxidative stress were assessed in peripancreatic adipose tissue after 12 weeks of diets enriched in crude or refined palm oil or lard (56% energy from fat in each case) versus a standard chow diet (11% energy from fat). Epididymal white and periaortic brown adipose tissues were also included in the study. A refined palm oil diet disturbed glucose homeostasis and promoted lipid deposition in periaortic locations, as well as adipocyte hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration and isoprostanoid (5-F2c-isoprostane and 7(RS)-ST-Δ8-11-dihomo-isofuran) production in peripancreatic adipose tissue. Crude palm oil induced a lower impact on adipose deposits than its refined form and lard. Our results show that the antioxidant composition of crude palm oil may have a protective effect on ectopic adipose tissues under the condition of excessive fat intake.
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Jungert A, Frank J. Intra-Individual Variation and Reliability of Biomarkers of the Antioxidant Defense System by Considering Dietary and Lifestyle Factors in Premenopausal Women. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:448. [PMID: 33805781 PMCID: PMC7998493 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies frequently rely on a single biomarker measurement to assess the relationship between antioxidant status and diseases. This bears an inherent risk for misclassification, if the respective biomarker has a high intra-individual variability. The present study investigates the intra-individual variation and reliability of enzymatic and non-enzymatic biomarkers of the antioxidant system in premenopausal women. Forty-four apparently healthy females provided three consecutive fasting blood samples in a four-week rhythm. Analyzed blood biomarkers included Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, vitamin C, bilirubin, uric acid, coenzyme Q10, tocopherols, carotenoids and retinol. Intra- and inter-individual variances for each biomarker were estimated before and after adjusting for relevant influencing factors, such as diet, lifestyle and use of contraceptives. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), index of individuality, reference change value and number of measurements needed to confine attenuation in regression coefficients were calculated. Except for glutathione and TEAC, all biomarkers showed a crude ICC ≥ 0.50 and a high degree of individuality indicating that the reference change value is more appropriate than population-based reference values to scrutinize and classify intra-individual changes. Apart from glutathione and TEAC, between 1 and 9 measurements were necessary to reduce attenuation in regression coefficients to 10%. The results indicate that the majority of the assessed biomarkers have a fair to very good reliability in healthy premenopausal women, except for glutathione and TEAC. To assess the status of the antioxidant system, the use of multiple measurements and biomarkers is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jungert
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University, Goethestrasse 55, D-35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
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Matsumoto M, Suganuma H, Ozato N, Shimizu S, Katashima M, Katsuragi Y, Mikami T, Itoh K, Nakaji S. Association between Serum Concentration of Carotenoid and Visceral Fat. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030912. [PMID: 33799771 PMCID: PMC7999533 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in carotenoids has been widely reported to prevent cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between serum carotenoid concentrations and visceral fat area (VFA), which is considered a better predictor of cardiovascular diseases than the body-mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the relationship in healthy individuals in their 20s or older, stratified by sex and age, to compare the relationship between serum carotenoid concentrations and VFA and BMI. The study was conducted on 805 people, the residents in Hirosaki city, Aomori prefecture, who underwent a health checkup. An inverse relationship between serum carotenoid concentrations and VFA and BMI was observed only in women. In addition, the results were independent of the intake of dietary fiber, which is mainly supplied from vegetables as well as carotenoids. This suggests that consumption of a diet rich in carotenoids (especially lutein and beta-carotene) is associated with lower VFA, which is a good predictor of cardiovascular disease, especially in women. This study is the first to comprehensively evaluate the association between serum carotenoid levels and VFA in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Matsumoto
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO. LTD., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2762, Japan; (H.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-80-1581-1874
| | - Hiroyuki Suganuma
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO. LTD., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2762, Japan; (H.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Naoki Ozato
- Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan; (N.O.); (M.K.); (Y.K.)
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan
| | - Sunao Shimizu
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO. LTD., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2762, Japan; (H.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Vegetable Life Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan;
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan; (T.M.); (S.N.)
| | - Mitsuhiro Katashima
- Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan; (N.O.); (M.K.); (Y.K.)
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Katsuragi
- Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan; (N.O.); (M.K.); (Y.K.)
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan; (T.M.); (S.N.)
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Vegetable Life Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan;
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan; (T.M.); (S.N.)
- Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
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Kerver JM, Holzman CB, Tian Y, Bullen BL, Evans RW, Scott JB. Maternal Serum Antioxidants in Mid Pregnancy and Risk of Preterm Delivery and Small for Gestational Age Birth: Results from a Prospective Pregnancy Cohort. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2021; 30:1233-1242. [PMID: 33600258 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Preterm delivery (PTD) and poor fetal growth are major contributors to neonatal mortality and morbidity that can extend from birth onward. Although overt maternal nutrient deficiencies are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, such deficiencies are rare in developed countries. However, some evidence suggests that even within the normal range, higher levels of antioxidant nutrients are protective against adverse pregnancy outcomes. Materials and Methods: Using data from the prospective Pregnancy Outcomes and Community Health (POUCH) Study (n = 301 preterm; n = 246 term), we examined associations between maternal blood levels of selected antioxidants and pregnancy outcomes. Serum collected at 16-27 weeks' gestation was analyzed for carotenoids, retinol, and α- and γ-tocopherol. Using weighted polytomous regression, these nutrient concentrations were assessed in relation to (1) PTD (<37 weeks gestation) overall and grouped as spontaneous or medically indicated; and (2) small for gestational age (SGA) defined as birthweight-for-gestational age <10th percentile of a national reference population. Results: Women with total serum carotenoids in the upper quartile (Q4) had significantly lower odds of medically indicated PTD compared with women in the lower quartiles (Q1-Q3) even after adjustment for maternal characteristics (aOR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2-0.9). Odds ratios for SGA were consistently ≤0.5 among women with any of the serum nutrients in Q4 as compared with Q1-Q3, but final models did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Results support the possibility that high maternal serum antioxidants and/or the larger dietary or lifestyle pattern they represent may play a protective role in preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Kerver
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Claudia B Holzman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Yan Tian
- Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Bertha L Bullen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Rhobert W Evans
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jamil B Scott
- Division of Public Health, Michigan State University, Flint, Michigan, USA
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Iqbal WA, Mendes I, Finney K, Oxley A, Lietz G. Reduced plasma carotenoids in individuals suffering from metabolic diseases with disturbances in lipid metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 72:879-891. [PMID: 33586569 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1882962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises the association between serum carotenoids, serum retinoids and dietary intake outcomes with obesity/overweight and individuals with metabolic diseases with disturbances in lipid metabolism. Observational studies reporting dietary intakes and serum concentrations of carotenoids and retinol were collected from Medline and Web of Science. Mean differences were calculated between "cases" (classified as obese, overweight or having a metabolic disease with disturbances in lipid metabolism; i.e. non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia or metabolic syndrome) and "comparator group" (classified as normal weight healthy individuals) and summarised in meta-analyses. Significant summary measures were observed for most serum provitamin A and non-provitamin A carotenoids. Studies reporting total serum carotenoids had shown the greatest decrease (-0.28 µmol/l [-0.33, -0.23], p<.001, I2=62.5%, n = 7). There were no significant summary measures for dietary outcomes, suggesting a physiological role of low serum carotenoids in the development of obesity and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim A Iqbal
- Plant and Microbe Group, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ines Mendes
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Divino Espírito Santo Hospital, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Kieran Finney
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony Oxley
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Georg Lietz
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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41
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Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Böhm V, Borge GIA, Cano MP, Fikselová M, Gruskiene R, Lavelli V, Loizzo MR, Mandić AI, Brahm PM, Mišan AČ, Pintea AM, Sereikaitė J, Vargas-Murga L, Vlaisavljević SS, Vulić JJ, O'Brien NM. Carotenoids: Considerations for Their Use in Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals, Nutricosmetics, Supplements, Botanicals, and Novel Foods in the Context of Sustainability, Circular Economy, and Climate Change. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2021; 12:433-460. [PMID: 33467905 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-062220-013218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are versatile isoprenoids that are important in food quality and health promotion. There is a need to establish recommended dietary intakes/nutritional reference values for carotenoids. Research on carotenoids in agro-food and health is being propelled by the two multidisciplinary international networks, the Ibero-American Network for the Study of Carotenoids as Functional Foods Ingredients (IBERCAROT; http://www.cyted.org) and the European Network to Advance Carotenoid Research and Applications in Agro-Food and Health (EUROCAROTEN; http://www.eurocaroten.eu). In this review, considerations for their safe and sustainable use in products mostly intended for health promotion are provided. Specifically, information about sources, intakes, and factors affecting bioavailability is summarized. Furthermore, their health-promoting actions and importance in public health in relation to the contribution of reducing the risk of diverse ailments are synthesized. Definitions and regulatory and safety information for carotenoid-containing products are provided. Lastly, recent trends in research in the context of sustainable healthy diets are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Meléndez-Martínez
