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Hassan NF, El-Ansary MR, El-Ansary AR, El-Saied MA, Zaki OS. Unveiling the protective potential of mirabegron against thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in rats: Insights into cAMP/PPAR-γ/p-ERK1/2/p S536 NF-κB p 65 and p-CREB/BDNF/TrkB in parallel with oxidative and apoptotic trajectories. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 229:116504. [PMID: 39179118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is one of the most prevalent and severe hepatic and brain disorders in which escalation of the oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic trajectories pathologically connects acute liver injury with neurological impairment. Mirabegron (Mira) is a beta3 adrenergic receptor agonist with proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The current research pointed to exploring Mira's hepato-and neuroprotective impacts against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced HE in rats. Rats were distributed into three experimental groups: the normal control group, the TAA group, received TAA (200 mg/kg/day for three consecutive days) and the Mira-treated group received Mira (10 mg/kg/day; oral gavage) for 15 consecutive days and intoxicated with TAA from the 13th to the 15th day of the experimental period. Mira counteracted hyperammonemia, enhanced rats' locomotor capability and motor coordination. It attenuated hepatic/neurological injuries by its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic as well as anti-inflammatory potentials. Mira predominantly targeted cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-Erk1/2)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) dependent pathways via downregulation of p S536-nuclear factor kappa B p65 (p S536 NF-κB p 65)/tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) axis. Meanwhile, it attenuated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) depletion in parallel with restoring of the neuroprotective defensive pathway by upregulation of cerebral cAMP/PPAR-γ/p-ERK1/2 and p-CREB/BDNF/TrkB besides reduction of GFAP immunoreactivity. Mira showed anti-apoptotic activity through inhibition of Bax immunoreactivity and elevation of Bcl2. To summarize, Mira exhibited a hepato-and neuroprotective effect against TAA-induced HE in rats via shielding antioxidant defense and mitigation of the pathological inflammatory and apoptotic axis besides upregulation of neuroprotective signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha F Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona R El-Ansary
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira R El-Ansary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Saied
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Omnia S Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt.
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2
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Kim SM, Sultana F, Korkmaz F, Rojekar S, Pallapati A, Ryu V, Lizneva D, Yuen T, Rosen CJ, Zaidi M. Neuroendocrinology of bone. Pituitary 2024:10.1007/s11102-024-01437-5. [PMID: 39096452 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-024-01437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed significant advances in our understanding of skeletal homeostasis and the mechanisms that mediate the loss of bone in primary and secondary osteoporosis. Recent breakthroughs have primarily emerged from identifying disease-causing mutations and phenocopying human bone disease in rodents. Notably, using genetically-modified rodent models, disrupting the reciprocal relationship with tropic pituitary hormone and effector hormones, we have learned that pituitary hormones have independent roles in skeletal physiology, beyond their effects exerted through target endocrine glands. The rise of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the late perimenopause may account, at least in part, for the rapid bone loss when estrogen is normal, while low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels may contribute to the bone loss in thyrotoxicosis. Admittedly speculative, suppressed levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) may directly exacerbate bone loss in the setting of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Furthermore, beyond their established roles in reproduction and lactation, oxytocin and prolactin may affect intergenerational calcium transfer and therefore fetal skeletal mineralization, whereas elevated vasopressin levels in chronic hyponatremic states may increase the risk of bone loss.. Here, we discuss the interaction of each pituitary hormone in relation to its role in bone physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Min Kim
- Mount Sinai Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Farhath Sultana
- Mount Sinai Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Funda Korkmaz
- Mount Sinai Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Satish Rojekar
- Mount Sinai Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Anusha Pallapati
- Mount Sinai Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Vitaly Ryu
- Mount Sinai Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Daria Lizneva
- Mount Sinai Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Tony Yuen
- Mount Sinai Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Mone Zaidi
- Mount Sinai Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Della Guardia L, Shin AC. Obesity-induced tissue alterations resist weight loss: A mechanistic review. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:3045-3057. [PMID: 38720199 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Interventions aimed at weight control often have limited effectiveness in combating obesity. This review explores how obesity-induced dysfunction in white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), skeletal muscle, and the brain blunt weight loss, leading to retention of stored fat. In obesity, increased adrenergic stimulation and inflammation downregulate β-adrenoreceptors and impair catecholaminergic signalling in adipocytes. This disrupts adrenergic-mediated lipolysis, diminishing lipid oxidation in both white and brown adipocytes, lowering thermogenesis and blunting fat loss. Emerging evidence suggests that WAT fibrosis is associated with worse weight loss outcomes; indeed, limiting collagen and laminin-α4 deposition mitigates WAT accumulation, enhances browning, and protects against high-fat-diet-induced obesity. Obesity compromises mitochondrial oxidative capacity and lipid oxidation in skeletal muscle, impairing its ability to switch between glucose and lipid metabolism in response to varying nutrient levels and exercise. This dysfunctional phenotype in muscle is exacerbated in the presence of obesity-associated sarcopenia. Additionally, obesity suppresses sarcolipin-induced sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) activation, resulting in reduced oxidative capacity, diminished energy expenditure, and increased adiposity. In the hypothalamus, obesity and overnutrition impair insulin and leptin signalling. This blunts central satiety signals, favouring a shift in energy balance toward energy conservation and body fat retention. Moreover, both obese animals and humans demonstrate impaired dopaminergic signalling and diminished responses to nutrient intake in the striatum, which tend to persist after weight loss. This may result in enduring inclinations toward overeating and a sedentary lifestyle. Collectively, the tissue adaptations described pose significant challenges to effectively achieving and sustaining weight loss in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Della Guardia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrew C Shin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Ishida Y, Matsushita M, Yoneshiro T, Saito M, Fuse S, Hamaoka T, Kuroiwa M, Tanaka R, Kurosawa Y, Nishimura T, Motoi M, Maeda T, Nakayama K. Genetic evidence for involvement of β2-adrenergic receptor in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in humans. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:1110-1117. [PMID: 38632325 PMCID: PMC11281906 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sympathetic activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis can ameliorate obesity and related metabolic abnormalities. However, crucial subtypes of the β-adrenergic receptor (AR), as well as effects of its genetic variants on functions of BAT, remains unclear in humans. We conducted association analyses of genes encoding β-ARs and BAT activity in human adults. METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in β1-, β2-, and β3-AR genes (ADRB1, ADRB2, and ADRB3) were tested for the association with BAT activity under mild cold exposure (19 °C, 2 h) in 399 healthy Japanese adults. BAT activity was measured using fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography and computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT). To validate the results, we assessed the effects of SNPs in the two independent populations comprising 277 healthy East Asian adults using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIRTRS) or infrared thermography (IRT). Effects of SNPs on physiological responses to intensive cold exposure were tested in 42 healthy Japanese adult males using an artificial climate chamber. RESULTS We found a significant association between a functional SNP (rs1042718) in ADRB2 and BAT activity assessed with FDG-PET/CT (p < 0.001). This SNP also showed an association with cold-induced thermogenesis in the population subset. Furthermore, the association was replicated in the two other independent populations; BAT activity was evaluated by NIRTRS or IRT (p < 0.05). This SNP did not show associations with oxygen consumption and cold-induced thermogenesis under intensive cold exposure, suggesting the irrelevance of shivering thermogenesis. The SNPs of ADRB1 and ADRB3 were not associated with these BAT-related traits. CONCLUSIONS The present study supports the importance of β2-AR in the sympathetic regulation of BAT thermogenesis in humans. The present collection of DNA samples is the largest to which information on the donor's BAT activity has been assigned and can serve as a reference for further in-depth understanding of human BAT function.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Thermogenesis/physiology
- Thermogenesis/genetics
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Male
- Adult
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Female
- Middle Aged
- Japan
- Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/metabolism
- Asian People/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Ishida
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Mami Matsushita
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing and Nutrition, Tenshi College, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0013, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
- Department of Molecular Metabolism and Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saito
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing and Nutrition, Tenshi College, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0013, Japan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Sayuri Fuse
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hamaoka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kuroiwa
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Riki Tanaka
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yuko Kurosawa
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nishimura
- Department of Human Life Design and Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 815-8540, Japan
- Physiological Anthropology Research Center, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 815-8540, Japan
| | - Midori Motoi
- Department of Human Life Design and Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 815-8540, Japan
| | - Takafumi Maeda
- Department of Human Life Design and Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 815-8540, Japan
- Physiological Anthropology Research Center, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 815-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakayama
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan.
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Chen R, Cheng T, Xie S, Sun X, Chen M, Zhao S, Ruan Q, Ni X, Rao M, Quan X, Chen K, Zhang S, Cheng T, Xu Y, Chen Y, Yang Y, Cao Y. Effective Prevention and Treatment of Acute Leukemias in Mice by Activation of Thermogenic Adipose Tissues. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402332. [PMID: 39049685 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are common hematological malignancies in adults. Despite considerable research advances, the development of standard therapies, supportive care, and prognosis for the majority of AML and ALL patients remains poor and the development of new effective therapy is urgently needed. Here, it is reported that activation of thermogenic adipose tissues (TATs) by cold exposure or β3-adrenergic receptor agonists markedly alleviated the development and progression of AML and ALL in mouse leukemia models. TAT activation (TATA) monotherapy substantially reduces leukemic cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood, and suppresses leukemic cell invasion, including hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Notably, TATA therapy prolongs the survivals of AML- and ALL-bearing mice. Surgical removal of thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) or genetic deletion of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) largely abolishes the TATA-mediated anti-leukemia effects. Metabolomic pathway analysis demonstrates that glycolytic metabolism, which is essential for anabolic leukemic cell growth, is severely impaired in TATA-treated leukemic cells. Moreover, a combination of TATA therapy with chemotherapy produces enhanced anti-leukemic effects and reduces chemotoxicity. These data provide a new TATA-based therapeutic paradigm for the effective treatment of AML, ALL, and likely other types of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibo Chen
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tianran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Sisi Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Basic Scientific Research Center, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, 364000, China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Mingjia Chen
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shumin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Basic Scientific Research Center, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, 364000, China
| | - Qingyan Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, Basic Scientific Research Center, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, 364000, China
| | - Xiaolei Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Basic Scientific Research Center, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, 364000, China
| | - Mei Rao
- Department of Cardiology, Basic Scientific Research Center, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, 364000, China
| | - Xinyi Quan
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kaiwen Chen
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shiyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yuanfu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Medical and Pharmaceutical Basic Research Innovation Center of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, China's Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Shandong International Cooperative Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, 17165, Sweden
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6
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Nardini P, Zizi V, Molino M, Fazi C, Calvani M, Carrozzo F, Giuseppetti G, Calosi L, Guasti D, Biagini D, Di Francesco F, Filippi L, Pini A. Protective Effects of Beta-3 Adrenoceptor Agonism on Mucosal Integrity in Hyperoxia-Induced Ileal Alterations. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:863. [PMID: 39061931 PMCID: PMC11273805 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Organogenesis occurs in the uterus under low oxygen levels (4%). Preterm birth exposes immature newborns to a hyperoxic environment, which can induce a massive production of reactive oxygen species and potentially affect organ development, leading to diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis. The β3-adrenoreceptor (β3-AR) has an oxygen-dependent regulatory mechanism, and its activation exerts an antioxidant effect. To test the hypothesis that β3-AR could protect postnatal ileal development from the negative impact of high oxygen levels, Sprague-Dawley rat pups were raised under normoxia (21%) or hyperoxia (85%) for the first 2 weeks after birth and treated or not with BRL37344, a selective β3-AR agonist, at 1, 3, or 6 mg/kg. Hyperoxia alters ileal mucosal morphology, leading to increased cell lipid oxidation byproducts, reduced presence of β3-AR-positive resident cells, decreased junctional protein expression, disrupted brush border, mucin over-production, and impaired vascularization. Treatment with 3 mg/kg of BRL37344 prevented these alterations, although not completely, while the lower 1 mg/kg dose was ineffective, and the higher 6 mg/kg dose was toxic. Our findings indicate the potential of β3-AR agonism as a new therapeutic approach to counteract the hyperoxia-induced ileal alterations and, more generally, the disorders of prematurity related to supra-physiologic oxygen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Nardini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (P.N.); (V.Z.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (L.C.); (D.G.)
