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Cantave CY, Ruttle PL, Coté SM, Lupien SJ, Geoffroy MC, Vitaro F, Brendgen M, Tremblay R, Boivin M, Ouellet-Morin I. Body mass index across development and adolescent hair cortisol: the role of persistence, variability, and timing of exposure. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41366-024-01640-1. [PMID: 39367209 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests a putative role of the glucocorticoid stress hormone cortisol in the accumulation of adiposity. However, obesity and weight fluctuations may also wear and tear physiological systems promoting adaptation, affecting cortisol secretion. This possibility remains scarcely investigated in longitudinal research. This study tests whether trajectories of body mass index (BMI) across the first 15 years of life are associated with hair cortisol concentration (HCC) measured two years later and whether variability in BMI and timing matter. METHODS BMI (kg/m2) was prospectively measured at twelve occasions between age 5 months and 15 years. Hair was sampled at age 17 in 565 participants. Sex, family socioeconomic status, and BMI measured concurrently to HCC were considered as control variables. RESULTS Latent class analyses identified three BMI trajectories: "low-stable" (59.2%, n = 946), "moderate" (32.6%, n = 507), and "high-rising" (8.2%, n = 128). BMI variability was computed by dividing the standard deviation of an individual's BMI measurements by the mean of these measurements. Findings revealed linear effects, such that higher HCC was noted for participants with moderate BMI trajectories in comparison to low-stable youth (β = 0.10, p = 0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.02-0.40]); however, this association was not detected in the high-rising BMI youth (β = -0.02, p = 0.71, 95% CI = [-0.47-0.32]). Higher BMI variability across development predicted higher cortisol (β = 0.17, p = 0.003, 95% CI = [0.10-4.91]), additively to the contribution of BMI trajectories. BMI variability in childhood was responsible for that finding, possibly suggesting a timing effect. CONCLUSIONS This study strengthens empirical support for BMI-HCC association and suggests that more attention should be devoted to BMI fluctuations in addition to persistent trajectories of BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Y Cantave
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 51 E River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Paula L Ruttle
- Translational Neuroscience, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Sylvana M Coté
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Sonia J Lupien
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, 7331, rue Hochelaga, Montréal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 1R3, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mara Brendgen
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888 succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Richard Tremblay
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychology, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michel Boivin
- School of Psychology, Laval University, 2325 rue des Bibliothèques, Bureau 1116, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Isabelle Ouellet-Morin
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, 7331, rue Hochelaga, Montréal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada.
- School of Criminology, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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AL-Dalaeen A, Batarseh N, Al-Bashabsheh Z, ALjeradat B, Batarseh D, Karablieh A. Stress levels and eating behavior among university students in Jordan: A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2024; 13:285. [PMID: 39310015 PMCID: PMC11414884 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_168_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased body weight is common among university students; transitioning from high school to university may increase perceived stress levels, thus changing dietary habits and metabolism to promote overweight or obesity. The current study investigates the association between stress and dietary habits among university students in Jordan. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 221 university students aged between 20 and 25 at Applied Science Private University [ASU]. A self-reported questionnaire was distributed to university students. The questionnaires were divided into three sections: the first was about general characteristics, body weight, change in body weight, and stress eating. RESULT The survey of 208 participants showed that 64.3% were females, and 84.2% of students lived with their families. Results showed that more than half [51.1%] of the respondents were dissatisfied with their eating habits. Females [57.7%] monitored their food intake more than males did. However, most males [77.2%] reported less eating during stress compared to females. In addition, the data analysis revealed that those who ate more were less likely to monitor their food intake [χ 2 =9.734, df = 1, P = .002] or quantity [χ 2 =16.704, df = 1, P < .001]. Only 20.8% of the participants preferred sports or hobbies as a stress reduction activity; 29.4% took showers, while 51.1% ignored what made them stressed. Finally, 56.3% of participants reported increased weight after starting university, and it was significantly correlated with stress eating while studying for exams [χ 2 =8.762, df = 2, P = .013]. Stress affects university students and can lead to unhealthy eating habits and health issues like obesity. CONCLUSION Many students face stress during their academic years, which affects their dietary choices. Policies promoting healthy eating habits and stress-reducing activities are important for university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfal AL-Dalaeen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Medical Science, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nour Batarseh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Medical Science, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Zaher Al-Bashabsheh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Medical Science, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Dima Batarseh
- University of Jordan, School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | - Arab Karablieh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Medical Science, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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Tsukamoto‐Kawashima S, Ikeda K, Sone M, Ogura M, Okamura E, Kondo A, Ueba Y, Inagaki N. An exploratory study of factors in disordered eating behavior in diabetes self-management in Japan. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:874-881. [PMID: 38426367 PMCID: PMC11215692 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Diet directly affects glucose metabolism, and eating behavior is influenced by various daily life stressors. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between common psychosomatic stressors on endocrine hormones and eating behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed in 40 patients with type 2 diabetes. Resting hormone blood sampling and four self-reported questionnaires were employed. RESULTS Patients who scored higher on the 'anger/hostility' (AH) subcategory of the profile of mood state (POMS) questionnaire had significantly higher serum cortisol (β = 0.40, P = 0.01 by least squares adjusted for age and sex). In the eating behavior questionnaire, the subcategories of 'feeling of hunger/satiation' (β = 0.49, P < 0.01) and 'eating as diversion' (β = 0.39, P = 0.03) were associated with higher serum cortisol. Resting morning cortisol levels were higher in participants who rated high on the POMS-AH and in those who reported 'irritated when hungry' and 'tend to eat when irritated or anxious'. Sleep quality showed no association with eating behavior. CONCLUSIONS Mood state is associated with eating behavior. Anger increases cortisol levels and may lead to compulsive eating. Various forms of hostility are important factors in appetite control and increased cortisol secretion, and can be an impediment to successful dietary self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes. Thus, assessment of mood state and control of negative mood are important therapeutic targets in diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Tsukamoto‐Kawashima
- Preemptive Medicine and Lifestyle Related Disease Research CenterKyoto University HospitalKyotoJapan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Kaori Ikeda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
- Department of Clinical Research Facilitation, Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational ScienceKyoto University HospitalKyotoJapan
| | - Masakatsu Sone
- Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologySt. Marianna University School of MedicineKawasakiKanagawaJapan
| | - Masahito Ogura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
- Department of DiabetesNational Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical CenterKyotoJapan
| | - Emi Okamura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Aki Kondo
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Yoko Ueba
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
- Medical Research Institute KITANO HOSPITAL, PIIF Tazuke‐kofukaiOsakaJapan
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Bozigar M, Laden F, Hart JE, Redline S, Huang T, Whitsel EA, Nelson EJ, Grady ST, Levy JI, Peters JL. Aircraft noise exposure and body mass index among female participants in two Nurses' Health Study prospective cohorts living around 90 airports in the United States. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 187:108660. [PMID: 38677085 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aircraft noise exposure is linked to cardiovascular disease risk. One understudied candidate pathway is obesity. This study investigates the association between aircraft noise and obesity among female participants in two prospective Nurses' Health Study (NHS and NHSII) cohorts. METHODS Aircraft day-night average sound levels (DNL) were estimated at participant residential addresses from modeled 1 dB (dB) noise contours above 44 dB for 90 United States (U.S.) airports in 5-year intervals 1995-2010. Biennial surveys (1994-2017) provided information on body mass index (BMI; dichotomized, categorical) and other individual characteristics. Change in BMI from age 18 (BMI18; tertiles) was also calculated. Aircraft noise exposures were dichotomized (45, 55 dB), categorized (<45, 45-54, ≥55 dB) or continuous for exposure ≥45 dB. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression using generalized estimating equations were adjusted for individual characteristics and neighborhood socioeconomic status, greenness, population density, and environmental noise. Effect modification was assessed by U.S. Census region, climate boundary, airline hub type, hearing loss, and smoking status. RESULTS At baseline, the 74,848 female participants averaged 50.1 years old, with 83.0%, 14.8%, and 2.2% exposed to <45, 45-54, and ≥55 dB of aircraft noise, respectively. In fully adjusted models, exposure ≥55 dB was associated with 11% higher odds (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: -1%, 24%) of BMIs ≥30.0, and 15% higher odds (95%CI: 3%, 29%) of membership in the highest tertile of BMI18 (ΔBMI 6.7 to 71.6). Less-pronounced associations were observed for the 2nd tertile of BMI18 (ΔBMI 2.9 to 6.6) and BMI 25.0-29.9 as well as exposures ≥45 versus <45 dB. There was evidence of DNL-BMI trends (ptrends ≤ 0.02). Stronger associations were observed among participants living in the West, arid climate areas, and among former smokers. DISCUSSION In two nationwide cohorts of female nurses, higher aircraft noise exposure was associated with higher BMI, adding evidence to an aircraft noise-obesity-disease pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bozigar
- School of Nutrition and Public Health, College of Health, Oregon State University, 160 SW 26th Street, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Francine Laden
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jaime E Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tianyi Huang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Nelson
- College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University, 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Stephanie T Grady
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jonathan I Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Junenette L Peters
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Vidal Bustamante CM, Coombs Iii G, Rahimi-Eichi H, Mair P, Onnela JP, Baker JT, Buckner RL. Precision Assessment of Real-World Associations Between Stress and Sleep Duration Using Actigraphy Data Collected Continuously for an Academic Year: Individual-Level Modeling Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e53441. [PMID: 38687600 PMCID: PMC11094608 DOI: 10.2196/53441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heightened stress and insufficient sleep are common in the transition to college, often co-occur, and have both been linked to negative health outcomes. A challenge concerns disentangling whether perceived stress precedes or succeeds changes in sleep. These day-to-day associations may vary across individuals, but short study periods and group-level analyses in prior research may have obscured person-specific phenotypes. OBJECTIVE This study aims to obtain stable estimates of lead-lag associations between perceived stress and objective sleep duration in the individual, unbiased by the group, by developing an individual-level linear model that can leverage intensive longitudinal data while remaining parsimonious. METHODS In total, 55 college students (n=6, 11% second-year students and n=49, 89% first-year students) volunteered to provide daily self-reports of perceived stress via a smartphone app and wore an actigraphy wristband for the estimation of daily sleep duration continuously throughout the academic year (median usable daily observations per participant: 178, IQR 65.5). The individual-level linear model, developed in a Bayesian framework, included the predictor and outcome of interest and a covariate for the day of the week to account for weekly patterns. We validated the model on the cohort of second-year students (n=6, used as a pilot sample) by applying it to variables expected to correlate positively within individuals: objective sleep duration and self-reported sleep quality. The model was then applied to the fully independent target sample of first-year students (n=49) for the examination of bidirectional associations between daily stress levels and sleep duration. RESULTS Proof-of-concept analyses captured expected associations between objective sleep duration and subjective sleep quality in every pilot participant. Target analyses revealed negative associations between sleep duration and perceived stress in most of the participants (45/49, 92%), but their temporal association varied. Of the 49 participants, 19 (39%) showed a significant association (probability of direction>0.975): 8 (16%) showed elevated stress in the day associated with shorter sleep later that night, 5 (10%) showed shorter sleep associated with elevated stress the next day, and 6 (12%) showed both directions of association. Of note, when analyzed using a group-based multilevel model, individual estimates were systematically attenuated, and some even reversed sign. CONCLUSIONS The dynamic interplay of stress and sleep in daily life is likely person specific. Paired with intensive longitudinal data, our individual-level linear model provides a precision framework for the estimation of stable real-world behavioral and psychological dynamics and may support the personalized prioritization of intervention targets for health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza M Vidal Bustamante
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Garth Coombs Iii
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Habiballah Rahimi-Eichi
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Patrick Mair
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jukka-Pekka Onnela
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Justin T Baker
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
