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Lin HY, Lin CH, Kuo YH, Shih CC. Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Activities and Molecular Mechanisms of Phyllanthus emblica L. Extract in Mice on a High-Fat Diet. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:10492-10529. [PMID: 39329975 PMCID: PMC11430370 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46090623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We planned to explore the protective activities of extract of Phyllanthus emblica L. (EPE) on insulin resistance and metabolic disorders including hyperlipidemia, visceral obesity, and renal dysfunction in high-fat diet (HFD)-progressed T2DM mice. Mice treatments included 7 weeks of HFD induction followed by EPE, fenofibrate (Feno), or metformin (Metf) treatment daily for another 4-week HFD in HFD-fed mice. Finally, we harvested blood to analyze some tests on circulating glycemia and blood lipid levels. Western blotting analysis was performed on target gene expressions in peripheral tissues. The present findings indicated that EPE treatment reversed the HFD-induced increases in blood glucose, glycosylated HbA1C, and insulin levels. Our findings proved that treatment with EPE in HFD mice effectively controls hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Our results showed that EPE reduced blood lipid levels, including a reduction in blood triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and free fatty acid (FFA); moreover, EPE reduced blood leptin levels and enhanced adiponectin concentrations. EPE treatment in HFD mice reduced BUN and creatinine in both blood and urine and lowered albumin levels in urine; moreover, EPE decreased circulating concentrations of inflammatory NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). These results indicated that EPE displayed antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities but alleviated renal dysfunction in HFD mice. The histology examinations indicated that EPE treatment decreased adipose hypertrophy and hepatic ballooning, thus contributing to amelioration of lipid accumulation. EPE treatment decreased visceral fat amounts and led to improved systemic insulin resistance. For target gene expression levels, EPE enhanced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation expressions both in livers and skeletal muscles and elevated the muscular membrane glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expressions. Treatment with EPE reduced hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expressions to suppress glucose production in the livers and decreased phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) expressions to affect hepatic glycogen synthesis, thus convergently contributing to an antidiabetic effect and improving insulin resistance. The mechanism of the antihyperlipidemic activity of EPE involved a decrease in the hepatic phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex C1 (mTORC1) and p70 S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) expressions to improve insulin resistance but also a reduction in hepatic sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1c expressions, and suppression of ACC activity, thus resulting in the decreased fatty acid synthesis but elevated hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and SREBP-2 expressions, resulting in lowering TG and TC concentrations. Our results demonstrated that EPE improves insulin resistance and ameliorates hyperlipidemia in HFD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Yi Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cheng Ching Hospital, No. 139, Pingdeng St., Central District, Taichung City 40045, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fengyuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Fengyuan District, Taichung City 42055, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung City 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ching Shih
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 666 Buzih Road, Beitun District, Taichung City 40601, Taiwan
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Santini L, Kowald S, Cerron-Alvan LM, Huth M, Fabing AP, Sestini G, Rivron N, Leeb M. FoxO transcription factors actuate the formative pluripotency specific gene expression programme. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7879. [PMID: 39251582 PMCID: PMC11384738 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51794-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Naïve pluripotency is sustained by a self-reinforcing gene regulatory network (GRN) comprising core and naïve pluripotency-specific transcription factors (TFs). Upon exiting naïve pluripotency, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) transition through a formative post-implantation-like pluripotent state, where they acquire competence for lineage choice. However, the mechanisms underlying disengagement from the naïve GRN and initiation of the formative GRN are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that phosphorylated AKT acts as a gatekeeper that prevents nuclear localisation of FoxO TFs in naïve ESCs. PTEN-mediated reduction of AKT activity upon exit from naïve pluripotency allows nuclear entry of FoxO TFs, enforcing a cell fate transition by binding and activating formative pluripotency-specific enhancers. Indeed, FoxO TFs are necessary and sufficient for the activation of the formative pluripotency-specific GRN. Our work uncovers a pivotal role for FoxO TFs in establishing formative post-implantation pluripotency, a critical early embryonic cell fate transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Santini
- Max Perutz Laboratories Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Saskia Kowald
- Max Perutz Laboratories Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luis Miguel Cerron-Alvan
- Max Perutz Laboratories Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michelle Huth
- Max Perutz Laboratories Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Philina Fabing
- Max Perutz Laboratories Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giovanni Sestini
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas Rivron
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Leeb
- Max Perutz Laboratories Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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Simon-Szabó L, Lizák B, Sturm G, Somogyi A, Takács I, Németh Z. Molecular Aspects in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes and Possible Preventive and Complementary Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9113. [PMID: 39201799 PMCID: PMC11354764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), is increasing sharply worldwide. To reverse this, more effective approaches in prevention and treatment are needed. In our review, we sought to summarize normal insulin action and the pathways that primarily influence the development of T2DM. Normal insulin action involves mitogenic and metabolic pathways, as both are important in normal metabolic processes, regeneration, etc. However, through excess energy, both can be hyperactive or attenuated/inactive leading to disturbances in the cellular and systemic regulation with the consequence of cellular stress and systemic inflammation. In this review, we detailed the beneficial molecular changes caused by some important components of nutrition and by exercise, which act in the same molecular targets as the developed drugs, and can revert the damaged pathways. Moreover, these induce entire networks of regulatory mechanisms and proteins to restore unbalanced homeostasis, proving their effectiveness as preventive and complementary therapies. These are the main steps for success in prevention and treatment of developed diseases to rid the body of excess energy, both from stored fats and from overnutrition, while facilitating fat burning with adequate, regular exercise in healthy people, and together with necessary drug treatment as required in patients with insulin resistance and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Simon-Szabó
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto u. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.S.-S.); (B.L.)
| | - Beáta Lizák
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto u. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.S.-S.); (B.L.)
| | - Gábor Sturm
- Directorate of Information Technology Basic Infrastructure and Advanced Applications, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/b, 1082 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Anikó Somogyi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Baross u., 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - István Takács
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Koranyi S. u 2/a, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zsuzsanna Németh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Koranyi S. u 2/a, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
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Yang W, Sha Y, Chen X, Liu X, Wang F, Wang J, Shao P, Chen Q, Gao M, Huang W. Effects of the Interaction between Rumen Microbiota Density-VFAs-Hepatic Gluconeogenesis on the Adaptability of Tibetan Sheep to Plateau. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6726. [PMID: 38928432 PMCID: PMC11203870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
During the adaptive evolution of animals, the host and its gut microbiota co-adapt to different elevations. Currently, there are few reports on the rumen microbiota-hepato-intestinal axis of Tibetan sheep at different altitudes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the regulatory effect of rumen microorganism-volatile fatty acids (VFAs)-VFAs transporter gene interactions on the key enzymes and genes related to gluconeogenesis in Tibetan sheep. The rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microbial densities, liver gluconeogenesis activity and related genes were determined and analyzed using gas chromatography, RT-qPCR and other research methods. Correlation analysis revealed a reciprocal relationship among rumen microflora-VFAs-hepatic gluconeogenesis in Tibetan sheep at different altitudes. Among the microbiota, Ruminococcus flavefaciens (R. flavefaciens), Ruminococcus albus (R. albus), Fibrobactersuccinogenes and Ruminobacter amylophilus (R. amylophilus) were significantly correlated with propionic acid (p < 0.05), while propionic acid was significantly correlated with the transport genes monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) and anion exchanger 2 (AE2) (p < 0.05). Propionic acid was significantly correlated with key enzymes such as pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvic acid carboxylase and glucose (Glu) in the gluconeogenesis pathway (p < 0.05). Additionally, the expressions of these genes were significantly correlated with those of the related genes, namely, forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2) (p < 0.05). The results showed that rumen microbiota densities differed at different altitudes, and the metabolically produced VFA contents differed, which led to adaptive changes in the key enzyme activities of gluconeogenesis and the expressions of related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiu Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (J.W.); (P.S.); (Q.C.); (M.G.); (W.H.)