- Imaging Platform, Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine & Joint Laboratory with Department Biology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Virginia Zizi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (P.N.); (V.Z.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (L.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Marta Molino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (P.N.); (V.Z.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (L.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Camilla Fazi
- Department of Pediatric, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Maura Calvani
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Meyer, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Francesco Carrozzo
- Department of Health Science, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Giuseppetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (P.N.); (V.Z.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (L.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Laura Calosi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (P.N.); (V.Z.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (L.C.); (D.G.)
- Imaging Platform, Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine & Joint Laboratory with Department Biology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Guasti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (P.N.); (V.Z.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (L.C.); (D.G.)
- Imaging Platform, Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine & Joint Laboratory with Department Biology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.B.); (F.D.F.)
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.B.); (F.D.F.)
| | - Luca Filippi
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (P.N.); (V.Z.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (L.C.); (D.G.)
- Imaging Platform, Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine & Joint Laboratory with Department Biology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
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7
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Velez-delValle C, Hernandez-Mosqueira CP, Castro-Rodriguez LI, Vazquez-Sandoval A, Marsch-Moreno M, Kuri-Harcuch W. Gene expression and characterization of clonally derived murine embryonic brown and brite adipocytes. FEBS Open Bio 2024. [PMID: 38972757 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
White adipocytes store energy, while brown and brite adipocytes release heat via nonshivering thermogenesis. In this study, we characterized two murine embryonic clonal preadipocyte lines, EB5 and EB7, each displaying unique gene marker expression profiles. EB5 cells differentiate into brown adipocytes, whereas EB7 cells into brite (also known as beige) adipocytes. To draw a comprehensive comparison, we contrasted the gene expression patterns, adipogenic capacity, as well as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of these cells to that of F442A, a well-known white preadipocyte and adipocyte model. We found that commitment to differentiation in both EB5 and EB7 cells can be induced by 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine/dexamethasone (Mix/Dex) and staurosporine/dexamethasone (St/Dex) treatments. Additionally, the administration of rosiglitazone significantly enhances the brown and brite adipocyte phenotypes. Our data also reveal the involvement of a series of genes in the transcriptional cascade guiding adipogenesis, pinpointing GSK3β as a critical regulator for both EB5 and EB7 adipogenesis. In a developmental context, we observe that, akin to brown fat progenitors, brite fat progenitors make their appearance in murine development by 11-12 days of gestation or potentially earlier. This result contributes to our understanding of adipocyte lineage specification during embryonic development. In conclusion, EB5 and EB7 cell lines are valuable for research into adipocyte biology, providing insights into the differentiation and development of brown and beige adipocytes. Furthermore, they could be useful for the characterization of drugs targeting energy balance for the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Velez-delValle
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Alfredo Vazquez-Sandoval
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Meytha Marsch-Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Walid Kuri-Harcuch
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
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8
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Cheng Y, Liang S, Zhang S, Hui X. Thermogenic Fat as a New Obesity Management Tool: From Pharmaceutical Reagents to Cell Therapies. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1474. [PMID: 39062047 PMCID: PMC11275133 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex medical condition caused by a positive imbalance between calorie intake and calorie consumption. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), along with the newly discovered "brown-like" adipocytes (called beige cells), functions as a promising therapeutic tool to ameliorate obesity and metabolic disorders by burning out extra nutrients in the form of heat. Many studies in animal models and humans have proved the feasibility of this concept. In this review, we aim to summarize the endeavors over the last decade to achieve a higher number/activity of these heat-generating adipocytes. In particular, pharmacological compounds, especially agonists to the β3 adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), are reviewed in terms of their feasibility and efficacy in elevating BAT function and improving metabolic parameters in human subjects. Alternatively, allograft transplantation of BAT and the transplantation of functional brown or beige adipocytes from mesenchymal stromal cells or human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) make it possible to increase the number of these beneficial adipocytes in patients. However, practical and ethical issues still need to be considered before the therapy can eventually be applied in the clinical setting. This review provides insights and guidance on brown- and beige-cell-based strategies for the management of obesity and its associated metabolic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen 361015, China;
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (S.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shiqing Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (S.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuhan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (S.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyan Hui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (S.L.); (S.Z.)
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Joana Alves M, Browe BM, Carolina Rodrigues Dias A, Torres JM, Zaza G, Bangudi S, Blackburn J, Wang W, de Araujo Fernandes-Junior S, Fadda P, Toland A, Baer LA, Stanford KI, Czeisler C, Garcia AJ, Javier Otero J. Metabolic trade-offs in Neonatal sepsis triggered by TLR4 and TLR1/2 ligands result in unique dysfunctions in neural breathing circuits. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:333-350. [PMID: 38561095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonatal sepsis remains one of the leading causes of mortality in newborns. Several brainstem-regulated physiological processes undergo disruption during neonatal sepsis. Mechanistic knowledge gaps exist at the interplay between metabolism and immune activation to brainstem neural circuits and pertinent physiological functions in neonates. To delineate this association, we induced systemic inflammation either by TLR4 (LPS) or TLR1/2 (PAM3CSK4) ligand administration in postnatal day 5 mice (PD5). Our findings show that LPS and PAM3CSK4 evoke substantial changes in respiration and metabolism. Physiological trade-offs led to hypometabolic-hypothermic responses due to LPS, but not PAM3CSK4, whereas to both TLR ligands blunted respiratory chemoreflexes. Neuroinflammatory pathways modulation in brainstem showed more robust effects in LPS than PAM3CSK4. Brainstem neurons, microglia, and astrocyte gene expression analyses showed unique responses to TLR ligands. PAM3CSK4 did not significantly modulate gene expression changes in GLAST-1 positive brainstem astrocytes. PD5 pups receiving PAM3CSK4 failed to maintain a prolonged metabolic state repression, which correlated to enhanced gasping latency and impaired autoresuscitation during anoxic chemoreflex challenges. In contrast, LPS administered pups showed no significant changes in anoxic chemoreflex. Electrophysiological studies from brainstem slices prepared from pups exposed to either TLR4 or PAM3CSK4 showed compromised transmission between preBötzinger complex and Hypoglossal as an exclusive response to the TLR1/2 ligand. Spatial gene expression analysis demonstrated a region-specific modulation of PAM3CSK4 within the raphe nucleus relative to other anatomical sites evaluated. Our findings suggest that metabolic changes due to inflammation might be a crucial tolerance mechanism for neonatal sepsis preserving neural control of breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Joana Alves
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Brigitte M Browe
- Institute for Integrative Physiology, Grossman Institute for Neuroscience Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, The Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ana Carolina Rodrigues Dias
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Juliet M Torres
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Giuliana Zaza
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Suzy Bangudi
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jessica Blackburn
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Wesley Wang
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Paolo Fadda
- Genomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Amanda Toland
- Genomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lisa A Baer
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Catherine Czeisler
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Alfredo J Garcia
- Institute for Integrative Physiology, Grossman Institute for Neuroscience Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, The Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - José Javier Otero
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States.
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10
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Thotamune W, Ubeysinghe S, Shrestha KK, Mostafa ME, Young MC, Karunarathne A. Optical control of cell-surface and endomembrane-exclusive β-adrenergic receptor signaling. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107481. [PMID: 38901558 PMCID: PMC11304070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Beta-adrenergic receptors (βARs) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that mediate catecholamine hormone-induced stress responses, such as elevation of heart rate. Besides those that are plasma membrane-bound, endomembrane βARs are also signaling competent. Dysregulation of βAR pathways underlies severe pathological conditions. Emerging evidence indicates pathological molecular signatures in deeper endomembrane βARs signaling, likely contributing to conditions such as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis. However, the lack of approaches to control endomembrane β1ARs has impeded linking signaling with pathology. Informed by the β1AR-catecholamine interactions, we engineered an efficient photolabile proligand (OptoIso) to trigger βAR signaling exclusively in endomembrane regions using blue light stimulation. Not only does OptoIso undergo blue light deprotection in seconds, but also efficiently enters cells and allows examination of G protein heterotrimer activation exclusively at endomembranes. OptoIso also allows optical activation of plasma membrane βAR signaling in selected single cells with native fidelity, which can be reversed by terminating blue light. Thus, OptoIso will be a valuable experimental tool to elicit spatial and temporal control of βAR signaling in user-defined endomembrane or plasma membrane regions in unmodified cells with native fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waruna Thotamune
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Kendra K Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Michael C Young
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
| | - Ajith Karunarathne
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
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11
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Talamonti E, Davegardh J, Kalinovich A, van Beek SMM, Dehvari N, Halleskog C, Bokhari HM, Hutchinson DS, Ham S, Humphrys LJ, Dijon NC, Motso A, Sandstrom A, Zacharewicz E, Mutule I, Suna E, Spura J, Ditrychova K, Stoddart LA, Holliday ND, Wright SC, Lauschke VM, Nielsen S, Scheele C, Cheesman E, Hoeks J, Molenaar P, Summers RJ, Pelcman B, Yakala GK, Bengtsson T. The novel adrenergic agonist ATR-127 targets skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue to tackle diabesity and steatohepatitis. Mol Metab 2024; 85:101931. [PMID: 38796310 PMCID: PMC11258667 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Simultaneous activation of β2- and β3-adrenoceptors (ARs) improves whole-body metabolism via beneficial effects in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Nevertheless, high-efficacy agonists simultaneously targeting these receptors whilst limiting activation of β1-ARs - and thus inducing cardiovascular complications - are currently non-existent. Therefore, we here developed and evaluated the therapeutic potential of a novel β2-and β3-AR, named ATR-127, for the treatment of obesity and its associated metabolic perturbations in preclinical models. METHODS In the developmental phase, we assessed the impact of ATR-127's on cAMP accumulation in relation to the non-selective β-AR agonist isoprenaline across various rodent β-AR subtypes, including neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Following these experiments, L6 muscle cells were stimulated with ATR-127 to assess the impact on GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake and intramyocellular cAMP accumulation. Additionally, in vitro, and in vivo assessments are conducted to measure ATR-127's effects on BAT glucose uptake and thermogenesis. Finally, diet-induced obese mice were treated with 5 mg/kg ATR-127 for 21 days to investigate the effects on glucose homeostasis, body weight, fat mass, skeletal muscle glucose uptake, BAT thermogenesis and hepatic steatosis. RESULTS Exposure of L6 muscle cells to ATR-127 robustly enhanced GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake despite low intramyocellular cAMP accumulation. Similarly, ATR-127 markedly increased BAT glucose uptake and thermogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Prolonged treatment of diet-induced obese mice with ATR-127 dramatically improved glucose homeostasis, an effect accompanied by decreases in body weight and fat mass. These effects were paralleled by an enhanced skeletal muscle glucose uptake, BAT thermogenesis, and improvements in hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that ATR-127 is a highly effective, novel β2- and β3-ARs agonist holding great therapeutic promise for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities, whilst potentially limiting cardiovascular complications. As such, the therapeutic effects of ATR-127 should be investigated in more detail in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jelena Davegardh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Nodi Dehvari