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Torske A, Bremer B, Hölzel BK, Maczka A, Koch K. Mindfulness meditation modulates stress-eating and its neural correlates. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7294. [PMID: 38538663 PMCID: PMC10973375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress-related overeating can lead to excessive weight gain, increasing the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Mindfulness meditation has been demonstrated to reduce stress and increase interoceptive awareness and could, therefore, be an effective intervention for stress-related overeating behavior. To investigate the effects of mindfulness meditation on stress-eating behavior, meditation-naïve individuals with a tendency to stress-eat (N = 66) participated in either a 31-day, web-based mindfulness meditation training or a health training condition. Behavioral and resting-state fMRI data were acquired before and after the intervention. Mindfulness meditation training, in comparison to health training, was found to significantly increase mindfulness while simultaneously reducing stress- and emotional-eating tendencies as well as food cravings. These behavioral results were accompanied by functional connectivity changes between the hypothalamus, reward regions, and several areas of the default mode network in addition to changes observed between the insula and somatosensory areas. Additional changes between seed regions (i.e., hypothalamus and insula) and brain areas attributed to emotion regulation, awareness, attention, and sensory integration were observed. Notably, these changes in functional connectivity correlated with behavioral changes, thereby providing insight into the underlying neural mechanisms of the effects of mindfulness on stress-eating.Clinical trial on the ISRCTN registry: trial ID ISRCTN12901054.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Torske
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Benno Bremer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Britta Karen Hölzel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Maczka
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Koch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
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Liebert MA, Urlacher SS, Madimenos FC, Gildner TE, Cepon-Robins TJ, Harrington CJ, Bribiescas RG, Sugiyama LS, Snodgrass JJ. Variation in diurnal cortisol patterns among the Indigenous Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24056. [PMID: 38517108 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its primary end product, the glucocorticoid cortisol, are major components of the evolved human stress response. However, most studies have examined these systems among populations in high-income settings, which differ from the high pathogen and limited resource contexts in which the HPA axis functioned for most of human evolution. METHODS We investigated variability in diurnal salivary cortisol patterns among 298 Indigenous Shuar from Amazonian Ecuador (147 males, 151 females; age 2-86 years), focusing on the effects of age, biological sex, and body mass index (BMI) in shaping differences in diurnal cortisol production. Saliva samples were collected three times daily (waking, 30 minutes post-waking, evening) for three consecutive days to measure key cortisol parameters: levels at waking, the cortisol awakening response, the diurnal slope, and total daily output. RESULTS Age was positively associated with waking levels and total daily output, with Shuar juveniles and adolescents displaying significantly lower levels than adults (p < .05). Sex was not a significant predictor of cortisol levels (p > .05), as Shuar males and females displayed similar patterns of diurnal cortisol production across the life course. Moreover, age, sex, and BMI significantly interacted to moderate the rate of diurnal cortisol decline (p = .027). Overall, Shuar demonstrated relatively lower cortisol concentrations than high-income populations. CONCLUSIONS This study expands the documented range of global variation in HPA axis activity and diurnal cortisol production and provides important insights into the plasticity of human stress physiology across diverse developmental and socioecological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Liebert
- Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Samuel S Urlacher
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Child and Brain Development Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Felicia C Madimenos
- Department of Anthropology, Queens College (CUNY), Flushing, New York, USA
- New York Consortium of Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), CUNY Graduate Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Theresa E Gildner
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tara J Cepon-Robins
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado, Springs, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | | | - J Josh Snodgrass
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Center for Global Health, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Global Station for Indigenous Studies and Cultural Diversity, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Mosili P, Mkhize BC, Sibiya NH, Ngubane PS, Khathi A. Review of the direct and indirect effects of hyperglycemia on the HPA axis in T2DM and the co-occurrence of depression. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2024; 12:e003218. [PMID: 38413177 PMCID: PMC10900365 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia which is further associated with hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Several studies have shown that HPA axis hyperactivity is heightened in the chronic hyperglycemic state with severe hyperglycemic events more likely to result in a depressive disorder. The HPA axis is also regulated by the immune system. Upon stress, under homeostatic conditions, the immune system is activated via the sympatho-adrenal-medullary axis resulting in an immune response which secretes proinflammatory cytokines. These cytokines aid in the activation of the HPA axis during stress. However, in T2DM, where there is persistent hyperglycemia, the immune system is dysregulated resulting in the elevated concentrations of these cytokines. The HPA axis, already activated by the hyperglycemia, is further activated by the cytokines which all contribute to a diagnosis of depression in patients with T2DM. However, the onset of T2DM is often preceded by pre-diabetes, a reversible state of moderate hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Complications often seen in T2DM have been reported to begin in the pre-diabetic state. While the current management strategies have been shown to ameliorate the moderate hyperglycemic state and decrease the risk of developing T2DM, research is necessary for clinical studies to profile these direct effects of moderate hyperglycemia in pre-diabetes on the HPA axis and the indirect effects moderate hyperglycemia may have on the HPA axis by investigating the components of the immune system that play a role in regulating this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palesa Mosili
- Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Bongeka Cassandra Mkhize
- Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | | | - Phikelelani Sethu Ngubane
- Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Andile Khathi
- Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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Cozma D, Siatra P, Bornstein SR, Steenblock C. Sensitivity of the Neuroendocrine Stress Axis in Metabolic Diseases. Horm Metab Res 2024; 56:65-77. [PMID: 38171373 DOI: 10.1055/a-2201-6641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are prevalent in modern society and have reached pandemic proportions. Metabolic diseases have systemic effects on the body and can lead to changes in the neuroendocrine stress axis, the critical regulator of the body's stress response. These changes may be attributed to rising insulin levels and the release of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines by adipose tissue, which affect hormone production by the neuroendocrine stress axis. Chronic stress due to inflammation may exacerbate these effects. The increased sensitivity of the neuroendocrine stress axis may be responsible for the development of metabolic syndrome, providing a possible explanation for the high prevalence of severe comorbidities such as heart disease and stroke associated with metabolic disease. In this review, we address current knowledge of the neuroendocrine stress axis in response to metabolic disease and discuss its role in developing metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cozma
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Panagiota Siatra
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Steenblock
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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10
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Sumińska M, Podgórski R, Fichna P, Mazur A, Fichna M. Assessment of steroid enzymes action in children and adolescents with obesity. Steroids 2023; 200:109325. [PMID: 37806604 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Rising prevalence of obesity has become an important impulse to investigate basic mechanisms involved in regulating the energy balance. It is widely accepted that steroids are potent factors affecting glucose, fat, and protein metabolism. Our study was aimed to analyze differences in the total amount of selected enzymes implicated in steroid metabolism in a group of children suffering from obesity and those with normal weight, further subdivided according to sex and pubertal stage. Data were obtained from 187 Caucasian children and adolescents, including 113 patients (63 girls, 50 boys) with obesity and 74 (34 girls, 40 boys) normal weight volunteers. Standard clinical examinations were performed in both groups. To evaluate the impact of puberty, preadolescent children and those with advanced puberty were assessed separately. Urine steroid excretion profiles were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method. Children with obesity revealed several changes in in the total amount of steroid enzymes as assessed by the relevant metabolite proportions, compared to their norm weight peers. Girls showed a significant increase in the activity of 11βHSD1, while boys demonstrated a relevant elevation in 20αHSD action. Regardless of sex, children with obesity showed an increase in the activity of 5β-reductase + 3αHSD complex and a decrease in the involvement of 11βOH-lase. The effect is attenuated when consider pre- and pubertal subgroups. We hypothesize that changes in the activity levels of selected enzymes may be a compensatory mechanism to limit the glucocorticoid exposure of key target tissues as well as to improve metabolic control and reduce long-term complications of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sumińska
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Auxology and Obesity, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Rafał Podgórski
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Piotr Fichna
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Auxology and Obesity, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Artur Mazur
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Endocrinology and Diabetes, Collegium of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marta Fichna
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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11
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James DL, Larkey LK, Evans B, Sebren A, Goldsmith K, Ahlich E, Hawley NA, Kechter A, Sears DD. Mechanisms of improved body composition among perimenopausal women practicing Meditative Movement: a proposed biobehavioral model. Menopause 2023; 30:1114-1123. [PMID: 37788427 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Weight gain and unfavorable body composition are prevalent among midlife/older women throughout menopause. These shifts may negatively impact health, well-being, and longevity. Efforts to attenuate weight and body composition changes are traditionally driven by manipulation of diet and/or exercise; however, sustained results are limited, possibly because the full spectrum of biobehavioral systems is not addressed by diet and exercise alone. We propose a biobehavioral model detailing mechanisms of body composition decline among perimenopausal women and the associated components of Meditative Movement (ie, tai chi, qigong, yoga) that address each of these factors. METHODS Based on our previous work and extensive review of the literature, we developed a multifactorial and multidimensional biobehavioral model including factors that most directly relate to body composition among perimenopausal women: 1) psychological (ie, stress and mood, mindfulness and self-compassion, body awareness), 2) behavioral (ie, sleep, physical activity, eating behaviors), and 3) physiological (ie, cortisol, estrogen). Relationships between each factor, Meditative Movement practice components, and predicted effects on body composition were explored in detail. RESULTS Our model describes select psychological, behavioral, and physiological factors, and potential mechanistic pathways of Meditative Movement practice driving improved changes in body composition and weight outcomes for perimenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS The proposed model details a novel, evidence-supported means to reduce the risk of deleterious shifts in body composition throughout perimenopause and menopause thereafter. We suggest that these changes may occur directly and/or indirectly through psychological, behavioral, and physiological mechanisms that facilitate the desired changes in body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda K Larkey
- From the Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Bronwynne Evans
- From the Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Ann Sebren
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kimberley Goldsmith
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erica Ahlich
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL
| | - Nanako A Hawley
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL
| | | | - Dorothy D Sears
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
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12
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McFadden T, Carucci I, Farrell K, Fletchall E, Jarome TJ. Hypothalamic DNA 5-hydroxymethylation levels are altered by diet-induced weight gain during the development of obesity in a sex-specific manner. Brain Res 2023; 1817:148478. [PMID: 37422205 PMCID: PMC10529936 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health concern that is associated with altered gene transcription in the hypothalamus. However, the mechanisms controlling this gene expression dysregulation remain largely unknown. DNA 5-hydroxymethylation (5-hmC) is a potent transcriptional activator that is expressed at 10 times higher levels in the brain than the periphery. Despite this, no study has examined if DNA 5-hmC is altered in the brain following exposure to obesogenic diets or contributes to abnormal weight gain over time. Here, we used a rodent diet-induced obesity model in combination with quantitative molecular assays and CRISPR-dCas9 manipulations to test the role of hypothalamic DNA 5-hmC in abnormal weight gain in male and female rats. We found that males, but not females, have decreased levels of DNA 5-hmC in the hypothalamus following exposure to a high fat diet, which directly correlate with increased body weight. Short-term exposure to a high fat diet, which does not result in significant weight gain, resulted in decreased hypothalamic DNA 5-hmC levels, suggesting these changes occur prior to obesity development. Moreover, decreases in DNA 5-hmC persist even after the high fat diet is removed, though the extent of this is diet-dependent. Importantly, CRISPR-dCas9-mediated upregulation of DNA 5-hmC enzymes in the male, but not female, ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus significantly reduced the percentage of weight gained on the high fat diet relative to controls. These results suggest that hypothalamic DNA 5-hmC is an important sex-specific regulator of abnormal weight gain following exposure to high fat diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabella Carucci
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Timothy J Jarome
- School of Animal Sciences, USA; School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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13