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Zhang C, Steadman M, Santos HP, Shaikh SR, Xavier RM. GPAT1 Activity and Abundant Palmitic Acid Impair Insulin Suppression of Hepatic Glucose Production in Primary Mouse Hepatocytes. J Nutr 2024; 154:1109-1118. [PMID: 38354952 PMCID: PMC11007742 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) activity is correlated with obesity and insulin resistance in mice and humans. However, insulin resistance exists in people with normal body weight, and individuals with obesity may be metabolically healthy, implying the presence of complex pathophysiologic mechanisms underpinning insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE We asked what conditions related to GPAT1 must be met concurrently for hepatic insulin resistance to occur. METHODS Mouse hepatocytes were overexpressed with GPATs via adenoviral infection or exposed to high or low concentrations of glucose. Glucose production by the cells and phosphatidic acid (PA) content in the cells were assayed, GPAT activity was measured, relative messenger RNA expressions of sterol-regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c), carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), and GPAT1 were analyzed, and insulin signaling transduction was examined. RESULTS Overexpressing GPAT1 in mouse hepatocytes impaired insulin's suppression of glucose production, together with an increase in both N-ethylmaleimide-resistant GPAT activity and the content of di-16:0 PA. Akt-mediated insulin signaling was inhibited in hepatocytes that overexpressed GPAT1. When the cells were exposed to high-glucose concentrations, insulin suppression of glucose production was impaired, and adding palmitic acid exacerbated this impairment. High-glucose exposure increased the expression of SREBP1c, ChREBP, and GPAT1 by ∼2-, 5-, and 5.7-fold, respectively. The addition of 200 mM palmitic acid or linoleic acid to the culture media did not change the upregulation of expression of these genes by high glucose. High-glucose exposure increased di-16:0 PA content in the cells, and adding palmitic acid further increased di-16:0 PA content. The effect was specific to palmitic acid because linoleic acid did not show these effects. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that high-GPAT1 activity, whether induced by glucose exposure or acquired by transfection, and abundant palmitic acid can impair insulin's ability to suppress hepatic glucose production in primary mouse hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongben Zhang
- Biobehavioral Laboratory, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Mathew Steadman
- Biobehavioral Laboratory, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Hudson P Santos
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Saame R Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Rose Mary Xavier
- Biobehavioral Laboratory, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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Liu C, Zheng Y, Hu S, Liang X, Li Y, Yu Z, Liu Y, Bian Y, Man Y, Zhao S, Liu X, Liu H, Huang T, Ma J, Chen ZJ, Zhao H, Zhang Y. TOX3 deficiency mitigates hyperglycemia by suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis through FoxO1. Metabolism 2024; 152:155766. [PMID: 38145825 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive hepatic glucose production is a hallmark that contributes to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The regulatory network governing this process remains incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that TOX3, a high-mobility group family member, acts as a major transcriptional driver for hepatic glucose production. METHODS Tox3-overexpressed and knockout mice were constructed to explore its metabolic functions. Transcriptomic and chromatin-immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) were used to identify downstream targets of TOX3. Both FoxO1 silencing and inhibitor approaches were used to assess the contribution of FoxO1. TOX3 expression levels were examined in the livers of mice and human subjects. Finally, Tox3 was genetically manipulated in diet-induced obese mice to evaluate its therapeutic potential. RESULTS Hepatic Tox3 overexpression activates the gluconeogenic program, resulting in hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in mice. Hepatocyte-specific Tox3 knockout suppresses gluconeogenesis and improves insulin sensitivity. Mechanistically, integrated hepatic transcriptomic and ChIP-seq analyses identify FoxO1 as a direct target of TOX3. TOX3 stimulates FoxO1 transcription by directly binding to and activating its promoter, whereas FoxO1 silencing abrogates TOX3-induced dysglycemia in mice. In human subjects, hepatic TOX3 expression shows a significant positive correlation with blood glucose levels under normoglycemic conditions, yet is repressed by high glucose during T2D. Importantly, hepatic Tox3 deficiency markedly protects against and ameliorates the hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in diet-induced diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings establish TOX3 as a driver for excessive gluconeogenesis through activating hepatic FoxO1 transcription. TOX3 could serve as a promising target for preventing and treating hyperglycemia in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuanwen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Shourui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaofan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhiheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuehong Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuanyuan Man
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shigang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jinlong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200135, China.
| | - Han Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Luo Q, Wei Y, Lv X, Chen W, Yang D, Tuo Q. The Effect and Mechanism of Oleanolic Acid in the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules 2024; 29:758. [PMID: 38398510 PMCID: PMC10892503 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndromes (MetS) and related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a serious threat to human health. MetS are metabolic disorders characterized by obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which increase the risk of CVDs' initiation and development. Although there are many availabile drugs for treating MetS and related CVDs, some side effects also occur. Considering the low-level side effects, many natural products have been tried to treat MetS and CVDs. A five-cyclic triterpenoid natural product, oleanolic acid (OA), has been reported to have many pharmacologic actions such as anti-hypertension, anti-hyperlipidemia, and liver protection. OA has specific advantages in the treatment of MetS and CVDs. OA achieves therapeutic effects through a variety of pathways, attracting great interest and playing a vital role in the treatment of MetS and CVDs. Consequently, in this article, we aim to review the pharmacological actions and potential mechanisms of OA in treating MetS and related CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanye Luo
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Yu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Xuzhen Lv
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, The School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China;
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Qinhui Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
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Quaye E, Chacko S, Startzell M, Brown RJ. Leptin Decreases Gluconeogenesis and Gluconeogenic Substrate Availability in Patients With Lipodystrophy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:e209-e215. [PMID: 37515588 PMCID: PMC10735288 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The effects of leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone that signals overall energy sufficiency, can only be studied in leptin-deficient conditions. In patients with lipodystrophy, a rare disease and unique model of leptin deficiency, treatment with recombinant leptin (metreleptin) improves glycemia and decreases energy expenditure. We hypothesized that these improvements might be mediated by reduced gluconeogenesis (GNG), an energy-requiring process. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of metreleptin on GNG and GNG substrates. METHODS This was a single-arm prospective study of metreleptin administration in 15 patients with lipodystrophy, 9 of whom had data on GNG (NIH, 2013-2018). We analyzed total GNG, insulin-mediated suppression of GNG, glycerol, palmitate, alanine, lactate, peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity, and markers of glycemia (eg, HbA1c, glucose, fasting insulin). RESULTS Metreleptin administration decreased basal GNG, increased insulin-mediated suppression of GNG, and improved insulin sensitivity and markers of glycemic control. Metreleptin reduced carbon sources for GNG, including plasma alanine and lactate, and rate of appearance (Ra) of glycerol, and decreased Ra of palmitate, a driver of GNG. Glycerol and palmitate Ra correlated with GNG prior to but not during metreleptin administration. Alanine strongly correlated with GNG both before and during metreleptin administration. CONCLUSIONS Metreleptin treatment in patients with lipodystrophy reduced GNG likely through decreased availability of carbon sources for gluconeogenesis, such as alanine, lactate, and glycerol. Associations between alanine and GNG persisted after metreleptin treatment while correlations with glycerol and palmitate Ra did not persist, suggesting reduced importance of lipolysis as a driver of GNG in the leptin-replete state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Quaye
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shaji Chacko
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Megan Startzell
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rebecca J Brown
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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9
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Pacifici F, Andreadi A, Arriga R, Pastore D, Capuani B, Bonanni R, Della-Morte D, Bellia A, Lauro D, Donadel G. Omega-3-Enriched Diet Improves Metabolic Profile in Prdx6-Deficient Mice Exposed to Microgravity. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2245. [PMID: 38137846 PMCID: PMC10744818 DOI: 10.3390/life13122245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Space travel has always been one of mankind's greatest dreams. Thanks to technological innovation, this dream is becoming more of a reality. Soon, humans (not only astronauts) will travel, live, and work in space. However, a microgravity environment can induce several pathological alterations that should be, at least in part, controlled and alleviated. Among those, glucose homeostasis impairment and insulin resistance occur, which can lead to reduced muscle mass and liver dysfunctions. Thus, it is relevant to shed light on the mechanism underlaying these pathological conditions, also considering a nutritional approach that can mitigate these effects. METHODS To achieve this goal, we used Prdx6-/- mice exposed to Hindlimb Unloading (HU), a well-established experimental protocol to simulate microgravity, fed with a chow diet or an omega-3-enriched diet. RESULTS Our results innovatively demonstrated that HU-induced metabolic alterations, mainly related to glucose metabolism, may be mitigated by the administration of omega-3-enriched diet. Specifically, a significant improvement in insulin resistance has been reported. CONCLUSIONS Although preliminary, our results highlight the importance of specific nutritional approaches that can alleviate microgravity-induced harmful effects. These findings should be considered soon by those planning trips around the earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pacifici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (A.A.); (R.A.); (B.C.); (D.D.-M.); (A.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Aikaterini Andreadi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (A.A.); (R.A.); (B.C.); (D.D.-M.); (A.B.); (D.L.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Arriga
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (A.A.); (R.A.); (B.C.); (D.D.-M.); (A.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Donatella Pastore
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Barbara Capuani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (A.A.); (R.A.); (B.C.); (D.D.-M.); (A.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Roberto Bonanni
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (A.A.); (R.A.); (B.C.); (D.D.-M.); (A.B.); (D.L.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Bellia
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (A.A.); (R.A.); (B.C.); (D.D.-M.); (A.B.); (D.L.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (A.A.); (R.A.); (B.C.); (D.D.-M.); (A.B.); (D.L.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Donadel
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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10
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Kazeminasab F, Baharlooie M, Rezazadeh H, Soltani N, Rosenkranz SK. The effects of aerobic exercise on liver function, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles in prediabetic and type 2 diabetic mice. Physiol Behav 2023; 271:114340. [PMID: 37648184 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the expression of gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance key genes; including insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1), a serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt), forkhead box class-O 1 (FoxO1) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck) genes, and lipid profiles following either a standard or a high-fat diet (HFD) and either an aerobic exercise or non-exercise intervention in prediabetic and type 2 diabetic (T2DM) mice. METHODS 24 male mice were randomly assigned to two groups fed with a normal diet (ND) or a HFD for 12 weeks. The mice in each group were again randomly assigned to two groups to create four groups in total: 1. Prediabetes-exercised (Prediabetes-Exe), 2. Prediabetes-non exercised (Prediabetes-Non exe), 3. Healthy-exercised (Healthy-Exe), and 4. Healthy-non exercised (Healthy-Non exe). Eighteen additional male mice were fed with the HFD for 8 weeks, after which streptozotocin (STZ) was administered. The mice were then fed the HFD for an additional 4 weeks. These T2DM mice were then randomly divided into two groups: 1. Diabetes-exercised (Diabetic-Exe), and 2. Diabetes-Non exe. The three Exe groups all exercised on a treadmill for 8 weeks for 5 sessions/week. After the last training session, liver tissue was extracted, and the expression of Irs1, Akt, FoxO1, and Pepck genes was measured using real time quantitative Polymerase chain reaction tests. Lipid profiles were measured in serum and in the liver. RESULTS The expression of both Irs1 and Akt was significantly increased in the Healthy-Exe, Prediabetes-Exe, and Diabetes-Exe groups as compared to the Healthy-Non exe, Prediabetes-Non exe, and Diabetes-Non exe groups (p < 0.001). Additionally, the expression of FoxO1 (p < 0.05) and Pepck (p < 0.001) decreased significantly in the Prediabetes-Exe, and Diabetes-Exe groups as compared to the Prediabetes-non exe, and Diabetes-Non exe groups. Aerobic exercise did not lead to reductions in FoxO1 or Pepck expression in the Healthy-Exe mice. CONCLUSIONS Eight weeks of aerobic exercise (5 sessions/week) significantly increased the expression of key genes that are important for maintaining glucose homeostasis and improving insulin resistance (Irs1 and Akt), and decreased expression of genes that are important for decreasing gluconeogenesis in the liver (FoxO1 and Pepck) in healthy, prediabetic, and T2DM mice. The lipid profiles improved in healthy, prediabetic, and T2DM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kazeminasab
