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Feng Y, Gu XB, Zhou M, Wang HL, Feng RN, Zhang ZH. Association between dietary glycine intake and the prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, overweight or obesity in rural northern China: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1364309. [PMID: 39070255 PMCID: PMC11272656 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1364309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between dietary glycine consumption and the prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and overweight or obesity in economically disadvantaged areas of northern China using a cross-sectional study design. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 774 participants utilized a web-based dietary questionnaire (IDQC) and underwent physical measurements. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics software (Version 21). Participants were stratified into four groups based on quartiles of their dietary glycine intake: Q1 (<1.32), Q2 (1.32-1.82), Q3 (1.82-2.26), and Q4 (>2.26). Continuous variables were reported as mean ± standard deviation and compared using ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test, while categorical variables were presented as frequencies (%) and compared using the chi-square test. Finally, multivariable logistic regression with p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Significant differences in dietary glycine intake were observed between the highest quartile group (Q4) and the lowest quartile group (Q1), with corresponding dominance ratios of 0.590 (95% CI, 0.360-0.966), 0.547 (95% CI, 0.327-0.913), and 0.547 (95% CI, 0.353-0.850) for the risk of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and overweight/obesity, respectively. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between dietary glycine intake and hypertension or hyperlipidemia within each sex and age subgroup. Conclusion There exists a potential correlation between increased dietary glycine intake and reduced prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and overweight/obesity. However, additional research is necessary to validate this finding through larger-scale studies conducted at a population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Heinz Mehlhorn Academician Workstation, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xing-bo Gu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Heinz Mehlhorn Academician Workstation, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong-lan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Heinz Mehlhorn Academician Workstation, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ren-nan Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-hong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Heinz Mehlhorn Academician Workstation, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Han P, Chen X, Liang Z, Liu Y, Yu X, Song P, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Zhu S, Shi X, Guo Q. Metabolic signatures and risk of sarcopenia in suburb-dwelling older individuals by LC-MS-based untargeted metabonomics. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1308841. [PMID: 38962681 PMCID: PMC11220188 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1308841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Untargeted metabonomics has provided new insight into the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. In this study, we explored plasma metabolic signatures linked to a heightened risk of sarcopenia in a cohort study by LC-MS-based untargeted metabonomics. Methods In this nested case-control study from the Adult Physical Fitness and Health Cohort Study (APFHCS), we collected blood plasma samples from 30 new-onset sarcopenia subjects (mean age 73.2 ± 5.6 years) and 30 healthy controls (mean age 74.2 ± 4.6 years) matched by age, sex, BMI, lifestyle, and comorbidities. An untargeted metabolomics methodology was employed to discern the metabolomic profile alterations present in individuals exhibiting newly diagnosed sarcopenia. Results In comparing individuals with new-onset sarcopenia to normal controls, a comprehensive analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) identified a total of 62 metabolites, predominantly comprising lipids, lipid-like molecules, organic acids, and derivatives. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that the three metabolites hypoxanthine (AUC=0.819, 95% CI=0.711-0.927), L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acid (AUC=0.733, 95% CI=0.598-0.868) and PC(14:0/20:2(11Z,14Z)) (AUC= 0.717, 95% CI=0.587-0.846) had the highest areas under the curve. Then, these significant metabolites were observed to be notably enriched in four distinct metabolic pathways, namely, "purine metabolism"; "parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion and action"; "choline metabolism in cancer"; and "tuberculosis". Conclusion The current investigation elucidates the metabolic perturbations observed in individuals diagnosed with sarcopenia. The identified metabolites hold promise as potential biomarkers, offering avenues for exploring the underlying pathological mechanisms associated with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenwen Liang
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuewen Liu
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Yu
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyu Song
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinjiao Zhao
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyan Zhu
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Shi
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
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3
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Deutz LN, Wierzchowska-McNew RA, Deutz NE, Engelen MP. Reduced plasma glycine concentration in healthy and chronically diseased older adults: a marker of visceral adiposity? Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:1455-1464. [PMID: 38616018 PMCID: PMC11251212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that a reduced plasma concentration of the amino acid glycine (Gly) is associated with intra-abdominal obesity, but the mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate whether lower plasma Gly concentrations in older adults are independently associated with (visceral) adiposity, age, sex, presence of chronic disease, and glucose intolerance, and whether they are caused by a reduced Gly whole-body production (WBP) and/or increased Gly disposal capacity. METHODS We studied 102 older adults (47 males/55 females, 68.5 ± standard deviation 6.4 y) without comorbidities and 125 older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (58 males/67 females, 69.7 ± 8.6 y). We assessed body composition and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and muscle function by dynamometry. We measured postabsorptive plasma amino acid profile and glucose, followed by pulse administration of stable isotope-labeled Gly ([2,2-2H2]), and blood sampling was performed to measure the WBP of Gly. Results are expressed as means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS We found a lower plasma Gly concentration in healthy males and males with COPD than in females (Healthy: 211; 95% CI: 193,230 compared with 248; 95% CI: 225,271; COPD: 200; 95% CI: 186,215 compared with 262: 95% CI: 241, 283; P < 0.0001, respectively), with no difference between healthy and COPD groups. A negative relationship was found between unadjusted plasma Gly and VAT mass (R2: 0.16; slope: -1.7; 95% CI: -2.4, -1.2; P < 0.0021), but not with total body fat or fasting glucose. The strong association between lower plasma Gly and increased VAT mass in older adults was independent of age, sex, body weight, lean mass or body mass index, and the presence of COPD. Inclusion of these covariates increased the R2 to 0.783. We found no relation between the VAT and WBP of Gly (P = 0.35) or Gly clearance (P = 0.187) when lean mass was considered. CONCLUSIONS Reduced plasma Gly in older adults can be considered a marker of visceral adiposity, independent of sex, age, body composition, presence of chronic disease, and whole-body Gly production or clearance. This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01787682, NCT02082418, NCT02157844, NCT02770092, NCT02780219, NCT03796455, and NCT04461236.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Nj Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Raven A Wierzchowska-McNew
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Nicolaas Ep Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; Department of Primary Care and Rural Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Mariëlle Pkj Engelen
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; Department of Primary Care and Rural Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States.
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Anand SK, Governale TA, Zhang X, Razani B, Yurdagul A, Pattillo CB, Rom O. Amino Acid Metabolism and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:510-524. [PMID: 38171450 PMCID: PMC10988767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in medical treatments and drug development, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Dysregulated lipid metabolism is a well-established driver of ASCVD. Unfortunately, even with potent lipid-lowering therapies, ASCVD-related deaths have continued to increase over the past decade, highlighting an incomplete understanding of the underlying risk factors and mechanisms of ASCVD. Accumulating evidence over the past decades indicates a correlation between amino acids and disease state. This review explores the emerging role of amino acid metabolism in ASCVD, uncovering novel potential biomarkers, causative factors, and therapeutic targets. Specifically, the significance of arginine and its related metabolites, homoarginine and polyamines, branched-chain amino acids, glycine, and aromatic amino acids, in ASCVD are discussed. These amino acids and their metabolites have been implicated in various processes characteristic of ASCVD, including impaired lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, increased inflammatory response, and necrotic core development. Understanding the complex interplay between dysregulated amino acid metabolism and ASCVD provides new insights that may lead to the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Although further research is needed to uncover the precise mechanisms involved, it is evident that amino acid metabolism plays a role in ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Anand
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Theresea-Anne Governale
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Division of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Babak Razani
- Division of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Christopher B Pattillo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana.
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana.
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Dong Y, Kang H, Peng R, Liu Z, Liao F, Hu SA, Ding W, Wang P, Yang P, Zhu M, Wang S, Wu M, Ye D, Gan X, Li F, Song K. A clinical-stage Nrf2 activator suppresses osteoclast differentiation via the iron-ornithine axis. Cell Metab 2024:S1550-4131(24)00084-6. [PMID: 38569557 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Activating Nrf2 by small molecules is a promising strategy to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, there is currently no Nrf2 activator approved for treating chronic diseases, and the downstream mechanism underlying the regulation of Nrf2 on osteoclast differentiation remains unclear. Here, we found that bitopertin, a clinical-stage glycine uptake inhibitor, suppresses osteoclast differentiation and ameliorates ovariectomy-induced bone loss by activating Nrf2. Mechanistically, bitopertin interacts with the Keap1 Kelch domain and decreases Keap1-Nrf2 binding, leading to reduced Nrf2 ubiquitination and degradation. Bitopertin is associated with less adverse events than clinically approved Nrf2 activators in both mice and human subjects. Furthermore, Nrf2 transcriptionally activates ferroportin-coding gene Slc40a1 to reduce intracellular iron levels in osteoclasts. Loss of Nrf2 or iron supplementation upregulates ornithine-metabolizing enzyme Odc1, which decreases ornithine levels and thereby promotes osteoclast differentiation. Collectively, our findings identify a novel clinical-stage Nrf2 activator and propose a novel Nrf2-iron-ornithine metabolic axis in osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Dong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Honglei Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Renpeng Peng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheming Liu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuben Liao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi-An Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weizhong Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengju Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengchao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meipeng Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sibo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minglong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dawei Ye
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Gan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Kehan Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Singh R, Tiwari MK, Singh RK. Inhibition Conversion of Aspirin into Salicylic Acid in Presence of Glycine. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03675-z. [PMID: 38530560 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Aspirin (AS) is a common drug having anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory properties which is widely used in diverse medical conditions. The intake of AS may cause adverse effects such as gastrointestinal ulcer, tinnitus and Reye's syndrome. The adverse effects of AS arise due to conversion of AS into salicylic acid (SAL). Glycine (Gly) is a simplest non essential amino acid having anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. It also reduces the risk of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. AS with Gly is well accepted form of the drug for the treatment of rheumatic conditions in comparisons to the bare AS. In the present work using UV-Visible absorption, fluorescence and DFT/ TD-DFT techniques confirmed that in presence of Gly inhibited the conversion of AS into SAL effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Singh
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
- Government Polytechnic Rajgrah, Mirzapur, 231001, India.