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Tarar ZI, Farooq U, Nawaz A, Gandhi M, Ghouri YA, Bhatt A, Cash BD. Prevalence of Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome among Individuals with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Analysis of United States National Inpatient Sample Database. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2594. [PMID: 37892968 PMCID: PMC10604744 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder associated with other somatic disorders. We studied the prevalence and predictors of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in IBS patients. Methods: We used the National Inpatient Sample and included hospitalization of individuals with IBS, using ICD-10 codes, from 2016-2019. The prevalence and predictors of fibromyalgia and CFS in IBS patients were studied. Univariate and multivariate patient- and hospital-level regression models were used to calculate the adjusted odds of fibromyalgia and CFS in the IBS patient population. Results: Of 1,256,325 patients with an ICD-10 code of IBS included in the study, 10.73% (134,890) also had ICD-10 codes for fibromyalgia and 0.42% (5220) for CFS. The prevalence of fibromyalgia and CFS was significantly higher in IBS patients (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 5.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.24-5.41, p < 0.001, and AOR 5.40, 95% CI 5.04-5.78, p < 0.001, respectively) compared to the general adult population without IBS. IBS-diarrhea, IBS-constipation, and IBS-mixed types were independently associated with increased odds of fibromyalgia and CFS. Increasing age (AOR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.04, p 0.003; AOR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03, p 0.001), female gender (AOR 11.2, 95% CI 11.1-11.4, p < 0.001; AOR 1.86, 95% CI 1.78-1.93, p < 0.001) and white race (AOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.95-2.12, p < 0.001; AOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.34-2.13, p < 0.001) were independent predictors of increased odds of fibromyalgia and CFS, respectively. Conclusions: It appears that IBS is associated with an increased prevalence of somatic disorders such as fibromyalgia and CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Ijaz Tarar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Umer Farooq
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA;
| | - Ahmad Nawaz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suny Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Mustafa Gandhi
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Yezaz A. Ghouri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Asmeen Bhatt
- Center for Interventional Gastroenterology at UTHealth (iGUT), Division of Elective Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brooks D. Cash
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Texas Health-McGovern Medical School and UT Health Science Center at Houston, St. Houston, TX 77054, USA
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14
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Sarrafha L, Neavin DR, Parfitt GM, Kruglikov IA, Whitney K, Reyes R, Coccia E, Kareva T, Goldman C, Tipon R, Croft G, Crary JF, Powell JE, Blanchard J, Ahfeldt T. Novel human pluripotent stem cell-derived hypothalamus organoids demonstrate cellular diversity. iScience 2023; 26:107525. [PMID: 37646018 PMCID: PMC10460991 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a region of the brain that plays an important role in regulating body functions and behaviors. There is a growing interest in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) for modeling diseases that affect the hypothalamus. Here, we established an hPSC-derived hypothalamus organoid differentiation protocol to model the cellular diversity of this brain region. Using an hPSC line with a tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-TdTomato reporter for dopaminergic neurons (DNs) and other TH-expressing cells, we interrogated DN-specific pathways and functions in electrophysiologically active hypothalamus organoids. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed diverse neuronal and non-neuronal cell types in mature hypothalamus organoids. We identified several molecularly distinct hypothalamic DN subtypes that demonstrated different developmental maturities. Our in vitro 3D hypothalamus differentiation protocol can be used to study the development of this critical brain structure and can be applied to disease modeling to generate novel therapeutic approaches for disorders centered around the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Sarrafha
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Drew R. Neavin
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Gustavo M. Parfitt
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Kristen Whitney
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ricardo Reyes
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elena Coccia
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tatyana Kareva
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Camille Goldman
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Regine Tipon
- New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Gist Croft
- New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - John F. Crary
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Windreich Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joseph E. Powell
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- UNSW Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Joel Blanchard
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tim Ahfeldt
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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15
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Ramalho S, Martins-Mendes D, Macedo JM, Barros C, Luis C, Sá S, Gestoso Á, Pereira AC, Baylina P, Fernandes R. Unveiling the Path to Resilience: Prioritizing Mental Health, Sleep, and Nutrition in the Post-COVID Era. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2463. [PMID: 37685496 PMCID: PMC10487180 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11172463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted daily life, impacting relationships, work, and education. This has led to increased stress, anxiety, and depression, along with altered sleep patterns and eating behaviors. Quarantine and isolation have worsened mental health, especially in children and the elderly, due to the loss of activities and physical contact. Sleep disorders and negative dreams perpetuate poor sleep quality, increasing the risk of health issues. Sedentary lifestyles and emotional effects contribute to unhealthy eating patterns and obesity, exacerbated by disrupted routines and limited outdoor activities. Addressing these challenges requires prioritizing mental health, promoting healthy sleep habits, and addressing obesity factors. The pandemic has profoundly affected human well-being, but resilience, mental health, sleep, and nutrition can enhance overall well-being and adaptability in the post-COVID era. This comprehensive opinion aims to raise awareness of the wide-ranging impacts of this pandemic on various aspects of human well-being and to emphasize the importance of implementing strategies that prioritize mental health, improve sleep habits, address eating behaviors, and foster resilience to navigate and thrive in the face of future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ramalho
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Biologia, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Daniela Martins-Mendes
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Mário Macedo
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Biologia, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Carla Barros
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Luis
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Sá
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Álvaro Gestoso
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana Cláudia Pereira
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Pilar Baylina
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Escola S. Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
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Veber T, Pyko A, Carlsen HK, Holm M, Gislason T, Janson C, Johannessen A, Sommar JN, Modig L, Lindberg E, Schlünssen V, Toompere K, Orru H. Traffic noise in the bedroom in association with markers of obesity: a cross-sectional study and mediation analysis of the respiratory health in Northern Europe cohort. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1246. [PMID: 37370100 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests an association between road traffic noise and obesity, but current evidence is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to assess the association between nocturnal noise exposure and markers of obesity and to assess whether sleep disturbance might be a mediator in this association. METHODS We applied data from the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) cohort. We used self-measured waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) as outcome values. Noise exposure was assessed as perceived traffic noise in the bedroom and/or the bedroom window's location towards the street. We applied adjusted linear, and logistic regression models, evaluated effect modifications and conducted mediation analysis. RESULTS Based on fully adjusted models we found that women, who reported very high traffic noise levels in bedroom, had 1.30 (95% CI 0.24-2.37) kg/m2 higher BMI and 3.30 (95% CI 0.39-6.20) cm higher WC compared to women, who reported no traffic noise in the bedroom. Women who reported higher exposure to road traffic noise had statistically significant higher odds of being overweight and have abdominal obesity with OR varying from 1.15 to 1.26 compared to women, who reported no traffic noise in the bedroom. For men, the associations were rather opposite, although mostly statistically insignificant. Furthermore, men, who reported much or very much traffic noise in the bedroom, had a statistically significantly lower risk of abdominal obesity. Sleep disturbance fully or partially mediated the association between noise in bedroom and obesity markers among women. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that self-reported traffic noise in the bedroom may be associated to being overweight or obese trough sleep disturbance among women, but associations were inconclusive among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triin Veber
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andrei Pyko
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanne Krage Carlsen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mathias Holm
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ane Johannessen
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Johan Nilsson Sommar
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Modig
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eva Lindberg
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Research Unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karolin Toompere
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hans Orru
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Harfmann D, Florea A. Experimental envenomation with honeybee venom melittin and phospholipase A2 induced multiple ultrastructural changes in adrenocortical mitochondria. Toxicon 2023; 229:107136. [PMID: 37116588 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Bee stings represent a public health subject, but the mechanisms involved in bee venom toxicity are not yet fully understood. To evaluate the reactions of adrenocortical cells, through which organisms respond to stress, two honeybee venom components: melittin (Mlt) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) were tested as potential chemical stressors. Modifications were investigated with transmission electron microscopy and microanalysis. A single dose of Mlt (31 mg/kg) or PLA2 (9.3 mg/kg) was injected in rats of groups ML and PL; daily doses of Mlt (350 μg/kg) or PLA2 (105 μg/kg) were injected 30 days in rats of groups M30 and P30. Adrenocortical cells in ML group showed ultrastructural degenerative alterations of nuclei, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria that exhibited lipid inclusions and mitochondrial cristae (MC) re-organized into mono- or multimembrane large vesicles, and whorls of membranes. Many MC were degenerated. In the M30 group, similar ultrastructural changes, but of lower amplitude were noted; lipid cytosolic droplets were heterogenous. MC diameters in Mlt groups (melittin treated groups) were significantly higher than in control (C) group. In PL group, mitochondria contained large lipid inclusions, vesicular MC of different sizes and multiple membranes, and debris, or whorl structures. In P30 group MC were tubular with increased diameters. In both PLA2 groups (PLA2 treated groups) MC were significantly larger than in C group. We concluded that Mlt and PLA2 were powerful stressors, toxic at the tested doses, cellular reactions concerning in all groups mainly mitochondria, but also other cellular compartments. Apart from degenerative regression of MC, the rearrangement of tubular MC occurred into one or multiple large multimembrane vesicular MC. Reactions to the high doses were more pronounced, with the highest amplitude in ML group, and the lowest in P30 group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Harfmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Florea
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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18
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Sumińska M, Podgórski R, Fichna P, Mazur A, Fichna M. The Impact of Obesity on the Excretion of Steroid Metabolites in Boys and Girls: A Comparison with Normal-Weight Children. Nutrients 2023; 15:1734. [PMID: 37049573 PMCID: PMC10097123 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity in childhood is associated with several steroid changes, which result from excess body mass. The aim of this study was to evaluate steroid metabolism in children with obesity compared with those with normal weight, especially in relation to sex and puberty progress. We analyzed the clinical data of 191 children, aged between 5 and 18 years, with 115 affected (64 girls and 51 boys) and 76 unaffected (35 girls and 41 boys) by obesity. Routine clinical assessment and pubertal stage evaluation based upon Tanner's scale were performed. In addition, to evaluate the impact of puberty, children with pre-adolescence and advanced puberty were divided into separate subgroups. Then, 24 h urine steroid excretion profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Significant differences in the excretion of steroid metabolites were found between normal weight children and children with obesity, especially in the prepubertal cohort. In this group, we observed enhanced activity in all the pathways of adrenal steroidogenesis. Raised excretion of mineralocorticoid derivatives such as tetrahydro-11-deoxycorticosterone, tetrahydrocorticosterone, and 5α-tetrahydrocorticosterone supported increased activity of this track. No significant differences were detected in the excreted free forms of cortisol and cortisone, while the excretion of their characteristic tetrahydro-derivatives was different. In pre-adolescent children with obesity, α-cortol and especially α-cortolone appeared to be excreted more abundantly than β-cortol or β-cortolone. Furthermore, in children with obesity, we observed elevated androgen excretion with an enhanced backdoor pathway. As puberty progressed, remarkable reduction in the differences between adolescents with and without obesity was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sumińska
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Auxology and Obesity, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Rafał Podgórski
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Piotr Fichna
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Auxology and Obesity, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Artur Mazur
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Endocrinology and Diabetes, Collegium of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marta Fichna
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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19
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Househam AM. Effects of stress and mindfulness on epigenetics. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 122:283-306. [PMID: 36863798 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics are heritable changes in the rate of gene expression without any modification of the DNA sequence and occur in response to environmental changes. Tangible changes to the external surroundings may be practical causes for epigenetic modifications, playing a potential evolutionary role. While fight, flight, or freeze responses once served a concrete role in survival, modern humans may not face similar existential threats that warrant psychological stress. Yet, chronic mental stress is predominant in modern life. This chapter elucidates the deleterious epigenetic changes that occur due to chronic stress. In an exploration of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) as a potential antidote to such stress-induced epigenetic modifications, several pathways of action are uncovered. The epigenetic changes that occur because of mindfulness practice are demonstrated across the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, serotonergic transmission, genomic health and aging, and neurological biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Mukerji Househam
- Department of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, United States.