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Baharlooie
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Rezazadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nepton Soltani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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11
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Huneault HE, Ramirez Tovar A, Sanchez-Torres C, Welsh JA, Vos MB. The Impact and Burden of Dietary Sugars on the Liver. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0297. [PMID: 37930128 PMCID: PMC10629746 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NAFLD, or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, has increased in prevalence hand in hand with the rise in obesity and increased free sugars in the food supply. The causes of NAFLD are genetic in origin combined with environmental drivers of the disease phenotype. Dietary intake of added sugars has been shown to have a major role in the phenotypic onset and progression of the disease. Simple sugars are key drivers of steatosis, likely through fueling de novo lipogenesis, the conversion of excess carbohydrates into fatty acids, but also appear to upregulate lipogenic metabolism and trigger hyperinsulinemia, another driver. NAFLD carries a clinical burden as it is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Patient quality of life is also impacted, and there is an enormous economic burden due to healthcare use, which is likely to increase in the coming years. This review aims to discuss the role of dietary sugar in NAFLD pathogenesis, the health and economic burden, and the promising potential of sugar reduction to improve health outcomes for patients with this chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helaina E. Huneault
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ana Ramirez Tovar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cristian Sanchez-Torres
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jean A. Welsh
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Miriam B. Vos
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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12
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Kitamoto T, Accili D. Unraveling the mysteries of hepatic insulin signaling: deconvoluting the nuclear targets of insulin. Endocr J 2023; 70:851-866. [PMID: 37245960 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej23-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 100 years have passed since insulin was first administered to a diabetic patient. Since then great strides have been made in diabetes research. It has determined where insulin is secreted from, which organs it acts on, how it is transferred into the cell and is delivered to the nucleus, how it orchestrates the expression pattern of the genes, and how it works with each organ to maintain systemic metabolism. Any breakdown in this system leads to diabetes. Thanks to the numerous researchers who have dedicated their lives to cure diabetes, we now know that there are three major organs where insulin acts to maintain glucose/lipid metabolism: the liver, muscles, and fat. The failure of insulin action on these organs, such as insulin resistance, result in hyperglycemia and/or dyslipidemia. The primary trigger of this condition and its association among these tissues still remain to be uncovered. Among the major organs, the liver finely tunes the glucose/lipid metabolism to maintain metabolic flexibility, and plays a crucial role in glucose/lipid abnormality due to insulin resistance. Insulin resistance disrupts this tuning, and selective insulin resistance arises. The glucose metabolism loses its sensitivity to insulin, while the lipid metabolism maintains it. The clarification of its mechanism is warranted to reverse the metabolic abnormalities due to insulin resistance. This review will provide a brief historical review for the progress of the pathophysiology of diabetes since the discovery of insulin, followed by a review of the current research clarifying our understanding of selective insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kitamoto
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Domenico Accili
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
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13
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Liang Y, Gong Y, Jiang Q, Yu Y, Zhang J. Environmental endocrine disruptors and pregnane X receptor action: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113976. [PMID: 37532173 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a kind of orphan nuclear receptor activated by a series of ligands. Environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) are a wide class of molecules present in the environment that are suspected to have adverse effects on the endocrine system by interfering with the synthesis, transport, degradation, or action of endogenous hormones. Since EEDs may modulate human/rodent PXR, this review aims to summarize EEDs as PXR modulators, including agonists and antagonists. The modular structure of PXR is also described, interestingly, the pharmacology of PXR have been confirmed to vary among different species. Furthermore, PXR play a key role in the regulation of endocrine function. Endocrine disruption of EEDs via PXR and its related pathways are systematically summarized. In brief, this review may provide a way to understand the roles of EEDs in interaction with the nuclear receptors (such as PXR) and the related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yiyao Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Qiuyan Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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14
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Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) is a type II receptor tyrosine kinase that plays essential roles in metabolism, growth, and proliferation. Dysregulation of IR signaling is linked to many human diseases, such as diabetes and cancers. The resolution revolution in cryo-electron microscopy has led to the determination of several structures of IR with different numbers of bound insulin molecules in recent years, which have tremendously improved our understanding of how IR is activated by insulin. Here, we review the insulin-induced activation mechanism of IR, including (a) the detailed binding modes and functions of insulin at site 1 and site 2 and (b) the insulin-induced structural transitions that are required for IR activation. We highlight several other key aspects of the activation and regulation of IR signaling and discuss the remaining gaps in our understanding of the IR activation mechanism and potential avenues of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Choi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA;
| | - Xiao-Chen Bai
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA;
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15
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Xue Y, Cui A, Wei S, Ma F, Liu Z, Fang X, Huo S, Sun X, Li W, Hu Z, Liu Y, Cai G, Su W, Zhao J, Yan X, Gao C, Wen J, Zhang H, Li H, Liu Y, Lin X, Xu Y, Fu W, Fang J, Li Y. Proline hydroxylation of CREB-regulated transcriptional coactivator 2 controls hepatic glucose metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219419120. [PMID: 37252972 PMCID: PMC10266032 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219419120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes change HIF activity according to oxygen signal; whether it is regulated by other physiological conditions remains largely unknown. Here, we report that PHD3 is induced by fasting and regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis through interaction and hydroxylation of CRTC2. Pro129 and Pro615 hydroxylation of CRTC2 following PHD3 activation is necessary for its association with cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and nuclear translocation, and enhanced binding to promoters of gluconeogenic genes by fasting or forskolin. CRTC2 hydroxylation-stimulated gluconeogenic gene expression is independent of SIK-mediated phosphorylation of CRTC2. Liver-specific knockout of PHD3 (PHD3 LKO) or prolyl hydroxylase-deficient knockin mice (PHD3 KI) show attenuated fasting gluconeogenic genes, glycemia, and hepatic capacity to produce glucose during fasting or fed with high-fat, high-sucrose diet. Importantly, Pro615 hydroxylation of CRTC2 by PHD3 is increased in livers of fasted mice, diet-induced insulin resistance or genetically obese ob/ob mice, and humans with diabetes. These findings increase our understanding of molecular mechanisms linking protein hydroxylation to gluconeogenesis and may offer therapeutic potential for treating excessive gluconeogenesis, hyperglycemia, and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Aoyuan Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Shuang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Fengguang Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Zhengshuai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Xia Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan646000, China
| | | | - Xiaoyang Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Zhimin Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Genxiang Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Weitong Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Jiuxiang Zhao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Xi Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Chenlin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan646000, China
| | - Jian Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan646000, China
| | - Haibing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Hong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Xu Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan646000, China
| | - Wenguang Fu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan646000, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao266071, China
| | - Yu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
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16
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Lees J, Hay J, Moles MW, Michie AM. The discrete roles of individual FOXO transcription factor family members in B-cell malignancies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1179101. [PMID: 37275916 PMCID: PMC10233034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1179101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box (FOX) class O (FOXO) proteins are a dynamic family of transcription factors composed of four family members: FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4 and FOXO6. As context-dependent transcriptional activators and repressors, the FOXO family regulates diverse cellular processes including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, metabolism, longevity and cell fate determination. A central pathway responsible for negative regulation of FOXO activity is the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signalling pathway, enabling cell survival and proliferation. FOXO family members can be further regulated by distinct kinases, both positively (e.g., JNK, AMPK) and negatively (e.g., ERK-MAPK, CDK2), with additional post-translational modifications further impacting on FOXO activity. Evidence has suggested that FOXOs behave as 'bona fide' tumour suppressors, through transcriptional programmes regulating several cellular behaviours including cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, an alternative paradigm has emerged which indicates that FOXOs operate as mediators of cellular homeostasis and/or resistance in both 'normal' and pathophysiological scenarios. Distinct FOXO family members fulfil discrete roles during normal B cell maturation and function, and it is now clear that FOXOs are aberrantly expressed and mutated in discrete B-cell malignancies. While active FOXO function is generally associated with disease suppression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia for example, FOXO expression is associated with disease progression in diffuse large B cell lymphoma, an observation also seen in other cancers. The opposing functions of the FOXO family drives the debate about the circumstances in which FOXOs favour or hinder disease progression, and whether targeting FOXO-mediated processes would be effective in the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Here, we discuss the disparate roles of FOXO family members in B lineage cells, the regulatory events that influence FOXO function focusing mainly on post-translational modifications, and consider the potential for future development of therapies that target FOXO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alison M. Michie
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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17
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Naz R, Saqib F, Awadallah S, Wahid M, Latif MF, Iqbal I, Mubarak MS. Food Polyphenols and Type II Diabetes Mellitus: Pharmacology and Mechanisms. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28103996. [PMID: 37241737 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28103996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus and its related complications are growing public health problems. Many natural products present in our diet, including polyphenols, can be used in treating and managing type II diabetes mellitus and different diseases, owing to their numerous biological properties. Anthocyanins, flavonols, stilbenes, curcuminoids, hesperidin, hesperetin, naringenin, and phenolic acids are common polyphenols found in blueberries, chokeberries, sea-buckthorn, mulberries, turmeric, citrus fruits, and cereals. These compounds exhibit antidiabetic effects through different pathways. Accordingly, this review presents an overview of the most recent developments in using food polyphenols for managing and treating type II diabetes mellitus, along with various mechanisms. In addition, the present work summarizes the literature about the anti-diabetic effect of food polyphenols and evaluates their potential as complementary or alternative medicines to treat type II diabetes mellitus. Results obtained from this survey show that anthocyanins, flavonols, stilbenes, curcuminoids, and phenolic acids can manage diabetes mellitus by protecting pancreatic β-cells against glucose toxicity, promoting β-cell proliferation, reducing β-cell apoptosis, and inhibiting α-glucosidases or α-amylase. In addition, these phenolic compounds exhibit antioxidant anti-inflammatory activities, modulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, optimize oxidative stress, reduce insulin resistance, and stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin. They also activate insulin signaling and inhibit digestive enzymes, regulate intestinal microbiota, improve adipose tissue metabolism, inhibit glucose absorption, and inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products. However, insufficient data are available on the effective mechanisms necessary to manage diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Naz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Samir Awadallah