- Atrogi AB, Tomtebodavagen 6, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Dana S Hutchinson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Seungmin Ham
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura J Humphrys
- School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nicola C Dijon
- School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Aikaterini Motso
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Evelyn Zacharewicz
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ilga Mutule
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Edgars Suna
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jana Spura
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Karolina Ditrychova
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, Righospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leigh A Stoddart
- Excellerate Bioscience, The Triangle, NG2 Business Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nicholas D Holliday
- School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Excellerate Bioscience, The Triangle, NG2 Business Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Shane C Wright
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden; Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Soren Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, Righospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Scheele
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, Righospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elizabeth Cheesman
- Cardio-Vascular Molecular & Therapeutics Translational Research Group, Northside Clinical School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Molenaar
- Cardio-Vascular Molecular & Therapeutics Translational Research Group, Northside Clinical School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roger J Summers
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Tore Bengtsson
- Atrogi AB, Tomtebodavagen 6, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Walker ME, Kodani SD, Mena HA, Tseng YH, Cypess AM, Spite M. Brown Adipose Tissue Activation in Humans Increases Plasma Levels of Lipid Mediators. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1837-1849. [PMID: 38198796 PMCID: PMC11180506 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis improves insulin sensitivity and is beneficial in obesity. Emerging evidence indicates that BAT activation increases lipid mediators that play autocrine and endocrine roles to regulate metabolism and inflammation. OBJECTIVE The goal of the study was to determine the relationship between 2 distinct approaches of BAT activation (cold exposure and mirabegron treatment) with lipid mediators in humans. METHODS Healthy female subjects (n = 14) were treated with the β3-adrenergic receptor agonist mirabegron (100 mg) daily for 28 days. A subset of female subjects (n = 8) was additionally exposed to cold temperatures (14-16 °C) for 2 hours using a cooling vest prior to initiating mirabegron treatment. A panel of lipid mediators was assessed in plasma using targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and their relationship to anthropometric and metabolic parameters was determined. RESULTS Activation of BAT with cold exposure acutely increased levels of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products, including 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), 5-HETE, 14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (HDHA), an isomer of maresin 2 (MaR2), 17-HDHA, protectin D1 (PD1), and prostaglandin E2. Mirabegron treatment similarly increased these products acutely, although levels of some mediators were blunted after chronic mirabegron treatment. Selected lipid mediators, including an MaR2 isomer, 17-HDHA, 5-HETE, and 15-HETE, positively correlated with nonesterified fatty acids and negatively correlated with the respiratory quotient, while PD1, 15-HETE, and 5-HETE positively correlated with adiponectin. CONCLUSION These results indicate that selected lipid mediators may serve as biomarkers of BAT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Walker
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sean D Kodani
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hebe Agustina Mena
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Aaron M Cypess
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew Spite
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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13
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Xing Y, Tian T, Zhang X, Yang D, Zhang C, Wang M, Wang Y, Luo T, Wang Z, Wang H, Li H. ENDOGENOUS β 3 -ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR ACTIVATION ALLEVIATES SEPSIS-INDUCED CARDIOMYOCYTE APOPTOSIS VIA PI3K/AKT SIGNALING PATHWAY. Shock 2024; 61:915-923. [PMID: 38662592 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT β 3 -adrenergic receptor (β 3 -AR) has been proposed as a new therapy for several myocardial diseases. However, the effect of β 3 -AR activation on sepsis-induced myocardial apoptosis is unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of β 3 -AR activation on the cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-operated rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated cardiomyocytes. We found that β 3 -AR existed both in adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVMs) and H9c2 cells. The expression of β 3 -AR was upregulated in LPS-treated ARVMs and the heart of CLP rats. Pretreatment with β 3 -AR agonist, BRL37344, inhibited LPS-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and caspase-3, -8, and -9 activation in ARVMs. BRL37344 also reduced apoptosis and increased the protein levels of PI3K, p-Akt Ser473 and p-eNOS Ser1177 in LPS-treated H9c2 cells. Inhibition of PI3K using LY294002 abolished the inhibitory effect of BRL37344 on LPS-induced caspase-3, -8, and -9 activation in H9c2 cells. Furthermore, administration of β 3 -AR antagonist, SR59230A (5 mg/kg), significantly decreased the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise (+dP/dt) in CLP-induced septic rats. SR59230A not only increased myocardial apoptosis, reduced p-Akt Ser473 and Bcl-2 contents, but also increased mitochondrial Bax, cytoplasm cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3 levels of the myocardium in septic rats. These results suggest that endogenous β 3 -AR activation alleviates sepsis-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and maintains intrinsic myocardial systolic function in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xing
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duomeng Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Wang M, Guo W, Chen JF. Caffeine: a potential mechanism for anti-obesity. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10022-1. [PMID: 38802651 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity refers to the excessive accumulation of fat caused by a long-term imbalance between energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE). Over recent years, obesity has become a major public health challenge. Caffeine is a natural product that has been demonstrated to exert anti-obesity effects; however, the mechanisms responsible for the effect of caffeine on weight loss have yet to be fully elucidated. Most obesity-related deaths are due to cardiovascular disease. Recent research has demonstrated that caffeine can reduce the risk of death from cardiovascular disease; thus, it can be hypothesized that caffeine may represent a new therapeutic agent for weight loss. In this review, we synthesize data arising from clinical and animal studies over the last decade and discuss the potential mechanisms by which caffeine may induce weight loss, focusing particularly on increasing energy consumption, suppressing appetite, altering lipid metabolism, and influencing the gut microbiota. Finally, we summarize the major challenges associated with caffeine and anti-obesity research and highlight possible directions for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- International Joint Research Center on Purinergic Signaling, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Wei Guo
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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15
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Dumont L, Caron A, Richard G, Croteau E, Fortin M, Frisch F, Phoenix S, Dubreuil S, Guérin B, Turcotte ÉE, Carpentier AC, Blondin DP. The effects of the β 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist bisoprolol administration on mirabegron-stimulated human brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14127. [PMID: 38502056 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
AIM Pharmacological stimulation of human brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been hindered by ineffective activation or undesirable off-target effects. Oral administration of the maximal allowable dose of mirabegron (200 mg), a β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonist, has been effective in stimulating BAT thermogenesis and whole-body energy expenditure. However, this has been accompanied by undesirable cardiovascular effects. Therefore, we hypothesized that combining mirabegron with a β1-AR antagonist could suppress these unwanted effects and increase the stimulation of the β3-AR and β2-AR in BAT. METHODS We performed a randomized crossover trial (NCT04823442) in 8 lean men. Mirabegron (200 mg) was administered orally with or without the β1-AR antagonist bisoprolol (10 mg). Dynamic [11C]-acetate and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose PET/CT scans were performed sequentially after oral administration of mirabegron ± bisoprolol. RESULTS Compared to room temperature, mirabegron alone increased BAT oxidative metabolism (0.84 ± 0.46 vs. 1.79 ± 0.91 min-1, p = 0.0433), but not when combined with bisoprolol. The metabolic rate of glucose in BAT, measured using [18F]FDG PET, was significantly higher with mirabegron than mirabegron with bisoprolol (24 ± 10 vs. 16 ± 8 nmol/g/min, p = 0.0284). Bisoprolol inhibited the mirabegron-induced increase in systolic blood pressure and heart rate. CONCLUSION The administration of bisoprolol decreases the adverse cardiovascular effects of mirabegron. However, the provided dose also blunted the mirabegron-stimulated increase in BAT lipolysis, thermogenesis, and glucose uptake. The attenuation in BAT blood flow induced by the large dose of bisoprolol may have limited BAT thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauralyne Dumont
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabriel Richard
- Centre d'Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Etienne Croteau
- Centre d'Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Fortin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédérique Frisch
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Serge Phoenix
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Dubreuil
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Centre d'Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric E Turcotte
- Centre d'Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - André C Carpentier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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16
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Mota INR, Satari S, Marques IS, Santos JMO, Medeiros R. Adipose tissue rearrangement in cancer cachexia: The involvement of β3-adrenergic receptor associated pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189103. [PMID: 38679401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a complex multiple organ syndrome that significantly contributes to reduced quality of life and increased mortality among many cancer patients. Its multifactorial nature makes its early diagnosis and effective therapeutic interventions challenging. Adipose tissue is particularly impacted by cachexia, typically through increased lipolysis, browning and thermogenesis, mainly at the onset of the disease. These processes lead to depletion of fat mass and contribute to the dysfunction of other organs. The β-adrenergic signalling pathways are classical players in the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism. They are activated upon sympathetic stimulation inducing lipolysis, browning and thermogenesis, therefore contributing to energy expenditure. Despite accumulating evidence suggesting that β3-adrenergic receptor stimulation may be crucial to the adipose tissue remodelling during cachexia, the literature remains controversial. Moreover, there is limited knowledge regarding sexual dimorphism of adipose tissue in the context of cachexia. This review paper aims to present the current knowledge regarding adipose tissue wasting during CAC, with a specific focus on the role of the β3-adrenergic receptor, placing it as a potential therapeutic target against cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês N R Mota
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Setareh Satari
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Inês Soares Marques
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana M O Santos
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Research Department of the Portuguese League Against Cancer - Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro - Núcleo Regional do Norte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Research Department of the Portuguese League Against Cancer - Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro - Núcleo Regional do Norte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal; Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences of the Fernando Pessoa University, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal.