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20
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Marciniak M, Sato M, Rutkowski R, Zawada A, Juchacz A, Mahadea D, Grzymisławski M, Dobrowolska A, Kawka E, Korybalska K, Bręborowicz A, Witowski J, Kanikowska D. Effect of the one-day fasting on cortisol and DHEA daily rhythm regarding sex, chronotype, and age among obese adults. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1078508. [PMID: 36814510 PMCID: PMC9940638 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1078508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physiological and biochemical processes in the human body occur in a specific order and show rhythmic variability. Time dependence characterizes the secretion of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). One-day fasting implies alternating fasting days and eating days. The study aimed to determine how 24-h fasting affects the daily rhythm of cortisol and DHEA levels in obese people while taking into account gender and chronotype. Methods Forty-nine obese patients (BMI 32.2-67.1 kg/m2; 25 women and 24 men) underwent a 3-week hospital-controlled calorie restriction diet to reduce body weight. During hospitalization, patients fasted for 1 day, during which only water could be consumed. Samples of whole mixed unstimulated saliva were collected at 2-3-h intervals over a 64-h period and analyzed for cortisol and DHEA by immunoassays. The individual chronotypes were assessed by the morning and evening questionnaire, according to Horne and Östberg. Three components of daily rhythm were evaluated: amplitude, acrophase, and the so-called MESOR. Results Cortisol rhythm showed differences in amplitude (p = 0.0127) and acrophase (p = 0.0005). The amplitude on the fasting day was 11% higher (p = 0.224) than the day after. The acrophase advanced on the day of fasting, 48 min earlier than the day before (p = 0.0064), and by 39 min to the day after fasting (p = 0.0005). In the rhythm of DHEA, differences were found in the MESOR (p = 0.0381). The MESOR on the fasting day increased. Discussion Our results obtained during 64 consecutive hours of saliva sampling suggest that one-day fasting may affect three components of cortisol and DHEA daily rhythm. Additionally, no differences were found in the daily rhythm between the morning and evening chronotypes and between females and males. Although aging did not influence daily cortisol rhythm, DHEA amplitude, MESOR, and acrophase changed with age. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first presentation of changes in DHEA rhythm during one-day fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Marciniak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland,Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maki Sato
- Institutional Research, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Rafał Rutkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zawada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aldona Juchacz
- Greater Poland Center of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery of Eugenia and Janusz Zeyland, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dagmara Mahadea
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marian Grzymisławski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dobrowolska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
| | - Edyta Kawka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Korybalska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bręborowicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland,Collegium Medicum, Zielona Góra University, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Janusz Witowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dominika Kanikowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland,*Correspondence: Dominika Kanikowska,
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21
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Reid BM, Sokol N, Aubuchon-Endsley NL, Stroud LR. Maternal prenatal cortisol and the interaction of income and pre-pregnancy body mass index are independently associated with newborn cortisol. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22354. [PMID: 36567656 PMCID: PMC9940703 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While extensive research has supported the developmental programming hypothesis regarding contributions of prenatal psychosocial or nutritional adversity to offspring stress physiology, fewer studies consider both exposures together with maternal stress physiology. This study examined newborn cortisol output during a stressor as a function of maternal pre-pregnancy health status and nutritional history (pre-pregnancy body mass index [PPBMI]), economic resources (household income), and maternal cortisol awakening response (mCAR) in late pregnancy. Participants were 102 mother-infant pairs from an economically and racial/ethnically diverse sample. Offspring salivary cortisol response to a neurobehavioral exam was assessed at 1 month. Income and maternal PPBMI were positively associated with mCAR in late pregnancy. mCAR was positively related to 1-month newborn cortisol response. The interaction of income and PPBMI was positively associated with newborn cortisol output during an exam at 1-month. Mothers with the highest PPBMI and lowest income had offspring with higher cortisol responses than offspring of mothers with higher income and lower PPBMI. There was no evidence of indirect mediation effects of predictors (PPBMI, income, and interaction) on infant cortisol via mCAR. The differential effects of the interaction of PPBMI and income suggest that these exposures influence infant cortisol output in the context of one another, independent of maternal pregnancy cortisol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brie M. Reid
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Natasha Sokol
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Laura R. Stroud
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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22
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High-fat diet consumption by male rat offspring of obese mothers exacerbates adipose tissue hypertrophy and metabolic alterations in adult life. Br J Nutr 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36412162 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522003737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Obese mothers' offspring develop obesity and metabolic alterations in adulthood. Poor postnatal dietary patterns also contribute to obesity and its comorbidities. We aimed to determine whether in obese mothers' offspring an adverse postnatal environment, such as high-fat diet (HFD) consumption (second hit) exacerbates body fat accumulation, metabolic alterations and adipocyte size distribution. Female Wistar rats ate chow (C-5 %-fat) or HFD (maternal obesity (MO)-25 %-fat) from weaning until the end of lactation. Male offspring were weaned on either control (C/C and MO/C, maternal diet/offspring diet) or HFD (C/HF and MO/HF) diet. At 110 postnatal days, offspring were killed. Fat depots were excised to estimate adiposity index (AI). Serum glucose, triglyceride, leptin, insulin, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), corticosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were determined. Adipocyte size distribution was evaluated in retroperitoneal fat. Body weight was similar in C/C and MO/C but higher in C/HF and MO/HF. AI, leptin, insulin and HOMA-IR were higher in MO/C and C/HF v. C/C but lower than MO/HF. Glucose increased in MO/HF v. MO/C. C/HF and MO/C had higher triglyceride and corticosterone than C/C, but lower corticosterone than MO/HF. DHEA and the DHEA/corticosterone ratio were lower in C/HF and MO/C v. C/C, but higher than MO/HF. Small adipocyte proportion decreased while large adipocyte proportions increased in MO/C and C/HF v. C/C and exacerbated in MO/HF v. C/HF. Postnatal consumption of a HFD by the offspring of obese mothers exacerbates body fat accumulation as well as the decrease of small and the increase of large adipocytes, which leads to larger metabolic abnormalities.
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23
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Munroe D, Moore MA, Bonnet JP, Rastorguieva K, Mascaro JS, Craighead LW, Haack CI, Quave CL, Bergquist SH. Development of Culinary and Self-Care Programs in Diverse Settings: Theoretical Considerations and Available Evidence. Am J Lifestyle Med 2022; 16:672-683. [PMID: 36389039 PMCID: PMC9644137 DOI: 10.1177/15598276211031493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Culinary-based self-care programs are innovative and increasingly utilized models for catalyzing behavior change and improving health and well-being. The content, duration, and delivery of existing programs vary considerably. Between January and August 2019, we developed a teaching kitchen and self-care curriculum, which was administered as part of a year-long worksite well-being program to employees at an academic healthcare system. The curriculum domains included culinary skills, nutrition, physical activity, yoga, stress management, mindful eating, and ethnobotany. An informal systematic literature search was performed to assemble and evaluate key principles and practices related to self-care domains, learning methodologies, and programmatic design considerations. Here, we provide a qualitative summary of the evidence-informed development of the curriculum intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Munroe
- American University of Integrated
Sciences, St. Michael, Barbado (DM); Department of Family and Preventive
Medicine; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (MAM, JPB, JSM); Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA, USA (KR); Department of Psychology (LWC); Department of
Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (CIH); Department of Dermatology, Emory University (CLQ); and Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (SHB)
| | - Miranda A. Moore
- American University of Integrated
Sciences, St. Michael, Barbado (DM); Department of Family and Preventive
Medicine; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (MAM, JPB, JSM); Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA, USA (KR); Department of Psychology (LWC); Department of
Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (CIH); Department of Dermatology, Emory University (CLQ); and Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (SHB)
| | - Jonathan P. Bonnet
- American University of Integrated
Sciences, St. Michael, Barbado (DM); Department of Family and Preventive
Medicine; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (MAM, JPB, JSM); Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA, USA (KR); Department of Psychology (LWC); Department of
Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (CIH); Department of Dermatology, Emory University (CLQ); and Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (SHB)
| | - Krystyna Rastorguieva
- American University of Integrated
Sciences, St. Michael, Barbado (DM); Department of Family and Preventive
Medicine; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (MAM, JPB, JSM); Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA, USA (KR); Department of Psychology (LWC); Department of
Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (CIH); Department of Dermatology, Emory University (CLQ); and Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (SHB)
| | - Jennifer S. Mascaro
- American University of Integrated
Sciences, St. Michael, Barbado (DM); Department of Family and Preventive
Medicine; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (MAM, JPB, JSM); Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA, USA (KR); Department of Psychology (LWC); Department of
Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (CIH); Department of Dermatology, Emory University (CLQ); and Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (SHB)
| | - Linda W. Craighead
- American University of Integrated
Sciences, St. Michael, Barbado (DM); Department of Family and Preventive
Medicine; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (MAM, JPB, JSM); Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA, USA (KR); Department of Psychology (LWC); Department of
Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (CIH); Department of Dermatology, Emory University (CLQ); and Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (SHB)
| | - Carla I. Haack
- American University of Integrated
Sciences, St. Michael, Barbado (DM); Department of Family and Preventive
Medicine; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (MAM, JPB, JSM); Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA, USA (KR); Department of Psychology (LWC); Department of
Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (CIH); Department of Dermatology, Emory University (CLQ); and Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (SHB)
| | - Cassandra L. Quave
- American University of Integrated
Sciences, St. Michael, Barbado (DM); Department of Family and Preventive
Medicine; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (MAM, JPB, JSM); Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA, USA (KR); Department of Psychology (LWC); Department of
Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (CIH); Department of Dermatology, Emory University (CLQ); and Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (SHB)
| | - Sharon H. Bergquist
- American University of Integrated
Sciences, St. Michael, Barbado (DM); Department of Family and Preventive
Medicine; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (MAM, JPB, JSM); Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA, USA (KR); Department of Psychology (LWC); Department of
Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (CIH); Department of Dermatology, Emory University (CLQ); and Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (SHB)
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24
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Marcusson-Clavertz D, Sliwinski MJ, Buxton OM, Kim J, Almeida DM, Smyth JM. Relationships between daily stress responses in everyday life and nightly sleep. J Behav Med 2022; 45:518-532. [PMID: 35032255 PMCID: PMC10710174 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-021-00281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Stress and sleep are related, but the nature and time course of this relation is not well understood. We explored the within-person associations of three components of emotional responses to everyday stressors, indexed by negative affect, reactivity (initial response to a stressor), recovery (persistence of the post-stressor response), and pile-up (accumulation of stress episodes), with sleep indicators. We conducted coordinated analyses of data in several studies employing ecological momentary assessments, which captured naturally occurring, self-reported stress and sleep. We defined proximal reactivity as the emotional response to the stressor moment in question compared to an immediate pre-stressor state, and distal reactivity as the emotional response to the stressor moment in question compared to a typical stressor-free state for that person. Results in two of three studies showed that people reported significantly lower sleep quality following days on which they experienced higher levels of distal reactivity to stressors. Days with greater distal reactivity also predicted significantly more difficulty falling asleep in one of two studies. There was no clear association between proximal reactivity and subsequent sleep. Associations of recovery or pile-up with subsequent sleep emerged only in single studies. Poorer sleep quality was significantly related to higher next day levels of negative affect in all three studies, but there were no consistent relations between sleep and next day stress reactivity, recovery, or pile-up. These exploratory analyses suggest that distal reactivity is associated with a heightened risk of experiencing poor sleep quality the following night, and as such the former may serve as a candidate for potential targets for the remediation of the negative effects of stress on sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Marcusson-Clavertz
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
| | | | - Orfeu M Buxton
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jinhyuk Kim
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Informatics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Joshua M Smyth
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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25
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Onninen J, Pylkkönen M, Hakola T, Puttonen S, Virkkala J, Tolvanen A, Sallinen M. The self-reported stress and stressors in tram and long-haul truck drivers. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2022; 102:103761. [PMID: 35405456 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Work stress may compromise professional drivers' health and driving capacity. Differences between driver groups in terms of on-duty stress are understudied. Therefore, we examined self-reported stress (Stockholm University Stress Scale) of shift-working tram and long-haul truck drivers (n = 75) across 2-3 weeks. Furthermore, stressors were self-reported retrospectively and categorised as related to the job, driving conditions, personal, or other causes. Stress levels were generally low, but moderate to high stress (≥6) was more frequently reported among the tram drivers. Stressors related to the job (54%) and driving conditions (19% of all shifts) were frequently reported among the tram and truck drivers, respectively. Moderate to high stress was associated with categorised stressors related to the job and other causes among the tram drivers, and all categorised stressors among the truck drivers. Altogether, self-reported stress and stressors differ by driver group, but the role of shift type is less significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Onninen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland.