- Nutrition and Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine Department, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Bioactive Plant Products Research Group, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - M Pilar Cano
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Martina Fikselová
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ruta Gruskiene
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vera Lavelli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Anamarija I Mandić
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Paula Mapelli Brahm
- Nutrition and Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine Department, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Č Mišan
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Adela M Pintea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Jolanta Sereikaitė
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Sanja S Vlaisavljević
- Departmant of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena J Vulić
- Department of Applied and Engineering Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nora M O'Brien
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 Cork, Ireland
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Galmés S, Palou A, Serra F. Increased Risk of High Body Fat and Altered Lipid Metabolism Associated to Suboptimal Consumption of Vitamin A Is Modulated by Genetic Variants rs5888 ( SCARB1), rs1800629 ( UCP1) and rs659366 ( UCP2). Nutrients 2020; 12:E2588. [PMID: 32858880 PMCID: PMC7551832 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an excessive body fat percentage (BF%). Animal and cell studies have shown benefits of vitamin A (VA) on BF% and lipid metabolism, but it is still controversial in humans. Furthermore, although some genetic variants may explain heterogeneity in VA plasma levels, their role in VA metabolic response is still scarcely characterized. This study was designed as a combination of an observational study involving 158 male subjects followed by a study with a well-balanced genotype-phenotype protocol, including in the design an ex vivo intervention study performed on isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the 41 former males. This is a strategy to accurately identify the delivery of Precision Nutrition recommendations to targeted subjects. The study assesses the influence of rs5888 (SCARB1), rs659366 (UCP2), and rs1800629 (UCP1) variants on higher BF% associated with suboptimal VA consumption and underlines the cellular mechanisms involved by analyzing basal and retinoic acid (RA) response on PBMC gene expression. Data show that male carriers with the major allele combinations and following suboptimal-VA diet show higher BF% (adjusted ANOVA test p-value = 0.006). Genotype-BF% interaction is observed on oxidative/inflammatory gene expression and also influences lipid related gene expression in response to RA. Data indicate that under suboptimal consumption of VA, carriers of VA responsive variants and with high-BF% show a gene expression profile consistent with an impaired basal metabolic state. The results show the relevance of consuming VA within the required amounts, its impact on metabolism and energy balance, and consequently, on men's adiposity with a clear influence of genetic variants SCARB1, UCP2 and UCP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastià Galmés
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, NUO Group, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Alimentómica S.L., Spin-off n.1 of the University of the Balearic Islands, 07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, NUO Group, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Francisca Serra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, NUO Group, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Alimentómica S.L., Spin-off n.1 of the University of the Balearic Islands, 07121 Palma, Spain
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43
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Lycopene in protection against obesity and diabetes: A mechanistic review. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104966. [PMID: 32535223 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lycopene, a natural pigment that mainly exists in the mature fruit of tomatoes, has gained increasing attention due to its protective effects against obesity and diabetes. The aim of this review is to summarize the potential mechanisms in which lycopene exerts protection against obesity and diabetes, along with highlighting its bioavailability, synthesis and safety. Literature sources used in this review were from the PubMed Database, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, National Science and Technology Library, Wanfang Data, and the Web of Science. For the inquiries, keywords such as lycopene, properties, synthesis, diabetes, obesity, and safety were used in various combinations. About 200 articles and reviews were evaluated. Lycopene exhibits anti-obesity and anti-diabetic activities in different organs and/or tissues, including adipose tissue, liver, kidney, pancreas, brain, ovaries, intestine, and eyes. The underlying mechanism may be attributed to its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and through its ability to regulate of AGE/RAGE, JNK/MAPK, PI3K/Akt, SIRT1/FoxO1/PPARγ signaling pathways and AchE activity. The epidemiological investigations support that lycopene consumption may contribute to lowering the risk of obesity and diabetes. The cis-isomers of lycopene are more bioavailable and better absorbed than trans-lycopene, and mainly distribute in liver and adipose tissue. Lycopene exhibits a good margin of safety and can be obtained by plant extraction, chemical synthesis and microbial fermentation. In summary, lycopene consumption beneficially contributes to protecting against diabetes and obesity in animal studies and epidemiological investigations, which supports the potential of this compound as a preventive/therapeutic agent against these disorders. Well-designed, prospective clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of lycopene against common metabolic diseases.