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17
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Zhuo S, Bai M, Wang Z, Chen L, Li Z, Zhu X, Chen J, Ye X, Guo C, Chen Y. Glycogen synthesis is required for adaptive thermogenesis in beige adipose tissue and affects diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E696-E708. [PMID: 38568151 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00074.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Glycogen is a form of energy storage for glucose in different tissues such as liver and skeletal muscle. It remains incompletely understood how glycogen impacts on adipose tissue functionality. Cold exposure elevated the expression of Gys1 that encodes glycogen synthase 1 in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). The in vivo function of Gys1 was analyzed using a mouse model in which Gys1 was deleted specifically in adipose tissues. Under normal chow conditions, Gys1 deletion caused little changes to body weight and glucose metabolism. Deletion of Gys1 abrogated upregulation of UCP1 and other thermogenesis-related genes in iWAT upon prolonged cold exposure or treatment with β3-adrenergic receptor agonist CL-316,243. Stimulation of UCP1 by CL-316,243 in adipose-derived stromal cells (stromal vascular fractions, SVFs) was also reduced by Gys1 deletion. Both the basal glycogen content and CL-316,243-stimulated glycogen accumulation in adipose tissues were reduced by Gys1 deletion. High-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance were aggravated in Gys1-deleted mice. The loss of body weight upon CL-316,243 treatment was also abrogated by the loss of Gys1. In conclusion, our results underscore the pivotal role of glycogen synthesis in adaptive thermogenesis in beige adipose tissue and its impact on diet-induced obesity in mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Glycogen is one of major types of fuel reserve in the body and its classical function is to maintain blood glucose level. This study uncovers that glycogen synthesis is required for beige fat tissue to generate heat upon cold exposure. Such a function of glycogen is linked to development of high-fat diet-induced obesity, thus extending our understanding about the physiological functions of glycogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Zhuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zinan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
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18
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Gómez-Hernández A, de las Heras N, Gálvez BG, Fernández-Marcelo T, Fernández-Millán E, Escribano Ó. New Mediators in the Crosstalk between Different Adipose Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4659. [PMID: 38731880 PMCID: PMC11083914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a multifunctional organ that regulates many physiological processes such as energy homeostasis, nutrition, the regulation of insulin sensitivity, body temperature, and immune response. In this review, we highlight the relevance of the different mediators that control adipose tissue activity through a systematic review of the main players present in white and brown adipose tissues. Among them, inflammatory mediators secreted by the adipose tissue, such as classical adipokines and more recent ones, elements of the immune system infiltrated into the adipose tissue (certain cell types and interleukins), as well as the role of intestinal microbiota and derived metabolites, have been reviewed. Furthermore, anti-obesity mediators that promote the activation of beige adipose tissue, e.g., myokines, thyroid hormones, amino acids, and both long and micro RNAs, are exhaustively examined. Finally, we also analyze therapeutic strategies based on those mediators that have been described to date. In conclusion, novel regulators of obesity, such as microRNAs or microbiota, are being characterized and are promising tools to treat obesity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Gómez-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Natalia de las Heras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Beatriz G. Gálvez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Tamara Fernández-Marcelo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Elisa Fernández-Millán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Escribano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Yang S, Ma H, Wang L, Wang F, Xia J, Liu D, Mu L, Yang X, Liu D. The Role of β3-Adrenergic Receptors in Cold-Induced Beige Adipocyte Production in Pigs. Cells 2024; 13:709. [PMID: 38667324 PMCID: PMC11049327 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
After exposure to cold stress, animals enhance the production of beige adipocytes and expedite thermogenesis, leading to improved metabolic health. Although brown adipose tissue in rodents is primarily induced by β3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) stimulation, the activation of major β-adrenergic receptors (ADRBs) in pigs has been a topic of debate. To address this, we developed overexpression vectors for ADRB1, ADRB2, and ADRB3 and silenced the expression of these receptors to observe their effects on the adipogenic differentiation stages of porcine preadipocytes. Our investigation revealed that cold stress triggers the transformation of subcutaneous white adipose tissue to beige adipose tissue in pigs by modulating adrenergic receptor levels. Meanwhile, we found that ADRB3 promotes the transformation of white adipocytes into beige adipocytes. Notably, ADRB3 enhances the expression of beige adipose tissue marker genes, consequently influencing cellular respiration and metabolism by regulating lipolysis and mitochondrial expression. Therefore, ADRB3 may serve as a pivotal gene in animal husbandry and contribute to the improvement of cold intolerance in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jiqiao Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Dongyu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Linlin Mu
- Institute of Forage and Grassland Sciences, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xiuqin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
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20
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Wang L, Lei Z, Zhang G, Cheng Y, Zhong M, Zhang G, Hu S. Olodaterol promotes thermogenesis in brown adipocytes via regulation of the β2-AR/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 703:149689. [PMID: 38382361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The escalating incidence of metabolic pathologies such as obesity and diabetes mellitus underscores the imperative for innovative therapeutics targeting lipid metabolism modulation. Within this context, augmenting thermogenic processes in adipose cells emerges as a viable therapeutic approach. Given the limitations of previous β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonist treatments in human diseases, there is an increasing focus on therapies targeting the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR). Olodaterol (OLO) is a potent β2-AR agonist that is a potential novel pharmacological candidate in this area. Our study explores the role and underlying mechanisms of OLO in enhancing brown adipose thermogenesis, providing robust evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies. OLO demonstrated a dose-dependent enhancement of lipolysis, notably increasing the expression of Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1) and raising the rate of oxygen consumption in primary brown adipocytes. This suggests a significant increase in thermogenic potential and energy expenditure. The administration of OLO to murine models noticeably enhanced cold-induced nonshivering thermogenesis. OLO elevated UCP1 expression in the brown adipose tissue of mice. Furthermore, it promoted brown adipocyte thermogenesis by activating the β2-AR/cAMP/PKA signaling cascades according to RNA sequencing, western blotting, and molecular docking analysis. This investigation underscores the therapeutic potential of OLO for metabolic ailments and sheds light on the intricate molecular dynamics of adipocyte thermogenesis, laying the groundwork for future targeted therapeutic interventions in human metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Zhaobin Lei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Guanjie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Mingwei Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Guangyong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Sanyuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China.
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21
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Cremonini E, Da Silva LME, Lanzi CR, Marino M, Iglesias DE, Oteiza PI. Anthocyanins and their metabolites promote white adipose tissue beiging by regulating mitochondria thermogenesis and dynamics. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116069. [PMID: 38387526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) consumption and excess nutrient availability can cause alterations in mitochondrial function and dynamics. We previously showed that anthocyanins (AC) decreased HFD-induced body weight gain and fat deposition. This study investigated: i) the capacity of AC to mitigate HFD-induced alterations in mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, and thermogenesis in mouse subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT), and ii) the underlying mechanisms of action of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (D3G), and their gut metabolites on mitochondria function/dynamics in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with palmitate. Mice were fed control or HFD diets, added or not with 40 mg AC/kg body weight (BW). Compared to control and AC-supplemented mice, HFD-fed mice had fewer sWAT mitochondria that presented alterations of their architecture. AC supplementation prevented HFD-induced decrease of proteins involved in mitochondria biogenesis (PPARγ, PRDM16 and PGC-1α), and thermogenesis (UCP-1), and decreased AMPK phosphorylation. AC supplementation also restored the alterations in sWAT mitochondrial dynamics (Drp-1, OPA1, MNF-2, and Fis-1) and mitophagy (BNIP3L/NIX) caused by HFD consumption. In mature 3T3-L1, C3G, D3G, and their metabolites protocatechuic acid (PCA), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HB), and gallic acid (GA) differentially affected palmitate-mediated decreased cAMP, PKA, AMPK, and SIRT-1 signaling pathways. C3G, D3G, and metabolites also prevented palmitate-mediated decreased expression of PPARγ, PRDM16, PGC-1α, and UCP1. Results suggest that consumption of select AC, i.e. cyanidin and delphinidin, could promote sWAT mitochondriogenesis and improve mitochondria dynamics in the context of HFD/obesity-induced dysmetabolism in part by regulating PKA, AMPK, and SIRT-1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cremonini
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Leane M E Da Silva
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Mirko Marino
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Dario E Iglesias
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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22
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Negroiu CE, Tudorașcu I, Bezna CM, Godeanu S, Diaconu M, Danoiu R, Danoiu S. Beyond the Cold: Activating Brown Adipose Tissue as an Approach to Combat Obesity. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1973. [PMID: 38610736 PMCID: PMC11012454 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13071973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
With a dramatic increase in the number of obese and overweight people, there is a great need for new anti-obesity therapies. With the discovery of the functionality of brown adipose tissue in adults and the observation of beige fat cells among white fat cells, scientists are looking for substances and methods to increase the activity of these cells. We aimed to describe how scientists have concluded that brown adipose tissue is also present and active in adults, to describe where in the human body these deposits of brown adipose tissue are, to summarize the origin of both brown fat cells and beige fat cells, and, last but not least, to list some of the substances and methods classified as BAT promotion agents with their benefits and side effects. We summarized these findings based on the original literature and reviews in the field, emphasizing the discovery, function, and origins of brown adipose tissue, BAT promotion agents, and batokines. Only studies written in English and with a satisfying rating were identified from electronic searches of PubMed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Elena Negroiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.M.B.); (S.D.)
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Iulia Tudorașcu
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.M.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Cristina Maria Bezna
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.M.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Sanziana Godeanu
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Marina Diaconu
- Department of Radiology, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Raluca Danoiu
- Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Suzana Danoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.M.B.); (S.D.)
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23
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Kim M, Paik JH, Lee H, Kim MJ, Eum SM, Kim SY, Choi S, Park HY, Jeong HG, Jeong TS. Ancistrocladus tectorius Extract Inhibits Obesity by Promoting Thermogenesis and Mitochondrial Dynamics in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3743. [PMID: 38612554 PMCID: PMC11011498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Root extracts of Ancistrocladus tectorius (AT), a shrub native to China, have been shown to have antiviral and antitumor activities, but the anti-obesity effects of AT aerial parts, mainly the leaves and stems, have not been investigated. This study is the first to investigate the anti-obesity effects and molecular mechanism of AT 70% ethanol extract in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice. Treatment with AT extract inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and decreased the expression of adipogenesis-related genes. AT extract also upregulated the mRNA expression of genes related to mitochondrial dynamics in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. AT administration for 12 weeks reduced body weight and organ weights, including liver, pancreas, and white and brown adipose tissue, and improved plasma profiles such as glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol in HFD-fed mice. AT extract reduced HFD-induced hepatic steatosis with levels of liver TG and lipogenesis-related genes. AT extract upregulated thermogenesis-related genes such as Cidea, Pgc1α, Ucp1, Prdm16, Adrb1, and Adrb3 and mitochondrial dynamics-related genes such as Mff, Opa1, and Mfn2 in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Therefore, AT extract effectively reduced obesity by promoting thermogenesis and the mitochondrial dynamics of BAT in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minju Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (H.L.); (M.J.K.); (H.-Y.P.)
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyub Paik
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (J.H.P.); (S.M.E.); (S.Y.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Hwa Lee
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (H.L.); (M.J.K.); (H.-Y.P.)
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (H.L.); (M.J.K.); (H.-Y.P.)
| | - Sang Mi Eum
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (J.H.P.); (S.M.E.); (S.Y.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Soo Yong Kim
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (J.H.P.); (S.M.E.); (S.Y.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Sangho Choi
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (J.H.P.); (S.M.E.); (S.Y.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Ho-Yong Park
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (H.L.); (M.J.K.); (H.-Y.P.)
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sook Jeong
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (H.L.); (M.J.K.); (H.-Y.P.)