| | - Mia Pylkkönen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Tarja Hakola
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032, Finland
| | - Sampsa Puttonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032, Finland
| | - Jussi Virkkala
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 22, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Asko Tolvanen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Mikael Sallinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland
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Cheng RK, Tan JXM, Chua KX, Tan CJX, Wee CL. Osmotic Stress Uncovers Correlations and Dissociations Between Larval Zebrafish Anxiety Endophenotypes. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:900223. [PMID: 35813064 PMCID: PMC9269111 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.900223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Larval zebrafish are often used to model anxiety disorders. However, since it is impossible to recapitulate the full complexity and heterogeneity of anxiety in this model, examining component endophenotypes is key to dissecting the mechanisms underlying anxiety. While individual anxiety endophenotypes have been examined in zebrafish, an understanding of the relationships between them is still lacking. Here, we investigate the effects of osmotic stress on a range of anxiety endophenotypes such as thigmotaxis, dark avoidance, light-dark transitions, sleep, night startle, and locomotion. We also report a novel assay for stress-induced anorexia that extends and improves on previously reported food intake quantification methods. We show that acute <30 min osmotic stress decreases feeding but has no effect on dark avoidance. Further, acute osmotic stress dose-dependently increases thigmotaxis and freezing in a light/dark choice condition, but not uniform light environmental context. Prolonged >2 h osmotic stress has similar suppressive effects on feeding while also significantly increasing dark avoidance and sleep, with weaker effects on thigmotaxis and freezing. Notably, the correlations between anxiety endophenotypes were dependent on both salt and dark exposure, with increased dissociations at higher stressor intensities. Our results demonstrate context-dependent effects of osmotic stress on diverse anxiety endophenotypes, and highlight the importance of examining multiple endophenotypes in order to gain a more complete understanding of anxiety mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Caroline Lei Wee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
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Kinlein SA, Wallace NK, Savenkova MI, Karatsoreos IN. Chronic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis disruption alters glutamate homeostasis and neural responses to stress in male C57Bl6/N mice. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 19:100466. [PMID: 35720261 PMCID: PMC9198473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well-established that stress elicits brain- and body-wide changes in physiology and has significant impacts on many aspects of health. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is the major neuroendocrine system mediating the integrated response to stress. Appropriate engagement and termination of HPA activity enhances survival and optimizes physiological and behavioral responses to stress, while dysfunction of this system is linked to negative health outcomes such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Glutamate signaling plays a large role in the transmission of stress-related information throughout the brain. Furthermore, aberrant glutamate signaling has negative consequences for neural plasticity and synaptic function and is linked to stress-related pathology. However, the connection between HPA dysfunction and glutamate signaling is not fully understood. We tested how HPA axis dysfunction (using low dose chronic corticosterone in the drinking water) affects glutamate homeostasis and neural responses under baseline and acute stress in male C57BL/6N mice. Using laser microdissection and transcriptomic analyses, we show that chronic disruption of the HPA axis alters the expression of genes related to glutamate signaling in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus, and amygdala. While neural responses to stress (as measured by FOS) in the hippocampus and amygdala were not affected in our model of HPA dysfunction, we observed an exaggerated response to stress in the mPFC. To further probe this we undertook in vivo biosensor measurements of the dynamics of extracellular glutamate responses to stress in the mPFC in real-time, and found glutamate dynamics in the mPFC were significantly altered by chronic HPA dysfunction. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that chronic HPA axis dysfunction alters glutamatergic signaling in regions known to regulate emotional behavior, providing more evidence linking HPA dysfunction and stress vulnerability.
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Copperi F, Kim JD, Diano S. Melanocortin Signaling Connecting Systemic Metabolism With Mood Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:879-887. [PMID: 34344535 PMCID: PMC8643363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and mood disorders are often overlapping pathologies that are prevalent public health concerns. Many studies have indicated a positive correlation between depression and obesity, although weight loss and decreased appetite are also recognized as features of depression. Accordingly, DSM-5 defines two subtypes of depression associated with changes in feeding: melancholic depression, characterized by anhedonia and associated with decreased feeding and appetite; and atypical depression, characterized by fatigue, sleepiness, hyperphagia, and weight gain. The central nervous system plays a key role in the regulation of feeding and mood, thus suggesting that overlapping neuronal circuits may be involved in their modulation. However, these circuits have yet to be completely characterized. The central melanocortin system, a circuitry characterized by the expression of specific peptides (pro-opiomelanocortins, agouti-related protein, and neuropeptide Y) and their melanocortin receptors, has been shown to be a key player in the regulation of feeding. In addition, the melanocortin system has also been shown to affect anxiety and depressive-like behavior, thus suggesting a possible role of the melanocortin system as a biological substrate linking feeding and depression. However, more studies are needed to fully understand this complex system and its role in regulating metabolic and mood disorders. In this review, we will discuss the current literature on the role of the melanocortin system in human and animal models in feeding and mood regulation, providing evidence of the biological interplay between anxiety, major depressive disorders, appetite, and body weight regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Copperi
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Jung Dae Kim
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Sabrina Diano
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
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29
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Sheikhi V, Heidari Z. Increase in Thyrotropin Is Associated with an Increase in Serum Prolactin in Euthyroid Subjects and Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2022; 35:167. [PMID: 35505831 PMCID: PMC9034874 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.35.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prevalence and clinical significance of hyperprolactinemia in subclinical hypothyroidism have been reported in few studies. The upper limit of the normal range for TSH used to diagnose subclinical hypothyroidism is a matter of controversy. Some experts believe that the upper limit of the normal TSH range should be reduced from 4.2 to 2.5 mIU/L. Some evidence suggests a positive relationship between TSH > 2.5 mIU/L and cortisol as an indicator of metabolic stress. With this view prolactin as a stress hormone can be elevated in TSH >2.5 in comparison to TSH< 2.5. Hence the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between TSH and prolactin levels in the TSH range <10.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on apparently healthy subjects with TSH<10 mIU/L. Subjects with the age of 18 to 35 years were enrolled. The sera were analyzed for prolactin, FT3, FT4, TSH, TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab.
Results: From the total number of 519 participants, in 65 subjects (12.5%) TSH was < 2.5. Seventy-nine subjects (15.2%) had TSH: 2.5-4.2 and 375 (72.3%) of the participants had TSH> 4.2 mIU/L. The mean age, weight and BMI of subjects in the three TSH groups were not significantly different. In the three TSH groups, the prevalence of hyperprolactinemia was zero, 3.8 and 30.7%, respectively. There was a positive and significant correlation between prolactin and TSH levels (r=0.613).
Conclusion: Hyperprolactinemia is common in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (30.7%) and there is a positive correlation between TSH and PRL in subjects with TSH<10 mIU/l.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Sheikhi
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Christaki EV, Pervanidou P, Papassotiriou I, Bastaki D, Valavani E, Mantzou A, Giannakakis G, Boschiero D, Chrousos GP. Stress, Inflammation and Metabolic Biomarkers Are Associated with Body Composition Measures in Lean, Overweight, and Obese Children and Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9020291. [PMID: 35205011 PMCID: PMC8870192 DOI: 10.3390/children9020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the associations between multiple indices of stress, inflammation and metabolism vs. body composition parameters in 121 (43 boys, 78 girls) children and adolescents, aged 5–15 y. Subjects were divided into two groups: normal weight (N) (N = 40, BMI z-score = −0.1923 ± 0.6), and overweight/obese (OB) (N = 81, BMI z-score = 2.1947 ± 1.4). All subjects completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) and Children’s Depression Inventory, and underwent cortisol measurements in hair, diurnal series of saliva, and morning serum. Circulating concentrations of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and other inflammation biomarkers were also obtained. Body composition analysis was performed with a clinically validated, advanced bioimpedance apparatus (BIA), while heart rate variability (HRV) was measured as a stress biomarker by photoplethysmography (PPG). The OB group had a higher STAIC-state score, waist-to-hip ratio, skeletal muscle mass, and total and abdominal fat mass, and a lower percent fat-free mass (FFM) and bone density than the N group. HRV did not differ between the groups. In the entire population, percent fat mass correlated strongly with circulating hsCRP (r = 0.397, p = 0.001), ferritin, and other inflammatory biomarkers, as well as with indices of insulin resistance. A strong correlation between serum hsCRP and hair cortisol was also observed (r = 0.777, p < 0.001), suggesting interrelation of chronic stress and inflammation. Thus, body fat accumulation in children and adolescents was associated with an elevation in clinical and laboratory biomarkers of stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. BIA-ACC and PPG can be utilized as a direct screening tool for assessing overweight- and obesity -related health risks in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini V. Christaki
- Childhood Obesity Clinic, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.P.); (A.M.); (G.P.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- Childhood Obesity Clinic, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.P.); (A.M.); (G.P.C.)
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.B.); (E.V.)
| | - Ioannis Papassotiriou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Despoina Bastaki
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.B.); (E.V.)
| | - Eleni Valavani
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.B.); (E.V.)
| | - Aimilia Mantzou
- Childhood Obesity Clinic, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.P.); (A.M.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Giorgos Giannakakis
- Computational Biomedicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- Institute of AgriFood and Life Sciences, University Research Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - George P. Chrousos
- Childhood Obesity Clinic, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.P.); (A.M.); (G.P.C.)
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.B.); (E.V.)