| | - Manish K Tiwari
- Department of Physics, Mahatama Gandhi Kashi Vidya Peeth, Varanasi, 221002, India
| | - Ranjan K Singh
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Strifler P, Horváth B, Such N, Dublecz K, Pál L. Effects of different dietary threonine and glycine supplies in broilers fed low-protein diets. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1373348. [PMID: 38590541 PMCID: PMC10999546 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1373348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The reduction of crude protein (CP) content of broiler diets with balanced amino acid supply can increase the nitrogen (N) utilization efficiency and reduce ammonia emission, the risk of many health problems in birds. Feeding low protein (LP) diets without the impairment of performance traits needs the optimized dietary levels of threonine (Thr) and the non-essential amino acid (AA) glycine (Gly) and serine (Ser). However, the required concentrations and interactions of Thr and Gly + Ser, expressed as Gly equivalent (Glyequi), in LP diets are not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three LP (LP1-3) grower (11-24 days) and finisher (25-35 days) diets with 2% CP reduction compared to the control (C), differing in standardized ileal digestible (SID) Thr to lysine (Lys) ratio (C, LP1, LP3: 63%, LP2: 72%) and Glyequi levels (C: 15.65 g/kg, LP1: 13.74 g/kg, LP2: 13.70 g/kg, LP3: 15.77). The LP treatments did not impair the performance traits of broilers. The LP2 treatment with increased SID Thr-to-Lys ratio (+9.0%) resulted in significantly higher body weight gain and a more advantageous feed conversion ratio in the whole fattening compared to the control treatment with normal CP level (p < 0.05). The LP3 treatment containing swine meat meal with similar Glyequi levels compared to the normal CP treatment led to the most advantageous feed conversion ratio in the finisher phase and the highest nitrogen retention efficiency (p < 0.05). However, the LP3 treatment with a high starch-to-CP ratio negatively influenced the relative carcass weight and the ratio of abdominal fat of broilers (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - László Pál
- Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University and Agriculture and Life Sciences, Keszthely, Hungary
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Han P, Yuan C, Chen X, Hu Y, Hu X, Xu Z, Guo Q. Metabolic signatures and potential biomarkers of sarcopenia in suburb-dwelling older Chinese: based on untargeted GC-MS and LC-MS. Skelet Muscle 2024; 14:4. [PMID: 38454497 PMCID: PMC10921582 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-024-00337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Untargeted metabolomics can be used to expand our understanding of the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. However, the metabolic signatures of sarcopenia patients have not been thoroughly investigated. Herein, we explored metabolites associated with sarcopenia by untargeted gas chromatography (GC)/liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) and identified possible diagnostic markers. METHODS Forty-eight elderly subjects with sarcopenia were age and sex matched with 48 elderly subjects without sarcopenia. We first used untargeted GC/LC-MS to analyze the plasma of these participants and then combined it with a large number of multivariate statistical analyses to analyze the data. Finally, based on a multidimensional analysis of the metabolites, the most critical metabolites were considered to be biomarkers of sarcopenia. RESULTS According to variable importance in the project (VIP > 1) and the p-value of t-test (p < 0.05), a total of 55 metabolites by GC-MS and 85 metabolites by LC-MS were identified between sarcopenia subjects and normal controls, and these were mostly lipids and lipid-like molecules. Among the top 20 metabolites, seven phosphatidylcholines, seven lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoPCs), phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin, palmitamide, L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acid, and palmitic acid were downregulated in the sarcopenia group; only ethylamine was upregulated. Among that, three metabolites of LysoPC(17:0), L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acid, and palmitic acid showed very good prediction capacity with AUCs of 0.887 (95% CI = 0.817-0.957), 0.836 (95% CI = 0.751-0.921), and 0.805 (95% CI = 0.717-0.893), respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that metabonomic analysis has great potential to be applied to sarcopenia. The identified metabolites could be potential biomarkers and could be used to study sarcopenia pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai, 201318, China
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhua Yuan
- Comprehensive Surgical Rehabilitation Ward, Shanghai Health Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yuanqing Hu
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xiaodan Hu
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Zhangtao Xu
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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9
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van Boom KM, Kohn TA, Tordiffe ASW. A cross-over dietary intervention in captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus): Investigating the effects of glycine supplementation on blood parameters. Zoo Biol 2024; 43:32-41. [PMID: 37721178 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Captive cheetahs are prone to unusual diseases which may be attributed to their high muscle meat, collagen deficient captive diet. Glycine is a simple amino acid that is abundant in collagen rich tissues and has many physiological functions, specifically in collagen synthesis and in the conjugation of detrimental by-products produced during gut bacterial fermentation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a 4 week glycine supplementation on the body measurements, haematology and serum blood parameters of 10 captive cheetahs using a randomised controlled cross-over design. This approach has not yet been used to investigate the effect of diet in captive cheetahs. Cheetahs were randomly assigned to a control diet (horse meat only) or a glycine diet (30 g glycine per 1 kg meat) for 4 weeks before being crossed over. Blood was collected at baseline and after each intervention. The glycine diet resulted in a decreased serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase and total calcium concentration and increases in eosinophils and basophils counts compared to the control diet. Body weight also decreased on the glycine diet which may be due to increased β-oxidation and fat loss. This was the first study to investigate the effect of glycine supplementation, which resulted in slight body and blood changes, in captive cheetahs using a cross-over design and this approach should be utilised for future dietary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M van Boom
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Tertius A Kohn
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Adrian S W Tordiffe
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Gauteng, South Africa
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León-Ramírez YMD, Sánchez EP, Pérez AC, Sánchez-Solís CN, Rodríguez-Antolín J, Nicolás-Toledo L. Dietary intervention in adult rats exposed to a high-sugar diet early in life permanently impairs sperm quality. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2023; 84:779-789. [PMID: 37343721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity predicts the presence of adult obesity. Obesity is associated with poor sperm quality. We hypothesized that exposure to a high-sugar diet (HSD) in early life would cause permanent histomorphology damage to the testes, resulting in reduced sperm quality in adult life. Wistar rats (aged 21days) were divided into four groups (n=6). In the first experiment, the rats received tap water (control) and a 30% sucrose diet for two months (S30). In the second experiment, the control and 30% sucrose diets were fed for two months, followed by replacement with tap water for two months (IS30). Eating and drinking were monitored. Animals were then euthanized, visceral and gonadal fat tissue and testes were collected, and epididymal spermatozoa were excised. Testicular samples were used for morphological description by H&E staining and for quantifying triacylglycerol content, caspase activity, and oxidative stress. Serum testosterone concentration was evaluated. Spermatozoa were used to assess sperm quality. Our results show that sperm quality was impaired by consuming HSD and could not be restored by dietary intervention. HSD feeding induced hyperplasia of visceral adipose tissue, increased testicular weight, and serum testosterone levels. The dietary intervention increased visceral adipose tissue, serum, and testicular triacylglycerol levels and normalized serum testosterone levels. Overall, the HSD diet caused permanent changes in seminiferous tubule cross-sectional area, caspase activity, oxidative stress, and sperm quality. Therefore, a high-sugar diet in early life causes permanent damage to sperm quality in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeimy Mar De León-Ramírez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México; Licenciatura en Química Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Eliut Pérez Sánchez
- Licenciatura en Química Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Adriana Corona Pérez
- Licenciatura en Nutrición, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Calpulalpan, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Cristhian Neftaly Sánchez-Solís
- Licenciatura en Nutrición, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Calpulalpan, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Antolín
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Leticia Nicolás-Toledo
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México.