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24
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He C, An Y, Shi L, Huang Y, Zhang H, Fu W, Wang M, Shan Z, Du Y, Xie J, Huang Z, Sun W, Zhao Y, Zhao B. Xiasangju alleviate metabolic syndrome by enhancing noradrenaline biosynthesis and activating brown adipose tissue. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1371929. [PMID: 38576483 PMCID: PMC10993144 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1371929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clinical condition associated with multiple metabolic risk factors leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases. Recent evidence suggests that modulating adipose tissue to adaptive thermogenesis may offer therapeutic potential for MetS. Xiasangju (XSJ) is a marketed drug and dietary supplement used for the treatment of metabolic disease with anti-inflammatory activity. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of XSJ and the underlying mechanisms affecting the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in MetS. The results revealed that XSJ ameliorated MetS by enhancing glucose and lipid metabolism, leading to reduced body weight and abdominal circumference, decreased adipose tissue and liver index, and improved blood glucose tolerance. XSJ administration stimulated catecholamine biosynthesis, increasing noradrenaline (NA) levels and activating NA-mediated proteins in BAT. Thus, BAT enhanced thermogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Moreover, XSJ induced changes in gut microbiota composition, with an increase in Oscillibacter abundance and a decrease in Bilophila, Candidatus Stoquefichus, Holdemania, Parasutterella and Rothia. XSJ upregulated the proteins associated with intestinal tight junctions corresponding with lower serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels to maintain NA signaling transport. In summary, XSJ may alleviate MetS by promoting thermogenesis in BAT to ultimately boost energy metabolism through increasing NA biosynthesis, strengthening intestinal barrier integrity and reducing low-grade inflammation. These findings suggest XSJ has potential as a natural therapeutic agent for the treatment of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao He
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yongcheng An
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Shi
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wanxin Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Menglu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Shan
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhang Du
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamei Xie
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyun Huang
- Guangzhou Baiyunshan Xingqun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiguang Sun
- Guangzhou Baiyunshan Xingqun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Shi L, Yang J, Tao Z, Zheng L, Bui T, Alonso R, Yue F, Cheng Z. Loss of FoxO1 activates an alternate mechanism of mitochondrial quality control for healthy adipose browning. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:371-385. [PMID: 38469619 PMCID: PMC10932742 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Browning of white adipose tissue is hallmarked by increased mitochondrial density and metabolic improvements. However, it remains largely unknown how mitochondrial turnover and quality control are regulated during adipose browning. In the present study, we found that mice lacking adipocyte FoxO1, a transcription factor that regulates autophagy, adopted an alternate mechanism of mitophagy to maintain mitochondrial turnover and quality control during adipose browning. Post-developmental deletion of adipocyte FoxO1 (adO1KO) suppressed Bnip3 but activated Fundc1/Drp1/OPA1 cascade, concurrent with up-regulation of Atg7 and CTSL. In addition, mitochondrial biogenesis was stimulated via the Pgc1α/Tfam pathway in adO1KO mice. These changes were associated with enhanced mitochondrial homeostasis and metabolic health (e.g., improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity). By contrast, silencing Fundc1 or Pgc1α reversed the changes induced by silencing FoxO1, which impaired mitochondrial quality control and function. Ablation of Atg7 suppressed mitochondrial turnover and function, causing metabolic disorder (e.g., impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity), regardless of elevated markers of adipose browning. Consistently, suppression of autophagy via CTSL by high-fat diet was associated with a reversal of adO1KO-induced benefits. Our data reveal a unique role of FoxO1 in coordinating mitophagy receptors (Bnip3 and Fundc1) for a fine-tuned mitochondrial turnover and quality control, underscoring autophagic clearance of mitochondria as a prerequisite for healthy browning of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Shi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
- Interdisciplinary Nutritional Sciences Doctoral Program, Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, U.S.A
| | - Jinying Yang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
- Interdisciplinary Nutritional Sciences Doctoral Program, Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
| | - Zhipeng Tao
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S.A
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, U.S.A
| | - Louise Zheng
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S.A
| | - Tyler F. Bui
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
| | - Ramon L. Alonso
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
| | - Zhiyong Cheng
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
- Interdisciplinary Nutritional Sciences Doctoral Program, Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, U.S.A
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S.A
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Kundimi S, Chinta G, Alluri KV, Golakoti T, Veeramachaneni S, Ramanathan G, Sengupta K. A Synergistic Botanical Composition Increases Resting Energy Expenditure and Reduces Adiposity in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:286-295. [PMID: 38015050 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2280777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An imbalance between dietary energy intake and energy expenditure may result in body fat gain or obesity. Increasing resting energy expenditure (REE) is an attractive strategy for managing body fat gain. The objective of the current study was to generate proof-of-concept data on a synergistic composition (LN19183) of Citrus aurantifolia fruit rind (CA) and Theobroma cacao seed (TC) extracts to increase REE and reduce body fat gain in a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. METHOD In in vitro cell-based experiments, CA, TC, or LN19183 were tested for fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) production from 3T3-L1 mouse adipocytes. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) and beta3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) protein expressions in LN19183-treated 3T3-L1 lysates were also tested. The 56-day in vivo study in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (age: 12-14 weeks; body weight [b.w.]: 115-197 g) contained 2 phases of 28 days each of induction and supplementation. Seven rats received a regular rodent diet (RD) over 56 days. In the induction phase, 21 rats received HFD; in the supplementation phase, the obese rats (n = 7) received either HFD alone or in concurrence with a daily oral dose of either 100 or 250 mg/kg b.w. of LN19183 for 28 days. RESULTS In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, LN19183 synergistically increased FGF-21 production and dose-dependently increased β3-AR and UCP-1 protein expression. In HFD-fed rats, both doses of LN19183 supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the body weight gain, total fat mass, and liver weight and increased (p < 0.05) REE. High-dose LN19183 also significantly (p < 0.05) increased fat oxidation and UCP-1 protein expression in white fat tissue and reduced liver triglyceride (TG) level. LN19183-supplemented groups substantially reduced serum TG and glucose levels compared to the HFD rats. CONCLUSIONS LN19183 reduces body fat mass and weight gain via increased REE and fat oxidation in HFD-fed obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenath Kundimi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gopichand Chinta
- Department of Medical Affairs, Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Krishnaraju Venkata Alluri
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Research, Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Trimurtulu Golakoti
- Department of Phytochemistry, Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Guru Ramanathan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Krishanu Sengupta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
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27
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Ma L, Xiong L, Huang G. Effects of mirabegron on brown adipose tissue and metabolism in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 80:317-333. [PMID: 38159219 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-023-03614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders due to its thermogenic and anti-obesity properties. β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonists have also gained attention as potential agents for BAT activation and metabolic regulation. Mirabegron, a selective β3-AR-agonist used clinically for overactive bladder syndrome, has been explored for its utility in metabolic disorders. However, the controversy surrounding the ability of mirabegron to activate BAT to accelerate metabolism requires further investigation. The aim of this systematic review is to characterize comprehensively the impact of mirabegron on human BAT and its metabolism. METHODS We searched PubMed Central, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant papers published from the date of database inception to March 2023 for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We extracted data on primary outcome indicators such as BAT volume, BAT activity, body temperature, and resting energy expenditure (REE), as well as secondary outcome indicators such as heart rate (HR), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), blood glucose, and blood insulin from relevant studies. For studies that did not provide suitable data for meta-analysis, we used narrative data synthesis. For studies that provided suitable data for meta-analysis, we conducted meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS We reviewed 10 papers and included 6 in our meta-analysis. Our findings revealed no significant changes in BAT volume (p = 0.72) or blood glucose (p = 0.52) with mirabegron when compared to the placebo or pre-dose population. However, patients showed significant increases in BAT activity (p < 0.01), blood NEFA (p < 0.01), body temperature (p < 0.01), REE (p < 0.01), HR (p < 0.01), DBP (p < 0.01), SBP (p = 0.25), and blood insulin (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Through our meta-analysis of 6 papers, we found that mirabegron has the potential to increase human BAT activity, REE, NEFA content, body temperature, HR, blood pressure, and blood insulin content. These effects may lead to reductions in blood glucose levels in obese/overweight and diabetic patients. Additionally, the activation of BAT by mirabegron could represent a novel approach for treating obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER AND DATE CRD42023413446, 04/11/2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ma
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lianqiu Xiong
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Radiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
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28
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Thotamune W, Ubeysinghe S, Shrestha KK, Mostafa ME, Young MC, Karunarathne A. Optical Control of Cell-Surface and Endomembrane-Exclusive β-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.14.580335. [PMID: 38405895 PMCID: PMC10888897 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.14.580335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Beta-adrenergic receptors (βARs) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that mediate catecholamine-induced stress responses, such as heart rate increase and bronchodilation. In addition to signals from the cell surface, βARs also broadcast non-canonical signaling activities from the cell interior membranes (endomembranes). Dysregulation of these receptor pathways underlies severe pathological conditions. Excessive βAR stimulation is linked to cardiac hypertrophy, leading to heart failure, while impaired stimulation causes compromised fight or flight stress responses and homeostasis. In addition to plasma membrane βAR, emerging evidence indicates potential pathological implications of deeper endomembrane βARs, such as inducing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis, underlying heart failure. However, the lack of approaches to control their signaling in subcellular compartments exclusively has impeded linking endomembrane βAR signaling with pathology. Informed by the β1AR-catecholamine interactions, we engineered an efficiently photo-labile, protected hydroxy β1AR pro-ligand (OptoIso) to trigger βAR signaling at the cell surface, as well as exclusive endomembrane regions upon blue light stimulation. Not only does OptoIso undergo blue light deprotection in seconds, but it also efficiently enters cells and allows examination of G protein heterotrimer activation exclusively at endomembranes. In addition to its application in the optical interrogation of βARs in unmodified cells, given its ability to control deep organelle βAR signaling, OptoIso will be a valuable experimental tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waruna Thotamune
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | | | - Kendra K. Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | | | - Michael C. Young
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Ajith Karunarathne
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
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29
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Alemany M. The Metabolic Syndrome, a Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2251. [PMID: 38396928 PMCID: PMC10888680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the question of metabolic syndrome (MS) being a complex, but essentially monophyletic, galaxy of associated diseases/disorders, or just a syndrome of related but rather independent pathologies. The human nature of MS (its exceptionality in Nature and its close interdependence with human action and evolution) is presented and discussed. The text also describes the close interdependence of its components, with special emphasis on the description of their interrelations (including their syndromic development and recruitment), as well as their consequences upon energy handling and partition. The main theories on MS's origin and development are presented in relation to hepatic steatosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, but encompass most of the MS components described so far. The differential effects of sex and its biological consequences are considered under the light of human social needs and evolution, which are also directly related to MS epidemiology, severity, and relations with senescence. The triggering and maintenance factors of MS are discussed, with especial emphasis on inflammation, a complex process affecting different levels of organization and which is a critical element for MS development. Inflammation is also related to the operation of connective tissue (including the adipose organ) and the widely studied and acknowledged influence of diet. The role of diet composition, including the transcendence of the anaplerotic maintenance of the Krebs cycle from dietary amino acid supply (and its timing), is developed in the context of testosterone and β-estradiol control of the insulin-glycaemia hepatic core system of carbohydrate-triacylglycerol energy handling. The high probability of MS acting as a unique complex biological control system (essentially monophyletic) is presented, together with additional perspectives/considerations on the treatment of this 'very' human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marià Alemany
- Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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30
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Park MJ, Lee J, Bagon BB, Matienzo ME, Lim S, Kim K, Lee CM, Wu J, Kim DI. N G ,N G -Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase 1 Expression Is Dispensable for Cold- or Diet-Induced Thermogenesis. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300192. [PMID: 38164809 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The strategy to activate thermogenic adipocytes has therapeutic potential to overcome obesity as they dissipate surplus energy as heat through various mechanisms. NG,NG-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAHs) are enzymes involved in the nitric oxide-protein kinase G signaling axis which increases thermogenic gene expression. However, the role of DDAHs in thermogenic adipocytes has not been elucidated. The adipocyte-specific Ddah1 knockout mice are generated by crossing Ddah1fl/fl mice with adiponectin Cre recombinase mice. Adipocyte-specific DDAH1 overexpressing mice are generated using adeno-associated virus-double-floxed inverse open reading frame (AAV-DIO) system. These mice are analyzed under basal, cold exposure, or high-fat diet (HFD) conditions. Primary inguinal white adipose tissue cells from adipocyte-specific Ddah1 knockout mice expressed comparable amounts of Ucp1 mRNA. Adipocyte-specific DDAH1 overexpressing mice do not exhibit enhanced activation of thermogenic adipocytes. In addition, when these mice are exposed to cold environment or fed an HFD, their body temperature/weight and thermogenesis-related gene and protein expressions are unchanged. These findings indicate that DDAH1 does not play a role in either cold- or diet-induced thermogenesis. Therefore, adipocyte targeting DDAH1 gene therapy for the treatment of obesity is unlikely to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Park
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Junhyeong Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Bernadette B Bagon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Merc Emil Matienzo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Sangyi Lim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Keon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Jun Wu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Dong-Il Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
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Pasha A, Tondo A, Favre C, Calvani M. Inside the Biology of the β3-Adrenoceptor. Biomolecules 2024; 14:159. [PMID: 38397396 PMCID: PMC10887351 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the first discovery in 1989, the β3-adrenoceptor (β3-AR) has gained great attention because it showed the ability to regulate many physiologic and metabolic activities, such as thermogenesis and lipolysis in brown and white adipose tissue, respectively (BAT, WAT), negative inotropic effects in cardiomyocytes, and relaxation of the blood vessels and the urinary bladder. The β3-AR has been suggested as a potential target for cancer treatment, both in adult and pediatric tumors, since under hypoxia its upregulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME) regulates stromal cell differentiation, tumor growth and metastases, signifying that its agonism/antagonism could be useful for clinical benefits. Promising results in cancer research have proposed the β3-AR being targeted for the treatment of many conditions, with some drugs, at present, undergoing phase II and III clinical trials. In this review, we report the scientific journey followed by the research from the β3-Ars' discovery, with focus on the β3-Ars' role in cancer initiation and progression that elects it an intriguing target for novel antineoplastic approaches. The overview highlights the great potential of the β3-AR, both in physiologic and pathologic conditions, with the intention to display the possible benefits of β3-AR modulation in cancer reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amada Pasha
- Department of Pediatric Hematology–Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (A.T.); (C.F.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tondo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology–Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (A.T.); (C.F.)