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Majmudar D, East P, Martinez S, Blanco E, Lozoff B, Burrows R, Gahagan S. Associations between adverse home environments and appetite hormones, adipokines, and adiposity among Chilean adolescents. Clin Obes 2022; 12:e12488. [PMID: 34569164 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Little is known regarding the relationship between adverse home environments and hormones important in regulation of appetite and their impact on obesity in children and adolescents. In this study, we examined the impact of socioeconomic economic status, family stress and maternal depressive symptoms on appetite hormones, adipokines and adiposity. To determine whether adverse home environments in childhood and adolescence relate to adiposity in adolescence and disruptions in appetite hormones and adipokines, specifically lower levels of adiponectin and ghrelin and elevated levels of leptin and orexin. Adversity in the home (maternal depressive symptoms, family stress, socioeconomic disadvantage) was measured in the households of 593 Chilean youth at age 10 years (52.3% male) and in 606 youth at 16 years. At 16 years, participants provided fasting blood samples for assessment of adipokines and appetite hormones. Waist-to-height ratio was used to assess central adiposity. Correlational analyses examined associations between continuous levels of adversity in childhood and adolescence and appetite hormones and adiposity in adolescence. Multinomial logistic regressions compared hormone levels by tertiles of adversity. Participants were 52% male, with average age at the 16 years hormone assessment being 16.8 (n = 606, SD = 0.26). Those with highest maternal depression at age 10 had lower adiponectin OR = 0.95 [95% CI: 0.91, 0.99], p = 0.005) and ghrelin levels (OR = 0.98 [95% CI: 0.98, 1.00), p = 0.022) than those in the lowest maternal depression group at age 16. Those with the highest family stress at 16 years had lower adiponectin levels (OR = 0.93 [95% CI: 0.89, 0.98), p = 0.004) and higher central adiposity (OR = 1.05 [1.01, 1.08], p = 0.009) than the lowest family stress group. There were no significant associations found between socioeconomic status at either 10 or 16 years and appetite hormones. Results add new evidence regarding the relationship between household adversity to appetite hormones and adipokines, with the most consistent results for adiponectin. Current findings suggest that the relationship between home environment and adipokines and appetite hormones may play a role in altered adiposity in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshna Majmudar
- Frank H Netter School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Patricia East
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Suzanna Martinez
- School of Public Health, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Estela Blanco
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Betsy Lozoff
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Raquel Burrows
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sheila Gahagan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Um YJ, Chang Y, Jung HS, Cho IY, Shin JH, Shin H, Wild SH, Byrne CD, Ryu S. Decrease in Sleep Duration and Poor Sleep Quality over Time Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Incident Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12010092. [PMID: 35055407 PMCID: PMC8777783 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of changes in sleep duration and sleep quality over time on the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not known. We investigated whether changes in sleep duration and in sleep quality between baseline and follow-up are associated with the risk of developing incident NAFLD. The cohort study included 86,530 Korean adults without NAFLD and with a low fibrosis score at baseline. The median follow-up was 3.6 years. Sleep duration and quality were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Hepatic steatosis (HS) and liver fibrosis were assessed using ultrasonography and the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4). Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cis). A total of 12,127 subjects with incident HS and 559 with incident HS plus intermediate/high FIB-4 was identified. Comparing the decrease in sleep duration of >1 h, with stable sleep duration, the multivariate-adjusted HR (95% CIs) for incident HS was 1.24 (1.15–1.35). The corresponding HRs for incident HS plus intermediate/high FIB-4 was 1.58 (1.10–2.29). Comparing persistently poor sleep quality with persistently good sleep quality, the multivariate-adjusted HR for incident HS was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.05–1.20). A decrease in sleep duration or poor sleep quality over time was associated with an increased risk of incident NAFLD, underscoring an important potential role for good sleep in preventing NAFLD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Um
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea; (Y.J.U.); (H.-S.J.); (I.Y.C.); (J.H.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Hyun-Suk Jung
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea; (Y.J.U.); (H.-S.J.); (I.Y.C.); (J.H.S.); (H.S.)
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea
| | - In Young Cho
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea; (Y.J.U.); (H.-S.J.); (I.Y.C.); (J.H.S.); (H.S.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Shin
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea; (Y.J.U.); (H.-S.J.); (I.Y.C.); (J.H.S.); (H.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea
| | - Hocheol Shin
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea; (Y.J.U.); (H.-S.J.); (I.Y.C.); (J.H.S.); (H.S.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea
| | - Sarah H. Wild
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK;
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK;
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (S.R.)
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33
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Role of Distinct Fat Depots in Metabolic Regulation and Pathological Implications. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 186:135-176. [PMID: 35915363 DOI: 10.1007/112_2022_73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
People suffering from obesity and associated metabolic disorders including diabetes are increasing exponentially around the world. Adipose tissue (AT) distribution and alteration in their biochemical properties play a major role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that AT heterogeneity and depot-specific physiological changes are vital in the development of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues like muscle and liver. Classically, AT depots are classified into white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT); WAT is the site of fatty acid storage, while BAT is a dedicated organ of metabolic heat production. The discovery of beige adipocyte clusters in WAT depots indicates AT heterogeneity has a more central role than hither to ascribed. Therefore, we have discussed in detail the current state of understanding on cellular and molecular origin of different AT depots and their relevance toward physiological metabolic homeostasis. A major focus is to highlight the correlation between altered WAT distribution in the body and metabolic pathogenesis in animal models and humans. We have also underscored the disparity in the molecular (including signaling) changes in various WAT tissues during diabetic pathogenesis. Exercise-mediated beneficial alteration in WAT physiology/distribution that protects against metabolic disorders is evolving. Here we have discussed the depot-specific biochemical adjustments induced by different forms of exercise. A detailed understanding of the molecular details of inter-organ crosstalk via substrate utilization/storage and signaling through chemokines provide strategies to target selected WAT depots to pharmacologically mimic the benefits of exercise countering metabolic diseases including diabetes.
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34
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Davies C, Appiah-Kusi E, Wilson R, Blest-Hopley G, Bossong MG, Valmaggia L, Brammer M, Perez J, Allen P, Murray RM, McGuire P, Bhattacharyya S. Altered relationship between cortisol response to social stress and mediotemporal function during fear processing in people at clinical high risk for psychosis: a preliminary report. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:461-475. [PMID: 34480630 PMCID: PMC8938358 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that people at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR) have a blunted cortisol response to stress and altered mediotemporal activation during fear processing, which may be neuroendocrine-neuronal signatures of maladaptive threat responses. However, whether these facets are associated with each other and how this relationship is affected by cannabidiol treatment is unknown. We examined the relationship between cortisol response to social stress and mediotemporal function during fear processing in healthy people and in CHR patients. In exploratory analyses, we investigated whether treatment with cannabidiol in CHR individuals could normalise any putative alterations in cortisol-mediotemporal coupling. 33 CHR patients were randomised to 600 mg cannabidiol or placebo treatment. Healthy controls (n = 19) did not receive any drug. Mediotemporal function was assessed using a fearful face-processing functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm. Serum cortisol and anxiety were measured immediately following the Trier Social Stress Test. The relationship between cortisol and mediotemporal blood-oxygen-level-dependent haemodynamic response was investigated using linear regression. In healthy controls, there was a significant negative relationship between cortisol and parahippocampal activation (p = 0.023), such that the higher the cortisol levels induced by social stress, the lower the parahippocampal activation (greater deactivation) during fear processing. This relationship differed significantly between the control and placebo groups (p = 0.033), but not between the placebo and cannabidiol groups (p = 0.67). Our preliminary findings suggest that the parahippocampal response to fear processing may be associated with the neuroendocrine (cortisol) response to experimentally induced social stress, and that this relationship may be altered in patients at clinical high risk for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Davies
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Elizabeth Appiah-Kusi
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Robin Wilson
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Grace Blest-Hopley
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Matthijs G. Bossong
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Valmaggia
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK ,grid.37640.360000 0000 9439 0839National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael Brammer
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jesus Perez
- grid.450563.10000 0004 0412 9303CAMEO Early Intervention Service, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Allen
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK ,grid.35349.380000 0001 0468 7274Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK ,grid.416167.30000 0004 0442 1996Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Robin M. Murray
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK ,grid.37640.360000 0000 9439 0839National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK ,grid.37640.360000 0000 9439 0839Outreach and Support in South London (OASIS) Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sagnik Bhattacharyya
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
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Zhang J, Ye J, Tao X, Lu W, Chen X, Liu C. Sleep disturbances, sleep quality, and cardiovascular risk factors in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:971604. [PMID: 36176474 PMCID: PMC9513052 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.971604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To establish the prevalence of sleep disorders in women with PCOS. (2) To establish the association between sleep disturbance and cardiovascular risk factors in women with PCOS. METHODS The electronic databases PubMed and EMBASE were searched for observational studies of individuals with PCOS published in English from inception to 21 October 2021. The dichotomous outcome measure was presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The mean difference (MD) in continuous variables was expressed for each study. RESULTS A total of 18 articles were included in this meta-analysis, with a total of 16,152 participants from nine different countries. Women with PCOS had a high prevalence of sleep disturbance (OR = 6.22; 95% CI: 2.77, 13.97; p < 0.001), higher PSQI scores (MD = 2.10; 95% CI: 0.29, 3.90; p = 0.02), and shorter duration of sleep (MD = -15.65 min; 95% CI: -27.18, -4.13; p = 0.008). We found that body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), fasting glucose, 2-h glucose, and waist circumference (WC) levels were significantly higher and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) was significantly lower in PCOS with sleep disturbance than in PCOS without sleep disturbance. CONCLUSIONS The current study shows a high prevalence of sleep disturbance in women with PCOS and provides evidence of an association between cardiovascular risk factors and sleep disturbance among this population. Increased attention should be paid to sleep management in clinical guidelines for PCOS. UNLABELLED Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022298040.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Ye
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinge Tao
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Changqin Liu, ; Xueqin Chen,
| | - Changqin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Diabetes Prevention and Control Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Changqin Liu, ; Xueqin Chen,
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Raff H, Phillips J, Simpson P, Weisman SJ, Hainsworth KR. Interaction of chronic pain, obesity and time of day on cortisol in female human adolescents. Stress 2022; 25:331-336. [PMID: 36330600 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2022.2142778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent obesity augments and impedes the treatment of chronic pain. This is associated with increased systemic inflammation and is more prominent in females. In addition, pain and obesity each independently affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, the interaction of pain and obesity on the HPA axis and the potential for sexual dimorphism in this phenomenon is not established. We hypothesized that dysregulation of the HPA axis occurs in female human adolescents with chronic pain, obesity, or the combination of the two and is associated with gonadal steroids. We measured serum cortisol, estradiol, and testosterone in 13-17-year-old adolescent females (N = 79) from venous blood drawn during the daytime (0830-1730 h) and analyzed the data in toto and partitioned by morning vs. afternoon sampling time. Subjects were categorized as healthy weight/no pain (controls; BMI = 56th percentile [37-71]), healthy weight with chronic pain, obese without pain (BMI = 97th percentile [95-99]), or the combination of obesity and chronic pain. Serum cortisol was lower with chronic pain and/or obesity compared to healthy controls and was lower with chronic pain and obesity compared to chronic pain alone (healthy weight). The lower serum cortisol in the pain alone group was more prominent in the morning compared to the afternoon. There was no relationship between serum estradiol and testosterone and study group. The decrease in the anti-inflammatory and other pain-ameliorating effects of cortisol may contribute to chronic pain and its resistance to treatment with concurrent obesity in female adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hershel Raff
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine), Surgery, and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jonathan Phillips
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Pippa Simpson