- Department of Medical Lab Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Muqeet Wahid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhaj Latif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Iram Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
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18
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Khan MS, Kim HS, Kim R, Yoon SH, Kim SG. Dysregulated Liver Metabolism and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087454. [PMID: 37108615 PMCID: PMC10138914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant fraction of couples around the world suffer from polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a disease defined by the characteristics of enhanced androgen synthesis in ovarian theca cells, hyperandrogenemia, and ovarian dysfunction in women. Most of the clinically observable symptoms and altered blood biomarker levels in the patients indicate metabolic dysregulation and adaptive changes as the key underlying mechanisms. Since the liver is the metabolic hub of the body and is involved in steroid-hormonal detoxification, pathological changes in the liver may contribute to female endocrine disruption, potentially through the liver-to-ovary axis. Of particular interest are hyperglycemic challenges and the consequent changes in liver-secretory protein(s) and insulin sensitivity affecting the maturation of ovarian follicles, potentially leading to female infertility. The purpose of this review is to provide insight into emerging metabolic mechanisms underlying PCOS as the primary culprit, which promote its incidence and aggravation. Additionally, this review aims to summarize medications and new potential therapeutic approaches for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohaib Khan
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University Ilsan Medical Center, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ranhee Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University Ilsan Medical Center, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University Ilsan Medical Center, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University Medical College, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
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19
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Tao Z, Cheng Z. Hormonal regulation of metabolism-recent lessons learned from insulin and estrogen. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:415-434. [PMID: 36942499 PMCID: PMC10031253 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Hormonal signaling plays key roles in tissue and metabolic homeostasis. Accumulated evidence has revealed a great deal of insulin and estrogen signaling pathways and their interplays in the regulation of mitochondrial, cellular remodeling, and macronutrient metabolism. Insulin signaling regulates nutrient and mitochondrial metabolism by targeting the IRS-PI3K-Akt-FoxOs signaling cascade and PGC1α. Estrogen signaling fine-tunes protein turnover and mitochondrial metabolism through its receptors (ERα, ERβ, and GPER). Insulin and estrogen signaling converge on Sirt1, mTOR, and PI3K in the joint regulation of autophagy and mitochondrial metabolism. Dysregulated insulin and estrogen signaling lead to metabolic diseases. This article reviews the up-to-date evidence that depicts the pathways of insulin signaling and estrogen-ER signaling in the regulation of metabolism. In addition, we discuss the cross-talk between estrogen signaling and insulin signaling via Sirt1, mTOR, and PI3K, as well as new therapeutic options such as agonists of GLP1 receptor, GIP receptor, and β3-AR. Mapping the molecular pathways of insulin signaling, estrogen signaling, and their interplays advances our understanding of metabolism and discovery of new therapeutic options for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Tao
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Zhiyong Cheng
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A
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20
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Tsuchiya K. Cardiovascular complications in insulin resistance and endocrine diseases. Endocr J 2023; 70:249-257. [PMID: 36754416 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej22-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases, such as stroke and cardiovascular disease, are one of the leading causes of death in Japan. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes and an important risk factor for these diseases. Among various pathological conditions associated with type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance has already been reported to be an important risk factor for diabetic complications. The major sites of insulin action in glucose metabolism in the body include the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. However, insulin signaling molecules are also constitutively expressed in vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle, and monocytes/macrophages. Forkhead box class O family member proteins (FoxOs) of transcription factors play important roles in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress response and redox signaling, and cell cycle progression and apoptosis. FoxOs in vascular endothelial cells strongly promote arteriosclerosis by suppressing nitric oxide production, enhancing inflammatory response, and promoting cellular senescence. In addition, primary aldosteronism and Cushing's syndrome are known to have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, apart from hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. In the treatment of endocrine disorders, hormonal normalization by surgical treatment and receptor antagonists play an important role in preventing cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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21
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Ramatchandirin B, Pearah A, He L. Regulation of Liver Glucose and Lipid Metabolism by Transcriptional Factors and Coactivators. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020515. [PMID: 36836874 PMCID: PMC9962321 DOI: 10.3390/life13020515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) worldwide is on the rise and NAFLD is becoming the most common cause of chronic liver disease. In the USA, NAFLD affects over 30% of the population, with similar occurrence rates reported from Europe and Asia. This is due to the global increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) because patients with obesity and T2DM commonly have NAFLD, and patients with NAFLD are often obese and have T2DM with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia as well as hypertriglyceridemia. Excessive accumulation of triglycerides is a hallmark of NAFLD and NAFLD is now recognized as the liver disease component of metabolic syndrome. Liver glucose and lipid metabolisms are intertwined and carbon flux can be used to generate glucose or lipids; therefore, in this review we discuss the important transcription factors and coactivators that regulate glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexia Pearah
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-502-5765; Fax: +1-410-502-5779
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22
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De Sousa-Coelho AL, Gacias M, O'Neill BT, Relat J, Link W, Haro D, Marrero PF. FOXO1 represses PPARα-Mediated induction of FGF21 gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 644:122-129. [PMID: 36640666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has emerged as a metabolic regulator that exerts potent anti-diabetic and lipid-lowering effects in animal models of obesity and type 2 diabetes, showing a protective role in fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Hepatic expression of FGF21 is regulated by PPARα and is induced by fasting. Ablation of FoxO1 in liver has been shown to increase FGF21 expression in hyperglycemia. To better understand the role of FOXO1 in the regulation of FGF21 expression we have modified HepG2 human hepatoma cells to overexpress FoxO1 and PPARα. Here we show that FoxO1 represses PPARα-mediated FGF21 induction, and that the repression acts on the FGF21 gene promoter without affecting other PPARα target genes. Additionally, we demonstrate that FoxO1 physically interacts with PPARα and that FoxO1/3/4 depletion in skeletal muscle contributes to increased Fgf21 tissue levels. Taken together, these data indicate that FOXO1 is a PPARα-interacting protein that antagonizes PPARα activity on the FGF21 promoter. Because other PPARα target genes remained unaffected, these results suggest a highly specific mechanism implicated in FGF21 regulation. We conclude that FGF21 can be specifically modulated by FOXO1 in a PPARα-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa De Sousa-Coelho
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Edifício 2, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Campus de Gambelas, Edifício 2, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Escola Superior de Saúde, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Edifício 1, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Mar Gacias
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Brian T O'Neill
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, 52242, Iowa, USA
| | - Joana Relat
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), E-08921, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Link
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Haro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro F Marrero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Asghar A, Sharif A, Awan SJ, Akhtar B, Akhtar MF, Ali S, Shahnaz. "Ficus johannis Boiss. leaves ethanolic extract ameliorate streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats by upregulating the expressions of GCK, GLUT4, and IGF and downregulating G6P". ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:49108-49124. [PMID: 36773254 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The leaves of Ficus johannis Boiss (F. johannis), commonly known as Fig tree, Anjir, and Teen, are used by the folk medicinal practitioners in Iran for controlling hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. This study investigated the pharmacological basis for antidiabetic effect of the ethanolic extract of F. johannis leaves using in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Qualitative screening of phytochemicals, estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and in vitro antioxidant and α-amylase inhibition assays were performed. Moreover, the High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quantification, acute toxicity, glucose tolerance, and in vivo antidiabetic effect along with the evaluation of gene expressions involved in diabetes mellitus were carried out. Significant quantities of phenolic (71.208 ± 2.89 mgg-1 GAE) and flavonoid (26.38 ± 3.53 mgg-1 QE) were present. Inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the plant extract exhibited an excellent in vitro antioxidant (IC50 = 33.81 µg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50 = 12.18 µg/mL) inhibitory potential. The HPLC analysis confirmed the gallic acid (257.79 mgg-1) as main constituent of the extract followed by kaempferol (22.86 mgg-1), myricetin (0.16 mgg-1), and quercetin (3.22 mgg-1). Ethanolic extract displayed glucose tolerance in normo-glycemic rats. Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia declined dose dependently in the extract treated rats with improvement in lipid profile and liver and renal function biomarkers. The F. johannis-treated groups showed an increase in mRNA expressions of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4), glucokinase, insulin growth like factor 1 and peroxisomal proliferator activating receptor gamma in pancreas. However, the Glucose-6-phosphatase was downregulated. Present study suggests that the ethanolic extract of F. johannis leaves demonstrates a good anti-diabetic profile by improving insulin sensitivity, GLUT-4 translocation, and carbohydrate metabolism while inhibiting lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Asghar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, 1Km- Off Defense Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Sana Javaid Awan
- Department of Zoology, Kinnaird College for Women Lahore, 1Km- Off Defense Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shahnaz
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan
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24
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Tranilast protects pancreatic β-cells from palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity via FoxO-1 inhibition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:101. [PMID: 36596838 PMCID: PMC9810694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tranilast, an anti-allergic drug used in the treatment of bronchial asthma, was identified as an inhibitor of the transcription factor Forkhead box O-1 (FoxO-1) by high throughput chemical library screening in the present study. Based on FoxO-1's role in apoptotic cell death and differentiation, we examined the effect of tranilast on palmitic acid (PA)-induced cell damage in INS-1 cells. Tranilast substantially inhibited lipoapoptosis and restored glucose-stimulated insulin secretion under high PA exposure. Moreover, PA-mediated downregulation of PDX-1, MafA, and insulin expression was attenuated by tranilast. PA-induced oxidative and ER stress were also reduced in the presence of tranilast. These protective effects were accompanied by increased phosphorylation and decreased nuclear translocation of FoxO-1. Conversely, the effects of tranilast were diminished when treated in transfected cells with FoxO-1 phosphorylation mutant (S256A), suggesting that the tranilast-mediated effects are associated with inactivation of FoxO-1. Examination of the in vivo effects of tranilast using wild type and diabetic db/db mice showed improved glucose tolerance along with FoxO-1 inactivation in the pancreas of the tranilast-treated groups. Thus, we report here that tranilast has protective effects against PA-induced lipotoxic stress in INS-1 cells, at least partly, via FoxO-1 inactivation, which results in improved glucose tolerance in vivo.