| | - Claudio Favre
- Department of Pediatric Hematology–Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (A.T.); (C.F.)
| | - Maura Calvani
- Department of Pediatric Hematology–Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (A.T.); (C.F.)
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Bjorkman SH, Marti A, Jena J, García-Peña LM, Weatherford ET, Kato K, Koneru J, Chen J, Sood A, Potthoff MJ, Adams CM, Abel ED, Pereira RO. ATF4 expression in thermogenic adipocytes is required for cold-induced thermogenesis in mice via FGF21-independent mechanisms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1563. [PMID: 38238383 PMCID: PMC10796914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In brown adipose tissue (BAT), short-term cold exposure induces the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and its downstream target fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Induction of ATF4 in BAT in response to mitochondrial stress is required for thermoregulation, partially by increasing FGF21 expression. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that Atf4 and Fgf21 induction in BAT are both required for BAT thermogenesis under physiological stress by generating mice selectively lacking either Atf4 (ATF4 BKO) or Fgf21 (FGF21 BKO) in UCP1-expressing adipocytes. After 3 days of cold exposure, core body temperature was significantly reduced in ad-libitum-fed ATF4 BKO mice, which correlated with Fgf21 downregulation in brown and beige adipocytes, and impaired browning of white adipose tissue. Conversely, despite having reduced browning, FGF21 BKO mice had preserved core body temperature after cold exposure. Mechanistically, ATF4, but not FGF21, regulates amino acid import and metabolism in response to cold, likely contributing to BAT thermogenic capacity under ad libitum-fed conditions. Importantly, under fasting conditions, both ATF4 and FGF21 were required for thermogenesis in cold-exposed mice. Thus, ATF4 regulates BAT thermogenesis under fed conditions likely in a FGF21-independent manner, in part via increased amino acid uptake and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Bjorkman
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Road, 4338 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alex Marti
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Road, 4338 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jayashree Jena
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Road, 4338 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Luis Miguel García-Peña
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Road, 4338 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Eric T Weatherford
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Road, 4338 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Kevin Kato
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Road, 4338 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jivan Koneru
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Road, 4338 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jason Chen
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Road, 4338 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ayushi Sood
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Road, 4338 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Matthew J Potthoff
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Road, 4338 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Christopher M Adams
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Road, 4338 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Road, 4338 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Renata O Pereira
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Road, 4338 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Li C, Kiefer MF, Dittrich S, Flores RE, Meng Y, Yang N, Wulff S, Gohlke S, Sommerfeld M, Wowro SJ, Petricek KM, Dürbeck D, Spranger L, Mai K, Scholz H, Schulz TJ, Schupp M. Adipose retinol saturase is regulated by β-adrenergic signaling and its deletion impairs lipolysis in adipocytes and acute cold tolerance in mice. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101855. [PMID: 38128827 PMCID: PMC10784691 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Retinol saturase (RetSat) is an endoplasmic reticulum-localized oxidoreductase highly expressed in organs involved in lipid metabolism such as white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Cold exposure was shown to increase RETSAT protein in BAT but its relevance for non-shivering thermogenesis, a process with beneficial effects on metabolic health, is unknown. METHODS We analyzed the regulation of RetSat expression in white and brown adipocytes and different murine adipose tissue depots upon β-adrenergic stimulation and cold exposure. RetSat function during the differentiation and β-adrenergic stimulation of brown adipocytes was dissected by loss-of-function experiments. Mice with BAT-specific deletion of RetSat were generated and exposed to cold. Gene expression in human WAT was analyzed and the effect of RetSat depletion on adipocyte lipolysis investigated. RESULTS We show that cold exposure induces RetSat expression in both WAT and BAT of mice via β-adrenergic signaling. In brown adipocytes, RetSat has minor effects on differentiation but is required for maximal thermogenic gene and protein expression upon β-adrenergic stimulation and mitochondrial respiration. In mice, BAT-specific deletion of RetSat impaired acute but not long-term adaptation to cold exposure. RetSat expression in subcutaneous WAT of humans correlates with the expression of genes related to mitochondrial function. Mechanistically, we found that RetSat depletion impaired β-agonist-induced lipolysis, a major regulator of thermogenic gene expression in adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS Thus, RetSat expression is under β-adrenergic control and determines thermogenic capacity of brown adipocytes and acute cold tolerance in mice. Modulating RetSat activity may allow for therapeutic interventions towards pathologies with inadequate metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie F Kiefer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Dittrich
- Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roberto E Flores
- Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yueming Meng
- Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Na Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Wulff
- Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Gohlke
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Manuela Sommerfeld
- Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia J Wowro
- Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin M Petricek
- Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominic Dürbeck
- Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonard Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut Mai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Scholz
- Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim J Schulz
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Michael Schupp
- Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Fitzpatrick M, Solberg Woods LC. Adenylate cyclase 3: a potential genetic link between obesity and major depressive disorder. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:1-8. [PMID: 37955134 PMCID: PMC11281808 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00056.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and major depressive disorder (MDD) are both significant health issues that have been increasing in prevalence and are associated with multiple comorbidities. Obesity and MDD have been shown to be bidirectionally associated, and they are both influenced by genetics and environmental factors. However, the molecular mechanisms that link these two diseases are not yet fully understood. It is possible that these diseases are connected through the actions of the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. Within this pathway, adenylate cyclase 3 (Adcy3) has emerged as a key player in both obesity and MDD. Numerous genetic variants in Adcy3 have been identified in humans in association with obesity. Rodent knockout studies have also validated the importance of this gene for energy homeostasis. Furthermore, Adcy3 has been identified as a top candidate gene and even a potential blood biomarker for MDD. Adcy3 and the cAMP/PKA pathway may therefore serve as an important genetic and functional link between these two diseases. In this mini-review, we discuss the role of both Adcy3 and the cAMP/PKA pathway, including specific genetic mutations, in both diseases. Understanding the role that Adcy3 mutations play in obesity and MDD could open the door for precision medicine approaches and treatments for both diseases that target this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Fitzpatrick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Leah C Solberg Woods
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
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35
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Dwaib HS, Michel MC. Is the β 3-Adrenoceptor a Valid Target for the Treatment of Obesity and/or Type 2 Diabetes? Biomolecules 2023; 13:1714. [PMID: 38136585 PMCID: PMC10742325 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
β3-Adrenoceptors mediate several functions in rodents that could be beneficial for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. This includes promotion of insulin release from the pancreas, cellular glucose uptake, lipolysis, and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. In combination, they lead to a reduction of body weight in several rodent models including ob/ob mice and Zucker diabetic fatty rats. These findings stimulated drug development programs in various pharmaceutical companies, and at least nine β3-adrenoceptor agonists have been tested in clinical trials. However, all of these projects were discontinued due to the lack of clinically relevant changes in body weight. Following a concise historical account of discoveries leading to such drug development programs we discuss species differences that explain why β3-adrenoceptors are not a meaningful drug target for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen S. Dwaib
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Palestine Ahliya University, Bethlehem P.O. Box 1041, Palestine;
| | - Martin C. Michel
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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36
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Sun X, Sui W, Mu Z, Xie S, Deng J, Li S, Seki T, Wu J, Jing X, He X, Wang Y, Li X, Yang Y, Huang P, Ge M, Cao Y. Mirabegron displays anticancer effects by globally browning adipose tissues. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7610. [PMID: 37993438 PMCID: PMC10665320 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in malignant cells is a hallmark of cancer that relies on augmented glycolytic metabolism to support their growth, invasion, and metastasis. However, the impact of global adipose metabolism on tumor growth and the drug development by targeting adipose metabolism remain largely unexplored. Here we show that a therapeutic paradigm of drugs is effective for treating various cancer types by browning adipose tissues. Mirabegron, a clinically available drug for overactive bladders, displays potent anticancer effects in various animal cancer models, including untreatable cancers such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, via the browning of adipose tissues. Genetic deletion of the uncoupling protein 1, a key thermogenic protein in adipose tissues, ablates the anticancer effect. Similarly, the removal of brown adipose tissue, which is responsible for non-shivering thermogenesis, attenuates the anticancer activity of mirabegron. These findings demonstrate that mirabegron represents a paradigm of anticancer drugs with a distinct mechanism for the effective treatment of multiple cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Sun
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vison and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Wenhai Sui
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Zepeng Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sisi Xie
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxiu Deng
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Li
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jieyu Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Xu Jing
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingkang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vison and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Minghua Ge
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden.