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11
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Zheng X, Xie Y, Chen Z, He J, Chen J. Effects of Glycine Supplementation in Drinking Water on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Development, and Genes Expression in the Jejunum of Chicks. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3109. [PMID: 37835714 PMCID: PMC10571574 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycine, the most basic amino acid found in nature, is considered an essential amino acid for chicks. However, the precise understanding of high concentrations of glycine's significance in promoting the growth performance of chicks, as well as its impact on intestinal development, re-mains limited. Consequently, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of glycine supplementation in drinking water on growth performance, intestine morphology, and development in newly hatched chicks. In this study, 200 newly born chicks were selected and pro-vided with a supplementation of 0.5%, 1%, and 2% glycine in their drinking water during their first week of life. The results revealed that glycine supplementation in drinking water could significantly increase the average daily gain of chicks from days 7 to 14. Furthermore, a significant difference was observed between the group supplemented with 1% glycine and the control group. Concurrently, this glycine supplementation increased the villus height and the ratio of the villus height to crypt depth in jejunum on both day 7 and day 14. Glycine supplementation in drinking water significantly affected the mRNA expression level of the ZO-1, GCLM, and rBAT genes in jejunum, which may have certain effects on the mucosal immune defense, cellular antioxidant stress capacity, and amino acid absorption. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that glycine supplementation in drinking water can enhance the growth performance of chicks and promote their intestine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Zheng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (Z.C.); (J.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Yinku Xie
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (Z.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Ziwei Chen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (Z.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Jiaheng He
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (Z.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Jianfei Chen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (Z.C.); (J.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
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12
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do Prado WL, Josephson S, Cosentino RG, Churilla JR, Hossain J, Balagopal PB. Preliminary evidence of glycine as a biomarker of cardiovascular disease risk in children with obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:1023-1026. [PMID: 37516817 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Glycine (GLY) is a substrate for a wide range of metabolic processes. Several preclinical and adult studies demonstrated inverse associations of GLY with obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. However, little evidence is available on relationships between GLY and CVD risk in children. We assessed links between circulating GLY and biomarkers of CVD in children with obesity. Participants included both male and females with normal weight (NW, n = 6) and obesity (OB, n = 15), with age 14-18 years and Tanner stage >IV. Concentrations of GLY, branched chain amino acids (BCAA), and 25-hydroxy vitamin-D [25(OH)D], glucose, insulin, adiponectin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured using established techniques, and body composition by DXA. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Our study identified major relationships of GLY (p-value < 0.01 for all) of GLY with visceral fat (r2 = 0.40), BCAA (r2 = 0.44), HOMA-IR (r2 = 0.33), 25(OH)D (r2 = 0.48), IL-6 (r2 = 0.46) and adiponectin (r2 = 0.39). Given that CVD progression is a continuum and the disease itself is not present in children and biomarkers are typically used to monitor CVD in children, the links between GLY and biomarkers of CVD provide evidence for the first time of a potential role for GLY in CVD in children with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha Josephson
- Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ralph G Cosentino
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - James R Churilla
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jobayer Hossain
- Department of Biostatistics, Nemours Children's Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - P Babu Balagopal
- Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
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13
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Aguayo-Cerón KA, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Gutierrez-Rojas RA, Acevedo-Villavicencio LN, Flores-Zarate AV, Huang F, Giacoman-Martinez A, Villafaña S, Romero-Nava R. Glycine: The Smallest Anti-Inflammatory Micronutrient. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11236. [PMID: 37510995 PMCID: PMC10379184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycine is a non-essential amino acid with many functions and effects. Glycine can bind to specific receptors and transporters that are expressed in many types of cells throughout an organism to exert its effects. There have been many studies focused on the anti-inflammatory effects of glycine, including its abilities to decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines and the concentration of free fatty acids, to improve the insulin response, and to mediate other changes. However, the mechanism through which glycine acts is not clear. In this review, we emphasize that glycine exerts its anti-inflammatory effects throughout the modulation of the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in many cells. Although glycine is a non-essential amino acid, we highlight how dietary glycine supplementation is important in avoiding the development of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Aidee Aguayo-Cerón
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | | | | | - Aurora Vanessa Flores-Zarate
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
| | - Fengyang Huang
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Asma, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico
| | - Abraham Giacoman-Martinez
- Laboratorio de Framacología, Departamaneto de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Mteropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Ciudad de Mexico 09340, Mexico
| | - Santiago Villafaña
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Romero-Nava
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
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14
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Santos-Cruz LF, Sigrist-Flores SC, Castañeda-Partida L, Heres-Pulido ME, Dueñas-García IE, Piedra-Ibarra E, Ponciano-Gómez A, Jiménez-Flores R, Campos-Aguilar M. Effects of Fructose and Palmitic Acid on Gene Expression in Drosophila melanogaster Larvae: Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10279. [PMID: 37373426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the largest health problems worldwide is the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases due to the consumption of hypercaloric diets. Among the most common alterations are cardiovascular diseases, and a high correlation between overnutrition and neurodegenerative diseases has also been found. The urgency in the study of specific damage to tissues such as the brain and intestine led us to use Drosophila melanogaster to study the metabolic effects caused by the consumption of fructose and palmitic acid in specific tissues. Thus, third instar larvae (96 ± 4 h) of the wild Canton-S strain of D. melanogaster were used to perform transcriptomic profiling in brain and midgut tissues to test for the potential metabolic effects of a diet supplemented with fructose and palmitic acid. Our data infer that this diet can alter the biosynthesis of proteins at the mRNA level that participate in the synthesis of amino acids, as well as fundamental enzymes for the dopaminergic and GABAergic systems in the midgut and brain. These also demonstrated alterations in the tissues of flies that may help explain the development of various reported human diseases associated with the consumption of fructose and palmitic acid in humans. These studies will not only help to better understand the mechanisms by which the consumption of these alimentary products is related to the development of neuronal diseases but may also contribute to the prevention of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe Santos-Cruz
- Toxicología Genética, Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Santiago Cristobal Sigrist-Flores
- Laboratorio de Inmunología (UMF), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Laura Castañeda-Partida
- Toxicología Genética, Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia Heres-Pulido
- Toxicología Genética, Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Irma Elena Dueñas-García
- Toxicología Genética, Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Elías Piedra-Ibarra
- Fisiología Vegetal (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Alberto Ponciano-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología (UMF), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Rafael Jiménez-Flores
- Laboratorio de Inmunología (UMF), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Myriam Campos-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Inmunología (UMF), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
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15
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Qu P, Rom O, Li K, Jia L, Gao X, Liu Z, Ding S, Zhao M, Wang H, Chen S, Xiong X, Zhao Y, Xue C, Zhao Y, Chu C, Wen B, Finney AC, Zheng Z, Cao W, Zhao J, Bai L, Zhao S, Sun D, Zeng R, Lin J, Liu W, Zheng L, Zhang J, Liu E, Chen YE. DT-109 ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in nonhuman primates. Cell Metab 2023; 35:742-757.e10. [PMID: 37040763 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) prevalence is rising with no pharmacotherapy approved. A major hurdle in NASH drug development is the poor translatability of preclinical studies to safe/effective clinical outcomes, and recent failures highlight a need to identify new targetable pathways. Dysregulated glycine metabolism has emerged as a causative factor and therapeutic target in NASH. Here, we report that the tripeptide DT-109 (Gly-Gly-Leu) dose-dependently attenuates steatohepatitis and fibrosis in mice. To enhance the probability of successful translation, we developed a nonhuman primate model that histologically and transcriptionally mimics human NASH. Applying a multiomics approach combining transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics, we found that DT-109 reverses hepatic steatosis and prevents fibrosis progression in nonhuman primates, not only by stimulating fatty acid degradation and glutathione formation, as found in mice, but also by modulating microbial bile acid metabolism. Our studies describe a highly translatable NASH model and highlight the need for clinical evaluation of DT-109.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Qu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Ke Li
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, 6 Tiantan Xili, Chongwen District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Linying Jia
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiaojing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shusi Ding
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, 6 Tiantan Xili, Chongwen District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Health Science Center, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huiqing Wang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Health Science Center, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuangshuang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xuelian Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chengshuang Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexandra C Finney
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Zuowen Zheng
- Spring Biological Technology Development Co., Ltd, Fangchenggang, Guangxi 538000, China
| | - Wenbin Cao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Liang Bai
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Sihai Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiandie Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Lemin Zheng
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, 6 Tiantan Xili, Chongwen District, Beijing 100050, China; The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Health Science Center, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Enqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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16
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Smooth Muscle Cells from a Rat Model of Obesity and Hyperleptinemia Are Partially Resistant to Leptin-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Generation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030728. [PMID: 36978976 PMCID: PMC10045401 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of leptin on reactive oxygen species’ (ROS) generation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from a rat model of obesity and hyperleptinemia. Obesity and hyperleptinemia were induced in rats by a sucrose-based diet for 24 weeks. ROS generation was detected by using dichloro-dihydrofluorescein (DCF), a fluorescent ROS probe in primary SMCs culture. An increase in plasma leptin and oxidative stress markers was observed in sucrose-fed (SF) rats. At baseline SMCs from SF rats showed a more than twofold increase in fluorescence intensity (FI) compared to that obtained in control (C) cells. When the C cells were treated with 20 ng leptin, the FI increased by about 200%, whereas the leptin-induced FI in the SF cells increased only by 60%. In addition, sucrose feeding increased the levels of p22phox and gp91phox, subunits of Nox as an O2•− source in SMCs. Treatment of cells with leptin significantly increased p22phox and gp91phox levels in C cells and did not affect SF cells. Regarding STAT3 phosphorylation and the content of PTP1B and SOCS3 as protein markers of leptin resistance, they were found to be significantly increased in SF cells. These results suggest that SF aortic SMCs are partially resistant to leptin-induced ROS generation.
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17
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López-Acosta O, Ruiz-Ramírez A, Barrios-Maya MÁ, Alarcon-Aguilar J, Alarcon-Enos J, Céspedes Acuña CL, El-Hafidi M. Lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity and some strategies to protect vascular smooth muscle cell against proliferative phenotype in metabolic syndrome. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 172:113546. [PMID: 36513245 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and atherosclerosis through a mechanism that involves vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity. Several molecules found to be increased in MetS, including free fatty acids, fatty acid binding protein 4, leptin, resistin, oxidized lipoprotein particles, and advanced glycation end products, influence VSMC proliferation. Most of these molecules act through their receptors on VSMCs by activating several signaling pathways associated with ROS generation in various cellular compartments. ROS from NADPH-oxidase and mitochondria have been found to promote VSMC proliferation and cell cycle progression. In addition, most of the natural or synthetic substances described in this review, including pharmaceuticals with hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties, attenuate VSMC proliferation by their simultaneous modulation of cell signaling and their scavenging property due to the presence of a phenolic ring in their structure. This review discusses recent data in the literature on the role that several MetS-related molecules and ROS play in the change from contractile to proliferative phenotype of VSMCs. Hence the importance of proposing an appropriate strategy to prevent uncontrolled VSMC proliferation using antioxidants, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ocarol López-Acosta
- Depto de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Angélica Ruiz-Ramírez
- Depto de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Miguel-Ángel Barrios-Maya
- Depto de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Javier Alarcon-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, Mexico
| | - Julio Alarcon-Enos
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bio Bio, Av. Andres Bello 720, Chillan, Chile
| | - Carlos L Céspedes Acuña
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bio Bio, Av. Andres Bello 720, Chillan, Chile.
| | - Mohammed El-Hafidi
- Depto de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México D.F., Mexico.