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25
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Kitamoto T, Lee YK, Sultana N, Watanabe H, McKimpson WM, Du W, Fan J, Diaz B, Lin HV, Leibel RL, Belvedere S, Accili D, Accili D. Chemical induction of gut β-like-cells by combined FoxO1/Notch inhibition as a glucose-lowering treatment for diabetes. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101624. [PMID: 36341906 PMCID: PMC9664469 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lifelong insulin replacement remains the mainstay of type 1 diabetes treatment. Genetic FoxO1 ablation promotes enteroendocrine cell (EECs) conversion into glucose-responsive β-like cells. Here, we tested whether chemical FoxO1 inhibitors can generate β-like gut cells. METHODS We used Ngn3-or Villin-driven FoxO1 ablation to capture the distinctive developmental effects of FoxO1 on EEC pool. We combined FoxO1 ablation with Notch inhibition to enhance the expansion of EEC pool. We tested the ability of an orally available small molecule of FoxO1 inhibitor, Cpd10, to phenocopy genetic ablation of FoxO1. We evaluated the therapeutic impact of genetic ablation or chemical inhibition of FoxO1 on insulin-deficient diabetes in Ins2Akita/+ mice. RESULTS Pan-intestinal epithelial FoxO1 ablation expanded the EEC pool, induced β-like cells, and improved glucose tolerance in Ins2Akita/+ mice. This genetic effect was phenocopied by Cpd10. Cpd10 induced β-like cells that released insulin in response to glucose in gut organoids, and this effect was enhanced by the Notch inhibitor, DBZ. In Ins2Akita/+ mice, a five-day course of either Cpd10 or DBZ induced intestinal insulin-immunoreactive β-like cells, lowered glycemia, and increased plasma insulin levels without apparent adverse effects. CONCLUSION These results provide proof of principle of gut cell conversion into β-like cells by a small molecule FoxO1 inhibitor, paving the way for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kitamoto
- Department of Medicine and Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan, 2608670.
| | | | - Nishat Sultana
- Department of Pediatrics Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hitoshi Watanabe
- Department of Medicine and Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wendy M McKimpson
- Department of Medicine and Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wen Du
- Department of Medicine and Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jason Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Bryan Diaz
- Department of Pediatrics Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hua V Lin
- BioFront Therapeutics, Beijing, China
| | - Rudolph L Leibel
- Department of Pediatrics Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Domenico Accili
- Department of Medicine and Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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26
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Domínguez-Castro M, Domínguez-Galicia A, Pérez-Pérez O, Hernández-Pineda J, Mancilla-Herrera I, Bazán-Tejeda ML, Rodríguez-Cruz L, González-Torres MC, Montoya-Estrada A, Reyes-Muñoz E, Romo-Yáñez J. Hyperglycemia affects neuronal differentiation and Nestin, FOXO1, and LMO3 mRNA expression of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells of children from diabetic mothers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 637:300-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Tsuchiya K. Role of insulin action in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Diabetol Int 2022; 13:591-598. [PMID: 36117926 PMCID: PMC9477992 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-022-00601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Among the various pathological conditions associated with type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance has long been reported to be a potent risk factor for diabetic complications. The liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue are the major organs of action of insulin in systemic glucose metabolism, but insulin receptors and their downstream insulin signaling molecules are also constitutively expressed in vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle, and monocytes/macrophages. Forkhead box class O family member proteins (FoxOs) of transcription factors are essential regulators of cellular homeostasis, including glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress response and redox signaling, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. In vascular endothelial cells, FoxOs strongly promote atherosclerosis via suppressing nitric oxide production and enhancing inflammatory responses. In liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, FoxOs induces hepatic insulin resistance by inducing nitration of insulin receptor in hepatocytes. Insulin resistance in adipose tissue limits capacity of lipid accumulation in adipose tissue, which promotes ectopic lipid accumulation and organ dysfunction in liver, vascular, and kidney. Modulation of insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue to induce healthy adipose expansion is expected to be a promising strategy for diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 4093898 Japan
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28
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Gliozzi M, Macrì R, Coppoletta AR, Musolino V, Carresi C, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, Guarnieri L, Cardamone A, Ruga S, Scarano F, Nucera S, Mollace R, Bava I, Caminiti R, Serra M, Maiuolo J, Palma E, Mollace V. From Diabetes Care to Heart Failure Management: A Potential Therapeutic Approach Combining SGLT2 Inhibitors and Plant Extracts. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183737. [PMID: 36145112 PMCID: PMC9504067 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex chronic disease, and among the affected patients, cardiovascular disease (CVD)is the most common cause of death. Consequently, the evidence for the cardiovascular benefit of glycaemic control may reduce long-term CVD rates. Over the years, multiple pharmacological approaches aimed at controlling blood glucose levels were unable to significantly reduce diabetes-related cardiovascular events. In this view, a therapeutic strategy combining SGLT2 inhibitors and plant extracts might represent a promising solution. Indeed, countering the main cardiometabolic risk factor using plant extracts could potentiate the cardioprotective action of SGLT2 inhibitors. This review highlights the main molecular mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects that could contribute to the better management of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Gliozzi
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (C.C.); Tel./Fax: +39-0961-3694301 (V.M. & C.C.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (C.C.); Tel./Fax: +39-0961-3694301 (V.M. & C.C.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Irene Bava
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Caminiti
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Serra
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Lamezia Terme, 88046 Catanzaro, Italy
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29
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Zhang B, Zhu R, Sun X, Guo Q, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Oh Y, Fan L, Wang C, Gu N. Fatty acid palmitate suppresses FoxO1 expression via PERK and IRE1 unfolded protein response in C2C12 myotubes. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 85:105459. [PMID: 36030031 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1) is a transcription factor with a unique fork head domain that indirectly participates in a variety of physiological processes and plays an important role in type 2 diabetes. Palmitate as the most abundant free fatty acid, accounting for 28-32% of total free fatty acids in human plasma. There is a direct relationship between palmitate and insulin resistance-induced type 2 diabetes. In addition, palmitate can activate the unfolded protein response signaling pathway induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This study aimed to investigate the response of FoxO1 to palmitate and the relationship with ER stress in C2C12 myotubes. Treatment of palmitate or tunicamycin promoted ER stress-related genes expression but suppressed FoxO1 expression, while 4-phenylbutyrate presented the opposite activity in palmitate-pretreated C2C12 myotubes, indicating that ER stress might be closely associated with FoxO1 expression. Moreover, palmitate-suppressed FoxO1 expression was reversed in C2C12 cells when the PERK and IRE-1 signaling pathway was inhibited by treatment with GSK2656157 or 4μ8C. However, no differences were observed when the ATF6 signaling pathway was suppressed by knockout of the ATF6 gene. These findings suggest that palmitate suppressed FoxO1 expression via the PERK and IRE1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Ruijiao Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Nanxi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yuri Oh
- Faculty of Education, Wakayama University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Changlin Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
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30
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Tao Y, Jiang Q, Wang Q. Adipose tissue macrophages in remote modulation of hepatic glucose production. Front Immunol 2022; 13:998947. [PMID: 36091076 PMCID: PMC9449693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.998947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic glucose production (HGP) is fine-regulated via glycogenolysis or gluconeogenesis to maintain physiological concentration of blood glucose during fasting-feeding cycle. Aberrant HGP leads to hyperglycemia in obesity-associated diabetes. Adipose tissue cooperates with the liver to regulate glycolipid metabolism. During these processes, adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) change their profiles with various physio-pathological settings, producing diverse effects on HGP. Here, we briefly review the distinct phenotypes of ATMs under different nutrition states including feeding, fasting or overnutrition, and detail their effects on HGP. We discuss several pathways by which ATMs regulate hepatic gluconeogenesis or glycogenolysis, leading to favorable or unfavorable metabolic consequences. Furthermore, we summarize emerging therapeutic targets to correct metabolic disorders in morbid obesity or diabetes based on ATM-HGP axis. This review puts forward the importance and flexibility of ATMs in regulating HGP, proposing ATM-based HGP modulation as a potential therapeutic approach for obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction.