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37
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Cero C, Shu W, Reese AL, Douglas D, Maddox M, Singh AP, Ali SL, Zhu AR, Katz JM, Pierce AE, Long KT, Nilubol N, Cypess RH, Jacobs JL, Tian F, Cypess AM. Standardized In Vitro Models of Human Adipose Tissue Reveal Metabolic Flexibility in Brown Adipocyte Thermogenesis. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad161. [PMID: 37944134 PMCID: PMC11032247 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Functional human brown and white adipose tissue (BAT and WAT) are vital for thermoregulation and nutritional homeostasis, while obesity and other stressors lead, respectively, to cold intolerance and metabolic disease. Understanding BAT and WAT physiology and dysfunction necessitates clinical trials complemented by mechanistic experiments at the cellular level. These require standardized in vitro models, currently lacking, that establish references for gene expression and function. We generated and characterized a pair of immortalized, clonal human brown (hBA) and white (hWA) preadipocytes derived from the perirenal and subcutaneous depots, respectively, of a 40-year-old male individual. Cells were immortalized with hTERT and confirmed to be of a mesenchymal, nonhematopoietic lineage based on fluorescence-activated cell sorting and DNA barcoding. Functional assessments showed that the hWA and hBA phenocopied primary adipocytes in terms of adrenergic signaling, lipolysis, and thermogenesis. Compared to hWA, hBA were metabolically distinct, with higher rates of glucose uptake and lactate metabolism, and greater basal, maximal, and nonmitochondrial respiration, providing a mechanistic explanation for the association between obesity and BAT dysfunction. The hBA also responded to the stress of maximal respiration by using both endogenous and exogenous fatty acids. In contrast to certain mouse models, hBA adrenergic thermogenesis was mediated by several mechanisms, not principally via uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Transcriptomics via RNA-seq were consistent with the functional studies and established a molecular signature for each cell type before and after differentiation. These standardized cells are anticipated to become a common resource for future physiological, pharmacological, and genetic studies of human adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Cero
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Weiguo Shu
- American Type Culture Collection, Cell Biology R&D, 217 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
| | - Amy L Reese
- American Type Culture Collection, Sequencing and Bioinformatics Center, 10801 University Blvd, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Diana Douglas
- American Type Culture Collection, Cell Biology R&D, 217 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
| | - Michael Maddox
- American Type Culture Collection, Cell Biology R&D, 217 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
- Current Affiliation: Vita Therapeutics, 801 W. Baltimore Street, Suite 301, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ajeet P Singh
- American Type Culture Collection, Sequencing and Bioinformatics Center, 10801 University Blvd, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Sahara L Ali
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander R Zhu
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Katz
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anne E Pierce
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kelly T Long
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naris Nilubol
- Surgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Room 4-5952, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Raymond H Cypess
- American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Blvd, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Jonathan L Jacobs
- American Type Culture Collection, Sequencing and Bioinformatics Center, 10801 University Blvd, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Fang Tian
- American Type Culture Collection, Cell Biology R&D, 217 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
| | - Aaron M Cypess
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Dąbrowska AM, Dudka J. Mirabegron, a Selective β3-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist, as a Potential Anti-Obesity Drug. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6897. [PMID: 37959362 PMCID: PMC10649615 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is becoming a global health epidemic. Brown and "beige" adipose tissue may produce heat, leading to energy expenditure enhancement and weight loss. Mirabegron, a selective β3-adrenergic receptor agonist, has been found to be effective as a brown adipose tissue activator, a "beige" cells stimulator and a metabolic homeostasis controller in animal and human studies. Although in animal studies, administration of mirabegron led to obesity improvement, significant weight loss in obese patients after mirabegron treatment has not been demonstrated so far, which may be associated with the too-short duration of the trials and the small number of participants in the studies. In humans, the most effective treatment for adipose tissue stimulation was high doses of mirabegron; however, cardiovascular side effects may limit the use of such doses, so the long-term safety must be evaluated. In cases of tachycardia or blood pressure elevation, the co-administration of a β1-adrenergic receptor blocker may be useful. It should be checked whether smaller doses of mirabegron, taken for a longer time, will be sufficient to stimulate brown and "beige" adipose tissue, leading to weight loss. The introduction of mirabegron into obesity treatment in the future will require long-term trials with larger numbers of subjects, to assess mirabegron efficacy, tolerability, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Dąbrowska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Street 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
- Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Dudka
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Street 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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Genchi VA, Palma G, Sorice GP, D'Oria R, Caccioppoli C, Marrano N, Biondi G, Caruso I, Cignarelli A, Natalicchio A, Laviola L, Giorgino F, Perrini S. Pharmacological modulation of adaptive thermogenesis: new clues for obesity management? J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:2213-2236. [PMID: 37378828 PMCID: PMC10558388 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive thermogenesis represents the main mechanism through which the body generates heat in response to external stimuli, a phenomenon that includes shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. The non-shivering thermogenesis is mainly exploited by adipose tissue characterized by a brown aspect, which specializes in energy dissipation. A decreased amount of brown adipose tissue has been observed in ageing and chronic illnesses such as obesity, a worldwide health problem characterized by dysfunctional adipose tissue expansion and associated cardiometabolic complications. In the last decades, the discovery of a trans-differentiation mechanism ("browning") within white adipose tissue depots, leading to the generation of brown-like cells, allowed to explore new natural and synthetic compounds able to favour this process and thus enhance thermogenesis with the aim of counteracting obesity. Based on recent findings, brown adipose tissue-activating agents could represent another option in addition to appetite inhibitors and inhibitors of nutrient absorption for obesity treatment. PURPOSE This review investigates the main molecules involved in the physiological (e.g. incretin hormones) and pharmacological (e.g. β3-adrenergic receptors agonists, thyroid receptor agonists, farnesoid X receptor agonists, glucagon-like peptide-1, and glucagon receptor agonists) modulation of adaptive thermogenesis and the signalling mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Genchi
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - G Palma
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - G P Sorice
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - R D'Oria
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - C Caccioppoli
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - N Marrano
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - G Biondi
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - I Caruso
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - A Cignarelli
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - A Natalicchio
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - L Laviola
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - F Giorgino
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - S Perrini
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
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Abstract
Recent advances in pharmacotherapies that promote appetite suppression have shown remarkable weight loss. Therapies targeting energy expenditure lag behind, and as such none have yet been identified to be safe and efficacious for sustaining negative energy balance toward weight loss. Multiple energy dissipating pathways have been identified in adipose tissue and muscle. The molecular effectors of some of these pathways have been identified, but much is still left to be learned about their regulation. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of metabolic inefficiency in adipose tissue and muscle is required if these pathways are to be therapeutically targeted in the context of obesity and obesity-accelerated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Kazak
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Iio R, Manaka T, Takada N, Orita K, Nakazawa K, Hirakawa Y, Ito Y, Nakamura H. Parathyroid Hormone Inhibits Fatty Infiltration and Muscle Atrophy After Rotator Cuff Tear by Browning of Fibroadipogenic Progenitors in a Rodent Model. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:3251-3260. [PMID: 37621014 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231190389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy after rotator cuff tears lead to tendon repair failure and poor outcomes. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are involved in fatty infiltration and muscle homeostasis of skeletal muscle. Inducing FAP differentiation into brown adipocyte-like "beige adipocytes" suppresses fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy. HYPOTHESIS Parathyroid hormone (PTH) suppresses fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy after rotator cuff tears in a rat model by browning of FAPs. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS PTH was administered subcutaneously for 4 or 8 weeks to a rotator cuff tear model in rats. After treatment, fatty infiltration of supraspinatus muscles was assessed using Oil Red O staining and muscle atrophy using wet muscle weight and muscle fiber cross-sectional area. Costaining of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (FAP marker) and uncoupling protein 1 (browning marker) was performed to confirm FAP browning by PTH. Mouse-isolated FAPs were cultured with PTH and evaluated for browning-related gene expression and adipogenic differentiation using BODIPY staining. Myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts was evaluated using coculture of PTH-treated browning FAPs with C2C12. RESULTS PTH inhibited fatty infiltration after rotator cuff tear at 8 weeks. Rotator cuff wet muscle loss of PTH-treated rats was inhibited at 4 and 8 weeks. Furthermore, PTH-treated rats demonstrated larger myofiber cross-sectional area than did untreated rats at 4 and 8 weeks. Costaining indicated colocalization of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α and uncoupling protein 1 and promoted PTH-induced FAP browning. PTH increased the expression of browning-related genes in FAPs and suppressed fat droplet accumulation in vitro. Coculture with PTH-treated FAPs promoted C2C12 cell differentiation into myotubes. CONCLUSION PTH induced FAP-derived beige adipocytes by upregulating browning-related gene expression, and the browning effect of PTH on FAPs inhibited fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy in the rat rotator cuff tear model. PTH might have potential as a therapeutic drug for fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy after rotator cuff tears. CLINICAL RELEVANCE PTH may expand treatment options for rotator cuff tears by reducing fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy after rotator cuff tears by browning of FAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Iio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Manaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Takada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kumi Orita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Nakazawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hirakawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ito
- Ito Clinic, Osaka Shoulder Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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Tsagkaraki E, Guilherme A, Nicoloro SM, Kelly M, Lifshitz LM, Wang H, Min K, Rowland LA, Santos KB, Wetoska N, Friedline RH, Maitland SA, Chen M, Weinstein LS, Wolfe SA, Kim JK, Czech MP. Crosstalk between corepressor NRIP1 and cAMP signaling on adipocyte thermogenic programming. Mol Metab 2023; 76:101780. [PMID: 37482187 PMCID: PMC10410517 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nuclear receptor interacting protein 1 (NRIP1) suppresses energy expenditure via repression of nuclear receptors, and its depletion markedly elevates uncoupled respiration in mouse and human adipocytes. We tested whether NRIP1 deficient adipocytes implanted into obese mice would enhance whole body metabolism. Since β-adrenergic signaling through cAMP strongly promotes adipocyte thermogenesis, we tested whether the effects of NRIP1 knock-out (NRIP1KO) require the cAMP pathway. METHODS NRIP1KO adipocytes were implanted in recipient high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice and metabolic cage studies conducted. The Nrip1 gene was disrupted by CRISPR in primary preadipocytes isolated from control vs adipose selective GsαKO (cAdGsαKO) mice prior to differentiation to adipocytes. Protein kinase A inhibitor was also used. RESULTS Implanting NRIP1KO adipocytes into HFD fed mice enhanced whole-body glucose tolerance by increasing insulin sensitivity, reducing adiposity, and enhancing energy expenditure in the recipients. NRIP1 depletion in both control and GsαKO adipocytes was equally effective in upregulating uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and adipocyte beiging, while β-adrenergic signaling by CL 316,243 was abolished in GsαKO adipocytes. Combining NRIP1KO with CL 316,243 treatment synergistically increased Ucp1 gene expression and increased the adipocyte subpopulation responsive to beiging. Estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) was dispensable for UCP1 upregulation by NRIPKO. CONCLUSIONS The thermogenic effect of NRIP1 depletion in adipocytes causes systemic enhancement of energy expenditure when such adipocytes are implanted into obese mice. Furthermore, NRIP1KO acts independently but cooperatively with the cAMP pathway in mediating its effect on adipocyte beiging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouela Tsagkaraki
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Adilson Guilherme
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sarah M Nicoloro
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mark Kelly
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lawrence M Lifshitz
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kyounghee Min
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Leslie A Rowland
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kaltinaitis B Santos
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nicole Wetoska
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Randall H Friedline
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Stacy A Maitland
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1752, USA
| | - Lee S Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1752, USA
| | - Scot A Wolfe
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Ge SX, Li G, Ryan AS. Effects of Weight Loss and Aerobic Exercise Training on Adi-Pose Tissue Zinc α2-Glycoprotein and Associated Genes in Obesity. Cells 2023; 12:2366. [PMID: 37830580 PMCID: PMC10571564 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) has been implicated in fatty acid metabolism and utilization and is lower in obese and higher in cachexic adults compared to those of normal weight. Previous studies suggest that ZAG binds to the beta3-adrenergic receptor (β3AR) to influence fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue by regulating hormone sensitive lipase (HSL). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a six-month weight loss (WL) or aerobic exercise (AEX) intervention on adipose tissue and skeletal muscle ZAG mRNA levels and protein expression, as well as the expression of β3AR, and HSL. Abdominal adipose tissue (AB) and gluteal adipose tissue (Glut) and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were performed before and after WL (n = 13) or AEX (n = 13). ZAG, HSL, and β3AR expressions were determined by RT-PCR, and ZAG and HSL plasma levels by ELISA. Body weight decreased by 9.69% (p < 0.001) in WL and did not change with AEX. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) increased by 7.1% (p < 0.005) after WL and by 16.69% (p < 0.001) after AEX. WL significantly decreased body weight with a reduction of percentage of fat, fat mass, fat-free mass (FFM). AEX decreased percent fat and increased VO2max, but did not change fat mass and FFM. Abdominal ZAG and HSL mRNA levels did not change significantly after WL or AEX. There were no changes in plasma ZAG, HSL and adipose tissue β3AR mRNA levels after WL and AEX. ZAG, HSL and β3AR mRNA expressions in adipose tissue are positively associated each other. Adipose tissue abdominal and gluteal HSL are negatively associated with HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance), and both ZAG and HSL adipose tissue are negatively associated with fasting glucose and the glucose area under the curve. Further work is needed to elucidate the role of ZAG and HSL in the propensity for weight gain and the ability of exercise to mitigate these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shealinna X. Ge
- Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Guoyan Li
- Division of Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alice S. Ryan
- Division of Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), 10 N Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- VA Research Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10 N Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Bjorkman SH, Marti A, Jena J, Garcia Pena LM, Weatherford ET, Kato K, Koneru J, Chen J, Sood A, Potthoff MJ, Adams CM, Abel ED, Pereira RO. ATF4 Expression in Thermogenic Adipocytes is Required for Cold-Induced Thermogenesis in Mice via FGF21-Independent Mechanisms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.09.531964. [PMID: 36945390 PMCID: PMC10028960 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.09.531964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In brown adipose tissue (BAT), short-term cold exposure induces the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and its downstream target fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Induction of ATF4 in BAT in response to mitochondrial stress is required for thermoregulation, partially via upregulation of FGF21. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that Atf4 and Fgf21 induction in BAT are both required for BAT thermogenesis by generating mice selectively lacking either Atf4 ( ATF4 BKO ) or Fgf21 (FGF21 BKO) in UCP1-expressing adipocytes. After 3 days of cold exposure, core body temperature was significantly reduced in ad-libitum -fed ATF4 BKO mice, which correlated with Fgf21 downregulation in brown and beige adipocytes, and impaired browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Conversely, despite having reduced browning, FGF21 BKO mice had preserved core body temperature after cold exposure. Mechanistically, ATF4, but not FGF21, regulates amino acid import and metabolism in response to cold, likely contributing to BAT thermogenic capacity under ad libitum -fed conditions. Importantly, under fasting conditions, both ATF4 and FGF21 were required for thermogenesis in cold-exposed mice. Thus, ATF4 regulates BAT thermogenesis by activating amino acid metabolism in BAT in a FGF21-independent manner.