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Ahmad H, Zhao X, Ahmad N, Khan A, Jin Y, Du J, Zheng X, Zeng L, Ouyang Y, Yang P, Chen M, Li X, Yang Z, Tian Z. Benincasa hispida extracts positively regulated high salt-induced hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive rats: Impact on biochemical profile and metabolic patterns. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14497. [PMID: 36314446 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Salt-induced hypertension is one of the major issues worldwide and one of the main factors involved in heart and kidney failure. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential role of Benincasa hispida extracts on high salt-induced hypertension in Dahl-salt sensitive (D-SS) rats and to find out the metabolic and biochemical pattern involved in the reduction of hypertension. Twenty-six Dahl salt-sensitive (D-SS) rats were selected and divided into four groups. The metabolic strategy was applied to test the extracts on salt-sensitive hypertension in kidney. Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the potent biochemical profile in renal medulla and cortex of rat kidneys. The differential metabolites of cortex and medulla, enrichment analysis and pathway analysis were performed using metabolomics data. The GC-MS data revealed that 24 different antihypertensive metabolites was detected in renal cortex, while 16 were detected in renal medulla between different groups. The significantly metabolic pathways namely citrate cycle, glutathione metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism in renal cortex and glycerolipid metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, citrate cycle, glycolysis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis in renal medulla were involved in the process of Hypertension. The results suggest that the extract mainly alter the metabolic pathways of amino acid in Dahl salt-sensitive rats and its antioxidant potential reduced the hypertension patterns of Salt-sensitive rat. The antihypertensive components malic acid, aspartic acid, and glycine of extract can be used as therapeutic drugs to protect kidneys from salt-induced hypertension. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Hypertension is a multifactorial disease and one of the risk factors for heart and kidney failure. Benincasa hispida is a widely used vegetable in China, which belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family. Benincasa hispida (wax gourd) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of inflammation and hypertension. The Benincasa hispida contains many compounds such as amino acids, carbohydrates, volatile compounds, vitamins, and minerals. The amino acid present in the pulp of Benincasa hispida are ornithine, threonine, aspartate, glutamate, serine, glycine, proline, alanine, valine, cysteine, isoleucine, tyrosine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, histidine, arginine, and γ-aminobutyric acid. Our results showed that Benincasa hispida is one of the potent natural antioxidants and can maintain normal blood pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive rats (D-SS). In conclusion, the current results provide good theoretical basis for the development and research using Benincasa hispida as an effective natural antioxidant for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Ahmad
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuexin Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Du
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuewei Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanan Ouyang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhongmin Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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19
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Lee DT, Lee JT, Ruan C, Rochell SJ. Influence of increasing glycine concentrations in reduced crude protein diets fed to broilers from 0 to 48 days. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102038. [PMID: 35921733 PMCID: PMC9356093 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Effects of starch-rich or fat-rich diets on metabolism, adiposity, and glycemia in immune-biased, C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 108:109086. [PMID: 35691592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diet is an essential factor to maintain health by regulating host metabolism and immunity. Host immunity acts as a critical regulator of metabolic changes. By using differentially immune-biased mice C57BL/6 and BALB/c, we demonstrated the metabolic consequence of consuming diets rich in non-resistant starch (starch-rich), unsaturated fat (sunflower oil-rich), and saturated fat (coconut oil-rich) for shorter (four weeks) or longer (eight weeks) duration. Time kinetics of various diets on two differentially immune-biased mice revealed that starch-rich and unsaturated fat-rich diets reduced insulin resistance (IR) and visceral adiposity in BALB/c mice. In contrast, a saturated fat-rich diet enhanced both parameters. In C57BL/6 mice, a fat-rich diet enhanced IR with time while visceral adiposity remained unchanged. Eight weeks' consumption of a saturated fat-rich diet led to the highest visceral adiposity in C57BL/6 mice, while the same diet resulted in the maximum IR in BALB/c mice. The current report presented a detailed metabolomic analysis of treatments with various diets using a) uni- and b) multi-variate analyses. We also calculated the differential index for each treatment for each mouse strain using a vector analysis of the multivariate linear discriminant data. The outcome of the vector analysis of metabolite profiles identified metabolites that affected lipid and glucose metabolism to establish the inter-strain physiological differences.
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21
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Imenshahidi M, Hossenzadeh H. Effects of glycine on metabolic syndrome components: a review. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:927-939. [PMID: 35013990 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glycine is the simplest and major amino acid in humans. It is mainly generated in the liver and kidney and is used to produce collagen, creatine, glucose and purine. It is also involved in immune function, anti-inflammatory processes and anti-oxidation reactions. Here, we reviewed the current evidence supporting the role of glycine in the development and treatment of metabolic syndrome components. METHODS We searched Scopus, PubMed and EMBASE databases for papers concerning glycine and metabolic syndrome. RESULTS Available evidence shows that the amount of glycine synthesized in vivo is insufficient to meet metabolic demands in these species. Plasma glycine levels are lower in subjects with metabolic syndrome than in healthy individuals. Interventions such as lifestyle modification, exercise, weight loss, or drugs that improve manifestations of metabolic syndrome remarkably increase circulating glycine concentrations. CONCLUSION Glycine supplementation improves various components of metabolic syndrome including diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia and hypertension. In the future, the use of glycine may have a significant clinical impact on the treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H Hossenzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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22
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Rom O, Liu Y, Finney AC, Ghrayeb A, Zhao Y, Shukha Y, Wang L, Rajanayake KK, Das S, Rashdan NA, Weissman N, Delgadillo L, Wen B, Garcia-Barrio MT, Aviram M, Kevil CG, Yurdagul A, Pattillo CB, Zhang J, Sun D, Hayek T, Gottlieb E, Mor I, Chen YE. Induction of glutathione biosynthesis by glycine-based treatment mitigates atherosclerosis. Redox Biol 2022; 52:102313. [PMID: 35447412 PMCID: PMC9044008 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower circulating levels of glycine are consistently reported in association with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the causative role and therapeutic potential of glycine in atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of most CVDs, remain to be established. Here, following the identification of reduced circulating glycine in patients with significant coronary artery disease (sCAD), we investigated a causative role of glycine in atherosclerosis by modulating glycine availability in atheroprone mice. We further evaluated the atheroprotective potential of DT-109, a recently identified glycine-based compound with dual lipid/glucose-lowering properties. Glycine deficiency enhanced, while glycine supplementation attenuated, atherosclerosis development in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe−/−) mice. DT-109 treatment showed the most significant atheroprotective effects and lowered atherosclerosis in the whole aortic tree and aortic sinus concomitant with reduced superoxide. In Apoe−/− mice with established atherosclerosis, DT-109 treatment significantly reduced atherosclerosis and aortic superoxide independent of lipid-lowering effects. Targeted metabolomics and kinetics studies revealed that DT-109 induces glutathione formation in mononuclear cells. In bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), glycine and DT-109 attenuated superoxide formation induced by glycine deficiency. This was abolished in BMDMs from glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit-deficient (Gclm−/-) mice in which glutathione biosynthesis is impaired. Metabolic flux and carbon tracing experiments revealed that glycine deficiency inhibits glutathione formation in BMDMs while glycine-based treatment induces de novo glutathione biosynthesis. Through a combination of studies in patients with CAD, in vivo studies using atherosclerotic mice and in vitro studies using macrophages, we demonstrated a causative role of glycine in atherosclerosis and identified glycine-based treatment as an approach to mitigate atherosclerosis through antioxidant effects mediated by induction of glutathione biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Rom
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Alexandra C Finney
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Alia Ghrayeb
- The Laboratory for Metabolism in Health and Disease, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yousef Shukha
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 3109601, Israel; The Lipid Research Laboratory, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3525433, Israel
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Krishani K Rajanayake
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sandeep Das
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Nabil A Rashdan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Natan Weissman
- The Laboratory for Metabolism in Health and Disease, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Luisa Delgadillo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3525433, Israel
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Christopher B Pattillo
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Duxin Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tony Hayek
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 3109601, Israel; The Lipid Research Laboratory, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3525433, Israel
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- The Laboratory for Metabolism in Health and Disease, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Inbal Mor
- The Laboratory for Metabolism in Health and Disease, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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23
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Effects of low crude protein content and glycine supplementation on broiler chicken performance, carcass traits, and litter quality. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tran AM, Wander PL, Thomas MK, Leonetti DL, Kahn SE, Fujimoto WY, Boyko EJ. Plasma amino acid profile, a biomarker for visceral adipose tissue that can substitute for waist circumference in Japanese Americans. Obes Res Clin Pract 2021; 15:557-563. [PMID: 34782257 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greater visceral fat area (VFA) is associated with cardiometabolic outcomes. We sought to identify cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between amino acid (AA) levels and VFA in Japanese-Americans. METHODS From the cohort of 342 Japanese-American participants (51% men) in a study of diabetes risk factors who were free from diabetes, we measured levels of 20 AA by mass spectrometry, height, weight, waist circumference (WC), VFA, subcutaneous fat area by single-slice CT at the umbilicus. Using AA significantly associated with VFA in univariate analyses, we created a VFA prediction index, termed the 4A index. We compared area under receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the 4A index to WC and an existing AA index (Yamakado et al. Clin Obes 2012) in classifying VFA at different cutoff values. We fit age-adjusted linear regression models to evaluate associations between AA levels and change in VFA over 5 years. RESULTS All 20 AA levels significantly detected VFA excess, but WC was better. The 4A index performed better than Yamakado index at classifying VFA ≥ 100 cm2 (0.798, 0.807 vs. 0.677, 0.671 for men and women, p < 0.0033) and VFA ≥ sex-specific median values (0.797, 0.786 vs. 0.676, 0.629 for men and women, p < 0.0017). AA significantly associated with change in VFA over 5 years were asparagine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, methionine, proline, threonine in men; and histidine, isoleucine, tyrosine in women (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The 4A index can serve as a biomarker for VFA in Japanese-Americans and be considered for this purpose when WC is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh M Tran
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Pandora L Wander
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Melissa K Thomas
- Eli Lilly and Company, 893 Delaware St, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA
| | - Donna L Leonetti
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Steven E Kahn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Wilfred Y Fujimoto
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Edward J Boyko
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
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25
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Effect of Melatonin Administration on Mitochondrial Activity and Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Parkinson's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5577541. [PMID: 34707777 PMCID: PMC8545577 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5577541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are extensively linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule with antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin on oxidative stress markers, mitochondrial complex 1 activity, and mitochondrial respiratory control ratio in patients with PD. A double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial study was conducted in 26 patients who received either 25 mg of melatonin or placebo at noon and 30 min before bedtime for three months. At the end of the trial, in patients who received melatonin, we detected a significant diminution of lipoperoxides, nitric oxide metabolites, and carbonyl groups in plasma samples from PD patients compared with the placebo group. Conversely, catalase activity was increased significantly in comparison with the placebo group. Compared with the placebo group, the melatonin group showed significant increases of mitochondrial complex 1 activity and respiratory control ratio. The fluidity of the membranes was similar in the melatonin group and the placebo group at baseline and after three months of treatment. In conclusion, melatonin administration was effective in reducing the levels of oxidative stress markers and restoring the rate of complex I activity and respiratory control ratio without modifying membrane fluidity. This suggests that melatonin could play a role in the treatment of PD.