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Harari A, Melnikov N, Kandel Kfir M, Kamari Y, Mahler L, Ben-Amotz A, Harats D, Cohen H, Shaish A. Dietary β-Carotene Rescues Vitamin A Deficiency and Inhibits Atherogenesis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061625. [PMID: 32492795 PMCID: PMC7352614 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a major health problem, especially in developing countries. In this study, we investigated the effect of VAD from weaning to adulthood in apoE−/− mice. Three-week-old male mice were allocated into four diet groups: I. VAD II. VAD+vitamin A (VA), 1500 IU retinyl-palmitate; III. VAD+β-carotene (BC), 6 g/kg feed, containing 50% all-trans and 50% 9-cis BC. IV. VAD with BC and VA (BC+VA). After 13 weeks, we assessed the size of atherosclerotic plaques and measured VA in tissues and BC in plasma and tissues. VAD resulted in diminished hepatic VA levels and undetectable brain VA levels compared to the other groups. BC completely replenished VA levels in the liver, and BC+VA led to a two-fold elevation of hepatic VA accumulation. In adipose tissue, mice fed BC+VA accumulated only 13% BC compared to mice fed BC alone. Atherosclerotic lesion area of BC group was 73% lower compared to VAD group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that BC can be a sole source for VA and inhibits atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Harari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262000, Israel; (N.M.); (M.K.K.); (Y.K.); (L.M.); (D.H.); (H.C.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nir Melnikov
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262000, Israel; (N.M.); (M.K.K.); (Y.K.); (L.M.); (D.H.); (H.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Michal Kandel Kfir
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262000, Israel; (N.M.); (M.K.K.); (Y.K.); (L.M.); (D.H.); (H.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Yehuda Kamari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262000, Israel; (N.M.); (M.K.K.); (Y.K.); (L.M.); (D.H.); (H.C.); (A.S.)
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Lidor Mahler
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262000, Israel; (N.M.); (M.K.K.); (Y.K.); (L.M.); (D.H.); (H.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Ami Ben-Amotz
- N.B.T., Nature Beta Technologies LTD, Eilat 8851100, Israel;
| | - Dror Harats
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262000, Israel; (N.M.); (M.K.K.); (Y.K.); (L.M.); (D.H.); (H.C.); (A.S.)
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Hofit Cohen
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262000, Israel; (N.M.); (M.K.K.); (Y.K.); (L.M.); (D.H.); (H.C.); (A.S.)
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Aviv Shaish
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262000, Israel; (N.M.); (M.K.K.); (Y.K.); (L.M.); (D.H.); (H.C.); (A.S.)
- The Department of Life Sciences, MP, Achva Academic College, Shikmim 7980400, Israel
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Bhatt T, Patel K. Carotenoids: Potent to Prevent Diseases Review. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2020; 10:109-117. [PMID: 32405969 PMCID: PMC7253555 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00244-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are the phytochemicals known for their biological activities. They are found in nature in the form of plants, algae, fungi and in microorganisms. This is the major group having two different structure one with oxygen and without oxygen. The Present article aims to present these molecules as a new therapeutic agent, as it has unrealized efficiency to prevent and reduce the symptoms of many diseases like cancer, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer, cerebral ischemia, diabetes associated with obesity and hypertension, ophthalmic diseases and many more. It can be utilized in the form of dietary supplement as nutraceutical and pharmaceutical compounds. Yet more research and developing test knowledge is needed to make it available to the humans. In this article its sources, biosynthesis, properties, applicability and commercialization of pigments from naturally produced sources are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takshma Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, President Science College (Affiliated to Gujarat University), Ghatlodia, Ahmedabad, 380061 India
| | - Kirtan Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, President Science College (Affiliated to Gujarat University), Ghatlodia, Ahmedabad, 380061 India
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Bonet ML, Ribot J, Galmés S, Serra F, Palou A. Carotenoids and carotenoid conversion products in adipose tissue biology and obesity: Pre-clinical and human studies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158676. [PMID: 32120014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antiobesity activities of carotenoids and carotenoid conversion products (CCPs) have been demonstrated in pre-clinical studies, and mechanisms behind have begun to be unveiled, thus suggesting these compounds may help obesity prevention and management. The antiobesity action of carotenoids and CCPs can be traced to effects in multiple tissues, notably the adipose tissues. Key aspects of the biology of adipose tissues appear to be affected by carotenoid and CCPs, including adipogenesis, metabolic capacities for energy storage, release and inefficient oxidation, secretory function, and modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. Here, we review the connections of carotenoids and CCPs with adipose tissue biology and obesity as revealed by cell and animal intervention studies, studies addressing the role of endogenous retinoid metabolism, and human epidemiological and intervention studies. We also consider human genetic variability influencing carotenoid and vitamin A metabolism, particularly in adipose tissues, as a potentially relevant aspect towards personalization of dietary recommendations to prevent or manage obesity and optimize metabolic health. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Bonet
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain.
| | - Joan Ribot
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | | | - Francisca Serra
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
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