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45
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Sa M, Yoo ES, Koh W, Park MG, Jang HJ, Yang YR, Bhalla M, Lee JH, Lim J, Won W, Kwon J, Kwon JH, Seong Y, Kim B, An H, Lee SE, Park KD, Suh PG, Sohn JW, Lee CJ. Hypothalamic GABRA5-positive neurons control obesity via astrocytic GABA. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1506-1525. [PMID: 37653043 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00877-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) regulates food intake and energy balance. Although LHA neurons innervate adipose tissues, the identity of neurons that regulate fat is undefined. Here we show that GABRA5-positive neurons in LHA (GABRA5LHA) polysynaptically project to brown and white adipose tissues in the periphery. GABRA5LHA are a distinct subpopulation of GABAergic neurons and show decreased pacemaker firing in diet-induced obesity mouse models in males. Chemogenetic inhibition of GABRA5LHA suppresses fat thermogenesis and increases weight gain, whereas gene silencing of GABRA5 in LHA decreases weight gain. In the diet-induced obesity mouse model, GABRA5LHA are tonically inhibited by nearby reactive astrocytes releasing GABA, which is synthesized by monoamine oxidase B (Maob). Gene silencing of astrocytic Maob in LHA facilitates fat thermogenesis and reduces weight gain significantly without affecting food intake, which is recapitulated by administration of a Maob inhibitor, KDS2010. We propose that firing of GABRA5LHA suppresses fat accumulation and selective inhibition of astrocytic GABA is a molecular target for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonsun Sa
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seon Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wuhyun Koh
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingu Gordon Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ryoul Yang
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mridula Bhalla
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hun Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoon Lim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Won
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Kwon
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Ho Kwon
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Seong
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungeun Kim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoung An
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Virus Facility, Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
In this review, we provide a brief synopsis of the connections between adipose tissue and metabolic health and highlight some recent developments in understanding and exploiting adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue plays critical roles in the regulation of systemic glucose and lipid metabolism and secretes bioactive molecules possessing endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine functions. Dysfunctional adipose tissue has a detrimental impact on metabolic health and is intimately involved in key aspects of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, lipid overload, inflammation, and organelle stress. Differences in the distribution of fat depots and adipose characteristics relate to divergent degrees of metabolic dysfunction found in metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese individuals. Thermogenic adipocytes increase energy expenditure via mitochondrial uncoupling or adenosine triphosphate-consuming futile substrate cycles, while functioning as a metabolic sink and participating in crosstalk with other metabolic organs. Manipulation of adipose tissue provides a wealth of opportunities to intervene and combat the progression of associated metabolic diseases. We discuss current treatment modalities for obesity including incretin hormone analogs and touch upon emerging strategies with therapeutic potential including exosome-based therapy, pharmacological activation of brown and beige adipocyte thermogenesis, and administration or inhibition of adipocyte-derived factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min An
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Seung-Hee Cho
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John C. Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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Balligand JL, Michel LYM. Clinical pharmacology of β-3 adrenergic receptor agonists for cardiovascular diseases. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2023; 16:1073-1084. [PMID: 37728503 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2193681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few agonists of the third isotype of beta-adrenergic receptors, the β3-adrenoreceptor, are currently used clinically, and new agonists are under development for the treatment of overactive bladder disease. As the receptor is expressed in human cardiac and vascular tissues, it is important to understand their beneficial (or adverse) effect(s) on these targets. AREAS COVERED We discuss the most recent results of clinical trials testing the benefit and safety of β3-adrenoreceptor activation on cardiovascular outcomes in light of current knowledge on the receptor biology, genetic polymorphisms, and agonist pharmacology. EXPERT OPINION While evidence from small clinical trials is limited so far, the β3-agonist, mirabegron seems to be safe in patients at high cardiovascular risk but produces benefits on selected cardiovascular outcomes only at higher than standard doses. Activation of cardiovascular β3-adrenoreceptors deserves to be tested with more potent agonists, such as vibegron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Balligand
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lauriane Y M Michel
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
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48
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Wilson RA, Arivazhagan L, Ruiz HH, Zhou B, Qian K, Manigrasso MB, Bernadin R, Mangar K, Shekhtman A, Li H, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM. Pharmacological antagonism of receptor for advanced glycation end products signaling promotes thermogenesis, healthful body mass and composition, and metabolism in mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1825-1843. [PMID: 37231626 PMCID: PMC10790363 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Optimal body mass and composition as well as metabolic fitness require tightly regulated and interconnected mechanisms across tissues. Disturbances in these regulatory networks tip the balance between metabolic health versus overweight and obesity and their complications. The authors previously demonstrated roles for the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in obesity, as global- or adipocyte-specific deletion of Ager (the gene encoding RAGE) protected mice from high-fat diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction. METHODS To explore translational strategies evoked by these observations, a small molecule antagonist of RAGE signaling, RAGE229, was administered to lean mice and mice with obesity undergoing diet-induced weight loss. Body mass and composition and whole body and adipose tissue metabolism were examined. RESULTS This study demonstrates that antagonism of RAGE signaling reduced body mass and adiposity and improved glucose, insulin, and lipid metabolism in lean male and female mice and in male mice with obesity undergoing weight loss. In adipose tissue and in human and mouse adipocytes, RAGE229 enhanced phosphorylation of protein kinase A substrates, which augmented lipolysis, mitochondrial function, and thermogenic programs. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological antagonism of RAGE signaling is a potent strategy to optimize healthful body mass and composition and metabolic fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A. Wilson
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lakshmi Arivazhagan
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Henry H. Ruiz
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Boyan Zhou
- Departments of Population Health (Biostatistics) and Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kun Qian
- Departments of Population Health (Biostatistics) and Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michaele B. Manigrasso
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rollanda Bernadin
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kaamashri Mangar
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Shekhtman
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Huilin Li
- Departments of Population Health (Biostatistics) and Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Liu L, Wess J. Adipocyte G Protein-Coupled Receptors as Potential Targets for Novel Antidiabetic Drugs. Diabetes 2023; 72:825-834. [PMID: 37339353 PMCID: PMC10281224 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The functional state of adipocytes plays a central role in regulating numerous important metabolic functions, including energy and glucose homeostasis. While white adipocytes store excess calories as fat (triglycerides) and release free fatty acids as a fuel source in times of need, brown and beige adipocytes (so-called thermogenic adipocytes) convert chemical energy stored in substrates (e.g., fatty acids or glucose) into heat, thus promoting energy expenditure. Like all other cell types, adipocytes express many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are linked to four major functional classes of heterotrimeric G proteins (Gs, Gi/o, Gq/11, and G12/13). During the past few years, novel experimental approaches, including the use of chemogenetic strategies, have led to a series of important new findings regarding the metabolic consequences of activating or inhibiting distinct GPCR/G protein signaling pathways in white, brown, and beige adipocytes. This novel information should guide the development of novel drugs capable of modulating the activity of specific adipocyte GPCR signaling pathways for the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jürgen Wess
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
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50
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Sarlon J, Partonen T, Lang UE. Potential links between brown adipose tissue, circadian dysregulation, and suicide risk. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1196029. [PMID: 37360180 PMCID: PMC10288144 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1196029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian desynchronizations are associated with psychiatric disorders as well as with higher suicidal risk. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is important in the regulation of body temperature and contributes to the homeostasis of the metabolic, cardiovascular, skeletal muscle or central nervous system. BAT is under neuronal, hormonal and immune control and secrets batokines: i.e., autocrine, paracrine and endocrine active substances. Moreover, BAT is involved in circadian system. Light, ambient temperature as well as exogen substances interact with BAT. Thus, a dysregulation of BAT can indirectly worsen psychiatric conditions and the risk of suicide, as one of previously suggested explanations for the seasonality of suicide rate. Furthermore, overactivation of BAT is associated with lower body weight and lower level of blood lipids. Reduced body mass index (BMI) or decrease in BMI respectively, as well as lower triglyceride concentrations were found to correlate with higher risk of suicide, however the findings are inconclusive. Hyperactivation or dysregulation of BAT in relation to the circadian system as a possible common factor is discussed. Interestingly, substances with proven efficacy in reducing suicidal risk, like clozapine or lithium, interact with BAT. The effects of clozapine on fat tissue are stronger and might differ qualitatively from other antipsychotics; however, the significance remains unclear. We suggest that BAT is involved in the brain/environment homeostasis and deserves attention from a psychiatric point of view. Better understanding of circadian disruptions and its mechanisms can contribute to personalized diagnostic and therapy as well as better assessment of suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sarlon
- University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Undine E. Lang
- University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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