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26
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Circulating amino acids as fingerprints of visceral adipose tissue independent of insulin resistance: a targeted metabolomic research in women. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2021-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Although obesity and its biomarkers have been intensively studied, little is known about the metabolomic signature of visceral adiposity independent of insulin resistance that frequently accompanies increased levels of visceral fat. Our study aimed to investigate specific changes in amino acid (AA) levels as biomarkers of increased visceral adiposity independent of insulin resistance, in healthy subjects.
Methods: Forty-two adult women were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum samples were analyzed by AAs targeted metabolomics according to their visceral fat area (<100 cm2 and ≥100 cm2).
Results: By corrected t-test and supervised partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) we identified 4 AAs that were significantly higher in the group with higher visceral fat: proline (variable importance in the projection [VIP] predicted value: 1.97), tyrosine (VIP: 2.21), cysteine (VIP: 1.19), isoleucine (VIP: 1.04; p-values <0.05). Also, glycine was significantly lower in the group with higher visceral fat (VIP: 1.65; p-value <0.05). All AAs identified were associated with visceral fat independent of homeo-static model assessment for insulin resistance (p-value for regression coefficients <0.05).
Conclusion: Metabolic pathways that might be disrupted in persons with increased visceral fat are phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; tyrosine metabolism; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism.
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27
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Barrios-Maya MA, Ruiz-Ramírez A, Quezada H, Céspedes Acuña CL, El-Hafidi M. Palmitoyl-CoA effect on cytochrome c release, a key process of apoptosis, from liver mitochondria of rat with sucrose diet-induced obesity. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112351. [PMID: 34171418 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (cyt-c) release from the mitochondria to the cytosol is a key process in the initiation of hepatocyte apoptosis involved in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocyte apoptosis may be related to lipotoxicity due to the accumulation of palmitic acid and palmitoyl-CoA (Pal-CoA). Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine whether Pal-CoA induces cyt-c release from liver mitochondria of sucrose-fed rat (SF). Pal-CoA-induced cyt-c release was sensitive to cyclosporine A indicating the involvement of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (mMPT). In addition, cyt-c release from SF mitochondria remains significantly lower than C mitochondria despite the increased rate of H2O2 generation in SF mitochondria. The decreased cyt-c release from SF may be also related to the increased proportion of the palmitic acid-enriched cardiolipin, due to the high availibilty of palmitic acid in SF liver. The enrichment of cardiolipin molecular species with palmitic acid makes cardiolipin more resistant to peroxidation, a mechanism involved in the dissociation of cyt-c from mitochondrial inner membrane. These results suggest that Pal-CoA may participate in the progression of NAFLD to more severe disease through mechanisms involving cyt-c release and mMPT, a key process of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel-Angel Barrios-Maya
- Depto de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, C.D. México, Mexico
| | - Angélica Ruiz-Ramírez
- Depto de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, C.D. México, Mexico
| | - Héctor Quezada
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Doctor Márquez # 162, Col. Doctores, CP 06720, C.D. México, Mexico
| | - Carlos L Céspedes Acuña
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del BioBio, Chillan, Chile
| | - Mohammed El-Hafidi
- Depto de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, C.D. México, Mexico.
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28
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Chang X, Wang L, Guan SP, Kennedy BK, Liu J, Khor CC, Low AF, Chan MYY, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Friedlander Y, Dorajoo R, Heng CK. The association of genetically determined serum glycine with cardiovascular risk in East Asians. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1840-1844. [PMID: 33992511 PMCID: PMC10442847 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Glycine is involved in a wide range of metabolic pathways and increased circulating glycine is associated with reduced risk of cardio-metabolic diseases in Europeans but the genetic association between circulating glycine and cardiovascular risk is largely unknown in East Asians. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in Singaporean Chinese participants and investigated if genetically determined serum glycine were associated with incident coronary artery disease (CAD) (711 cases and 1,246 controls), cardiovascular death (1,886 cases and 21,707 controls) and angiographic CAD severity (as determined by the Modified Gensini score, N = 1,138). CONCLUSION Our study, a first in East Asians, suggest a protective role of glycine against CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuling Chang
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat, National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Ling Wang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Shou Ping Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Adrian F Low
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; National University Heart Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Mark Yan-Yee Chan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; National University Heart Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat, National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
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Babygirija R, Lamming DW. The regulation of healthspan and lifespan by dietary amino acids. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2021; 5:17-30. [PMID: 34263088 PMCID: PMC8277109 DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a key macronutrient and source of essential macromolecules, dietary protein plays a significant role in health. For many years, protein-rich diets have been recommended as healthy due to the satiety-inducing and muscle-building effects of protein, as well as the ability of protein calories to displace allegedly unhealthy calories from fats and carbohydrates. However, clinical studies find that consumption of dietary protein is associated with an increased risk of multiple diseases, especially diabetes, while studies in rodents have demonstrated that protein restriction can promote metabolic health and even lifespan. Emerging evidence suggests that the effects of dietary protein on health and longevity are not mediated simply by protein quantity but are instead mediated by protein quality - the specific amino acid composition of the diet. Here, we discuss how dietary protein and specific amino acids including methionine, the branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine), tryptophan and glycine regulate metabolic health, healthspan, and aging, with attention to the specific molecular mechanisms that may participate in these effects. Finally, we discuss the potential applicability of these findings to promoting healthy aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reji Babygirija
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dudley W. Lamming
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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30
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Hou Y, Guo W, Fan T, Li B, Ge W, Gao R, Wang J. Advanced Research of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms on Metabolism. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:630269. [PMID: 33614752 PMCID: PMC7892590 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.630269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a cardiovascular disease with a high risk of death, seriously threatening the life and health of people. The specific pathogenesis of AAA is still not fully understood. In recent years, researchers have found that amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism disorders play important roles in the occurrence and development of AAA. This review is aimed to summarize the latest research progress of the relationship between AAA progression and body metabolism. The body metabolism is closely related to the occurrence and development of AAA. It is necessary to further investigate the pathogenesis of AAA from the perspective of metabolism to provide theoretical basis for AAA diagnosis and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tianfei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bolun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weipeng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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31
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Rom O, Liu Y, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Wu J, Ghrayeb A, Villacorta L, Fan Y, Chang L, Wang L, Liu C, Yang D, Song J, Rech JC, Guo Y, Wang H, Zhao G, Liang W, Koike Y, Lu H, Koike T, Hayek T, Pennathur S, Xi C, Wen B, Sun D, Garcia-Barrio MT, Aviram M, Gottlieb E, Mor I, Liu W, Zhang J, Chen YE. Glycine-based treatment ameliorates NAFLD by modulating fatty acid oxidation, glutathione synthesis, and the gut microbiome. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaaz2841. [PMID: 33268508 PMCID: PMC7982985 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has reached epidemic proportions with no pharmacological therapy approved. Lower circulating glycine is consistently reported in patients with NAFLD, but the causes for reduced glycine, its role as a causative factor, and its therapeutic potential remain unclear. We performed transcriptomics in livers from humans and mice with NAFLD and found suppression of glycine biosynthetic genes, primarily alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (AGXT1). Genetic (Agxt1 -/- mice) and dietary approaches to limit glycine availability resulted in exacerbated diet-induced hyperlipidemia and steatohepatitis, with suppressed mitochondrial/peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) and enhanced inflammation as the underlying pathways. We explored glycine-based compounds with dual lipid/glucose-lowering properties as potential therapies for NAFLD and identified a tripeptide (Gly-Gly-L-Leu, DT-109) that improved body composition and lowered circulating glucose, lipids, transaminases, proinflammatory cytokines, and steatohepatitis in mice with established NASH induced by a high-fat, cholesterol, and fructose diet. We applied metagenomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics to explore the underlying mechanisms. The bacterial genus Clostridium sensu stricto was markedly increased in mice with NASH and decreased after DT-109 treatment. DT-109 induced hepatic FAO pathways, lowered lipotoxicity, and stimulated de novo glutathione synthesis. In turn, inflammatory infiltration and hepatic fibrosis were attenuated via suppression of NF-κB target genes and TGFβ/SMAD signaling. Unlike its effects on the gut microbiome, DT-109 stimulated FAO and glutathione synthesis independent of NASH. In conclusion, impaired glycine metabolism may play a causative role in NAFLD. Glycine-based treatment attenuates experimental NAFLD by stimulating hepatic FAO and glutathione synthesis, thus warranting clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Rom