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Biostatistics Core, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Steven J Weisman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Jane B. Pettit Pain and Headache Center, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Keri R Hainsworth
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Jane B. Pettit Pain and Headache Center, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Lee RS, Zandi PP, Santos A, Aulinas A, Carey JL, Webb SM, McCaul ME, Resmini E, Wand GS. Cross-species Association Between Telomere Length and Glucocorticoid Exposure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e5124-e5135. [PMID: 34265046 PMCID: PMC8787853 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Chronic exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs) or stress increases the risk of medical disorders, including cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric disorders. GCs contribute to accelerated aging; however, while the link between chronic GC exposure and disease onset is well established, the underpinning mechanisms are not clear. OBJECTIVE We explored the potential nexus between GCs or stress exposure and telomere length. METHODS In addition to rats exposed to 3 weeks of chronic stress, an iatrogenic mouse model of Cushing syndrome (CS), and a mouse neuronal cell line, we studied 32 patients with CS and age-matched controls and another cohort of 75 healthy humans. RESULTS (1) Exposure to stress in rats was associated with a 54.5% (P = 0.036) reduction in telomere length in T cells. Genomic DNA (gDNA) extracted from the dentate gyrus of stressed and unstressed rats showed 43.2% reduction in telomere length (P = 0.006). (2) Mice exposed to corticosterone had a 61.4% reduction in telomere length in blood gDNA (P = 5.75 × 10-5) and 58.8% reduction in telomere length in the dentate gyrus (P = 0.002). (3) We observed a 40.8% reduction in the telomere length in patients with active CS compared to healthy controls (P = 0.006). There was a 17.8% reduction in telomere length in cured CS patients, which was not different from that of healthy controls (P = 0.08). For both cured and active CS, telomere length correlated significantly with duration of hypercortisolism (R2 = 0.22, P = 0.007). (4) There was a 27.6% reduction in telomere length between low and high tertiles in bedtime cortisol levels of healthy participants (P = 0.019). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that exposure to stress and/or GCs is associated with shortened telomeres, which may be partially reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Peter P Zandi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Alicia Santos
- Endocrinology/Medicine Department, Hospital Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER, Unit747), IIB-Sant Pau, ISCIII and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Aulinas
- Endocrinology/Medicine Department, Hospital Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER, Unit747), IIB-Sant Pau, ISCIII and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jenny L Carey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Susan M Webb
- Endocrinology/Medicine Department, Hospital Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER, Unit747), IIB-Sant Pau, ISCIII and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mary E McCaul
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eugenia Resmini
- Correspondence: Eugenia Resmini, MD, PhD, Endocrinology/Medicine Department, Hospital Sant Pau, CIBER-ER, Unit747, IIB-Sant Pau, ISCIII, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gary S Wand
- Gary S. Wand, MD, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Martinez-Cardoso AM, Geronimus AT. The Weight of Migration: Reconsidering Health Selection and Return Migration among Mexicans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12136. [PMID: 34831894 PMCID: PMC8624630 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
While migration plays a key role in shaping the health of Mexican migrants in the US and those in Mexico, contemporary Mexican migration trends may challenge the health selection and return migration hypotheses, two prevailing assumptions of how migration shapes health. Using data from the Mexican Family Life Survey (2002; 2005), we tested these two hypotheses by comparing the cardiometabolic health profiles of (1) Mexico-US future migrants and nonmigrants and (2) Mexico-US return migrants and nonmigrants. First, we found limited evidence for health selection: the cardiometabolic health of Mexico-US future migrants was not measurably better than the health of their compatriots who did not migrate, although migrants differed demographically from nonmigrants. However, return migrants had higher levels of adiposity compared to those who stayed in Mexico throughout their lives; time spent in the US was also associated with obesity and elevated waist circumference. Differences in physical activity and smoking behavior did not mediate these associations. Our findings suggest positive health selection might not drive the favorable health profiles among recent cohorts of Mexican immigrants in the US. However, the adverse health of return migrants with respect to that of nonmigrants underscores the importance of considering the lived experience of Mexican migrants in the US as an important determinant of their health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arline T. Geronimus
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
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Lee RS, Zandi PP, Lin Y, Seifuddin F, Benke KS, McCaul ME, Reitz K, Wand GS. Methylomic and transcriptomic predictors of one-month exposure to cortisol in healthy individuals. Stress 2021; 24:840-848. [PMID: 34279166 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.1946509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allostatic load (AL) refers to the cumulative "wear and tear" on an organism throughout its lifetime. One of the primary contributing factors to AL is prolonged exposure to stress or its primary catabolic agent cortisol. Chronic exposure to stress or cortisol is associated with numerous diseases, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, a molecular marker capable of integrating a past history of cortisol exposure would be of great utility for assessing disease risk. To this end, we recruited 87 healthy males and females of European ancestry between 18 and 60 years old, extracted genomic DNA and RNA from leukocytes, and implemented a gene-centric DNA enrichment method coupled with bisulfite sequencing and RNA-Seq of total RNA for the determination of genome-wide methylation and gene transcription, respectively. Sequencing data were analyzed against awakening and bedtime cortisol data to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and CpGs (DMCs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Six candidate DMCs (punadjusted < 0.005) and nine DEGs (punadjusted < 0.0005) were used to construct a prediction model that could capture past 30+ days of both bedtime and awakening cortisol levels. Utilizing a cross-validation approach, we obtained a regression coefficient of R2 = 0.308 for predicting continuous awakening cortisol and an area under the curve (AUC) = 0.753 for dichotomous (high vs. low tertile) awakening cortisol, and R2 = 0.224 and AUC = 0.723 for continuous and dichotomous bedtime cortisol levels, respectively. To our knowledge, the current study represents the first attempt to identify genome-wide predictors of cortisol exposure that utilizes both methylation and transcription targets. The utility of our approach needs to be replicated in an independent cohort of samples for which similar cortisol metrics are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter P Zandi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yian Lin
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fayaz Seifuddin
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kelly S Benke
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary E McCaul
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kendall Reitz
- Department of and Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gary S Wand
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of and Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Aquilina SR, Shrubsole MJ, Butt J, Sanderson M, Schlundt DG, Cook MC, Epplein M. Adverse childhood experiences and adult diet quality. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e95. [PMID: 34804516 PMCID: PMC8596075 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood trauma is strongly associated with poor health outcomes. Although many studies have found associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), a well-established indicator of childhood trauma and diet-related health outcomes, few have explored the relationship between ACEs and diet quality, despite growing literature in epidemiology and neurobiology suggesting that childhood trauma has an important but poorly understood relationship with diet. Thus, we performed a cross-sectional study of the association of ACEs and adult diet quality in the Southern Community Cohort Study, a largely low-income and racially diverse population in the southeastern United States. We used ordinal logistic regression to estimate the association of ACEs with the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-10) score among 30 854 adults aged 40-79 enrolled from 2002 to 2009. Having experienced any ACE was associated with higher odds of worse HEI-10 among all (odds ratio (OR) 1⋅22; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1⋅17, 1⋅27), and for all race-sex groups, and remained significant after adjustment for adult income. The increasing number of ACEs was also associated with increasing odds of a worse HEI-10 (OR for 4+ ACEs: 1⋅34; 95 % CI 1⋅27, 1⋅42). The association with worse HEI-10 score was especially strong for ACEs in the household dysfunction category, including having a family member in prison (OR 1⋅34; 95 % CI 1⋅25, 1⋅42) and parents divorced (OR 1⋅25; 95 % CI 1⋅20, 1⋅31). In summary, ACEs are associated with poor adult diet quality, independent of race, sex and adult income. Research is needed to explore whether trauma intervention strategies can impact adult diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martha J. Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julia Butt
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maureen Sanderson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Mekeila C. Cook
- Division of Public Health Practice, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Meira Epplein
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University and Cancer Risk, Detection, and Interception Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
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Abstract
The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis is a tightly regulated system that represents one of the body’s mechanisms for responding to acute and chronic stress. Prolonged stress and/or inadequate regulation of the stress system can lead to a condition of chronic hypercortisolism or, in some cases, a blunted cortisol response to stress, contributing to insulin resistance, increased adiposity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Moreover, acute and chronic stress can exacerbate or worsen metabolic conditions by supporting an inflammatory state and a tight relationship between stress, inflammation and adipose tissue has been reported and has been a growing subject of interest in recent years. We reviewed and summarized the evidence supporting hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulation as an important biological link between stress, obesity, inflammation and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, we emphasized the possible role of infectious-related stress such as SarsCov2 infection in adrenal axis dysregulation, insulin resistance and diabetes in a bidirectional link. Understanding and better defining the links between stress and obesity or diabetes could contribute to further definition of the pathogenesis and the management of stress-related complications, in which the HPA axis dysregulation has a primary role.
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Heidari Z, Hajbagheri A. Assessment of serum cortisol and thyrotropin correlation in euthyroid and subclinical hypothyroid subjects. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2021; 16:263-269. [PMID: 34402695 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2021.1968829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on healthy volunteers and those who had been referred with a diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH<10 mIU/L). Subjects with the age of 18-35 years were enrolled. The sera were analyzed for Cortisol, FT4, FT3, TSH, Ani-TPO, and Anti-Tg. RESULTS Final sample of 36 in group A (TSH<2.5), 45 in group B (TSH: 2.5-4.2), and 71 in group C (TSH: 4.3-10) were included. Cortisol levels were significantly different in the three groups, the lowest for the A group and higher for the C group, and the two-to-two difference in the groups was also significant (p < 0.001). There was a positive and significant correlation between cortisol levels with TSH (r = 0.740; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION There was a potential link between TSH and serum cortisol in young people so that with an increase in TSH from 2.5, the serum cortisol level also increases, but this positive correlation in TSH ≤2.5 was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ashkan Hajbagheri
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Hough CM, Bersani FS, Mellon SH, Morford AE, Lindqvist D, Reus VI, Epel ES, Wolkowitz OM. Pre-treatment allostatic load and metabolic dysregulation predict SSRI response in major depressive disorder: a preliminary report. Psychol Med 2021; 51:2117-2125. [PMID: 32438932 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with increased allostatic load (AL; a measure of physiological costs of repeated/chronic stress-responding) and metabolic dysregulation (MetD; a measure of metabolic health and precursor to many medical illnesses). Though AL and MetD are associated with poor somatic health outcomes, little is known regarding their relationship with antidepressant-treatment outcomes. METHODS We determined pre-treatment AL and MetD in 67 healthy controls and 34 unmedicated, medically healthy MDD subjects. Following this, MDD subjects completed 8-weeks of open-label selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant treatment and were categorized as 'Responders' (⩾50% improvement in depression severity ratings) or 'Non-responders' (<50% improvement). Logistic and linear regressions were performed to determine if pre-treatment AL or MetD scores predicted SSRI-response. Secondary analyses examined cross-sectional differences between MDD and control groups. RESULTS Pre-treatment AL and MetD scores significantly predicted continuous antidepressant response (i.e. absolute decreases in depression severity ratings) (p = 0.012 and 0.014, respectively), as well as post-treatment status as a Responder or Non-responder (p = 0.022 and 0.040, respectively), such that higher pre-treatment AL and MetD were associated with poorer SSRI-treatment outcomes. Pre-treatment AL and MetD of Responders were similar to Controls, while those of Non-responders were significantly higher than both Responders (p = 0.025 and 0.033, respectively) and Controls (p = 0.039 and 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings suggest that indices of metabolic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis dysregulation are associated with poorer SSRI-treatment response. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that these markers of medical disease risk also predict poorer antidepressant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Hough
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - F Saverio Bersani
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Synthia H Mellon
- Department of OB/GYN and Reproductive Sciences, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra E Morford
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Victor I Reus