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31
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Kokaji T, Eto M, Hatano A, Yugi K, Morita K, Ohno S, Fujii M, Hironaka KI, Ito Y, Egami R, Uematsu S, Terakawa A, Pan Y, Maehara H, Li D, Bai Y, Tsuchiya T, Ozaki H, Inoue H, Kubota H, Suzuki Y, Hirayama A, Soga T, Kuroda S. In vivo transomic analyses of glucose-responsive metabolism in skeletal muscle reveal core differences between the healthy and obese states. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13719. [PMID: 35962137 PMCID: PMC9374747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17964-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic regulation in skeletal muscle is essential for blood glucose homeostasis. Obesity causes insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, leading to hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we performed multiomic analysis of the skeletal muscle of wild-type (WT) and leptin-deficient obese (ob/ob) mice, and constructed regulatory transomic networks for metabolism after oral glucose administration. Our network revealed that metabolic regulation by glucose-responsive metabolites had a major effect on WT mice, especially carbohydrate metabolic pathways. By contrast, in ob/ob mice, much of the metabolic regulation by glucose-responsive metabolites was lost and metabolic regulation by glucose-responsive genes was largely increased, especially in carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways. We present some characteristic metabolic regulatory pathways found in central carbon, branched amino acids, and ketone body metabolism. Our transomic analysis will provide insights into how skeletal muscle responds to changes in blood glucose and how it fails to respond in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Kokaji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Miki Eto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hatano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Omics and Systems Biology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Ichibancho, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Yugi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Fujisawa, 252-8520, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Keigo Morita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohno
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Molecular Genetics Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujii
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Molecular Genetics Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hironaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuki Ito
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan.,Division of Integrated Omics, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Riku Egami
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Saori Uematsu
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Akira Terakawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yifei Pan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Hideki Maehara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Dongzi Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yunfan Bai
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Takaho Tsuchiya
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.,Center for Artificial Intelligence Research, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Haruka Ozaki
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.,Center for Artificial Intelligence Research, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inoue
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kubota
- Division of Integrated Omics, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Shinya Kuroda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan. .,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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32
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Oster M, Galhuber M, Krstic J, Steinhoff JS, Lenihan-Geels G, Wulff S, Kiefer MF, Petricek KM, Wowro SJ, Flores RE, Yang N, Li C, Meng Y, Reinisch I, Sommerfeld M, Weger S, Habisch H, Madl T, Schulz TJ, Prokesch A, Schupp M. Hepatic p53 is regulated by transcription factor FOXO1 and acutely controls glycogen homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102287. [PMID: 35868560 PMCID: PMC9399478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is involved in the adaptation of hepatic metabolism to nutrient availability. Acute deletion of p53 in the mouse liver affects hepatic glucose and triglyceride metabolism. However, long-term adaptations upon the loss of hepatic p53 and its transcriptional regulators are unknown. Here we show that short-term, but not chronic, liver-specific deletion of p53 in mice reduces liver glycogen levels, and we implicate the transcription factor forkhead box O1 protein (FOXO1) in the regulation of p53 and its target genes. We demonstrate that acute p53 deletion prevents glycogen accumulation upon refeeding, whereas a chronic loss of p53 associates with a compensational activation of the glycogen synthesis pathway. Moreover, we identify fasting-activated FOXO1 as a repressor of p53 transcription in hepatocytes. We show that this repression is relieved by inactivation of FOXO1 by insulin, which likely mediates the upregulation of p53 expression upon refeeding. Strikingly, we find that high-fat diet–induced insulin resistance with persistent FOXO1 activation not only blunted the regulation of p53 but also the induction of p53 target genes like p21 during fasting, indicating overlapping effects of both FOXO1 and p53 on target gene expression in a context-dependent manner. Thus, we conclude that p53 acutely controls glycogen storage in the liver and is linked to insulin signaling via FOXO1, which has important implications for our understanding of the hepatic adaptation to nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Oster
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal (CMR)- Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Galhuber
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism & Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jelena Krstic
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism & Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia S Steinhoff
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal (CMR)- Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgia Lenihan-Geels
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sascha Wulff
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal (CMR)- Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie F Kiefer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal (CMR)- Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin M Petricek
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal (CMR)- Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia J Wowro
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal (CMR)- Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roberto E Flores
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal (CMR)- Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Na Yang
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal (CMR)- Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chen Li
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal (CMR)- Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yueming Meng
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal (CMR)- Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabel Reinisch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism & Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Manuela Sommerfeld
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal (CMR)- Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Weger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Habisch
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - Tim J Schulz
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Andreas Prokesch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism & Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Schupp
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal (CMR)- Research Center, Berlin, Germany.
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33
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Peng J, Qin C, Ramatchandirin B, Pearah A, Guo S, Hussain M, Yu L, Wondisford FE, He L. Activation of the canonical ER Stress IRE1-XBP1 Pathway by Insulin Regulates Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102283. [PMID: 35863429 PMCID: PMC9396404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Knockout of the transcription factor X-box binding protein (XBP1) is known to decrease liver glucose production and lipogenesis. However, whether insulin can regulate gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis through XBP1 and how insulin activates the inositol-requiring enzyme-XBP1 ER stress pathway remains unexplored. Here, we report that in the fed state, insulin-activated kinase AKT directly phosphorylates inositol-requiring enzyme 1 at S724, which in turn mediates the splicing of XBP1u mRNA, thus favoring the generation of the spliced form, XBP1s, in the liver of mice. Subsequently, XBP1s stimulate the expression of lipogenic genes and upregulates liver lipogenesis as previously reported. Intriguingly, we find that fasting leads to an increase in XBP1u along with a drastic decrease in XBP1s in the liver of mice, and XBP1u, not XBP1s, significantly increases PKA-stimulated CRE reporter activity in cultured hepatocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that overexpression of XBP1u significantly increases cAMP-stimulated expression of rate-limiting gluconeogenic genes, G6pc and Pck1, and glucose production in primary hepatocytes. Reexpression of XBP1u in the liver of mice with XBP1 depletion significantly increases fasting blood glucose levels and gluconeogenic gene expression. These data support an important role of XBP1u in upregulating gluconeogenesis in the fasted state. Taken together, we reveal that insulin signaling via AKT controls the expression of XBP1 isoforms and that XBP1u and XBP1s function in different nutritional states to regulate liver gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Peng
- Departments of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Caolitao Qin
- Departments of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | | | - Alexia Pearah
- Departments of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Shaodong Guo
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, TX 77843
| | - Mehboob Hussain
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Liqing Yu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Fredric E Wondisford
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Ling He
- Departments of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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34
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Liebmann M, Asuaje Pfeifer M, Grupe K, Scherneck S. Estradiol (E2) Improves Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Stabilizes GDM Progression in a Prediabetic Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126693. [PMID: 35743136 PMCID: PMC9223537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Female New Zealand obese (NZO) mice are an established model of preconceptional (pc.) prediabetes that progresses as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during gestation. It is known that NZO mice show improvement in insulin sensitivity and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) during gestation in vivo. The latter is no longer detectable in ex vivo perifusion experiments in isolated islets of Langerhans, suggesting a modulation by extrapancreatic factors. Here, we demonstrated that plasma 17β-estradiol (E2) levels increased markedly in NZO mice during gestation. The aim of this work was to determine whether these increased E2 levels are responsible for the improvement in metabolism during gestation. To achieve this goal, we examined its effects in isolated islets and primary hepatocytes of both NZO and metabolically healthy NMRI mice. E2 increased GSIS in the islets of both strains significantly. Hepatic glucose production (HGP) failed to be decreased by insulin in NZO hepatocytes but was reduced by E2 in both strains. Hepatocytes of pregnant NZO mice showed significantly lower glucose uptake (HGU) compared with NMRI controls, whereby E2 stimulation diminished this difference. Hepatocytes of pregnant NZO showed reduced glycogen content, increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, and reduced AKT activation. These differences were abolished after E2 stimulation. In conclusion, our data indicate that E2 stabilizes and prevents deterioration of the metabolic state of the prediabetic NZO mice. E2 particularly increases GSIS and improves hepatic glucose utilization to a lower extent.
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35
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Luo K, Huang W, Qiao L, Zhang X, Yan D, Ning Z, Ma C, Dang H, Wang D, Guo H, Xie L, Cheng J. Dendrocalamus latiflorus and its component rutin exhibit glucose-lowering activities by inhibiting hepatic glucose production via AKT activation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2239-2251. [PMID: 35646547 PMCID: PMC9136573 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential medicinal value of Ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus), one of the most popular and economically important bamboo species in China, has been underestimated. In the present study, we found that D. latiflorus leaf extract (DLE) reduced fasting blood glucose levels, body weight, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with low liver toxicity in db/db mice. In addition, gene expression profiling was performed and pathway enrichment analysis showed that DLE affected metabolic pathways. Importantly, DLE activated the AKT signaling pathway and reduced glucose production by downregulating glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) expression. Moreover, network pharmacology analysis identified rutin as an active component in DLE through targeting insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), an upstream signaling transducer of AKT. Due to its hypoglycemic effects and low toxicity, DLE may be considered an adjuvant treatment option for type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liansheng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Di Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhiyu Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chengmei Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Honglei Dang
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 10 80726868; fax: +86 10 80726898
| | - Jing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 10 80726868; fax: +86 10 80726898
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36
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The protective effect of resveratrol on diazinon‐induced oxidative stress and glucose hemostasis disorder in rats' liver. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23063. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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37
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Norton L, Shannon C, Gastaldelli A, DeFronzo RA. Insulin: The master regulator of glucose metabolism. Metabolism 2022; 129:155142. [PMID: 35066003 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin is the master regulator of glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. Following ingestion of an oral glucose load or mixed meal, the plasma glucose concentration rises, insulin secretion by the beta cells is stimulated and the hyperinsulinemia, working in concert with hyperglycemia, causes: (i) suppression of endogenous (primarily reflects hepatic) glucose production, (ii) stimulation of glucose uptake by muscle, liver, and adipocytes, (iii) inhibition of lipolysis leading to a decline in plasma FFA concentration which contributes to the suppression of hepatic glucose production and augmentation of muscle glucose uptake, and (iv) vasodilation in muscle, which contributes to enhanced muscle glucose disposal. Herein, the integrated physiologic impact of insulin to maintain normal glucose homeostasis is reviewed and the molecular basis of insulin's diverse actions in muscle, liver, adipocytes, and vasculature are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Norton
- Diabetes Division, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Chris Shannon
- Diabetes Division, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Diabetes Division, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, United States of America; Cardiometabolic Risk Unit Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Diabetes Division, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, United States of America.