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alia Ghrayeb
- The Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Luis Villacorta
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Yanbo Fan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Lin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cai Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dongshan Yang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jun Song
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason C Rech
- Michigan Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, MI, USA
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Huilun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Guizhen Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wenying Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yui Koike
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Haocheng Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tomonari Koike
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tony Hayek
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | | | - Chuanwu Xi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- The Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Inbal Mor
- The Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Metabolomics of Interstitial Fluid, Plasma and Urine in Patients with Arterial Hypertension: New Insights into the Underlying Mechanisms. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10110936. [PMID: 33187152 PMCID: PMC7698256 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that lymphatic system plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Here, for the first time, the metabolome of interstitial fluid is analyzed in patients with arterial hypertension. Due to ethical issues to obtain human interstitial fluid samples, this study included only oncological patients after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). These patients were matched into hypertensive (n = 29) and normotensive (n = 35) groups with similar oncological status. Simultaneous evaluation of interstitial fluid, plasma, and urine was obtained by combining high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy with chemometric analysis. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) provided a clear differentiation between the hypertension and normotensive group, with the discrimination visible in each biofluid. In interstitial fluid nine potential metabolomic biomarkers for hypertension could be identified (creatinine, proline, pyroglutamine, glycine, alanine, 1-methylhistidine, the lysyl group of albumin, threonine, lipids), seven distinct markers in plasma (creatinine, mannose, isobutyrate, glycine, alanine, lactate, acetate, ornithine), and seven respectively in urine (methylmalonate, citrulline, phenylacetylglycine, fumarate, citrate, 1-methylnicotinamide, trans-aconitate). Biomarkers in plasma and urine allowed for the identification of specific biochemical pathways involved in hypertension, as previously suggested. Analysis of the interstitial fluid metabolome provided additional biomarkers compared to plasma or urine. Those biomarkers reflected primarily alterations in the metabolism of lipids and amino acids, and indicated increased levels of oxidative stress/inflammation in patients with hypertension.
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Simmons RM, McKnight SM, Edwards AK, Wu G, Satterfield MC. Obesity increases hepatic glycine dehydrogenase and aminomethyltransferase expression while dietary glycine supplementation reduces white adipose tissue in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Amino Acids 2020; 52:1413-1423. [PMID: 33057941 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02901-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with altered glycine metabolism in humans. This study investigated the mechanisms regulating glycine metabolism in obese rats. Eight-week-old Zucker diabetic fatty rats (ZDF; a type-II diabetic animal model) received either 1% glycine or 1.19% L-alanine (isonitrogenous control) in drinking water for 6 weeks. An additional group of lean Zucker rats also received 1.19% L-alanine as a lean control. Glycine concentrations in serum and liver were markedly lower in obese versus lean rats. Enteral glycine supplementation restored both serum and hepatic glycine levels, while reducing mesenteric and internal white fat mass compared with alanine-treated ZDF rats. Blood glucose and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations did not differ between the control and glycine-supplemented ZDF rats (P > 0.10). Both mRNA and protein expression of aminomethyltransferase (AMT) and glycine dehydrogenase, decarboxylating (GLDC) were increased in the livers of obese versus lean rats (P < 0.05). In contrast, glycine cleavage system H (GCSH) hepatic mRNA expression was downregulated in obese versus lean rats, although there was no change in protein expression. These findings indicate that reduced quantities of glycine observed in obese subjects likely results from an upregulation of the hepatic glycine cleavage system and that dietary glycine supplementation potentially reduces obesity in ZDF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Simmons
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Sorin M McKnight
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ashley K Edwards
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Michael C Satterfield
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Zaric BL, Radovanovic JN, Gluvic Z, Stewart AJ, Essack M, Motwalli O, Gojobori T, Isenovic ER. Atherosclerosis Linked to Aberrant Amino Acid Metabolism and Immunosuppressive Amino Acid Catabolizing Enzymes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:551758. [PMID: 33117340 PMCID: PMC7549398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.551758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading global health concern and responsible for more deaths worldwide than any other type of disorder. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in the arterial wall, which underpins several types of cardiovascular disease. It has emerged that a strong relationship exists between alterations in amino acid (AA) metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have reported positive correlations between levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) such as leucine, valine, and isoleucine in plasma and the occurrence of metabolic disturbances. Elevated serum levels of BCAAs indicate a high cardiometabolic risk. Thus, BCAAs may also impact atherosclerosis prevention and offer a novel therapeutic strategy for specific individuals at risk of coronary events. The metabolism of AAs, such as L-arginine, homoarginine, and L-tryptophan, is recognized as a critical regulator of vascular homeostasis. Dietary intake of homoarginine, taurine, and glycine can improve atherosclerosis by endothelium remodeling. Available data also suggest that the regulation of AA metabolism by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and arginases 1 and 2 are mediated through various immunological signals and that immunosuppressive AA metabolizing enzymes are promising therapeutic targets against atherosclerosis. Further clinical studies and basic studies that make use of animal models are required. Here we review recent data examining links between AA metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozidarka L. Zaric
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena N. Radovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinical-Hospital Centre Zemun-Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alan J. Stewart
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center, Computer (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olaa Motwalli
- College of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University (SEU), Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center, Computer (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Woo M, Noh JS. Regulatory Effects of Skate Skin-Derived Collagen Peptides with Different Molecular Weights on Lipid Metabolism in the Liver and Adipose Tissue. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070187. [PMID: 32630126 PMCID: PMC7400643 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of skate skin collagen peptide (SSCP) with different molecular weights (MWs) on the lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue. Male db/db mice were orally administered with water (control group) or low SSCP (LCP group) or high SSCP (HCP group) MW for 8 weeks whereas male m/m mice were used for comparison (normal group) (n = 10 each group). Compared to the control group, the LCP and HCP groups had lower adipose tissue mass, plasma and hepatic lipid concentrations, and plasma leptin levels (p < 0.05). Protein expression levels of lipogenesis-related protein were reduced in both liver and adipose tissues of SSCP-fed groups whereas those for lipolysis were elevated (p < 0.05). In particular, the LCP had the higher effects relative to the HCP. The above results were supported by histological analysis, revealing that SSCP administration decreased the size of adipose droplets and suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation. Our results showed that SSCP has potential antiobesity properties through the improvement of lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue; in particular, the lower MW of collagen peptide had the greater effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Woo
- Busan Innovation Institute of Industry, Science & Technology Planning (BISTEP), Busan 48058, Korea;
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jeong Sook Noh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Tongmyong University, Busan 48520, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-629-1716; Fax: +82-51-629-1709
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36
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Metabolic Fingerprint of Turner Syndrome. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030664. [PMID: 32131408 PMCID: PMC7141341 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Girls with Turner syndrome (TS) are at increased risk of developing insulin resistance and coronary artery disease as a result of hypertension and obesity frequently seen in these patients. On the other hand, it is known that obesity is associated with increased serum levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs: valine; leucine and isoleucine) and aromatic amino acids. The aim of the study is to compare the metabolic fingerprint of girls with TS to the metabolic fingerprint of girls with obesity. Metabolic fingerprinting using an untargeted metabolomic approach was examined in plasma from 46 girls with TS (study group) and 22 age-matched girls with obesity (control group). The mean values of BCAAs, methionine, phenylalanine, lysine, tryptophan, histidine, tyrosine, alanine and ornithine were significantly lower in the study group than in the control (p from 0.0025 to <0.000001). Strong significant correlation between BCAAs, phenylalanine, arginine, tyrosine, glutamic acid, citrulline and alanine, and body mass index expressed as standard deviation score BMI-SDS in the patients with obesity (p from 0.049 to 0.0005) was found. In contrast; there was no correlation between these amino acids and BMI-SDS in the girls with TS. It is suggested that obesity in patients with TS is not associated with altered amino acids metabolism.