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Owen M Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Syan SK, McIntyre-Wood C, Minuzzi L, Hall G, McCabe RE, MacKillop J. Dysregulated resting state functional connectivity and obesity: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:270-292. [PMID: 34425125 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has been variously linked to differences in brain functional connectivity in regions associated with reward, emotional regulation and cognition, potentially revealing neural mechanisms contributing to its development and maintenance. This systematic review summarizes and critically appraises the existing literature on differences in resting state functional connectivity (Rs-FC) between overweight and individuals with obesity in relation healthy-BMI controls. Twenty-nine studies were identified and the results consistently support the hypothesis that obesity is associated with differences in Rs-FC. Specifically, obesity/overweight was consistently associated with (i) DMN hypoconnectivity and salience network hyperconnectivity; (ii) increased Rs-FC between the hypothalamus and reward, limbic and salience networks, and decreased Rs-FC between the hypothalamus and cognitive regions; (iii) increased power within regions associated with inhibition/emotional reasoning; (iv) decreased nodal efficiency, degree centrality, and global efficiency. Collectively, the results suggest obesity is associated with disrupted connectivity of brain networks responsible for cognition, reward, self-referential processing and emotional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina K Syan
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Canada; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Carly McIntyre-Wood
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Canada
| | - Luciano Minuzzi
- Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Hall
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Randi E McCabe
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Canada; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Crenshaw EG, Fernández-Rhodes L, Martin CL, Gordon-Larsen P, Haan MN, Aiello AE. Intergenerational Educational Attainment and Cardiometabolic Health in Latino Individuals Living in the United States. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1178-1185. [PMID: 34096684 PMCID: PMC8549077 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to estimate the association between cycles of poverty, measured by intergenerational educational attainment (IEA), and the burden of obesity and metabolic dysfunction among Hispanic/Latino individuals in the United States. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study utilizing data from 392 adults linked to 286 biologic parents from the Niños Lifestyle and Diabetes Study and the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging. The educational attainment of parents and offspring was dichotomized in order to categorize IEA. Outcomes included obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Model-based standardization with population weights was used to compare obesity and MetS across generations, and Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios by IEA. RESULTS A higher prevalence of obesity and MetS was observed in offspring (54% and 69%, respectively) compared with their parents (48% and 42%, respectively). Compared with stable-low IEA, any category with high offspring education was associated with lower obesity and MetS prevalence. The upwardly mobile group saw the greatest benefit; they were 38% (95% CI: 10%-57%) and 46% (95% CI: 21%-63%) less likely to have obesity or MetS. CONCLUSIONS IEA strongly patterns cardiometabolic health among Hispanic/Latino individuals living in the United States, suggesting that promotion of higher education is associated with reductions in obesity and MetS, potentially benefitting future generations of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma G. Crenshaw
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Lindsay Fernández-Rhodes
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Chantel L. Martin
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Mary N. Haan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Allison E. Aiello
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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Daubenmier J, Chao MT, Hartogensis W, Liu R, Moran PJ, Acree MC, Kristeller J, Epel ES, Hecht FM. Exploratory Analysis of Racial/Ethnic and Educational Differences in a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Mindfulness-Based Weight Loss Intervention. Psychosom Med 2021; 83:503-514. [PMID: 33214537 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People of color and lower socioeconomic groups have higher obesity prevalence, lose less weight compared with Whites and higher socioeconomic groups, and are underrepresented in randomized controlled trials of mindfulness-based interventions. We examined whether mindfulness approaches reduce disparities in weight loss interventions. METHODS We analyzed data from a randomized controlled trial of 194 participants with obesity (41% participants of color, 36% without college degree) comparing a 5.5-month mindfulness-based weight loss intervention to an active-control with identical diet-exercise guidelines. We assessed attendance, 18-month attrition, and weight change at 6, 12, and 18 months by race/ethnicity and education level using linear mixed models, adjusting for baseline body mass index, age, and education or race/ethnicity, respectively. RESULTS Participants without versus with a college degree attended fewer sessions and had higher attrition across interventions. Participants of color attended fewer intervention sessions in the mindfulness compared with the control intervention. Overall, participants of color lost significantly less weight at 12 and 18 months compared with Whites. However, during the 6- to 18-month maintenance period, we found an interaction of intervention arm, race/ethnicity, and time (p = .035), indicating that participants of color compared with Whites regained more weight in the control (0.33 kg/mo; p = .005) but not mindfulness intervention (0.06 kg/mo; p = .62). Participants without a college degree had greater initial weight loss in the mindfulness compared to control intervention from 0 to 6 months (-0.46 kg/mo; p = .039). CONCLUSIONS Although disparities persist, mindfulness approaches may mitigate some racial/ethnic and socioeconomic differences in weight loss compared with conventional diet-exercise programs.Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT00960414.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Daubenmier
- From the Institute of Holistic Health Studies (Daubenmier), San Francisco State University; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine (Chao, Hartogensis, Liu, Moran, Acree, Hecht), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Psychology (Kristeller), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana; and Department of Psychiatry (Epel), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Wei D, Li S, Zhang L, Liu P, Fan K, Nie L, Wang L, Liu X, Hou J, Yu S, Li L, Jing T, Li X, Li W, Guo Y, Wang C, Huo W, Mao Z. Long-term exposure to PM 1 and PM 2.5 is associated with serum cortisone level and meat intake plays a moderation role. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 215:112133. [PMID: 33740488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) was associated with increased glucocorticoids (GCs) levels, available evidence on associations of long-term exposure to PM and GCs levels is still scant. Previous studies has showed that meat intake is associated with sex hormones levels, but it is unknown whether meat intake is associated with GCs levels. Furthermore, the role of meat intake in the associations between PM and GCs levels remains unclear. AIMS The aims of this study were to explore the associations of long-term exposure to PM and GCs levels among Chinese rural adults, and the role of meat intake in these associations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 6223 subjects were recruited from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Serum GCs levels were measured with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The concentrations of PM (PM1 and PM2.5) for each subject were assessed with machine learning algorithms. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to obtain each participant' information on meat intake. The effects of PM and meat intake on GCs levels were assessed using generalized linear models. In addition, modification analyses were performed to identify the role of meat intake played in the associations of PM with serum GCs levels. RESULTS Per 1 μg/m3 increment in PM1 or PM2.5 concentration was associated with a 0.364 ng/ml (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.234, 0.494) or 0.227 ng/ml (95%CI: 0.110, 0.343) increase in serum cortisone, respectively. In addition, the moderation effects of total meat intake and red meat intake on the associations of long-term exposure to PM1 or PM2.5 with serum cortisone were observed (P < 0.05), indicating that individuals who had high levels of PM1 or PM2.5 and meat intake were more susceptible to have a higher state of serum cortisone. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that long-term exposure to PM1 or PM2.5 was associated with serum cortisone. Moreover, meat intake was found to be a significant moderator in the association of PM1 or PM2.5 with serum cortisone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Pengling Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Keliang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Luting Nie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiaotian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Songcheng Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Linlin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Tao Jing
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
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Modelling maternal and perinatal risk factors to predict poorly controlled childhood asthma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252215. [PMID: 34043705 PMCID: PMC8158992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is the most common non-communicable pulmonary condition, affecting prepubertal boys more often than girls. This study explored how maternal and perinatal risk factors are linked to poorly controlled childhood asthma in a sex dependent manner. This single centre study was performed at a metropolitan teaching hospital in Western Sydney, Australia, using electronical obstetric records from 2000 to 2017 and electronical pediatric records from 2007 to 2018. The data of 1694 children with complete entries were retrospectively analysed. Risk factors for multiple hospital admission for asthma were selected by backward-eliminated Poisson regression modelling. Selection stability of these parameters was independently confirmed using approximated exhaustive search. Sex-specific regression models indicated that most notably parity (RR[95%CI] for parity = 3; 1.85[1.22-2.81]), birth length z-score (1.45[1.23-1.70]) and birth weight z-score (0.77[0.65-0.90]) contributed to multiple asthma admissions in girls, while boys were affected most prominently by maternal BMI (e.g. BMI 35-39.9; 1.92[1.38-2.67]) and threatened preterm labor (1.68[1.10-2.58]). Allergic status was a risk factors for both boys and girls (1.47[1.18-1.83] and 1.46[1.13-1.89]). Applying ROC analysis, the predictive modelling of risk factors for hospital admissions showed an incremental increase with an AUC of 0.84 and 0.75 for girls and boys respectively for >3 hospital admissions. Multiple hospital admissions for asthma are associated with maternal and perinatal risk factors in a sex and birth order dependent manner. Hence, prospective risk stratification studies aiming to improve childhood asthma control are warranted to test the clinical utility of these parameters. Furthermore, the influence of the early in utero environment on male-female differences in other communicable and non-communicable respiratory conditions should be considered.
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Dunn SL, Vera DL, Weaver KF, Garcia JV. Relationships between inflammatory and metabolic markers, exercise, and body composition in young individuals. J Clin Transl Res 2021; 7:289-296. [PMID: 34179543 PMCID: PMC8221754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Physical exercise may help combat disease and elicits a possible "protective" anti-inflammatory effect on the body. Inflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), along with transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) in young (n=16, 21.1±2.1 years) individuals were examined in a cross-sectional descriptive study, to assess the effects of chronic stimulation on their expression and relationship with health parameters. METHODS Fasting venous whole blood and lipid levels along with body composition measurements were obtained from young, healthy, endurance-trained NCAA Division III student-athletes and untrained individuals. Assays (ELISA) were conducted to analyze fasting plasma (CRP, IL-6, and TNFα) and isolated lymphocyte NF-κB activation (lymphocytes were isolated from whole blood samples through differential centrifugation and Ficoll-Paque). A Spearman's rank order correlation coefficient was used for associations between variables and a regression analysis was performed to determine which measurement accounted for the inflammation in this young and apparently healthy population. RESULTS While the inflammatory markers were not associated with each other, CRP levels were associated with body composition and following regression analyses, body fat percentage (P>0.05) was a significant factor for elevated CRP. CONCLUSIONS Chronic physical exercise eliciting lower body fat percentages in young adults may have a positive protective impact through anti-inflammatory status, minimizing disease risk in a young population. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS Chronic physically active young adult patients may exhibit less inflammation and lower body fat levels which may decrease their risk for chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Dunn
- 1Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Bernardino, Palm Desert Campus, Palm Desert, California,
Corresponding author Sarah L. Dunn California State University, San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, California. E-mail:
| | - Desiree L. Vera
- 2Department of Biology, University of La Verne, La Verne, California
| | - Kathleen F. Weaver
- 3Office of the Provost, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jerome V. Garcia
- 2Department of Biology, University of La Verne, La Verne, California
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Fibromyalgia and obesity: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2021; 51:409-424. [PMID: 33676126 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity has been associated with several complications, including musculoskeletal disorders. Aim of the present systematic review was to identify all available evidence on the relationship between fibromyalgia (FM) and obesity, including epidemiological association, impact of obesity on FM severity and effect of weight loss strategies on FM symptoms. METHODS MedLine, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science databases were searched up to September 2020 to identify eligible articles. Data from studies reporting the prevalence of obesity in FM patients were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS After removal of duplicate records, 393 studies proceeded to review. A total of 41 articles were deemed eligible for inclusion in final synthesis. Quality assessment revealed that the overall risk of bias was high. The overall prevalence of obesity in FM was 35.7% (95% CI: 31.8 - 39.9%), with higher figures reported for USA. The majority of studies included demonstrated that obesity is associated with different domains of the disorder, including composite measures of activity, pain severity, tender point count, stiffness, fatigue, physical functioning/disability, sleep, cognitive dysfunction, and quality of life; the strength of correlation was weak on average. Inconsistent data were available regarding the correlation with depression and anxiety. Only few studies addressed the effect of therapeutic weight loss in FM, either by bariatric surgery, diet/exercise combination or behavioral weight loss, providing preliminary evidence for a potential benefit of weight loss in ameliorating FM symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Available data support a potential interplay between obesity and FM-related symptoms. Weight management should be encouraged in patients with FM.
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