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Li F, Gao J, Kohls W, Geng X, Ding Y. Perspectives on benefit of early and prereperfusion hypothermia by pharmacological approach in stroke. Brain Circ 2022; 8:69-75. [PMID: 35909706 PMCID: PMC9336590 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_27_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke kills or disables approximately 15 million people worldwide each year. It is the leading cause of brain injury, resulting in persistent neurological deficits and profound physical handicaps. In spite of over 100 clinical trials, stroke treatment modalities are limited in applicability and efficacy, and therefore, identification of new therapeutic modalities is required to combat this growing problem. Poststroke oxidative damage and lactic acidosis are widely-recognized forms of brain ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, treatments directed at these injury mechanisms have not been effective. In this review, we offer a novel approach combining these well-established damage mechanisms with new insights into brain glucose handling. Specifically, emerging evidence of brain gluconeogenesis provides a missing link for understanding oxidative injury and lactate toxicity after ischemia. Therefore, dysfunctional gluconeogenesis may substantially contribute to oxidative and lactate damage. We further review that hypothermia initiated early in ischemia and before reperfusion may ameliorate gluconeogenic dysfunction and subsequently provide an important mechanism of hypothermic protection. We will focus on the efficacy of pharmacologically assisted hypothermia and suggest a combination that minimizes side effects. Together, this study will advance our knowledge of basic mechanisms of ischemic damage and apply this knowledge to develop new therapeutic strategies that are desperately needed in the clinical treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwu Li
- Department of Neurology, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Neurology, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wesley Kohls
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- Department of Neurology, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Neurology, China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Hussain S, Yadav SS, Dwivedi P, Banerjee M, Usman K, Nath R, Khattri S. SNPs of FOXO1 and Their Interactions Contributes to the Enhanced Risk of Diabetes Among Elderly Individuals. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:381-389. [PMID: 35325578 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have assessed the impact of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1) and their interaction on susceptibility of type 2 diabetes mellitus in geriatric population from northern India. We genotyped three SNPs (rs2721068, rs17446614, and rs4581585) of FOXO1 gene in 190 elderly individuals with diabetes and 182 unrelated healthy controls of similar ethnicity by using TaqMan SNP assays. SNP-SNP and SNP-environment interactions among polymorphic loci were studied by the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. The AA genotype carriers of rs17446614 was associated with the increased susceptibility of diabetes in both adjusted and unadjusted model, whereas rs4581585 was associated with the risk in unadjusted model only. Genotype and minor allele interaction with quantitative parameters revealed that AA genotype of rs17446614 had significantly higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in diabetic subjects, also minor allele (A) in patients was positively associated with FPG and glycated hemoglobin. Haplotype Trs2721068Grs17446614Trs4581585 increases the risk of diabetes, whereas carrier of haplotypes Crs2721068Grs17446614Crs4581585 and Crs2721068 Grs17446614Trs4581585 were protective. The MDR analysis revealed that interaction of rs17446614 with body mass index (BMI) increased the susceptibility of diabetes. Therefore presence of rs17446614 variant and its interaction with BMI and haplotype Trs2721068Grs17446614Trs4581585 modulates the risk of diabetes and can be used as a promising tool for identifying high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sartaj Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,ICMR-RMRC, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suraj Singh Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Monisha Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kauser Usman
- Department of Medicine, King George's Medical University Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendra Nath
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Khattri
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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40
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Cao Y, Xia Y, Balowski JJ, Ou J, Song L, Safi A, Curtis T, Crawford GE, Poss KD, Cao J. Identification of enhancer regulatory elements that direct epicardial gene expression during zebrafish heart regeneration. Development 2022; 149:dev200133. [PMID: 35179181 PMCID: PMC8918790 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The epicardium is a mesothelial tissue layer that envelops the heart. Cardiac injury activates dynamic gene expression programs in epicardial tissue, which in zebrafish enables subsequent regeneration through paracrine and vascularizing effects. To identify tissue regeneration enhancer elements (TREEs) that control injury-induced epicardial gene expression during heart regeneration, we profiled transcriptomes and chromatin accessibility in epicardial cells purified from regenerating zebrafish hearts. We identified hundreds of candidate TREEs, which are defined by increased chromatin accessibility of non-coding elements near genes with increased expression during regeneration. Several of these candidate TREEs were incorporated into stable transgenic lines, with five out of six elements directing injury-induced epicardial expression but not ontogenetic epicardial expression in larval hearts. Whereas two independent TREEs linked to the gene gnai3 showed similar functional features of gene regulation in transgenic lines, two independent ncam1a-linked TREEs directed distinct spatiotemporal domains of epicardial gene expression. Thus, multiple TREEs linked to a regeneration gene can possess either matching or complementary regulatory controls. Our study provides a new resource and principles for understanding the regulation of epicardial genetic programs during heart regeneration. This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yu Xia
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Joseph J. Balowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jianhong Ou
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lingyun Song
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Alexias Safi
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Timothy Curtis
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gregory E. Crawford
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jingli Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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41
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Parkman GL, Foth M, Kircher DA, Holmen SL, McMahon M. The role of PI3'-lipid signalling in melanoma initiation, progression and maintenance. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:43-56. [PMID: 34717019 PMCID: PMC8724390 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate the 3' hydroxyl (OH) of the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositides (PI). Through their downstream effectors, PI3K generated lipids (PI3K-lipids hereafter) such as PI(3,4,5)P3 and PI(3,4)P2 regulate myriad biochemical and biological processes in both normal and cancer cells including responses to growth hormones and cytokines; the cell division cycle; cell death; cellular growth; angiogenesis; membrane dynamics; and autophagy and many aspects of cellular metabolism. Engagement of receptor tyrosine kinase by their cognate ligands leads to activation of members of the Class I family of PI3'-kinases (PI3Kα, β, δ & γ) leading to accumulation of PI3K-lipids. Importantly, PI3K-lipid accumulation is antagonized by the hydrolytic action of a number of PI3K-lipid phosphatases, most notably the melanoma suppressor PTEN (lipid phosphatase and tensin homologue). Downstream of PI3K-lipid production, the protein kinases AKT1-3 are believed to be key effectors of PI3'-kinase signalling in cells. Indeed, in preclinical models, activation of the PI3K→AKT signalling axis cooperates with alterations such as expression of the BRAFV600E oncoprotein kinase to promote melanoma progression and metastasis. In this review, we describe the different classes of PI3K-lipid effectors, and how they may promote melanomagenesis, influence the tumour microenvironment, melanoma maintenance and progression to metastatic disease. We also provide an update on both FDA-approved or experimental inhibitors of the PI3K→AKT pathway that are currently being evaluated for the treatment of melanoma either in preclinical models or in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennie L. Parkman
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mona Foth
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - David A. Kircher
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sheri L. Holmen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Martin McMahon
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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42
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Takeuchi Y, Yahagi N, Aita Y, Mehrazad-Saber Z, Ho MH, Huyan Y, Murayama Y, Shikama A, Masuda Y, Izumida Y, Miyamoto T, Matsuzaka T, Kawakami Y, Shimano H. FoxO-KLF15 pathway switches the flow of macronutrients under the control of insulin. iScience 2021; 24:103446. [PMID: 34988390 PMCID: PMC8710527 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KLF15 is a transcription factor that plays an important role in the activation of gluconeogenesis from amino acids as well as the suppression of lipogenesis from glucose. Here we identified the transcription start site of liver-specific KLF15 transcript and showed that FoxO1/3 transcriptionally regulates Klf15 gene expression by directly binding to the liver-specific Klf15 promoter. To achieve this, we performed a precise in vivo promoter analysis combined with the genome-wide transcription-factor-screening method "TFEL scan", using our original Transcription Factor Expression Library (TFEL), which covers nearly all the transcription factors in the mouse genome. Hepatic Klf15 expression is significantly increased via FoxOs by attenuating insulin signaling. Furthermore, FoxOs elevate the expression levels of amino acid catabolic enzymes and suppress SREBP-1c via KLF15, resulting in accelerated amino acid breakdown and suppressed lipogenesis during fasting. Thus, the FoxO-KLF15 pathway contributes to switching the macronutrient flow in the liver under the control of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Takeuchi
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Naoya Yahagi
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuichi Aita
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Zahra Mehrazad-Saber
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Man Hei Ho
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yiren Huyan
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuki Murayama
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akito Shikama
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yukari Masuda
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Izumida
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takafumi Miyamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawakami
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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43
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Insulin-Responsive Transcription Factors. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121886. [PMID: 34944530 PMCID: PMC8699568 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormone insulin executes its function via binding and activating of the insulin receptor, a receptor tyrosine kinase that is mainly expressed in skeletal muscle, adipocytes, liver, pancreatic β-cells, and in some areas of the central nervous system. Stimulation of the insulin receptor activates intracellular signaling cascades involving the enzymes extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase B/Akt, and phospholipase Cγ as signal transducers. Insulin receptor stimulation is correlated with multiple physiological and biochemical functions, including glucose transport, glucose homeostasis, food intake, proliferation, glycolysis, and lipogenesis. This review article focuses on the activation of gene transcription as a result of insulin receptor stimulation. Signal transducers such as protein kinases or the GLUT4-induced influx of glucose connect insulin receptor stimulation with transcription. We discuss insulin-responsive transcription factors that respond to insulin receptor activation and generate a transcriptional network executing the metabolic functions of insulin. Importantly, insulin receptor stimulation induces transcription of genes encoding essential enzymes of glycolysis and lipogenesis and inhibits genes encoding essential enzymes of gluconeogenesis. Overall, the activation or inhibition of insulin-responsive transcription factors is an essential aspect of orchestrating a wide range of insulin-induced changes in the biochemistry and physiology of insulin-responsive tissues.