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37
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Chen JW, Lin YL, Chou CH, Wu YHS, Wang SY, Chen YC. Antiobesity and hypolipidemic effects of protease A-digested crude-chalaza hydrolysates in a high-fat diet. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Landa-Galvan HV, Rios-Castro E, Romero-Garcia T, Rueda A, Olivares-Reyes JA. Metabolic syndrome diminishes insulin-induced Akt activation and causes a redistribution of Akt-interacting proteins in cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228115. [PMID: 31995605 PMCID: PMC6988918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, with insulin resistance as a critical component for its development. Insulin signaling in the heart leads to Akt (also known as PKB) activation, a serine/threonine protein kinase, which regulates cardiac glucose metabolism and growth. Cardiac metabolic inflexibility, characterized by impaired insulin-induced glucose uptake and oxidation, has been reported as an early and consistent change in the heart of different models of MetS and diabetes; however, the evaluation of Akt activation has yielded variable results. Here we report in cardiomyocytes of MetS rats, diminished insulin-induced glucose uptake and Akt activation, evaluated by its impaired mobilization towards the plasma membrane and phosphorylation, and reflected in a re-distribution of its interacting proteins, assessed by label-free mass spectrometry (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD013260). We report 45 proteins with diminished abundance in Akt complex of MetS cardiomyocytes, mainly represented by energy metabolism-related proteins, and also, 31 Akt-interacting proteins with increased abundance, which were mainly related to contraction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and Akt negative regulation. These results emphasize the relevance of Akt in the regulation of energy metabolism in the heart and highlight Akt-interacting proteins that could be involved in the detrimental effects of MetS in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Rios-Castro
- Unidad de Genomica, Proteomica y Metabolomica (UGPM), LaNSE-Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Angelica Rueda
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
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Ruiz-Ramírez A, Barrios-Maya M, Quezada-Pablo H, López-Acosta O, El-Hafidi M. Kidney dysfunction induced by a sucrose-rich diet in rat involves mitochondria ROS generation, cardiolipin changes, and the decline of autophagy protein markers. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F53-F66. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00208.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic link between obesity and renal failure has been proposed to involve mitochondria reactive oxygen species generation and lipotoxicity. These pathological conditions make mitochondria of particular interest in the regulation of cell function and death by both apoptosis and autophagy. Therefore, this work was undertaken to investigate mitochondria function, autophagy, and apoptosis protein markers in the kidney from a rat model of intra-abdominal obesity and renal damage induced by a high-sucrose diet. Mitochondria from sucrose-fed (SF) kidneys in the presence of pyruvate-malate generated H2O2at a higher rate than from control (79.81 ± 4.98 vs. 65.84 ± 1.95 pmol·min−1·mg protein−1). With succinate, the release of H2O2was significantly higher compared with pyruvate-malate, and it remained higher in SF than in control mitochondria (146.4 ± 8.8 vs. 106.1 ± 5.9 pmol·min−1·mg protein−1). However, cytochrome c release from SF kidney mitochondria was lower than from control. In addition, cardiolipin, a mitochondria-specific phospholipid, was found increased in SF mitochondria due to the enhanced amount of both cardiolipin synthase and tafazzin. Cardiolipin was also found enriched with saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, which are less susceptible to peroxidative stress involved in cytochrome c release. Furthermore, beclin-1 and light chain 3-B, as autophagy protein markers, and caspase-9, as apoptosis protein marker, were found decreased in SF kidneys. These results suggest that the decline of autophagy protein markers and the lack of apoptosis process could be a pathological mechanism of cell dysfunction leading to the progression of renal disease in SF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Ruiz-Ramírez
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Barrios-Maya
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hector Quezada-Pablo
- Immunology and Proteomics Laboratory, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ocarol López-Acosta
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mohammed El-Hafidi
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Dale HF, Madsen L, Lied GA. Fish-derived proteins and their potential to improve human health. Nutr Rev 2019; 77:572-583. [PMID: 31124569 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence from studies evaluating the effect of lean fish consumption in humans suggests that proteins from fish have several beneficial metabolic effects. Rest, or waste, material from the fishing industry contains high-quality proteins, and utilization of this material offers novel possibilities for the development of protein-containing products that might be beneficial for human consumption. Fish-derived peptides containing bioactive amino acid sequences suggested to beneficially influence pathways involved in body composition, hypertension, lipid profile, and regulation of glucose metabolism are of particular interest, although the results of published studies are conflicting. This review aims to summarize current knowledge from animal studies and clinical interventions in humans evaluating the effects of lean fish, fish proteins, and fish-derived peptides on outcomes related to metabolic health. Fish proteins have a high content of taurine, and animal trials suggest that taurine mediates some of the beneficial effects observed thus far, although the mechanisms by which fish peptides exert their action are not yet elucidated. At this time, the literature is inconsistent, and there is insufficient mechanistic evidence to support a beneficial effect of fish-derived peptides on metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Fjeldheim Dale
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Nutrition; the Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine
- National Centre of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Madsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Nutrition; the Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine
- National Centre of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gülen Arslan Lied
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway; and the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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41
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Assessing the causal association of glycine with risk of cardio-metabolic diseases. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1060. [PMID: 30837465 PMCID: PMC6400990 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08936-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating levels of glycine have previously been associated with lower incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) but it remains uncertain if glycine plays an aetiological role. We present a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for glycine in 80,003 participants and investigate the causality and potential mechanisms of the association between glycine and cardio-metabolic diseases using genetic approaches. We identify 27 genetic loci, of which 22 have not previously been reported for glycine. We show that glycine is genetically associated with lower CHD risk and find that this may be partly driven by blood pressure. Evidence for a genetic association of glycine with T2D is weaker, but we find a strong inverse genetic effect of hyperinsulinaemia on glycine. Our findings strengthen evidence for a protective effect of glycine on CHD and show that the glycine-T2D association may be driven by a glycine-lowering effect of insulin resistance.
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Tanianskii DA, Jarzebska N, Birkenfeld AL, O'Sullivan JF, Rodionov RN. Beta-Aminoisobutyric Acid as a Novel Regulator of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism. Nutrients 2019; 11:E524. [PMID: 30823446 PMCID: PMC6470580 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome is reaching pandemic proportions worldwide, thus warranting an intensive search for novel preventive and treatment strategies. Recent studies have identified a number of soluble factors secreted by adipocytes and myocytes (adipo-/myokines), which link sedentary life style, abdominal obesity, and impairments in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In this review, we discuss the metabolic roles of the recently discovered myokine β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), which is produced by skeletal muscle during physical activity. In addition to physical activity, the circulating levels of BAIBA are controlled by the mitochondrial enzyme alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2), which is primarily expressed in the liver and kidneys. Recent studies have shown that BAIBA can protect from diet-induced obesity in animal models. It induces transition of white adipose tissue to a "beige" phenotype, which induces fatty acids oxidation and increases insulin sensitivity. While the exact mechanisms of BAIBA-induced metabolic effects are still not well understood, we discuss some of the proposed pathways. The reviewed data provide new insights into the connection between physical activity and energy metabolism and suggest that BAIBA might be a potential novel drug for treatment of the metabolic syndrome and its cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii A Tanianskii
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Acad. Pavlov St., 12, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Fundamental Medicine and Medical Technology, St.Petersburg State University, 8 liter A, 21st Line V.O., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Natalia Jarzebska
- University Center for Vascular Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Medical Clinic III, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - John F O'Sullivan
- Medical Clinic III, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- Charles Perkins Centre and Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, 7 Eliza St, Newtown NSW, Sydney 2042, Australia.
| | - Roman N Rodionov
- University Center for Vascular Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Isabelle SA, Ahmed-Ben M, Benoit C, Dominique D, Jérémie D, Noureddine H, Carole M, Estelle PG, Didier R, Sergio P. Profound Changes in Net Energy and Nitrogen Metabolites Fluxes within the Splanchnic Area during Overfeeding of Yucatan Mini Pigs That Remain Euglycemic. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020434. [PMID: 30791497 PMCID: PMC6412845 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A dysregulation of nutrient exchange between tissues (gut, liver, muscles, adipose) occurs during overnutrition and could induce obesity and metabolic diseases. We aimed to evaluate how, in overfed mini pigs, nutrients use and partition were regulated in the gut and liver. Net nutrients fluxes were assessed in the fed (PP) and post absorptive (PA) states at 1, 14 and 60 days of adaptation to overfeeding in five adult Yucatan female multicatheterized minipigs. Pigs PA glycaemia and PP-induced hyperglycemia remained unchanged over the experimental period, suggesting that the management of the excess of energy intake allowed the maintenance of glucose levels. This was associated with (1) an increased PA plasma insulin, (2) an increased gut lactate production (increased lactate net release +89%, 1 h PP, D1 vs. D60) probably from an increased glucose oxidation, (3) a shift in utilization of gluconeogenic precursor (lactate, propionate) in the liver, and (4) a reduced gut utilization of nitrogen moieties for energy purposes (glutamine), a nitrogen sparing effect at the whole body level (decreased plasma urea in PA (−24% D1 vs. D60) and PP states) and a specific increased level of AA involved in lipids handling and bile recycling in the gut lumen (taurine and glycine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Savary-Auzeloux Isabelle
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Mohamed Ahmed-Ben
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Cohade Benoit
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Dardevet Dominique
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - David Jérémie
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Hafnaoui Noureddine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Migné Carole
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, PFEM, Metabo-Hub Clermont, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Pujos-Guillot Estelle
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, PFEM, Metabo-Hub Clermont, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Rémond Didier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Polakof Sergio
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
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Abstract
We provide an overview of studies on seafood intake in relation to obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Overweight and obesity development is for most individuals the result of years of positive energy balance. Evidence from intervention trials and animal studies suggests that frequent intake of lean seafood, as compared with intake of terrestrial meats, reduces energy intake by 4–9 %, sufficient to prevent a positive energy balance and obesity. At equal energy intake, lean seafood reduces fasting and postprandial risk markers of insulin resistance, and improves insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant adults. Energy restriction combined with intake of lean and fatty seafood seems to increase weight loss. Marine n-3 PUFA are probably of importance through n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators such as endocannabinoids and oxylipins, but other constituents of seafood such as the fish protein per se, trace elements or vitamins also seem to play a largely neglected role. A high intake of fatty seafood increases circulating levels of the insulin-sensitising hormone adiponectin. As compared with a high meat intake, high intake of seafood has been reported to reduce plasma levels of the hepatic acute-phase protein C-reactive protein level in some, but not all studies. More studies are needed to confirm the dietary effects on energy intake, obesity and insulin resistance. Future studies should be designed to elucidate the potential contribution of trace elements, vitamins and undesirables present in seafood, and we argue that stratification into responders and non-responders in randomised controlled trials may improve the understanding of health effects from intake of seafood.
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Li X, Sun L, Zhang W, Li H, Wang S, Mu H, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Wang Y, Chen W, Yang R, Dong J. Association of serum glycine levels with metabolic syndrome in an elderly Chinese population. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:89. [PMID: 30568717 PMCID: PMC6297971 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have identified a negative association between serum glycine (Gly) levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, this association has not been fully established in the elderly. METHODS A total of 472 Chinese individuals (272 males and 200 females, 70.1 ± 6.6 years old) participated in a population-based, cross-sectional survey in Beijing Hospital. The MetS and its components were defined based on the 2006 International Diabetes Federation (IDF) standard for Asians. Serum Gly concentration was determined using isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULT The proportion of patients with MetS decreased gradually with increasing Gly levels (p for trend < 0.001), and serum Gly concentrations declined gradually with increasing numbers of MetS components (p = 0.03 for trend). After adjusting for age and gender, lower Gly levels were significantly associated with MetS and central obesity, with OR (95% CI) of 0.40 (0.25-0.65) and 0.46 (0.28-0.74). The stratified analysis conducted according to age showed that the OR between serum Gly levels and MetS was greater in those older than 65 (OR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.51-0.86) than in those younger than 65 (OR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.54-1.46). In the stratified analysis, using other age cut-off points, the results consistently showed that the association between serum Gly levels and MetS was more remarkable in the older groups. CONCLUSIONS Gly levels are associated with cardiometabolic characteristics and MetS in the elderly, and the association is more pronounced in very old people than in younger old people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Li
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Sun
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenduo Zhang
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Siming Wang
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongna Mu
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yueming Tang
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxiang Chen
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiyue Yang
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Dong
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
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46
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Gancheva S, Jelenik T, Álvarez-Hernández E, Roden M. Interorgan Metabolic Crosstalk in Human Insulin Resistance. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1371-1415. [PMID: 29767564 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive energy intake and reduced energy expenditure drive the development of insulin resistance and metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolic signals derived from dietary intake or secreted from adipose tissue, gut, and liver contribute to energy homeostasis. Recent metabolomic studies identified novel metabolites and enlarged our knowledge on classic metabolites. This review summarizes the evidence of their roles as mediators of interorgan crosstalk and regulators of insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism. Circulating lipids such as free fatty acids, acetate, and palmitoleate from adipose tissue and short-chain fatty acids from the gut effectively act on liver and skeletal muscle. Intracellular lipids such as diacylglycerols and sphingolipids can serve as lipotoxins by directly inhibiting insulin action in muscle and liver. In contrast, fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids have been recently shown to exert a series of beneficial effects. Also, ketoacids are gaining interest as potent modulators of insulin action and mitochondrial function. Finally, branched-chain amino acids not only predict metabolic diseases, but also inhibit insulin signaling. Here, we focus on the metabolic crosstalk in humans, which regulates insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis in the main insulin-sensitive tissues, skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiya Gancheva
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; and German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich- Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Tomas Jelenik
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; and German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich- Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Elisa Álvarez-Hernández
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; and German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich- Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; and German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich- Neuherberg , Germany
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47
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Elsabagh M, Ishikake M, Sakamoto Y, Haruno A, Miura M, Fujieda T, Obitsu T, Sugino T. Postruminal supply of amino acids enhances ghrelin secretion and lipid metabolism in feed-deprived sheep. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1663-1672. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mabrouk Elsabagh
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima Japan
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kafrelsheikh University; Kafr El-Sheikh Egypt
| | - Motomi Ishikake
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Taketo Obitsu
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Toshihisa Sugino
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima Japan
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48
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Hua YL, Ma Q, Zhang XS, Yao WL, Ji P, Hu JJ, Wei YM. Urinary metabolomics analysis reveals the effect of volatile oil from Angelica sinensis on LPS-induced inflammation rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4402. [PMID: 30255631 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation occurs commonly and volatile oil from Angelica sinensis (VOAS) can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent. The molecular mechanisms that allow the anti-inflammatory factors to be expressed are still unknown. In this paper, we applied gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q/TOF-MS) based on a metabolomics platform coupled with a network approach to analyze urine samples in three groups of rats: one with LPS-induced inflammation (MI); one with intervention with VOAS; and normal controls (NC). Our study found definite metabolic footprints of inflammation and showed that all three groups of rats, MI, intervention with VOAS and NC have distinct metabolic profiles in urine. The concentrations of 48 metabolites differed significantly among the three groups. The metabolites in urine were screened by the GC-MS and LC-Q/TOF-MS methods. The significantly changed metabolites (p < 0.05, variable importance in projection > 1.5) between MI, NC and VOAS were included in the metabolic networks. Finally, hub metabolites were screened, including glycine, arachidonic acid, l-glutamate, pyruvate and succinate, which have high values of degree (k). the Results suggest that disorders of glycine, arachidonic acid, l-glutamate, pyruvate and succinate metabolism might play an important part in the predisposition and development of LPS-induced inflammation. By applying metabolomics with network methods, the mechanisms of diseases are clearly elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Li Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, China
| | - Qi Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, China
| | - Xiao-Song Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, China
| | - Wan-Ling Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, China
| | - Peng Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, China
| | - Jun-Jie Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, China
| | - Yan-Ming Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, China
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49
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Zeb A, Rahman SU. Protective effects of dietary glycine and glutamic acid toward the toxic effects of oxidized mustard oil in rabbits. Food Funct 2018; 8:429-436. [PMID: 28091680 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01329e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The protective role of glycine and glutamic acid against the toxic effects of oxidized oil was studied for the first time. Mustard seed oil was thermally oxidized and characterized for quality characteristics and polyphenolic composition using reversed phase HPLC-DAD. Significant changes in the quality characteristics occurred with thermal oxidation. Fourteen polyphenolic compounds were identified and quantified in oils. Quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-feruloylsophoroside, catechin, quercetin-3-rutinoside, quercetin-3,7-diglucoside, sinapic acid and vanillic acid hexoside were the major compounds in the fresh and oxidized oil. Oxidized, un-oxidized mustard oils, glycine and glutamic acid were given to rabbits alone or in combination. The biochemical responses were studied in terms of haematological and biochemical parameters and histopathology. It has been observed that biochemical and haematological parameters were adversely affected by the oxidized oil, while supplementation of both amino acids was beneficial in normalizing these parameters. Both amino acids alone have no significant effects, however, oxidized oil affected the liver by enhancing fat accumulation, causing hepatitis, reactive Kupffer cells and necrosis. The co-administration of oxidized oils with glycine or glutamic acid revealed significant recovery of the liver structure and function. In conclusion, glycine or glutamic acid is beneficial and protective against food toxicity and can be considered as an ameliorative food supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alam Zeb
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Saleem Ur Rahman
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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50
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Woo M, Song YO, Kang KH, Noh JS. Anti-Obesity Effects of Collagen Peptide Derived from Skate ( Raja kenojei) Skin Through Regulation of Lipid Metabolism. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16090306. [PMID: 30200239 PMCID: PMC6164805 DOI: 10.3390/md16090306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the anti-obesity effects of collagen peptide derived from skate skin on lipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. All C57BL6/J male mice were fed a HFD with 60% kcal fat except for mice in the normal group which were fed a chow diet. The collagen-fed groups received collagen peptide (1050 Da) orally (100, 200, or 300 mg/kg body weight per day) by gavage, whereas the normal and control groups were given water (n = 9 per group). The body weight gain and visceral adipose tissue weight were lower in the collagen-fed groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). Plasma and hepatic lipid levels were significantly reduced by downregulating the hepatic protein expression levels for fatty acid synthesis (sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)) and cholesterol synthesis (SREBP-2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR)) and upregulating those for β-oxidation (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1)) and synthesis of bile acid (cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1)) (p < 0.05). In the collagen-fed groups, the hepatic protein expression level of phosphorylated 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and plasma adiponectin levels were higher, and the leptin level was lower (p < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed that collagen treatment suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation and reduced the lipid droplet size in the adipose tissue. These effects were increased in a dose-dependent manner. The findings indicated that skate collagen peptide has anti-obesity effects through suppression of fat accumulation and regulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Woo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Yeong Ok Song
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | | | - Jeong Sook Noh
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Tongmyong University, Busan 48520, Korea.
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