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44
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Nathanael J, Suardana P, Vianney YM, Dwi Putra SE. The role of FoxO1 and its modulation with small molecules in the development of diabetes mellitus: A review. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 99:344-361. [PMID: 34862852 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D) is one of the metabolic disorders suffered by a global human being. Certain factors, such as lifestyle and heredity, can increase a person's tendency for T2D. Various genes and proteins play a role in the development of insulin resistance and ultimately diabetes in which one central protein that is discussed in this review is FoxO1. In this review, we regard FoxO1 activation as detrimental, promote high plasma glucose level, and induce insulin resistance. Indeed, many contrasting studies arise since FoxO1 is an important protein to alleviate oxidative stress and promote cell survival, for example, also by preventing hyperglycemic-induced cell death. Inter-relation to PPARG, another important protein in metabolism, is also discussed. Ultimately, we discussed contrasting approaches of targeting FoxO1 to combat diabetes mellitus by small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Nathanael
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Putu Suardana
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Yoanes Maria Vianney
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Sulistyo Emantoko Dwi Putra
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
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45
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Miyachi Y, Kuo T, Son J, Accili D. Aldo-ketoreductase 1c19 ablation does not affect insulin secretion in murine islets. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260526. [PMID: 34843575 PMCID: PMC8629236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta cell failure is a critical feature of diabetes. It includes defects of insulin production, secretion, and altered numbers of hormone-producing cells. In previous work, we have shown that beta cell failure is mechanistically linked to loss of Foxo1 function. This loss of function likely results from increased Foxo1 protein degradation, due to hyperacetylation of Foxo1 from increased nutrient turnover. To understand the mechanisms of Foxo1-related beta cell failure, we performed genome-wide analyses of its target genes, and identified putative mediators of sub-phenotypes of cellular dysfunction. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated a striking pattern of Foxo1 binding to the promoters of a cluster of aldo-ketoreductases on chromosome 13: Akr1c12, Akr1c13, Akr1c19. Of these, Akr1c19 has been reported as a marker of Pdx1-positive endodermal progenitor cells. Here we show that Akr1c19 expression is dramatically decreased in db/db islets. Thus, we investigated whether Akr1c19 is involved in beta cell function. We performed gain- and loss-of-function experiments in cultured beta cells and generated Akr1c19 knockout mice. We show that Foxo1 and HNF1a cooperatively regulate Akr1c19 expression. Nonetheless, functional characterization of Akr1c19 both using islets and knockout mice did not reveal abnormalities on glucose homeostasis. We conclude that reduced expression of Akr1c19 is not sufficient to affect islet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Miyachi
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Taiyi Kuo
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jinsook Son
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Domenico Accili
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
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46
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Chen H, Li G, Chan YL, Zhang HE, Gorrell MD, Pollock CA, Saad S, Oliver BG. Differential Effects of 'Vaping' on Lipid and Glucose Profiles and Liver Metabolic Markers in Obese Versus Non-obese Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:755124. [PMID: 34803738 PMCID: PMC8599937 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.755124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking increases the risk of metabolic disorders due to the combination of harmful chemicals, whereas pure nicotine can improve glucose tolerance. E-cigarette vapour contains nicotine and some of the harmful chemicals found in cigarette smoke at lower levels. To investigate how e-vapour affects metabolic profiles, male Balb/c mice were exposed to a high-fat diet (HFD, 43% fat, 20kJ/g) for 16weeks, and e-vapour in the last 6weeks. HFD alone doubled fat mass and caused dyslipidaemia and glucose intolerance. E-vapour reduced fat mass in HFD-fed mice; only nicotine-containing e-vapour improved glucose tolerance. In chow-fed mice, e-vapour increased lipid content in both blood and liver. Changes in liver metabolic markers may be adaptive responses rather than causal. Future studies can investigate how e-vapour differentially affects metabolic profiles with different diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gerard Li
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yik Lung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui Emma Zhang
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark D Gorrell
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol A Pollock
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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47
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Virus-induced FoxO factor facilitates replication of human cytomegalovirus. Arch Virol 2021; 167:109-121. [PMID: 34751815 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it was reported that the forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factor promotes human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication via direct binding to the promoters of the major immediate-early (MIE) genes, but how the FoxO factor impacts HCMV replication remains unknown. Here, it is reported that FoxO1 expression is strongly induced by HCMV infection in cells of fibroblast origin. Suppression of the FoxO1 gene by specific RNA interference significantly inhibited HCMV growth and replication, but viral DNA synthesis was not affected considerably. Interestingly, depletion or overexpression of FoxO1 had a significant effect on the expression of viral early/late transcripts. FoxO1 was found to colocalize with the pUL44 protein subunit of viral replication compartments without direct association with DNA. This study highlights how FoxO enhances HCMV gene transcription and viral replication to promote infection.
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Du S, Zheng H. Role of FoxO transcription factors in aging and age-related metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:188. [PMID: 34727995 PMCID: PMC8561869 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging happens to all of us as we live. Thanks to the improved living standard and discovery of life-saving medicines, our life expectancy has increased substantially across the world in the past century. However, the rise in lifespan leads to unprecedented increases in both the number and the percentage of individuals 65 years and older, accompanied by the increased incidences of age-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease. FoxO transcription factors are evolutionarily conserved molecules that play critical roles in diverse biological processes, in particular aging and metabolism. Their dysfunction is often found in the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases. Here, we summarize the signaling pathways and cellular functions of FoxO proteins. We also review the complex role of FoxO in aging and age-related diseases, with focus on type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease and discuss the possibility of FoxO as a molecular link between aging and disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Du
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Saydmohammed M, Jha A, Mahajan V, Gavlock D, Shun TY, DeBiasio R, Lefever D, Li X, Reese C, Kershaw EE, Yechoor V, Behari J, Soto-Gutierrez A, Vernetti L, Stern A, Gough A, Miedel MT, Lansing Taylor D. Quantifying the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in human biomimetic liver microphysiology systems with fluorescent protein biosensors. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2420-2441. [PMID: 33957803 PMCID: PMC8606957 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211009228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a complex disease that involves multiple organ systems including a critical role for the liver. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a key component of the metabolic syndrome and fatty liver is linked to a range of metabolic dysfunctions that occur in approximately 25% of the population. A panel of experts recently agreed that the acronym, NAFLD, did not properly characterize this heterogeneous disease given the associated metabolic abnormalities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), obesity, and hypertension. Therefore, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been proposed as the new term to cover the heterogeneity identified in the NAFLD patient population. Although many rodent models of NAFLD/NASH have been developed, they do not recapitulate the full disease spectrum in patients. Therefore, a platform has evolved initially focused on human biomimetic liver microphysiology systems that integrates fluorescent protein biosensors along with other key metrics, the microphysiology systems database, and quantitative systems pharmacology. Quantitative systems pharmacology is being applied to investigate the mechanisms of NAFLD/MAFLD progression to select molecular targets for fluorescent protein biosensors, to integrate computational and experimental methods to predict drugs for repurposing, and to facilitate novel drug development. Fluorescent protein biosensors are critical components of the platform since they enable monitoring of the pathophysiology of disease progression by defining and quantifying the temporal and spatial dynamics of protein functions in the biosensor cells, and serve as minimally invasive biomarkers of the physiological state of the microphysiology system experimental disease models. Here, we summarize the progress in developing human microphysiology system disease models of NAFLD/MAFLD from several laboratories, developing fluorescent protein biosensors to monitor and to measure NAFLD/MAFLD disease progression and implementation of quantitative systems pharmacology with the goal of repurposing drugs and guiding the creation of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manush Saydmohammed
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Anupma Jha
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Vineet Mahajan
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Dillon Gavlock
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Tong Ying Shun
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Richard DeBiasio
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Daniel Lefever
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Celeste Reese
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Vijay Yechoor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jaideep Behari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- UPMC Liver Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Larry Vernetti
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Andrew Stern
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Albert Gough
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mark T Miedel
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - D Lansing Taylor
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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50
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Pang H, Li J, Wang Y, Su X, Gao Y, Li SJ. Mice lacking the proton channel Hv1 exhibit sex-specific differences in glucose homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101212. [PMID: 34547291 PMCID: PMC8503595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex as a physiologic factor has a strong association with the features of metabolic syndrome. Our previous study showed that loss of the voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 inhibits insulin secretion and leads to hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in male mice. However, there are significant differences in blood glucose between male and female Hv1-knockout (KO) mice. Here, we investigated the differences in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity between male and female KO mice and how sex steroids contribute to these differences. We found that the fasting blood glucose in female KO mice was visibly lower than that in male KO mice, which was accompanied by hypotestosteronemia. KO mice in both sexes exhibited higher expression of gluconeogenesis-related genes in liver compared with WT mice. Also, the livers from KO males displayed a decrease in glycolysis-related gene expression and an increase in gluconeogenesis-related gene expression compared with KO females. Furthermore, exogenous testosterone supplementation decreased blood glucose levels in male KO mice, as well as enhancing insulin signaling. Taken together, our data demonstrate that knockout of Hv1 results in higher blood glucose levels in male than female mice, despite a decreased insulin secretion in both sexes. This sex-related difference in glucose homeostasis is associated with the glucose metabolism in liver tissue, likely due to the physiological levels of testosterone in KO male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Pang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Physics Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jinzhi Li
- Biology Laboratory, Tianjin High School, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yuzhou Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yingtang Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Shu Jie Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Physics Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; Biomedical Research Center, Qilu Institute of Technology, Shandong, PR China.
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